Section Ⅲ Learning About Language
(语法项目——复习动词不定式)
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
To be kind to difficulty① is to be cruel to yourself②.I don't remember who said that.When we are faced with difficulties, our main task is to find out the root of the problem③， and then figure out how to solve the problem.It is not advisable to be afraid of difficulties④ in the face of them.A variety of approaches can help you to move⑤ on.One way is to find someone⑥ to talk to⑦.Secondly, a better way is to look for experienced people⑧ to share your inner thought⑨.In addition, the most effective and direct way is to take immediate action⑩.Only in this way can we overcome the difficulties and move forward.
①④不定式短语作主语；
②③⑥⑧⑩不定式短语作表语；
⑤不定式短语作宾语补足语；
⑦不定式短语作定语；
⑨不定式短语作状语。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、动词不定式的时态和语态
项目 主动 被动 意义
一般式 to do to be done 与谓语动作同时或在其后发生
进行式 to be doing 无 在谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行
完成式 to have done to have been done 在谓语动作之前发生
①I noticed him go out.
我看见他出去了。(notice与go out同时发生)
②He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
他犹豫了一下，然后说他决定不去跑步了。(run的动作在decide后发生)
③The programme, the topic of which will be environmental protection in our daily life, is scheduled to be held next Friday.
这个节目的主题是我们日常生活中的环境保护，定于下周五举行。(hold的动作发生在is scheduled之后)
④I'm very sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.
我很抱歉让你久等了。(keep发生在be sorry前)
[对点练] (用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2024·浙江1月高考)As I rushed outdoors ______________ (empty) the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me.
②(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ____________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
③The engine just won't start.Something seems ______________ (go) wrong with it.
④He is thought ______________ (hide) in the woods now.
⑤Tom pretended not ________________ (hear) about the news, but in fact he knew it very well last week.
⑥(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ______________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
二、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
1．动词不定式作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系时。
We have masses of work to do today.Hurry up!
今天，我们有很多工作要做。快点儿！
2．在“be＋性质形容词＋动词不定式”结构中。
The water is not fit to drink, so hold out until we get to a shop.
这水不能喝。因此坚持一下，直到我们找到商店。
3．动词不定式与疑问代词连用时。
I'm trying to get her a good gift, but I don't know what to choose.
我想送她一件好礼物，但不知道选什么好。
4．在be to blame, be to let, be to seek 中，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
I felt I was to blame for this bicycle accident.
对于这次自行车事故，我觉得我应该受到责备。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①This machine is ______________________.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
这台机器很容易操作。任何人都能在几分钟内学会使用它。
②The airport ____________________ next year will help promote tourism in this area.
明年将要完工的机场将会帮助促进这一地区的旅游业发展。
③(2022·全国甲卷)The realization that this is a precious land, ________________________ by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。
④She teaches us not only how to gain knowledge but also ________________________________________________________________________.
她不仅教给我们如何获得知识，而且教我们如何行为得体。
三、动词不定式的语法功能
1．作主语
(1)动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未发生的动作，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动词不定式后置。
(2)在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb.to do sth.”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的性格、品质，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind, nice, foolish, generous等，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。
It's a great pleasure to talk with you.
和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.
他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。
It is important for us to live a low carbon life.过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
2．作宾语
常用不定式作宾语的动词 三个希望两答应：hope, wish, want, agree, promise
两个要求莫拒绝：demand, ask, refuse
设法学会做决定：manage, learn, decide
不要假装在选择：pretend, choose
“动词＋it＋adj./n.＋动词不定式”结构 it为形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语。常用于该结构的动词有feel, find, think, believe, consider, make等
I promise to keep you company at night.
我保证晚上陪你。
The chairwoman demanded to know the truth.
女主席要求知道真相。
Tina has decided to go to Rome for her holidays.
蒂娜已决定去罗马度假。
We think it possible to finish the task ahead of time.我们认为提前完成任务是有可能的。
3．作表语
动词不定式作表语时需放在系动词后面，表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用。系动词主要是be动词(am, is, are, was, were等)和表象系动词(seem, appear等)；主语常常是dream, wish, idea, plan, task, purpose, aim, duty, job等表示意向、打算、职责等意义的词。
His dream is to become an astronaut.
