Section Ⅴ Listening & Writing
教材听力“三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．______________ 处于危险中；处境危险
2．______________ 像汤一样浓
3．______________ 采取立即行动
4．______________ 对……有害
5．______________ 远离
6．originate in ______________
7．produce harmful emissions ______________
8．new energy efficient vehicles ______________
9．make some big changes ______________
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1．What is Ben Drake doing now？( )
A．He is on a radio talk show.
B．He is giving a speech.
C．He is writing a paper.
2．Which country was among the first countries to use coal？( )
A．France. B．Britain. C．Germany.
3．What are they talking about？( )
A．Coal. B．Technology. C．Smog.
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．“Smog” ____________________________ the words “smoke” and “fog”．
2．Britain was ____________________________ and factories and homes used lots of coal.
3．When burnt, the coal produced harmful emissions _____________________________.
4．The UK government ____________________________ in their homes.
5．We have to reduce smog and __________________ for everyone's health and wellbeing.
6．We should ____________________________________________， and we need to use new energy efficient vehicles.
听力素养“漫养成”
|掌握规律技法|
如何概括信息
在听力过程中，概括信息可以帮助你回顾听力信息中的关键点。为了概括完整，你必须边听边记下最重要的信息。在概括信息时，你需要尽可能地简明扼要，可以使用自己的话。概括信息需要考生对听到的内容进行整体的把握和全面的领会。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的，有时主旨大意较明显，有时则需要归纳。考生通常不仅要听清、听懂事实信息，还要精确理解具体细节、特殊信息，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、原因、目的、结果等。只有理解了具体信息才能对内容进行归纳概括，得出正确结论。
[典例] Where does the conversation probably take place
A．In a supermarket.
B．In the post office.
C．In the street.
[听力原文]
M：Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest supermarket
W：It's on Penny's Road. Go past the post office, and it's on your left.
[分析] 此题要求考生对听到的内容进行整体的把握和全面的领会。这段对话围绕“问路”这个中心展开，“Go past the post office, and it's on your left.”则是明显的指路用语。故可推测对话发生在街道上。所以答案选C。
|主题听力训练|
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What are the speakers mainly talking about？( )
A．Susan's budget.
B．Susan's work.
C．Susan's transportation.
2．How does Jim go to work？( )
A．On foot. B．By car. C．By bike.
3．What does the man write about first？( )
A．The forest fire.
B．The earthquake.
C．The rainforest.
4．How does the man know about animals？( )
A．From books.
B．On TV.
C．Through the Internet.
5．What are the speakers mainly talking about？( )
A．Traveling tips.
B．A book on wild animals.
C．Animals in Africa.
第二节
听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Why does Cindy use public transportation？( )
A．It is environmentally friendly.
B．It is quite economical.
C．It is convenient.
7．What are the speakers mainly talking about？( )
A．The different ways of getting around.
B．The experience of freedom.
C．The life in the suburbs.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Where did the ship turn over？( )
A．In the open sea near Romania.
B．In a port in Saudi Arabia.
C．In Port of Midia.
9．What happened after the ship turned over？( )
A．Some crew members died.
B．Most of the sheep died.
C．75 sheep were killed.
10．How did the man learn about some dying sheep last year？( )
A．From a newspaper.
B．From an online video.
C．From an article on the Internet.
|多积主题表达|
“环境保护”场景听力表达
1．environmental protection 环境保护
2．pollution control 污染控制
3．sustainable development 可持续发展
4．greenhouse effect 温室效应
5．global warming 全球变暖
6．air pollution 空气污染
7．endangered species 濒危物种
8．renewable energy 可再生能源
9．habitat destruction 栖息地破坏
10．We should use recycling bins to separate paper, plastic, and glass.
我们应该使用回收箱将纸张、塑料和玻璃分开。
11．Planting trees helps provide clean air for us to breathe.
种树有助于为我们提供清洁的空气来呼吸。
12．Let's remember to turn off the tap while brushing our teeth to save water.
在刷牙时记得关掉水龙头，节约用水。
13．Trash cans should be used to dispose of waste properly.
应该使用垃圾箱妥善处理废物。
14．Pollution control measures are essential to keep our environment clean.
污染控制措施对保持我们的环境清洁至关重要。
15．We must protect animals by not disturbing their habitats.
我们必须通过不干扰它们的栖息地来保护动物。
写作项目——Write a report on an environmental issue
本单元的写作任务是写一篇“关于环境问题的报告”。 报告是一种常见的应用文体，正文通常包括问题描述、问题产生的原因分析、解决问题的具体措施以及成效等。报告需要如实反映客观情况，提供的措施必须科学严谨，用词力求准确。
一、学写作架构
阅读课文，总结本课的篇章结构如下：
二、学写作手法
1．此类写作在阐述原因时，通常采用举例说明的写作手法，引发读者的关注和思考。
如第二段中“Many tour boats contributed to the problem too. Kitchens on board were using lots of oil, which was often thrown into the water. The growth in tourism also meant the local population rose rapidly, as well as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises.”
