Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空。
1.She likes bread and milk， she doesn’t like eggs at all.
2.They must be taken away from the heat of the fire， they might get burnt.
3.The problem is difficult that most students can’t work it out.
4.Two weeks went by， our exchange activities ended.
5.Ancient China was a place states were often at war with each other.
6. you’re interested in the position， please email me.
7.Neither did the naughty boy go home did his parents come to search for him.
8.It is likely you can easily fall ill if you keep smoking.
维度二：语法与写作
请用合适的连词把每组句子合并为一个句子。
1.He was tired after climbing the mountain.He went to bed.
→He was tired after climbing the mountain， he went to bed.
2.The child hid behind his mother’s skirt.He was afraid of the dog.
→The child hid behind his mother’s skirt， he was afraid of the dog.
3.He made a promise that he would see me.He didn’t keep it.
→He made a promise that he would see me， he didn’t keep it.
4.He has found out.She was late for school yesterday.
→He has found out she was late for school yesterday.
5.I still remember the day.I first went to York on that day.
→I still remember the day I first went to York.
6.This is the place. My grandparents lived there.
→This is the place my grandparents lived.
7.The doctor was tired. He went on working.
→ the doctor was tired， he went on working.
8.We won’t go to his party. He invites us.
→We won’t go to his party he invites us.
维度三：语法与语篇
根据汉语提示，完成下面的语段。
Dear friends，
It is common that some students would eat snacks instead of meals 1. （当该到吃饭的时候）.Now I suggest 2. （你养成一个健康的饮食习惯）.
For us students， eating healthy food is of great importance 3. （因为我们需要足够的能量） to keep our body functioning well.You will be ill and unhealthy 4. （除非你经常吃健康的食物）.Let’s have a healthy diet from now on.5. （只要你听从我的建议）， you will grow up healthily and happily.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Today I took my two kids to a museum， along with my guide dog.I’ve got tunnel vision — that means I can see fine in the middle， read normal print， and create all the photos and toys for ToyLikeMe （a company that encourages toy companies to produce more toys that represent people with disabilities）， but I cannot see my feet when I walk， nor people as they come near my sides.
A museum attendant in her late 60s said to me， “Lovely dog， are you training her？”
“No，” I replied with a smile.“She works for me.”
“Oh，”said the lady.“I thought you were the trainer.You don’t look blind.”
Outside the sun was shining and my seven-year-old son， who had overheard this exchange， turned and said to me， “That lady thinks all blind people close their eyes and wear dark glasses.Why can’t a blind person look like you？”
“It’s called ignorance （无知），” I said gently， “when somebody doesn’t really know much about something.”
“They must have taught her wrong at school，” he said.“Back then they treated blind people badly and said they all had to look one way.She’s stuck in the dark ages.”
This isn’t the first time someone has said to me “You don’t look blind”.It won’t be the last.
So what does blind look like？ Why do we expect “blind people” to look a certain way？ The answer is “stereotyping （刻板印象）”.The media and toys and books have stereotyped blind people for hundreds of years.They still do.They create a simple image （形象）， usually of someone looking poor， lost and unable to see anything at all.
It’s time to teach children that blind and partially sighted （弱视的） people， just like the rest of the human race， come with a million different looks， so they don’t look so surprised when they come across anything other than a stereotype！ Let’s tell the kids of today！ Oh yes， princesses can be blind， and Genies too！ You can get blind Rainbow Dashes and partially sighted Potatoes.
1.What happened to the author today？
A.She found her sight completely lost.
B.She bought new toys for her two kids.
C.She was mistaken for a normal person.
D.She let her guide dog help a stranger.
2.What did the author’s son think of the old lady？
A.She was out of date. B.She was quite gentle.
C.She was too impolite. D.She was very careful.
3.How did the author feel when she heard what the old lady said？
A.Safe. B.Calm.
C.Nervous. D.Surprised.
4.What does the author think is necessary？
A.Putting yourself in blind people’s shoes.
B.Learning to have respect for blind people.
C.Changing the fixed idea about blind people.
D.Giving a helping hand to blind people whenever needed.
B
Researchers from the University of Western Australia recently studied 3，000 middle and high school students.Among them were 618 teenagers with one parent who lived away from home for long periods of time because of work.The researchers wanted to know how the work of these “fly-in， fly-out” parents might influence the health of their children.
A higher percentage （比例） of teenagers who experienced the long work absence of a parent had emotional or behavioural problems compared with those whose parents worked more traditional hours.This supports earlier research finding high percentages of emotional problems in teenagers who often returned to an empty house after school or whose parents were seldom at dinner.
Findings also suggest that parents don’t have to be home all the time to be present in their children’s lives， but it helps to be home at certain times.And the best parental presence for a teenager may sometimes be like a potted （盆栽的） plant.
Many parents of teenagers have known this to be true and find ways to be present without trying to start a conversation.One friend of mine quietly does housework each evening in the sitting room where her teenagers watch TV.They enjoy each other’s company without the need to talk.Another friend usually accepts his daughter’s invitation to work or read nearby while she is sitting and doing her homework.Perhaps， that， at least for some families， is the best way for a teenager and his or her parents to stay close.
In fact， many years of research suggests that children regard their parents as a safe base from which to explore the world.Studies tell us that young children quietly follow their parents’ movements from room to room， even while going on with their own activities.Perhaps our teens， like babies， feel most at ease when their parents are still around.They don’t want to stay away from parents who allow them freedom.
A new school year is at hand， so as parents we could offer our teenagers a “potted plant”， as a gift， whose quiet and steady presence will give them a great day.
5.What did the study find about the 618 teens？
A.They had more dinners with their parents.
B.They were more prepared to help themselves.
C.They showed more dislike for traditional working hours.
D.They were more likely to have trouble with their feelings.
6.What is the author’s attitude to her two friends’ behaviour？
A.She doubts them.
B.She supports them.
C.She is worried about them.
D.She cares little about them.
7.What does earlier research say about young kids according to Paragraph 5？
A.They want their parents’ presence.
B.They want their parents to be safe.
C.They want more freedom from parents.
D.They show more interest in new activities.
8.Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A.Teens Want Potted Plant Parents
B.Your Kids Still Need Protection
C.Quiet Families Raise Healthier Teenagers
D.Parents Know Little About Today’s Teenagers
C
“Can we eat this one， Dad？” my four-year-old daughter， Alicia， asks.We’re on one of our Thursday adventures， searching the nearby woods for eatable mushrooms.She’s pointing at a bright-red cap covered with white dots.I pull out my handy mushroom-identification app， which notes that Amanita muscaria， while eatable if prepared properly， is also a known hallucinogen （致幻剂）.I have a firm “tell them the truth and be as precise as possible” philosophy and explain what the app says， and that I don’t think our Thursday adventures are ready to get quite that adventurous yet.
Watching your kids learn new skills is extraordinarily rewarding， but I’ve experienced more personal growth than I have at any other point in my life.
Last year， after a winter of practising skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week， Alicia was french-frying （when your skis are positioned parellel to each other） her way down blues and even attempted her first black.That winter also witnessed me getting out on the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I’ve got myself a partner for life.
It’s not all easy — but sometimes that’s the point.Alicia practises the violin every day， and although she enjoys it， even 15 minutes of practice can upset her.The trick， I’ve found， is to let her watch me try to get better at something， too.I start taking piano lessons at 41 years old with the idea that if she sees me struggling as I practise and then improve， she’ll understand that things don’t come easy， even for grown-ups.I know there’s going to be a time when I’ll end up on the sidelines cheering her on as she finds her own passions.I’m okay with this， and I’m hoping that by then she’ll carry the joy of practice and knowledge through life.
9.What does the father imply by saying “I’ve got myself a partner for life” in Paragraph 3？
A.It is rewarding to learn new skills.
B.Skiing has become his lifelong hobby.
C.He will explore more with his daughter.
D.His daughter will accompany him forever.
10.Why does the father start learning to play the piano？
A.To prove it is never too old to learn.
B.To set a good example for his daughter.
C.To experience the joy of piano practice.
D.To share with his daughter musical knowledge.
11.Which of the following can best describe the father？
A.Rigid and humorous.
B.Cautious and inspiring.
C.Creative and thoughtful.
D.Ambitious and patient.
12.Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A.The Thrill of Rediscovering Adventure
B.Practice Makes Perfect
C.Like Father， Like Daughter
D.The Power of Knowledge
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
If you’ve ever felt like you can’t do anything right， you might think you’re the only one who has experienced that feeling. 13 Fortunately， there are ways to cope with it.
14 When you’re feeling like you can’t do anything right， take a moment and just let yourself feel that.Once you’re feeling a little calmer， try to search deeper into where the feeling is coming from.This can lead you to understand if there is a large issue that you need to deal with.
Practice self-care.Self-care is a great stress reliever. 15 It is anything you do for yourself that makes you feel good.It can be physical， like taking a bath， or emotional， like lying down and listening to relaxing music.
