Section Ⅱ “Reading and Thinking”的新知学习环节
新学词汇·归类记清
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．see the graph 看________________
2．continued greenhouse gas emissions
持续的温室气体____
3．melt ice ________________冰
4．could not hunt seals 不能猎杀__________
5．methane and carbon dioxide ______和______
6．make policies 制定______________
7．carbon footprint 碳________________
二、重点单词——写其形
1．__________ heat 释放热量
2．burn fossil __________ 燃烧化石燃料
3．an increase in __________ sales
全球销售额的增长
4．this warming ________ 这种变暖的趋势
5．__________ live 现场直播
6．__________ every opportunity抓住每一个机会
三、活用单词——悉其变
四、拓展构词——明其规
1．habitable：以 able结尾的形容词
[依“规”串记]
①reliable 可靠的 ②drinkable 可饮用的
③valuable 宝贵的 ④reasonable 合理的
2．comprehensive：以 sive结尾的形容词
[依“规”串记]
①progressive 进步的；先进的
②aggressive 侵略性的
③excessive 过多的；极度的
④successive 连续的
五、高级词块——通其用
1．______________ 与……一起
2．______________ 震惊于
3．______________ 对……有影响
4．______________ 参考；涉及；指的是
5．______________ 以较长的波长
6．______________ 二氧化碳
7．______________ 化石燃料(如煤或石油)
8．______________ 被困于
9．______________ 导致；通向
10．______________ 采取行动
11．______________ 事实上
12．______________ 导致
13．______________ 制定政策
重点词汇·深化学习
1．An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.
一位长期研究北极熊的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只北极熊像是饿死的。
★starve vi.饿死；挨饿；饿得要死；渴望；极需要vt.使饿死；使挨饿
[用法感知]
①His farming methods saved millions of people who would have starved to death.
他的农业种植方法挽救了数百万人免于饿死。
②All children, regardless of country or region, starve for love and friendship.
所有的孩子，不分国家和地区，都渴望爱和友谊。
③When will the dinner be ready We are starving.晚饭什么时候准备好？ 我们饿极了。
[归纳点拨]
(1)starve to death 饿死
starve to do sth. 渴望做某事
starve for sth. 渴望得到某物
be starving 感觉很饿；饿极了
be starved of/for 缺乏……
(2)starvation n. 饿死；挨饿；绝食
died of/from starvation 死于饥饿
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④I am inexperienced in this field, so I starve __________ your help in such condition.
⑤The department has been starved ________ substantial resources.
⑥He looks forward to the day when none will die of __________ (starve)．
⑦I ____________________________， because mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.Consequently, I ____________________________________ to practise my spoken English. Please accept my application!
我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一扇新的窗户看世界。因此，我一直渴望这样一个宝贵的机会来练习我的英语口语。请接受我的申请！
2．The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.
这一热量以更大的波长被释放回大气层。
★release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布；发行
[用法感知] (写出下列句中release的词性及含义)
①Information will be released strictly on a need to know basis.______________
②The waste water, when released, should be clean enough to meet standards.______________
③The new software is planned for release in April.______________
④The prisoner has served his sentence and will be released tomorrow.______________
[归纳点拨]
release sb./sth. from sp.从某地解救出某人/释放某物
release ... from ... 解除(某人的职责、责任、合同等)；把……从……摆脱出来
release stress/emotions释放压力/发泄情感
release a movie/book 发行电影/书
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
⑤Moments later, my head was finally released __________ this horrible pumpkin cage.
⑥He played a role of an ambitious lawyer in the latest movie, which ________________ (release) at the end of the year.
⑦Learning that a new movie is ____________ at nine this Saturday，I am starving to enjoy it together with you and please don't decline my sincere invitation.
得知本周六上午9点将有一部新电影上映，我很想和你一起欣赏，请不要拒绝我诚挚的邀请。
⑧An activity “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” was launched by our school with the aim of ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
为了在享受美丽校园的同时释放沉重的学习压力，我们学校发起了“认识我们身边的植物”的活动。
3．Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.
如果没有这一过程，地球就无法维系生命。
★sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住
[用法感知] (写出下列句中sustain的含义)
①Here are five ways to sustain long distance friendships.______________
②The ice was too thin to sustain the weight of the goat.______________
③The typhoon left, and the city had sustained great damage.______________
[归纳点拨]
(1)sustain damage/an injury/a defeat遭受损失/受伤/遭受失败
sustain one's interest 保持某人的兴趣
(2)sustainable adj. 可以忍受的；合理利用的；
可持续的
sustainable development 可持续发展
sustainable growth 可持续增长
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④______________ (sustain) tourism, which differs from other kinds of tourism, will do no harm to our environment.
⑤The evidence is not detailed enough ______________ (sustain) his argument.
⑥She managed __________________________ until the end of her speech.
她设法使每个人兴趣盎然，一直到她的演讲结束。
⑦(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)It's oceans that offer us various resources, ensuring ________________________ of human beings.
是海洋为我们提供各种资源，确保人类的可持续发展。
4．It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖，包括其成因和影响，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。
★seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制；捉住；占领
[用法感知]
①(“建议”类写作佳句)Good start is half the battle, and seize the opportunity to be prepared to achieve a multiplier effect.
好的开始是成功的一半，抓住机会，做足准备会达到事半功倍的效果。
②(“动作描写”写作佳句)I was about to fall off the cliff when my father reached out his strong hand and seized me by the arm.
