(共100张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Learning About Language Using Language
新知学习一课过
NO 1
积词汇/由记准到用活
NO 2
通句式/由规则到熟用
NO 3
课时跟踪检测
目 录
新学词汇·归类记清
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．the Mediterranean basin 地中海______
2．implement reforms _____改革
3．moderate exercise ________锻炼
No.1 积词汇/由记准到用活
盆地
实施
适度的
4．tropical forests _____森林
5．nuclear power ___能
6．walk through the jungle 步行穿过_____
7．black smog 黑色的_____
8．originate in the tropics ______于热带
9．an increasing volume of tourists 游客_____的增加
热带
核
丛林
烟雾
起源
数量
10．garbage disposal _________
11．industrial and commercial enterprises 工商_____
12．set up strict regulations 制定严格的_________
13．a busy waterway 一条繁忙的______
14．built-in agenda 既定_____
垃圾处理
企业
规章制度
航道
日程
二、重点单词——写其形
1． the social security system 改革社会保障体制
2． heart surgery 接受心脏手术
3．an meeting 年会
4．economic 经济混乱
5．be to heat 对热很敏感
reform
undergo
annual
chaos
sensitive
6． the river's original beauty 恢复河流的原始美景
7．two eggs 两打鸡蛋
8． tourist organisations for abuses
对旅游机构的违规行为进行处罚
9．launch a 发起一场运动
restore
dozen
fine
campaign
harmonious
harmony
submit
submission
conservation
conserve
inspections
inspect
tolerate
tolerance
tolerant
四、拓展构词——明其规
1．harmonious：以-ious构成的形容词
[依“规”串记]
①precious 珍贵的 ②curious 好奇的
③anxious 焦虑的 ④serious 严肃的
2．conservation：以-ation构成的名词
[依“规”串记]
①information 信息 ②education 教育
③imagination 想象 ④realization 实现
五、高级词块——通其用
1． 代表(代替)某人
2． 导致
3． 作为……的结果
4． 实际上；有效；生效
5． 执行
6． 到目前为止
7． 许多；很多
on behalf of
contribute to
as a result of
in effect
carry out
so far
dozens of
重点词汇·深化学习
1．In response to this environmental issue, China is implementing significant policies and measures to address climate change, aiming to restrict coal consumption, promote a harmonious relationship between man and nature, build a sustainable energy system, and advocate a moderate, green, and low-carbon lifestyle.
针对这一环境问题，中国正在实施应对气候变化的重大政策和措施，旨在限制煤炭消费，促进人与自然之间的和谐关系，建立可持续的能源体系，倡导适度、绿色、低碳生活方式。
★harmonious adj.和谐的
[用法感知]
①It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
正是拥有真诚和信任我们才创造了一种和谐的气氛。
②(“环境保护”写作佳句)The only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
我们生存的唯一途径就是与自然和谐相处。
③It was obvious that the piano was out of harmony with the rest of the instruments.
很明显，钢琴(弹得)与其他乐器不协调。
[归纳点拨]
harmony n． 融洽；一致；和谐
in harmony with 与……融洽；与……一致；
与……和谐相处
out of harmony with 与……不协调/不一致
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/句型转换)
④The conversation was carried on in a (harmony) and friendly atmosphere.
⑤Only in this way can we protect our environment and be ___harmony with nature.
harmonious
in
⑥To build a harmonious world, the developed countries should be in harmony with others.
→To build a harmonious world, the developed countries shouldn't ______________________others.
be out of harmony with
2．According to the report submitted by researchers, between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.
根据研究人员提交的报告，每年20%到25%的二氧化碳排放是由热带森林的破坏造成的。
★submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服
[用法感知]
①You have to submit your test scores, and you have to write some essays, like why you want to go to Tsinghua University.
你必须提交你的成绩单，还要写一些文章，像你为什么想去清华大学。
②(主旨升华句)No matter what challenge we were faced with, we would never submit (ourselves) to it.
无论面对什么挑战，我们都不会屈服。
③They prepared a report for submission to the Students' Union in their school.
他们准备了一份报告提交给他们学校的学生会。
[归纳点拨]
(1)submit ... to ... 把……提交/呈递……
submit (oneself) to ... 顺从于……；屈服于……
submit an application/a complaint 呈递申请书/提交投诉书
(2)submission n. 投降；提交(物)；服从
the deadline for submission 提交的最后期限
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④No one becomes a member of the team who is not prepared to submit (he) to the rules of the team.
⑤Your monthly budget must be submitted the company on the first day of each month.
⑥We think an attempt to force them into (submit) would be lost.
himself
to
submission
⑦She yesterday and the company asked her in for an interview today.
她昨天递交了一份工作申请，公司让她今天去面试了。
submitted a job application
3．Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic
为什么核能是一个敏感话题呢？
★sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的
[用法感知]
①It is well-known that many kinds of animals are sensitive to natural disasters, especially before they come.
众所周知，很多种类的动物都对自然灾害很敏感，尤其在灾难来临前。
②You don't have to be sensitive about her comments; she means no harm.
你不必对她的评价太在意，她并没有恶意。
③I was sensible of the danger of her position and telephoned the police immediately.
我意识到她处境危险，立即给警察打了电话。
[归纳点拨]
(1)be sensitive to 对……敏感
be sensitive about 介意、在乎……
(2)sensible adj. 知道的；意识到的
be sensible of sth. 察觉到某事
(3)sensitively adv. 敏感地；易感知地
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④The nerve in this tooth is exposed, so it is sensitive cold food.
⑤She is very sensitive this topic, so we'd better not discuss it before her.
⑥She handled the matter (sensitive).
to
about
sensitively
⑦He has been sensible the importance of study after the examination.