他的梦想是成为一名宇航员。
My main task is to get this company running smoothly.
我的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。
She seems to get along well with her new classmates.
她似乎和她的新同学相处得很好。
4．作定语
动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)
她总是第一个到，最后一个离开。
Have you got a letter to write？(动宾关系)
你有一封信要写吗？
Do you have the ability to read and write in English？(同位关系)
你有用英语读写的能力吗？
5．作状语
(1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。
She was surprised to see George walk in.
看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。
(2)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do, so as to do, to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。
In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.
为了通过考试，他努力学习。
6．作补语
(1)ask, tell, invite, get, advise, allow, want, permit, warn, order, encourage, prefer, expect, force, wish, beg等表示命令、教导、要求、意向、允许、警告等意义的动词后常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.
她耐心地向学生们解释了所有的规则，并要求每个人都要遵循这些规则。
He depends on you to help him with his English.
他指望你帮助他学英语。
(2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感(feel)，二听(hear, listen to)，三让(let, have, make)，五看(see, notice, observe, watch, look at)，半帮助(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。
Nobody saw him come in.(主动语态)
没人看见他进来。
The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)
有人看见小偷进了银行。
(3)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语：
sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth.
He is said to have been cheated in the street.
据说，他在大街上被骗了。
The accident is reported to have killed two people.
据报道，那起事故中有两人丧生。
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days __________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
②(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ______________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
③(2024·浙江1月高考)It is so easy __________ (let) an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result.
④He hurried to the station, only __________ (tell) that the tickets had been sold out.
⑤We found it difficult ______________ (finish) the work on time. 活用语法——在针对训练中提能
用所给词的适当形式完成下面语段
①__________ (get) to school on time, I got up early in the morning.Unfortunately, on the way to school, I was held up in a traffic jam.With a car accident ②__________ (occur) in front of us, the congestion became increasingly serious and my taxi had great difficulty ③______________ (move) ahead.④__________ (save) time, we had no choice but ⑤__________ (change) our route.Thanks to my taxi driver's excellent ⑥__________ (drive) skills, we managed ⑦__________ (choose) a new route and avoided ⑧______________ (trap) in the traffic jam.Eventually, to my relief, I succeeded in ⑨__________ (arrive) at school on time.When I talked with my classmates about my experience on my way to school, they reminded me not ⑩__________ (take) a taxi, but to ride a bike.
Section Ⅲ
慧学语法
一、[对点练] ①to empty ②to teach ③to have gone
④to be hiding ⑤to have heard ⑥to be lifted
二、[对点练] ①very easy to operate ②to be completed
③to be respected ④how to behave well
三、[对点练] ①to give ②to catch ③to let ④to be told
⑤to finish
活用语法
①To get ②occurring ③moving ④To save ⑤to change ⑥driving ⑦to choose ⑧being trapped ⑨arriving ⑩to take
5 / 5(共55张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Learning About Language
课时跟踪检测
目 录
(语法项目——复习动词不定式)
To be kind to difficulty① is to be cruel to yourself②.I don't remember who said that.When we are faced with difficulties, our main task is to find out the root of the problem③， and then figure out how to solve the problem.It is not advisable to be afraid of difficulties④ in the face of them.A variety of approaches can help you to move⑤ on.One way is to find someone⑥ to talk to⑦.
(语法项目——复习动词不定式)
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
Secondly, a better way is to look for experienced people⑧ to share your inner thought⑨.In addition, the most effective and direct way is to take immediate action⑩.Only in this way can we overcome the difficulties and move forward.
①④不定式短语作主语；
②③⑥⑧⑩不定式短语作表语；
⑤不定式短语作宾语补足语；
⑦不定式短语作定语；
⑨不定式短语作状语。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
项目 主动 被动 意义
一般式 to do to be done 与谓语动作同时或在其后发生
进行式 to be doing 无 在谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行
完成式 to have one to have been done 在谓语动作之前发生
一、动词不定式的时态和语态
①I noticed him go out.
我看见他出去了。(notice与go out同时发生)
②He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
他犹豫了一下，然后说他决定不去跑步了。(run的动作在decide后发生)
③The programme, the topic of which will be environmental protection in our daily life, is scheduled to be held next Friday.
