Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
维度一：基础题型练
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.I’ll never forget the village I spent my childhood.
2.He didn’t tell me the reason he was so excited.
3.This is the park in we had a picnic last Sunday.
4.Do you still remember the day we met on the train for the first time？
5.They all lent a helping hand to the man house had been burnt down.
6.There was a time women were looked down upon.
7.The reason he was late for work was that he was stuck in a traffic jam.
8.Do you still remember those days we spent in that poor wooden house？
9.Give me a reason is different from the one you gave last time.
10.This is the museum we visited during our class trip.
维度二：语法与写作
用定语从句完成下列句子。
1.I still remember the day .
我仍然记得第一次来学校的那一天。
2.The factory is a large one.
我工作的工厂是一个大工厂。
3.The reason was that he was ill in bed.
他没能去那里的原因是他卧病在床。
4.We are living in an age .
我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。
5.After graduation he returned to the small town .
毕业以后，他回到了他成长的那个小镇上。
6.The guide showed the tourists to the room .
导游带领游客们去参观了鲁迅工作过的那个房间。
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，根据括号内的汉语提示完成语篇。
Look！ The beautiful lady 1. （名字叫玛丽） teaches us English.She is the only one of the three teachers 2. （获得） the School Teacher of the Year Award.The boy beside her is our monitor 3. （他的父亲） designed the teaching building 4. （我们现在正在学习的）.Mary once told us the reason 5. （为什么我们要学好英语）.I’ll never forget 6. （她教我们的那些日子）.I think our dear teacher Mary， the beautiful school 7. （我将从这里毕业） and all the other beautiful things will stay in my mind forever！
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The measure of a good night’s sleep is usually based on two things — the amount of time spent sleeping and the quality of that sleep.But now researchers say there is a third thing that matters even more than the other two when it comes to keeping good sleep habits， and that is having a regular bedtime.
A study has found that going to sleep and waking up at the same time every day has an important effect on one’s health.Adults who stick to a regular bedtime tend to weigh less， have lower blood sugar and a reduced risk of heart disease.
The researchers studied the sleeping habits of 2，000 adults with an average age of 69.They found that people with greater irregularity （无规律的事物） in their sleep patterns tended to go to sleep later at night， feel sleepy and sleep more during the day， and experienced reduced light exposure.These people were also more likely to be stressed.Among the three kinds of sleep problems， sleep regularity was the most strongly associated with health.
Of course， there are many people for whom this may be impossible， such as night-shift workers or those with late-night duty.But for those who don’t have mandatory （强制的） reasons to stay up late， they should make an effort to go to bed at the same time every night.Skip the late afternoon coffee.Get off the phone.Try the sleep calculator to figure out the best bedtime.
As Matthew Walker， a scientist， wrote，“The shorter your sleep， the shorter your life.” Surely that’s reasonable enough to go to bed on time.
1.What can we infer from the research？
A.People feel more stressed when they grow older.
B.The old often have less sleep.
C.Adults enjoy sleeping late.
D.Regular bedtime does good to our health.
2.Which of the following influences health most？
A.Reduced light exposure.
B.Sleep regularity.
C.Sleeping during the day.
D.Sleeping late at night.
3.According to the author， what should those who don’t have to stay up late do？
A.Avoid the late-night duty.
B.Skip the late-night coffee.
C.Get off the phone while working.
D.Try to sleep at the same time each night.
4.What’s the best title for the text？
A.The Importance of Sleep
B.Ways to Have a Good Sleep
C.Regular Bedtime for Your Health
D.The Suitable Time for Sleep
B
In 1997 Warrick Dunn signed a contract （合同） worth millions to play professional football with the NFL’s Tampa Bay Buccaneers.His coach at the time， Tony Dungy， encouraged the newcomer to find a way to give back.
“I wanted to do something that was a little bit more impactful， not just handing out food，” he said.“I wanted to do something that had a real influence in the community.”
Dunn finally decided to focus on helping single parents buy their own places to live.To date， Warrick Dunn Charities has helped nearly 200 single parents buy and furnish （布置） their own homes.