通过举例，说明游船、旅游业发展带来的人口增长和企业增加等因素是导致水污染的主要原因。
2．此类写作在描述措施时，通常采用列举说明的写作手法，清晰地展现了解决问题的具体做法。如第三段中“A comprehensive initiative was started, with a number of measures that addressed the issues. The construction of waste water treatment facilities improved the water quality and water conservation. The collection and transport of household waste was also improved. Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved.”通过列举具体的行动，如建设污水处理设施、改善垃圾收集和运输、关闭或迁移污染企业等，介绍了解决漓江污染的具体做法。
三、赏语言特色
1．报告的语言较为正式和客观，常使用一些专业术语，如本文中的“tourist destinations” “water pollution”等。
2．报告阐释问题时通过具体数据和描述来强调问题的严重性，如本文运用“an increasing volume of tourists, many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river”强调了游客数量的增加使漓江的水质严重恶化。
四、学逻辑衔接
此类文体在行文时经常使用很多表示因果关系、阐述问题和措施的词汇或表达方式。本文中使用了以下词汇和表达方式，使文章衔接顺畅，逻辑清晰。
cause and effect have negative effects on, suffer from, contribute to, in order to, lead to, cause
problems and solutions expressions urgent steps should be taken to ...A comprehensive initiative ...with a number of measures that addressed ...With these measures ...With such campaigns in effect ...
words improve, close, set up, introduce, spread, carry out，fine, preserve, tackle, head towards
cohesive words (衔接词) however, furthermore, at the same time, in addition
仿写训练/完成句子
①________________________ to protect the rare wild animals.
应该采取措施保护珍稀野生动物。
②A number of measures were taken to ________________________.
为解决这个问题采取了许多措施。
③____________________， the arts can bring communities together, reducing loneliness and making people feel safer.
此外，艺术可以让社区团结起来，减少孤独感，让人们感到更安全。
Write a report on an environmental issue
——写一篇关于环境问题的报告
第一步：构思谋篇
文体结构 首段 引入话题：点明环境问题及原因
中段 解决环境问题的具体措施
尾段 措施的成效及发起呼吁
时态和人称 以一般现在时和一般过去时为主；以第三人称为主
第二步：要点表达
第一部分：点明环境问题及原因
①Many beautiful rivers and lakes ____________________ the waste water from factories, and the polluted water even ______________ people as well as other living things.
许多美丽的河流和湖泊已经被工厂的废水污染，被污染的水甚至对人和其他的生物有害。
②The environment on our campus ________________________， with rubbish everywhere and a lot of graffiti on the walls.
我们校园的环境过去不太令人满意，到处都是垃圾，墙上乱涂乱画。
③________________， the earth keeps suffering from serious pollution, abuse of resources and illegal hunting，as a result of which, it is not the beautiful planet it used to be.众所周知，地球持续遭受严重污染、滥用资源和非法狩猎，因此，地球不再是过去那样美丽的星球了。
④At present, a great deal of rubbish is produced in some cities, such as leftover food, waste paper, plastic bottles and batteries, ____________________________________________________.
目前，在一些城市产生了大量的垃圾，如剩饭、废纸、塑料瓶、电池等，对环境造成了严重的影响。
第二部分：解决环境问题的具体措施
①We should recycle, reduce and reuse things, for this saves money and ________________.
我们应该回收、减少和重复使用一些东西，因为这样能节省钱，也能减少污染。
② ， the city government introduced the system of rubbish classification.
为了解决这个问题，市政府出台了垃圾分类制度。
③________________ the factories which pour waste water and the visitors who throw garbage into the lake will get fined.
毫无疑问，向湖里倾倒废水的工厂以及把垃圾扔进湖里的游客将被罚款。
第三部分：措施的成效及发起呼吁
1．措施的成效
①Fortunately, thanks to the launch of Environmental Protection Day, our campus ________________________ since then.
幸运的是，由于环保日的启动，我们的校园经历了巨大的变化。
②________________________________， now we're enjoying a cleaner campus, which has become a place where we can study and live comfortably. (with的复合结构)
随着更多的树和花的种植，现在我们正在享受一个更干净的校园，它已经成为一个我们可以舒适地学习和生活的地方。
③____________________， the waste has been scaled down efficiently.
结果，有效地减少了废物。
④Not only ______________________________ and recycle useful materials, but it can also facilitate a greener lifestyle and build a more eco friendly city.
垃圾分类不仅可以减少我们的浪费和回收有用的材料，而且还可以促进更绿色的生活方式和建设一个更环保的城市。
2．发起呼吁
①If everyone ________________________ protecting the environment, the earth will become much more beautiful.
如果每个人都为保护环境作出贡献，地球将变得更加美丽。
②________________________， I'm confident that our campus will become more and more beautiful. (with的复合结构)
通过付出更多的努力，我相信我们的校园会变得越来越美丽。
[针对练笔]
南湖公园是一处旅游胜地，但近年来受到严重的污染。当地政府采取了一些有效措施，使得污染情况有所减轻。请根据提示写一篇环境问题的报告。内容包括：
1．曾经的情景(景美、水清、鱼儿嬉戏)；
2．问题描述(游客乱扔垃圾、生产废水污染)；
3．当地政府已经采取措施来拯救南湖公园，情况有所好转。
根据括号内的汉语提示补全短文
South Lake Park is a place of interest，①__________________________ (那里的水曾经很清澈) and fishes swam happily.
Unfortunately，waste water from factories and hotels around ②______________________ (源源不断地注入湖中) day and night. Moreover, rubbish was often thrown into it by the visitors，③________________ (造成严重污染)．
Luckily，the local government realized the dangerous situation soon and ④____________________ (采取了一些有效措施). The factories were forced to move away. In addition, many workers are employed to clean the rubbish. The lake is ⑤__________________________ (逐渐恢复它的美丽)．
(一)写作佳句
Ⅰ.常用开头句
1．The water of ... in the past was clear to the bottom, calm without waves.
昔日的……，河水清澈见底，平静无波。
2．Nowadays, environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious all over the world and is threatening ...
当今世界，环境污染日益严重，威胁着……
Ⅱ.常用中间句
1．... have become so badly polluted that ... is unfit to drink or to use.
……已经被污染得如此严重，以至于……已经不适合饮用。
2．Our government has taken strict immediate measures to ...
我国政府已立即采取严格措施来……
3．Pollution is an issue that crosses national boundaries.
污染是一个不分国界的问题。
4．Fortunately, more and more people have realized these problems and have made a contribution to protecting the environment.