Do a good deed.Acts of kindness towards others aid our emotional well-being， and when you’re feeling more positive， chances are you’ll realize you do plenty of things in life right.Additionally， a kind act is also something you did right！ 16
Take a break. 17 That’s because we all need breaks and we all benefit from taking them！Taking a break reduces stress， makes us more productive overall and clears our heads.When you’re feeling like you can’t do anything right， just pause， and ask yourself if you’d like to take a few minutes off， and see where that leads you.
A.Let yourself feel this way.
B.Get past a feeling and fight with it.
C.It’s not a failure in life if you just need one.
D.It also helps you feel more positive about yourself.
E.And most of us do not share this feeling with others.
F.The truth， though， is that it’s perfectly common to feel this way.
G.Everyone wins when you practice being charitable towards other people.
13. 14. 15.
16. 17.
Ⅲ.完形填空
Are parents rational （理性的） about their children？ No.Parents aren’t rational because 18 isn’t rational.Young people can understand this about romantic love， but they find it 19 to accept this part in parental love.
My eldest daughter’s 20 the other day brought this up.“Let me ask you something， Dad，” she began to control 21 patiently that every experienced parent knows.
“I sailed around the Mediterranean when I was seventeen，” she said.“I hiked through the Pyrenees.I’ve done rock climbing and deep-sea diving and slept in rainforests.Right？”
“Right，” I said “So what？”
“So this，” she went on.“When I go to the corner drugstore to pick up some shampoo， why do you always tell me to be 22 when I cross the street？”
There is no satisfactory 23 a parent can give to this.
All I could say in reply was that when I was 50， my mother would 24 me not to drive too fast.If I were 80 and she were still alive， I would be getting the 25 warning.No matter what the age， a child is a child.
There is something else， too， that children find it hard to understand.When they are far away， there is nothing we can do about their 26 .Parents try not to 27 about it.
But when the children are close， the old protective urge quickly 28 ， and it doesn’t 29 how far they have been or what experiences they have got through.
Most 30 happen round the corner， not in the rainforest.The most instinctive （本能的） act of almost every creature is to 31 its young， and this reaction stays for a lifetime.
In the parents’ mind， a child ages but does not 32 .Rational？No.But if we were rational， would we want children at all？
18.A.worry B.fear
C.love D.need
19.A.easy B.friendly
C.hard D.important
20.A.problem B.explanation
C.warning D.question
21.A.anger B.pride
C.anxiety D.surprise
22.A.careful B.brave
C.quick D.helpful
23.A.solution B.answer
C.conclusion D.present
24.A.select B.remind
C.insist D.expect
25.A.different B.extra
C.same D.right
26.A.success B.happiness
C.luck D.safety
27.A.argue B.think
C.forget D.complain
28.A.comes back B.pays back
C.looks back D.goes back
29.A.prove B.mean
C.matter D.mind
30.A.accidents B.failures
C.changes D.mistakes
31.A.tolerate B.protect
C.devote D.treat
32.A.stop B.compete
C.grow D.leave
Ⅳ.语法填空
Nowadays， more and more parents pay great attention to their children.However， we find 33 common that parents and children lack communication.
More than one reason contributes 34 the problem.
To begin with， the reason why parents spend 35 （little） time with their children is that the heavier social pressure often makes children 36 （ignore） by them.The second， although parents want to talk with their children， some of them don’t know much about the skills in communication or the necessary knowledge of education， which will have a big effect 37 communication.However， the most important reason may be the 38 （tradition） ideas of authority （权威） most parents have.Thus， when 39 （face） the children， parents are not 40 （like） to communicate with them as friends.
To sum up， the solution concerning the problem 41 （be） to diminish （缩小） the gap between parents and children.Therefore， in order to make a better atmosphere 42 the children grow up， the parents should ensure the stability （稳定） of the family and act as good friends to the children.
33. 34. 35.
36. 37. 38.
39. 40. 41. 42.
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
基础知识自测
维度一
1.but 2.or 3.so 4.and 5.where 6.If 7.nor 8.that
维度二
1.so 2.for 3.but 4.why/that 5.when 6.where
7.Although/Though/While 8.unless
维度三
1.when it is mealtime 2.that you form a healthy eating habit
3.because we need enough energy 4.unless you eat healthy food regularly 5.As/So long as you follow my advice
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己的经历，呼吁社会应该教育孩子们打破对盲人的刻板印象。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，作者患有视野狭窄。再结合第二至四段中作者与那位女士的对话可知，那位女士没有看出来作者是盲人。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第五段中作者的儿子所说的That lady thinks all blind people close their eyes and wear dark glasses.Why can’t a blind person look like you？和第七段中他所说的They must have taught her wrong at school可推测，他认为那位女士思想陈旧。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第八段内容可知，这不是作者第一次听到别人说她不像是盲人。由此可推断，当她听到那位女士说她不像盲人时，她表现得很平静。
4.C 推理判断题。作者在倒数第二段中指出大众对盲人有刻板印象，认为盲人只有一种类型。再根据最后一段内容可知，她认为有必要教孩子们改变对盲人的固有印象，告诉他们盲人和弱视者也有不同的类型。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，父母长时间不在身边的青少年有情绪或者行为问题的比例更高。研究结果还表明，父母不必一直在家里陪伴孩子，但在特定的时间待在家里会对孩子的成长有所帮助。作者鼓励父母给青少年提供安静和稳定的陪伴。5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知，618名单亲青少年由于父母工作的原因，长期远离父母生活，他们有情绪或者行为问题的比例更高，即他们更有可能在感情方面出现问题。
6.B 观点态度题。根据第四段内容，尤其是最后一句可知，作者认为对一些家庭而言，父母与孩子待在一起，安静地陪伴对方就是最好的亲子相处的方式。由此可推知，作者对于两位朋友的行为是支持的。
7.A 细节理解题。根据第五段首句及Perhaps our teens， like babies， feel most at ease when their parents are still around.可知，早期的研究表明，孩子们希望他们的父母在场。
8.A 标题归纳题。根据第三段并结合全文内容可知，研究发现，父母长时间不在身边的青少年有情绪或者行为问题的比例更高。研究结果还表明，父母不必一直在家里陪伴孩子，但在特定的时间待在家里会对孩子的成长有所帮助。因此，作者鼓励父母给青少年提供安静和稳定的陪伴，就如陪护盆栽一般。A项（青少年需要盆栽植物陪护式的父母）符合主旨，适合作为文章的标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在陪伴女儿不断尝试学习各种技能的同时，自己也得到了成长，作者希望女儿能够明白没有什么事是可以轻易做到的，即使对成年人来说也是如此。
9.C 句意理解题。根据第二段内容以及画线部分前的That winter also witnessed me getting out on the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined可知，在女儿学习新技能的时候，作者一直陪伴着女儿，所以作者说找到了一生的搭档的意思是“他将和女儿一起探索更多新事物”。
10.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的I start taking piano lessons at 41 years old ...she’ll understand that things don’t come easy， even for grown-ups.可知，作者开始学弹钢琴是为了给女儿树立一个好榜样。
11.B 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，作者在女儿问他一种名为毒蝇伞的毒菇是否可食用时，作者查找识别软件，并认为不能食用这种蘑菇，说明作者是一个谨慎的人；根据最后一段可知，作者开始学弹钢琴是为了给女儿树立一个好榜样，说明他是一个能鼓舞人心的人。
12.A 标题归纳题。第一段讲述作者和女儿一起历险去采蘑菇，第二段作者表明在看到自己的孩子学习新技能的同时，自己也有了成长，第三、四段又分别讲述了陪女儿滑雪和学琴的事，由此可知，本文讲述了作者在女儿不断地尝试学习各种技能的同时，自己也重新发现了冒险，使自己也得到成长。所以A项（重新发现冒险带来的兴奋感）为文章合适的标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。每个人都有认为自己遇事不顺的时候，该如何消除这种坏情绪呢？本文介绍了几种方法。
13.F 根据上下文可知，此处与上文形成转折，同时引起下文。由此可知，F项能够承上启下，符合语境。
14.A 此处是本段的主旨句。根据下文可知，本段主要讲述让自己感觉一下自己什么都做不好的感觉。由此可知，A项总括下文，符合语境。
15.D 根据上文Practice self-care.Self-care is a great stress reliever.可知，此处在讲述自我照顾的好处。由此可知，D项与上文是递进关系，符合语境。
16.G 本段的主旨句是做好事，上文讲述了做好事的益处。由此可知，G项符合本段主旨，其中charitable是关键词，呼应上文讲述的做好事。
17.C 根据段落主旨句Take a break.可知，本段介绍休息的作用。C项中的one指代空前一句中的a break，下文That’s because ...解释了我们休息一下不是失败的原因。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。父母对孩子的爱是理性的吗？当然不是。虽然孩子会慢慢长大，但在父母眼中，孩子永远是孩子，永远都长不大。
18.C 根据下文的romantic love和parental love可知，此处是指“爱”不是理性的。
19.C but前后两个分句之间是转折关系，所以该空表达的意思要与can understand意义相反，hard to accept符合语境。