Dunn said the idea was inspired （赋予灵感） by his late mother， Betty Smothers， a single mom of six who worked as a police officer.“She went out of her way even when she didn’t have a lot to help other people，” Dunn explained.On 7 January 1993， she died when she was at work.“She lost her life， and she was never able to realize her dream of owning a home，” said Dunn.
Dunn started with a program called Homes for the Holidays.It focused on simply getting people into homes.“$5，000 down payment and we fully furnish their homes with food， furniture， garden tools， TVs， computers all the way down to the toothbrush，” Dunn said.“We wanted to give people the chance to break their cycle of poverty （贫穷循环）.”
Today， Warrick Dunn Charities has expanded from Homes for the Holidays to include three more programs：Count on Your Future， Sculpt， and the Hearts for Community Service scholarships.Together Dunn said the programs can change communities by fighting poverty and hunger and improving families’ quality of life.
“It gave me a base to think and be able to be in a place to map out the next steps，” said Kia Savage-Lewis， who took part in the 2005 Homes for the Holidays.“Up until that point， survival was my thinking process.” Now Savage-Lewis has completed her education and runs her own small business.
5.What does the underlined word “impactful” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
A.Influential. B.Interesting.
C.Inexpensive. D.International.
6.Why is Smothers mentioned in Paragraph 4？
A.To describe the risk of police work.
B.To introduce difficulties in raising kids alone.
C.To explain the beginning of Warrick Dunn Charities.
D.To show the efforts people made to help a single mother.
7.How does Savage-Lewis feel about Homes for the Holidays？
A.It is life-changing. B.It is technology-based.
C.It is specially designed. D.It is widely recognized.
8.What is the text mainly about？
A.A good way to get out of poverty.
B.A footballer giving back to communities.
C.A program focusing on improving life quality.
D.A new charity to help solve the housing problem.
C
Most of us want to get into shape and be healthy.For many of us nutrition and watching what we eat is an important way to stay healthy.But when it comes to food， what is calorie counting， and what are the positives and negatives of it？
A law in the UK came into force in April 2022 that requires restaurants， takeaways， and cafes to display the calorie information of nonpre-packed food and soft drinks on their menus.It’s a strategy aiming to deal with obesity and give people a more informed choice of what goes down into their stomachs.Being able to count calories and know how much we can eat is a great way to try and stay on track with our diet.
However， there are some disbelievers when it comes to calorie counting.200 calories of fresh fruit and 200 calories of junk food， for example cookies， have the same calorific value.However， there is a question of the health benefits of what you’re eating， regardless of calories.While fresh fruit like apples contains things like vitamin C， junk food could contain an unhealthy level of sugar and fats.Likewise （同样地）， fruit may fill you up and leave you not wanting more food for longer than a biscuit with equal calories — meaning， overall， you eat less.
Simply counting calories， while useful for weight loss， doesn’t take into account your in take of good fats， carbohydrates， and proteins — things that your body needs.So， if you’re trying to stick to a low-carbon diet， just looking at numbers of calories on a menu won’t be that useful.So， always be mindful that what you’re eating is part of a healthy balanced diet.
9.What’s the aim of the newly-passed law in the UK？
A.To ensure food security.
B.To direct the food industry.
C.To help reduce obesity.
D.To get tough with the businessmen.
10.What opinion do disbelievers hold？
A.Calorie alone doesn’t contribute to health.
B.Junk food has more calories than fresh fruit.
C.Less calories mean less food in your stomach.
D.Sugar and fats are more harmful than calories.
11.What’s the text mainly about？
A.The best way to keep in shape.
B.A research result of obesity in the UK.
C.Nutrition and its health benefits.
D.Opinions and comments on calorie counting.
12.From which section of a magazine is this text most likely taken？
A.Entertainment. B.Lifestyle.
C.Finance. D.Education.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
You’ve finally climbed the ladder and earned your first management role.Now what？Welcome to a new world with a new set of challenges.Chances are you were a top individual performer and that’s why you were promoted to a management position.Ironically （讽刺地）， those skills aren’t going to be of much use to you now. 13 .
It’s all about your team.
Welcome to a world where your success is no longer dependent on your individual performance. 14 .You probably didn’t worry too much if a colleague was struggling.Sure， you helped them out where you could but ultimately you had your own work to focus on.Now that struggler is pulling down your team’s performance.Moving them up the performance curve is a key priority.