⑧I learned that fish are cold-blooded animals and therefore .
我了解到鱼是冷血动物，因此它们对水温非常敏感。
of
they are very sensitive to water temperature
4．The expression “smog” originated in Britain and means a combination of “smoke” and “fog”．
“smog”一词起源于英国，是“smoke”和“fog”组合而成的。
★originate vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立
[用法感知]
①Plum blossom, which tops the ten most famous flowers of China, originated in south China and has a planting history of more than 3,000 years.
梅花位居中国十大名花之首，源于中国南方，已有三千多年的栽培历史。
②It is said that the version in the Palace Museum is the Song Dynasty original painting.
据说，故宫博物院里的版本是宋代的原画。
③(“景点介绍”写作佳句)The Xi'an City Wall was built originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored.
西安城墙最初是在唐代修建的，用于保护城市，现已完全修复。
[归纳点拨]
(1)originate from 源于；来自
originate in 起源于；产生于
(2)original adj. 原始的；最初的；独创的；新颖的
originally adv. 最初；起初；本来
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④(2024·浙江1月高考)The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was (origin) conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.
⑤My early intention of gardening may not have originated ______ my love for nature.
originally
from
⑥Chopsticks, which symbolize unity and teamwork, are believed to have originated ancient China.
⑦Theories and in turn serve practice.
理论来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。
in
originate from practice
5．Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river's original beauty.
地方官员担心水污染对自然环境的破坏，认为必须采取紧急措施以恢复漓江昔日的美丽。
★restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复
[用法感知]
①(“环境保护”写作佳句)They will set up a new nature reserve in this area, in order to restore the unique forest habitat.
他们将在该地区建立一个新的自然保护区，以恢复独特的森林栖息地。
②The authorities not only restored these preferential policies to us, but also restored our trust in the government.
当局不仅给我们恢复了这些优惠政策，也恢复了我们对政府的信任。
③The restoration of old buildings in major cities in the world costs numerous government expenditures.
世界主要城市对旧建筑的修复花费了大量的政府开支。
[归纳点拨]
(1)restore sth. 修复某物；使某物复原
restore sb./sth. to sth. 使复位；使复职；使复原
restore sth. (to ...) 归还某物(给……)
(2)restoration n. 恢复；归还
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④The (restore) to the castle took a year and cost a lot of money.
⑤When a man is somewhat disturbed, the company of a friend will restore it some degree of peace.
restoration
to
⑥We sincerely hope that you will soon .
我们真诚地希望你能早日康复。
⑦The police its owner.
警方已经把这幅画归还给了它的主人。
be restored to health
have already restored the painting to
6．Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved.
几十家污染企业被关闭或搬迁。
★dozen n．(一)打；十二个
[用法感知]
①Half a dozen boys bought dozens of apples, which were sold by the dozen in the supermarket, and then sent them to the elderly in the nearby nursing house in dozens.在那家超市苹果成打出售，六个男孩买了许多苹果，然后成打地送给了附近敬老院的老人。
归纳点拨 dozens of 很多；许多；几十个
half a dozen 半打；六个
by the dozen 成打地；按打计算
in dozens＝in large numbers 大批；成打地
续表
名师点津 (1)dozen，score，hundred，thousand，million等数词前面有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时，不加-s。例如： a few hundred meters 几百米，several million people 数百万人，two thousand teachers 两千位老师。
(2)如表示“几百”“几千”“几百万”等笼统的数目时，则应加-s并与of构成短语。例如：
hundreds of books 几百本书
thousands of workers 几千名工人
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
②Having been performed for (dozen) of times, that piece of music was rooted in our minds.
③Surprisingly, in that bookstore, books are sold the dozen.
dozens
by
④The eggs were packed .
鸡蛋是按打包装的。
⑤In England, sugar is sold by the pound, eggs and cloth by the yard.
在英国，糖是按磅卖的，蛋是按打卖的，布是按码卖的。
in dozens
by the dozen
7．New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods.
同时也出台了关于游船路线和垃圾处理方法的新规定。
★disposal n．去掉；清除；处理
[用法感知]
①As consumers, people should take the responsibility to pay for rubbish disposal.
作为消费者，人们应该承担为垃圾处理买单的责任。
②Your idea at least disposes of the immediate problem.
你的主意至少解决了眼前的问题。
③(“环境保护”写作佳句)In order to protect the environment, we should try not to use disposable bags.
为了保护环境，我们应该尽量不使用一次性袋子。
[归纳点拨]
(1)at one's disposal 任某人处理；供某人任意使用；
由某人自行支配
(2)dispose v. 排列；布置；安排；使倾向于；使有意于；
使易于
dispose of 丢掉；处理；应付；解决；击败
(3)disposable adj. 一次性的；用完即丢的
[应用融会] (完成句子)
④His job is not only to but also to meet unexpected challenges.
他的工作不仅要处理问题而且也要应付突如其来的挑战。
⑤He will have a car for the whole month.
他将有一辆汽车归他使用一个月。
⑥It took her a mere 20 minutes to .
她只用了20分钟就击败了对手。
dispose of problems
at his disposal
dispose of her opponent
1．Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.
越来越多的生活和商业垃圾最终流入江中，加重了水污染程度。
本句中的with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river 是with复合结构，其中ending up in the river作宾补。
No.2 通句式/由规则到熟用
with复合结构的构成是：with＋宾语＋宾补。此结构可作定语，也可作状语，表示伴随、方式、条件、原因等。其具体构成如下：
①with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.
②with＋宾语＋动词不定式(表示动作将要发生)
③with＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动或动作正在进行)
④with＋宾语＋过去分词(表示被动或动作已经完成)
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
①Because a guide will show us around the scenic spots, we're sure to have a good time.
