Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
维度一：基础题型练
写出下列句中加黑部分在句中所作的成分。
1.Whenever you are ready will be fine.
2.He worked hard all day today.
3.He speaks the language badly but reads it well.
4.Does she really mean to leave home？
5.They are looking for the person responsible for the program.
6.The new comer was popular with the teachers and students.
7.Our English teacher is kind and friendly.
8.I’ll return the book to you tomorrow.
9.There are many films that I’d like to see.
10.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
维度二：语法与写作
使用本单元所学的句子成分和句子结构翻译下列句子。
1.太阳从东方升起。（SVA）
2.他的脸红了。（SVP）
3.他拒绝帮助他们。（SVO）
4.奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。（SVOO）
5.我们都认为他是诚实的。（SVOC）
6.桌子上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。（存现句）
维度三：语法与语篇
根据汉语提示，按要求完成下面的语段。
Dear Mr Smith，
I am writing to tell you an important change about my summer vacation schedule.The reason why I have to change my summer schedule is that 1. （有一个项目） for a group of students to help some poor students in a remote village.The project will last a month.Unfortunately， I am one of them.I hope 2. （这个变化不会使你失望）.Will this winter vacation be appropriate for me to carry on my American culture tour？3. （我很兴奋）.When I imagine that 4. （我能体验一个不同的春节） from my hometown！ Again， sorry for the schedule change and inconvenience.5. （我盼望您的回复） soon.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It is very challenging when it comes to trying to master the English language.However， there are some things you can do to improve your English learning.The following books are an excellent way for people trying to learn English or get better at it.
Oxford Picture Dictionary
This is a great book for those who like to learn things visually.You can use the pictures to learn many new words each day.There is also a bilingual version for those who want to learn using their own native language.
Word Power Made Easy
This useful dictionary provides one of the best ways to learn over 1，000 of the words which are most commonly used in English.The book has many interesting activities and games， and gives tips on avoiding spelling errors.
NTC Vocabulary Builders
Students who are more advanced in the English language will greatly like NTC Vocabulary Builders.If you want to build your English vocabulary， then this book is a good choice.
English Vocabulary in Use Series
This is one of the best-selling books by Cambridge University Press.The book is good for students of the English language of all levels who want to have a wider vocabulary.You can choose to learn British English or American English.
Improving your English is one of the best ways to make sure that you will do great in life.It can open many doors for you.For those who are not native English speakers， these books will come in handy.With hard work， anyone can be a master of the English language.
1.Which book provides ways to stay away from mistakes in spelling？
A.Oxford Picture Dictionary.
B.Word Power Made Easy.
C.NTC Vocabulary Builders.
D.English Vocabulary in Use.
2.What is special about Oxford Picture Dictionary？
A.It is designed for language beginners.
B.It offers advice on language learning.
C.It provides many pictures to help learn language.
D.It gives learners a lot of interesting daily tasks.
3.Who is the text written for？
A.Those who want to teach English.
B.Those who want to do great in life.
C.Those who want to take on new challenges.
D.Those who want to improve their vocabulary.
B
Putting a note in a child’s lunch box secretly is nothing new， but one dad has taken the practice to a new level.In 2017， Chris Yandle just moved back to Mandeville， Louisiana， after losing his job.His family had moved many times throughout his career， and his kids were anxious about attending yet another school.
His daughter Addison was due to start fourth grade at her fourth school in five years， and she was nervous.Chris noticed it.He decided to write her a short note of encouragement to let her know that he was always there for her.“Be nice to others，” he wrote.“Not everyone will look like you.Learn to find the unique and special things in other people.” The next day， the dad penned another note — and then another.Eventually， it became a daily part of their routine， and he realized the short messages were helping him as much as they helped his daughter.
The notes worked！Addison settled into her new school.Now， she’s excelling in middle school， and her mom， Ashleigh Yandle， says she’s never seen Addison more confident and independent.Chris uses his own life experiences to craft the notes.He hopes to guide his daughter in her decision-making process and help her benefit from his own mistakes and achievements.
Chris shares his encouraging notes on the Internet， where they’ve become popular with other parents.He recently collected hundreds of his wise thoughts in a book.“Each page not only is the message I wrote her， but there’s a story behind each one，” he said.The biggest takeaway Chris can share with other parents is this： Spend time with your kids！It doesn’t matter what you do； just knowing you’re available will help them open up and explore the world around them.Great advice from a great dad！
4.What made Chris’s children anxious？
A.Chris lost his job.
B.Chris wrote them many notes.
C.They had to adapt to another school.
D.They weren’t able to attend the best school.
5.Why did Chris write the notes for his daughter Addison？
A.To get into a routine.
B.To encourage Addison.
C.To be like other people.
D.To help himself in daily life.
6.How has Addison become under the influence of the notes according to her mother？
A.More confident and helpful. B.More independent and ambitious.
C.More popular and experienced. D.More confident and independent.
7.What does Chris advise other parents to do？
A.Offer whatever their children want.
B.Take away what is unnecessary from their children.
C.Show their children they’re always there for them.
D.Put the same notes in their children’s lunch boxes.
C
Going from middle school to high school can be difficult， as students are faced with new academic and social challenges. Before the first day of high school， there are things every soon-to-be high school freshman and his family should know.
People that have a fixed mindset （思维倾向） believe that they are born to be strong or weak. On the other hand， people that have a growth mindset believe that their strength or weakness is because of their own actions.I totally agree that students should have a growth mindset. I don’t expect any student to move from just passing a subject to an A＋. It’s going to take time and focused effort； just keep working on it.
Parents should prepare students to fight the battle “on the pillow” and “in the kitchen”. When I say “pillow”， I mean sleep. Not having enough sleep can have some surprising effects on students， including improper behaviour， anxiety and poor grades. The second weapon is eating healthy and balanced meals.Studies show that students who eat nutritious meals and who exercise 60 minutes a day remain more attentive （专心的） during the school day and experience improved academic achievement and grades. This last “secret” weapon is not to have over-scheduled time. Make sure students know how to set realistic plans and how to say no to tasks and activities that aren’t important to them.
A lot of students who know each other from primary and middle school are in their “comfort zones”， feeling they have a sense of control over and expectations of their relationships. Then comes the first real day of high school， and that will all change. The reason why I encourage high school freshmen to step out of their comfort zones， though often scary， is that comfort zones get boring and there are many kinds of people to get to know. Let’s encourage them to get involved， have fun and play.
8.Which of the following represents a fixed mindset？
A.I’m at the starting point of my potential.
B.My mother is not good at chemistry either.
C.I should start studying a little earlier next time.
D.It’s okay if I fail； at least I’ve learnt something.
9.What might the author encourage parents to do？
A.Prepare healthy meals for their kids.
B.Praise their kids when they do well in school.
C.Take their kids to visit their grandparents often.
D.Buy soft pillows for their kids to have a good rest.
10.What is the third weapon mainly about？
A.Enjoying good health. B.Acquiring the ability to say no.
C.Balancing schoolwork and play. D.Developing time management skills.
11.What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to？
A.The expectation of future.
B.The value of friendship.
C.The feeling of having control over relationships.
D.The sense of helplessness.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Find Your Potential
Personal potential is all about hard work and strategy.Here are four tips that will guide you on finding motivation and putting it to good use.
Know Your Inner Voice
12 Bear in mind that you’re not looking for your potential here but only finding out what you truly want in life.Your potential is finally what you work for.It’s best to work for things that you want so that you enjoy the process.
Make Efforts
Once you’ve planned a suitable final goal， it’s time to make an effort.Understanding your potential requires big efforts in the right direction.It won’t just click one day randomly. 13
Set Milestones （里程碑）
One mistake that a lot of people make in hopes of understanding their potential is aiming for the stars on the first go. 14 That’s not how you get successful.It’s the baby steps that take you to your goal.
When you set milestones， try to break down the long-term process into smaller parts. 15
Accept Failures
Bear in mind that you’re only getting started.Even if something is your passion， you can’t possibly be perfect at it at once.Failures are part of every success story.It’s all right to have some unexpected things here and there.Don’t let them demotivate you. 16 It only means you’re learning more， and that will finally help you grow beyond limits.
A.You have to work to find answers.
B.The secret is to celebrate the little successes.
C.You can then work towards your other option.
D.Step by step， you open the way to your big goal.
E.The first step towards success is to listen to yourself.
F.Failing does not mean that you have to change your path.
G.They set their mind on the bigger picture and directly go for it.
12. 13. 14.
15. 16.
Ⅲ.完形填空
A dad is winning hearts after he shared interviews with his daughter from kindergarten （幼儿园） all the way up to her first day as a high school senior.
Last week， Kevin Scruggs posted the 17 video compilation （汇编） of his youngest， Madison， 18， on the Internet where it has since been 18 over 60，000 times.
“I thought it would be cool when they 19 for them to see their whole career in one video，” Scruggs said， adding that he made a similar video for his eldest daughter， 20-year-old Mackenzie. “I wanted to have something to 20 .”