我正要从悬崖上摔下来，这时我父亲伸出他有力的手抓住了我的胳膊。
③As far as I know, Bob seized on the rain as an excuse for missing the conference.
据我所知，鲍勃以下雨为借口不参加会议。
[归纳点拨]
seize sb. by the arm/collar抓住某人的胳膊/衣领
seize the chance/opportunity 抓住机会
seize power 夺取政权
seize on/upon抓住；突然对……大为关注
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④Before he could run away, she seized him __________ the collar.
⑤We seized __________ his remark and regarded it as a promise.
⑥Seeing the pearls by the river, I ________________________________.
看到河畔的珍珠，我好奇心顿起。
⑦I will ________________________________ to participate in the activity to enhance my overall ability.我会抓住这次宝贵的机会参加活动，以提高自己的综合能力。
1．There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖。
(1)There is little/no doubt that ...毫无疑问……
(2)There is (some) doubt whether ...是否……有(些)疑问
(3)Sb. has/have some doubt about ...某人对……有些疑问
名师点津：doubt既可以作名词，又可以作动词。
(1)doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中用whether(不可用if)引导同位语从句；在否定句中用that引导同位语从句。
(2)doubt用作动词时，在肯定句中，后多跟if/whether引导的宾语从句；在否定/疑问句中后跟that引导的宾语从句。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①There is no doubt __________ staying up is more likely to result in over anxiety.
②There is some doubt __________ he is the best man for the job.
③I doubt __________ Alyssa will accept the invitation the day after tomorrow.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④毫无疑问，我们必须对空气污染问题有足够的重视。
____________________ enough attention must be paid to the problem of air pollution.
⑤我怀疑他们是否能按时完成这项任务。
I have ____________________________________________ on time.
⑥如果你对你的健康有任何疑问，你最好马上咨询你的医生。
If you ______________________________， you'd better consult your doctor at once.
2．An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.
一位长期研究北极熊的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只北极熊像是饿死的。
感知将学语法——直接引语和间接引语
本句转述了一位专家的话，若直接引述，则为：An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said, “From the position of its dead body, the bear appears to have starved and died.”文中类似的转述还有：
①Experts claimed that low sea ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.
→Experts claimed, “Low sea ice levels caused by climate change means the bear can not hunt seals as before, so it has to travel greater distances in order to find food.”
②Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.
→Climate scientists have warned us, “If you do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.”
Section Ⅱ
NO.1 积词汇
新学词汇·归类记清
一、1.图表 2.排放 3.融化 4.海豹 5.甲烷 二氧化碳
6．政策 7.足迹
二、1.release 2.fuels 3.worldwide 4.trend 5.broadcast
6．seize
三、1.①starve ②starvation 2.①ecology ②ecological
3．①habitable ②habitability 4.①sustain ②sustainable
5．①comprehensive ②comprehend ③comprehension
6．①frequently ②frequent ③frequency
7．①restrict ②restrictions ③restricted
五、1.along with 2.be shocked by 3.have an impact on
4．refer to 5.at longer wave lengths 6.carbon dioxide
7．fossil fuel 8.be trapped in 9.lead to 10.take action
11．in fact 12.result in 13.make policies
重点词汇·深化学习
1．④for ⑤of/for ⑥starvation ⑦am starving to study English well; have been starving for such a precious opportunity
2．①vt.发布 ②vt.排放 ③n.发行 ④vt.释放 ⑤from
⑥will be released ⑦to be released ⑧releasing our heavy learning pressure while enjoying our beautiful campus
3．①维持 ②承受住 ③遭受 ④Sustainable ⑤to sustain
⑥to sustain everyone's interest ⑦the sustainable development
4．④by ⑤on/upon ⑥was seized by curiosity
⑦seize the precious opportunity/chance
NO.2 通句式
1．①that ②whether ③whether/if ④There is no doubt that
⑤some doubt whether they can complete the task
⑥have any doubt about your health
7 / 7(共95张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
“Reading and Thinking”的新知学习环节
NO 1
积词汇/由记准到用活
NO 2
通句式/由规则到熟用
NO 3
课时跟踪检测
目 录
新学词汇·归类记清
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．see the graph 看_____
2．continued greenhouse gas emissions 持续的温室气体_____
3．melt ice _____冰
No.1 积词汇/由记准到用活
图表
排放
融化
4．could not hunt seals 不能猎杀_____
5．methane and carbon dioxide _____和_________
6．make policies 制定_____
7．carbon footprint 碳_____
海豹
甲烷
二氧化碳
政策
足迹
二、重点单词——写其形
1． heat 释放热量
2．burn fossil 燃烧化石燃料
3．an increase in sales 全球销售额的增长
4．this warming 这种变暖的趋势
5． live 现场直播
6． every opportunity 抓住每一个机会
release
fuels
worldwide
trend
broadcast
seize
starve
starvation
ecology
ecological
habitable
habitability
sustain
sustainable
comprehensive
comprehend
comprehension
frequently
frequent
frequency
restrict
restrictions
restricted
四、拓展构词——明其规
1．habitable：以-able结尾的形容词
[依“规”串记]
①reliable 可靠的 ②drinkable 可饮用的
③valuable 宝贵的 ④reasonable 合理的
2．comprehensive：以-sive结尾的形容词
[依“规”串记]
①progressive 进步的；先进的
②aggressive 侵略性的
③excessive 过多的；极度的
④successive 连续的
五、高级词块——通其用
1． 与……一起
2． 震惊于
3． 对……有影响
4． 参考；涉及；指的是
5． 以较长的波长
6． 二氧化碳
along with
be shocked by
have an impact on
refer to
at longer wave lengths
carbon dioxide
7． 化石燃料(如煤或石油)
8． 被困于
9． 导致；通向
10． 采取行动
11． 事实上
12． 导致
13． 制定政策
fossil fuel
be trapped in
lead to
take action
in fact
result in
make policies
重点词汇·深化学习
1．An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.