这个节目的主题是我们日常生活中的环境保护，定于下周五举行。(hold的动作发生在is scheduled之后)
④I'm very sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.
我很抱歉让你久等了。(keep发生在be sorry前)
[对点练] (用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2024·浙江1月高考)As I rushed outdoors ________ (empty) the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me.
②(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) _______ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
③The engine just won't start.Something seems ___________ (go) wrong with it.
to empty
to teach
to have gone
④He is thought ___________ (hide) in the woods now.
⑤Tom pretended not ____________ (hear) about the news, but in fact he knew it very well last week.
⑥(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them __________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
to be hiding
to have heard
to be lifted
二、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
1．动词不定式作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系时。
We have masses of work to do today.Hurry up!
今天，我们有很多工作要做。快点儿！
2．在“be＋性质形容词＋动词不定式”结构中。
The water is not fit to drink, so hold out until we get to a shop.
这水不能喝。因此坚持一下，直到我们找到商店。
3．动词不定式与疑问代词连用时。
I'm trying to get her a good gift, but I don't know what to choose.
我想送她一件好礼物，但不知道选什么好。
4．在be to blame, be to let, be to seek 中，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
I felt I was to blame for this bicycle accident.
对于这次自行车事故，我觉得我应该受到责备。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①This machine is _________________.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
这台机器很容易操作。任何人都能在几分钟内学会使用它。
②The airport ______________ next year will help promote tourism in this area.
明年将要完工的机场将会帮助促进这一地区的旅游业发展。
very easy to operate
to be completed
③(2022·全国甲卷)The realization that this is a precious land, _____________ by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。
④She teaches us not only how to gain knowledge but also ______ __________.
她不仅教给我们如何获得知识，而且教我们如何行为得体。
to be respected
how to
behave well
三、动词不定式的语法功能
1．作主语
(1)动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未发生的动作，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动词不定式后置。
(2)在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb.to do sth.”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的性格、品质，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind, nice, foolish, generous等，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。
It's a great pleasure to talk with you.
和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.
他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。
It is important for us to live a low-carbon life.
过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
常用不定式作宾语的动词 三个希望两答应：hope, wish, want, agree, promise
两个要求莫拒绝：demand, ask, refuse
设法学会做决定：manage, learn, decide
不要假装在选择：pretend, choose
“动词＋it＋adj./n.＋动词不定式”结构 it为形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语。常用于该结构的动词有feel, find, think, believe, consider, make等
2．作宾语
I promise to keep you company at night.
我保证晚上陪你。
The chairwoman demanded to know the truth.
女主席要求知道真相。
Tina has decided to go to Rome for her holidays.
蒂娜已决定去罗马度假。
We think it possible to finish the task ahead of time.
我们认为提前完成任务是有可能的。
3．作表语
动词不定式作表语时需放在系动词后面，表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用。系动词主要是be动词(am, is, are, was, were等)和表象系动词(seem, appear等)；主语常常是dream, wish, idea, plan, task, purpose, aim, duty, job等表示意向、打算、职责等意义的词。
His dream is to become an astronaut.
他的梦想是成为一名宇航员。
My main task is to get this company running smoothly.
我的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。
She seems to get along well with her new classmates.
她似乎和她的新同学相处得很好。
4．作定语
动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)
她总是第一个到，最后一个离开。
Have you got a letter to write？(动宾关系)
你有一封信要写吗？
Do you have the ability to read and write in English？(同位关系)
你有用英语读写的能力吗？
5．作状语
(1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。
She was surprised to see George walk in.
看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。
(2)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do, so as to do, to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。
In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.
为了通过考试，他努力学习。
6．作补语
(1)ask, tell, invite, get, advise, allow, want, permit, warn, order, encourage, prefer, expect, force, wish, beg等表示命令、教导、要求、意向、允许、警告等意义的动词后常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.
她耐心地向学生们解释了所有的规则，并要求每个人都要遵循这些规则。
He depends on you to help him with his English.
他指望你帮助他学英语。
(2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感(feel)，二听(hear, listen to)，三让(let, have, make)，五看(see, notice, observe, watch, look at)，半帮助(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。
Nobody saw him come in.(主动语态)
没人看见他进来。
The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)
有人看见小偷进了银行。
(3)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语：
sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth.
He is said to have been cheated in the street.