幸运的是，越来越多的人已经意识到了这些问题，并为保护环境做出了贡献。
Ⅲ.常用结束句
1．We need to work together to protect ...
我们需要一起努力来保护……
2．It is high time for us to take measures to prevent ...
该是我们采取措施来阻止……
3．It is our common desire to keep environmental pollution away from us.
让环境污染远离我们，这是我们共同的愿望。
4．Please get rid of bad habits, and do environmental protection guards to maintain this beautiful home!
请革除陋习，做环保卫士，共同来维护这个美丽的家园！
(二)主题语段
1．环境问题
This place has a terrible environmental problem. The air is filled with strong chemical smells, making it hard to breathe. Streets are littered with garbage, and pools are filled with waste. People often feel unwell. This environment poses a threat to our health.
这个地方的环境问题很糟糕。空气中弥漫着浓烈的化学气味，让人难以呼吸。街道上到处是垃圾，水池里满是垃圾。人们经常感觉到不舒服。这种环境对我们的健康造成了威胁。
2．改善环境的措施
We are taking steps to improve the environment. We have installed more trash cans and encourage people not to litter. Volunteers clean the park every week. We are also promoting recycling, such as turning old paper into new paper. We believe these efforts will make our environment better.
我们正在采取行动改善环境。我们安装了更多的垃圾桶，鼓励人们不要乱扔垃圾。志愿者每周清理公园。我们也在推广循环再利用，比如把废旧纸做成新纸。我们相信这些努力会让我们的环境变得更加美好。
Section Ⅴ
NO.1 练听说
教材听力“三关过”
一、1.at risk 2.as thick as soup 3.take immediate action
4．be harmful to 5.move away from 6.起源于；产生于
7．产生有害排放物 8.新型节能汽车 9.做出一些大的改变
二、1～3 ABC
三、1.comes from a combination of 2.one of the first industrial countries 3.which created lots of smog
4．ordered people not to burn coal 5.improve air quality
6．replace coal with cleaner forms of energy
听力素养“漫养成”
1～5 CCABB 6～10 AACBB
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
M：①Susan doesn't have a car. She gets around by bicycle.
W：Is she in a tight budget
M：That is not a matter of money. I think she just enjoys that kind of lifestyle.
(Text 2)
W：Hey, Jim. ②I didn't know you are biking to work.
M：Yeah, it helps keep me fit and helps the environment, too. One less car on the road means less pollution.
(Text 3)
W：Have you finished the report about the recent earthquake
M：Not yet. ③The boss asked me to write something about the forest fire first.
(Text 4)
W：Tim, I read your online article about animals. You really know a lot about them. You must read lots of books on them.
M：④Actually I like watching the Animal World program on TV. And I learn from it.
(Text 5)
W：⑤I was reading a nice book on wild animals when I was traveling in Africa.
M：⑤I wonder if it is the same book as I read last summer.
(Text 6)
M：Hey, Cindy. I'm going downtown. Do you want a ride
W：Wow, I haven't been in a car for a long time. That sounds great.
M：Yeah, I know. I always see you walking everywhere.
W：I've made the decision to live a car free life.
M：You don't have a car
W：No, ⑦I have a bicycle. I use public transportation. ⑥I'm really just trying to do everything I can to make the world a better place.
M：I live in the suburbs, so I have one, but ⑦ I do enjoy walking more and not driving when possible.
W：Well, let's take your car and head downtown. It will be a lot faster.
M：It will save you twenty minutes.
(Text 7)
W：Jason, have you read today's newspaper
M：No. I was surfing the Internet the whole morning. So what is in the paper
W：⑨A ship that was carrying 14,600 live sheep from Romania ⑧turned over in Port of Midia in Romania last week. The ship was sailing to Saudi Arabia.
M：I hope nobody died in it.
W：⑨The ship's crew were all saved. Several different groups worked to rescue the sheep, but at the end of several days, only around 75 sheep were saved.
M：That's really bad news. I don't think it's a good idea to move large numbers of live animals on ships.
W：I agree. Even when ships sail safely, the conditions often aren't good for animals.
M：You're right. ⑩I watched a video on the Internet in April last year. It showed thousands of sheep dying in the heat on a trip from Australia to the Middle East.
W：Poor animals! I don't think live animals can survive in such weather as today's in a ship.
M：Yes. The temperature is just too high in summer for both humans and animals.
NO.2 促写作
由教材学写作
四、①Measures should be taken ②address/tackle the problem ③Furthermore/In addition
写作项目指导
第二步：要点表达
第一部分：
①have been polluted by; does harm to
②used to be unsatisfactory ③As is known to all
④which has had a bad impact on our environment
第二部分：
①reduces pollution ②To tackle this issue
③There is no doubt that
第三部分：
1．①has experienced great changes
②With more trees and flowers planted ③As a consequence
④can garbage sorting decrease our waste
2．①makes a contribution to ②With more efforts made
针对练笔
①where water used to be clear ②was kept pouring into the lake
③causing serious pollution ④took some effective measures
⑤gradually restoring to its beauty
10 / 10(共100张PPT)
Section Ⅴ
Listening & Writing
NO 1
练听说/耳熟能详需要“多磨耳”
NO 2
促写作/写作增分途径“多仿写”
NO 3
课时跟踪检测
目 录
教材听力“三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1． 处于危险中；处境危险
2． 像汤一样浓
3． 采取立即行动
4． 对……有害
5． 远离
No.1 练听说/耳熟能详需要“多磨耳”
at risk
as thick as soup
take immediate action
be harmful to
move away from
6．originate in ______________
7．produce harmful emissions _______________
8．new energy-efficient vehicles ____________
9．make some big changes _________________
起源于；产生于
产生有害排放物
新型节能汽车
做出一些大的改变
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1．What is Ben Drake doing now
A．He is on a radio talk show.
