(共76张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Learning About Language Using Language
新知学习一课过
NO 1
积词汇/由记准到用活
NO 2
通句式/由规则到熟用
NO 3
课时跟踪检测
目 录
新学词汇·归类记清
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．see her lately ______见过她
2．ask for my input 征求我的______
3．sing a different tune 唱不同的______
4．build a cardiac hospital 建造一所____专科医院
No.1 积词汇/由记准到用活
最近
意见
曲调
心脏
5．do a circuit of the rural villages 到偏远的农村_____
6．relay the message to his boss 将这个消息____给他的老板
7．the most important criterion for entry 最重要的参赛_____
8．a hypothetical question ________问题
巡回
转发
标准
假定的
二、重点单词——写其形
1．______ the hole in the pipe 把管子上的那个洞塞住
2．______ from the government 从政府辞职
3．_______ a fair chance 应享有公平的机会
4．_______ a disease 感染疾病
5．____ for peace 祈求和平
plug
resign
deserve
contract
pray
三、活用单词——悉其变
consultation
consult
consultant
stability
stable
stably
disabled
disabilities
四、拓展构词——明其规
1.stability:“adj.+-ity”→n.
[依“规”串记]
①popular→popularity 流行；普及
②real→reality 现实；真实
③equal→equality 平等
④similar→similarity 相似性
2．disabled：dis-否定前缀
[依“规”串记]
①disagree 不同意
②dishonest 不诚实的
③disappear 消失；不见
④discomfort 不舒服
五、高级词块——通其用
1． _______________ 对……负责
2．___________ 急需；需要
3．_____________ 说实话；老实说
4. _________________ 好好照料
5．____________ 除了
be responsible for
in need of
to be honest
take good care of
except for
6．_______ 先于；早于
7．_____________________ 对……产生巨大影响
8．_________________ 认为(……)是理所当然；对(……)不予重视
9. ______________ 此外
10．____________ 转达给……；转发给……
11．___________ 但愿
12．__________ 对……感到自豪
prior to
make a big difference to
take (...) for granted
in addition
relay to
pray that
be proud of
重点词汇·深化学习
1．One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continue to help the disabled after I resign from my job.
我的一个梦想是辞职后在非洲工作，继续帮助残疾人。
★resign vi.& vt.辞职；辞去
[用法感知]
①Unexpectedly, he resigned as chairman of the Students' Council in the school.
出乎意料的是，他辞去了学校学生会主席的职务。
②(“人生态度”写作佳句)Even though I fail one hundred times, I will not resign myself to fate.
即使我失败一百次，我也不会向命运屈服。
[归纳点拨]
resign one's post/position 辞去职务
resign from ... 从……辞职
resign as ... 辞去作为……的职务
resign oneself to (doing) sth. 听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事
resign sb.to ... 把某人委托给……
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③He has resigned _______(he) to the fact that he will lose his job.
④More and more parents resign their children ____their grandparents at home while working in the city.
⑤When I began to work，Mr Brown ________________________
_________for some reasons.当我开始工作的时候，布朗先生已经因为一些原因从这家公司辞职了。
himself
to
had resigned from the
company
2．I think everyone deserves the right to be happy ...
我认为每个人都值得拥有幸福的权利……
★deserve vt.值得；应得；应受
[用法感知]
①(“人生态度”写作佳句)Everyone should deserve to study hard and keep pace with the development of the society.
每个人都应该努力学习，跟上社会的发展。
②He is a responsible writer, and he deserves respecting/to be respected.
他是个有责任感的作家，理应受人尊敬。
③(“建议”类写作佳句)What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone's ideas deserve consideration.
首先要保持一个开放的心态，因为每个人的想法都值得考虑。
归纳 点拨 deserve to do sth. 值得做/应该做某事
deserve to be done/deserve doing……值得做/应该被做
deserve consideration/attention/praise值得考虑/关注/表扬
联想 发散 类似deserve后接动L名词的主动形式表示被动意义的动词还有：need, want, require等。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④Since he had broken the rule, he deserved __________________
_________(punish)．
⑤He has worked very hard and deserves _________(pass) the exam.
⑥His proposals____________________________________________. I hold the belief that you _________________if you follow them.
他的建议值得考虑。我相信如果你遵循这些建议，你应该会成功。
punishing/to be
punished
to pass
deserve consideration/considering/to be considered
deserve to succeed
3．And, while the country is quite beautiful and has much natural wealth, many of the people are quite poor and live without things we take for granted, such as electricity, running water, cars and good transport systems, and supermarkets.
此外，尽管这个国家风景美丽、物产丰饶，但许多人仍然十分贫穷；我们认为理所当然的东西，在他们的生活中都没有，比如电、自来水、汽车和便捷的交通系统，以及超市。
★take (...) for granted认为(……)是理所当然；对(……)不予重视
[用法感知]
①(“人际关系”写作佳句)If you take your friends for granted, you may not have friends for very long.
如果你对朋友不予重视，那你也许不会有长久的朋友。
②(“家庭关系”写作佳句)Some of us always take it for granted that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.