→ ， we're sure to have a good time.
With a guide to show us around the scenic spots
②There are several problems remaining to be solved, so we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
→ ，we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
With several problems remaining to be solved
③He concentrated his mind on his work and didn't notice what was happening outside.
→ ，he didn't notice what was happening outside.
With his mind concentrated on his work
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④有太多的工作要做，我焦虑得在床上翻来覆去，无法入睡。
，I was so anxious that I tossed and turned on the bed，unable to fall asleep.
⑤我的提议得到了这么多人的支持，我双眉扬起，精神高涨。
，my eyebrows danced and my spirit soared.
With too much work to do
With my proposal supported by so many people
⑥门开着，出于好奇，我蹑手蹑脚地走进房间，突然一个声音从我身后传来，我吓得呆住了。
，I tiptoed into the room out of curiosity and a sudden voice behind me frightened me to freeze.
With the door open
2．These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, causing a decrease in the number of fish species.
这些化学物质造成了严重的水质问题，导致鱼的种类减少。
本句中的causing a decrease in the number of fish species是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示意料之中的事。
(1)现在分词短语具有副词的特征，可充当时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果、方式以及让步状语。
(2)动词不定式通常放在only之后作结果状语，表示一种意料之外的结果。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
①An earthquake hit the area, and caused a great loss.
→An earthquake hit the area, .
②Newly-built wooden cottages line the street.It turns the old town into a dreamland.
→Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, _________________ ________________.
causing a great loss
turning the old town
into a dreamland
③European football is played in 80 countries, which makes it the most popular sport in the world.
→European football is played in 80 countries，________________ ________________________.
making it the most
popular sport in the world
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④首先，你有必要查阅一些有关中国传统文化的书籍，拓宽视野，并做好准备。
To begin with, it is necessary for you to consult some books concerning the traditional Chinese culture, _____________________ and well equipping yourself.
broadening your horizons
⑤另一方面，校服可以很容易地构建起学生间密切联系的桥梁，从而使他们更迅速地建立起友谊。
For another thing, the school uniform can bridge students' close connection easily, _____________________________________________ _______.
thus making them establish their friendship more
quickly
⑥我匆忙赶到火车站，却发现我的那班火车已经开走了。
I reached the station hurriedly，____________________________ ___________.
only to find that the train had
already left
No.3 课时跟踪检测
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．One method of soil (保护) is the use of windbreaks.
2．These measures are intended to (恢复) public confidence in the economy.
conservation
restore
3．When he came to power, he had dozens of rules (改革)．
4． (垃圾) collection helps to protect the environment.
5．The smoking chimney pipes created (烟雾) which was so strong that it choked some inhabitants.
6．Though refused (很多) of times, the poor college graduate didn't give up.
reformed
Garbage
smog
dozens
7．The amount of the (罚款) must be specified.
8．He said the findings would be useful in anti-smoking__________ (运动)．
9．He wanted to promote the development of local _____________ (企业)．
10．They have environmental issues high on their (议事日程)．
fine
campaigns
enterprises
agenda
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He is very strict in observing the (regulate)．
2．I can't tolerate (laugh) at in public.
3．Almost all problems can be found by visual ______________ (inspect)．
4．He (fine) 100 dollars for speeding.
regulations
being laughed
inspection
was fined
5．My father was ill, so I (submit)the claim on behalf of him.
6．Bathed in a (harmony) atmosphere，I worked happily in the enterprise.
7．Today we will talk about the (originate) of the tea-horse road.
8．Some young people are very sensitive their appearance.
submitted
harmonious
origination
about
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．He the plan without difficulty.
2．Honesty and hard work success and happiness.
3．We have things to do now.
dozens of， contribute to， in effect， as a result of， so far， carry out， on behalf of
carried out
contribute to
dozens of
4． his hard work, he has gained admission to Beijing University.
5．This kind of chocolate has been made several times .
6．Please allow me to send the best regards and genuine greetings ___________the school.
7．The old tax regulations will remain until next June.
As a result of
so far
on behalf of
in effect
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．He lay on the grass .
他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。
2．You'd better master some basic Chinese in advance, ________ ___________________________________________.
你最好提前掌握一些基础的汉语，这使你容易适应在北京的新生活。
with his eyes looking at the sky
making
it easy for you to adjust to the new life in Beijing
3． Chinese Calligraphy dates back to at least the Han Dynasty.
人们认为中国书法可以至少追溯到汉代。
4．Electric energy can be changed into light energy ____________ ____________. (as well as)
电能既可以被转变成光能，又可以被转变成声能。
It is believed that
as well as into
sound energy
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
On May 7, “eco-mermaid” Merle Liivand 1 her own world record by swimming a full marathon's distance with a single fin (鳍) in Biscayne Bay, Florida. When Merle Liivand was a child, she had health problems, and began swimming to help her lungs get 2 . In one training session, she nearly wound up swallowing some 3 that was floating in the sea.
That 4 made her think of all the sea animals who faced 5 pollution every day. She decided to work to make people more aware of plastic pollution. Inspired by sea creatures, she began swimming with a special single swimming fin 6 both of her feet. This single fin allows her to swim by 7 both of her legs together. She believes swimming with it 8 “a bigger message”．
Since 2019, she's broken records, swimming vast distances — first in California, then in Florida, and this time swimming the 9 of a full marathon. Despite encountering challenges like jellyfish stings, she 10 ， collecting trash along her route. Her dedication extends beyond records; it's about community and global 11 .
