(共84张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Learning About Language Using Language
新知学习一课过
NO 1
积词汇/由记准到用活
NO 2
通句式/由规则到熟用
NO 3
课时跟踪检测
目 录
新学词汇·归类记清
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．an annoying rumour 一则让人恼怒的______
2．two hundred grammes of flour 200_______
3．a 3,000-seat venue 一个3 000座的_____
No.1 积词汇/由记准到用活
谣言
克面粉
场地
4．the salary of a salesman 一位_______的薪水
5．be more blurred 更加 ________
6．the leather seat _____座椅
7．the main panel 主____
8．forwards an inch then immediately backwards
向前一_____然后立刻_____
售货员
模糊不清
真皮
板
英寸
向后
9．grip the lever _____操纵杆
10．go hazy 变得_____
11．my naughty niece 我淘气的__________
12．her beautiful handkerchief 她的漂亮的_____
13．with a sudden jolt 突然的_____
14．flip a coin _____一个硬币
紧握
模糊
侄女/外甥女
手帕
震动
轻抛
二、重点单词——写其形
1．taxi ____ 出租车费
2．on a daily or ______ basis 每天或每周
3．become _______ 变得更高级
4．most of our ______ 我们大部分的体力劳动
fare
weekly
superior
labour
5．come in to _____ something 进来取东西
6．a bright _____ 一盏明亮的灯
7．my _____ grows faster 我的步伐加快
8．at _________speed 以最快的速度
9．be ________for moment 一时惊呆了
fetch
lamp
pace
maximum
stunned
三、活用单词——悉其变
presume
presumption
calculate
calculator
calculation
divided
division
urge
urgent
urgency
random
randomly
explode
explosion
mud
muddy
四、拓展构词——明其规
1．division：以“-sion”结尾的名词
[依“规”串记]
①conclusion 推论；结束
②admission 承认；准许进入
③permission 允许
④revision 复习
2．overstatement：“v.＋-ment”→n.
[依“规”串记]
①disagreement 分歧 ②advertisement 广告
③statement 陈述 ④argument 争论
五、高级词块——通其用
1．___________ 根据；以……的方式(基准)
2．____________ 事物的利与弊；支持与反对
3．__________ 比……更好；更胜一筹
4．__________ 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
on a ...basis
pros and cons
superior to
take over
5．___________ 与……冲突或抵触
6．_______ 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
7．_________ (逐渐)减少；消失
8．_____________ 有强烈的欲望做某事
9．______ 升起
10．_________ 只要
conflict with
turn out
fall away
have an urge to
rise up
so long as
重点词汇·深化学习
1．money paid for work or services，typically on a daily or weekly basis
通常以每天或每周的方式为工作或服务支付的钱
★on a ...basis根据；以……的方式(基准)
[用法感知]
①I am saving money on a regular basis with the aim of buying a house of my own.
我正在定期存钱，目的是买一套属于我自己的房子。
②(“人物介绍”写作佳句)She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications.
根据资历她获选承担这项工作。
③Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.
理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。
[归纳点拨]
(1)on the basis of 根据；在……的基础上；基于
(2)base vt. 以……为据点；把……设在
n. 基础；基部；基地
base ...on/upon 把……建立在……的基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础/根据
[应用融会] (单句语法填空)
④We're going to be meeting there ___ a regular basis.
⑤You should base your conclusion _______ careful research.
⑥Is it safe to predict the result ___ the basis of one opinion poll
⑦(2024·北京高考) ______ (base) on the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified.
on
on/upon
on
Based
2．In sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over.
在科幻小说中，机器人往往会变得更优秀并占据主导地位。
★superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
[用法感知]
①The new product is beyond all praise and has quickly taken over the market on account of its superior quality.
这款新产品获得了极高的赞扬，并且因其更好的质量而迅速占领了市场。
②(“人际关系”写作佳句)Each member has their own advantages, but if we work together, we can produce something new, unique and superior to that of any one member.
每个成员都有自己的优势，但如果我们共同努力，我们能生产出新颖、独特的产品来，且比任何一个成员生产的更胜一筹。
[归纳点拨]
superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹(to为介词)
be inferior to 次于；劣于
be senior to 比……年长；比……地位高
be junior to 比……年轻；比……地位低
[应用融会] (完成句子)
③At the appraising meeting, experts stated this method was __________ others.
鉴定会上，专家们指出这种方法优于其他方法。
④I am three years _______ him while you are three years ________ him.
我比他大三岁，而你比他小三岁。
superior to
senior to
junior to
★take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
[用法感知]
①(“演讲”类写作佳句)Technology is here to help us, but we should not allow it to take over our lives.
技术是来帮助我们的，但我们不应该让它来主宰我们的生活。
②Cars gradually took over from horses.
汽车逐渐替代了马匹。
[归纳点拨]
take up 占用(时间/空间)；开始从事；拿起；接受
take off 脱掉(衣服)；起飞；突然大受欢迎
take in 吸收；理解；包括；接纳；欺骗
take on 呈现(面貌)；具有(特征)；雇用
[应用融会] (完成句子)
③The newly launched electronic newspaper has really _________.