B．He is giving a speech.
C．He is writing a paper.
√
2．Which country was among the first countries to use coal
A．France. B．Britain. C．Germany.
3．What are they talking about
A．Coal. B．Technology. C．Smog.
√
√
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．“Smog” the words “smoke” and “fog”．
2．Britain was and factories and homes used lots of coal.
3．When burnt, the coal produced harmful emissions ______ __________________.
comes from a combination of
one of the first industrial countries
which
created lots of smog
4．The UK government in their homes.
5．We have to reduce smog and for everyone's health and wellbeing.
6．We should , and we need to use new energy-efficient vehicles.
ordered people not to burn coal
improve air quality
replace coal with cleaner forms of energy
听力素养“漫养成”
|掌握规律技法|
如何概括信息
在听力过程中，概括信息可以帮助你回顾听力信息中的关键点。为了概括完整，你必须边听边记下最重要的信息。在概括信息时，你需要尽可能地简明扼要，可以使用自己的话。概括信息需要考生对听到的内容进行整体的把握和全面的领会。
任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的，有时主旨大意较明显，有时则需要归纳。考生通常不仅要听清、听懂事实信息，还要精确理解具体细节、特殊信息，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、原因、目的、结果等。只有理解了具体信息才能对内容进行归纳概括，得出正确结论。
[典例] Where does the conversation probably take place
A．In a supermarket.
B．In the post office.
C．In the street.
[听力原文]
M：Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest supermarket
W：It's on Penny's Road. Go past the post office, and it's on your left.
[分析] 此题要求考生对听到的内容进行整体的把握和全面的领会。这段对话围绕“问路”这个中心展开，“Go past the post office, and it's on your left.”则是明显的指路用语。故可推测对话发生在街道上。所以答案选C。
|主题听力训练|
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Susan's budget. B．Susan's work.
C．Susan's transportation.
√
2．How does Jim go to work
A．On foot. B．By car. C．By bike.
3．What does the man write about first
A．The forest fire.
B．The earthquake.
C．The rainforest.
√
√
4．How does the man know about animals
A．From books.
B．On TV.
C．Through the Internet.
√
5．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Traveling tips.
B．A book on wild animals.
C．Animals in Africa.
√
第二节
听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Why does Cindy use public transportation
A．It is environmentally-friendly.
B．It is quite economical.
C．It is convenient.
√
7．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．The different ways of getting around.
B．The experience of freedom.
C．The life in the suburbs.
√
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Where did the ship turn over
A．In the open sea near Romania.
B．In a port in Saudi Arabia.
C．In Port of Midia.
√
9．What happened after the ship turned over
A．Some crew members died.
B．Most of the sheep died.
C．75 sheep were killed.
√
10．How did the man learn about some dying sheep last year
A．From a newspaper.
B．From an online video.
C．From an article on the Internet.
√
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
M：①Susan doesn't have a car. She gets around by bicycle.
W：Is she in a tight budget
M：That is not a matter of money. I think she just enjoys that kind of lifestyle.
(Text 2)
W：Hey, Jim. ②I didn't know you are biking to work.
M：Yeah, it helps keep me fit and helps the environment, too. One less car on the road means less pollution.
(Text 3)
W：Have you finished the report about the recent earthquake
M：Not yet. ③The boss asked me to write something about the forest fire first.
(Text 4)
W：Tim, I read your online article about animals. You really know a lot about them. You must read lots of books on them.
M：④Actually I like watching the Animal World program on TV. And I learn from it.
(Text 5)
W：⑤I was reading a nice book on wild animals when I was traveling in Africa.
M：⑤I wonder if it is the same book as I read last summer.
(Text 6)
M：Hey, Cindy. I'm going downtown. Do you want a ride
W：Wow, I haven't been in a car for a long time. That sounds great.
M：Yeah, I know. I always see you walking everywhere.
W：I've made the decision to live a car-free life.
M：You don't have a car
W：No, ⑦I have a bicycle. I use public transportation. ⑥I'm really just trying to do everything I can to make the world a better place.
M：I live in the suburbs, so I have one, but ⑦ I do enjoy walking more and not driving when possible.
W：Well, let's take your car and head downtown. It will be a lot faster.
M：It will save you twenty minutes.
(Text 7)
W：Jason, have you read today's newspaper
M：No. I was surfing the Internet the whole morning. So what is in the paper
W：⑨A ship that was carrying 14,600 live sheep from Romania ⑧turned over in Port of Midia in Romania last week. The ship was sailing to Saudi Arabia.
M：I hope nobody died in it.
W：⑨The ship's crew were all saved. Several different groups worked to rescue the sheep, but at the end of several days, only around 75 sheep were saved.
M：That's really bad news. I don't think it's a good idea to move large numbers of live animals on ships.
W：I agree. Even when ships sail safely, the conditions often aren't good for animals.
M：You're right. ⑩I watched a video on the Internet in April last year. It showed thousands of sheep dying in the heat on a trip from Australia to the Middle East.
W：Poor animals! I don't think live animals can survive in such weather as today's in a ship.
M：Yes. The temperature is just too high in summer for both humans and animals.
|多积主题表达|
“环境保护”场景听力表达
1．environmental protection 环境保护
2．pollution control 污染控制
3．sustainable development 可持续发展
4．greenhouse effect 温室效应
5．global warming 全球变暖
6．air pollution 空气污染
7．endangered species 濒危物种
8．renewable energy 可再生能源
9．habitat destruction 栖息地破坏
10．We should use recycling bins to separate paper, plastic, and glass.
我们应该使用回收箱将纸张、塑料和玻璃分开。
11．Planting trees helps provide clean air for us to breathe.
种树有助于为我们提供清洁的空气来呼吸。
12．Let's remember to turn off the tap while brushing our teeth to save water.