我们中的有些人总是理所当然地认为，父母或祖父母应该照顾我们。
[归纳点拨]
take sb./sth.for granted (因习以为常)不把……当回事
take it for granted＋that从句 认为……理所当然
take sth. seriously 严肃对待某事；认真对待某事
[应用融会] (完成句子)
③Don't ____________________________.
不要认为他的帮助是理所当然的。
④We shouldn't ________________________.
我们不要认为什么都是理所当然的。
⑤I just _______________________ he'd always be around.
我只是想当然地以为他总能随叫随到。
take his help for granted
take anything for granted
took it for granted that
4．My mother also does a circuit of the rural villages to provide medical treatment, help those with disabilities, and provide consultation and training for local doctors.
我妈妈还到偏远的农村巡诊，提供医疗服务，帮助残疾人，并为当地医生提供咨询和培训。
★consultation n．咨询；咨询会
[用法感知]
①(“学习生活”写作佳句)I made up my mind to major in English in the future after consultation with my parents and teachers.
在咨询了我的父母和老师后，我决定将来主修英语专业。
②(“语言学习”写作佳句)When it comes to improving your English, you'd better consult a dictionary when you desire to master the usage of a word.谈到提高你的英语，当你想掌握一个英语单词的用法时，你最好查词典。
归纳 点拨 (1)in consultation with 与……磋商/诊疗 joint consultation 共同磋商
(2)consult v． 咨询；请教；商量；参考；查阅 consult sb. about sth. 就某事请教/咨询某人 consult sth. about sth. 就……而查阅某物 consult with sb. about/on sth. 就某事与某人商量
易混 辨析 consult 表示“查阅”时，相当于refer to或turn to，后面接查询的工具
look up 表示“查阅”时，后面接需查询的问题或内容
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
③If you wish good advice, consult an old man ________ it.
④She consulted _______her parents ____________the way to do the matter.
about
with
about/on
⑤The plans were drawn up _________________the World Health Organisation.这些方案是与世界卫生组织磋商后起草的。
⑥You'd better ______________ before you make up your mind.
在你做决定之前最好向他咨询一下。
in consultation with
consult him
(2)选词填空(consult, look up)
⑦I ____________ the telephone book for his number.
⑧While reading, it's not necessary to ___________ every new word you come across.
consulted
look up
5．Today, I want to relay to you that I'm proud of the work my mother has done, and I am now supportive of it.
今天，我想向你们传递的信息是，我为我妈妈所做的工作感到自豪，现在我对此表示支持。
★relay vt.转发；转播n.接力赛；接班的人
[用法感知]
①(“传统文化”写作佳句)In ancient times the Chinese used to relay messages along the Great Wall by lighting fires.
在古代，中国人通过沿着长城点燃烽火传递信息。
②(“学习生活”写作佳句)I want to relay to you that I'm getting on well with my lessons with the enthusiastic help of my teachers and classmates.我想告诉你们的是，在我的老师和同学们的热情帮助下，我的功课进展得很顺利。
③They raced to a thrilling victory in the relay.
他们在接力赛中取得了激动人心的胜利。
[归纳点拨]
relay out 发送；转播或传送
relay to 转达给……；转发给……
[应用融会] (完成句子)
④Tom's prospects of beating John ____________ looked poor.
汤姆要在接力赛中战胜约翰，前景看上去并不那么乐观。
⑤The classroom was crowded, so electronic equipment was used to ____________________to the students.
教室里挤满了人， 所以就用电子设备把这节课向学生转播。
⑥Will you _____________________ when you see him
你见到他时，给他带个口信好吗？
in the relay
relay the lesson out
relay a message to him
6．In the future, I pray that you will do the same.
我期盼，未来你们也会这样做。
★pray vi.& vt.企盼；祈祷
[用法感知]
①We are praying for good weather on Saturday.
我们正企盼星期六是个好天气。
②I prayed that nobody would notice my mistake.
但愿没人注意到我的错误。
③(“祝愿”类写作佳句)If I had a wish that I could pray for you, I'd wish you all the way sunshine.
如果我有一个愿望可以为你祈祷，我愿你一路阳光普照。
[归纳点拨]
(1)pray for 祈求；祈祷
pray to sb.(for sb./sth.) 向某人祈祷/祷告
pray sb.to do sth. 恳求某人做某事
(2)pray that 但愿
(3)pray sb. that ...＝pray to sb. that ... 恳求/祈求某人……
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④The farmers are praying ______ rain.
⑤I pray you ______ such drastic action should not be taken.
⑥I pray you _________ (be) careful.
⑦They ____________ their enemies might be defeated.
他们祈求他们的敌人被打败。
⑧I ___________________ through every rainy and shining day.
我祈祷与你一起走过每一个雨天和晴天。
for
that
to be
prayed that
pray to be with you
1．There is no doubt that these activities will leave you with unforgettable memories.
毫无疑问，这些活动将给你留下难忘的回忆。
There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”。
No.2 通句式/由规则到熟用
(1)doubt作名词，用在否定句中时，that引导同位语从句；当doubt用在肯定句中时，后面接whether引导的同位语从句，注意不可以用if替换。
(2)doubt可作及物动词，后接名词、代词或宾语从句。在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句；在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①There _______ (be) no doubt that I have little difficulty communicating with foreigners.