“Did you like kindergarten？”Scruggs can be heard 21 Madison in the video.“Do you want to 22 ？”
“Every day，”she replies as she happily heads home.
The video continues with Madison sharing 23 stories， what she did during lunchtime， what she 24 in her locker and how she was excited about entering high school.Scruggs ended up each year telling Madison he 25 her to which she replies，“Love you too！”
Madison said that she enjoyed seeing herself 26 in the video.“It was also 27 to see my personality change，” Madison said.“I’m really 28 for how much time my dad puts into it， how much he loves us and how much he and my mom 29 for us.”
“I’m 30 to be her dad and I’m glad people get to see the joy that’s in her 31 ，” Scruggs said.
17.A.touching B.shocking
C.useful D.fearful
18.A.reported B.changed
C.tested D.viewed
19.A.meet B.graduate
C.work D.marry
20.A.believe B.remember
C.discuss D.learn
21.A.advising B.coaching
C.asking D.calling
22.A.stay in B.stand by
C.turn up D.go back
23.A.classroom B.family
C.travel D.bedtime
24.A.knew B.wore
C.kept D.won
25.A.loves B.misses
C.needs D.trusts
26.A.fit in B.grow up
C.run around D.show off
27.A.crazy B.correct
C.cool D.challenging
28.A.sorry B.ready
C.famous D.thankful
29.A.do B.pay
C.mean D.want
30.A.afraid B.glad
C.unable D.safe
31.A.relationship B.business
C.music D.life
Ⅳ.语法填空
Freshman year 32 （offer） new opportunities， classes and social situations， which is often a big adjustment coming from middle school.
“It is an adjustment year， and you need to let 33 （you） adjust to high school，” senior Gershon Stein said.
One of the best ways to 34 （rapid） adjust to this new environment， according to Gershon， is by 35 （find） a close group of friends through clubs and after-class activities.Gershon， 36 was new in his freshman year， joined the Ethics Bowl club to meet people.
“You’re going through a very difficult curriculum （课程） and you don’t really have a lot of close friends to talk to because it takes time 37 （develop） friendships，” Gershon said.“Remember that you will make friends and you will have close relationships.It just might take a little bit of time.”
While clubs and after-class activities are a great way to meet new people， Gershon stresses the 38 （important） of spending time with family and friends and not overscheduling （过度安排） your life.
During freshman year， 39 （student） must also decide whether they prefer to take four 40 five majors.
“I think kids have to do what is right for them，”Gershon said.“I think five majors are pretty manageable if you’re willing to put in a lot of work and long hours.I think it also depends 41 what you want your work-life balance to look like.”
32. 33. 34.
35. 36. 37.
38. 39. 40.
41.
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
基础知识自测
维度一
1.主语 2.谓语 3.状语 4.宾语 5.定语 6.主语
7.表语 8.间接宾语 9.定语 10.宾语补语
维度二
1.The sun rises in the east.
2.His face turned red.
3.He refused to help them.
4.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
5.All of us considered him honest.
6.There is a pen， two books and many pencils on the desk.
维度三
1.there is a project 2.the change won’t make you disappointed 3.I am very excited 4.I can experience a different Spring Festival 5.I look/am looking forward to your reply
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要推荐了一些可以帮助人们学习英语或者提高英语水平的书籍。1.B 细节理解题。根据Word Power Made Easy部分中的The book has many interesting activities and games， and gives tips on avoiding spelling errors.可知，Word Power Made Easy提供了避免拼写错误的方法。
2.C 细节理解题。根据Oxford Picture Dictionary部分中的You can use the pictures to learn many new words each day.可知，Oxford Picture Dictionary的独特之处在于其提供了许多帮助学习语言的图片。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句和关于每本书的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了可以帮助提高英语词汇量的书籍。由此推测，文章是写给想要提高词汇量的人看的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Chris一家经历了多次搬家，他的女儿Addison也因为又要适应新学校而变得焦虑，Chris为鼓励女儿每天都给她写一张纸条，这给了Addison很大的信心。
4.C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的his kids were anxious about attending yet another school可知，因为要去一所新的学校，还要重新适应新的环境，Chris的孩子们很焦虑。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的He decided to write her a short note of encouragement to let her know that he was always there for her.可知，Chris给女儿Addison写鼓励的话，让她知道自己永远都在。由此可知，Chris给女儿Addison写纸条是为了鼓励她。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的she’s never seen Addison more confident and independent可知，在父亲写的纸条的影响下，Addison变得更自信也更自立了。
7.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Spend time with your kids！It doesn’t matter what you do； just knowing you’re available will help them open up and explore the world around them.可知，Chris认为，父母应该多陪伴孩子，父母做什么并不重要，而是让孩子知道父母随时都在，这会帮助他们敞开心扉和探索周围的世界。由此可推知，Chris建议其他父母让孩子们知道他们一直都在他们身边。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。学生从初中升入高中时可能会面临新的学业和社交挑战，作者就如何应对这些挑战给出了自己的看法。
8.B 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，有固定思维倾向的人认为他们的强或弱是与生俱来的，B项（我妈妈化学也不好）的言外之意是：我的化学不好，其实是与生俱来的弱项，因为妈妈的化学也不好。所以B项代表了一种固定的思维倾向。
9.A 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句和The second weapon is eating healthy and balanced meals.可以推知，作者可能会鼓励家长们为他们的孩子准备健康的食物。
10.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，第三个手段主要是培养时间管理技能。
11.C 代词指代题。画线词前提到学生们在升入高中前感觉自己对人际关系有控制感、有期待，从而推知画线词that应指代前文提到的情况，即“感觉对人际关系有控制感”。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四条关于如何发掘个人潜力的建议。
12.E 根据Know Your Inner Voice和空后一句可知，想要弄明白自己真正想要的东西，要先了解自己的内心。故E项（走向成功的第一步是倾听自己的内心）符合语境。E项中的listen to yourself呼应小标题中的Your Inner Voice。
13.A 上文指出了解你的潜力需要你在正确的方向上付出巨大的努力，而不是某一天突然就能领悟到。故A项（你必须努力去寻找答案）承接上文，符合语境。A项中的find answers呼应上文中的Understanding your potential。click意为“被突然明白，豁然开朗”。
14.G 上文指出有些人想一下子就了解自己的潜力，下文指出那不是取得成功的方式，因此本空应该与那些人的做法相关。故G项（他们把注意力放在更大的愿景上，然后直接就去做）符合语境。G项中的They指代上文中的a lot of people，且set their mind on the bigger picture呼应上文中的aiming for the stars。aim for the stars志存高远，心比天高；first go第一次尝试。
15.D 根据Set Milestones以及上文中的It’s the baby steps that take you to your goal.和try to break down the long-term process into smaller parts可知，作者建议逐步地实现目标。故D项（逐步地，你将迈向自己的大目标）指出制定阶段性目标的结果，符合语境。
16.F 根据上文内容可知，失败是成功的一部分，作者建议要接受失败；再根据空后一句可知，设空处应指出It指代什么，且与失败产生的影响有关。故F项（失败并不意味着你必须改变你的道路）与下文内容形成转折关系，符合语境。下文中的It指代F项中的Failing，且F项中的mean与下文中的means是原词复现。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。一位父亲多年来一直在女儿开学第一天拍视频采访她。最近，他将视频汇编发布在网上，赢得了众多网友的心。
17.A 根据第一段内容和语境可知，Kevin Scruggs就是上文中提到的那位父亲，他连续多年在女儿开学第一天拍视频采访她；他将该视频汇编分享后，赢得了很多人的心。由此可知，该视频汇编很感人。
18.D 根据上文中的posted和on the Internet，以及下文中的over 60，000 times可知，该视频汇编已被观看六万多次。
19.B 根据下文中的he made a similar video for his eldest daughter可知，空前的they指代Scruggs的两个女儿；结合下文中的see their whole career in one video可知，Scruggs认为女儿们在毕业时能看到她们的整个学习生涯是件很酷的事情。
20.B 根据上文中的to see their whole career可推知，Scruggs拍视频和制作视频汇编是想要留下点什么以作纪念。
21.C 根据上下文中Scruggs所说的Did you like kindergarten？和Do you want to ...？可知，Scruggs在视频中问了Madison两个问题。
22.D 根据下文中的“Every day，”she replies as she happily heads home.可推知，Scruggs在回家的路上问Madison是否想回幼儿园。stay in待在家里；stand by袖手旁观；turn up露面。
23.A 根据下文中的what she did during lunchtime ...how she was excited about entering high school可知，Madison继续分享她在学校里所做的事情，故填classroom。
24.C 根据空后的in her locker可知，Madison还分享了她在储物柜里放了什么东西。
25.A 根据下文中的Love you too！可知，本空选择loves，属于原词复现。
26.B 根据第一段中的from kindergarten （幼儿园） all the way up to her first day as a high school senior和第三段中的their whole career可知，Madison喜欢在视频中看到自己的成长。
27.C 根据空后的to see my personality change可知，Madison表示看到自己的性格发生改变也是一件很酷的事情。此处与第三段首句相呼应。
28.D 根据下文中的how much time my dad puts into it， how much he loves us和for us可知，Madison感激父母对她和姐姐的爱与付出。
29.A 参见上题解析。
30.B 根据下文中的be her dad和Scruggs所做的事可知，Scruggs表示他很高兴做Madison的父亲。下文中的glad也是提示。
31.D 根据上文中video的内容可知，人们在该视频中能看到Madison生活中的快乐。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。高年级学生Gershon Stein向高一新生介绍了如何快速适应高中生活。
32.offers 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语Freshman year与动词offer之间是主动关系，故填offers。
33.yourself 考查代词。根据语境可知，设空处表示让“你自己”适应高中生活，故填yourself。
34.rapidly 考查词形转换。设空处作状语修饰动词adjust，应用副词，故填rapidly。
35.finding 考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词by的宾语，应用动词-ing形式，故填finding。
36.who 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明Gershon，且在从句中作主语，故填who。
37.to develop 考查非谓语动词。it takes time to do sth做某事需要花费时间。
38.importance 考查词形转换。根据语境及空前的the可知，设空处作stresses的宾语，应用名词，表示“重要性”，故填importance。
39.students 考查名词复数。student是可数名词，因空前无冠词限定且此处表示泛指，设空处应为表示复数的名词，故填students。
40.or 考查连词。根据语境及whether可知，此处表示“学生们必须决定他们是选四门专业课还是五门专业课”，故填or。
41.on/upon 考查介词。depend on/upon取决于。
6 / 7Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
句子成分和句子结构
阅读下列句子并分析各句的句子成分和句子结构。
1.I agree.