一位长期研究北极熊的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只北极熊像是饿死的。
★starve vi.饿死；挨饿；饿得要死；渴望；极需要vt.使饿死；使挨饿
[用法感知]
①His farming methods saved millions of people who would have starved to death.
他的农业种植方法挽救了数百万人免于饿死。
②All children, regardless of country or region, starve for love and friendship.所有的孩子，不分国家和地区，都渴望爱和友谊。
③When will the dinner be ready We are starving.
晚饭什么时候准备好？ 我们饿极了。
[归纳点拨]
(1)starve to death 饿死
starve to do sth. 渴望做某事
starve for sth. 渴望得到某物
be starving 感觉很饿；饿极了
be starved of/for 缺乏……
(2)starvation n. 饿死；挨饿；绝食
died of/from starvation 死于饥饿
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④I am inexperienced in this field, so I starve your help in such condition.
⑤The department has been starved substantial resources.
⑥He looks forward to the day when none will die of ___________ (starve)．
for
of/for
starvation
⑦I , because mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.Consequently, I ______________________________________________to practise my spoken English. Please accept my application!
我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一扇新的窗户看世界。因此，我一直渴望这样一个宝贵的机会来练习我的英语口语。请接受我的申请！
am starving to study English well
have been starving for such a precious opportunity
2．The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.
这一热量以更大的波长被释放回大气层。
★release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布；发行
[用法感知] (写出下列句中release的词性及含义)
①Information will be released strictly on a need-to-know basis.______
②The waste water, when released, should be clean enough to meet standards._______
vt.发布
vt.排放
③The new software is planned for release in April.________
④The prisoner has served his sentence and will be released tomorrow._______
n.发行
vt.释放
[归纳点拨]
release sb./sth. from sp. 从某地解救出某人/释放某物
release ... from ... 解除(某人的职责、责任、合同等)；
把……从……摆脱出来
release stress/emotions 释放压力/发泄情感
release a movie/book 发行电影/书
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
⑤Moments later, my head was finally released this horrible pumpkin cage.
⑥He played a role of an ambitious lawyer in the latest movie, which (release) at the end of the year.
from
will be released
⑦Learning that a new movie is at nine this Saturday，I am starving to enjoy it together with you and please don't decline my sincere invitation.
得知本周六上午9点将有一部新电影上映，我很想和你一起欣赏，请不要拒绝我诚挚的邀请。
to be released
⑧An activity “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” was launched by our school with the aim of _____________________________ ________________________________________.
为了在享受美丽校园的同时释放沉重的学习压力，我们学校发起了“认识我们身边的植物”的活动。
releasing our heavy learning
pressure while enjoying our beautiful campus
3．Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.
如果没有这一过程，地球就无法维系生命。
★sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住
[用法感知] (写出下列句中sustain的含义)
①Here are five ways to sustain long-distance friendships._____
②The ice was too thin to sustain the weight of the goat._______
③The typhoon left, and the city had sustained great damage._____
维持
承受住
遭受
[归纳点拨]
(1)sustain damage/an injury/a defeat 遭受损失/受伤/遭受失败
sustain one's interest 保持某人的兴趣
(2)sustainable adj. 可以忍受的；合理利用的；可持续的
sustainable development 可持续发展
sustainable growth 可持续增长
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④ (sustain) tourism, which differs from other kinds of tourism, will do no harm to our environment.
⑤The evidence is not detailed enough (sustain) his argument.
⑥She managed until the end of her speech.
她设法使每个人兴趣盎然，一直到她的演讲结束。
Sustainable
to sustain
to sustain everyone's interest
⑦(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)It's oceans that offer us various resources, ensuring of human beings.
是海洋为我们提供各种资源，确保人类的可持续发展。
the sustainable development
4．It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖，包括其成因和影响，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。
★seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制；捉住；占领
[用法感知]
①(“建议”类写作佳句)Good start is half the battle, and seize the opportunity to be prepared to achieve a multiplier effect.
好的开始是成功的一半，抓住机会，做足准备会达到事半功倍的效果。
②(“动作描写”写作佳句)I was about to fall off the cliff when my father reached out his strong hand and seized me by the arm.
我正要从悬崖上摔下来，这时我父亲伸出他有力的手抓住了我的胳膊。
③As far as I know, Bob seized on the rain as an excuse for missing the conference.
据我所知，鲍勃以下雨为借口不参加会议。
[归纳点拨]
seize sb. by the arm/collar 抓住某人的胳膊/衣领
seize the chance/opportunity 抓住机会
seize power 夺取政权
seize on/upon 抓住；突然对……大为关注
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④Before he could run away, she seized him the collar.
⑤We seized his remark and regarded it as a promise.
⑥Seeing the pearls by the river, I .
看到河畔的珍珠，我好奇心顿起。
⑦I will to participate in the activity to enhance my overall ability.