②There is no doubt ________children there are badly in need of care and help.
③You can complain, but I doubt ________ it will make any difference.
is
that
if/whether
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④秋季运动会是否会在我们学校举行还有一些疑问。
________________________________the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school.
⑤毫无疑问，诺伍德的急救知识挽救了西蒙的生命。
________________________Norwood's knowledge of first aid saved Simmon's life.
There is still some doubt whether
There is no doubt that
2.Now that I understand how important my mother's work is, I've decided to become a volunteer myself to help people in other lands.
既然我明白了我妈妈的工作有多么重要，我已经决定自己也成为一名志愿者，去帮助其他国家的人。
now that“既然，由于”，在意思和用法上同since，引导原因状语从句，口语中that可省略。
(1)引导原因状语从句的连词还有：since, because, as, considering (that), in that等。
(2)引导原因状语的短语：due to, thanks to, because of, as a result of, owing to, on account of等。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构
(单句语法填空/同义句转换)
①Most didn't know the answers ______________they learn by rote.
②Since you have finished your homework, you can go to play outside now.
→_____________ you have finished your homework, you can go to play outside now.
because/as/since
Now that
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
③既然大家都到齐了，我们就开始开会吧。
_____________________________, let's begin our meeting.
④既然你已经长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母了。
_______________________________, you should not rely on your parents.
Now that/Since everyone is here
Now that/Since you have grown up
No.3 课时跟踪检测
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Optimism about the economy of that country has been a rare commodity _______ (最近)．
2．The X-ray detectors feed the ______(信息) into computer programs.
3．She'll also be playing your favourite pop ________(曲子)．
lately
input
tunes
4．It's a common problem, the one I'm asked about most when I'm on the lecture ________ (巡回)．
5．He spent his time ________ (祈祷) and studying.
6．Only social practice can be the ___________ (标准) of truth.
7．The company won an important ___________(合同) for work on Chicago's tallest building.
8．Twenty minutes later, she took the _______ (堵塞物) of cotton wool from her ear.
circuit
praying
criterion
contract
plug
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Peace and _________(stable) in the world need the active involvement of China.
2．Don't take ____for granted, and even an experienced climber can get into trouble.
3．She became a brilliant pianist in spite of her ____________
(disable)．
4．We make the decision in ___________(consult) with the union members.
stability
it
disability
consultation
5．You should take what he said ___________ (serious)．
6．I thought I should relay the message ____ my teacher.
7．He deserves ___________________ (praise) for what he did.
8．He resigned ____ head of the department because of poor health condition.
seriously
to
praising/to be praised
as
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．______________________ we might be successful in our research program.
我们都祈祷我们的研究项目能够取得成功。
2．_____________________________, we will succeed in time.
既然我们已经采取了措施，我们最终会成功的。
We all prayed that
Now that we have taken measures
3．He ______________a novel, which will be finished next month.
他一直在写一部小说，将于下月完成。
4．The advantage is that smiling can________________________
______________.其优势在于微笑不仅能让我们高兴而且能愉悦别人。
5．___________________ we have benefited a lot from the rapid development of the Internet.毫无疑问，我们从互联网的快速发展中受益良多。
has been writing
not only make us happy but
also please others
There is no doubt that
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
“When I first started learning calligraphy, I just copied the teacher's strokes (笔画), and my work was ugly.” said Aryan from Afghanistan.He is currently a graduate student in Beijing, 1 in International Education of the Chinese language.
During his six-year stay in China, he discovered the 2 of Chinese culture.He also realized that Chinese is steadily becoming a(n) 3 language, and more people around the world want to communicate smoothly with Chinese.
To his surprise, the curriculum for foreign students in China 4 the classroom.The school organizes extra-curricular 5 to help them learn and experience 6 and culture. After closer and deeper 7 with Chinese culture, Aryan found his hobby: calligraphy.
“Initially, I didn't know much Chinese and thought calligraphy would be difficult，” Aryan said. “Later on, I found out that calligraphy can help me 8 my Chinese language skills and my understanding of Chinese culture.”
He used to 9 the idea that writing Chinese characters was all about writing them neatly. But he later found out that this view is 10 . Calligraphy helps him to understand both each stroke and the Chinese 11 toward life.The horizontal, vertical (垂直的) and left and right falling stokes on the paper 12 Chinese people's unique symbols and memories. They are also the hidden 13 to better understanding Chinese culture.