新发行的电子报真的很受欢迎。
④I could hardly _______ what you said.
我几乎听不懂你说的话。
taken off
take in
⑤The village has ________a new look thanks to the good economic policies from the government.
多亏了政府好的经济政策，那个村庄已经呈现出新的面貌。
⑥The manager announced at the meeting that Mr Black would ______________ and deal with everyday affairs in the company when he was absent.
经理在会议上宣布说当他不在的时候，布莱克先生将接管他的工作，处理公司的日常事务。
taken on
take over his job
3．A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the first law.
机器人必须服从人类给予的命令，除非这些命令与第一定律相冲突。
★conflict with与……冲突或抵触
[用法感知]
①She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
她发现在将来的职业问题上与父母有冲突。
②Meghan's plan has conflicted with mine.She asks to go to the park but I'm occupied with my work.
梅根的计划与我的计划相冲突。她要求去公园，但我忙于工作。
[归纳点拨]
conflict n． 矛盾；冲突
vi. 冲突；抵触
in conflict with 和……有矛盾/不一致
come into conflict with 与……产生冲突/有分歧
[应用融会] (完成句子)
③The changes are sure to ___________ the old traditions, so we must give it a second thought.
变化一定与旧的传统相冲突，所以我们一定要三思。
④It is a statement _____________ other evidence.
这一陈述与其他证词不一致。
conflict with
in conflict with
4．Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。
★turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
[用法感知]
①Even the students who used to dislike English have turned out to be interested in the subject.
甚至那些过去不喜欢英语的学生结果也对这门学科感兴趣了。
②I was positive that things were going to turn out fine.
我确信事情会好起来的。
③If you're strictly concerned about saving energy, you should turn your lights out when you're not using them.
如果你十分关注节能，你应该在不用灯的时候把它们关掉。
[归纳点拨]
turn up 出现；露面；开大(音量等)
turn over 翻转；移交
turn down 调低(音量等)；拒绝
turn to 转向；翻到；求助于；致力于
[应用融会] (完成句子)
④The boy tried to join the army, but _______________ for his young age.
那个男孩想参军，但是因为年龄小而被拒绝了。
⑤We arranged to meet at 7：30, but she never __________.
我们约好了7：30见面，但她根本没露面。
was turned down
turned up
⑥The job ______________ harder than we thought.
结果这项工作比我们认为的要难。
⑦(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)So I ________cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot.
于是我转向骑自行车。我有一辆好自行车，经常骑。
turned out to be
turned to
5．I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes!
我有一种强烈的欲望，想看看眼前那些随机闪现的东西！
★urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
[用法感知]
①(“动作描写”写作佳句)She could hear them urging her on as she ran past.
当她跑过(他们面前)的时候，她能听到他们在为她加油。
②I never had an urge to learn any sign language before.
以前我从未有过学习手语的想法。
③An urgent bell rang, which urged us to get up quickly.
紧急的铃声响起，催促我们快起床。
[归纳点拨]
(1)urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge sb. on 为某人加油/鼓励
urge that ...(should) do sth. 极力主张……做某事
It is urged that ...(should) do sth. 坚决要求……做某事
(2)have an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事
(3)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的
urgency n. 紧急；催促
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④It is strongly urged by students that the library _______________ (keep) open during the weekend.
⑤It's of great ________(urge) that we need to make the relative laws with the rapid growth of online shopping.
⑥Our teacher ____________________ with the College Entrance Examination drawing near.
随着高考的临近，老师敦促我们努力学习。
(should) be kept
urgency
urges us to study hard
1．It would not be surprising if we found it difficult to distinguish between reality and science fiction in the future.
如果我们发现将来很难区分现实和科幻小说，那也就不足为奇了。
No.2 通句式/由规则到熟用
此处为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合宾语结构。
(2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do (it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语)
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①Jim turned around and found a stranger ________ (stand) behind him.
②After what seemed like hours, Colin came to himself.He found himself ___________ (surround) by the logging workers in the camp.
③(2024·全国甲卷)You will find it convenient _______ (take) the high-speed train to go to some big cities in China.
standing
surrounded
to take
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④我们四处漫步后发现自己回到了旅馆。
After wandering around, we __________________ at the hotel.
⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)我转过身，发现他正朝我跑来，他的小身体左右摇晃，双脚向前摆动。
I turned to _________________________, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
found ourselves back
find him coming towards me
2．Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。
(1)as if＝as though意为“仿佛；好像”，引导表语从句，常放在be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词之后。
(2)as if引导方式状语从句。当说话人认为所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生或存在的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：
与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)
与将来事实相反 从句谓语动词用would/could/might do
(3)as if引导方式状语从句时，如果从句主语和主句主语一致或从句主语为it，且其中又含有be动词的某种形式时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①He opened his mouth as if ______ (say) something.