我会抓住这次宝贵的机会参加活动，以提高自己的综合能力。
by
on/upon
was seized by curiosity
seize the precious opportunity/chance
No.2 通句式/由规则到熟用
1．There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖。
(1)There is little/no doubt that ... 毫无疑问……
(2)There is (some) doubt whether ... 是否……有(些)疑问
(3)Sb. has/have some doubt about ... 某人对……有些疑问
名师点津：doubt既可以作名词，又可以作动词。
(1)doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中用whether(不可用if)引导同位语从句；在否定句中用that引导同位语从句。
(2)doubt用作动词时，在肯定句中，后多跟if/whether引导的宾语从句；在否定/疑问句中后跟that引导的宾语从句。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①There is no doubt staying up is more likely to result in over-anxiety.
②There is some doubt he is the best man for the job.
③I doubt Alyssa will accept the invitation the day after tomorrow.
that
whether
whether/if
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④毫无疑问，我们必须对空气污染问题有足够的重视。
enough attention must be paid to the problem of air pollution.
There is no doubt that
⑤我怀疑他们是否能按时完成这项任务。
I have on time.
⑥如果你对你的健康有任何疑问，你最好马上咨询你的医生。
If you , you'd better consult your doctor at once.
some doubt whether they can complete the task
have any doubt about your health
2．An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.
一位长期研究北极熊的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只北极熊像是饿死的。
感知将学语法——直接引语和间接引语
本句转述了一位专家的话，若直接引述，则为：An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said, “From the position of its dead body, the bear appears to have starved and died.”文中类似的转述还有：
①Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.
→Experts claimed, “Low sea-ice levels caused by climate change means the bear can not hunt seals as before, so it has to travel greater distances in order to find food.”
②Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.
→Climate scientists have warned us, “If you do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.”
No.3 课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He must have passed this way, for here are his (足迹)．
2．After being questioned by the police, she was (释放) without charge.
3．The problem was how to create and (维持) public interest.
footprints
released
sustain
4．The act of chopping down trees creates 17 percent of the world's (排放物) as carbon.
5．Pollution will long remain a (影响全世界的) problem although much has been done to solve it.
6．The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is _________(融化)．
7．Reducing levels of (碳) dioxide in the atmosphere is of critical importance.
emissions
worldwide
melting
carbon
8．Using alternative (燃料) and improving energy efficiency is thus both an ecological necessity and a technological challenge.
9．The news of the high-speed rail link in this area is soon ___________(播送) all over the countryside.
10．There is a growing (趋势) towards higher prices because of the war in that country.
fuels
broadcast
trend
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．With his research, millions of people are not facing ___________(starve) now.
2．Large dams have harmed Siberia's delicate ________ (ecology) balance.
3．He spent about ￡70,000 buying a (habit) house.
starvation
ecological
habitable
4．The country will remain a large and (sustain) consumer of raw materials.
5．The course provides a (comprehend) view of Shakespearean literature.
6．Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how (frequent) each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.
sustainable
comprehensive
frequently
7．In fact, millions of travel insurance (policy) have had to be updated to keep up with the growing travel trend.
8．The swimming club is open to families in the neighbourhood without (restrict)．
policies
restriction
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．There is a list of everything you will need a set of simple instructions.
2．Keeping animals at zoos has the status of most endangered species.
3．When faced with a difficulty, I usually choose to ________relevant learning materials or web pages.
take action， result in， lead to， along with， have an impact on， be trapped in， refer to， amounts of
along with
had an impact on
refer to
4．Once you negative thoughts, your brain ignores everything else.
5．All roads Rome, as the saying goes.
6．Stress and tiredness often a lack of concentration.
7．If they cannot make decisions and , why do we need them
8．The experiment shows that proper exercise, if carried out regularly, can improve our health.
are trapped in
lead to
result in
take action
amounts of
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．那位老人似乎摔断了腿。马上叫救护车！(appear to do)
The old man . Call the ambulance immediately!
2．他是否会出席会议有些疑问。(doubt后接同位语从句)
he will turn up at the meeting.
appears to have broken his leg
There is some doubt whether
3．坐这班公共汽车的旅客到售票处买票。(现在分词短语作后置定语)
Passengers buy their tickets at the ticket office.
4．该地区一直缺乏水资源，这个电视节目使得该问题受到了人们的关注。(starve of/for)
The area , and the TV program has brought the problem to public attention.
5．抓住这次机会来提高你的英语是有必要的。(seize)
It is necessary your English.
traveling on this bus
has been starved of/for water
to seize the opportunity to improve
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
In recent years, climate change has had a great impact ① the animals. In 2013, a lot of people ② (shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard. Due to the increase in temperature, the polar bear seemed ③____________ (die) from lack of food.
on
were shocked
to have died
According to climate scientists, a key climate process, ④ is called the “greenhouse effect”，includes the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The former refers to the fact that heat from the sun ⑤ (enter) the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of the heat, ⑥ (keep) Earth's climate warm and habitable. However, the latter has become ⑦ big problem. When people burn fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise ⑧ (quick)．
which
enters
keeping
a
quickly
The evidence shows that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural ⑨ (disaster) worldwide. Climate scientists warn that this warming trend will become ⑩ (bad) if we do not take appropriate measures. The severe situation requires people all over the world to pay more attention to it, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
disasters
worse
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment, in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives. Fortunately,
nowadays it is much easier to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices than, let's say, 20 years ago. But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods
After doing some research, I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used. Let me try to explain.
A carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use — those related to their production and breakdown.
Based on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However, for the car and the other appliances that we need we can go with new, energy-saving models. I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory.