Not only did Aryan gain a deeper 14 of Chinese characters, but he also developed a more mature personality along the way. Calligraphy gives him strength when he feels 15 and lost, finding his inner peace.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了北京的一名研究生雅利安学习中文书法的过程以及在学习书法过程中得到一些关于汉字和中国文化的感悟。
1．A.majoring B.settling
C．bringing D.resulting
解析：上文“He is currently a graduate student”提到了他是研究生，所以此处指他主修的课程是汉语国际教育。
√
2．A.problem B.pattern
C．richness D.resource
解析：根据后文“of Chinese culture”以及他对于书法的感悟可知，在中国的六年里，他发现了中国文化的丰富多彩。
√
3．A.native B.official
C．international D.formal
解析：根据后文“more people around the world want to communicate smoothly with Chinese”可知，世界上越来越多的人希望用汉语进行顺畅的交流，说明汉语正在稳步成为一门国际语言。
√
4．A.goes against B.takes up
C．takes over D.goes beyond
解析：后文“The school organizes extra-curricular”提到学校组织课外课程，说明课程不仅仅局限于课堂，还超越了课堂。
√
5．A.conferences B.activities
C．subjects D.competitions
解析：根据上文“The school organizes extra-curricular”可知，此处指学校组织课外活动，应用activities。
√
6．A.economy B.life
C．work D.pleasure
解析：根据后文“and culture”以及上文提到组织课外活动可知，此处指体验生活和文化。
√
7．A.competition B.content
C．combination D.contact
解析：根据后文“with Chinese culture, Aryan found his hobby: calligraphy”可知，经过更深入接触中国文化，雅利安发现了自己的爱好：书法。
√
8．A.improve B.recognize
C．adjust D.find
解析：根据后文“my Chinese language skills and my understanding of Chinese culture”可知，书法可以帮助他提高汉语水平和对中国文化的了解。
√
9．A.hold B.oppose
C．break D.suspect
解析：根据后文“the idea that writing Chinese characters was all about writing them neatly”可知，此处为短语hold the idea that表示“认为”。
√
10．A.positive B.contradictory
C．wrong D.objective
解析：上文提到他曾经认为写汉字只要写得工整就行，下文则说书法可以帮助了解中国人的生活态度，由此可知，之前的观点是错误的。
√
11．A.direction B.step
C．attitude D.effort
解析：根据后文“toward life”可知，此处为短语attitude toward，表示“对……的态度”。
√
12．A.supply B.represent
C．sense D.recall
解析：根据后文“Chinese people's unique symbols and memories”可知，笔画代表了中国人独特的符号和记忆。
√
13．A.responses B.admissions
C．reactions D.keys
解析：根据空后“to better understanding Chinese culture”可知，汉字的笔画也是更好地理解中国文化看不见的钥匙。the key to表示“……的钥匙”。
√
14．A.function B.ability
C．form D.knowledge
解析：根据后文“of Chinese characters”以及上文提到他对书法的感悟可知，他对汉字知识有了更深入的了解。
√
15．A.stressed B.inspired
C．determined D.interrupted
解析：根据后文“and lost”可知，此处指他感到有压力和失落。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空
Cui Zhenshuo and Yang Bo discovered that because of the far location of most paper workshops and lifestyles of the paper-making craftsmen, their products are unable to reach the market 1 (easy). Therefore, Cui and Yang came up 2 the idea of establishing their own studio that could serve as a bridge to connect far workshops with buyers to advance 3 (tradition) Chinese handmade paper.
Chu is a kind of tree. 4 (it) bark (树皮) is a common material that was used in paper-making in ancient times. Han Yu, a famous 5 (write) during the Tang Dynasty (618－907), called paper Mr. Chu in his work Biography of Mao Ying. Since then, it 6 (use) as a nickname (昵称) for paper by Chinese scholars. In 2019, Cui and Yang named their own studio “I am Mr. Chu.”， and they focused on 7 (run) it.
Du Weisheng, an expert in the restoration (修复) of ancient books at the National Library of China, told them that, in 8 1990s, many Chinese paper relics needed to be repaired with handmade paper that allowed people to find information on various paper styles.
The two began to create the series of handmade paper products from 2021. Each volume is made up of thirty types of handmade paper, each of 9 is sourced from its place of origin. At present, two volumes of the series have been produced, and they plan 10 (make) ten volumes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Cui Zhenshuo和Yang Bo建立造纸工作室，推进中国传统手工纸的发展。
1．easily 考查副词。此处修饰动词reach，应用副词easily“容易地”，作状语。
2．with 考查介词。固定短语come up with“提出，想出”，故填with。
3．traditional 考查形容词。此处修饰名词短语Chinese handmade paper，应用形容词traditional“传统的”，作定语。
4．Its 考查代词。此处修饰名词bark，应用形容词性物主代词its，且位于句首，首字母应大写，故填Its。
5．writer 考查名词。结合空前的“a”可知，此处应填名词，韩愈指人，故此处用表示人的名词writer“作家”。
6．has been used 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语it指代上文的“Mr. Chu”，和动词use之间是被动关系；结合时间状语“Since then”可知，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态；主语表示单数意义，故填has been used。
7．running 考查非谓语动词。此处作介词on的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填running。
8．the 考查冠词。此处表示“在20世纪90年代”，应用in the 1990s，故填the。
9．which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是thirty types of handmade paper，指物，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。
10．to make 考查非谓语动词。固定短语plan to do sth.“计划做某事”，应用动词不定式作宾语，故填to make。
新学词汇·归类记清
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．see her lately _____________见过她
2．ask for my input 征求我的__________
3．sing a different tune 唱不同的__________
4．build a cardiac hospital 建造一所____专科医院
5．do a circuit of the rural villages 到偏远的农村______
6．relay the message to his boss 将这个消息__________给他的老板
7．the most important criterion for entry 最重要的参赛______
8．a hypothetical question ______________问题
二、重点单词——写其形
1．__________ the hole in the pipe 把管子上的那个洞塞住
2．______ from the government 从政府辞职
3．________ a fair chance 应享有公平的机会
4．__________ a disease 感染疾病
5．__________ for peace 祈求和平
三、活用单词——悉其变
1.