②It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I ________ (do) it
③A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they ______ (be) the only people in the world.
to say
had done
were
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④快点儿！看起来火车好像要开了。
Hurry up! It looks __________________________.
⑤他的心怦怦直跳，好像他受到了惊吓。
His heart was pounding ____________________.
⑥环顾小镇，约翰觉得自己好像已经离开很久了。
Looking around the small town, John felt ____________________ ____ for ages.
as if the train is going to move
as if he were frightened
as though he had been
away
3．I saw huge buildings rise up, then disappear like in a dream.
本句中的like in a dream是一种明喻修辞手法。表明在时空旅行中，事物变化的迅速像是在做梦一样。
[应用融会] (用明喻修辞翻译句子)
①她脸上的笑容像宝石一样闪闪发光。
_____________________________________
②(“景物描写”写作佳句) 沿途的风景就像一幅美丽的山水画卷。
_______________________________________________________ ________
The smile on her face shone like a diamond.
The scenery along the journey is just like a beautiful landscape
painting.
No.3 课时跟踪检测
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I heard a ________ (传闻) that they are getting married.
2．You can be paid in cash ______ (每周的) or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives.
3．The frightened wife ________ (抓紧) her husband's arm.
rumour
weekly
gripped
5．As she stepped __________ (向后), she fell onto her knees, then onto her face.
6．It is obvious that this team is ________ (占优势的) to the others in this work.
7．Many people were not satisfied with the ____ (速度) of change.
backwards
superior
pace
8．With so many variables, it is difficult to _________(计算) the cost.
9．Repairs involve skilled _______ (劳动者), which can be expensive.
10．Soon afterwards there was a loud report as the fuel tanks ________ (爆炸)．
calculate
labour
exploded
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The ________ (divide) of Europe into countries is the result of its complicated history.
2．Manette stood aside with the lamp in his hand as if he _____ (be) a statue.
3．The report urged that all children _________________ (teach) to swim.
division
were
(should) be taught
4．To make matters worse, the car got stuck in the _______ (mud) ground.
5．As far as I know, the winning numbers are ________ (random) selected by computer.
6．Tom had to turn _____ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
muddy
randomly
down
Ⅲ.选词填空
superior to, take over, conflict with, have an urge, fall away, on a ...basis
1．After his defeat, many of his supporters _________.
2．Their opinion on the accident _____________ ours.
3．His former assistant ________ his work after his departure.
fell away
conflicted with
took over
4．This model of 5G mobile phone is far __________ any others.
5．To keep healthy, we should take exercise ____ regular _____.
6．We ___________ to give advice immediately to make the person feel better or try to fix the problem.
superior to
on a
basis
have an urge
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Dick ___________________ in the direction of Mike's place.
迪克发现自己正朝迈克家的方向走去。
2．Unexpectedly the weather ___________________________ that day.
出乎意料，结果那天天气特别好。
3．He urged that _______________________________.
他要求我们立即采取行动。
found himself walking
turned out (to be) pretty nice
we (should) take action immediately
4．He speaks English as if _____________ it in England before.
他英语讲得就好像之前在英国学习过似的。
5．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)_______________________ a warm surge of streams washed through my body, and the image of the horse emerged in my mind.
就在那一刻，一股暖流涌进了我的身体，马的形象出现在我的脑海里。
he had studied
It was at that moment that
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
I log onto a computer at the doctor's office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room.There, a robotic nurse directs me onto the scales and then takes my blood pressure.Some time later, in steps the 1 ， who is also a robot.He notes down my symptoms and gives me a prescription.I pay for my 2 ， using a credit card and return home without having met another human being.This is my nightmarish vision of the 3 ， which hasn't happened at least yet.
I should say I really do like many aspects of 4 .I am a big fan of air conditioning in summer and heaters in 5 .But I am writing this because I don't want machines to 6 .
When I call my dentist's office and actually get a human being on the line, I am 7 .And when I see the introduction of yet more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store, I feel like 8 ， “When it comes to cashiers, make mine a(n) 9 ， please！”
After all, human cashiers sometimes 10 you a store coupon (优惠券) for items you are 11 .Even more than that, real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children, which can 12 young mothers' day.A cashier may also show compassion for an elderly person struggling to get that last penny out of his purse.
Machines can be 13 and cost-effective and they often get the job done just fine. 14 they lack an element so important to everyday life.
Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart.It is 15 no machine will ever have.It is human being that encourages us to smile at others, which may be what they need at that moment.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。随着科技的发展，机器人越来越多地被应用于人类的日常生活中。作者认为机器人固然能给人类的生活带来便利，但机器人缺少人性，缺少人与人之间的温情。
1．A.teacher B．lawyer
C．Doctor D．engineer
解析：根据下文中的“He notes down my symptoms and gives me a prescription.”和常识可知，开处方的应该是医生(doctor)。
√
2．A.debt B．visit
C．medicine D．examination
解析：作者使用信用卡支付看病的费用，这里用visit表示“就诊”。
√
3．A.past B．present
C．future D．history
解析：根据空后的“which hasn't happened”可知，这里指未来(future)。
√
4．A.commerce B．agriculture
C．literature D．technology
解析：根据常识可知，机器人的使用属于技术(technology)方面的事情。
√
5．A.sleep B．autumn
C．spring D．winter
解析：根据常识，冬天冷，应用加热器，故应该选winter，与前面的summer对应。
√
6．A.take over B．pass by
C．cut in D．go away
解析：根据下文内容可知，作者不希望在未来机器人取代(take over)人类。
√
7．A.annoyed B．thrilled
C．discouraged D．disappointed
解析：根据上文作者不希望在未来机器人取代人类可知，当作者给牙医办公室打电话，接电话的是人类时，作者应是非常兴奋的(thrilled)。
√
8．A.crying B．laughing
C．shouting D．whispering
解析：根据上文作者不希望在未来机器人取代人类和该段中的“when I see the introduction of yet more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store”可以推知，作者对这种情况是不满意的、不高兴的，故作者很想大喊(shouting)，并且和前一句中表达的心情形成鲜明的对比。
√
9．A.machine B．human
C．animal D．plant
解析：结合上下文可知，作者希望是人类(human)为自己服务，另外下文中的“human cashiers”也是提示。
√
10．A.give B．remind
C．bargain D．purchase
解析：根据空处所在句和常识可推出答案。give表示“给”，后面常加双宾语，符合语境和语法。
√
11．A.ruining B．producing
C．advertising D．buying
解析：根据语境可知，毕竟，人类收银员有时会给你购买(buying)物品的商店优惠券。
√
12．A.brighten B．darken
C．strengthen D．widen
解析：根据空处所在句可知，收银员往往对特别可爱的小孩感兴趣，这也许能让小孩的母亲开心一天。brighten表示“使开心”，符合语境。
√
13．A.urgent B．efficient
C．frequent D．consistent
解析：根据下文中的“they often get the job done just fine”可知，这里讲的是机器人的好处，它们有效率(efficient)并且划算。
√
14．A.But B．Because
C．Otherwise D．Therefore
解析：空后表示它们缺少一种日常生活中很重要的元素，与空前提到的机器人的好处是转折关系，故用连词But。
√
15．A.everything B．something
C．anything D．nothing
解析：前一句提到的“the spirit, the soul or the heart”不是机器人所拥有的东西(something)。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空
As the world witnesses more and more extreme weather patterns, it is becoming 1 (increasing) difficult to ignore the effects of climate change on our planet.It is now a common topic of discussion and has even found 2 (it) way into the books we read.As a result of this, a literary genre (体裁) 3 (refer) to as climate fiction, or cli-fi, has found new life.
The term “cli-fi” 4 (use) for the first time in 2007 by US climate activist and writer Dan Bloom.He intended to make “climate fiction” more appealing.According to Bloom, the term really gained 5 (popular) when Canadian writer Margaret Atwood used it on 6 Internet, introducing it to her half-a-million followers.
Just 7 the name suggests, climate fiction refers to stories with the central theme of climate change or global warming.These kinds of books can inspire the readers 8 (imagine) what the world might be like in the future because of major climate change events.
The genre is quite welcome among college students because it usually looks at topics that are relevant 9 what is really happening today.Cli-fi has also helped to motivate students to pursue science majors, with some universities even 10 (offer) courses specially focusing on climate fiction.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。气候小说是指以气候变化或全球变暖为主题的小说。随着世界见证了越来越多的极端天气，气候小说受到了更多人的关注。
1．increasingly 考查副词。此处修饰形容词difficult，应用副词increasingly作状语。
2．its 考查代词。find one's way into意为“出现在”，所以此处应用形容词性物主代词its。
3．referred 考查过去分词。动词短语refer to ...as意为“把……称作”，动词refer和主语a literary genre构成被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填referred。
4．was used 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据in 2007可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词use和主语构成被动关系。主语term为第三人称单数，故填was used。
5．popularity 考查名词。此处作宾语，应用名词popularity。
6．the 考查冠词。on the Internet意为“在网络上”，此处应用定冠词the。
7．as 考查定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中缺少宾语，且表示“正如”，应用关系代词as。
8．to imagine 考查动词不定式。inspire sb．to do意为“激发某人做某事”，故填to imagine。
9．to 考查介词。be relevant to意为“与……相关”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用介词to。
10．offering 考查现在分词。在with的复合结构中，动词offer意为“提供”，和逻辑主语some universities构成主动关系，故填offering。
新学词汇·归类记清
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．an annoying rumour 一则让人恼怒的______
2．two hundred grammes of flour 200__________
3．a 3,000 seat venue 一个3 000座的________
4．the salary of a salesman 一位______的薪水
5．be more blurred 更加__________
6．the leather seat __________座椅
7．the main panel 主____________
8．forwards an inch then immediately backwards向前一__________然后立刻__________
9．grip the lever ____________操纵杆
10．go hazy 变得______________
11．my naughty niece 我淘气的__________
12．her beautiful handkerchief 她的漂亮的______
13．with a sudden jolt 突然的______________
14．flip a coin ____________一个硬币
二、重点单词——写其形
1．taxi __________ 出租车费
2．on a daily or ______ basis 每天或每周
3．become __________ 变得更高级
4．most of our __________ 我们大部分的体力劳动
5．come in to __________ something 进来取东西
6．a bright __________ 一盏明亮的灯
7．my ________ grows faster 我的步伐加快
8．at __________ speed 以最快的速度
9．be __________ for moment 一时惊呆了
三、活用单词——悉其变
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
四、拓展构词——明其规
1．division：以“ sion”结尾的名词
[依“规”串记]
①conclusion 推论；结束
②admission 承认；准许进入
③permission 允许
④revision 复习
2．overstatement：“v.＋ ment”→n.