So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy-saving models. The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。本文作者一直致力于践行环保的生活方式，寻找减少碳足迹的方法。
1．What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint
A．It is related to our consumption of fuels.
B．It is made when we are buying the products.
C．It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint.
D．It is counted as ours though not directly made by us.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，第二碳足迹指我们使用产品的整个生命周期(包括产品的生产和分解)中间接二氧化碳排放量。由此可知，第二碳足迹虽然不是由我们直接造成的，但也算作我们碳足迹的一部分。故选D。
2．Which of the following helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author
A．Using second-hand textbooks.
B．Using old and expensive cars.
C．Buying new but cheap clothes.
D．Buying new wooden furniture.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Things like dishes ... added production.”可知，像盘子、衣服和家具之类的东西属于“第二碳足迹”，这一类的东西越少越好，所以可以集中精力寻找二手货，避免加大生产，从而降低碳足迹，故排除C、D选项；再根据“However, for the car and the other appliances that we need we can go with new, energy-saving models.”可知，车辆还是用新的节能款式比较好，可以降低我们的碳足迹，故排除B选项。故选A。
3．“The footprint” underlined in the last sentence refers to the CO2 produced in .
A．using the product
B．recycling the product
C．making the product
D．transporting the product
√
解析：词义猜测题。根据文章最后一句“... and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.”可知，那些额外的碳(排放)是否值得这个产品到你手里之后所产生的碳足迹，即你使用产品的时候。故选A。
4．What is the text mainly about
A．What appliances to buy to save energy.
B．What a carbon footprint means in our life.
C．How to identify different carbon footprints.
D．How to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
√
解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段提到了作者寻求环保的生活方式来减少碳足迹，由此引出碳足迹的概念。第二段又提到作者做了一些研究之后得出结论——不同的物品要区别对待。接下来的段落分别举例哪些产品适合用最新的节能模式，哪些适合沿用老办法，故本文主要讲述了如何选择环保的生活方式，故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Many poor children in Africa struggle on tuition for an education.However, a new school has been asking their pupils to pay for classes with 5 .
Every week, students 6 the Akshar School are required to line up and “pay” for their classes using grocery bags 7 at least 25 pieces of plastic waste they 8 from around their homes and communities.
Parmita and Mazin, the couple 9 for the new school, were 10 to launch the campaign after witnessing their students being forced to 11 the acrid (刺激的) smell of burning plastic.That's because before the school was opened in 2016, local families and communities 12 burned plastic waste as a 13 of keeping warm and fueling fires.
Now, the plastic is being collected and recycled at the school's own recycling center.The school 14 the trash into Ecobricks by compressing (压缩) about 40 pieces of garbage into a(n) 15 plastic bottle.
Furthermore, the school's older students can work part-time at the center as an additional source of 16 .
Now the school 17 over 100 students between the ages of 4 and 15.Since the school's 18 curriculum has attracted more and more 19 to enroll, the couple plan on opening another 100 schools over the next five years.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一对夫妇开办了一所学校，让学生用捡来的塑料废品支付学费，这为保护环境作出了贡献。
5．A.working hours B．farm products
C．plastic waste D．burned trash
解析：根据下文“and ‘pay’ for their classes using grocery bags ______at least 25 pieces of plastic waste”可知，学生可以通过捡塑料废品(plastic waste)并将其上交的方式来支付学费。
√
6．A.leaving B．attending
C．finishing D．damaging
解析：根据句中“the Akshar School”及语境可知，来学校上学(attending)的学生都排着队，用捡来的塑料废品“支付”学费。
√
7．A.taking in B．spreading out
C．attached to D．filled with
解析：根据空后“at least 25 pieces of plastic waste”可知，袋子里装满(filled with)了塑料废品。
√
8．A.collected B．borrowed
C．explored D．counted
解析：根据上下文语境可知，这些塑料废品是从家和社区周边收集(collected)来的。
√
9．A.anxious B．grateful
C．responsible D．qualified
解析：根据语境可知，这所学校是由一对夫妇负责的(responsible)。
√
10．A.changed B．inspired
C．prohibited D．recommended
解析：根据下文“after witnessing their students being forced to______the acrid (刺激的) smell of burning plastic”可知，这对夫妇在目睹了学生被迫闻烧焦塑料的刺鼻气味后受到启发(inspired)，才发起了用塑料垃圾支付学费的活动。
√
11．A.stand B．enjoy
C．observe D．control
解析：根据空后“the acrid (刺激的) smell of burning plastic”可知，孩子们要忍受(stand)焚烧塑料所带来的刺鼻气味。
√
12．A.consequently B．obviously
C．eventually D．commonly
解析：根据下文“burned plastic waste as a of keeping warm and fueling fires”及语境可知，那是因为当地住户常常(commonly)通过焚烧塑料废品来取暖生火。
√
13．A.pity B．wish
C．means D．luck
解析：根据句中“burned plastic waste as a of keeping warm and fueling fires”可知，当地住户取暖生火的方式之一是焚烧塑料。means在此处意为“方法，方式”。
√
14．A.buries B．removes
C．throws D．recycles
解析：根据上文“Now, the plastic is being collected and recycled at the school's own recycling center.”可知，学校收集学生带来的垃圾后，再把垃圾进行回收处理(recycles)。
√
15．A.single B．straight
C．large D．twisted
解析：根据句中“The school the trash into Ecobricks by compressing (压缩) about 40 pieces of garbage”可知，在被加工的塑料废品中，约每40份废品可以做成一个塑料瓶。
√
16．A.income B．credits
C．scores D．trash
解析：根据空前“Furthermore, the school's older students can work part-time at the center”可知，高年级的学生可以在回收中心做兼职赚钱，将此作为额外收入(income)。
√
17．A.helps B．shares
C．owns D．creates
解析：根据语境可知，此处指现在这所学校拥有(owns)100多名学生，学生的年龄在4岁到15岁之间。
√
18．A.efficient B．creative
C．skillful D．respected
解析：根据语境可知，学校有很多创新(creative)课程。
√
19．A.teachers B．beggars
C．partners D．students
解析：根据空前“Since the school's curriculum has attracted more and more”可知，学校的创新课程吸引着越来越多的学生。
√
Ⅲ.语法填空
A wildlife research led by Dr. Sean Maxwell, 1 professor from University of Queensland, throws light on how various species have responded to major climate events.