2.
3.
四、拓展构词——明其规
1．stability：“adj.＋ ity” →n.
[依“规”串记]
①popular→popularity 流行；普及
②real→reality 现实；真实
③equal→equality 平等
④similar→similarity 相似性
2．disabled：dis 否定前缀
[依“规”串记]
①disagree 不同意 ②dishonest 不诚实的
③disappear 消失；不见 ④discomfort 不舒服
五、高级词块——通其用
1．______________ 对……负责
2．______________ 急需；需要
3．______________ 说实话；老实说
4．______________ 好好照料
5．______________ 除了
6．______________ 先于；早于
7．______________ 对……产生巨大影响
8．______________ 认为(……)是理所当然；对(……)不予重视
9．______________ 此外
10．______________ 转达给……；转发给……
11．______________ 但愿
12．______________ 对……感到自豪
重点词汇·深化学习
1．One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continue to help the disabled after I resign from my job.
我的一个梦想是辞职后在非洲工作，继续帮助残疾人。
★resign vi.& vt.辞职；辞去
[用法感知]
①Unexpectedly, he resigned as chairman of the Students' Council in the school.
出乎意料的是，他辞去了学校学生会主席的职务。
②(“人生态度”写作佳句)Even though I fail one hundred times, I will not resign myself to fate.
即使我失败一百次，我也不会向命运屈服。
[归纳点拨]
resign one's post/position 辞去职务
resign from ... 从……辞职
resign as ... 辞去作为……的职务
resign oneself to (doing) sth. 听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事
resign sb.to ... 把某人委托给……
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③He has resigned __________ (he) to the fact that he will lose his job.
④More and more parents resign their children __________ their grandparents at home while working in the city.
⑤When I began to work，Mr Brown ______________________________________________ for some reasons.
当我开始工作的时候，布朗先生已经因为一些原因从这家公司辞职了。
2．I think everyone deserves the right to be happy ...
我认为每个人都值得拥有幸福的权利……
★deserve vt.值得；应得；应受
[用法感知]
①(“人生态度”写作佳句)Everyone should deserve to study hard and keep pace with the development of the society.
每个人都应该努力学习，跟上社会的发展。
②He is a responsible writer, and he deserves respecting/to be respected.
他是个有责任感的作家，理应受人尊敬。
③(“建议”类写作佳句)What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone's ideas deserve consideration.
首先要保持一个开放的心态，因为每个人的想法都值得考虑。
归纳点拨 deserve to do sth. 值得做/应该做某事deserve to be done/deserve doing ……值得做/应该被做deserve consideration/attention/praise 值得考虑/关注/表扬
联想发散 类似deserve后接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义的动词还有：need, want, require等。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④Since he had broken the rule, he deserved __________________________ (punish)．
⑤He has worked very hard and deserves __________ (pass) the exam.
⑥His proposals __________________________________________________. I hold the belief that you ____________________ if you follow them.
他的建议值得考虑。我相信如果你遵循这些建议，你应该会成功。
3．And, while the country is quite beautiful and has much natural wealth, many of the people are quite poor and live without things we take for granted, such as electricity, running water, cars and good transport systems, and supermarkets.
此外，尽管这个国家风景美丽、物产丰饶，但许多人仍然十分贫穷；我们认为理所当然的东西，在他们的生活中都没有，比如电、自来水、汽车和便捷的交通系统，以及超市。
★take (...) for granted认为(……)是理所当然；对(……)不予重视
[用法感知]
①(“人际关系”写作佳句)If you take your friends for granted, you may not have friends for very long.
如果你对朋友不予重视，那你也许不会有长久的朋友。
②(“家庭关系”写作佳句)Some of us always take it for granted that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.
我们中的有些人总是理所当然地认为，父母或祖父母应该照顾我们。
[归纳点拨]
take sb./sth.for granted (因习以为常)不把……当回事
take it for granted＋that从句 认为……理所当然
take sth. seriously 严肃对待某事；认真对待某事
[应用融会] (完成句子)
③Don't ______________________________.
不要认为他的帮助是理所当然的。
④We shouldn't ________________________.
我们不要认为什么都是理所当然的。
⑤I just ______________________ he'd always be around.
我只是想当然地以为他总能随叫随到。
4．My mother also does a circuit of the rural villages to provide medical treatment, help those with disabilities, and provide consultation and training for local doctors.
我妈妈还到偏远的农村巡诊，提供医疗服务，帮助残疾人，并为当地医生提供咨询和培训。
★consultation n．咨询；咨询会
[用法感知]
①(“学习生活”写作佳句)I made up my mind to major in English in the future after consultation with my parents and teachers.