[依“规”串记]
①disagreement 分歧 ②advertisement 广告
③statement 陈述 ④argument 争论
五、高级词块——通其用
1．______________ 根据；以……的方式(基准)
2．______________ 事物的利与弊；支持与反对
3．______________ 比……更好；更胜一筹
4．______________ 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
5．______________ 与……冲突或抵触
6．______________ 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
7．______________ (逐渐)减少；消失
8．______________ 有强烈的欲望做某事
9．______________ 升起
10．______________ 只要
重点词汇·深化学习
1．money paid for work or services，typically on a daily or weekly basis
通常以每天或每周的方式为工作或服务支付的钱
★on a ...basis根据；以……的方式(基准)
[用法感知]
①I am saving money on a regular basis with the aim of buying a house of my own.
我正在定期存钱，目的是买一套属于我自己的房子。
②(“人物介绍”写作佳句)She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications.
根据资历她获选承担这项工作。
③Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.
理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。
[归纳点拨]
(1)on the basis of 根据；在……的基础上；基于
(2)base vt. 以……为据点；把……设在
n. 基础；基部；基地
base ...on/upon把……建立在……的基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础/根据
[应用融会] (单句语法填空)
④We're going to be meeting there __________ a regular basis.
⑤You should base your conclusion __________ careful research.
⑥Is it safe to predict the result ____________ the basis of one opinion poll
⑦(2024·北京高考) ______________ (base) on the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified.
2．In sci fi stories, robots often become superior and take over.
在科幻小说中，机器人往往会变得更优秀并占据主导地位。
★superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
[用法感知]
①The new product is beyond all praise and has quickly taken over the market on account of its superior quality.
这款新产品获得了极高的赞扬，并且因其更好的质量而迅速占领了市场。
②(“人际关系”写作佳句)Each member has their own advantages, but if we work together, we can produce something new, unique and superior to that of any one member.
每个成员都有自己的优势，但如果我们共同努力，我们能生产出新颖、独特的产品来，且比任何一个成员生产的更胜一筹。
[归纳点拨]
superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹(to为介词)
be inferior to 次于；劣于
be senior to 比……年长；比……地位高
be junior to 比……年轻；比……地位低
[应用融会] (完成句子)
③At the appraising meeting, experts stated this method was ______________ others.
鉴定会上，专家们指出这种方法优于其他方法。
④I am three years ______________ him while you are three years ______________ him.
我比他大三岁，而你比他小三岁。
★take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
[用法感知]
①(“演讲”类写作佳句)Technology is here to help us, but we should not allow it to take over our lives.技术是来帮助我们的，但我们不应该让它来主宰我们的生活。
②Cars gradually took over from horses.
汽车逐渐替代了马匹。
[归纳点拨]
take up 占用(时间/空间)；开始从事；拿起；接受
take off 脱掉(衣服)；起飞；突然大受欢迎
take in 吸收；理解；包括；接纳；欺骗
take on 呈现(面貌)；具有(特征)；雇用
[应用融会] (完成句子)
③The newly launched electronic newspaper has really ______________.
新发行的电子报真的很受欢迎。
④I could hardly ____________ what you said.
我几乎听不懂你说的话。
⑤The village has ______________ a new look thanks to the good economic policies from the government.
多亏了政府好的经济政策，那个村庄已经呈现出新的面貌。
⑥The manager announced at the meeting that Mr Black would ________________________ and deal with everyday affairs in the company when he was absent.
经理在会议上宣布说当他不在的时候，布莱克先生将接管他的工作，处理公司的日常事务。
3．A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the first law.
机器人必须服从人类给予的命令，除非这些命令与第一定律相冲突。
★conflict with与……冲突或抵触
[用法感知]
①She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
她发现在将来的职业问题上与父母有冲突。
②Meghan's plan has conflicted with mine.She asks to go to the park but I'm occupied with my work.梅根的计划与我的计划相冲突。她要求去公园，但我忙于工作。
[归纳点拨]
conflict n． 矛盾；冲突
vi. 冲突；抵触
in conflict with 和……有矛盾/不一致
come into conflict with 与……产生冲突/有分歧
[应用融会] (完成句子)
③The changes are sure to _________________ the old traditions, so we must give it a second thought.