“We have spent more than 70 years 2 (measure) the responses of various species，” said Dr. Maxwell. “The growing 3 (frequent) of extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts and floods is causing unpredictable and immediate changes 4 ecosystems. Hurricanes are the most common extreme event for birds and fish, while mammals (哺乳动物) respond most to drought events.”
UQ Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science director Professor James Watson said the 5 (detail) information would help inform ecosystem management.
“The research clearly shows species will respond, often 6 (negative), to extreme events，” Professor Watson said. “In the past few decades, we 7 (see) more than 100 cases of sharp population declines and 31 cases of local population extinction following an extreme event. As extreme climate and weather events 8 (be) now more and more common, we need to act to ensure species have the best chance 9 (survive). Wherever possible, high quality and complete habitat areas should be protected, as these are the places 10 species are most resilient (易恢复的) to increasing exposure to extreme events.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚昆士兰大学的肖恩·麦克斯韦博士领导了一项研究，该研究表明极端气候威胁着野生动物的生存。
1．a 考查冠词。可数名词professor在句中表示“(昆士兰大学的)一位教授”，泛指，且professor发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。
2．measuring 考查非谓语动词。spend ... doing ...是固定搭配，用动词-ing作宾语。
3．frequency 考查名词。提示词在句中作主语，用名词frequency。
4．to 考查介词。cause ... to ...是固定搭配，意为“给……带来……，给……造成……”，to是介词。
5．detailed 考查形容词。提示词作定语，修饰名词information，用形容词detailed，意为“详细的”。
6．negatively 考查副词。根据句意，提示词修饰动词respond，应用副词negatively，意为“消极地”。
7．have seen 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，see(看到)在句中作谓语动词，与主语we之间是主动关系；句中有时间状语In the past few decades，应使用现在完成时，又因主语是复数代词，故填have seen。
8．are 考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语now可知，应使用一般现在时；主语climate and weather events是复数名词，故填are。
9．to survive 考查非谓语动词。the best chance to do ...是固定搭配，用不定式作后置定语。故填to survive。
10．where 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词places，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，应使用关系副词where。UNIT 3 课时检测(二) “Reading and Thinking”的新知学习环节
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He must have passed this way, for here are his __________ (足迹)．
2．After being questioned by the police, she was __________ (释放) without charge.
3．The problem was how to create and __________ (维持) public interest.
4．The act of chopping down trees creates 17 percent of the world's __________ (排放物) as carbon.
5．Pollution will long remain a __________ (影响全世界的) problem although much has been done to solve it.
6．The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is __________ (融化)．
7．Reducing levels of __________ (碳) dioxide in the atmosphere is of critical importance.
8．Using alternative __________ (燃料) and improving energy efficiency is thus both an ecological necessity and a technological challenge.
9．The news of the high speed rail link in this area is soon __________ (播送) all over the countryside.
10．There is a growing __________ (趋势) towards higher prices because of the war in that country.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．With his research, millions of people are not facing __________ (starve) now.
2．Large dams have harmed Siberia's delicate ________ (ecology) balance.
3．He spent about ￡70,000 buying a __________ (habit) house.
4．The country will remain a large and __________ (sustain) consumer of raw materials.
5．The course provides a __________ (comprehend) view of Shakespearean literature.
6．Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how __________ (frequent) each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.
7．In fact, millions of travel insurance __________ (policy) have had to be updated to keep up with the growing travel trend.
8．The swimming club is open to families in the neighbourhood without __________ (restrict)．
Ⅲ.选词填空
take action， result in， lead to， along with， have an impact on， be trapped in， refer to， amounts of
1．There is a list of everything you will need ______________ a set of simple instructions.
2．Keeping animals at zoos has ______________ the status of most endangered species.
3．When faced with a difficulty, I usually choose to ______________ relevant learning materials or web pages.
4．Once you ______________ negative thoughts, your brain ignores everything else.
5．All roads ___________________________________________________________ Rome, as the saying goes.
6．Stress and tiredness often ______________ a lack of concentration.
7．If they cannot make decisions and ____________， why do we need them
8．The experiment shows that proper ____________ exercise, if carried out regularly, can improve our health.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．那位老人似乎摔断了腿。马上叫救护车！(appear to do)
The old man ____________________________. Call the ambulance immediately!
2．他是否会出席会议有些疑问。(doubt后接同位语从句)
____________________________________ he will turn up at the meeting.
3．坐这班公共汽车的旅客到售票处买票。(现在分词短语作后置定语)
Passengers ______________________________ buy their tickets at the ticket office.
