Section Ⅲ Learning About Language
(语法项目——现在完成进行时)
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
I have been hearing① a strange sound for a while. It's a deep, loud roar, like a lion's. But there aren't any lions here. Soon I see what is making/has been making② the noise: a howler monkey. Now I feel less worried. Realising that something is moving on my shoulder, I turn my head to look at it. It's a giant spider! I brush it off and it runs under some leaves. I try to bat away the huge insects, which have been flying③ around my head in a black cloud for quite a while.I pull off the headset and I'm back in my living room.This is an amazing experience and a reminder of how many species there are in the rain forest. We must do all we can to protect it.
①使用现在完成进行时，表示听到这个奇怪的声音已经有一段时间，可能还会持续下去；
②使用现在进行时或现在完成进行时，表示这个声音正在进行，或已经进行一段时间；
③使用现在完成进行时，表示这些昆虫已经在“我”头上飞了一段时间，可能还会持续下去。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、现在完成进行时的概念与构成
1．概念：现在完成进行时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在，中间没有间断过，动作到现在可能已经结束，也可能还会持续下去。
2．构成：has/have (not)＋been＋现在分词(该时态无被动语态)。
He has been working for two hours.
他已经工作两个小时了。
He hasn't been working since he was out of work one month ago.
自从一个月前失业以来，他一直没有工作。
二、现在完成进行时的具体用法
1．表示发生在过去的动作一直持续到现在，动作有可能已停止，也有可能会持续下去。
It has been raining since last Sunday.
自上周日以来就一直在下雨。(雨可能继续下)
Why are your clothes so dirty What have you been doing
你的衣服怎么这么脏？你在做什么？(动作已经结束)
2．表示一个从过去延续到现在，不断重复发生的动作。
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.(动作反复)
她从八岁起就一直打网球。
[图解助记]
[对点练] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers ________ (rise) for some time.
②—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks.It's because I ______________ (practise) a lot these days.
③The students ______________ the exam since last week.自上周以来学生们一直在准备考试。
三、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
1．在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时的动作不一定已经完成，很可能持续下去，而现在完成时一般表示动作已经完成。现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，而现在完成时强调动作的结果。
He has cleaned the window.
他已经把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成，窗户干净了)
He has been cleaning the window.
他一直在擦窗户。(动作不一定完成，强调“擦”这个动作一直在进行)
2．现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，而现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复。
I've been taking part in races for four years.
我这四年一直在参加比赛。
How many races have you taken part in
你参加过多少场比赛了？
3．现在完成进行时带有一种感彩，可使表达生动，而现在完成时通常只陈述事实、影响或结果，不带感彩。
I have read the book.
我已经读了这本书。(陈述事实)
I have been reading the book.
我一直在读这本书。(对这本书感兴趣)
[对点练] (用所给动词的正确时态填空)
①(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao __________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain.
②(2024·浙江1月高考)Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份)．
③You must be tired now since you __________ (work) for five hours.
四、不能用现在完成进行时的情况
1．某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时，只能用现在完成时。如see, hear, know, have, like, be等。
他已经感冒两个星期了。
(×)He has been having a cold for two weeks.
(√)He has had a cold for two weeks.
2．不具有延续意义的动词。如finish, come, go, marry等不能用于现在完成进行时。
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It is the most instructive lecture that I __________ (attend) since I came to this school.
2．The two friends __________ (chat) on the Internet for three hours，and they will go on till next morning.
3．Careful people may notice that the unemployment rate __________(rise) in recent years.
4．In order to find the missing child，villagers __________(do) all they can over the past five hours.
5．In recent years, great changes __________ (take) place in my hometown.
6．We __________ (advertise) in all the local papers for a nurse companion，but with no result to date.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．Your clothes are covered with dust.You ______________________________ just now，I think.
你的衣服满是灰尘。我想你刚才一直在打扫教室吧。
2．You look thin and tired.You must ____________________________ recently.