据说，他在大街上被骗了。
The accident is reported to have killed two people.
据报道，那起事故中有两人丧生。
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days ______ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
②(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend _______ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
to give
to catch
③(2024·浙江1月高考)It is so easy ____ (let) an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result.
④He hurried to the station, only ________ (tell) that the tickets had been sold out.
⑤We found it difficult _______ (finish) the work on time.
to let
to be told
to finish
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
用所给词的适当形式完成下面语段
①_____ (get) to school on time, I got up early in the morning.Unfortunately, on the way to school, I was held up in a traffic jam.With a car accident ②_________ (occur) in front of us, the congestion became increasingly serious and my taxi had great difficulty ③_______ (move) ahead.
To get
occurring
moving
④______ (save) time, we had no choice but ⑤_________ (change) our route.Thanks to my taxi driver's excellent ⑥_______ (drive) skills, we managed ⑦________ (choose) a new route and avoided ⑧____________ (trap) in the traffic jam.Eventually, to my relief, I succeeded in ⑨________ (arrive) at school on time.When I talked with my classmates about my experience on my way to school, they reminded me not ⑩______ (take) a taxi, but to ride a bike.
To save
to change
driving
to choose
being trapped
arriving
to take
课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A group of scientists are hurrying to document ancient ruins on the US territory of Puerto Rico.The scientists are working as fast as they can before rising sea levels destroy a large part of the island's history.
Scientists hope to use the 3D images they have taken to help identify which sites are most at-risk to natural disasters and other dangers.Falko Kuester, a scientist, said, “A big part of what we're working on is to make the invisible visible and make sure it stays in our memory.”
Scientists first explored a large stretch of land along Puerto Rico's north coast.That area includes a ceremonial center used by the Taino Indians about 2,000 years ago.Isabel Rivera, an environmental archaeologist, said the scientists found what appears to be a large settlement just east of the ceremonial site.
The Tainos once lived on many islands in the Caribbean Sea.But after the arrival of Christopher Columbus and other Europeans, the indigenous (本土的) people were nearly all killed.Rivera said, “Up to today, there is still a lot we don't know about indigenous culture along our coasts.It's not in our history books.We want to recover that information before it disappears.”
Some scientists say that warmer temperatures in the Caribbean increase the number and strength of storms.Scientists noted that large amounts of water caused by Hurricane Maria washed away part of the area they are studying.
Eric Lo, an engineer, flew to Puerto Rico in August to launch the project one month before Maria struck the island.Lo was surprised at what he saw when he returned to the US territory months later.He said, “Pieces of land where I had stood and flown the drone didn't exist anymore.They were underwater.”
Scientists are now trying to find out how badly the hurricane and loss of land have affected the archaeological site they are studying.Scientists are using 3D models based on drone images to measure areas and explore other details.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一组科学家正在加紧记录和保护波多黎各海岸的古代遗迹。文章介绍了有关泰诺印第安人的情况以及遗址遭受自然灾害的影响。
1．What can scientists most probably see by applying the 3D images
A．The sites staying in memory.
B．The remaining territory of Puerto Rico.
C．The history destroyed by rising sea levels.
D．The sites most likely to disappear quickly.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Scientists hope to use the 3D images they have taken to help identify which sites are most at-risk to natural disasters and other dangers.”可知，科学家通过拍摄的3D图像可以看到哪些地点最容易遭受自然灾害和其他危险。D项“最有可能迅速消失的地方”符合题意。
2．What do we know about the Tainos from the text
A．They didn't experience hurricanes.
B．They settled in the center of Puerto Rico.
C．They took advantage of a ceremonial site.
D．They were all killed by Christopher Columbus.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That area includes a ceremonial center used by the Taino Indians about 2,000 years ago.”可知，泰诺印第安人使用过ceremonial center。
√
3．What can we infer from Eric's words
A．His engineering work is valueless.
B．Storms made severe damage to the sites.
C．Global warming is the cause to all the losses.