在咨询了我的父母和老师后，我决定将来主修英语专业。
②(“语言学习”写作佳句)When it comes to improving your English, you'd better consult a dictionary when you desire to master the usage of a word.
谈到提高你的英语，当你想掌握一个英语单词的用法时，你最好查词典。
归纳点拨 (1)in consultation with 与……磋商/诊疗joint consultation 共同磋商(2)consult v． 咨询；请教；商量；参考；查阅consult sb. about sth. 就某事请教/咨询某人consult sth. about sth. 就……而查阅某物consult with sb. about/on sth. 就某事与某人商量
易混辨析 consult 表示“查阅”时，相当于refer to或turn to，后面接查询的工具
look up 表示“查阅”时，后面接需查询的问题或内容
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
③If you wish good advice, consult an old man __________ it.
④She consulted ______________ her parents __________ the way to do the matter.
⑤The plans were drawn up ________________ the World Health Organisation.
这些方案是与世界卫生组织磋商后起草的。
⑥You'd better ______________ before you make up your mind.
在你做决定之前最好向他咨询一下。
(2)选词填空(consult, look up)
⑦I ______________ the telephone book for his number.
⑧While reading, it's not necessary to ______________ every new word you come across.
5．Today, I want to relay to you that I'm proud of the work my mother has done, and I am now supportive of it.
今天，我想向你们传递的信息是，我为我妈妈所做的工作感到自豪，现在我对此表示支持。
★relay vt.转发；转播n.接力赛；接班的人
[用法感知]
①(“传统文化”写作佳句)In ancient times the Chinese used to relay messages along the Great Wall by lighting fires.
在古代，中国人通过沿着长城点燃烽火传递信息。
②(“学习生活”写作佳句)I want to relay to you that I'm getting on well with my lessons with the enthusiastic help of my teachers and classmates.
我想告诉你们的是，在我的老师和同学们的热情帮助下，我的功课进展得很顺利。
③They raced to a thrilling victory in the relay.
他们在接力赛中取得了激动人心的胜利。
[归纳点拨]
relay out 发送；转播或传送
relay to 转达给……；转发给……
[应用融会] (完成句子)
④Tom's prospects of beating John ________________________ looked poor.
汤姆要在接力赛中战胜约翰，前景看上去并不那么乐观。
⑤The classroom was crowded, so electronic equipment was used to __________________ to the students.
教室里挤满了人，所以就用电子设备把这节课向学生转播。
⑥Will you ____________________ when you see him
你见到他时，给他带个口信好吗？
6．In the future, I pray that you will do the same.
我期盼，未来你们也会这样做。
★pray vi.& vt.企盼；祈祷
[用法感知]
①We are praying for good weather on Saturday.
我们正企盼星期六是个好天气。
②I prayed that nobody would notice my mistake.
但愿没人注意到我的错误。
③(“祝愿”类写作佳句)If I had a wish that I could pray for you, I'd wish you all the way sunshine.
如果我有一个愿望可以为你祈祷，我愿你一路阳光普照。
[归纳点拨]
(1)pray for 祈求；祈祷
pray to sb.(for sb./sth.) 向某人祈祷/祷告
pray sb.to do sth. 恳求某人做某事
(2)pray that 但愿
(3)pray sb. that ...＝pray to sb. that ... 恳求/祈求某人……
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④The farmers are praying __________ rain.
⑤I pray you __________ such drastic action should not be taken.
⑥I pray you ____________ (be) careful.
⑦They ______________ their enemies might be defeated.
他们祈求他们的敌人被打败。
⑧I ____________________ through every rainy and shining day.
我祈祷与你一起走过每一个雨天和晴天。
1．There is no doubt that these activities will leave you with unforgettable memories.
毫无疑问，这些活动将给你留下难忘的回忆。
There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”。
(1)doubt作名词，用在否定句中时，that引导同位语从句；当doubt用在肯定句中时，后面接whether引导的同位语从句，注意不可以用if替换。
(2)doubt可作及物动词，后接名词、代词或宾语从句。在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句；在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①There __________ (be) no doubt that I have little difficulty communicating with foreigners.
②There is no doubt __________ children there are badly in need of care and help.
③You can complain, but I doubt __________ it will make any difference.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④秋季运动会是否会在我们学校举行还有一些疑问。
__________________________ the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school.
⑤毫无疑问，诺伍德的急救知识挽救了西蒙的生命。
______________________________ Norwood's knowledge of first aid saved Simmon's life.
2．Now that I understand how important my mother's work is, I've decided to become a volunteer myself to help people in other lands.
既然我明白了我妈妈的工作有多么重要，我已经决定自己也成为一名志愿者，去帮助其他国家的人。
now that“既然，由于”，在意思和用法上同since，引导原因状语从句，口语中that可省略。
(1)引导原因状语从句的连词还有：since, because, as, considering (that), in that等。
(2)引导原因状语的短语：due to, thanks to, because of, as a result of, owing to, on account of等。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构
(单句语法填空/同义句转换)
①Most didn't know the answers ____________ they learn by rote.
②Since you have finished your homework, you can go to play outside now.