2.These habits will be helpful.
3.By setting goals now， you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future.
4.Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
5.Finally， setting goals makes you more confident.
【我的发现】
（1）句1中I 是 ；agree是 。句子结构为 。
（2）句2中These habits 是 ；helpful是 。句子结构为 。
（3）句3中第一个you是 ；are deciding是 ；what you want to achieve in the future是 。By setting goals now用作状语。句子结构为 。
（4）句4中Setting goals是 ；gives是 ；you是 ；a focus是 。句子结构为 。
（5）句5中setting goals是 ；makes是 ；you是 ；more confident是 。句子结构为 。
一、句子成分
句子是表达思想的基本单位，主要的句子成分有主语（S）、谓语（V）、宾语（O）、补语（C）、状语（A）、表语（P）、定语（Attr.）等。表语和连系动词一般一起划分在谓语上。
1.主语（subject）
主语是一个句子所谈论的主体、动作的发出者，一般位于句首。主语一般由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。
John is good at playing football.
约翰擅长踢足球。
He went out in a hurry.
他匆忙出去了。
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
在河里游泳是件快乐的事。
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.
我们将什么时候进行英语测试还没有决定。
2.谓语（verb）
谓语说明主语所做的动作或主语的特征和状态。谓语通常由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。实义动词可以单独作简单谓语，情态动词和助动词需要和实义动词一起构成复合谓语。
Each student in our class works very hard.（简单谓语）
我们班的每个学生学习都很努力。
We take pride in the great achievements of our socialist construction.（简单谓语）
我们为社会主义建设的伟大成就而自豪。
You could ask the teacher for help.（复合谓语）
你可以向老师寻求帮助。
They are watching TV now.（复合谓语）
他们现在正在看电视。
3.宾语（object）
（1）宾语是动作的施加对象或承受者，在及物动词或“不及物动词＋相应介词”后。宾语常由名词、代词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式或相当于名词的词组或句子充当。宾语按词性分为：动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和介宾结构。
She has a very pleasant smile.
她笑得很灿烂。
We should learn from him.
我们应当向他学习。
Grandma likes singing.
奶奶喜欢唱歌。
I think （that） he is fit for his office.
我认为他适合做办公室工作。
（2）有时动词后面可以接两个宾语（间接宾语＋直接宾语），通常把表示人的宾语称为间接宾语（indirect object），把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语（direct object）。
The old man gave the child some nice books.
老人给了这个孩子一些好书。
I will buy my mother a new coat.
我要给妈妈买一件新外套。
Lend me your dictionary， please.
请把你的词典借给我。
4.补语（complement）
补语分为主语补语（subject complement）和宾语补语（object complement），用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。一般由形容词、名词、副词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语等充当。
He was elected monitor.
他被选为班长。
We found everything in the lab in good order.
我们发现实验室的一切都井然有序。
He asked me to help him.
他请求我帮助他。
5.状语（adverbial）
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，修饰说明动作或状态特征。一般由副词、形容词、动词不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等充当。状语种类有：时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、地点状语、方式状语、伴随状语、目的状语、结果状语、让步状语、比较状语。
The old man walks slowly.
这位老人缓慢地走着。
I’ll be back in a while.
我一会儿就回来。
He has lived in the city for ten years.
他已经在这个城市住了10年了。
Once you begin， you must continue.
一旦开始，你就必须继续下去。
6.表语（predicative）
表语通常说明主语的身份、特征和状态，在连系动词（be、 become、 get、 look、 grow、 turn、 seem等）之后。表语由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式、介词短语及表语从句构成。
My father is a professor.
我父亲是一位教授。
His words sounded reasonable.
他的话听起来是合理的。
She is in the room alone.
她独自在房间里。
His job is to teach English.
他的工作是教英语。
The truth is that he has never been abroad.
事实是他从来都没出过国。
7.定语（attributive）
定语修饰名词或代词。定语一般由形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、从句等充当。
Guilin is a beautiful city.
桂林是一个美丽的城市。
The girl on the bike is my sister.
自行车上的女孩是我的妹妹。
【即时演练1】 写出下列句中加黑部分在句中所作的成分
①The students got on the school bus.
②He handed me the newspaper.
③I shall answer your question after class.
④The little girl is having an apple which is big and red.
⑤They went hunting together early in the morning.
⑥His job is to train swimmers.
⑦He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
⑧He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
⑨There is going to be an American film tonight.
⑩Jenny’s job is teaching English in a local school.
二、句子结构
说明：主语“ ”；谓语“ ”；宾语“ ”； 表语“ ”； 补语“ ” ； 状语“[ ]”；定语“（ ）”。
1.主谓：主语＋谓语（SV）
在此结构中，谓语为不及物动词，不能接宾语，但能表达完整的意义。常见的不及物动词（短语）有rise、 matter、 begin、 come、 go、 happen、 appear、 work、 take place。
The door opened.门开了。
主语 谓语
Class begins.开始上课。
主语 谓语
The red sun is rising.红日正在升起。
主语 谓语
2.主系表：主语＋连系动词＋表语（SVP）
（1）此结构中谓语动词必须加一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整意思。这类动词叫作连系动词。
（2）此类连系动词大致分四类： ①“状态”类：be、 keep、 remain、 stay；②“感官”类：look、 sound、 feel、 smell、 taste等；③“变成”类：get、 grow、 become、 turn、 go、 fall、 come等；④“结果”类：prove、 turn out等。
（3）表语由名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式或从句充当。
His present life is tough.
主语 连系动词 表语
他目前的生活很艰难。
The flower smells sweet.
主语 连系动词 表语
这朵花闻起来很香。
Your story sounds interesting.
主语 连系动词 表语
你的故事听起来很有趣。
His face turned red.他的脸变红了。
主语 连系动词 表语
The baby fell asleep [soon].
主语 连系动词 表语 状语
这个婴儿很快就睡着了。
My father’s hope is that I can go home
主语 连系动词 表语
frequently.
我父亲的希望是我能经常回家。
3.主谓宾：主语＋谓语＋宾语（SVO）
此结构中谓语为及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词，它必须跟一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能表达一个完整的意思。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句等。
My father teaches English.
主语 谓语 宾语
我的父亲教英语。
My brother aimed to become a famous director.
主语 谓语 宾语
我哥哥力争成为一位著名导演。
We all know that the earth runs around the sun.
主语 谓语 宾语
我们都知道地球围绕太阳转。
4.主谓宾宾：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语（SVOO）
（1）在此结构中，谓语动词带两个宾语（双宾语），前一个为间接宾语（通常指人），后一个为直接宾语（通常指物）。如果要把直接宾语提前，就需要加适当的介词，即：“主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾”或“主＋谓＋直宾＋to/for＋间宾”结构。
（2）间接宾语之前用介词to的动词有give、 tell、 teach、 write、 bring、 lend、 hand、 show、 offer、 send、 pay、 order。
（3）间接宾语之前用介词for的动词有buy、 fetch、 save、 choose、 sing等。
The wise manager offered me a good job.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
＝The wise manager offered a good job to me.
这位明智的经理给我提供了一份好工作。
He gave me an apple.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
＝He gave an apple to me.