在刷牙时记得关掉水龙头，节约用水。
13．Trash cans should be used to dispose of waste properly.
应该使用垃圾箱妥善处理废物。
14．Pollution control measures are essential to keep our environment clean.
污染控制措施对保持我们的环境清洁至关重要。
15．We must protect animals by not disturbing their habitats.
我们必须通过不干扰它们的栖息地来保护动物。
写作项目——Write a report on an environmental issue
本单元的写作任务是写一篇“关于环境问题的报告”。 报告是一种常见的应用文体，正文通常包括问题描述、问题产生的原因分析、解决问题的具体措施以及成效等。报告需要如实反映客观情况，提供的措施必须科学严谨，用词力求准确。
No.2 促写作/写作增分途径“多仿写”
由教材学写作
一、学写作架构
阅读课文，总结本课的篇章结构如下：
二、学写作手法
1．此类写作在阐述原因时，通常采用举例说明的写作手法，引发读者的关注和思考。
如第二段中“Many tour boats contributed to the problem too. Kitchens on board were using lots of oil, which was often thrown into the water. The growth in tourism also meant the local population rose rapidly, as well as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises.”通过举例，说明游船、旅游业发展带来的人口增长和企业增加等因素是导致水污染的主要原因。
2．此类写作在描述措施时，通常采用列举说明的写作手法，清晰地展现了解决问题的具体做法。如第三段中“A comprehensive initiative was started, with a number of measures that addressed the issues. The construction of waste water treatment facilities improved the water quality and water conservation. The collection and transport of household waste was also improved. Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved.”通过列举具体的行动，如建设污水处理设施、改善垃圾收集和运输、关闭或迁移污染企业等，介绍了解决漓江污染的具体做法。
三、赏语言特色
1．报告的语言较为正式和客观，常使用一些专业术语，如本文中的“tourist destinations” “water pollution”等。
2．报告阐释问题时通过具体数据和描述来强调问题的严重性，如本文运用“an increasing volume of tourists, many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river”强调了游客数量的增加使漓江的水质严重恶化。
四、学逻辑衔接
此类文体在行文时经常使用很多表示因果关系、阐述问题和措施的词汇或表达方式。本文中使用了以下词汇和表达方式，使文章衔接顺畅，逻辑清晰。
cause and effect have negative effects on, suffer from, contribute to, in order to, lead to, cause problems and solutions expressions urgent steps should be taken to ...
A comprehensive initiative ...
with a number of measures that addressed ...
With these measures ...
With such campaigns in effect ...
续表
problems and solutions words improve, close, set up, introduce, spread, carry out，fine, preserve, tackle, head towards
cohesive words (衔接词) however, furthermore, at the same time, in addition 仿写训练/完成句子
① to protect the rare wild animals.
应该采取措施保护珍稀野生动物。
②A number of measures were taken to .
为解决这个问题采取了许多措施。
Measures should be taken
address/tackle the problem
③ ，the arts can bring communities together, reducing loneliness and making people feel safer.
此外，艺术可以让社区团结起来，减少孤独感，让人们感到更安全。
Furthermore/In addition
写作项目指导
Write a report on an environmental issue
——写一篇关于环境问题的报告
第一步：构思谋篇
文体结构 首段 引入话题：点明环境问题及原因
中段 解决环境问题的具体措施
尾段 措施的成效及发起呼吁
时态和人称 以一般现在时和一般过去时为主；以第三人称为主 第二步：要点表达
第一部分：点明环境问题及原因
①Many beautiful rivers and lakes the waste water from factories, and the polluted water even people as well as other living things.
许多美丽的河流和湖泊已经被工厂的废水污染，被污染的水甚至对人和其他的生物有害。
have been polluted by
does harm to
②The environment on our campus ，with rubbish everywhere and a lot of graffiti on the walls.
我们校园的环境过去不太令人满意，到处都是垃圾，墙上乱涂乱画。
③ ，the earth keeps suffering from serious pollution, abuse of resources and illegal hunting，as a result of which, it is not the beautiful planet it used to be.
众所周知，地球持续遭受严重污染、滥用资源和非法狩猎，因此，地球不再是过去那样美丽的星球了。
used to be unsatisfactory
As is known to all
④At present, a great deal of rubbish is produced in some cities, such as leftover food, waste paper, plastic bottles and batteries, .
目前，在一些城市产生了大量的垃圾，如剩饭、废纸、塑料瓶、电池等，对环境造成了严重的影响。
which has had a bad impact on our environment
第二部分：解决环境问题的具体措施
①We should recycle, reduce and reuse things, for this saves money and .
我们应该回收、减少和重复使用一些东西，因为这样能节省钱，也能减少污染。
② , the city government introduced the system of rubbish classification.
为了解决这个问题，市政府出台了垃圾分类制度。
reduces pollution
To tackle this issue
③ the factories which pour waste water and the visitors who throw garbage into the lake will get fined.
毫无疑问，向湖里倾倒废水的工厂以及把垃圾扔进湖里的游客将被罚款。
There is no doubt that
第三部分：措施的成效及发起呼吁
1．措施的成效
①Fortunately, thanks to the launch of Environmental Protection Day, our campus since then.
幸运的是，由于环保日的启动，我们的校园经历了巨大的变化。
has experienced great changes
② ， now we're enjoying a cleaner campus, which has become a place where we can study and live comfortably. (with的复合结构)
随着更多的树和花的种植，现在我们正在享受一个更干净的校园，它已经成为一个我们可以舒适地学习和生活的地方。
With more trees and flowers planted
③ ，the waste has been scaled down efficiently.
结果，有效地减少了废物。
④Not only and recycle useful materials, but it can also facilitate a greener lifestyle and build a more eco-friendly city.