20.D 根据下文可知，作者的女儿问了个问题。
21.A 根据下文可知，作者的女儿进行过多次探险，也去过外地旅游，但是作者还是让她过马路的时候要小心，她觉得没有必要，所以有些生气。
22.A 根据语境可知，作者让女儿过马路的时候小心一些。
23.B 上文是作者女儿问的问题，所以此处表示，对于这样的问题，父母给不出令人满意的答案。
24.B 根据下文的warning可知，此处指当作者50岁的时候，他的母亲还是会提醒他车不要开得太快。select选择；remind提醒；insist坚持；expect期待；预料。
25.C 根据语境可知，此处指如果作者80岁了而他的母亲还活着，他会得到同样的警告。
26.D 孩子在离家很远的地方时，父母所担心的肯定是他们的安全。根据下一段中的the old protective urge也可以推断出答案。
27.B 根据上文可知，当孩子不在父母身边时，父母对孩子的安全问题无能为力，就尽力不去想这件事了。
28.A 此处表示但是当孩子离得近的时候，这种原先的保护的冲动很快又出现了。come back重新出现。
29.C 根据语境可知，此处指无论他们走了多远或经历过什么都没关系。matter在此处作动词，意为“有关系；重要”。
30.A 根据上文作者的女儿去过很多地方探险，但作者还是提醒她过马路时要小心可知，作者认为大多数事故就发生在身边，而不是在雨林里。accident事故。
31.B 根据上文中的the old protective urge可知，此处指生物保护幼小的本能。
32.C 在父母的思想里，孩子的年龄会增长，但是孩子并没有长大。根据第七段最后一句可知，无论孩子多大，在父母眼里都是没长大的孩子。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了父母和孩子之间缺乏沟通的原因和解决办法。33.it 考查代词。此处为“动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋that从句”结构，that引导宾语从句，作find的真正宾语，设空处应用it作形式宾语。故填it。
34.to 考查介词。contribute to是固定短语，意为“导致”。故填to。
35.less 考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的heavier social pressure可知，父母面对的社会压力更大了，因此和孩子们一起度过的时间更少了，设空处含有比较的意思。故填less。
36.ignored 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，根据语境和空后的by them可知，children和ignore之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填ignored。
37.on 考查介词。have a big effect on sth为固定用法，意为“对某事物产生很大的影响”。故填on。
38.traditional 考查词形转换。 设空处修饰名词ideas，应用形容词，故填traditional。
39.facing 考查省略句。when引导的时间状语从句中的主语和主句的主语保持一致，且从句的谓语中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，此处parents和face之间为主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式。故填facing。
40.likely 考查词形转换。be likely to do sth是固定用法，意为“可能做某事”。故填likely。
41.is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示客观情况，应用一般现在时；句子的主语为the solution， concerning the problem为后置定语修饰solution，主语为单数概念，谓语应用单数形式。故填is。
42.where 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，且先行词atmosphere表示抽象地点，因此设空处用关系副词where。故填where。
7 / 7Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
简单句、并列句和主从复合句
阅读下列句子并分析加黑部分的用法。
1.We know that being a teenager is sometimes difficult.
2.Before you write your post， however， take a look at other users’ posts first.
3.You can look through these articles to find advice on your problem.
4.It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.
5.Our website has many articles about teenagers’ physical and mental health.
6.If your problem is a new one， write a post about it.
7.Your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unhappy.
8.It’s completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent-child tensions create.
【我的发现】
简单句（simple sentences）
并列句（compound sentences）
主从复合句（complex sentences）
英语句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：简单句、并列句和主从复合句。
一、简单句（simple sentence）
简单句是只含有一个主谓结构的句子，按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1.陈述句：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法，有肯定句和否定句之分。
She is fond of collecting stamps.
她喜欢集邮。
I have not heard the latest news about the football match.
我没听到有关足球比赛的最新消息。
2.疑问句：提出问题。有以下四种：
（1）一般疑问句
Can you finish the work in time？
你能按时完成工作吗？
（2）特殊疑问句
Where do you live？
你住在哪里？
How do you know that？
你怎么知道那件事？
（3）选择疑问句
Do you want tea or coffee？
你是要茶还是要咖啡？
（4）附加疑问句（又称反意疑问句）
He doesn’t know her， does he？
他不认识她，对不对？
3.祈使句：提出请求、建议或发出命令。
Sit down， please.
请坐。
Don’t be nervous！
别紧张！
4.感叹句：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。
What good news it is！
多么好的消息啊！
【即时演练1】 完成句子
①The story .
那个故事听起来很有趣。
②I today.
我今天没做早操。
③ five languages？
他会讲五种语言吗？
④ by train.
让他们坐火车去吧。
⑤ it is！
这是个多么有趣的故事啊！
二、并列句（compound sentence）
并列句是由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的简单句构成的句子。其基本结构是“简单句＋并列连词＋简单句”。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。并列连词有and、 but、 or、 so、 for等。
1.表示平行并列，常用的连词有and、 not only ... but also ...、 neither ... nor ...等。
He was cleaning the room and his children were playing outside.
他在打扫房间，他的孩子们在外面玩耍。
2.表示转折，常用的连词有but、 however、 yet、 while等。
His son came back， but he was still concerned.
他儿子回来了，但是他仍然很担心。
He likes sports， while I’d rather collect stamps.
他喜欢运动，而我则爱好集邮。
3.表示因果并列，常用的连词有for、 so等。
It must have rained yesterday evening， for the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。
The manager was ill so I went to the press conference in his place.
经理病了， 所以我代替他去参加新闻发布会。
注意：so和because不能连用。
4.表示选择，常用的连词有or、 either ... or ...等。
Wear your coat， or you’ll catch a cold.
把大衣穿上，不然你会感冒的。
Either Tom or his sisters are coming.
不是汤姆就是他的姐妹们要来。
【即时演练2】 完成句子
①Not only is he our teacher， .
他不仅是我们的老师，而且是我们的朋友。
②The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months， .
这个工人数月在纽约找工作，但是仍然没有找到任何工作。
③I was tired， .
我累了，于是我早早回家了。
④You must be ill， .
你一定是病了，因为你的脸色如此苍白。
三、主从复合句（complex sentence）
主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只能用作句子的一个次要成分，不能独立存在。从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句按其在复合句中的句法功能分为名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句三大类。
（一）名词性从句
名词性从句具有名词的句法功能，在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
1.主语从句
在句子中充当主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句位于谓语动词之前，通常由that、 whether以及疑问连词引导。一般情况下，常用形式主语it代替主语从句，而将真正的主语置于句末。
What he said is true.
他说的是真的。
It is true that Tom has died.
＝That Tom has died is true.
汤姆去世了是真的。
【即时演练3】 完成句子
① is unknown.
他生于何时还不知道。
② is unknown.
谁打破了玻璃还不知道。
2. 宾语从句
宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
（1）基本形式：（主句＋）连词＋从句主语＋从句谓语＋...
（2）关于宾语从句连词的选择
若从句来源于一个陈述句，那么，连词用that，在口语中that可以省略；若从句来源于一个一般疑问句，连词则用if 或whether；若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句，则连词就是疑问词（如what、 who、 where、 when等）。
They think that the bridge was built 100 years ago. （从句本来就是陈述句The bridge was built 100 years ago.）
他们认为这座桥建于一百年前。
I asked him if he had finished his homework.（从句来源于一般问句Have you finished your homework？）
我问他是否已经完成家庭作业。
I asked him where he could get such medicine.（从句来源于特殊疑问句Where can you get such medicine？）
我问他在哪里他可以买到这种药。
（3）宾语从句的时态问题
如果主句是现在时，从句时态根据实际需要而定，该用什么时态就用什么时态；如果主句是过去时，从句则相应地使用过去某一时态，表示客观真理时仍然用现在时。
I think I will do better in English this term.
我认为这学期我会在英语方面做得更好。
The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round.
老师问男孩地球是不是圆的。
（4）“be sorry/afraid/sure/glad＋that从句”结构（系表结构）后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待。
I’m sorry I’m late.
对不起，我迟到了。
I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment.
恐怕他此刻不在家。
【即时演练4】 完成句子
①Could you tell me ， please？
你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？
②He said before supper.
他说他会在晚饭前完成他的工作。
③I’m glad .
我很高兴他得到了这份工作。
3.表语从句
作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、 whether、 as though、 as if等；关系代词who、 what、 which、 whom、 whose、 whatever、 whoever、 whomever、 whichever等；关系副词when、 where、 why、 how、 however、 whenever、 wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be、 look、 remain、 seem等。
The trouble is that we are short of money.
困难是我们资金短缺。
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.
那就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。
At that time， it seemed as if I couldn’t think of the right word anyhow.
当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
【即时演练5】 完成句子
①The trouble is .
麻烦的事是他丢了钱。
②The question is more ice cream.
问题是我们是否还需要一些冰激凌。
（二）状语从句
在复合句中作状语，其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。
1.时间状语从句通常由when、 as、 while、 after、 before、 since、 as soon as、 till （until）、 whenever 等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾。
特别注意：时间状语从句不允许使用将来时，而应用现在时替代（主将从现）。
When you finish the work，you may go out to play with Sam.