变化一定与旧的传统相冲突，所以我们一定要三思。
④It is a statement ____________________ other evidence.
这一陈述与其他证词不一致。
4．Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。
★turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
[用法感知]
①Even the students who used to dislike English have turned out to be interested in the subject.
甚至那些过去不喜欢英语的学生结果也对这门学科感兴趣了。
②I was positive that things were going to turn out fine.
我确信事情会好起来的。
③If you're strictly concerned about saving energy, you should turn your lights out when you're not using them.
如果你十分关注节能，你应该在不用灯的时候把它们关掉。
[归纳点拨]
turn up 出现；露面；开大(音量等)
turn over 翻转；移交
turn down 调低(音量等)；拒绝
turn to 转向；翻到；求助于；致力于
[应用融会] (完成句子)
④The boy tried to join the army, but ____________________ for his young age.
那个男孩想参军，但是因为年龄小而被拒绝了。
⑤We arranged to meet at 7：30, but she never ______________.
我们约好了7：30见面，但她根本没露面。
⑥The job _________ harder than we thought.
结果这项工作比我们认为的要难。
⑦(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)So I ______________ cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot.
于是我转向骑自行车。我有一辆好自行车，经常骑。
5．I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes!
我有一种强烈的欲望，想看看眼前那些随机闪现的东西！
★urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
[用法感知]
①(“动作描写”写作佳句)She could hear them urging her on as she ran past.
当她跑过(他们面前)的时候，她能听到他们在为她加油。
②I never had an urge to learn any sign language before.以前我从未有过学习手语的想法。
③An urgent bell rang, which urged us to get up quickly.
紧急的铃声响起，催促我们快起床。
[归纳点拨]
(1)urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge sb.on 为某人加油/鼓励
urge that ...(should) do sth. 极力主张……做某事
It is urged that ...(should) do sth. 坚决要求……做某事
(2)have an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事
(3)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的
urgency n. 紧急；催促
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④It is strongly urged by students that the library ____________________ (keep) open during the weekend.
⑤It's of great __________ (urge) that we need to make the relative laws with the rapid growth of online shopping.
⑥Our teacher ________________________ with the College Entrance Examination drawing near.
随着高考的临近，老师敦促我们努力学习。
1．It would not be surprising if we found it difficult to distinguish between reality and science fiction in the future.
如果我们发现将来很难区分现实和科幻小说，那也就不足为奇了。
此处为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合宾语结构。
(1)find＋宾语＋
(2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do (it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语)
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①Jim turned around and found a stranger __________ (stand) behind him.
②After what seemed like hours, Colin came to himself.He found himself __________ (surround) by the logging workers in the camp.
③(2024·全国甲卷)You will find it convenient __________ (take) the high speed train to go to some big cities in China.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④我们四处漫步后发现自己回到了旅馆。
After wandering around, we ________________________ at the hotel.
⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)我转过身，发现他正朝我跑来，他的小身体左右摇晃，双脚向前摆动。
I turned to __________________________， his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
2．Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。
(1)as if＝as though意为“仿佛；好像”，引导表语从句，常放在be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词之后。
(2)as if引导方式状语从句。当说话人认为所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生或存在的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：
与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)
与将来事实相反 从句谓语动词用would/could/might do
(3)as if引导方式状语从句时，如果从句主语和主句主语一致或从句主语为it，且其中又含有be动词的某种形式时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①He opened his mouth as if ______________ (say) something.
②It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I ______________ (do) it
③A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they __________ (be) the only people in the world.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④快点儿！看起来火车好像要开了。
Hurry up! It looks ______________________________.
⑤他的心怦怦直跳，好像他受到了惊吓。
His heart was pounding __________________________.
⑥环顾小镇，约翰觉得自己好像已经离开很久了。
Looking around the small town, John felt ______________________________ for ages.
3．I saw huge buildings rise up, then disappear like in a dream.