垃圾分类不仅可以减少我们的浪费和回收有用的材料，而且还可以促进更绿色的生活方式和建设一个更环保的城市。
As a consequence
can garbage sorting decrease our waste
2．发起呼吁
①If everyone protecting the environment, the earth will become much more beautiful.
如果每个人都为保护环境作出贡献，地球将变得更加美丽。
② ，I'm confident that our campus will become more and more beautiful. (with的复合结构)
通过付出更多的努力，我相信我们的校园会变得越来越美丽。
makes a contribution to
With more efforts made
[针对练笔]
南湖公园是一处旅游胜地，但近年来受到严重的污染。当地政府采取了一些有效措施，使得污染情况有所减轻。请根据提示写一篇环境问题的报告。内容包括：
1．曾经的情景(景美、水清、鱼儿嬉戏)；
2．问题描述(游客乱扔垃圾、生产废水污染)；
3．当地政府已经采取措施来拯救南湖公园，情况有所好转。
根据括号内的汉语提示补全短文
South Lake Park is a place of interest，①________________ __________(那里的水曾经很清澈) and fishes swam happily.
Unfortunately，waste water from factories and hotels around ② (源源不断地注入湖中) day and night. Moreover, rubbish was often thrown into it by the visitors，③ (造成严重污染)．
where water used
was kept pouring into the lake
causing serious pollution
to be clear
Luckily，the local government realized the dangerous situation soon and ④ (采取了一些有效措施). The factories were forced to move away. In addition, many workers are employed to clean the rubbish. The lake is ⑤ (逐渐恢复它的美丽)．
took some effective measures
gradually restoring to its beauty
写作素材储备
(一)写作佳句
Ⅰ.常用开头句
1．The water of ... in the past was clear to the bottom, calm without waves.
昔日的……，河水清澈见底，平静无波。
2．Nowadays, environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious all over the world and is threatening ...
当今世界，环境污染日益严重，威胁着……
Ⅱ.常用中间句
1．... have become so badly polluted that ... is unfit to drink or to use.
……已经被污染得如此严重，以至于……已经不适合饮用。
2．Our government has taken strict immediate measures to ...
我国政府已立即采取严格措施来……
3．Pollution is an issue that crosses national boundaries.污染是一个不分国界的问题。
4．Fortunately, more and more people have realized these problems and have made a contribution to protecting the environment.
幸运的是，越来越多的人已经意识到了这些问题，并为保护环境做出了贡献。
Ⅲ.常用结束句
1．We need to work together to protect ...
我们需要一起努力来保护……
2．It is high time for us to take measures to prevent ...
该是我们采取措施来阻止……
3．It is our common desire to keep environmental pollution away from us.
让环境污染远离我们，这是我们共同的愿望。
4．Please get rid of bad habits, and do environmental protection guards to maintain this beautiful home!
请革除陋习，做环保卫士，共同来维护这个美丽的家园！
(二)主题语段
1．环境问题
This place has a terrible environmental problem. The air is filled with strong chemical smells, making it hard to breathe. Streets are littered with garbage, and pools are filled with waste. People often feel unwell. This environment poses a threat to our health.
这个地方的环境问题很糟糕。空气中弥漫着浓烈的化学气味，让人难以呼吸。街道上到处是垃圾，水池里满是垃圾。人们经常感觉到不舒服。这种环境对我们的健康造成了威胁。
2．改善环境的措施
We are taking steps to improve the environment. We have installed more trash cans and encourage people not to litter. Volunteers clean the park every week. We are also promoting recycling, such as turning old paper into new paper. We believe these efforts will make our environment better.
我们正在采取行动改善环境。我们安装了更多的垃圾桶，鼓励人们不要乱扔垃圾。志愿者每周清理公园。我们也在推广循环再利用，比如把废旧纸做成新纸。我们相信这些努力会让我们的环境变得更加美好。
[写作专项训练]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．However, has become our eternal memory!
可是，这样亮丽的风景已成为我们永恒的回忆！
No.3 课时跟踪检测
such beautiful scenery
2．Forest destruction, water and air pollution _________________ ___the decrease of planting land and increase of unpleasant weather.
森林破坏、水和空气污染导致种植业土地减少并使恶劣天气增加。
result in/contribute
to
3．In recent years, of population and the rapid development of industry, the harmful waste water keeps permeating into the soil.
近年来，由于人口急剧增长，工业迅猛发展，有害废水不断地向土壤中渗透。
4．Don't become the last drop of water on the earth.
不要让我们的眼泪成为地球上的最后一滴水。
due to the rapid growth
let our tears
5．The earth is our home and we take care of it for ourselves and for our later generations.
地球是我们的家园，我们有责任为我们自己和我们的后代去照顾它。
6．I hope each of us should and our home will become better and better.
我希望我们每个人都能尽自己的一份力量来保护我们的地球，我们的家园会变得越来越好。
have the duty/responsibility to
do our part to protect our earth
Ⅱ.补全短文
Nowadays, with the economy developing, the area surrounding my hometown ① (被严重污染)．
has been badly polluted
Many of us have to ② (呼吸被污染的空气) and drink some polluted water.In other words, we ③_________ _____________ (几乎被……包围) bad pollution each day.The local government has taken some measures, which has improved the situation, such as ④__________________________________________ __________(增强人们的环境保护意识) and making rules and laws.
breathe in the polluted air
are nearly
strengthening people's awareness of environmental
surrounded by
protection
As far as I'm concerned, each person should do his part to protect the environment.⑤ (只有用这种办法我们才有美好的未来)．
Only in this way will we have a good future
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你将代表学校参加国际高中生环境保护论坛。请你根据以下要点写一篇发言稿。内容包括：
1．环境保护的紧迫性；2．如何开展环境保护；
3．呼吁大家积极参与。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：论坛forum
参考范文：
Good morning, everyone!
I'm Li Hua, and I am very glad to be here to attend the international senior high students' environment protection forum to share my opinions on behalf of our school.