During her 12 ， a friend kayaked (划皮划艇) alongside, providing food and water and collecting the trash she 13 . By the end of her marathon, the kayak held three bags full of trash. Liivand's actions aim to 14 a bigger goal: it's not just about achievements, but about making a 15 impact on the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是“生态美人鱼”Merle Liivand通过游泳马拉松来对抗海洋塑料污染的故事。
1．A.planned B．kept
C．broke D．prepared
解析：根据下文“her own world record by swimming a full marathon's distance”可知，默尔·利万德通过游泳打破了自己的纪录，故选C项。
√
2．A.stronger B．cleaner
C．lighter D．cooler
解析：根据上文“Liivand was a child, she had health problems”可知，她曾有健康问题，通过游泳让肺部更加强壮。故选A项。
√
3．A.water B．plastic
C．sand D．metal
解析：根据下文“She decided to work to make people more aware of plastic pollution.”可知，海中漂浮的是塑料，故选B项。
√
4．A.situation B．cleanup
C．disaster D．experience
解析：根据上文“In one training session, she nearly wound up swallowing some that was floating in the sea.”可知，她差点吞下漂浮在海里的塑料的经历让她想到了海洋生物每天面临这种污染，故选D项。
√
5．A.different B．visible
C．similar D．challenging
解析：那次经历让她想起了每天面临类似污染的所有海洋动物。故选C项。
√
6．A.attached to B．referred to
C．applied to D．devoted to
解析：根据“she began swimming with a special single swimming fin”可知，鳍是被固定在她的脚上的。attached to“附于”。故选A项。
√
7．A.connecting B．removing
C．kicking D．wiping
解析：根据“allows her to swim by both of her legs together”可知，她蹬的是双腿，故选C项。
√
8．A.hides B．marks
C．finds D．conveys
解析：根据下文“a bigger message”可知，她是想传达信息。conveys“传达”。故选D项。
√
9．A.depth B．length
C．width D．breadth
解析：根据上文“swimming a full marathon's distance”可知，此处指一个完整马拉松的长度。故选B项。
√
10．A.persisted B．relaxed
C．faced D．paused
解析：根据上文“Despite encountering challenges like jellyfish stings”可知，尽管遇到了挑战，她都坚持下去，故选A项。
√
11．A.accomplishment B．betterment
C．management D．agreement
解析：根据“it's about community and global”可知，她关心的是改善社区和全球环境。accomplishment“成就”；betterment“改善”；management“管理”；agreement“协议”。故选B项。
√
12．A.training B．adventure
C．travel D．marathon
解析：在她的马拉松比赛期间，一个朋友在旁边划皮划艇，为她提供食物和水，并捡起她收集的垃圾。故选D项。
√
13．A.gathered B．shared
C．sorted D．pushed
解析：根据下文“the kayak held three bags full of trash”可知，她的朋友捡起了她收集的垃圾。故选A项。
√
14．A.miss B．review
C．break D．reach
解析：根据“aim to a bigger goal”可知，她行动的目的是实现更大的目标，故选D项。
√
15．A.various B．lasting
C．positive D．side
解析：Liivand的行动旨在实现一个更大的目标：这不仅仅是要取得成绩，而是要对世界产生积极的影响。故选C项。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空
“Save environment, save life” is 1 most common and important saying nowadays. Just by making a few small changes, we can make a big contribution and save our environment. When the entire society 2 (start) making these changes, we will create a beautiful world.
Start by 3 (turn) off the lights, TVs and other electrical items when we leave a room. If possible, avoid using a dryer but hang your clothes on a clothesline. Not only will you save power and reduce your contribution to 4 (globe) warming, but you will also have clothes that last longer.
Replace plastic bags with recycling paper bags. The white pollution is one of the 5 (big) environmental problems that are now troubling the whole world.
Environmental experts have said that planting trees 6 (be) the most effective way. If all of us plant trees, we will make the whole world green.
Aside from 7 is mentioned above, there are many things you can do as far as environmental 8 (protect) is concerned. Just pay attention to your own deeds that are contributing 9 the environmental problems on this planet. Just do your bit and it will make a big 10 (different)．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些日常生活中我们力所能及的保护环境的举措。
1．a 考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处指“一句最普通但也最重要的谚语”，故用不定冠词a，表示泛指。
2．starts 考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处为when引导的时间状语从句。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。
3．turning 考查非谓语动词。介词by后应用动词-ing形式作宾语，故填turning。
4．global 考查形容词。warming在此是名词，意为“变暖；升温”，修饰名词应用形容词global。
5．biggest 考查形容词最高级。“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”为固定结构，意为“……中最……之一”。此处应用形容词最高级，故填biggest。
6．is 考查时态和主谓一致。根据句意“环境专家说过植树是最有效的方法”可知，此处时态应与主句的时态保持一致，故用一般现在时；主语planting trees为动词-ing短语，谓语动词用单数。
7．what 考查名词性从句。根据句意可知，此处应用what引导宾语从句。
8．protection 考查名词。根据空前的形容词可知，设空处应用名词protection。
9．to 考查介词。contribute to为固定搭配，意为“促成，造成”。
10．difference 考查名词。形容词big应修饰名词，make a big difference是固定表达，意为“意义重大；产生重大影响”。
新学词汇·归类记清
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．the Mediterranean basin 地中海________
2．implement reforms __________改革
3．moderate exercise __________锻炼
4．tropical forests __________森林
5．nuclear power ____________能
6．walk through the jungle 步行穿过______
7．black smog 黑色的________
8．originate in the tropics ________于热带
9．an increasing volume of tourists 游客____的增加
10．garbage disposal ______________
11．industrial and commercial enterprises 工商__________
12．set up strict regulations 制定严格的____
13．a busy waterway 一条繁忙的____
14．built in agenda 既定__________
二、重点单词——写其形
1．__________ the social security system 改革社会保障体制
2．__________ heart surgery 接受心脏手术
3．an __________ meeting 年会
4．economic __________ 经济混乱
5．be __________ to heat 对热很敏感
6．__________ the river's original beauty恢复河流的原始美景
7．two __________ eggs 两打鸡蛋
8．__________ tourist organisations for abuses对旅游机构的违规行为进行处罚
9．launch a __________ 发起一场运动
三、活用单词——悉其变
四、拓展构词——明其规
1．harmonious：以 ious构成的形容词
[依“规”串记]
①precious 珍贵的 ②curious 好奇的
③anxious 焦虑的 ④serious 严肃的
2．conservation：以 ation构成的名词
[依“规”串记]
①information 信息 ②education 教育
③imagination 想象 ④realization 实现
五、高级词块——通其用
1．______________ 代表(代替)某人
2．______________ 导致
3．______________ 作为……的结果
4．______________ 实际上；有效；生效
5．______________ 执行
6．______________ 到目前为止
7．______________ 许多；很多
重点词汇·深化学习
1．In response to this environmental issue, China is implementing significant policies and measures to address climate change, aiming to restrict coal consumption, promote a harmonious relationship between man and nature, build a sustainable energy system, and advocate a moderate, green, and low carbon lifestyle.