你看起来又瘦又累，你近来一定在努力工作。
3．I __________________________________ about recruitment from the newspaper recently.
我最近一直在从报纸上看有关招聘的信息。
4．Because many effective measures have been taken, ____________________________________________________.
因为已经采取了许多有效措施，环境已经被极大地改善了。
5．The little boy is dirty from head to foot ______________________ in the mud all the morning.
这个小男孩从头到脚都很脏，因为他整个早上都一直在泥巴里玩。
Section Ⅲ
慧学语法
二、[对点练] ①have been rising ②have been practising
③have been preparing for
三、[对点练] ①has walked ②have started ③have been working
活用语法
Ⅰ.1.have attended 2.have been chatting 3.has been rising
4．have been doing 5.have taken 6.have been advertising
Ⅱ.1.have been cleaning the classroom 2.have been working too hard 3.have been reading the information 4.the environment has been improved a lot 5.because he has been playing
4 / 4(共48张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Learning About Language
课时跟踪检测
目 录
(语法项目——现在完成进行时)
I have been hearing① a strange sound for a while. It's a deep, loud roar, like a lion's. But there aren't any lions here. Soon I see what is making/has been making② the noise: a howler monkey. Now I feel less worried.
(语法项目——现在完成进行时)
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
Realising that something is moving on my shoulder, I turn my head to look at it. It's a giant spider! I brush it off and it runs under some leaves. I try to bat away the huge insects, which have been flying③ around my head in a black cloud for quite a while.I pull off the headset and I'm back in my living room.This is an amazing experience and a reminder of how many species there are in the rain forest. We must do all we can to protect it.
①使用现在完成进行时，表示听到这个奇怪的声音已经有一段时间，可能还会持续下去；
②使用现在进行时或现在完成进行时，表示这个声音正在进行，或已经进行一段时间；
③使用现在完成进行时，表示这些昆虫已经在“我”头上飞了一段时间，可能还会持续下去。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、现在完成进行时的概念与构成
1．概念：现在完成进行时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在，中间没有间断过，动作到现在可能已经结束，也可能还会持续下去。
2．构成：has/have (not)＋been＋现在分词(该时态无被动语态)。
He has been working for two hours.
他已经工作两个小时了。
He hasn't been working since he was out of work one month ago.
自从一个月前失业以来，他一直没有工作。
二、现在完成进行时的具体用法
1．表示发生在过去的动作一直持续到现在，动作有可能已停止，也有可能会持续下去。
It has been raining since last Sunday.
自上周日以来就一直在下雨。(雨可能继续下)
Why are your clothes so dirty What have you been doing
你的衣服怎么这么脏？你在做什么？(动作已经结束)
2．表示一个从过去延续到现在，不断重复发生的动作。
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.(动作反复)
她从八岁起就一直打网球。
[图解助记]
[对点练] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers (rise) for some time.
②—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks.It's because I (practise) a lot these days.
③The students the exam since last week.
自上周以来学生们一直在准备考试。
have been rising
have been practising
have been preparing for
三、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
1．在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时的动作不一定已经完成，很可能持续下去，而现在完成时一般表示动作已经完成。现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，而现在完成时强调动作的结果。
He has cleaned the window.
他已经把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成，窗户干净了)
He has been cleaning the window.
他一直在擦窗户。(动作不一定完成，强调“擦”这个动作一直在进行)
2．现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，而现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复。
I've been taking part in races for four years.
我这四年一直在参加比赛。
How many races have you taken part in
你参加过多少场比赛了？
3．现在完成进行时带有一种感彩，可使表达生动，而现在完成时通常只陈述事实、影响或结果，不带感彩。
I have read the book.
我已经读了这本书。(陈述事实)
I have been reading the book.
我一直在读这本书。(对这本书感兴趣)
[对点练] (用所给动词的正确时态填空)
①(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain.