本句中的like in a dream是一种明喻修辞手法。表明在时空旅行中，事物变化的迅速像是在做梦一样。
[应用融会] (用明喻修辞翻译句子)
①她脸上的笑容像宝石一样闪闪发光。
②(“景物描写”写作佳句) 沿途的风景就像一幅美丽的山水画卷。
Section Ⅳ
NO.1 积词汇
新学词汇·归类记清
一、1.谣言 2.克面粉 3.场地 4.售货员 5.模糊不清
6．真皮 7.板 8.英寸 向后 9.紧握 10.模糊
11．侄女/外甥女 12.手帕 13.震动 14.轻抛
二、1.fare 2.weekly 3.superior 4.labour 5.fetch 6.lamp
7．pace 8.maximum 9.stunned
三、1.①presume ②presumption
2．①calculate ②calculation ③calculator
3．①divided ②division
4．①urge ②urgent ③urgency
5．①random ②randomly
6．①explode ②explosion
7．①mud ②muddy
五、1.on a ...basis 2.pros and cons 3.superior to
4．take over 5.conflict with 6.turn out 7.fall away
8．have an urge to 9.rise up 10.so long as
重点词汇·深化学习
1．④on ⑤on/upon ⑥on ⑦Based
2．★③superior to ④senior to; junior to
★③taken off ④take in ⑤taken on ⑥take over his job
3．③conflict with ④in conflict with
4．④was turned down ⑤turned up ⑥turned out to be
⑦turned to
5．④(should) be kept ⑤urgency ⑥urges us to study hard
NO.2 通句式
1．①standing ②surrounded ③to take ④found ourselves back
⑤find him coming towards me
2．①to say ②had done ③were ④as if the train is going to move
⑤as if he were frightened ⑥as though he had been away
3．①The smile on her face shone like a diamond. ②The scenery along the journey is just like a beautiful landscape painting.
8 / 8UNIT 1 课时检测(四) 新知学习一课过
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I heard a __________ (传闻) that they are getting married.
2．You can be paid in cash __________ (每周的) or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives.
3．The frightened wife __________ (抓紧) her husband's arm.
4．I got up, went to __________ (拿来) the book from my bookshelf and handed it to him.
5．As she stepped __________ (向后), she fell onto her knees, then onto her face.
6．It is obvious that this team is ________ (占优势的) to the others in this work.
7．Many people were not satisfied with the ________ (速度) of change.
8．With so many variables, it is difficult to ________ (计算) the cost.
9．Repairs involve skilled __________ (劳动者), which can be expensive.
10．Soon afterwards there was a loud report as the fuel tanks __________ (爆炸)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The __________ (divide) of Europe into countries is the result of its complicated history.
2．Manette stood aside with the lamp in his hand as if he __________ (be) a statue.
3．The report urged that all children ____________ (teach) to swim.
4．To make matters worse, the car got stuck in the __________ (mud) ground.
5．As far as I know, the winning numbers are __________ (random) selected by computer.
6．Tom had to turn __________ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
Ⅲ.选词填空
superior to, take over, conflict with, have an urge, fall away, on a ...basis
1．After his defeat, many of his supporters ____________________.
2．Their opinion on the accident ______________ ours.
3．His former assistant ______________ his work after his departure.
4．This model of 5G mobile phone is far ________ any others.
5．To keep healthy, we should take exercise ______________ regular __________.
6．We ______________ to give advice immediately to make the person feel better or try to fix the problem.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Dick ________________________ in the direction of Mike's place.
迪克发现自己正朝迈克家的方向走去。
2．Unexpectedly the weather ______________________________ that day.
出乎意料，结果那天天气特别好。
3．He urged that ________________________________________________.
他要求我们立即采取行动。
4．He speaks English as if ______________________ it in England before.
他英语讲得就好像之前在英国学习过似的。
5．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)______________________________ a warm surge of streams washed through my body, and the image of the horse emerged in my mind.
就在那一刻，一股暖流涌进了我的身体，马的形象出现在我的脑海里。
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
I log onto a computer at the doctor's office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room.There, a robotic nurse directs me onto the scales and then takes my blood pressure.Some time later, in steps the __1__， who is also a robot.He notes down my symptoms and gives me a prescription.I pay for my __2__， using a credit card and return home without having met another human being.This is my nightmarish vision of the __3__， which hasn't happened at least yet.
I should say I really do like many aspects of __4__.I am a big fan of air conditioning in summer and heaters in __5__.But I am writing this because I don't want machines to __6__.
When I call my dentist's office and actually get a human being on the line, I am __7__.And when I see the introduction of yet more self service checkout stations at the grocery store, I feel like __8__， “When it comes to cashiers, make mine a(n) __9__， please！”
After all, human cashiers sometimes __10__ you a store coupon (优惠券) for items you are __11__.Even more than that, real life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children, which can __12__ young mothers' day.A cashier may also show compassion for an elderly person struggling to get that last penny out of his purse.
Machines can be __13__ and cost effective and they often get the job done just fine.__14__ they lack an element so important to everyday life.
Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart.It is __15__ no machine will ever have.It is human being that encourages us to smile at others, which may be what they need at that moment.
1．A.teacher B．lawyer
C．doctor D．engineer
2．A.debt B．visit
C．medicine D．examination
3．A.past B．present
C．future D．history
4．A.commerce B．agriculture
C．literature D．technology
5．A.sleep B．autumn
C．spring D．winter
6．A.take over B．pass by
C．cut in D．go away
7．A.annoyed B．thrilled
C．discouraged D．disappointed
8．A.crying B．laughing
C．shouting D．whispering
9．A.machine B．human
C．animal D．plant
10．A.give B．remind
C．bargain D．purchase
11．A.ruining B．producing
C．advertising D．buying
12．A.brighten B．darken
C．strengthen D．widen
13．A.urgent B．efficient
C．frequent D．consistent
14．A.But B．Because
C．Otherwise D．Therefore
15．A.everything B．something
C．anything D．nothing
Ⅱ.语法填空
As the world witnesses more and more extreme weather patterns, it is becoming __1__ (increasing) difficult to ignore the effects of climate change on our planet.It is now a common topic of discussion and has even found __2__ (it) way into the books we read.As a result of this, a literary genre (体裁) __3__ (refer) to as climate fiction, or cli fi, has found new life.