针对这一环境问题，中国正在实施应对气候变化的重大政策和措施，旨在限制煤炭消费，促进人与自然之间的和谐关系，建立可持续的能源体系，倡导适度、绿色、低碳生活方式。
★harmonious adj.和谐的
[用法感知]
①It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
正是拥有真诚和信任我们才创造了一种和谐的气氛。
②(“环境保护”写作佳句)The only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
我们生存的唯一途径就是与自然和谐相处。
③It was obvious that the piano was out of harmony with the rest of the instruments.
很明显，钢琴(弹得)与其他乐器不协调。
[归纳点拨]
harmony n． 融洽；一致；和谐
in harmony with 与……融洽；与……一致；
与……和谐相处
out of harmony with 与……不协调/不一致
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/句型转换)
④The conversation was carried on in a ________ (harmony) and friendly atmosphere.
⑤Only in this way can we protect our environment and be ________ harmony with nature.
⑥To build a harmonious world, the developed countries should be in harmony with others.
→To build a harmonious world, the developed countries shouldn't ________________________________ others.
2．According to the report submitted by researchers, between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.
根据研究人员提交的报告，每年20%到25%的二氧化碳排放是由热带森林的破坏造成的。
★submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服
[用法感知]
①You have to submit your test scores, and you have to write some essays, like why you want to go to Tsinghua University.
你必须提交你的成绩单，还要写一些文章，像你为什么想去清华大学。
②(主旨升华句)No matter what challenge we were faced with, we would never submit (ourselves) to it.
无论面对什么挑战，我们都不会屈服。
③They prepared a report for submission to the Students' Union in their school.
他们准备了一份报告提交给他们学校的学生会。
[归纳点拨]
(1)submit ... to ... 把……提交/呈递……
submit (oneself) to ...
顺从于……；屈服于……
submit an application/a complaint
呈递申请书/提交投诉书
(2)submission n. 投降；提交(物)；服从
the deadline for submission
提交的最后期限
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④No one becomes a member of the team who is not prepared to submit __________ (he) to the rules of the team.
⑤Your monthly budget must be submitted __________ the company on the first day of each month.
⑥We think an attempt to force them into __________ (submit) would be lost.
⑦She ______________________________ yesterday and the company asked her in for an interview today.
她昨天递交了一份工作申请，公司让她今天去面试了。
3．Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic
为什么核能是一个敏感话题呢？
★sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的
[用法感知]
①It is well known that many kinds of animals are sensitive to natural disasters, especially before they come.
众所周知，很多种类的动物都对自然灾害很敏感，尤其在灾难来临前。
②You don't have to be sensitive about her comments; she means no harm.
你不必对她的评价太在意，她并没有恶意。
③I was sensible of the danger of her position and telephoned the police immediately.
我意识到她处境危险，立即给警察打了电话。
[归纳点拨]
(1)be sensitive to 对……敏感
be sensitive about 介意、在乎……
(2)sensible adj. 知道的；意识到的
be sensible of sth. 察觉到某事
(3)sensitively adv. 敏感地；易感知地
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④The nerve in this tooth is exposed, so it is sensitive ________ cold food.
⑤She is very sensitive __________ this topic, so we'd better not discuss it before her.
⑥She handled the matter __________ (sensitive).
⑦He has been sensible ________ the importance of study after the examination.
⑧I learned that fish are cold blooded animals and therefore ________________________________________________________________________.
我了解到鱼是冷血动物，因此它们对水温非常敏感。
4．The expression “smog” originated in Britain and means a combination of “smoke” and “fog”．
“smog”一词起源于英国，是“smoke”和“fog”组合而成的。
★originate vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立
[用法感知]
①Plum blossom, which tops the ten most famous flowers of China, originated in south China and has a planting history of more than 3,000 years.梅花位居中国十大名花之首，源于中国南方，已有三千多年的栽培历史。
②It is said that the version in the Palace Museum is the Song Dynasty original painting.
据说，故宫博物院里的版本是宋代的原画。
③(“景点介绍”写作佳句)The Xi'an City Wall was built originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored.西安城墙最初是在唐代修建的，用于保护城市，现已完全修复。
[归纳点拨]
(1)originate from 源于；来自
originate in 起源于；产生于
(2)original adj. 原始的；最初的；独创的；新颖的
originally adv. 最初；起初；本来
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④(2024·浙江1月高考)The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was __________ (origin) conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.