②(2024·浙江1月高考)Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____________(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份)．
③You must be tired now since you (work) for five hours.
has walked
have started
have been working
四、不能用现在完成进行时的情况
1．某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时，只能用现在完成时。如see, hear, know, have, like, be等。
他已经感冒两个星期了。
(×)He has been having a cold for two weeks.
(√)He has had a cold for two weeks.
2．不具有延续意义的动词。如finish, come, go, marry等不能用于现在完成进行时。
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It is the most instructive lecture that I (attend) since I came to this school.
2．The two friends (chat) on the Internet for three hours，and they will go on till next morning.
3．Careful people may notice that the unemployment rate ______________(rise) in recent years.
have attended
have been chatting
has been rising
4．In order to find the missing child，villagers (do) all they can over the past five hours.
5．In recent years, great changes (take) place in my hometown.
6．We (advertise) in all the local papers for a nurse-companion，but with no result to date.
have been doing
have taken
have been advertising
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．Your clothes are covered with dust.You __________________ _____________ just now，I think.
你的衣服满是灰尘。我想你刚才一直在打扫教室吧。
2．You look thin and tired.You must ____________________ _____recently.
你看起来又瘦又累，你近来一定在努力工作。
have been cleaning
have been working too
the classroom
hard
3．I about recruitment from the newspaper recently.
我最近一直在从报纸上看有关招聘的信息。
4．Because many effective measures have been taken, _____ _________________________________.
因为已经采取了许多有效措施，环境已经被极大地改善了。
have been reading the information
the
environment has been improved a lot
5．The little boy is dirty from head to foot _______________ ____________in the mud all the morning.
这个小男孩从头到脚都很脏，因为他整个早上都一直在泥巴里玩。
because he has
been playing
课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
When I turned 12, I started hiding how I looked with jackets and oversized T-shirts for fear of comments about my body.I wouldn't talk about things I loved because I was afraid that people would think I was odd for liking them or that I was talking too much.
At the age of 14, I'd had what I now know were panic attacks over grades in the middle of the hallways in school, or in loud, crowded queues in theme parks.This led to some long talks with my parents and failed meetings with my school advisors, And I eventually decided it was time for me to try mental therapy (治疗)．
I still remember going to my first therapy session, almost four years ago.Before I went to it, I feared it'd be scary, but I was wrong.The first few sessions were just used for the two of us to get to know each other.The following few sessions were used for me to figure out why I was there.I tested fairly high on the anxiety scale.and ever since then I've kept going there.Two years later, I started going there every two weeks rather than every week.My anxiety levels have gone up and down because of exams, issues with friends and just plain old bad days.For now though，they seem to remain stable for the most part.
To this day, I still think that going to therapy was one of the best decisions I've made so far in life.From the first session that I attended to the last one I went to, I've learned so many life skills and coping strategies that I use at least once a week.
I've always said to my friends and family that they should try therapy if it's necessary.For people suffering panic attacks, going to therapy means talking to someone who you know won't judge you about anything, who won't tell anyone about what you say or how you feel, and who helps you understand yourself and your life.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述作者自己的经历和感受，描述了她在成长过程中面临的心理问题和寻求心理治疗的过程。
1．What was the author's problem when she was 12
A．She had a poor relationship with classmates.
B．She had a strange dressing style.
C．She would run into anxiety easily.
D．She lost interest in studying.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“When I turned 12 ...talking too much.”可知，作者12岁的时候，刻意隐藏自己，怕别人说她，所以是很容易陷入焦虑。故选C项。
√
2．What's the probable result of the author's talking to her parents and school advisors
A．They helped find the cause of her panic attacks.
B．They failed to help her get out of her trouble.
C．They strongly advised her to see a doctor.
D．They lost patience with her.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“This led to some long talks with my parents and failed meetings with my school advisors, And I eventually decided it was time for me to try mental therapy (治疗)．”可知，作者与她的父母和学校顾问交谈的可能结果是他们没能帮助她摆脱困境。故选B项。
3．What can we know about the author's therapy according to paragraph 3
A．It had negative side effects on the author.
B．It was effective in helping keep his anxiety scales steady.
