2026年人教版中考英语复习知识梳理 常见的介词固定搭配

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名称 2026年人教版中考英语复习知识梳理 常见的介词固定搭配
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更新时间 2025-08-12 14:11:18

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常见的介词固定搭配
一、知识点梳理
(一)时间类介词短语
in + 时段 / 范围:
泛指时间:如 in the morning(上午,非具体某天)、in January(一月)、in 2025(年) 。
状态持续:如 in silence(沉默中)、in progress(进行中) 。
on + 具体 / 特殊时间:
具体某天:如 on Monday(周一)、on Christmas Day(圣诞节) 。
特殊搭配:如 on time(按时,强调守时)、on duty(值班) 。
at + 时刻 / 场景:
时刻:如 at 8:00(八点)、at midnight(午夜) 。
场景:如 at breakfast(吃早餐时)、at the age of(在…… 岁时) 。
易混辨析:
in time(及时,强调 “赶上”) vs on time(按时,强调 “守时”):
He arrived in time for the meeting.(他及时赶上了会议);
She is always on time.(她总是准时) 。
(二)地点类介词短语
at + 具体点 / 场所:
场所:如 at school(在学校,表状态)、at the door(在门口,表具体位置) 。
易混:at the table(在桌旁,表位置) vs at table(在吃饭,表活动) 。
in + 封闭 / 范围空间:
空间:如 in the box(在盒子里)、in Beijing(在城市,表大空间) 。
状态:如 in prison(坐牢,表状态)、in hospital(住院,表状态) 。
on + 表面 / 媒介:
表面:如 on the desk(在桌上,接触表面)、on the wall(贴在墙上) 。
媒介:如 on TV(在电视上)、on the phone(通电话) 。
易混辨析:
in charge of(负责,主动) vs in the charge of(被负责,被动):
He is in charge of the project.(他负责这个项目);
The project is in the charge of him.(这个项目由他负责) 。
(三)方式 / 工具类介词短语
by + 工具 / 手段(无冠词):
交通:如 by bus(乘公交)、by air(乘飞机) 。
手段:如 by hand(手工)、by email(通过邮件) 。
with + 工具 / 伴随:
工具:如 with a pen(用钢笔)、with a knife(用刀) 。
伴随:如 with a smile(带着微笑)、with friends(和朋友一起) 。
(四)状态 / 情感类介词短语
in + 状态:
困境:如 in difficulty(处于困境)、in trouble(陷入麻烦) 。
特征:如 in red(穿红衣服)、in public(公开地) 。
out of + 状态(表 “脱离 / 超出”):
脱离:如 out of danger(脱离危险)、out of control(失控) 。
超出:out of question(没问题,= no problem) vs out of the question(不可能,= impossible) 。
(五)方位 / 范围类介词短语
in front of vs in the front of:
in front of(外部前面,如 a tree in front of the house 房子前的树) 。
in the front of(内部前面,如 a seat in the front of the bus 公交车前的座位) 。
between vs among:
between(两者之间,如 between A and B ) 。
among(三者及以上之间,如 among students 学生中) 。
二、易错点深度解析
(一)固定短语的 “零冠词” 陷阱
错误示例:by the bus(交通方式前不加冠词,应为 by bus );
in the hospital(表 “在医院工作”,若表 “住院” 是 in hospital ,冠词改变语义) 。
(二)语义相反的短语辨析
out of question vs out of the question:
It’s out of question that he’ll come.(他肯定来,没问题);
Going there now is out of the question.(现在去不可能) 。
(冠词 “the” 决定 “不可能”,无冠词是 “没问题”) 。
(三)主动 vs 被动的短语差异
in charge of vs in the charge of:
主动(负责):She is in charge of the team.(她管理这个团队);
被动(被管):The team is in the charge of her.(这个团队由她管理) 。
(四)方位短语的空间边界
in front of vs in the front of:
外部前面(如 “教室前的树” in front of the classroom ) vs 内部前面(如 “教室前排的学生” in the front of the classroom ) 。
三、中考真题精练(2023–2025 年风格)
(一)选择题
(1)(2025 南京)We must finish the work ______ time.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
解析:“按时完成工作”,on time 表 “按时、守时”,选 B 。
(2)(2024 济南)He solved the problem ______ a new method.
A. by B. with C. in D. on
解析:“用新方法解决问题”,with 接具体工具 / 方法,by 表抽象手段(如 by working hard ),选 B 。
(3)(2023 杭州)______ public, we should behave politely.
A. In B. On C. At D. For
解析:“在公共场合”,in public 是固定短语,选 A 。
(4)(2025 广州)The cat is sleeping ______ the bed.
A. in front of B. in the front of C. at front of D. at the front of
解析:猫在 “床外面的前面”(外部前面),用 in front of ;in the front of 表内部前面,选 A 。
(5)(2024 成都)—Is he coming —______ question. He’ll be here soon.
A. Out of B. In C. Out of the D. In the
解析:“没问题,他很快就来”,out of question 表 “没问题”;out of the question 表 “不可能”,选 A 。
(二)语法填空题
(6)(2023 沈阳)She is ______ hospital because of a bad cold.
答案:in(“住院” 表状态,无冠词,用 in hospital )
(7)(2025 福州)The project is ______ the charge of Mr. Li.
答案:in(“由李老师负责”,被动,用 in the charge of )
(8)(2024 长沙)We traveled ______ train to Beijing.
答案:by(交通方式,by + 工具,用 by train )
(9)(2023 武汉)The car went ______ control and hit a tree.
答案:out of(“失控”,用 out of control )
(10)(2025 宁波)He did the work ______ himself, no one helped him.
答案:by(“独自”,用 by himself )
(三)完形填空题(节选)
...We waited ______(11)(in/on) time for the bus, but it was late. So we went ______(12)(by/with) foot. On the way, we saw a dog ______(13)(in front of/in the front of) a shop. It looked ______(14)(in danger/out of danger). We helped it and it was ______(15)(out of danger/in danger) soon.
(11)A. in B. on C. at D. for
(12)A. by B. with C. on D. in
(13)A. in front of B. in the front of C. at front of D. at the front of
(14)A. in danger B. out of danger C. in control D. out of control
(15)A. out of danger B. in danger C. out of control D. in control
解析:
(11)“按时等公交”,on time ,选 B ;
(12)“步行”,on foot 是固定短语,选 C ;
(13)狗在 “商店外面的前面”,in front of ,选 A ;
(14)狗 “处于危险中”(需要帮助),in danger ,选 A ;
(15)帮助后 “脱离危险”,out of danger ,选 A 。
答案总结
(1)B;(2)B;(3)A;(4)A;(5)A;
(6)in;(7)in;(8)by;(9)out of;(10)by;
(11)B;(12)C;(13)A;(14)A;(15)A