→________________ you have finished your homework, you can go to play outside now.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
③既然大家都到齐了，我们就开始开会吧。
______________________________， let's begin our meeting.
④既然你已经长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母了。
______________________________， you should not rely on your parents.
Section Ⅳ
NO.1 积词汇
新学词汇·归类记清
一、1.最近 2.意见 3.曲调 4.心脏 5.巡回 6.转发
7．标准 8.假定的
二、1.plug 2.resign 3.deserve 4.contract 5.pray
三、1.①consultation ②consult ③consultant
2．①stability ②stable ③stably
3．①disabled ②disabilities
五、1.be responsible for 2.in need of 3.to be honest 4.take good care of 5.except for 6.prior to 7.make a big difference to 8.take (...) for granted 9.in addition 10.relay to
11．pray that 12.be proud of
重点词汇·深化学习
1．③himself ④to ⑤had resigned from the company
2．④punishing/to be punished ⑤to pass ⑥deserve consideration/considering/to be considered; deserve to succeed
3．③take his help for granted ④take anything for granted
⑤took it for granted that
4．③about ④with; about/on ⑤in consultation with
⑥consult him ⑦consulted ⑧look up
5．④in the relay ⑤relay the lesson out
⑥relay a message to him
6．④for ⑤that ⑥to be ⑦prayed that ⑧pray to be with you
NO.2 通句式
1．①is ②that ③if/whether
④There is still some doubt whether ⑤There is no doubt that
2．①because/as/since ②Now that ③Now that/Since everyone is here ④Now that/Since you have grown up
8 / 8UNIT 4 课时检测(四) 新知学习一课过
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Optimism about the economy of that country has been a rare commodity __________ (最近)．
2．The X ray detectors feed the __________ (信息) into computer programs.
3．She'll also be playing your favourite pop __________ (曲子)．
4．It's a common problem, the one I'm asked about most when I'm on the lecture ___________ (巡回)．
5．He spent his time __________ (祈祷) and studying.
6．Only social practice can be the __________ (标准) of truth.
7．The company won an important __________ (合同) for work on Chicago's tallest building.
8．Twenty minutes later, she took the __________ (堵塞物) of cotton wool from her ear.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Peace and __________ (stable) in the world need the active involvement of China.
2．Don't take __________ for granted, and even an experienced climber can get into trouble.
3．She became a brilliant pianist in spite of her __________ (disable)．
4．We make the decision in __________ (consult) with the union members.
5．You should take what he said __________ (serious)．
6．I thought I should relay the message __________ my teacher.
7．He deserves ________________ (praise) for what he did.
8．He resigned __________ head of the department because of poor health condition.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．______________________ we might be successful in our research program.
我们都祈祷我们的研究项目能够取得成功。
2．______________________________， we will succeed in time.
既然我们已经采取了措施，我们最终会成功的。
3．He ____________________ a novel, which will be finished next month.
他一直在写一部小说，将于下月完成。
4．The advantage is that smiling can ________________________________________.
其优势在于微笑不仅能让我们高兴而且能愉悦别人。
5．____________________ we have benefited a lot from the rapid development of the Internet.
毫无疑问，我们从互联网的快速发展中受益良多。
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
“When I first started learning calligraphy, I just copied the teacher's strokes (笔画), and my work was ugly.” said Aryan from Afghanistan.He is currently a graduate student in Beijing, __1__ in International Education of the Chinese language.
During his six year stay in China, he discovered the __2__ of Chinese culture.He also realized that Chinese is steadily becoming a(n) __3__ language, and more people around the world want to communicate smoothly with Chinese.
To his surprise, the curriculum for foreign students in China __4__ the classroom.The school organizes extra curricular __5__ to help them learn and experience __6__ and culture. After closer and deeper __7__ with Chinese culture, Aryan found his hobby: calligraphy.
“Initially, I didn't know much Chinese and thought calligraphy would be difficult，” Aryan said. “Later on, I found out that calligraphy can help me __8__ my Chinese language skills and my understanding of Chinese culture.”
He used to __9__ the idea that writing Chinese characters was all about writing them neatly. But he later found out that this view is __10__. Calligraphy helps him to understand both each stroke and the Chinese __11__ toward life.The horizontal, vertical (垂直的) and left and right falling stokes on the paper __12__ Chinese people's unique symbols and memories. They are also the hidden __13__ to better understanding Chinese culture.
Not only did Aryan gain a deeper __14__ of Chinese characters, but he also developed a more mature personality along the way. Calligraphy gives him strength when he feels __15__ and lost, finding his inner peace.
1.A.majoring B．settling
C．bringing D．resulting
2．A.problem B．pattern
C．richness D．resource
3．A.native B．official
C．international D．formal
4．A.goes against B．takes up
C．takes over D．goes beyond
5．A.conferences B．activities
C．subjects D．competitions
6．A.economy B．life
C．work D．pleasure
7．A.competition B．content
C．combination D．contact
8．A.improve B．recognize
C．adjust D．find
9．A.hold B．oppose
C．break D．suspect
10．A.positive B．contradictory
C．wrong D．objective
11．A.direction B．step
C．attitude D．effort
12．A.supply B．represent
C．sense D．recall
13．A.responses B．admissions
C．reactions D．keys
14．A.function B．ability
C．form D．knowledge
15．A.stressed B．inspired
C．determined D．interrupted
Ⅱ.语法填空
Cui Zhenshuo and Yang Bo discovered that because of the far location of most paper workshops and lifestyles of the paper making craftsmen, their products are unable to reach the market __1__ (easy). Therefore, Cui and Yang came up __2__ the idea of establishing their own studio that could serve as a bridge to connect far workshops with buyers to advance __3__ (tradition) Chinese handmade paper.