4．该地区一直缺乏水资源，这个电视节目使得该问题受到了人们的关注。(starve of/for)
The area ____________________， and the TV program has brought the problem to public attention.
5．抓住这次机会来提高你的英语是有必要的。(seize)
It is necessary ________________________________________________ your English.
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
In recent years, climate change has had a great impact ①________ the animals. In 2013, a lot of people ②______________ (shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard. Due to the increase in temperature, the polar bear seemed ③______________ (die) from lack of food.
According to climate scientists, a key climate process, ④__________ is called the “greenhouse effect”，includes the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man made” greenhouse effect. The former refers to the fact that heat from the sun ⑤__________ (enter) the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of the heat, ⑥__________ (keep) Earth's climate warm and habitable. However, the latter has become ⑦________ big problem. When people burn fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise ⑧__________ (quick)．
The evidence shows that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural ⑨__________ (disaster) worldwide. Climate scientists warn that this warming trend will become ⑩__________ (bad) if we do not take appropriate measures. The severe situation requires people all over the world to pay more attention to it, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment, in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives. Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make eco friendly lifestyle choices than, let's say, 20 years ago. But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: is it better to buy new eco friendly products or used traditionally produced goods
After doing some research, I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used. Let me try to explain.
A carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use — those related to their production and breakdown.
Based on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However, for the car and the other appliances that we need we can go with new, energy saving models. I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory. So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy saving models. The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the_footprint the product will make once it gets to you.
1．What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint
A．It is related to our consumption of fuels.
B．It is made when we are buying the products.
C．It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint.
D．It is counted as ours though not directly made by us.
2．Which of the following helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author
A．Using second hand textbooks.
B．Using old and expensive cars.
C．Buying new but cheap clothes.
D．Buying new wooden furniture.
3．“The footprint” underlined in the last sentence refers to the CO2 produced in ________.
A．using the product
B．recycling the product
C．making the product
D．transporting the product
4．What is the text mainly about
A．What appliances to buy to save energy.
B．What a carbon footprint means in our life.
C．How to identify different carbon footprints.
D．How to make eco friendly lifestyle choices.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Many poor children in Africa struggle on tuition for an education.However, a new school has been asking their pupils to pay for classes with __5__.
Every week, students __6__ the Akshar School are required to line up and “pay” for their classes using grocery bags __7__ at least 25 pieces of plastic waste they __8__ from around their homes and communities.
Parmita and Mazin, the couple __9__ for the new school, were __10__ to launch the campaign after witnessing their students being forced to __11__ the acrid (刺激的) smell of burning plastic.That's because before the school was opened in 2016, local families and communities __12__ burned plastic waste as a __13__ of keeping warm and fueling fires.
Now, the plastic is being collected and recycled at the school's own recycling center.The school __14__ the trash into Ecobricks by compressing (压缩) about 40 pieces of garbage into a(n) __15__ plastic bottle.
Furthermore, the school's older students can work part time at the center as an additional source of __16__.
Now the school __17__ over 100 students between the ages of 4 and 15.Since the school's __18__ curriculum has attracted more and more __19__ to enroll, the couple plan on opening another 100 schools over the next five years.
5．A.working hours B．farm products
C．plastic waste D．burned trash
6．A.leaving B．attending
C．finishing D．damaging
7．A.taking in B．spreading out
C．attached to D．filled with
8．A.collected B．borrowed
C．explored D．counted
9．A.anxious B．grateful
C．responsible D．qualified
10．A.changed B．inspired
C．prohibited D．recommended
11．A.stand B．enjoy
C．observe D．control
12．A.consequently B．obviously
C．eventually D．commonly
13．A.pity B．wish
C．means D．luck
14．A.buries B．removes
C．throws D．recycles
15．A.single B．straight
C．large D．twisted
16．A.income B．credits
C．scores D．trash
17．A.helps B．shares
C．owns D．creates
18．A.efficient B．creative
C．skillful D．respected
19．A.teachers B．beggars
C．partners D．students
Ⅲ.语法填空
A wildlife research led by Dr. Sean Maxwell, __1__ professor from University of Queensland, throws light on how various species have responded to major climate events.
“We have spent more than 70 years __2__ (measure) the responses of various species，” said Dr. Maxwell. “The growing __3__ (frequent) of extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts and floods is causing unpredictable and immediate changes __4__ ecosystems. Hurricanes are the most common extreme event for birds and fish, while mammals (哺乳动物) respond most to drought events.”
UQ Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science director Professor James Watson said the __5__ (detail) information would help inform ecosystem management.
“The research clearly shows species will respond, often __6__ (negative), to extreme events，” Professor Watson said. “In the past few decades, we __7__ (see) more than 100 cases of sharp population declines and 31 cases of local population extinction following an extreme event. As extreme climate and weather events __8__ (be) now more and more common, we need to act to ensure species have the best chance __9__ (survive). Wherever possible, high quality and complete habitat areas should be protected, as these are the places __10__ species are most resilient (易恢复的) to increasing exposure to extreme events.”