他给了我一个苹果。
He offered me his seat.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
＝He offered his seat to me.
他把座位让给了我。
Father bought me a book.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
＝Father bought a book for me.
父亲给我买了一本书。
5.主谓宾补：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语（SVOC）
（1）此结构中的谓语是一个及物动词，其后要用一个“宾语＋宾语补语”才能使意思完整。
（2）作宾语补语的可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing 形式、动词-ed形式、动词不定式等。
（3）该句式常用于三类动词：①使役动词keep、 make、 let、 have、 leave、 get等；②感官动词see、 watch、 notice、 observe、 find、 catch、 look at、 listen to、 hear、 feel、 smell等；③ask/tell/order/request/permit/persuade ...sb to do sth。
名师点津
可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语：如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系，则该动词接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。
The teacher keeps all the windows open.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾补
老师让所有的窗户开着。
We are making our school more beautiful.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾补
我们正使我们的学校变得更美丽。（＝Our school is more beautiful.）
The man had the light burning [all the night].
主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 状语
这个人让灯亮了一夜。（＝The light was burning all the night.）
6.主谓状：主语＋谓语＋状语（SVA）
此结构中的谓语是不及物动词，但其后必须接副词、介词短语、动词不定式等作状语，否则结构不全，意义不完整。可以用作状语的有副词、形容词、动词不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。
All the students are listening [carefully].
主语 谓语 状语
所有的学生正在仔细地听着。
Robot cooks will appear [in our families]
主语 谓语 地点状语
[in the future].
时间状语
机器人厨师未来将出现在我们的家庭中。
[When her mother came in]， she was sleeping.
状语 主语 谓语
当她的妈妈进来时，她正在睡觉。
7.主谓宾状：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语（SVOA）
此结构是在句型主谓宾（SVO）的基础上，加副词、介词短语、分词、从句等作状语。
Jane was doing her homework [at 8：00 last night].
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
昨晚8点简在做作业。
The man raised his arms [above his head].
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
那个男人把他的手臂举过头顶。
8.存现句：引导词there引导的句子
（1）“there be句型”表示“某处存在某物/某人”，因此被称为存现句。其基本句型是“there＋be＋主语＋其他（状语、定语等）”。
（2）there在该结构中是个引导词，本身无词义。动词be是谓语动词，有时态变化，也可与情态动词连用。动词be要和后面的就近的主语保持单复数方面的一致。
There is a small pool [at the foot of the mountain].
谓语 主语 状语
山脚下有一个小池塘。
There aren’t any students [in the dormitory] [now].
谓语 主语 地点状语 时间状语
现在宿舍里没有任何学生。
【即时演练2】 写出下列句子所属的句子结构
①The dinner smells good.
②The terrible accident happened yesterday afternoon.
③There stands an old temple on the top of the mountain.
④They painted the door green.
⑤The wise manager offered me a good job.
⑥Tom will bring several English books tomorrow.
focus n.焦点，重点 vt.& vi.集中
【教材原句】 Setting goals gives you a focus in life.设定目标让你有生活的重点。
【用法】
（1）the focus of ……的焦点
come into focus 成为焦点
bring ...into focus 使……成为焦点
（2）focus on/upon 集中于……
focus one’s attention on/upon
集中注意力于……
（3）focused adj. 注意力集中的
【佳句】 It was the main focus of attention at the meeting.这是会议上关注的主要焦点。
【联想】 表示“注意，集中精力于……”的短语还有concentrate one’s attention on、 fix one’s attention on、 pay attention to等。
【练透】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It will help you become more patient and （focus）.
②The news about the disease is always the focus us.
③I can’t ， a group of people dancing on the square downstairs.
一群人在楼下的广场上跳舞， 我难以集中精力学习。
【写美】 同义句转换
④I suggest you should put your heart into what you are studying.
→I suggest you should .（focus）
detail n.细节；具体情况
【教材原句】 To realize your goals， you need to have a good plan， manage your time well and pay attention to details.为了实现你的目标，你需要有一个好的计划，管理好你的时间，并注意细节。
【用法】
（1）in detail 详细地
go into details/the detail 详细叙述；逐一说明
attention to detail 注意细节
further/full details 详细情况
（2）detailed adj. 详细的；细致的
a detailed study 一个详细的研究
【佳句】 The designer didn’t want to go into details about the design related to the new building.
设计师不想透露与新建筑有关的设计细节。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In order to make full use of time， I decide to make a （detail） study plan for the exam.
②I would appreciate it if you could share your volunteer experience with me detail.
【写美】 完成句子
③Since an important volleyball match is around the corner， I the match.
因为一场重要的排球比赛即将举行，我写信告诉你关于这场比赛的一些细节。
as a result of 由于
【教材原句】 As a result of your action， your dream will come true and hopefully you will live a happy life.由于你的行动，你的梦想会实现，并有希望过上幸福的生活。
【用法】
（1）as a result 结果
（2）result in 导致；造成
result from 由……引起
（3）as a result of的同义短语有because of、 thanks to、 due to、 owing to。
【佳句】 We missed the train as a result of misreading the time.
因为看错了时间，我们错过了火车。
【用准】 （1）as a result of意为“由于，因为”，是介词短语，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
（2）as a result意为“因此，结果”，常作状语。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Many plants and animals have died as a result the fire.
②His failure resulted his laziness.
③More and more pollution has resulted many animals’ death.
【写美】 一句多译
④天气糟糕，所以典礼被推迟了。
→The weather was bad. .（as a result）
→The ceremony was put off .（as a result of）
base vt.以……为基础（依据） n.根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营
【教材原句】 Instead， you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.
相反，你应该基于你的能力和技能设定目标。
【用法】
（1）base ...on/upon ...
把……建立在……基础之上
be based on 基于；以……为基础
（2）basic adj. 基本的；基础的
basic skills 基本技能
meet one’s basic needs
满足某人的基本需求
（3）basically adv. 基本上
（4）basis n. 基础；根据；基点
on the basis of ... 在……的基础上
on a regular basis 定期
【佳句】 As we all know， successful study is based on good ways and habits.
众所周知，成功的学习基于好的方法和习惯。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I think we should base our choice our own interest.
②He thinks to read the original work is better than to see the film （base） on it.
③As we all know， the （base） of a good marriage is trust.
④Knowing some （base） knowledge of first aid can make a great difference sometimes.
【写美】 句式升级
⑤His film is based on his own experience， so it is very moving and attractive.
→ ， his film is very moving and attractive.（分词短语作状语）
remind vt.提醒，使想起
【教材原句】 This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused.
这会提醒你正在为了什么而努力，并使你精力集中。
【用法】
（1）remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
remind （sb） that/how/what ...
提醒（某人）……
（2）reminder n. 引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物
【佳句】 The trees we are going to plant will remind us of the time when we studied in school.
我们将要栽的树会让我们想起在学校一起学习的时光。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①This song reminded me my childhood.
②They will teach many traffic regulations to remind us （pay） attention to traffic safety.
【写美】 完成句子
③He I should finish reading the book today.
他提醒我今天应该读完这本书。
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）主语 谓语 主语＋谓语 （2）主语 表语 主语＋连系动词＋表语 （3）主语 谓语 宾语从句 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 （4）主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 （5）主语 谓语
宾语 宾语补语 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语
即时演练1
①主语；定语 ②间接宾语；直接宾语 ③谓语；状语 ④定语；定语 ⑤状语；状语 ⑥定语；表语 ⑦连系动词；表语 ⑧宾语；状语 ⑨谓语；主语 ⑩主语；表语
即时演练2
①主系表（SVP） ②主谓状（SVA） ③存现句 ④主谓宾补（SVOC） ⑤主谓宾宾（SVOO） ⑥主谓宾状（SVOA）
【核心知识·巧突破】
1.①focused ②of ③focus on/upon my study ④focus your attention on/upon what you are studying
2.①detailed ②in ③am writing to tell you some details about
3.①of ②from ③in ④As a result， the ceremony was put off； as a result of the bad weather
4.①on/upon ②based ③basis ④basic ⑤Based on his own experience
5.①of ②to pay ③reminded me that
11 / 11(共121张PPT)
UNIT 1 Back to school
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
3
课时检测·提能力
2
核心知识·巧突破
1
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
句子成分和句子结构
阅读下列句子并分析各句的句子成分和句子结构。
1. I agree.
2. These habits will be helpful.
3. By setting goals now， you are deciding what you want to achieve in
the future.
4. Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
5. Finally， setting goals makes you more confident.
【我的发现】
（1）句1中I 是 ；agree是 。句子结构为
。
（2）句2中These habits 是 ；helpful是 。句子结构
为 。
（3）句3中第一个you是 ；are deciding是 ；what you
want to achieve in the future是 。By setting goals
now用作状语。句子结构为 。
主语
谓语
主语＋谓
语
主语
表语
主语＋连系动词＋表语
主语
谓语
宾语从句
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语
（4）句4中Setting goals是 ；gives是 ；you是
；a focus是 。句子结构为
。
（5）句5中setting goals是 ；makes是 ；you是
；more confident是 。句子结构为
。
主语
谓语
间接
宾语
直接宾语
主语＋谓语＋
间接宾语＋直接宾语
主语
谓语
宾
语
宾语补语
主语＋谓
语＋宾语＋宾语补语
一、句子成分
句子是表达思想的基本单位，主要的句子成分有主语（S）、谓语
（V）、宾语（O）、补语（C）、状语（A）、表语（P）、定语
（Attr.）等。表语和连系动词一般一起划分在谓语上。
1. 主语（subject）
主语是一个句子所谈论的主体、动作的发出者，一般位于句首。主
语一般由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式、名词化
的形容词和主语从句等充当。
John is good at playing football.
约翰擅长踢足球。
He went out in a hurry.
他匆忙出去了。
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
在河里游泳是件快乐的事。
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.
我们将什么时候进行英语测试还没有决定。
2. 谓语（verb）
谓语说明主语所做的动作或主语的特征和状态。谓语通常由动词或
动词短语充当，位于主语之后。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。实
义动词可以单独作简单谓语，情态动词和助动词需要和实义动词一
起构成复合谓语。
Each student in our class works very hard.（简单谓语）
我们班的每个学生学习都很努力。
We take pride in the great achievements of our socialist construction.
（简单谓语）
我们为社会主义建设的伟大成就而自豪。
You could ask the teacher for help.（复合谓语）
你可以向老师寻求帮助。
They are watching TV now.（复合谓语）
他们现在正在看电视。
3. 宾语（object）
（1）宾语是动作的施加对象或承受者，在及物动词或“不及物动
词＋相应介词”后。宾语常由名词、代词、动词-ing形式、
动词不定式或相当于名词的词组或句子充当。宾语按词性分
为：动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和介宾结构。
She has a very pleasant smile.
她笑得很灿烂。
We should learn from him.
我们应当向他学习。
Grandma likes singing.
奶奶喜欢唱歌。
I think （that） he is fit for his office.
我认为他适合做办公室工作。
（2）有时动词后面可以接两个宾语（间接宾语＋直接宾语），通
常把表示人的宾语称为间接宾语（indirect object），把表示
物的宾语称为直接宾语（direct object）。
The old man gave the child some nice books.
老人给了这个孩子一些好书。
I will buy my mother a new coat.
我要给妈妈买一件新外套。
Lend me your dictionary， please.
请把你的词典借给我。
4. 补语（complement）
补语分为主语补语（subject complement）和宾语补语（object
complement），用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。一般由形
容词、名词、副词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语等充当。
He was elected monitor.
他被选为班长。
We found everything in the lab in good order.
我们发现实验室的一切都井然有序。
He asked me to help him.
他请求我帮助他。
5. 状语（adverbial）
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，修饰说明动作或状
态特征。一般由副词、形容词、动词不定式、分词、介词短
语、从句等充当。状语种类有：时间状语、原因状语、条件状
语、地点状语、方式状语、伴随状语、目的状语、结果状语、
让步状语、比较状语。
The old man walks slowly.
这位老人缓慢地走着。
I’ll be back in a while.
我一会儿就回来。
He has lived in the city for ten years.
他已经在这个城市住了10年了。
Once you begin， you must continue.
一旦开始，你就必须继续下去。
6. 表语（predicative）
表语通常说明主语的身份、特征和状态，在连系动词（be、
become、 get、 look、 grow、 turn、 seem等）之后。表语由名
词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式、介
词短语及表语从句构成。
My father is a professor.
我父亲是一位教授。
His words sounded reasonable.
他的话听起来是合理的。
She is in the room alone.
她独自在房间里。
His job is to teach English.
他的工作是教英语。
The truth is that he has never been abroad.
事实是他从来都没出过国。
7. 定语（attributive）
定语修饰名词或代词。定语一般由形容词、介词短语、动词不定
式、分词、从句等充当。
Guilin is a beautiful city.
桂林是一个美丽的城市。
The girl on the bike is my sister.
自行车上的女孩是我的妹妹。
【即时演练1】 写出下列句中加黑部分在句中所作的成分
①The students got on the school bus.
②He handed me the newspaper.
③I shall answer your question after class.
④The little girl is having an apple which is big and red.
⑤They went hunting together early in the morning.
⑥His job is to train swimmers.
⑦He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
⑧He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
⑨There is going to be an American film tonight.
⑩Jenny’s job is teaching English in a local school.
主语；定语
间接宾语；直接宾语
谓语；状语
定语；定语
状语；状语
定语；表语
连系动词；表语
宾语；状语
谓语；主语
主语；表语
二、句子结构
说明：主语“ ”；谓语“ ”；宾语“ ”； 表语
“ ”； 补语“ ” ； 状语“[ ]”；定语“（ ）”。
1. 主谓：主语＋谓语（SV）
在此结构中，谓语为不及物动词，不能接宾语，但能表达完整的意
义。常见的不及物动词（短语）有rise、 matter、 begin、 come、
go、 happen、 appear、 work、 take place。
The door opened.门开了。
主语 谓语
Class begins.开始上课。
主语 谓语
The red sun is rising.红日正在升起。
主语 谓语
2. 主系表：主语＋连系动词＋表语（SVP）
（1）此结构中谓语动词必须加一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构
成复合谓语，才能表达完整意思。这类动词叫作连系动词。
（2）此类连系动词大致分四类： ①“状态”类：be、 keep、
remain、 stay；②“感官”类：look、 sound、 feel、 smell、
taste等；③“变成”类：get、 grow、 become、 turn、 go、
fall、 come等；④“结果”类：prove、 turn out等。
（3）表语由名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式或从句
充当。
His present life is tough.他目前的生活很艰难。
主语 连系动词 表语
The flower smells sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。
主语 连系动词 表语
Your story sounds interesting.
主语 连系动词 表语
你的故事听起来很有趣。
His face turned red.他的脸变红了。
主语 连系动词 表语
The baby fell asleep [soon].
主语 连系动词 表语 状语
这个婴儿很快就睡着了。
My father’s hope is that I can go home frequently.
主语 连系动词 表语
我父亲的希望是我能经常回家。
3. 主谓宾：主语＋谓语＋宾语（SVO）
此结构中谓语为及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词，它必须跟一
个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能表达一个完整的意思。用作宾语的有
名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句等。
My father teaches English.我的父亲教英语。
主语 谓语 宾语
My brother aimed to become a famous director.
主语 谓语 宾语
我哥哥力争成为一位著名导演。
We all know that the earth runs around the sun.
主语 谓语 宾语
我们都知道地球围绕太阳转。
4. 主谓宾宾：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语（SVOO）
（1）在此结构中，谓语动词带两个宾语（双宾语），前一个为间接
宾语（通常指人），后一个为直接宾语（通常指物）。如果要
把直接宾语提前，就需要加适当的介词，即：“主＋谓＋间宾
＋直宾”或“主＋谓＋直宾＋to/for＋间宾”结构。
（2）间接宾语之前用介词to的动词有give、 tell、 teach、 write、
bring、 lend、 hand、 show、 offer、 send、 pay、 order。
（3）间接宾语之前用介词for的动词有buy、 fetch、 save、 choose、
sing等。
The wise manager offered me a good job.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
＝The wise manager offered a good job to me.
这位明智的经理给我提供了一份好工作。
He gave me an apple.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
＝He gave an apple to me.
他给了我一个苹果。
He offered me his seat.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
＝He offered his seat to me.
他把座位让给了我。
Father bought me a book.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
＝Father bought a book for me.
父亲给我买了一本书。
5. 主谓宾补：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语（SVOC）
（1）此结构中的谓语是一个及物动词，其后要用一个“宾语＋宾语
补语”才能使意思完整。
（2）作宾语补语的可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing 形
式、动词-ed形式、动词不定式等。
（3）该句式常用于三类动词：①使役动词keep、 make、 let、 have、
leave、 get等；②感官动词see、 watch、 notice、 observe、
find、 catch、 look at、 listen to、 hear、 feel、 smell等；③
ask/tell/order/request/permit/persuade ...sb to do sth。
名师点津
可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语：如
果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系，则该动词
接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。
The teacher keeps all the windows open.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾补
老师让所有的窗户开着。
We are making our school more beautiful.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾补
我们正使我们的学校变得更美丽。（＝Our school is more beautiful.）
The man had the light burning [all the night].
主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 状语
这个人让灯亮了一夜。（＝The light was burning all the night.）
6. 主谓状：主语＋谓语＋状语（SVA）
此结构中的谓语是不及物动词，但其后必须接副词、介词短语、动词
不定式等作状语，否则结构不全，意义不完整。可以用作状语的有副
词、形容词、动词不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。
All the students are listening [carefully].
主语 谓语 状语
所有的学生正在仔细地听着。
Robot cooks will appear [in our families] [in the future].