C．It strengthened the author's confidence quickly.
D．It offered solutions to problems of school and friendship.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Two years later ...the most part.”可知，作者的焦虑水平在很大程度上保持稳定。由此推知，作者的治疗方法有效地帮助她保持了焦虑量表的稳定。故选B项。
4．Why does the author most probably share her experience in the text
A．To teach us to better, understand ourselves.
B．To give tips on ways to overcome anxiety.
C．To explain the working process of mental therapy.
D．To encourage readers to accept therapy if necessary.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“To this day ...at least once a week.”以及最后一段“I've always said to my friends and family that they should try therapy if it's necessary.”可推知，作者分享她的经历，是为了鼓励读者在必要时接受治疗。故选D项。
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式完成短文
My wish is ① (go) to a key university. I ②_________________ (study) for many years. But I am poor in English since I ③ (go) to junior school. My English teacher told me to insist on ④__________ (listen) and writing. I ⑤ (learn) English every morning to improve it. Because I ⑥ (waste) a lot of time, it was hard to catch up with other students.
have been studying
went
to go
listening
have been learning
have wasted
After ⑦ (go) to high school, I ⑧ (stay) up late into the night and ⑨ (get) up early in the morning. I ⑩ (write) two compositions every day. I think I should spare no effort to improve my English and achieve my dream.
going
have been staying
have been getting
have been writing
Ⅲ.语法填空
China's space project sets sail for the sea of stars
The Mengtian lab module (舱) successfully 1 (join) the Tianhe core module and the Wentian lab module at China's space station Tiangong on the early morning of Tuesday.
Mengtian is the 2 (two) lab module of the space station and the first one is Wentian that was connected with Tianhe 3 (previous). With the two lab modules now docked (对接) with the core module, the T-shaped structure of the space station 4 (take) shape up to now. The space station has entered its final construction stage as 5 (plan)．
This smooth progress should be owed to scientists and engineers and all those 6 devotion and hard work has made the space station 7 reality. China has never abandoned its ambition of acquiring advanced space capabilities and becoming a pioneer in the exploration of space, so as 8 (help) expand our knowledge of the universe.
China's pride in its space achievements is also an expression of thanks 9 all people who have made contributions. The insistence on the space missions being well-prepared, well-organized and well-implemented (有效执行) has been the 10 (found) on which China's aerospace industry has continually reached new heights.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了梦天实验舱助力中国载人航天逐梦星辰大海。
1．joined 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“on the early morning of Tuesday”可知，此处应用一般过去时。
2．second 考查序数词。根据语境和空后的“the first one”可知，空处表示“第二个”。
3．previously 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词。
4．has taken 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“up to now”可知，此处应用现在完成时；又由于主语为单数且与take是主动关系，故填has taken。
5．planned 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是状语从句as is planned的省略，故用过去分词。
6．whose 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，且在从句中作定语，故填whose。
7．a 考查冠词。reality“事实；现实事件”为可数名词，应用不定冠词表泛指。
8．to help 考查非谓语动词。根据语境和空前的“so as”可知，空处表目的，应用不定式，故填to help。so as to do sth.“为了做某事”。
9．to 考查介词。thanks to sb. for sth.“因某事感谢某人”是固定用法。空后是表示人的all people。
10．foundation 考查名词。根据空前的“the”和空后的“on which”可知，空处应用名词，故填foundation“根据；基础”。
Ⅳ.应用文写作
我校将举办“My Story of Courage and Determination”的英语演讲比赛，请你结合自己的经历，写一篇演讲稿，讲述你在成长过程中关于勇气与决心的故事。内容包括：
1．故事发生的过程；
2．这件事给你的启发。
请根据汉语提示补全习作：
Good morning, everyone，
My topic today is “My Story of Courage and Determination”．① (说到勇气和决心), I will never forget the first time when I learned how to ride a bike.