D．Archaeological digging caused the loss of land.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Eric说的话“Pieces of land where I had stood and flown the drone didn't exist anymore.They were underwater.”可知，由于遭受自然灾害，那块土地已经不存在了。
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．How to Win over Nature
B．Secrets of a Heritage Site
C．Impacts of Climate Change
D．A Race to Document Heritage
√
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“A group of scientists are hurrying to document ancient ruins on the US territory of Puerto Rico.”可知，一组科学家正在记录美国领土波多黎各的古代遗迹。再根据第一段第二句“The scientists are working as fast as they can before rising sea levels destroy a large part of the island's history.”可知，科学家记录遗迹的工作是一场与时间的赛跑。
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成下列语段
“Let's get out of here, Paul！” screamed Bill.Paul's heart beat wildly, his legs trembling.“①______________________ (没有必要担心)．We are bound ②________ (出去)．” Paul comforted.However,
it was ③____________________ (很难做到)．They turned around, trying their best ④____________________ (推动关闭着的门), but in vain. However, with ⑤________________________ (有如此多的困难要处理),
There is no need to worry
to get out
very difficult to make it
to push the closed door
so much difficulty to handle
Paul and Bill didn't lose heart.They picked up an overturned chair ⑥___ _____________________ (使窗户打开) and then climbed through it carefully.⑦__________________________ (为了离开这个令人恐惧的地方), they ran as quickly as possible.Finally, although they were still suffering from the shock, they were relieved ⑧_________________ (到达一个安全的地方)．
to
make the window open
To leave the frightening place
to reach a safe place
Ⅲ.语法填空
Archaeologists have discovered a wooden Mayan boat in southern Mexico, believed 1 (be) over 1,000 years old.
2 (measure) over 5 feet (1.5m), it was found almost completely undamaged in a freshwater pool near the ruined Mayan city of Chichen Itza.The rare find came during 3 (construct) work on a new tourist railway known as the Maya Train.
Experts from Parises Sorbonne University have been helping with discovering the canoe's exact age and type. 4 3D model of it would also be made to allow 5 (copy) to be made, and to facilitate further study.
The Mayan civilisation flourished (繁荣) before Spain conquered the region.In their time, the Mayans ruled large stretches of territory in 6 is now southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize and Honduras.
The boat has been dated 7 830 AD and 950 AD, towards the end of the Mayan civilisation's golden age.
Around this period, the Mayan civilisation 8 (suffer) a major political collapse, marked by the abandonment of cities 9 (dot) around modern-day Central America — leaving ruins of towering pyramids and other stone buildings.
No single theory for this collapse has been widely accepted, ____it's believed that a combination of internal warfare, drought and overpopulation may have been contributing factors.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个考古发现：考古学家在墨西哥南部发现了一艘玛雅人的木船。
10
1．to be 考查固定短语。(be) believed to be ...“被认为是……”。结合句意，此处指这艘木船被认为有1 000多年的历史，故填to be。
2．Measuring 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处在句中作状语，此处measure“量度为”为系动词，不及物，没有被动语态，与句子主语it为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式，因其处于句首，所以首字母大写，故填Measuring。
3．construction 考查名词。此处construction work，意为“建设工程”，故填construction。
4．The 考查冠词。分析可知，此处指这艘木制的玛雅船的3D模型会被制作出来，所以表示特指，空处位于句首，首字母要大写，故填The。
5．copies 考查名词复数。空前allow为动词，所以此处要用名词作宾语。copy“复制品”为可数名词，结合句中“to be made，and to facilitate further study”可知，复制品不止一个，所以此处要用复数，故填copies。
6．what 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，所以应用连接代词what。
7．between 考查固定短语。固定短语between ...and ...“在……和……之间”。结合句意，此处指船存在于公元830年和950年之间，故填between。
8．suffered 考查动词的时态。结合句意可知，此处在讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时，故填suffered。
9．dotted 考查非谓语动词。(be) dotted around“分散在……周围”，此处指城市分散在现代美洲大陆中央周围，故填dotted。
10．but 考查连词。分析句意可知，空前和空后的内容为转折关系，故填but。
Ⅳ.根据汉语提示完成下面写作
Recently, we had a discussion on ①__________________________ ______ (是否应该去深海捕鱼)．
40% of students hold the view that deep-sea fishing is beneficial, because fish is a good source of food, ②_______________________ ________________________(可以为我们提供蛋白质和其他营养物质)．
whether we should go deep-sea
fishing
which can provide us with
protein and other nutrients
Besides, fishermen can earn more.However, others believe ③_______ _____________________________ (有必要停止深海捕鱼)．As is reported, deep-sea fishing has severely polluted the ocean.What's more, overfishing has led to the decrease in the number of species and ④____________________________ (破坏了深海的生态系统)．
In my opinion, there should be seasonal limitation on deep-sea fishing ⑤_______________________________________ (这样我们才能拥有可持续的鱼类资源)．
that it is
necessary to stop deep-sea fishing
destroyed the deep-sea ecosystem
so that we can have sustainable fish resourcesUNIT 3 课时检测(三) Learning About Language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A group of scientists are hurrying to document ancient ruins on the US territory of Puerto Rico.The scientists are working as fast as they can before rising sea levels destroy a large part of the island's history.