主语 谓语 地点状语 时间状语
机器人厨师未来将出现在我们的家庭中。
[When her mother came in]， she was sleeping.
状语 主语 谓语
当她的妈妈进来时，她正在睡觉。
7. 主谓宾状：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语（SVOA）
此结构是在句型主谓宾（SVO）的基础上，加副词、介词短语、分
词、从句等作状语。
Jane was doing her homework [at 8：00 last night].
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
昨晚8点简在做作业。
The man raised his arms [above his head].
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
那个男人把他的手臂举过头顶。
8. 存现句：引导词there引导的句子
（1）“there be句型”表示“某处存在某物/某人”，因此被称为存
现句。其基本句型是“there＋be＋主语＋其他（状语、定语
等）”。
（2）there在该结构中是个引导词，本身无词义。动词be是谓语动
词，有时态变化，也可与情态动词连用。动词be要和后面的
就近的主语保持单复数方面的一致。
There is a small pool [at the foot of the mountain].
谓语 主语 状语
山脚下有一个小池塘。
There aren’t any students [in the dormitory] [now].
谓语 主语 地点状语 时间状语
现在宿舍里没有任何学生。
【即时演练2】 写出下列句子所属的句子结构
①The dinner smells good.
②The terrible accident happened yesterday afternoon.
③There stands an old temple on the top of the mountain.
④They painted the door green.
⑤The wise manager offered me a good job.
⑥Tom will bring several English books tomorrow.
主系表（SVP）
主谓状（SVA）
存现句
主谓宾补（SVOC）
主谓宾宾（SVOO）
主谓宾状（SVOA）
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
2
focus n.焦点，重点 vt.& vi.集中
【教材原句】 Setting goals gives you a focus in life.设定目标让你有
生活的重点。
【用法】
（1）the focus of ……的焦点
come into focus 成为焦点
bring ...into focus 使……成为焦点
（2）focus on/upon 集中于……
focus one’s attention on/upon 集中注意力于……
（3）focused adj. 注意力集中的
【佳句】 It was the main focus of attention at the meeting.这是会议上
关注的主要焦点。
【联想】 表示“注意，集中精力于……”的短语还有concentrate
one’s attention on、 fix one’s attention on、 pay attention to等。
【练透】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It will help you become more patient and （focus）.
②The news about the disease is always the focus us.
③I can’t ， a group of people dancing on
the square downstairs.
一群人在楼下的广场上跳舞， 我难以集中精力学习。
focused
of
focus on/upon my study
【写美】 同义句转换
④I suggest you should put your heart into what you are studying.
→I suggest you should
.（focus）
focus your attention on/upon what you are
studying
detail n.细节；具体情况
【教材原句】 To realize your goals， you need to have a good plan，
manage your time well and pay attention to details.为了实现你的目标，
你需要有一个好的计划，管理好你的时间，并注意细节。
【用法】
（1）in detail 详细地
go into details/the detail 详细叙述；逐一说明
attention to detail 注意细节
further/full details 详细情况
（2）detailed adj. 详细的；细致的
a detailed study 一个详细的研究
【佳句】 The designer didn’t want to go into details about the design
related to the new building.
设计师不想透露与新建筑有关的设计细节。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In order to make full use of time， I decide to make a
（detail） study plan for the exam.
②I would appreciate it if you could share your volunteer experience with
me detail.
detailed
in
【写美】 完成句子
③Since an important volleyball match is around the corner， I
the match.
因为一场重要的排球比赛即将举行，我写信告诉你关于这场比赛的一
些细节。
am
writing to tell you some details about
as a result of 由于
【教材原句】 As a result of your action， your dream will come true
and hopefully you will live a happy life.
由于你的行动，你的梦想会实现，并有希望过上幸福的生活。
（1）as a result 结果
（2）result in 导致；造成
result from 由……引起
（3）as a result of的同义短语有because of、 thanks to、 due to、
owing to。
【用法】
【佳句】 We missed the train as a result of misreading the time.
因为看错了时间，我们错过了火车。
【用准】 （1）as a result of意为“由于，因为”，是介词短语，后
接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
（2）as a result意为“因此，结果”，常作状语。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Many plants and animals have died as a result the fire.
②His failure resulted his laziness.
③More and more pollution has resulted many animals’ death.
【写美】 一句多译
④天气糟糕，所以典礼被推迟了。
→The weather was bad. .（as
a result）
→The ceremony was put off .（as a
result of）
of
from
in
As a result， the ceremony was put off
as a result of the bad weather
base vt.以……为基础（依据） n.根据；基础；基底；总部，大本
营
【教材原句】 Instead， you should set goals based on your abilities
and skills.
相反，你应该基于你的能力和技能设定目标。
（1）base ...on/upon ... 把……建立在……基础之上
be based on 基于；以……为基础
（2）basic adj. 基本的；基础的
basic skills 基本技能
meet one’s basic needs 满足某人的基本需求
（3）basically adv. 基本上
（4）basis n. 基础；根据；基点
on the basis of ... 在……的基础上
on a regular basis 定期
【用法】
【佳句】 As we all know， successful study is based on good ways and
habits.
众所周知，成功的学习基于好的方法和习惯。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I think we should base our choice our own interest.
②He thinks to read the original work is better than to see the
film （base） on it.
③As we all know， the （base） of a good marriage is trust.
④Knowing some （base） knowledge of first aid can make a
great difference sometimes.
on/upon
based
basis
basic
【写美】 句式升级
⑤His film is based on his own experience， so it is very moving and
attractive.
→ ， his film is very moving and
attractive.（分词短语作状语）
Based on his own experience
remind vt.提醒，使想起
【教材原句】 This will remind you of what you are working for and
keep you focused.
这会提醒你正在为了什么而努力，并使你精力集中。
【用法】
（1）remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
remind （sb） that/how/what ... 提醒（某人）……
（2）reminder n. 引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物
【佳句】 The trees we are going to plant will remind us of the time
when we studied in school.
我们将要栽的树会让我们想起在学校一起学习的时光。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①This song reminded me my childhood.
②They will teach many traffic regulations to remind us
（pay） attention to traffic safety.
of
to pay
【写美】 完成句子
③He I should finish reading the book today.
他提醒我今天应该读完这本书。
reminded me that
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
写出下列句中加黑部分在句中所作的成分。
1. Whenever you are ready will be fine.
2. He worked hard all day today.
3. He speaks the language badly but reads it well.
4. Does she really mean to leave home？
主语
谓语
状语
宾语
5. They are looking for the person responsible for the
program.
6. The new comer was popular with the teachers and
students.
7. Our English teacher is kind and friendly.
8. I’ll return the book to you tomorrow.
9. There are many films that I’d like to see.
10. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and
helpful.
定语
主语
表语
间接宾语
定语
宾语补语
维度二：语法与写作
使用本单元所学的句子成分和句子结构翻译下列句子。
1. 太阳从东方升起。（SVA）
2. 他的脸红了。（SVP）
3. 他拒绝帮助他们。（SVO）
4. 奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。（SVOO）
The sun rises in the east.
His face turned red.
He refused to help them.
Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
5. 我们都认为他是诚实的。（SVOC）
6. 桌子上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。（存现句）
All of us considered him honest.
There is a pen， two books and many pencils on the desk.
维度三：语法与语篇
根据汉语提示，按要求完成下面的语段。
Dear Mr Smith，
I am writing to tell you an important change about my summer
vacation schedule.The reason why I have to change my summer schedule
is that 1.
（有一个项目） for a group of students to help some
poor students in a remote village.The project will last a
month.Unfortunately， I am one of them.I hope 2.
（这个变化不会使你失望）.Will this winter
vacation be appropriate for me to carry on my American culture tour？
3. （我很兴奋）.When I imagine that 4.
（我能体验一个不同的春节）
from my hometown！ Again， sorry for the schedule change and
inconvenience.5. （我盼望
您的回复） soon.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
there is a project
the change won’t
make you disappointed
I am very excited
I can
experience a different Spring Festival
I look/am looking forward to your reply
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It is very challenging when it comes to trying to master the English
language.However， there are some things you can do to improve your
English learning.The following books are an excellent way for people
trying to learn English or get better at it.
Oxford Picture Dictionary
This is a great book for those who like to learn things visually.You
can use the pictures to learn many new words each day.There is also a
bilingual version for those who want to learn using their own native
language.
Word Power Made Easy
This useful dictionary provides one of the best ways to learn over 1，
000 of the words which are most commonly used in English.The book has
many interesting activities and games， and gives tips on avoiding spelling
errors.
NTC Vocabulary Builders
Students who are more advanced in the English language will greatly
like NTC Vocabulary Builders.If you want to build your English
vocabulary， then this book is a good choice.
English Vocabulary in Use Series
This is one of the best-selling books by Cambridge University
Press.The book is good for students of the English language of all levels
who want to have a wider vocabulary.You can choose to learn British
English or American English.