Chu is a kind of tree. __4__ (it) bark (树皮) is a common material that was used in paper making in ancient times. Han Yu, a famous __5__ (write) during the Tang Dynasty (618－907), called paper Mr. Chu in his work Biography of Mao Ying. Since then, it __6__ (use) as a nickname (昵称) for paper by Chinese scholars. In 2019, Cui and Yang named their own studio “I am Mr. Chu.”， and they focused on __7__ (run) it.
Du Weisheng, an expert in the restoration (修复) of ancient books at the National Library of China, told them that, in __8__ 1990s, many Chinese paper relics needed to be repaired with handmade paper that allowed people to find information on various paper styles.
The two began to create the series of handmade paper products from 2021. Each volume is made up of thirty types of handmade paper, each of __9__ is sourced from its place of origin. At present, two volumes of the series have been produced, and they plan __10__ (make) ten volumes.
UNIT 4 课时检测(四)
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.1.lately 2.input 3.tunes 4.circuit 5.praying
6．criterion 7.contract 8.plug
Ⅱ.1.stability 2.it 3.disability 4.consultation 5.seriously
6．to 7.praising/to be praised 8.as
Ⅲ.1.We all prayed that 2.Now that we have taken measures 3.has been writing 4.not only make us happy but also please others 5.There is no doubt that
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了北京的一名研究生雅利安学习中文书法的过程以及在学习书法过程中得到一些关于汉字和中国文化的感悟。
1．选A 上文“He is currently a graduate student”提到了他是研究生，所以此处指他主修的课程是汉语国际教育。
2．选C 根据后文“of Chinese culture”以及他对于书法的感悟可知，在中国的六年里，他发现了中国文化的丰富多彩。
3．选C 根据后文“more people around the world want to communicate smoothly with Chinese”可知，世界上越来越多的人希望用汉语进行顺畅的交流，说明汉语正在稳步成为一门国际语言。
4．选D 后文“The school organizes extracurricular”提到学校组织课外课程，说明课程不仅仅局限于课堂，还超越了课堂。
5．选B 根据上文“The school organizes extracurricular”可知，此处指学校组织课外活动，应用activities。
6．选B 根据后文“and culture”以及上文提到组织课外活动可知，此处指体验生活和文化。
7．选D 根据后文“with Chinese culture, Aryan found his hobby: calligraphy”可知，经过更深入接触中国文化，雅利安发现了自己的爱好：书法。
8．选A 根据后文“my Chinese language skills and my understanding of Chinese culture”可知，书法可以帮助他提高汉语水平和对中国文化的了解。
9．选A 根据后文“the idea that writing Chinese characters was all about writing them neatly”可知，此处为短语hold the idea that表示“认为”。
10．选C 上文提到他曾经认为写汉字只要写得工整就行，下文则说书法可以帮助了解中国人的生活态度，由此可知，之前的观点是错误的。
11．选C 根据后文“toward life”可知，此处为短语attitude toward，表示“对……的态度”。
12．选B 根据后文“Chinese people's unique symbols and memories”可知，笔画代表了中国人独特的符号和记忆。
13．选D 根据空后“to better understanding Chinese culture”可知，汉字的笔画也是更好地理解中国文化看不见的钥匙。the key to表示“……的钥匙”。
14．选D 根据后文“of Chinese characters”以及上文提到他对书法的感悟可知，他对汉字知识有了更深入的了解。
15．选A 根据后文“and lost”可知，此处指他感到有压力和失落。
Ⅱ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Cui Zhenshuo和Yang Bo建立造纸工作室，推进中国传统手工纸的发展。
1．easily 考查副词。此处修饰动词reach，应用副词easily“容易地”，作状语。
2．with 考查介词。固定短语come up with“提出，想出”，故填with。
3．traditional 考查形容词。此处修饰名词短语Chinese handmade paper，应用形容词traditional“传统的”，作定语。
4．Its 考查代词。此处修饰名词bark，应用形容词性物主代词its，且位于句首，首字母应大写，故填Its。
5．writer 考查名词。结合空前的“a”可知，此处应填名词，韩愈指人，故此处用表示人的名词writer“作家”。
6．has been used 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语it指代上文的“Mr. Chu”，和动词use之间是被动关系；结合时间状语“Since then”可知，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态；主语表示单数意义，故填has been used。
7．running 考查非谓语动词。此处作介词on的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填running。
8．the 考查冠词。此处表示“在20世纪90年代”，应用in the 1990s，故填the。
9．which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是thirty types of handmade paper，指物，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。
10．to make 考查非谓语动词。固定短语plan to do sth.“计划做某事”，应用动词不定式作宾语，故填to make。
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