The term “cli fi” __4__ (use) for the first time in 2007 by US climate activist and writer Dan Bloom.He intended to make “climate fiction” more appealing.According to Bloom, the term really gained __5__ (popular) when Canadian writer Margaret Atwood used it on __6__ Internet, introducing it to her half a million followers.
Just __7__ the name suggests, climate fiction refers to stories with the central theme of climate change or global warming.These kinds of books can inspire the readers __8__ (imagine) what the world might be like in the future because of major climate change events.
The genre is quite welcome among college students because it usually looks at topics that are relevant __9__ what is really happening today.Cli fi has also helped to motivate students to pursue science majors, with some universities even __10__ (offer) courses specially focusing on climate fiction.
UNIT 1 课时检测(四)
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.1.rumour 2.weekly 3.gripped 4.fetch 5.backwards 6.superior 7.pace 8.calculate 9.labour 10.exploded
Ⅱ.1.division 2.were 3.(should) be taught 4.muddy
5．randomly 6.down
Ⅲ.1.fell away 2.conflicted with 3.took over 4.superior to 5.on a; basis 6.have an urge
Ⅳ.1.found himself walking 2.turned out (to be) pretty nice 3.we (should) take action immediately 4.he had studied
5．It was at that moment that
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。随着科技的发展，机器人越来越多地被应用于人类的日常生活中。作者认为机器人固然能给人类的生活带来便利，但机器人缺少人性，缺少人与人之间的温情。
1．选C 根据下文中的“He notes down my symptoms and gives me a prescription.”和常识可知，开处方的应该是医生(doctor)。
2．选B 作者使用信用卡支付看病的费用，这里用visit表示“就诊”。
3．选C 根据空后的“which hasn't happened”可知，这里指未来(future)。
4．选D 根据常识可知，机器人的使用属于技术(technology)方面的事情。
5．选D 根据常识，冬天冷，应用加热器，故应该选winter，与前面的summer对应。
6．选A 根据下文内容可知，作者不希望在未来机器人取代(take over)人类。
7．选B 根据上文作者不希望在未来机器人取代人类可知，当作者给牙医办公室打电话，接电话的是人类时，作者应是非常兴奋的(thrilled)。
8．选C 根据上文作者不希望在未来机器人取代人类和该段中的“when I see the introduction of yet more selfservice checkout stations at the grocery store”可以推知，作者对这种情况是不满意的、不高兴的，故作者很想大喊(shouting)，并且和前一句中表达的心情形成鲜明的对比。
9．选B 结合上下文可知，作者希望是人类(human)为自己服务，另外下文中的“human cashiers”也是提示。
10．选A 根据空处所在句和常识可推出答案。give表示“给”，后面常加双宾语，符合语境和语法。
11．选D 根据语境可知，毕竟，人类收银员有时会给你购买(buying)物品的商店优惠券。
12．选A 根据空处所在句可知，收银员往往对特别可爱的小孩感兴趣，这也许能让小孩的母亲开心一天。brighten表示“使开心”，符合语境。
13．选B 根据下文中的“they often get the job done just fine”可知，这里讲的是机器人的好处，它们有效率(efficient)并且划算。
14．选A 空后表示它们缺少一种日常生活中很重要的元素，与空前提到的机器人的好处是转折关系，故用连词But。
15．选B 前一句提到的“the spirit, the soul or the heart”不是机器人所拥有的东西(something)。
Ⅱ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。气候小说是指以气候变化或全球变暖为主题的小说。随着世界见证了越来越多的极端天气，气候小说受到了更多人的关注。
1．increasingly 考查副词。此处修饰形容词difficult，应用副词increasingly作状语。
2．its 考查代词。find one's way into意为“出现在”，所以此处应用形容词性物主代词its。
3．referred 考查过去分词。动词短语refer to ...as意为“把……称作”，动词refer和主语a literary genre构成被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填referred。
4．was used 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据in 2007可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词use和主语构成被动关系。主语term为第三人称单数，故填was used。
5．popularity 考查名词。此处作宾语，应用名词popularity。
6．the 考查冠词。on the Internet意为“在网络上”，此处应用定冠词the。
7．as 考查定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中缺少宾语，且表示“正如”，应用关系代词as。
8．to imagine 考查动词不定式。inspire sb.to do意为“激发某人做某事”，故填to imagine。
9．to 考查介词。be relevant to意为“与……相关”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用介词to。
10．offering 考查现在分词。在with的复合结构中，动词offer意为“提供”，和逻辑主语some universities构成主动关系，故填offering。
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