When it comes to courage and determination
At the beginning，②_____________________________________ (父亲扶着自行车的后部), I rode happily and safely.After some time, my father told me to ride independently.③______________________ (虽然有点害怕), I gave it a try.It was tougher than I had expected.After several attempts, I finally rode the bike steadily.At that moment，④ (我感觉自己在飞翔)．
with father holding the back of the bike
Though a little scared
I felt like I was flying
Whenever I meet with difficulties, this experience inspires me to be courageous and determined.Since I learned how to ride a bicycle, ⑤__________________________________________________________ _______(我发现了前所未有的美丽景色) along the way.
That's all.Thanks for your listening.
I have been discovering beautiful scenery that I have never seen
beforeUNIT 4 课时检测(三) Learning About Language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
When I turned 12, I started hiding how I looked with jackets and oversized T shirts for fear of comments about my body.I wouldn't talk about things I loved because I was afraid that people would think I was odd for liking them or that I was talking too much.
At the age of 14, I'd had what I now know were panic attacks over grades in the middle of the hallways in school, or in loud, crowded queues in theme parks.This led to some long talks with my parents and failed meetings with my school advisors, And I eventually decided it was time for me to try mental therapy (治疗)．
I still remember going to my first therapy session, almost four years ago.Before I went to it, I feared it'd be scary, but I was wrong.The first few sessions were just used for the two of us to get to know each other.The following few sessions were used for me to figure out why I was there.I tested fairly high on the anxiety scale.and ever since then I've kept going there.Two years later, I started going there every two weeks rather than every week.My anxiety levels have gone up and down because of exams, issues with friends and just plain old bad days.For now though，they seem to remain stable for the most part.
To this day, I still think that going to therapy was one of the best decisions I've made so far in life.From the first session that I attended to the last one I went to, I've learned so many life skills and coping strategies that I use at least once a week.
I've always said to my friends and family that they should try therapy if it's necessary.For people suffering panic attacks, going to therapy means talking to someone who you know won't judge you about anything, who won't tell anyone about what you say or how you feel, and who helps you understand yourself and your life.
1．What was the author's problem when she was 12
A．She had a poor relationship with classmates.
B．She had a strange dressing style.
C．She would run into anxiety easily.
D．She lost interest in studying.
2．What's the probable result of the author's talking to her parents and school advisors
A．They helped find the cause of her panic attacks.
B．They failed to help her get out of her trouble.
C．They strongly advised her to see a doctor.
D．They lost patience with her.
3．What can we know about the author's therapy according to paragraph 3
A．It had negative side effects on the author.
B．It was effective in helping keep his anxiety scales steady.
C．It strengthened the author's confidence quickly.
D．It offered solutions to problems of school and friendship.
4．Why does the author most probably share her experience in the text
A．To teach us to better, understand ourselves.
B．To give tips on ways to overcome anxiety.
C．To explain the working process of mental therapy.
D．To encourage readers to accept therapy if necessary.
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式完成短文
My wish is ①__________ (go) to a key university. I ②__________ (study) for many years. But I am poor in English since I ③__________ (go) to junior school. My English teacher told me to insist on ④__________ (listen) and writing. I ⑤__________ (learn) English every morning to improve it. Because I ⑥__________ (waste) a lot of time, it was hard to catch up with other students. After ⑦________ (go) to high school, I ⑧________ (stay) up late into the night and ⑨__________ (get) up early in the morning. I ⑩__________ (write) two compositions every day. I think I should spare no effort to improve my English and achieve my dream.
Ⅲ.语法填空
China's space project sets sail for the sea of stars
The Mengtian lab module (舱) successfully __1__ (join) the Tianhe core module and the Wentian lab module at China's space station Tiangong on the early morning of Tuesday.