⑤My early intention of gardening may not have originated __________ my love for nature.
⑥Chopsticks, which symbolize unity and teamwork, are believed to have originated __________ ancient China.
⑦Theories ____________________ and in turn serve practice.
理论来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。
5．Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river's original beauty.
地方官员担心水污染对自然环境的破坏，认为必须采取紧急措施以恢复漓江昔日的美丽。
★restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复
[用法感知]
①(“环境保护”写作佳句)They will set up a new nature reserve in this area, in order to restore the unique forest habitat.他们将在该地区建立一个新的自然保护区，以恢复独特的森林栖息地。
②The authorities not only restored these preferential policies to us, but also restored our trust in the government.
当局不仅给我们恢复了这些优惠政策，也恢复了我们对政府的信任。
③The restoration of old buildings in major cities in the world costs numerous government expenditures. 世界主要城市对旧建筑的修复花费了大量的政府开支。
[归纳点拨]
(1)restore sth. 修复某物；使某物复原
restore sb./sth. to sth. 使复位；使复职；使复原
restore sth. (to ...) 归还某物(给……)
(2)restoration n. 恢复；归还
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④The __________ (restore) to the castle took a year and cost a lot of money.
⑤When a man is somewhat disturbed, the company of a friend will restore it ________ some degree of peace.
⑥We sincerely hope that you will soon ____________________.
我们真诚地希望你能早日康复。
⑦The police ____________________________ its owner. 警方已经把这幅画归还给了它的主人。
6．Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved.
几十家污染企业被关闭或搬迁。
★dozen n．(一)打；十二个
[用法感知]
①Half a dozen boys bought dozens of apples, which were sold by the dozen in the supermarket, and then sent them to the elderly in the nearby nursing house in dozens.
在那家超市苹果成打出售，六个男孩买了许多苹果，然后成打地送给了附近敬老院的老人。
归纳点拨 dozens of 很多；许多；几十个half a dozen 半打；六个by the dozen 成打地；按打计算in dozens＝in large numbers 大批；成打地
名师点津 (1)dozen，score，hundred，thousand，million等数词前面有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时，不加-s。例如： a few hundred meters 几百米，several million people 数百万人，two thousand teachers 两千位老师。(2)如表示“几百”“几千”“几百万”等笼统的数目时，则应加-s并与of构成短语。例如：hundreds of books 几百本书thousands of workers 几千名工人
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
②Having been performed for __________ (dozen) of times, that piece of music was rooted in our minds.
③Surprisingly, in that bookstore, books are sold ________ the dozen.
④The eggs were packed ________________.
鸡蛋是按打包装的。
⑤In England, sugar is sold by the pound, eggs ________________ and cloth by the yard.
在英国，糖是按磅卖的，蛋是按打卖的，布是按码卖的。
7．New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods.
同时也出台了关于游船路线和垃圾处理方法的新规定。
★disposal n．去掉；清除；处理
[用法感知]
①As consumers, people should take the responsibility to pay for rubbish disposal.
作为消费者，人们应该承担为垃圾处理买单的责任。
②Your idea at least disposes of the immediate problem.你的主意至少解决了眼前的问题。
③(“环境保护”写作佳句)In order to protect the environment, we should try not to use disposable bags.
为了保护环境，我们应该尽量不使用一次性袋子。
[归纳点拨]
(1)at one's disposal任某人处理；供某人任意使用；
由某人自行支配
(2)dispose v. 排列；布置；安排；使倾向于；
使有意于；使易于
dispose of 丢掉；处理；应付；解决；击败
(3)disposable adj. 一次性的；用完即丢的
[应用融会] (完成句子)
④His job is not only to __________________ but also to meet unexpected challenges.
他的工作不仅要处理问题而且也要应付突如其来的挑战。
⑤He will have a car ________________ for the whole month.
他将有一辆汽车归他使用一个月。
⑥It took her a mere 20 minutes to ________________________________.
她只用了20分钟就击败了对手。
1．Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.越来越多的生活和商业垃圾最终流入江中，加重了水污染程度。
本句中的with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river 是with复合结构，其中ending up in the river作宾补。
with复合结构的构成是：with＋宾语＋宾补。此结构可作定语，也可作状语，表示伴随、方式、条件、原因等。其具体构成如下：
①with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.
②with＋宾语＋动词不定式(表示动作将要发生)
③with＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动或动作正在进行)
④with＋宾语＋过去分词(表示被动或动作已经完成)
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
①Because a guide will show us around the scenic spots, we're sure to have a good time.
→________________________________， we're sure to have a good time.
②There are several problems remaining to be solved, so we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
→__________________________________， we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
③He concentrated his mind on his work and didn't notice what was happening outside.
→__________________________________，he didn't notice what was happening outside.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④有太多的工作要做，我焦虑得在床上翻来覆去，无法入睡。
________________________， I was so anxious that I tossed and turned on the bed，unable to fall asleep.
⑤我的提议得到了这么多人的支持，我双眉扬起，精神高涨。
____________________________________， my eyebrows danced and my spirit soared.
⑥门开着，出于好奇，我蹑手蹑脚地走进房间，突然一个声音从我身后传来，我吓得呆住了。
________________， I tiptoed into the room out of curiosity and a sudden voice behind me frightened me to freeze.
2．These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, causing a decrease in the number of fish species.
这些化学物质造成了严重的水质问题，导致鱼的种类减少。
本句中的causing a decrease in the number of fish species是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示意料之中的事。
(1)现在分词短语具有副词的特征，可充当时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果、方式以及让步状语。
(2)动词不定式通常放在only之后作结果状语，表示一种意料之外的结果。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
①An earthquake hit the area, and caused a great loss.