你完成工作就可以出去和Sam一起玩了。
I won’t leave until Mum comes back.
妈妈回来了我才会走。
2.地点状语从句通常由 where、 wherever等引导。
Go back where you came from！
你从哪里来还回到哪里去！
I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be.
我永远也不会忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼，无论他会在哪里。
3.原因状语从句通常由because、 since、 as等引导，一般放在句首或句尾。
He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him.
他出国了，因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。
4.目的状语从句通常由so that ...、 in order that ...等引导，往往放在句尾，从句中常含有can、 could、 may、 might等情态动词。
He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train.
他早早起床为的是赶上第一班火车。
5.结果状语从句常由so that引导。在so/such ...that ...结构中，that也可引导结果状语从句。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情，故多为过去时态。
He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one.
他丢了那么多辆自行车，他决定再也不买新自行车了。
6.比较状语从句通常由as、 than、 as （so）...as等引导，一般省略从句的谓语部分，只剩下名词或代词（用主格或宾格均可）。
The piano is more expensive than I expected.
这架钢琴比我预料的贵。
I don’t have as many books as you （do）.
我的书没有你的多。
7.让步状语从句通常由though、 although、 as、 even if、 even though、 however、 whatever等引导。
Even if you pay the debt for me， I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me.
即使你替我还了债我也不会感谢你，因为它与我毫无关系。
He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold.
他穿了一件T恤衫，尽管天很冷。
名师点津
（1）because与so，（al）though与but不可以同时在一个句子中成对出现。
（2）时间、条件、原因、让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开。
8.条件状语从句通常由if、 unless、 no matter（无论）、 as/so long as（只要）等引导，条件状语从句一般放在句首或句尾。
特别注意：条件状语从句也不允许使用将来时，而应该用现在时替代（主将从现）。
You will certainly fail in the coming final exams unless you work much harder.
即将到来的期末考试你肯定考不及格，除非你更加用功。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow， we shall go hiking.
如果明天不下雨，我们就去徒步旅行。
No matter what he says， I will believe him.
无论他说什么，我都相信他。
【即时演练6】 完成句子
①The little boy was crying .
那个小男孩因迷路而哭泣。
②I’m not living .
我不在原来的地方住了。
③He studied hard .
他努力学习，是为了能通过考试。
④He was he couldn’t speak.
他气得话都说不出来。
（三） 定语从句
在复合句中作定语用来修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
1.定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面。
The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.
手上拿着一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。
2.语法术语的名称：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词，其中that、 which、 who、 whose称为关系代词，where、 when、 why称为关系副词。
3.关系代词或关系副词的作用
（1）关系代词who、 whom 和whose指人，分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。which只能指物，that多指物，有时也指人，它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。
This is the person （that/who/whom） we are looking for.
这就是我们正在找的人。
Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in.
请找一间足够大能住下我们所有人的房间。
（2）关系副词when或where引导定语从句时，在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。
This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago.
这是一个星期前他们在里面吵架的房间。
I can never forget the day when I first saw you.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的那天。
【即时演练7】 完成句子
①I know the man .
我认识住在隔壁的那个人。
②She will never forget the day .
她永远不会忘记她结婚的那天。
③Give me one reason .
给我一个我们应当帮助你的理由。
design vt.设计；制订 n.设计；设计艺术
【教材原句】 So， we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journey to adulthood.
因此，我们设计了TeenHealthWeb来帮助你走向成年。
【用法】
（1）design sth for sb/sth 为某人/某物设计某物
be designed for ...＝be designed to do ...
专为……设计的；目的是……
（2）by design 有意地，故意地
（3）designer n. 设计者
【佳句】 Project Hope is designed to help those children who drop out of school because of poverty.
希望工程旨在帮助那些因为贫困而辍学的孩子。
【联想】 表示“故意与偶然”的词语小结
故意地：①by design ②on purpose
③deliberately
偶然地：①by chance ②by accident
③accidentally
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The new theatre is specially designed the disabled.
②Do you think the traffic accident was caused by accident or design？
③Our company employed an Italian （design） to create new dress styles.
④Paper cuttings of special （design） are put up to celebrate the Spring Festival.
【写美】 句式升级
⑤The project， which was designed to help the students in need， didn’t work out as planned.
→The project， ， didn’t work out as planned.（动词-ed短语作后置定语）
look through 浏览；快速查看
【教材原句】 You can look through these articles to find advice on your problem.
你可以浏览这些文章来找出关于你的问题的建议。
【用法】
look around 环视；参观
look after 照顾
look back （on） 回忆；回顾
look down on/upon 轻视；看不起
look forward to 期待；盼望
look into 调查
look up 向上看；查阅
look out （for） 当心；注意察看
【佳句】 I’ve looked through all my papers but I still can’t find the contract.
我翻阅了我所有的文件，但是我仍然找不到那份合同。
【练透】 用look的相关短语填空
①The kid is being taken to the zoo this weekend.
②I often the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet.
③John’s mother told him to his younger brother.
【写美】 完成句子
④Because ， their eyes are very different from a mammal.
因为鱼能透过水看东西，它们的眼睛与哺乳动物非常不同。
likely adj.可能的，预料的，有希望的
【教材原句】 It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.
这个问题很可能在我们论坛上已经讨论过了。
【用法】
（1）sb be likely to do sth 某人可能做某事
It is likely that ... 可能……
（2）unlikely adj. 不大可能的
be unlikely to ... 不可能……
【佳句】 In fact， women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.
事实上，女性患有高血压或死于心脏病的可能性较小。
【用准】 （1）likely可用于“It is likely that ...”和“sb/sth be likely to do sth”句型中，但不用于“It is likely for sb/sth to do sth”句型中。
（2）likely的近义词为probable和possible，但probable和possible一般用it作形式主语，不能用人或物作主语。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The price is likely （go） down because of the competition.
②I have learned that Mr Brown disagrees with you.Your suggestion is （like） to be accepted under present condition.
【写美】 同义句转换
③If you grow up in a large family， you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others.
→If you grow up in a large family， you develop the ability to get on well with others.
④It is likely that he will be busy tomorrow because of the coming exam.
→He tomorrow because of the coming exam.
cheer up （使）变得高兴，振奋起来
【教材原句】 Cheer up， Teresa.They’ll understand and everything will turn out all right！
振奋起来，特蕾萨。他们会明白一切都会好起来的！
【用法】
（1）cheer vi.& vt.欢呼，喝彩，加油
n. 欢呼声，喝彩声
cheer sb on＝cheer on sb
为某人加油；使某人振作起来
cheer for 为……而欢呼
（2）cheerful adj. 高兴的；兴高采烈的
（3）Cheers！ 干杯！
【佳句】 Upon arriving at the classroom，the author was cheered up by a warm welcome.
一走进教室，那位作者就因热烈的欢迎而高兴起来。
I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely！我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I do hope she can cheer and rebuild her confidence.
②This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s most （cheer） holiday scenes.
【写美】 完成句子
③When I’m feeling sad， my mother often tells me funny stories to .
当我感到难过时，我的妈妈经常给我讲有趣的故事使我高兴起来。
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
3、5 7 1、2、4、6、8
即时演练1
①sounds very interesting ②didn’t do morning exercises ③Can he speak ④Let them go ⑤What an interesting story
即时演练2
①but he is also our friend ②yet he couldn’t find any work
③so I went home early ④for you look so pale
即时演练3
①When he was born ②Who has broken the glass
即时演练4
①who knows the answer ②that he could finish his work
③that he’s got the job
即时演练5
①that he has lost his money ②whether we need
即时演练6
①because he was lost ②where I was ③in order that he could pass the exam ④so angry that
即时演练7
①who/that lives next door ②when she got married
③why we should help you
【核心知识·巧突破】
1.①for ②by ③designer ④designs ⑤designed to help the students in need
2.①looking forward to ②look up ③look after
④fish look through water
3.①to go ②unlikely ③it is more likely that
④is likely to be busy
4.①up ②cheerful ③cheer me up
1 / 10(共123张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Grammar and usage
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
3
课时检测·提能力
2
核心知识·巧突破
1
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
简单句、并列句和主从复合句
阅读下列句子并分析加黑部分的用法。
1. We know that being a teenager is sometimes difficult.
2. Before you write your post， however， take a look at other users’
posts first.
3. You can look through these articles to find advice on your problem.
4. It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.
5. Our website has many articles about teenagers’ physical and mental
health.
6. If your problem is a new one， write a post about it.
7. Your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unhappy.
8. It’s completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent-child
tensions create.
【我的发现】
简单句（simple sentences）
并列句（compound sentences）
主从复合句（complex sentences）
3、5
7
1、2、4、6、8
英语句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：简单句、并列句和主从复
合句。
一、简单句（simple sentence）
简单句是只含有一个主谓结构的句子，按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑
问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1. 陈述句：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法，有肯定句和否定句之分。
She is fond of collecting stamps.