Improving your English is one of the best ways to make sure that you
will do great in life.It can open many doors for you.For those who are not
native English speakers， these books will come in handy.With hard
work， anyone can be a master of the English language.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要推荐了一些可以帮助人们
学习英语或者提高英语水平的书籍。
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要推荐了一些可以帮助人们
学习英语或者提高英语水平的书籍。
1. Which book provides ways to stay away from mistakes in spelling？
A. Oxford Picture Dictionary.
B. Word Power Made Easy.
C. NTC Vocabulary Builders.
D. English Vocabulary in Use.
解析： 细节理解题。根据Word Power Made Easy部分中的The
book has many interesting activities and games， and gives tips on
avoiding spelling errors.可知，Word Power Made Easy提供了避免拼
写错误的方法。
2. What is special about Oxford Picture Dictionary？
A. It is designed for language beginners.
B. It offers advice on language learning.
C. It provides many pictures to help learn language.
D. It gives learners a lot of interesting daily tasks.
解析： 细节理解题。根据Oxford Picture Dictionary部分中的
You can use the pictures to learn many new words each day.可知，
Oxford Picture Dictionary的独特之处在于其提供了许多帮助学习语
言的图片。
3. Who is the text written for？
A. Those who want to teach English.
B. Those who want to do great in life.
C. Those who want to take on new challenges.
D. Those who want to improve their vocabulary.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句和关于每本书的介绍
可知，本文主要介绍了可以帮助提高英语词汇量的书籍。由此推
测，文章是写给想要提高词汇量的人看的。
B
Putting a note in a child’s lunch box secretly is nothing new， but
one dad has taken the practice to a new level.In 2017， Chris Yandle just
moved back to Mandeville， Louisiana， after losing his job.His family
had moved many times throughout his career， and his kids were anxious
about attending yet another school.
His daughter Addison was due to start fourth grade at her fourth
school in five years， and she was nervous.Chris noticed it.He decided to
write her a short note of encouragement to let her know that he was always
there for her.“Be nice to others，” he wrote.“Not everyone will look
like you.Learn to find the unique and special things in other people.”
The next day， the dad penned another note — and then
another.Eventually， it became a daily part of their routine， and he
realized the short messages were helping him as much as they helped his
daughter.
The notes worked！Addison settled into her new school.Now，
she’s excelling in middle school， and her mom， Ashleigh Yandle，
says she’s never seen Addison more confident and independent.Chris
uses his own life experiences to craft the notes.He hopes to guide his
daughter in her decision-making process and help her benefit from his own
mistakes and achievements.
Chris shares his encouraging notes on the Internet， where they’ve
become popular with other parents.He recently collected hundreds of his
wise thoughts in a book.“Each page not only is the message I wrote
her， but there’s a story behind each one，” he said.The biggest
takeaway Chris can share with other parents is this： Spend time with your
kids！It doesn’t matter what you do； just knowing you’re available
will help them open up and explore the world around them.Great advice
from a great dad！
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Chris一家经历了多次搬家，他的女
儿Addison也因为又要适应新学校而变得焦虑，Chris为鼓励女儿每天
都给她写一张纸条，这给了Addison很大的信心。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Chris一家经历了多次搬家，他的女
儿Addison也因为又要适应新学校而变得焦虑，Chris为鼓励女儿每天
都给她写一张纸条，这给了Addison很大的信心。
4. What made Chris’s children anxious？
A. Chris lost his job.
B. Chris wrote them many notes.
C. They had to adapt to another school.
D. They weren’t able to attend the best school.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的his kids were
anxious about attending yet another school可知，因为要去一所新的
学校，还要重新适应新的环境，Chris的孩子们很焦虑。
5. Why did Chris write the notes for his daughter Addison？
A. To get into a routine.
B. To encourage Addison.
C. To be like other people.
D. To help himself in daily life.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的He decided to write her a
short note of encouragement to let her know that he was always there
for her.可知，Chris给女儿Addison写鼓励的话，让她知道自己永远
都在。由此可知，Chris给女儿Addison写纸条是为了鼓励她。
6. How has Addison become under the influence of the notes according to
her mother？
A. More confident and helpful.
B. More independent and ambitious.
C. More popular and experienced.
D. More confident and independent.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的she’s never seen Addison
more confident and independent可知，在父亲写的纸条的影响下，
Addison变得更自信也更自立了。
7. What does Chris advise other parents to do？
A. Offer whatever their children want.
B. Take away what is unnecessary from their children.
C. Show their children they’re always there for them.
D. Put the same notes in their children’s lunch boxes.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Spend time with your
kids！It doesn’t matter what you do； just knowing you’re available
will help them open up and explore the world around them.可知，
Chris认为，父母应该多陪伴孩子，父母做什么并不重要，而是让
孩子知道父母随时都在，这会帮助他们敞开心扉和探索周围的世
界。由此可推知，Chris建议其他父母让孩子们知道他们一直都在
他们身边。
C
Going from middle school to high school can be difficult， as
students are faced with new academic and social challenges. Before the
first day of high school， there are things every soon-to-be high school
freshman and his family should know.
People that have a fixed mindset （思维倾向） believe that they are
born to be strong or weak. On the other hand， people that have a growth
mindset believe that their strength or weakness is because of their own
actions.I totally agree that students should have a growth mindset. I
don’t expect any student to move from just passing a subject to an A＋.
It’s going to take time and focused effort； just keep working on it.
Parents should prepare students to fight the battle “on the pillow”
and “in the kitchen”. When I say “pillow”， I mean sleep. Not
having enough sleep can have some surprising effects on students，
including improper behaviour， anxiety and poor grades. The second
weapon is eating healthy and balanced meals.Studies show that students
who eat nutritious meals and who exercise 60 minutes a day remain more
attentive （专心的） during the school day and experience improved
academic achievement and grades. This last “secret” weapon is not to
have over-scheduled time.
Make sure students know how to set realistic plans and how to say no to
tasks and activities that aren’t important to them.
A lot of students who know each other from primary and middle
school are in their “comfort zones”， feeling they have a sense of
control over and expectations of their relationships. Then comes the first
real day of high school， and that will all change. The reason why I
encourage high school freshmen to step out of their comfort zones，
though often scary， is that comfort zones get boring and there are many
kinds of people to get to know. Let’s encourage them to get involved，
have fun and play.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。学生从初中升入高中时可能会面临
新的学业和社交挑战，作者就如何应对这些挑战给出了自己的看
法。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。学生从初中升入高中时可能会面临
新的学业和社交挑战，作者就如何应对这些挑战给出了自己的看
法。
8. Which of the following represents a fixed mindset？
A. I’m at the starting point of my potential.
B. My mother is not good at chemistry either.
C. I should start studying a little earlier next time.
D. It’s okay if I fail； at least I’ve learnt something.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，有固定思维倾向
的人认为他们的强或弱是与生俱来的，B项（我妈妈化学也不好）
的言外之意是：我的化学不好，其实是与生俱来的弱项，因为妈妈
的化学也不好。所以B项代表了一种固定的思维倾向。
9. What might the author encourage parents to do？
A. Prepare healthy meals for their kids.
B. Praise their kids when they do well in school.
C. Take their kids to visit their grandparents often.
D. Buy soft pillows for their kids to have a good rest.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句和The second weapon is
eating healthy and balanced meals.可以推知，作者可能会鼓励家长
们为他们的孩子准备健康的食物。
10. What is the third weapon mainly about？
A. Enjoying good health.
B. Acquiring the ability to say no.
C. Balancing schoolwork and play.
D. Developing time management skills.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，第三个手段
主要是培养时间管理技能。
11. What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer
to？
A. The expectation of future.
B. The value of friendship.
C. The feeling of having control over relationships.
D. The sense of helplessness.
解析： 代词指代题。画线词前提到学生们在升入高中前感觉
自己对人际关系有控制感、有期待，从而推知画线词that应指代前
文提到的情况，即“感觉对人际关系有控制感”。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Find Your Potential
Personal potential is all about hard work and strategy.Here are four
tips that will guide you on finding motivation and putting it to good use.
Know Your Inner Voice
12 Bear in mind that you’re not looking for your potential here
but only finding out what you truly want in life.Your potential is finally
what you work for.It’s best to work for things that you want so that you
enjoy the process.
Make Efforts
Once you’ve planned a suitable final goal， it’s time to make an
effort.Understanding your potential requires big efforts in the right
direction.It won’t just click one day randomly. 13
Set Milestones （里程碑）
One mistake that a lot of people make in hopes of understanding their
potential is aiming for the stars on the first go. 14 That’s not how
you get successful.It’s the baby steps that take you to your goal.
When you set milestones， try to break down the long-term process
into smaller parts. 15
Accept Failures
Bear in mind that you’re only getting started.Even if something is
your passion， you can’t possibly be perfect at it at once.Failures are
part of every success story.It’s all right to have some unexpected things
here and there.Don’t let them demotivate you. 16 It only means
you’re learning more， and that will finally help you grow beyond
limits.