→An earthquake hit the area, ________________________________________________________________________.
②Newly built wooden cottages line the street.It turns the old town into a dreamland.
→Newly built wooden cottages line the street, ________________________________________________________________________.
③European football is played in 80 countries, which makes it the most popular sport in the world.
→European football is played in 80 countries, ________________________.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④首先，你有必要查阅一些有关中国传统文化的书籍，拓宽视野，并做好准备。
To begin with, it is necessary for you to consult some books concerning the traditional Chinese culture, ______________________ and well equipping yourself.
⑤另一方面，校服可以很容易地构建起学生间密切联系的桥梁，从而使他们更迅速地建立起友谊。
For another thing, the school uniform can bridge students' close connection easily, ____________________________________.
⑥我匆忙赶到火车站，却发现我的那班火车已经开走了。
I reached the station hurriedly，____________________________________.
Section Ⅳ
NO.1 积词汇
新学词汇·归类记清
一、1.盆地 2.实施 3.适度的 4.热带 5.核 6.丛林
7．烟雾 8.起源 9.数量 10.垃圾处理 11.企业
12．规章制度 13.航道 14.日程
二、1.reform 2.undergo 3.annual 4.chaos 5.sensitive
6．restore 7.dozen 8.fine 9.campaign
三、1.①harmonious ②harmony 2.①submit ②submission
3．①conservation ②conserve 4.①inspections ②inspect
5．①tolerate ②tolerance ③tolerant
五、1.on behalf of 2.contribute to 3.as a result of 4.in effect
5．carry out 6.so far 7.dozens of
重点词汇·深化学习
1．④harmonious ⑤in ⑥be out of harmony with
2．④himself ⑤to ⑥submission ⑦submitted a job application
3．④to ⑤about ⑥sensitively
⑦of ⑧they are very sensitive to water temperature
4．④originally ⑤from ⑥in ⑦originate from practice
5．④restoration ⑤to ⑥be restored to health
⑦have already restored the painting to
6．②dozens ③by ④in dozens ⑤by the dozen
7．④dispose of problems ⑤at his disposal
⑥dispose of her opponent
NO.2 通句式
1．①With a guide to show us around the scenic spots
②With several problems remaining to be solved
③With his mind concentrated on his work
④With too much work to do ⑤With my proposal supported by so many people ⑥With the door open
2．①causing a great loss ②turning the old town into a dreamland
③making it the most popular sport in the world
④broadening your horizons
⑤thus making them establish their friendship more quickly
⑥only to find that the train had already left
1 / 10UNIT 3 课时检测(四) 新知学习一课过
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．One method of soil __________ (保护) is the use of windbreaks.
2．These measures are intended to __________ (恢复) public confidence in the economy.
3．When he came to power, he had dozens of rules __________ (改革)．
4．__________ (垃圾) collection helps to protect the environment.
5．The smoking chimney pipes created __________ (烟雾) which was so strong that it choked some inhabitants.
6．Though refused __________ (很多) of times, the poor college graduate didn't give up.
7．The amount of the __________ (罚款) must be specified.
8．He said the findings would be useful in anti smoking __________ (运动)．
9．He wanted to promote the development of local __________ (企业)．
10．They have environmental issues high on their __________ (议事日程)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He is very strict in observing the ______________ (regulate)．
2．I can't tolerate ______________ (laugh) at in public.
3．Almost all problems can be found by visual ______________ (inspect)．
4．He ______________ (fine) 100 dollars for speeding.
5．My father was ill, so I ______________ (submit)the claim on behalf of him.
6．Bathed in a ______________ (harmony) atmosphere, I worked happily in the enterprise.
7．Today we will talk about the ______________ (originate) of the tea horse road.
8．Some young people are very sensitive ____________ their appearance.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．He ______________ the plan without difficulty.
2．Honesty and hard work ______________ success and happiness.
3．We have ______________ things to do now.
4．______________ his hard work, he has gained admission to Beijing University.
5．This kind of chocolate has been made several times ______________.
6．Please allow me to send the best regards and genuine greetings ______________ the school.
7．The old tax regulations will remain ____________ until next June.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．He lay on the grass _______________________________________________.
他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。
2．You'd better master some basic Chinese in advance, _________________________.
你最好提前掌握一些基础的汉语，这使你容易适应在北京的新生活。
3．________________ Chinese Calligraphy dates back to at least the Han Dynasty.
人们认为中国书法可以至少追溯到汉代。
4．Electric energy can be changed into light energy ________________________. (as well as)
电能既可以被转变成光能，又可以被转变成声能。
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
On May 7, “eco mermaid” Merle Liivand __1__her own world record by swimming a full marathon's distance with a single fin (鳍) in Biscayne Bay, Florida. When Merle Liivand was a child, she had health problems, and began swimming to help her lungs get __2__. In one training session, she nearly wound up swallowing some __3__ that was floating in the sea.
That __4__ made her think of all the sea animals who faced __5__ pollution every day. She decided to work to make people more aware of plastic pollution. Inspired by sea creatures, she began swimming with a special single swimming fin __6__ both of her feet. This single fin allows her to swim by __7__both of her legs together. She believes swimming with it __8__ “a bigger message”．
Since 2019, she's broken records, swimming vast distances — first in California, then in Florida, and this time swimming the __9__ of a full marathon. Despite encountering challenges like jellyfish stings, she __10__， collecting trash along her route. Her dedication extends beyond records; it's about community and global __11__.
During her __12__， a friend kayaked (划皮划艇) alongside, providing food and water and collecting the trash she __13__. By the end of her marathon, the kayak held three bags full of trash. Liivand's actions aim to __14___ a bigger goal: it's not just about achievements, but about making a __15__ impact on the world.