UNIT 3 课时检测(二)
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.1.footprints 2.released 3.sustain 4.emissions
5．worldwide 6.melting 7.carbon 8.fuels 9.broadcast
10．trend
Ⅱ.1.starvation 2.ecological 3.habitable 4.sustainable
5．comprehensive 6.frequently 7.policies 8.restriction
Ⅲ.1.along with 2.had an impact on 3.refer to 4.are trapped in 5.lead to 6.result in 7.take action 8.amounts of
Ⅳ.1.appears to have broken his leg 2.There is some doubt whether 3.traveling on this bus 4.has been starved of/for water 5.to seize the opportunity to improve
Ⅴ.①on ②were shocked ③to have died ④which ⑤enters
⑥keeping ⑦a ⑧quickly ⑨disasters ⑩worse
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。本文作者一直致力于践行环保的生活方式，寻找减少碳足迹的方法。
1．选D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，第二碳足迹指我们使用产品的整个生命周期(包括产品的生产和分解)中间接二氧化碳排放量。由此可知，第二碳足迹虽然不是由我们直接造成的，但也算作我们碳足迹的一部分。故选D。
2．选A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Things like dishes ... added production.”可知，像盘子、衣服和家具之类的东西属于“第二碳足迹”，这一类的东西越少越好，所以可以集中精力寻找二手货，避免加大生产，从而降低碳足迹，故排除C、D选项；再根据“However, for the car and the other appliances that we need we can go with new, energy saving models.”可知，车辆还是用新的节能款式比较好，可以降低我们的碳足迹，故排除B选项。故选A。
3．选A 词义猜测题。根据文章最后一句“... and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.”可知，那些额外的碳(排放)是否值得这个产品到你手里之后所产生的碳足迹，即你使用产品的时候。故选A。
4．选D 主旨大意题。文章第一段提到了作者寻求环保的生活方式来减少碳足迹，由此引出碳足迹的概念。第二段又提到作者做了一些研究之后得出结论——不同的物品要区别对待。接下来的段落分别举例哪些产品适合用最新的节能模式，哪些适合沿用老办法，故本文主要讲述了如何选择环保的生活方式，故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一对夫妇开办了一所学校，让学生用捡来的塑料废品支付学费，这为保护环境作出了贡献。
5．选C 根据下文“and ‘pay’ for their classes using grocery bags ________ at least 25 pieces of plastic waste”可知，学生可以通过捡塑料废品(plastic waste)并将其上交的方式来支付学费。
6．选B 根据句中“the Akshar School”及语境可知，来学校上学(attending)的学生都排着队，用捡来的塑料废品“支付”学费。
7．选D 根据空后“at least 25 pieces of plastic waste”可知，袋子里装满(filled with)了塑料废品。
8．选A 根据上下文语境可知，这些塑料废品是从家和社区周边收集(collected)来的。
9．选C 根据语境可知，这所学校是由一对夫妇负责的(responsible)。
10．选B 根据下文“after witnessing their students being forced to ________ the acrid (刺激的) smell of burning plastic”可知，这对夫妇在目睹了学生被迫闻烧焦塑料的刺鼻气味后受到启发(inspired)，才发起了用塑料垃圾支付学费的活动。
11．选A 根据空后“the acrid (刺激的) smell of burning plastic”可知，孩子们要忍受(stand)焚烧塑料所带来的刺鼻气味。
12．选D 根据下文“burned plastic waste as a ________ of keeping warm and fueling fires”及语境可知，那是因为当地住户常常(commonly)通过焚烧塑料废品来取暖生火。
13．选C 根据句中“burned plastic waste as a ________ of keeping warm and fueling fires”可知，当地住户取暖生火的方式之一是焚烧塑料。means在此处意为“方法，方式”。
14．选D 根据上文“Now, the plastic is being collected and recycled at the school's own recycling center.”可知，学校收集学生带来的垃圾后，再把垃圾进行回收处理(recycles)。
15．选A 根据句中“The school ________ the trash into Ecobricks by compressing (压缩) about 40 pieces of garbage”可知，在被加工的塑料废品中，约每40份废品可以做成一个塑料瓶。
16．选A 根据空前“Furthermore, the school's older students can work part time at the center”可知，高年级的学生可以在回收中心做兼职赚钱，将此作为额外收入(income)。
17．选C 根据语境可知，此处指现在这所学校拥有(owns)100多名学生，学生的年龄在4岁到15岁之间。
18．选B 根据语境可知，学校有很多创新(creative)课程。
19．选D 根据空前“Since the school's ______ curriculum has attracted more and more”可知，学校的创新课程吸引着越来越多的学生。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚昆士兰大学的肖恩·麦克斯韦博士领导了一项研究，该研究表明极端气候威胁着野生动物的生存。
1．a 考查冠词。可数名词professor在句中表示“(昆士兰大学的)一位教授”，泛指，且professor发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。
2．measuring 考查非谓语动词。spend ... doing ...是固定搭配，用动词 ing作宾语。
3．frequency 考查名词。提示词在句中作主语，用名词frequency。
4．to 考查介词。cause ... to ...是固定搭配，意为“给……带来……，给……造成……”，to是介词。
5．detailed 考查形容词。提示词作定语，修饰名词information，用形容词detailed，意为“详细的”。
6．negatively 考查副词。根据句意，提示词修饰动词respond，应用副词negatively，意为“消极地”。
7．have seen 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，see(看到)在句中作谓语动词，与主语we之间是主动关系；句中有时间状语In the past few decades，应使用现在完成时，又因主语是复数代词，故填have seen。
8．are 考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语now可知，应使用一般现在时；主语climate and weather events是复数名词，故填are。
9．to survive 考查非谓语动词。the best chance to do ...是固定搭配，用不定式作后置定语。故填to survive。
10．where 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词places，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，应使用关系副词where。
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