Nowadays, all kinds of pollution can be seen everywhere, which is threatening our health. Even worse, some rare animals and plants are on the verge of extinction due to severe destruction of the environment.
So it's time for us to take action! Many ways are available for us, such as saving every drop of water, taking a bus or public transportation instead of driving private cars, recycling plastic bags, refusing to use disposable chopsticks and so on.
Do your part and it can make a big difference!
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a lovely spring morning. The sky was blue, the sun was out, and the air was warm. As I drove along the curvy roads, I saw thousands of wild flowers in bloom and some volunteers picking up trash along the side of the road. I smiled as I saw them doing some “Spring Cleaning” for our Mother Earth and my mind was cast back to the spring day long long ago.
When my children were younger, we used to walk a small trail around the lake near our home. One spring day, my daughter and I noticed much trash was lying along the trail. The next day we brought a big trash bag with us and started to pick up the trash along the way slowly. There were pop cans, plastic water bottles, wrappers for candy bars, empty chip bags, pieces of broken fishing line, and even an old deserted shoe. We picked up each one and even fished a few pieces of garbage out of the water. By the time we had circled the lake, the bag was nearly full.
Tired but happy, we finally put the bag in an empty trash can. Before we headed home, we took one last look at the lake. It looked more beautiful than ever and I felt like the angels were smiling at us at that moment.
I realized that though environmental pollution is still serious, the truth is that every time we stop to pick up a single piece of trash, it will make a difference. So from then on I planned to take further action to keep the environment clean.
When we were back home, my family discussed how to clear the rubbish regularly. My daughter positively suggested that we should fix a time to do our cleaning. Considering the specific situation of each family member, we finally decided to clean up the garbage on the weekend. My younger son also made good suggestions, such as putting up signs to remind people to protect the environment. Both of my children were very excited about this plan.
注意：1.续写词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答，重点描写家人清理垃圾的过程。
The following weekend, we put our plan into practice.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
参考范文：
The following weekend, we put our plan into practice.We set out with the signs we had made in advance and put them up as we picked up the trash. In this way, we hoped to remind people to pay attention to the environmental protection. It happened that on that day we ran into the same people who were willingly picking up the garbage last time. They spoke highly of our behavior. What's more, they decided to join us and pick up the trash with us every weekend. Thus, our team was growing.
[阅读拓展训练]
Recycling Electronic Waste
When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping (丢弃) cell phones in the garbage.This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies and people.
Alex was really worried and decided to make it next project for WIN — the Westerly Innovations Network.Alex and six of his friends had formed this organization to help solve community problems two years before.
But what could they do about this project with e-waste The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans.They learned how to dispose of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled.Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to properly dispose of it.
Alex and his friends went into action.They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot.The drive lasted two days, and they collected over 9,500 kilograms of e-waste.
The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town.After some research, they'd learned that reusing is the best way to deal with electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling.So, they began learning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn't have their own.In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time.
For a lasting solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasn't enough.Laws would have to be passed.In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste.The bill clearly forbids the dumping of e-waste.
Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste.As Alex says, “Today's technology should not become tomorrow's harmful garbage.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了几个十几岁的年轻人为了避免电子垃圾对环境造成的影响，想办法循环利用电子垃圾的故事。
1．What was Alex's worry after he read the article
A．The littering of e-waste.
B．The recycling of plastic.
C．The change of environment.
D．The overuse of old computers.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an ... in the garbage.”可知，Alex看完这篇文章后担心的是乱扔电子垃圾的现象。故选A项。
2．What did Alex do to start the project
A．He set up WIN.
B．He collected information.
C．He asked friends for help.
D．He carried out a survey.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句“But what could they do ... and their effects on humans.”可知，Alex通过收集信息的方式来开始这个项目。故选B项。
√
3．Which can best describe the way Alex and his team did their work
A．Traditional. B．Competitive.
C．Scientific. D．Convenient.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章对Alex和他的团队在安全处理电子垃圾的工作中获得了成功推断出，Alex和他的团队的工作方式是科学的。故选C项。
√
4．What message does the story convey
A．There is no end to perfection.
B．Success comes through failure.
C．Every positive attitude has a reward.
D．Young people can make a big difference.
√
解析：主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了几个十几岁的年轻人为了避免电子垃圾对环境造成的影响，想办法循环利用电子垃圾的故事，并最终获得了成功，让越来越多的人知道了关于安全处理电子垃圾的信息。故选D项。UNIT 3 课时检测(五) Listening & Writing
[写作专项训练]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．However, ____________________has become our eternal memory!
可是，这样亮丽的风景已成为我们永恒的回忆！
2．Forest destruction, water and air pollution ____________________ the decrease of planting land and increase of unpleasant weather.
森林破坏、水和空气污染导致种植业土地减少并使恶劣天气增加。
3．In recent years, _____________________________of population and the rapid development of industry, the harmful waste water keeps permeating into the soil.
近年来，由于人口急剧增长，工业迅猛发展，有害废水不断地向土壤中渗透。
4．Don't ________________ become the last drop of water on the earth.
不要让我们的眼泪成为地球上的最后一滴水。
5．The earth is our home and we ________________________________ take care of it for ourselves and for our later generations.
地球是我们的家园，我们有责任为我们自己和我们的后代去照顾它。
6．I hope each of us should ____________________ and our home will become better and better.
我希望我们每个人都能尽自己的一份力量来保护我们的地球，我们的家园会变得越来越好。
Ⅱ.补全短文
Nowadays, with the economy developing, the area surrounding my hometown ①____________________ (被严重污染)．
Many of us have to ②____________________ (呼吸被污染的空气) and drink some polluted water.In other words, we ③__________________ (几乎被……包围) bad pollution each day.The local government has taken some measures, which has improved the situation, such as ④________________________________ (增强人们的环境保护意识) and making rules and laws.