Scientists hope to use the 3D images they have taken to help identify which sites are most at risk to natural disasters and other dangers.Falko Kuester, a scientist, said, “A big part of what we're working on is to make the invisible visible and make sure it stays in our memory.”
Scientists first explored a large stretch of land along Puerto Rico's north coast.That area includes a ceremonial center used by the Taino Indians about 2,000 years ago.Isabel Rivera, an environmental archaeologist, said the scientists found what appears to be a large settlement just east of the ceremonial site.
The Tainos once lived on many islands in the Caribbean Sea.But after the arrival of Christopher Columbus and other Europeans, the indigenous (本土的) people were nearly all killed.Rivera said, “Up to today, there is still a lot we don't know about indigenous culture along our coasts.It's not in our history books.We want to recover that information before it disappears.”
Some scientists say that warmer temperatures in the Caribbean increase the number and strength of storms.Scientists noted that large amounts of water caused by Hurricane Maria washed away part of the area they are studying.
Eric Lo, an engineer, flew to Puerto Rico in August to launch the project one month before Maria struck the island.Lo was surprised at what he saw when he returned to the US territory months later.He said, “Pieces of land where I had stood and flown the drone didn't exist anymore.They were underwater.”
Scientists are now trying to find out how badly the hurricane and loss of land have affected the archaeological site they are studying.Scientists are using 3D models based on drone images to measure areas and explore other details.
1．What can scientists most probably see by applying the 3D images
A．The sites staying in memory.
B．The remaining territory of Puerto Rico.
C．The history destroyed by rising sea levels.
D．The sites most likely to disappear quickly.
2．What do we know about the Tainos from the text
A．They didn't experience hurricanes.
B．They settled in the center of Puerto Rico.
C．They took advantage of a ceremonial site.
D．They were all killed by Christopher Columbus.
3．What can we infer from Eric's words
A．His engineering work is valueless.
B．Storms made severe damage to the sites.
C．Global warming is the cause to all the losses.
D．Archaeological digging caused the loss of land.
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．How to Win over Nature
B．Secrets of a Heritage Site
C．Impacts of Climate Change
D．A Race to Document Heritage
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成下列语段
“Let's get out of here, Paul！” screamed Bill.Paul's heart beat wildly, his legs trembling.“①__________________________ (没有必要担心)．We are bound ②____________________ (出去)．” Paul comforted.However, it was ③__________________________ (很难做到)．They turned around, trying their best ④__________________________ (推动关闭着的门), but in vain.However, with ⑤__________________________________ (有如此多的困难要处理), Paul and Bill didn't lose heart.They picked up an overturned chair ⑥______________________________ (使窗户打开) and then climbed through it carefully.⑦________________________________ (为了离开这个令人恐惧的地方), they ran as quickly as possible.Finally, although they were still suffering from the shock, they were relieved ⑧________________________________ (到达一个安全的地方)．
Ⅲ.语法填空
Archaeologists have discovered a wooden Mayan boat in southern Mexico, believed __1__ (be) over 1,000 years old.
__2__ (measure) over 5 feet (1.5m), it was found almost completely undamaged in a freshwater pool near the ruined Mayan city of Chichen Itza.The rare find came during __3__ (construct) work on a new tourist railway known as the Maya Train.
Experts from Parises Sorbonne University have been helping with discovering the canoe's exact age and type.__4__ 3D model of it would also be made to allow __5__ (copy) to be made, and to facilitate further study.
The Mayan civilisation flourished (繁荣) before Spain conquered the region.In their time, the Mayans ruled large stretches of territory in __6__ is now southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize and Honduras.