她喜欢集邮。
I have not heard the latest news about the football match.
我没听到有关足球比赛的最新消息。
2. 疑问句：提出问题。有以下四种：
（1）一般疑问句
Can you finish the work in time？
你能按时完成工作吗？
（2）特殊疑问句
Where do you live？
你住在哪里？
How do you know that？
你怎么知道那件事？
（3）选择疑问句
Do you want tea or coffee？
你是要茶还是要咖啡？
（4）附加疑问句（又称反意疑问句）
He doesn’t know her， does he？
他不认识她，对不对？
3. 祈使句：提出请求、建议或发出命令。
Sit down， please.
请坐。
Don’t be nervous！
别紧张！
4. 感叹句：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。
What good news it is！
多么好的消息啊！
【即时演练1】 完成句子
①The story .
那个故事听起来很有趣。
②I today.
我今天没做早操。
③ five languages？
他会讲五种语言吗？
④ by train.
让他们坐火车去吧。
⑤ it is！
这是个多么有趣的故事啊！
sounds very interesting
didn’t do morning exercises
Can he speak
Let them go
What an interesting story
二、并列句（compound sentence）
并列句是由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的简单句构成的句子。其
基本结构是“简单句＋并列连词＋简单句”。并列句中的各简单句意
义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。并列连词
有and、 but、 or、 so、 for等。
1. 表示平行并列，常用的连词有and、 not only ... but also ...、
neither ... nor ...等。
He was cleaning the room and his children were playing outside.
他在打扫房间，他的孩子们在外面玩耍。
2. 表示转折，常用的连词有but、 however、 yet、 while等。
His son came back， but he was still concerned.
他儿子回来了，但是他仍然很担心。
He likes sports， while I’d rather collect stamps.
他喜欢运动，而我则爱好集邮。
3. 表示因果并列，常用的连词有for、 so等。
It must have rained yesterday evening， for the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。
The manager was ill so I went to the press conference in his place.
经理病了， 所以我代替他去参加新闻发布会。
注意：so和because不能连用。
4. 表示选择，常用的连词有or、 either ... or ...等。
Wear your coat， or you’ll catch a cold.
把大衣穿上，不然你会感冒的。
Either Tom or his sisters are coming.
不是汤姆就是他的姐妹们要来。
【即时演练2】 完成句子
①Not only is he our teacher， .
他不仅是我们的老师，而且是我们的朋友。
②The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months，
.
这个工人数月在纽约找工作，但是仍然没有找到任何工作。
③I was tired， .
我累了，于是我早早回家了。
④You must be ill， .
你一定是病了，因为你的脸色如此苍白。
but he is also our friend
yet he
couldn’t find any work
so I went home early
for you look so pale
三、主从复合句（complex sentence）
主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的
主体，从句只能用作句子的一个次要成分，不能独立存在。从句通常
由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句按其在复
合句中的句法功能分为名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句三大类。
（一）名词性从句
名词性从句具有名词的句法功能，在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表
语或同位语。
1. 主语从句
在句子中充当主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句位于谓语动词之
前，通常由that、 whether以及疑问连词引导。一般情况下，常用形
式主语it代替主语从句，而将真正的主语置于句末。
What he said is true.
他说的是真的。
It is true that Tom has died.
＝That Tom has died is true.
汤姆去世了是真的。
【即时演练3】 完成句子
① is unknown.
他生于何时还不知道。
② is unknown.
谁打破了玻璃还不知道。
2. 宾语从句
宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
（1）基本形式：（主句＋）连词＋从句主语＋从句谓语＋...
When he was born
Who has broken the glass
（2）关于宾语从句连词的选择
若从句来源于一个陈述句，那么，连词用that，在口语中that
可以省略；若从句来源于一个一般疑问句，连词则用if 或
whether；若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句，则连词就是疑问词
（如what、 who、 where、 when等）。
They think that the bridge was built 100 years ago. （从句本
来就是陈述句The bridge was built 100 years ago.）
他们认为这座桥建于一百年前。
I asked him if he had finished his homework.（从句来源于一
般问句Have you finished your homework？）
我问他是否已经完成家庭作业。
I asked him where he could get such medicine.（从句来源于
特殊疑问句Where can you get such medicine？）
我问他在哪里他可以买到这种药。
（3）宾语从句的时态问题
如果主句是现在时，从句时态根据实际需要而定，该用什么
时态就用什么时态；如果主句是过去时，从句则相应地使用
过去某一时态，表示客观真理时仍然用现在时。
I think I will do better in English this term.
我认为这学期我会在英语方面做得更好。
The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round.
老师问男孩地球是不是圆的。
（4）“be sorry/afraid/sure/glad＋that从句”结构（系表结构）后面
的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待。
I’m sorry I’m late.
对不起，我迟到了。
I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment.
恐怕他此刻不在家。
【即时演练4】 完成句子
①Could you tell me ，please？
你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？
②He said before supper.
他说他会在晚饭前完成他的工作。
③I’m glad .
我很高兴他得到了这份工作。
who knows the answer
that he could finish his work
that he’s got the job
3. 表语从句
作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导
表语从句的词有从属连词that、 whether、 as though、 as if等；关系
代词who、 what、 which、 whom、 whose、 whatever、 whoever、
whomever、 whichever等；关系副词when、 where、 why、 how、
however、 whenever、 wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词有
be、 look、 remain、 seem等。
The trouble is that we are short of money.
困难是我们资金短缺。
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New
England fields.
那就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。
At that time， it seemed as if I couldn’t think of the right word
anyhow.
当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
【即时演练5】 完成句子
①The trouble is .
麻烦的事是他丢了钱。
②The question is more ice cream.
问题是我们是否还需要一些冰激凌。
that he has lost his money
whether we need
（二）状语从句
在复合句中作状语，其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分
为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语
从句由从属连接词引导。
1. 时间状语从句通常由when、 as、 while、 after、 before、 since、 as
soon as、 till （until）、 whenever 等引导。时间状语从句一般放在
句首或句尾。
特别注意：时间状语从句不允许使用将来时，而应用现在时替代
（主将从现）。
When you finish the work，you may go out to play with Sam.
你完成工作就可以出去和Sam一起玩了。
I won’t leave until Mum comes back.
妈妈回来了我才会走。
2. 地点状语从句通常由 where、 wherever等引导。
Go back where you came from！
你从哪里来还回到哪里去！
I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever
he may be.
我永远也不会忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼，无论他会在哪里。
3. 原因状语从句通常由because、 since、 as等引导，一般放在句首或
句尾。
He went abroad because his father had found a good university for
him.
他出国了，因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。
4. 目的状语从句通常由so that ...、 in order that ...等引导，往往放
在句尾，从句中常含有can、 could、 may、 might等情态动词。
He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train.
他早早起床为的是赶上第一班火车。
5. 结果状语从句常由so that引导。在so/such ...that ...结构中，that
也可引导结果状语从句。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情，
故多为过去时态。
He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one.
他丢了那么多辆自行车，他决定再也不买新自行车了。
6. 比较状语从句通常由as、 than、 as （so）...as等引导，一般省略
从句的谓语部分，只剩下名词或代词（用主格或宾格均可）。
The piano is more expensive than I expected.
这架钢琴比我预料的贵。
I don’t have as many books as you （do）.
我的书没有你的多。
7. 让步状语从句通常由though、 although、 as、 even if、 even
though、 however、 whatever等引导。
Even if you pay the debt for me， I will not thank you because it has
nothing to do with me.
即使你替我还了债我也不会感谢你，因为它与我毫无关系。
He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold.
他穿了一件T恤衫，尽管天很冷。
名师点津
（1）because与so，（al）though与but不可以同时在一个句子中成对
出现。
（2）时间、条件、原因、让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主
句隔开。
8. 条件状语从句通常由if、 unless、 no matter（无论）、 as/so long as
（只要）等引导，条件状语从句一般放在句首或句尾。
特别注意：条件状语从句也不允许使用将来时，而应该用现在时替
代（主将从现）。
You will certainly fail in the coming final exams unless you work
much harder.
即将到来的期末考试你肯定考不及格，除非你更加用功。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow， we shall go hiking.
如果明天不下雨，我们就去徒步旅行。
No matter what he says， I will believe him.
无论他说什么，我都相信他。
【即时演练6】 完成句子
①The little boy was crying .
那个小男孩因迷路而哭泣。
②I’m not living .
我不在原来的地方住了。
③He studied hard .
他努力学习，是为了能通过考试。
④He was he couldn’t speak.
他气得话都说不出来。
because he was lost
where I was
in order that he could pass the exam
so angry that
（三）定语从句
在复合句中作定语用来修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语
从句。
1. 定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面。
The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.
手上拿着一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。
2. 语法术语的名称：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句
的连接词称为关系词，其中that、 which、 who、 whose称为关系代
词，where、 when、 why称为关系副词。
3. 关系代词或关系副词的作用
（1）关系代词who、 whom 和whose指人，分别在从句中作主语、
宾语和定语。which只能指物，that多指物，有时也指人，它
们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。定语从句中关系代词作从句
宾语时可以省略。
This is the person （that/who/whom） we are looking for.