A. You have to work to find answers.
B. The secret is to celebrate the little successes.
C. You can then work towards your other option.
D. Step by step， you open the way to your big goal.
E. The first step towards success is to listen to yourself.
F. Failing does not mean that you have to change your path.
G. They set their mind on the bigger picture and directly go for it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四条关于如何发掘个人
潜力的建议。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四条关于如何发掘个人
潜力的建议。
12. E 根据Know Your Inner Voice和空后一句可知，想要弄明白自
己真正想要的东西，要先了解自己的内心。故E项（走向成功的第一
步是倾听自己的内心）符合语境。E项中的listen to yourself呼应小标
题中的Your Inner Voice。
13. A 上文指出了解你的潜力需要你在正确的方向上付出巨大的努
力，而不是某一天突然就能领悟到。故A项（你必须努力去寻找答
案）承接上文，符合语境。A项中的find answers呼应上文中的
Understanding your potential。click意为“被突然明白，豁然开朗”。
14. G 上文指出有些人想一下子就了解自己的潜力，下文指出那不
是取得成功的方式，因此本空应该与那些人的做法相关。故G项（他
们把注意力放在更大的愿景上，然后直接就去做）符合语境。G项中
的They指代上文中的a lot of people，且set their mind on the bigger
picture呼应上文中的aiming for the stars。aim for the stars志存高远，心
比天高；first go第一次尝试。
15. D 根据Set Milestones以及上文中的It’s the baby steps that take
you to your goal.和try to break down the long-term process into smaller
parts可知，作者建议逐步地实现目标。故D项（逐步地，你将迈向自
己的大目标）指出制定阶段性目标的结果，符合语境。
16. F 根据上文内容可知，失败是成功的一部分，作者建议要接受失
败；再根据空后一句可知，设空处应指出It指代什么，且与失败产生
的影响有关。故F项（失败并不意味着你必须改变你的道路）与下文
内容形成转折关系，符合语境。下文中的It指代F项中的Failing，且F
项中的mean与下文中的means是原词复现。
Ⅲ.完形填空
A dad is winning hearts after he shared interviews with his daughter
from kindergarten （幼儿园） all the way up to her first day as a high
school senior.
Last week， Kevin Scruggs posted the 17 video compilation
（汇编） of his youngest， Madison， 18， on the Internet where it has
since been 18 over 60，000 times.
“I thought it would be cool when they 19 for them to see their
whole career in one video，” Scruggs said， adding that he made a
similar video for his eldest daughter， 20-year-old Mackenzie. “I wanted
to have something to 20 .”
“Did you like kindergarten？”Scruggs can be heard 21
Madison in the video.“Do you want to 22 ？”
“Every day，”she replies as she happily heads home.
The video continues with Madison sharing 23 stories， what she
did during lunchtime， what she 24 in her locker and how she was
excited about entering high school.Scruggs ended up each year telling
Madison he 25 her to which she replies，“Love you too！”
Madison said that she enjoyed seeing herself 26 in the video.“It
was also 27 to see my personality change，” Madison said.“I’m
really 28 for how much time my dad puts into it， how much he loves
us and how much he and my mom 29 for us.”
“I’m 30 to be her dad and I’m glad people get to see the joy
that’s in her 31 ，” Scruggs said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。一位父亲多年来一直在女儿开学
第一天拍视频采访她。最近，他将视频汇编发布在网上，赢得了众
多网友的心。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。一位父亲多年来一直在女儿开学
第一天拍视频采访她。最近，他将视频汇编发布在网上，赢得了众
多网友的心。
17. A. touching B. shocking
C. useful D. fearful
解析： 根据第一段内容和语境可知，Kevin Scruggs就是上文
中提到的那位父亲，他连续多年在女儿开学第一天拍视频采访
她；他将该视频汇编分享后，赢得了很多人的心。由此可知，该
视频汇编很感人。
18. A. reported B. changed
C. tested D. viewed
解析： 根据上文中的posted和on the Internet，以及下文中的
over 60，000 times可知，该视频汇编已被观看六万多次。
19. A. meet B. graduate
C. work D. marry
解析： 根据下文中的he made a similar video for his eldest
daughter可知，空前的they指代Scruggs的两个女儿；结合下文中的
see their whole career in one video可知，Scruggs认为女儿们在毕业
时能看到她们的整个学习生涯是件很酷的事情。
20. A. believe B. remember
C. discuss D. learn
解析： 根据上文中的to see their whole career可推知，Scruggs
拍视频和制作视频汇编是想要留下点什么以作纪念。
21. A. advising B. coaching
C. asking D. calling
解析： 根据上下文中Scruggs所说的Did you like kindergarten？
和Do you want to ...？可知，Scruggs在视频中问了Madison两个
问题。
22. A. stay in B. stand by
C. turn up D. go back
解析： 根据下文中的“Every day，”she replies as she happily
heads home.可推知，Scruggs在回家的路上问Madison是否想回幼
儿园。stay in待在家里；stand by袖手旁观；turn up露面。
23. A. classroom B. family
C. travel D. bedtime
解析： 根据下文中的what she did during lunchtime ...how she
was excited about entering high school可知，Madison继续分享她在
学校里所做的事情，故填classroom。
24. A. knew B. wore C. kept D. won
解析： 根据空后的in her locker可知，Madison还分享了她在储
物柜里放了什么东西。
25. A. loves B. misses
C. needs D. trusts
解析： 根据下文中的Love you too！可知，本空选择loves，属
于原词复现。
26. A. fit in B. grow up
C. run around D. show off
解析： 根据第一段中的from kindergarten （幼儿园） all the
way up to her first day as a high school senior和第三段中的their
whole career可知，Madison喜欢在视频中看到自己的成长。
27. A. crazy B. correct
C. cool D. challenging
解析： 根据空后的to see my personality change可知，Madison
表示看到自己的性格发生改变也是一件很酷的事情。此处与第三
段首句相呼应。
28. A. sorry B. ready
C. famous D. thankful
解析： 根据下文中的how much time my dad puts into it， how
much he loves us和for us可知，Madison感激父母对她和姐姐的爱
与付出。
29. A. do B. pay C. mean D. want
解析： 参见上题解析。
30. A. afraid B. glad C. unable D. safe
解析： 根据下文中的be her dad和Scruggs所做的事可知，
Scruggs表示他很高兴做Madison的父亲。下文中的glad也是提示。
31. A. relationship B. business
C. music D. life
解析： 根据上文中video的内容可知，人们在该视频中能看到
Madison生活中的快乐。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Freshman year 32 （offer） new opportunities， classes and
social situations， which is often a big adjustment coming from middle
school.
“It is an adjustment year， and you need to let 33 （you）
adjust to high school，” senior Gershon Stein said.
One of the best ways to 34 （rapid） adjust to this new
environment， according to Gershon， is by 35 （find） a close
group of friends through clubs and after-class activities.Gershon， 36
was new in his freshman year， joined the Ethics Bowl club to meet
people.
“You’re going through a very difficult curriculum （课程） and
you don’t really have a lot of close friends to talk to because it takes
time 37 （develop） friendships，” Gershon said.“Remember that
you will make friends and you will have close relationships.It just might
take a little bit of time.”
While clubs and after-class activities are a great way to meet new
people， Gershon stresses the 38 （important） of spending time
with family and friends and not overscheduling （过度安排） your life.
During freshman year， 39 （student） must also decide
whether they prefer to take four 40 five majors.
“I think kids have to do what is right for them，”Gershon said.“I
think five majors are pretty manageable if you’re willing to put in a lot of
work and long hours.I think it also depends 41 what you want your
work-life balance to look like.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。高年级学生Gershon Stein向高一新生
介绍了如何快速适应高中生活。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。高年级学生Gershon Stein向高一新生
介绍了如何快速适应高中生活。
32. offers 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处描述客观事实，应用
一般现在时；主语Freshman year与动词offer之间是主动关系，故填
offers。
33. yourself 考查代词。根据语境可知，设空处表示让“你自己”适
应高中生活，故填yourself。
34. rapidly 考查词形转换。设空处作状语修饰动词adjust，应用副
词，故填rapidly。
35. finding 考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词by的宾语，应用动词-ing
形式，故填finding。
36. who 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明
Gershon，且在从句中作主语，故填who。
37. to develop 考查非谓语动词。it takes time to do sth做某事需要花
费时间。
38. importance 考查词形转换。根据语境及空前的the可知，设空处
作stresses的宾语，应用名词，表示“重要性”，故填importance。
39. students 考查名词复数。student是可数名词，因空前无冠词限定
且此处表示泛指，设空处应为表示复数的名词，故填students。
40. or 考查连词。根据语境及whether可知，此处表示“学生们必须
决定他们是选四门专业课还是五门专业课”，故填or。
41. on/upon 考查介词。depend on/upon取决于。
谢谢观看！