The boat has been dated __7__ 830 AD and 950 AD, towards the end of the Mayan civilisation's golden age.
Around this period, the Mayan civilisation __8__ (suffer) a major political collapse, marked by the abandonment of cities __9__(dot) around modern day Central America — leaving ruins of towering pyramids and other stone buildings.
No single theory for this collapse has been widely accepted, __10__ it's believed that a combination of internal warfare, drought and overpopulation may have been contributing factors.
Ⅳ.根据汉语提示完成下面写作
Recently, we had a discussion on ①________________________________ (是否应该去深海捕鱼)．
40% of students hold the view that deep sea fishing is beneficial, because fish is a good source of food, ②________________________________________________________ (可以为我们提供蛋白质和其他营养物质)．Besides, fishermen can earn more.However, others believe ③____________________________________________________ (有必要停止深海捕鱼)．As is reported, deep sea fishing has severely polluted the ocean.What's more, overfishing has led to the decrease in the number of species and ④____________________________________________ (破坏了深海的生态系统)．
In my opinion, there should be seasonal limitation on deep sea fishing ⑤__________________________________________________ (这样我们才能拥有可持续的鱼类资源)．
UNIT 3 课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一组科学家正在加紧记录和保护波多黎各海岸的古代遗迹。文章介绍了有关泰诺印第安人的情况以及遗址遭受自然灾害的影响。
1．选D 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Scientists hope to use the 3D images they have taken to help identify which sites are most atrisk to natural disasters and other dangers.”可知，科学家通过拍摄的3D图像可以看到哪些地点最容易遭受自然灾害和其他危险。D项“最有可能迅速消失的地方”符合题意。
2．选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That area includes a ceremonial center used by the Taino Indians about 2,000 years ago.”可知，泰诺印第安人使用过ceremonial center。
3．选B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Eric说的话“Pieces of land where I had stood and flown the drone didn't exist anymore.They were underwater.”可知，由于遭受自然灾害，那块土地已经不存在了。
4．选D 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“A group of scientists are hurrying to document ancient ruins on the US territory of Puerto Rico.”可知，一组科学家正在记录美国领土波多黎各的古代遗迹。再根据第一段第二句“The scientists are working as fast as they can before rising sea levels destroy a large part of the island's history.”可知，科学家记录遗迹的工作是一场与时间的赛跑。
Ⅱ.①There is no need to worry ②to get out
③very difficult to make it ④to push the closed door
⑤so much difficulty to handle ⑥to make the window open
⑦To leave the frightening place ⑧to reach a safe place
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个考古发现：考古学家在墨西哥南部发现了一艘玛雅人的木船。
1．to be 考查固定短语。(be) believed to be ...“被认为是……”。结合句意，此处指这艘木船被认为有1 000多年的历史，故填to be。
2．Measuring 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处在句中作状语，此处measure“量度为”为系动词，不及物，没有被动语态，与句子主语it为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式，因其处于句首，所以首字母大写，故填Measuring。
3．construction 考查名词。此处construction work，意为“建设工程”，故填construction。
4．The 考查冠词。分析可知，此处指这艘木制的玛雅船的3D模型会被制作出来，所以表示特指，空处位于句首，首字母要大写，故填The。
5．copies 考查名词复数。空前allow为动词，所以此处要用名词作宾语。copy“复制品”为可数名词，结合句中“to be made，and to facilitate further study”可知，复制品不止一个，所以此处要用复数，故填copies。
6．what 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，所以应用连接代词what。
7．between 考查固定短语。固定短语between ...and ...“在……和……之间”。结合句意，此处指船存在于公元830年和950年之间，故填between。
8．suffered 考查动词的时态。结合句意可知，此处在讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时，故填suffered。
9．dotted 考查非谓语动词。(be) dotted around“分散在……周围”，此处指城市分散在现代美洲大陆中央周围，故填dotted。
10．but 考查连词。分析句意可知，空前和空后的内容为转折关系，故填but。
Ⅳ.①whether we should go deepsea fishing ②which can provide us with protein and other nutrients ③that it is necessary to stop deepsea fishing ④destroyed the deepsea ecosystem ⑤so that we can have sustainable fish resources
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