这就是我们正在找的人。
Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in.
请找一间足够大能住下我们所有人的房间。
（2）关系副词when或where引导定语从句时，在从句中分别作时
间状语和地点状语。
This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago.
这是一个星期前他们在里面吵架的房间。
I can never forget the day when I first saw you.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的那天。
【即时演练7】 完成句子
①I know the man .
我认识住在隔壁的那个人。
②She will never forget the day .
她永远不会忘记她结婚的那天。
③Give me one reason .
给我一个我们应当帮助你的理由。
who/that lives next door
when she got married
why we should help you
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
2
design vt.设计；制订 n.设计；设计艺术
【教材原句】 So， we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you
along the journey to adulthood.
因此，我们设计了TeenHealthWeb来帮助你走向成年。
（1）design sth for sb/sth 为某人/某物设计某物be designed for ...＝
be designed to do ... 专为……设计的；目的是……
（2）by design 有意地，故意地
（3）designer n. 设计者
【用法】
【佳句】 Project Hope is designed to help those children who drop out
of school because of poverty.
希望工程旨在帮助那些因为贫困而辍学的孩子。
【联想】 表示“故意与偶然”的词语小结
故意地：①by design ②on purpose ③deliberately
偶然地：①by chance ②by accident ③accidentally
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The new theatre is specially designed the disabled.
②Do you think the traffic accident was caused by accident or
design？
③Our company employed an Italian （design） to create
new dress styles.
④Paper cuttings of special （design） are put up to celebrate
the Spring Festival.
for
by
designer
designs
【写美】 句式升级
⑤The project， which was designed to help the students in need，
didn’t work out as planned.
→The project， ， didn’t work
out as planned.（动词-ed短语作后置定语）
designed to help the students in need
look through 浏览；快速查看
【教材原句】 You can look through these articles to find advice on
your problem.
你可以浏览这些文章来找出关于你的问题的建议。
look around 环视；参观
look after 照顾
look back （on） 回忆；回顾
look down on/upon 轻视；看不起
look forward to 期待；盼望
look into 调查
look up 向上看；查阅
look out （for） 当心；注意察看
【用法】
【佳句】 I’ve looked through all my papers but I still can’t find the
contract.
我翻阅了我所有的文件，但是我仍然找不到那份合同。
【练透】 用look的相关短语填空
①The kid is being taken to the zoo this weekend.
②I often the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the
Internet.
③John’s mother told him to his younger brother.
looking forward to
look up
look after
【写美】 完成句子
④Because ， their eyes are very different
from a mammal.
因为鱼能透过水看东西，它们的眼睛与哺乳动物非常不同。
fish look through water
likely adj.可能的，预料的，有希望的
【教材原句】 It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on
our forum.
这个问题很可能在我们论坛上已经讨论过了。
【用法】
（1）sb be likely to do sth 某人可能做某事
It is likely that ... 可能……
（2）unlikely adj. 不大可能的
be unlikely to ... 不可能……
【佳句】 In fact， women are less likely to have high blood pressure or
to die from heart attacks.
事实上，女性患有高血压或死于心脏病的可能性较小。
【用准】 （1）likely可用于“It is likely that ...”和“sb/sth be
likely to do sth”句型中，但不用于“It is likely for sb/sth to do sth”句
型中。
（2）likely的近义词为probable和possible，但probable和possible一般
用it作形式主语，不能用人或物作主语。
①The price is likely （go） down because of the
competition.
②I have learned that Mr Brown disagrees with you.Your suggestion
is （like） to be accepted under present condition.
to go
unlikely
【练透】 单句语法填空
【写美】 同义句转换
③If you grow up in a large family， you are more likely to develop
the ability to get on well with others.
→If you grow up in a large family， you
develop the ability to get on well with others.
④It is likely that he will be busy tomorrow because of the coming
exam.
→He tomorrow because of the coming
exam.
it is more likely that
is likely to be busy
cheer up （使）变得高兴，振奋起来
【教材原句】 Cheer up， Teresa.They’ll understand and everything
will turn out all right！
振奋起来，特蕾萨。他们会明白一切都会好起来的！
（1）cheer vi.& vt. 欢呼，喝彩，加油
n. 欢呼声，喝彩声
cheer sb on＝cheer on sb 为某人加油；使某人振作起来
cheer for 为……而欢呼
（2）cheerful adj. 高兴的；兴高采烈的
（3）Cheers！ 干杯！
【用法】
【佳句】 Upon arriving at the classroom，the author was cheered up
by a warm welcome.
一走进教室，那位作者就因热烈的欢迎而高兴起来。
I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely！
我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I do hope she can cheer and rebuild her confidence.
②This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s
most （cheer） holiday scenes.
up
cheerful
【写美】 完成句子
③When I’m feeling sad， my mother often tells me funny stories
to .
当我感到难过时，我的妈妈经常给我讲有趣的故事使我高兴起来。
cheer me up
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空。
1. She likes bread and milk， she doesn’t like eggs at all.
2. They must be taken away from the heat of the fire， they might
get burnt.
3. The problem is difficult that most students can’t work it out.
4. Two weeks went by， our exchange activities ended.
but
or
so
and
5. Ancient China was a place states were often at war with
each other.
6. you’re interested in the position， please email me.
7. Neither did the naughty boy go home did his parents come to
search for him.
8. It is likely you can easily fall ill if you keep smoking.
where
If
nor
that
维度二：语法与写作
请用合适的连词把每组句子合并为一个句子。
1. He was tired after climbing the mountain.He went to bed.
→He was tired after climbing the mountain， he went to bed.
2. The child hid behind his mother’s skirt.He was afraid of the dog.
→The child hid behind his mother’s skirt， he was afraid of
the dog.
3. He made a promise that he would see me.He didn’t keep it.
→He made a promise that he would see me， he didn’t keep
it.
so
for
but
4. He has found out.She was late for school yesterday.
→He has found out she was late for school yesterday.
5. I still remember the day.I first went to York on that day.
→I still remember the day I first went to York.
6. This is the place. My grandparents lived there.
→This is the place my grandparents lived.
7. The doctor was tired. He went on working.
→ the doctor was tired， he went on
working.
8. We won’t go to his party. He invites us.
→We won’t go to his party he invites us.
why/that
when
where
Although/Though/While
unless
维度三：语法与语篇
根据汉语提示，完成下面的语段。
Dear friends，
It is common that some students would eat snacks instead of meals
1. （当该到吃饭的时候）.Now I suggest
2. （你养成一个健康的饮食习
惯）.
when it is mealtime
that you form a healthy eating habit
For us students， eating healthy food is of great importance
3. （因为我们需要足够的能量） to
keep our body functioning well.You will be ill and unhealthy 4.
（除非你经常吃健康的食物）.Let’s
have a healthy diet from now on.5.
（只要你听从我的建议）， you will grow up healthily and
happily.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
because we need enough energy
unless
you eat healthy food regularly
As/So long as you follow my
advice
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Today I took my two kids to a museum， along with my guide
dog.I’ve got tunnel vision — that means I can see fine in the middle，
read normal print， and create all the photos and toys for ToyLikeMe （a
company that encourages toy companies to produce more toys that
represent people with disabilities）， but I cannot see my feet when I
walk， nor people as they come near my sides.
A museum attendant in her late 60s said to me， “Lovely dog， are
you training her？”
“No，” I replied with a smile.“She works for me.”
“Oh，”said the lady.“I thought you were the trainer.You don’t
look blind.”
Outside the sun was shining and my seven-year-old son， who had
overheard this exchange， turned and said to me， “That lady thinks all
blind people close their eyes and wear dark glasses.Why can’t a blind
person look like you？”
“It’s called ignorance （无知），” I said gently， “when
somebody doesn’t really know much about something.”
“They must have taught her wrong at school，” he said.“Back
then they treated blind people badly and said they all had to look one
way.She’s stuck in the dark ages.”
This isn’t the first time someone has said to me “You don’t look
blind”.It won’t be the last.
So what does blind look like？ Why do we expect “blind people”
to look a certain way？ The answer is “stereotyping （刻板印
象）”.The media and toys and books have stereotyped blind people for
hundreds of years.They still do.They create a simple image （形象），
usually of someone looking poor， lost and unable to see anything at all.