Mengtian is the __2__ (two) lab module of the space station and the first one is Wentian that was connected with Tianhe __3__ (previous). With the two lab modules now docked (对接) with the core module, the T shaped structure of the space station __4__ (take) shape up to now. The space station has entered its final construction stage as __5__ (plan)．
This smooth progress should be owed to scientists and engineers and all those __6__ devotion and hard work has made the space station __7__ reality. China has never abandoned its ambition of acquiring advanced space capabilities and becoming a pioneer in the exploration of space, so as __8__ (help) expand our knowledge of the universe. China's pride in its space achievements is also an expression of thanks __9__ all people who have made contributions. The insistence on the space missions being well prepared, well organized and well implemented (有效执行) has been the __10__ (found) on which China's aerospace industry has continually reached new heights.
Ⅳ.应用文写作
我校将举办“My Story of Courage and Determination”的英语演讲比赛，请你结合自己的经历，写一篇演讲稿，讲述你在成长过程中关于勇气与决心的故事。内容包括：
1．故事发生的过程；
2．这件事给你的启发。
请根据汉语提示补全习作：
Good morning, everyone，
My topic today is “My Story of Courage and Determination”．①________________________________________ (说到勇气和决心), I will never forget the first time when I learned how to ride a bike.
At the beginning，②____________________________________ (父亲扶着自行车的后部), I rode happily and safely.After some time, my father told me to ride independently.③____________________(虽然有点害怕), I gave it a try.It was tougher than I had expected.After several attempts, I finally rode the bike steadily.At that moment，④__________________________ (我感觉自己在飞翔)．
Whenever I meet with difficulties, this experience inspires me to be courageous and determined.Since I learned how to ride a bicycle, ⑤______________________________________________________________ (我发现了前所未有的美丽景色) along the way.
That's all.Thanks for your listening.
UNIT 4 课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述作者自己的经历和感受，描述了她在成长过程中面临的心理问题和寻求心理治疗的过程。
1．选C 细节理解题。根据第一段“When I turned 12 ...talking too much.”可知，作者12岁的时候，刻意隐藏自己，怕别人说她，所以是很容易陷入焦虑。故选C项。
2．选B 细节理解题。根据第二段“This led to some long talks with my parents and failed meetings with my school advisors, And I eventually decided it was time for me to try mental therapy (治疗)．”可知，作者与她的父母和学校顾问交谈的可能结果是他们没能帮助她摆脱困境。故选B项。
3．选B 推理判断题。根据第三段“Two years later ...the most part.”可知，作者的焦虑水平在很大程度上保持稳定。由此推知，作者的治疗方法有效地帮助她保持了焦虑量表的稳定。故选B项。
4．选D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“To this day ...at least once a week.”以及最后一段“I've always said to my friends and family that they should try therapy if it's necessary.”可推知，作者分享她的经历，是为了鼓励读者在必要时接受治疗。故选D项。
Ⅱ.①to go ②have been studying ③went ④listening
⑤have been learning ⑥have wasted ⑦going
⑧have been staying ⑨have been getting ⑩have been writing
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了梦天实验舱助力中国载人航天逐梦星辰大海。
1．joined 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“on the early morning of Tuesday”可知，此处应用一般过去时。
2．second 考查序数词。根据语境和空后的“the first one”可知，空处表示“第二个”。
3．previously 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词。
4．has taken 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“up to now”可知，此处应用现在完成时；又由于主语为单数且与take是主动关系，故填has taken。
5．planned 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是状语从句as is planned的省略，故用过去分词。
6．whose 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，且在从句中作定语，故填whose。
7．a 考查冠词。reality“事实；现实事件”为可数名词，应用不定冠词表泛指。
8．to help 考查非谓语动词。根据语境和空前的“so as”可知，空处表目的，应用不定式，故填to help。so as to do sth.“为了做某事”。
9．to 考查介词。thanks to sb. for sth.“因某事感谢某人”是固定用法。空后是表示人的all people。
10．foundation 考查名词。根据空前的“the”和空后的“on which”可知，空处应用名词，故填foundation“根据；基础”。
Ⅳ.①When it comes to courage and determination ②with father holding the back of the bike ③Though a little scared
④I felt like I was flying ⑤I have been discovering beautiful scenery that I have never seen before
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