1．A.planned B．kept
C．broke D．prepared
2．A.stronger B．cleaner
C．lighter D．cooler
3．A.water B．plastic
C．sand D．metal
4．A.situation B．cleanup
C．disaster D．experience
5．A.different B．visible
C．similar D．challenging
6．A.attached to B．referred to
C．applied to D．devoted to
7．A.connecting B．removing
C．kicking D．wiping
8．A.hides B．marks
C．finds D．conveys
9．A.depth B．length
C．width D．breadth
10．A.persisted B．relaxed
C．faced D．paused
11．A.accomplishment B．betterment
C．management D．agreement
12．A.training B．adventure
C．travel D．marathon
13．A.gathered B．shared
C．sorted D．pushed
14．A.miss B．review
C．break D．reach
15．A.various B．lasting
C．positive D．side
Ⅱ.语法填空
“Save environment, save life” is __1__ most common and important saying nowadays. Just by making a few small changes, we can make a big contribution and save our environment. When the entire society __2__ (start) making these changes, we will create a beautiful world.
Start by __3__ (turn) off the lights, TVs and other electrical items when we leave a room. If possible, avoid using a dryer but hang your clothes on a clothesline. Not only will you save power and reduce your contribution to __4__ (globe) warming, but you will also have clothes that last longer.
Replace plastic bags with recycling paper bags. The white pollution is one of the __5__ (big) environmental problems that are now troubling the whole world.
Environmental experts have said that planting trees __6__ (be) the most effective way. If all of us plant trees, we will make the whole world green.
Aside from __7__ is mentioned above, there are many things you can do as far as environmental __8__ (protect) is concerned. Just pay attention to your own deeds that are contributing __9__ the environmental problems on this planet. Just do your bit and it will make a big __10__ (different)．
UNIT 3 课时检测(四)
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.1.conservation 2.restore 3.reformed 4.Garbage
5．smog 6.dozens 7.fine 8.campaigns 9.enterprises
10．agenda
Ⅱ.1.regulations 2.being laughed 3.inspection 4.was fined
5．submitted 6.harmonious 7.origination 8.about
Ⅲ.1.carried out 2.contribute to 3.dozens of 4.As a result of
5．so far 6.on behalf of 7.in effect
Ⅳ.1.with his eyes looking at the sky 2.making it easy for you to adjust to the new life in Beijing 3.It is believed that
4．as well as into sound energy
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是“生态美人鱼”Merle Liivand通过游泳马拉松来对抗海洋塑料污染的故事。
1．选C 根据下文“her own world record by swimming a full marathon's distance”可知，默尔·利万德通过游泳打破了自己的纪录，故选C项。
2．选A 根据上文“Liivand was a child, she had health problems”可知，她曾有健康问题，通过游泳让肺部更加强壮。故选A项。
3．选B 根据下文“She decided to work to make people more aware of plastic pollution.”可知，海中漂浮的是塑料，故选B项。
4．选D 根据上文“In one training session, she nearly wound up swallowing some ________ that was floating in the sea.”可知，她差点吞下漂浮在海里的塑料的经历让她想到了海洋生物每天面临这种污染，故选D项。
5．选C 那次经历让她想起了每天面临类似污染的所有海洋动物。故选C项。
6．选A 根据“she began swimming with a special single swimming fin”可知，鳍是被固定在她的脚上的。attached to“附于”。故选A项。
7．选C 根据“allows her to swim by ________ both of her legs together”可知，她蹬的是双腿，故选C项。
8．选D 根据下文“a bigger message”可知，她是想传达信息。conveys“传达”。故选D项。
9．选B 根据上文“swimming a full marathon's distance”可知，此处指一个完整马拉松的长度。故选B项。
10．选A 根据上文“Despite encountering challenges like jellyfish stings”可知，尽管遇到了挑战，她都坚持下去，故选A项。
11．选B 根据“it's about community and global”可知，她关心的是改善社区和全球环境。accomplishment“成就”；betterment“改善”；management“管理”；agreement“协议”。故选B项。
12．选D 在她的马拉松比赛期间，一个朋友在旁边划皮划艇，为她提供食物和水，并捡起她收集的垃圾。故选D项。
13．选A 根据下文“the kayak held three bags full of trash”可知，她的朋友捡起了她收集的垃圾。故选A项。
14．选D 根据“aim to ________ a bigger goal”可知，她行动的目的是实现更大的目标，故选D项。
15．选C Liivand的行动旨在实现一个更大的目标：这不仅仅是要取得成绩，而是要对世界产生积极的影响。故选C项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些日常生活中我们力所能及的保护环境的举措。
1．a 考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处指“一句最普通但也最重要的谚语”，故用不定冠词a，表示泛指。
2．starts 考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处为when引导的时间状语从句。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。
3．turning 考查非谓语动词。介词by后应用动词 ing形式作宾语，故填turning。
4．global 考查形容词。warming在此是名词，意为“变暖；升温”，修饰名词应用形容词global。
5．biggest 考查形容词最高级。“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”为固定结构，意为“……中最……之一”。此处应用形容词最高级，故填biggest。
6．is 考查时态和主谓一致。根据句意“环境专家说过植树是最有效的方法”可知，此处时态应与主句的时态保持一致，故用一般现在时；主语planting trees为动词 ing短语，谓语动词用单数。
7．what 考查名词性从句。根据句意可知，此处应用what引导宾语从句。
8．protection 考查名词。根据空前的形容词可知，设空处应用名词 protection。
9．to 考查介词。contribute to为固定搭配，意为“促成，造成”。
10．difference 考查名词。形容词big应修饰名词，make a big difference是固定表达，意为“意义重大；产生重大影响”。
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