It’s time to teach children that blind and partially sighted （弱视
的） people， just like the rest of the human race， come with a million
different looks， so they don’t look so surprised when they come across
anything other than a stereotype！ Let’s tell the kids of today！ Oh
yes， princesses can be blind， and Genies too！ You can get blind
Rainbow Dashes and partially sighted Potatoes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己的经历，呼
吁社会应该教育孩子们打破对盲人的刻板印象。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己的经历，呼
吁社会应该教育孩子们打破对盲人的刻板印象。
1. What happened to the author today？
A. She found her sight completely lost.
B. She bought new toys for her two kids.
C. She was mistaken for a normal person.
D. She let her guide dog help a stranger.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，作者患有视野狭
窄。再结合第二至四段中作者与那位女士的对话可知，那位女士没
有看出来作者是盲人。
2. What did the author’s son think of the old lady？
A. She was out of date. B. She was quite gentle.
C. She was too impolite. D. She was very careful.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中作者的儿子所说的That lady
thinks all blind people close their eyes and wear dark glasses.Why
can’t a blind person look like you？和第七段中他所说的They must
have taught her wrong at school可推测，他认为那位女士思想陈旧。
3. How did the author feel when she heard what the old lady said？
A. Safe. B. Calm.
C. Nervous. D. Surprised.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第八段内容可知，这不是作者第一次
听到别人说她不像是盲人。由此可推断，当她听到那位女士说她不
像盲人时，她表现得很平静。
4. What does the author think is necessary？
A. Putting yourself in blind people’s shoes.
B. Learning to have respect for blind people.
C. Changing the fixed idea about blind people.
D. Giving a helping hand to blind people whenever needed.
解析： 推理判断题。作者在倒数第二段中指出大众对盲人有刻
板印象，认为盲人只有一种类型。再根据最后一段内容可知，她认
为有必要教孩子们改变对盲人的固有印象，告诉他们盲人和弱视者
也有不同的类型。
B
Researchers from the University of Western Australia recently studied
3，000 middle and high school students.Among them were 618 teenagers
with one parent who lived away from home for long periods of time
because of work.The researchers wanted to know how the work of these
“fly-in， fly-out” parents might influence the health of their children.
A higher percentage （比例） of teenagers who experienced the long
work absence of a parent had emotional or behavioural problems compared
with those whose parents worked more traditional hours.This supports
earlier research finding high percentages of emotional problems in
teenagers who often returned to an empty house after school or whose
parents were seldom at dinner.
Findings also suggest that parents don’t have to be home all the time
to be present in their children’s lives， but it helps to be home at certain
times.And the best parental presence for a teenager may sometimes be like
a potted （盆栽的） plant.
Many parents of teenagers have known this to be true and find ways
to be present without trying to start a conversation.One friend of mine
quietly does housework each evening in the sitting room where her
teenagers watch TV. They enjoy each other’s company without the need
to talk.Another friend usually accepts his daughter’s invitation to work
or read nearby while she is sitting and doing her homework.Perhaps，
that， at least for some families， is the best way for a teenager and his or
her parents to stay close.
In fact， many years of research suggests that children regard their
parents as a safe base from which to explore the world.Studies tell us that
young children quietly follow their parents’ movements from room to
room， even while going on with their own activities.Perhaps our teens，
like babies， feel most at ease when their parents are still around.They
don’t want to stay away from parents who allow them freedom.
A new school year is at hand， so as parents we could offer our
teenagers a “potted plant”， as a gift， whose quiet and steady presence
will give them a great day.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，父母长时间不在身边的
青少年有情绪或者行为问题的比例更高。研究结果还表明，父母不
必一直在家里陪伴孩子，但在特定的时间待在家里会对孩子的成长
有所帮助。作者鼓励父母给青少年提供安静和稳定的陪伴。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，父母长时间不在身边的
青少年有情绪或者行为问题的比例更高。研究结果还表明，父母不
必一直在家里陪伴孩子，但在特定的时间待在家里会对孩子的成长
有所帮助。作者鼓励父母给青少年提供安静和稳定的陪伴。
5. What did the study find about the 618 teens？
A. They had more dinners with their parents.
B. They were more prepared to help themselves.
C. They showed more dislike for traditional working hours.
D. They were more likely to have trouble with their feelings.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知，618名单亲青少年
由于父母工作的原因，长期远离父母生活，他们有情绪或者行为问
题的比例更高，即他们更有可能在感情方面出现问题。
6. What is the author’s attitude to her two friends’ behaviour？
A. She doubts them.
B. She supports them.
C. She is worried about them.
D. She cares little about them.
解析： 观点态度题。根据第四段内容，尤其是最后一句可知，
作者认为对一些家庭而言，父母与孩子待在一起，安静地陪伴对方
就是最好的亲子相处的方式。由此可推知，作者对于两位朋友的行
为是支持的。
7. What does earlier research say about young kids according to
Paragraph 5？
A. They want their parents’ presence.
B. They want their parents to be safe.
C. They want more freedom from parents.
D. They show more interest in new activities.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段首句及Perhaps our teens， like
babies， feel most at ease when their parents are still around.可知，早
期的研究表明，孩子们希望他们的父母在场。
8. Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A. Teens Want Potted Plant Parents
B. Your Kids Still Need Protection
C. Quiet Families Raise Healthier Teenagers
D. Parents Know Little About Today’s Teenagers
解析： 标题归纳题。根据第三段并结合全文内容可知，研究发
现，父母长时间不在身边的青少年有情绪或者行为问题的比例更
高。研究结果还表明，父母不必一直在家里陪伴孩子，但在特定的
时间待在家里会对孩子的成长有所帮助。因此，作者鼓励父母给青
少年提供安静和稳定的陪伴，就如陪护盆栽一般。A项（青少年需
要盆栽植物陪护式的父母）符合主旨，适合作为文章的标题。
C
“Can we eat this one， Dad？” my four-year-old daughter，
Alicia， asks.We’re on one of our Thursday adventures， searching the
nearby woods for eatable mushrooms.She’s pointing at a bright-red cap
covered with white dots.I pull out my handy mushroom-identification
app， which notes that Amanita muscaria， while eatable if prepared
properly， is also a known hallucinogen （致幻剂）.I have a firm “tell
them the truth and be as precise as possible” philosophy and explain what
the app says， and that I don’t think our Thursday adventures are ready
to get quite that adventurous yet.
Watching your kids learn new skills is extraordinarily rewarding，
but I’ve experienced more personal growth than I have at any other point
in my life.
Last year， after a winter of practising skiing on the green tracks for
beginners each week， Alicia was french-frying （when your skis are
positioned parellel to each other） her way down blues and even attempted
her first black.That winter also witnessed me getting out on the mountain
more times than in the 15 years combined and I’ve got myself a partner
for life.
It’s not all easy — but sometimes that’s the point.Alicia practises
the violin every day， and although she enjoys it， even 15 minutes of
practice can upset her.The trick， I’ve found， is to let her watch me try
to get better at something， too.I start taking piano lessons at 41 years old
with the idea that if she sees me struggling as I practise and then
improve， she’ll understand that things don’t come easy， even for
grown-ups.I know there’s going to be a time when I’ll end up on the
sidelines cheering her on as she finds her own passions.I’m okay with
this， and I’m hoping that by then she’ll carry the joy of practice and
knowledge through life.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在陪伴女儿不断尝试学习各种
技能的同时，自己也得到了成长，作者希望女儿能够明白没有什么
事是可以轻易做到的，即使对成年人来说也是如此。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在陪伴女儿不断尝试学习各种
技能的同时，自己也得到了成长，作者希望女儿能够明白没有什么
事是可以轻易做到的，即使对成年人来说也是如此。
9. What does the father imply by saying “I’ve got myself a partner for
life” in Paragraph 3？
A. It is rewarding to learn new skills.
B. Skiing has become his lifelong hobby.
C. He will explore more with his daughter.
D. His daughter will accompany him forever.
解析： 句意理解题。根据第二段内容以及画线部分前的That
winter also witnessed me getting out on the mountain more times than
in the 15 years combined可知，在女儿学习新技能的时候，作者一
直陪伴着女儿，所以作者说找到了一生的搭档的意思是“他将和女
儿一起探索更多新事物”。
10. Why does the father start learning to play the piano？
A. To prove it is never too old to learn.
B. To set a good example for his daughter.
C. To experience the joy of piano practice.
D. To share with his daughter musical knowledge.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的I start taking piano
lessons at 41 years old ...she’ll understand that things don’t come
easy， even for grown-ups.可知，作者开始学弹钢琴是为了给女儿
树立一个好榜样。
11. Which of the following can best describe the father？
A. Rigid and humorous.
B. Cautious and inspiring.
C. Creative and thoughtful.
D. Ambitious and patient.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，作者在女儿问他
一种名为毒蝇伞的毒菇是否可食用时，作者查找识别软件，并认
为不能食用这种蘑菇，说明作者是一个谨慎的人；根据最后一段
可知，作者开始学弹钢琴是为了给女儿树立一个好榜样，说明他
是一个能鼓舞人心的人。
12. Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A. The Thrill of Rediscovering Adventure
B. Practice Makes Perfect
C. Like Father， Like Daughter
D. The Power of Knowledge
解析： 标题归纳题。第一段讲述作者和女儿一起历险去采蘑
菇，第二段作者表明在看到自己的孩子学习新技能的同时，自己
也有了成长，第三、四段又分别讲述了陪女儿滑雪和学琴的事，
由此可知，本文讲述了作者在女儿不断地尝试学习各种技能的同
时，自己也重新发现了冒险，使自己也得到成长。所以A项（重
新发现冒险带来的兴奋感）为文章合适的标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
If you’ve ever felt like you can’t do anything right， you might
think you’re the only one who has experienced that feeling. 13
Fortunately， there are ways to cope with it.