As far as I'm concerned, each person should do his part to protect the environment.⑤____________________ (只有用这种办法我们才有美好的未来)．
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你将代表学校参加国际高中生环境保护论坛。请你根据以下要点写一篇发言稿。内容包括：
1．环境保护的紧迫性； 2.如何开展环境保护；
3．呼吁大家积极参与。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：论坛forum
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a lovely spring morning. The sky was blue, the sun was out, and the air was warm. As I drove along the curvy roads, I saw thousands of wild flowers in bloom and some volunteers picking up trash along the side of the road. I smiled as I saw them doing some “Spring Cleaning” for our Mother Earth and my mind was cast back to the spring day long long ago.
When my children were younger, we used to walk a small trail around the lake near our home. One spring day, my daughter and I noticed much trash was lying along the trail. The next day we brought a big trash bag with us and started to pick up the trash along the way slowly. There were pop cans, plastic water bottles, wrappers for candy bars, empty chip bags, pieces of broken fishing line, and even an old deserted shoe. We picked up each one and even fished a few pieces of garbage out of the water. By the time we had circled the lake, the bag was nearly full.
Tired but happy, we finally put the bag in an empty trash can. Before we headed home, we took one last look at the lake. It looked more beautiful than ever and I felt like the angels were smiling at us at that moment.
I realized that though environmental pollution is still serious, the truth is that every time we stop to pick up a single piece of trash, it will make a difference. So from then on I planned to take further action to keep the environment clean.
When we were back home, my family discussed how to clear the rubbish regularly. My daughter positively suggested that we should fix a time to do our cleaning. Considering the specific situation of each family member, we finally decided to clean up the garbage on the weekend. My younger son also made good suggestions, such as putting up signs to remind people to protect the environment. Both of my children were very excited about this plan.
注意：1.续写词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答，重点描写家人清理垃圾的过程。
The following weekend, we put our plan into practice.
[阅读拓展训练]
Recycling Electronic Waste
When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping (丢弃) cell phones in the garbage.This was dangerous because e waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies and people.
Alex was really worried and decided to make it next project for WIN — the Westerly Innovations Network.Alex and six of his friends had formed this organization to help solve community problems two years before.
But what could they do about this project with e waste The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e waste and their effects on humans.They learned how to dispose of e waste properly and how it could be recycled.Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e waste was, let alone how to properly dispose of it.
Alex and his friends went into action.They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot.The drive lasted two days, and they collected over 9,500 kilograms of e waste.
The next step was to set up a long term e waste drop off center for the town.After some research, they'd learned that reusing is the best way to deal with electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling.So, they began learning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn't have their own.In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time.
For a lasting solution to e waste, the drop off center wasn't enough.Laws would have to be passed.In 2016, WIN helped push for an e waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e waste.The bill clearly forbids the dumping of e waste.
Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e waste.As Alex says, “Today's technology should not become tomorrow's harmful garbage.”
1．What was Alex's worry after he read the article
A．The littering of e waste.
B．The recycling of plastic.
C．The change of environment.
D．The overuse of old computers.
2．What did Alex do to start the project
A．He set up WIN.
B．He collected information.
C．He asked friends for help.
D．He carried out a survey.
3．Which can best describe the way Alex and his team did their work
A．Traditional. B．Competitive.
C．Scientific. D．Convenient.
4．What message does the story convey
A．There is no end to perfection.
B．Success comes through failure.
C．Every positive attitude has a reward.
D．Young people can make a big difference.
UNIT 3 课时检测(五)
[写作专项训练]
Ⅰ.1.such beautiful scenery 2.result in/contribute to
3．due to the rapid growth 4.let our tears 5.have the duty/responsibility to 6.do our part to protect our earth
Ⅱ.①has been badly polluted ②breathe in the polluted air
③are nearly surrounded by
④strengthening people's awareness of environmental protection
⑤Only in this way will we have a good future
Ⅲ.应用文写作(参考范文)
Good morning, everyone!
I'm Li Hua, and I am very glad to be here to attend the international senior high students' environment protection forum to share my opinions on behalf of our school.
Nowadays, all kinds of pollution can be seen everywhere, which is threatening our health. Even worse, some rare animals and plants are on the verge of extinction due to severe destruction of the environment.
So it's time for us to take action! Many ways are available for us, such as saving every drop of water, taking a bus or public transportation instead of driving private cars, recycling plastic bags, refusing to use disposable chopsticks and so on.
Do your part and it can make a big difference!
Ⅳ.读后续写(参考范文)
The following weekend, we put our plan into practice.We set out with the signs we had made in advance and put them up as we picked up the trash. In this way, we hoped to remind people to pay attention to the environmental protection. It happened that on that day we ran into the same people who were willingly picking up the garbage last time. They spoke highly of our behavior. What's more, they decided to join us and pick up the trash with us every weekend. Thus, our team was growing.
[阅读拓展训练]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了几个十几岁的年轻人为了避免电子垃圾对环境造成的影响，想办法循环利用电子垃圾的故事。
1．选A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an ... in the garbage.”可知，Alex看完这篇文章后担心的是乱扔电子垃圾的现象。故选A项。
2．选B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句“But what could they do ... and their effects on humans.”可知，Alex通过收集信息的方式来开始这个项目。故选B项。
3．选C 推理判断题。根据文章对Alex和他的团队在安全处理电子垃圾的工作中获得了成功推断出，Alex和他的团队的工作方式是科学的。故选C项。
4．选D 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了几个十几岁的年轻人为了避免电子垃圾对环境造成的影响，想办法循环利用电子垃圾的故事，并最终获得了成功，让越来越多的人知道了关于安全处理电子垃圾的信息。故选D项。
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