14 When you’re feeling like you can’t do anything right，
take a moment and just let yourself feel that.Once you’re feeling a little
calmer， try to search deeper into where the feeling is coming from.This
can lead you to understand if there is a large issue that you need to deal
with.
Practice self-care.Self-care is a great stress reliever. 15 It is
anything you do for yourself that makes you feel good.It can be physical，
like taking a bath， or emotional， like lying down and listening to
relaxing music.
Do a good deed.Acts of kindness towards others aid our emotional
well-being， and when you’re feeling more positive， chances are
you’ll realize you do plenty of things in life right.Additionally， a kind
act is also something you did right！ 16
Take a break. 17 That’s because we all need breaks and we all
benefit from taking them！Taking a break reduces stress， makes us more
productive overall and clears our heads.When you’re feeling like you
can’t do anything right， just pause， and ask yourself if you’d like to
take a few minutes off， and see where that leads you.
A. Let yourself feel this way.
B. Get past a feeling and fight with it.
C. It’s not a failure in life if you just need one.
D. It also helps you feel more positive about yourself.
E. And most of us do not share this feeling with others.
F. The truth， though， is that it’s perfectly common to feel this way.
G. Everyone wins when you practice being charitable towards other
people.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。每个人都有认为自己遇事不顺的时
候，该如何消除这种坏情绪呢？本文介绍了几种方法。
13. F 根据上下文可知，此处与上文形成转折，同时引起下文。由此
可知，F项能够承上启下，符合语境。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。每个人都有认为自己遇事不顺的时
候，该如何消除这种坏情绪呢？本文介绍了几种方法。
14. A 此处是本段的主旨句。根据下文可知，本段主要讲述让自己
感觉一下自己什么都做不好的感觉。由此可知，A项总括下文，符合
语境。
15. D 根据上文Practice self-care.Self-care is a great stress reliever.可
知，此处在讲述自我照顾的好处。由此可知，D项与上文是递进关
系，符合语境。
16. G 本段的主旨句是做好事，上文讲述了做好事的益处。由此可
知，G项符合本段主旨，其中charitable是关键词，呼应上文讲述的做
好事。
17. C 根据段落主旨句Take a break.可知，本段介绍休息的作用。C
项中的one指代空前一句中的a break，下文That’s because ...解释了
我们休息一下不是失败的原因。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Are parents rational （理性的） about their children？ No.Parents
aren’t rational because 18 isn’t rational.Young people can
understand this about romantic love， but they find it 19 to accept
this part in parental love.
My eldest daughter’s 20 the other day brought this up.“Let
me ask you something， Dad，” she began to control 21 patiently
that every experienced parent knows.
“I sailed around the Mediterranean when I was seventeen，” she
said.“I hiked through the Pyrenees.I’ve done rock climbing and deep-
sea diving and slept in rainforests.Right？”
“Right，” I said “So what？”
“So this，” she went on.“When I go to the corner drugstore to
pick up some shampoo， why do you always tell me to be 22 when I
cross the street？”
There is no satisfactory 23 a parent can give to this.
All I could say in reply was that when I was 50， my mother
would 24 me not to drive too fast.If I were 80 and she were still
alive， I would be getting the 25 warning.No matter what the age，
a child is a child.
There is something else， too， that children find it hard to
understand.When they are far away， there is nothing we can do about
their 26 .Parents try not to 27 about it.
But when the children are close， the old protective urge
quickly 28 ， and it doesn’t 29 how far they have been or what
experiences they have got through.
Most 30 happen round the corner， not in the rainforest.The
most instinctive （本能的） act of almost every creature is to 31 its
young， and this reaction stays for a lifetime.
In the parents’ mind， a child ages but does not 32 .Rational？
No.But if we were rational， would we want children at all？
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。父母对孩子的爱是理性的吗？当然
不是。虽然孩子会慢慢长大，但在父母眼中，孩子永远是孩子，永
远都长不大。
18. A. worry B. fear C. love D. need
解析： 根据下文的romantic love和parental love可知，此处是指
“爱”不是理性的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。父母对孩子的爱是理性的吗？当然
不是。虽然孩子会慢慢长大，但在父母眼中，孩子永远是孩子，永
远都长不大。
19. A. easy B. friendly
C. hard D. important
解析： but前后两个分句之间是转折关系，所以该空表达的意
思要与can understand意义相反，hard to accept符合语境。
20. A. problem B. explanation
C. warning D. question
解析： 根据下文可知，作者的女儿问了个问题。
21. A. anger B. pride
C. anxiety D. surprise
解析： 根据下文可知，作者的女儿进行过多次探险，也去过
外地旅游，但是作者还是让她过马路的时候要小心，她觉得没有
必要，所以有些生气。
22. A. careful B. brave
C. quick D. helpful
解析： 根据语境可知，作者让女儿过马路的时候小心一些。
23. A. solution B. answer
C. conclusion D. present
解析： 上文是作者女儿问的问题，所以此处表示，对于这样
的问题，父母给不出令人满意的答案。
24. A. select B. remind
C. insist D. expect
解析： 根据下文的warning可知，此处指当作者50岁的时候，
他的母亲还是会提醒他车不要开得太快。select选择；remind提
醒；insist坚持；expect期待；预料。
25. A. different B. extra
C. same D. right
解析： 根据语境可知，此处指如果作者80岁了而他的母亲还
活着，他会得到同样的警告。
26. A. success B. happiness
C. luck D. safety
解析： 孩子在离家很远的地方时，父母所担心的肯定是他
们的安全。根据下一段中的the old protective urge也可以推断
出答案。
27. A. argue B. think
C. forget D. complain
解析： 根据上文可知，当孩子不在父母身边时，父母对孩子
的安全问题无能为力，就尽力不去想这件事了。
28. A. comes back B. pays back
C. looks back D. goes back
解析： 此处表示但是当孩子离得近的时候，这种原先的保护
的冲动很快又出现了。come back重新出现。
29. A. prove B. mean C. matter D. mind
解析：C 根据语境可知，此处指无论他们走了多远或经历过什
么都没关系。matter在此处作动词，意为“有关系；重要”。
30. A. accidents B. failures
C. changes D. mistakes
解析： 根据上文作者的女儿去过很多地方探险，但作者还是
提醒她过马路时要小心可知，作者认为大多数事故就发生在身
边，而不是在雨林里。accident事故。
31. A. tolerate B. protect
C. devote D. treat
解析： 根据上文中的the old protective urge可知，此处指生物
保护幼小的本能。
32. A. stop B. compete
C. grow D. leave
解析： 在父母的思想里，孩子的年龄会增长，但是孩子并没
有长大。根据第七段最后一句可知，无论孩子多大，在父母眼里
都是没长大的孩子。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Nowadays， more and more parents pay great attention to their
children.However， we find 33 common that parents and children
lack communication.
More than one reason contributes 34 the problem.
To begin with， the reason why parents spend 35 （little） time
with their children is that the heavier social pressure often makes
children 36 （ignore） by them.The second， although parents want
to talk with their children， some of them don’t know much about the
skills in communication or the necessary knowledge of education， which
will have a big effect 37 communication.However， the most
important reason may be the 38 （tradition） ideas of authority （权
威） most parents have.Thus， when 39 （face） the children，
parents are not 40 （like） to communicate with them as friends.
To sum up， the solution concerning the problem 41 （be） to
diminish （缩小） the gap between parents and children.Therefore， in
order to make a better atmosphere 42 the children grow up， the
parents should ensure the stability （稳定） of the family and act as good
friends to the children.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了父母和孩子之间缺
乏沟通的原因和解决办法。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了父母和孩子之间缺
乏沟通的原因和解决办法。
33. it 考查代词。此处为“动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋that从句”结
构，that引导宾语从句，作find的真正宾语，设空处应用it作形式宾
语。故填it。
34. to 考查介词。contribute to是固定短语，意为“导致”。故填
to。
35. less 考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的heavier social pressure可
知，父母面对的社会压力更大了，因此和孩子们一起度过的时间更少
了，设空处含有比较的意思。故填less。
36. ignored 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为“make＋
宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，根据语境和空后的by them可知，children
和ignore之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故
填ignored。
37. on 考查介词。have a big effect on sth为固定用法，意为“对某事
物产生很大的影响”。故填on。
38. traditional 考查词形转换。 设空处修饰名词ideas，应用形容词，
故填traditional。
39. facing 考查省略句。when引导的时间状语从句中的主语和主句
的主语保持一致，且从句的谓语中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语
和be动词，此处parents和face之间为主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式。故
填facing。
40. likely 考查词形转换。be likely to do sth是固定用法，意为“可能
做某事”。故填likely。
41. is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处在
句中作谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示客观情况，应用一般现在时；
句子的主语为the solution， concerning the problem为后置定语修饰
solution，主语为单数概念，谓语应用单数形式。故填is。
42. where 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，
且先行词atmosphere表示抽象地点，因此设空处用关系副词where。故
填where。
谢谢观看！