Communication is key.
Your team members aren’t mind readers or robots.As a leader， you need to communicate with your team clearly and effectively. 15 .If your team doesn’t know what you want from them， how can you expect them to deliver （履行职责）？Learn to make the goal clear.This is more difficult than it sounds.You aren’t leading a team of robots. 16 .A few well-placed words of encouragement or a well-timed check can make a huge difference to an employee having a tough time.Similarly， a small piece of public praise for a high-performing employee can remind the rest of the team that you do notice when they work hard and perform well.
Leadership isn’t something you’ve mastered. 17 — that’s the joy and frustration of leadership.
A.Your behaviour will have a big impact on employees’ motivation
B.Let’s take a quick look at a couple of the most important skills
C.Setting clear goals and expectations is a key part of leadership
D.Showing genuine relationships will ultimately lead to complete success
E.You will only succeed by ensuring that every member of your team is succeeding
F.You’ll have worked hard for your promotion and have rich experience in your chosen field
G.All leaders， no matter how skilful or experienced， are always working on improving their skills
13. 14. 15.
16. 17.
Ⅲ.完形填空
When I was a young Dad， my family was struggling just to get by.I was getting a few days’ work here and there as a substitute （代课的） teacher.I was teaching every 18 and every grade.Then near the end of the school year I got 19 at the last second to teach at a local grade school.
I got there late 20 the summer to come and the 21 of work it would bring.The class I got had a bad case of summer break 22 too.There was no surprising that they were 23 ， bouncing off their seats and talking excitedly.
Finally， it was time for a short 24 and I was as happy as they were to get outside the 25 classroom.I watched them play and hoped it would 26 them out so the afternoon wouldn’t be as 27 as the morning had been on me.A little girl ran up to me.She had a handful of freshly 28 wild flowers.“This is for you， Mr Mazzella.” she said.In that second I felt a 29 I hadn’t felt all day.I smiled and thanked her as she skipped 30 away.
Every single thing we do is a part of our purpose here and our mission.It is a lifelong 31 too， so stop worrying about your mission and your purpose.You are 32 them each and every day.
18.A.day B.subject
C.school D.time
19.A.called in B.turned down
C.picked up D.watched out
20.A.waiting for B.dreaming of
C.worrying about D.concentrating on
21.A.lack B.reward
C.change D.influence
22.A.boredom B.arrangement
C.depression D.fever
23.A.curious B.noisy
C.calm D.active
24.A.lunch B.break
C.lesson D.game
25.A.quiet B.big
C.hot D.dirty
26.A.wear B.knock
C.keep D.leave
27.A.long B.quick
C.dull D.tough
28.A.planted B.picked
C.pressed D.decorated
29.A.surprise B.regret
C.joy D.praise
30.A.happily B.carefully
C.hesitantly D.anxiously
31.A.idea B.challenge
C.adventure D.process
32.A.discussing B.living
C.considering D.offering
Ⅳ.语法填空
As a wildlife 33 （photograph）， Tobias Baumgaertner has taken many 34 （amaze） photos.But very few photos reach a lot of people 35 touch their hearts like the two penguins （企鹅） that are displaying the beauty of love.
In 2019， Tobias spent three nights with a colony of fairy penguins in St Kilda Pier in Melbourne， Australia.During that time， he 36 （notice） a pair standing out from the group.One penguin had its wing gently resting over the other in what appeared to be a loving embrace （拥抱）.
Tobias didn’t know that loss connected the two.“A volunteer told me that the white on was an elderly lady who had lost her partner， and so had 37 younger male to the left，” he explained.“Since then they often meet， comforting each other and standing together 38 hours watching the dancing lights of the nearby city.”
Moved， Tobias set out to record their heart-warming moments.It took days， but he left with two perfect photos — and two 39 （example） of how love can heal.Tobias shared the photos on Instagram， 40 （write），“During hard times the truly lucky ones are those that can be with the people they love most.”
His photos became 41 （extreme） popular， touching thousands.As one person put it，“It’s the 42 （cute）， most heart-warming thing I’ve ever seen.”
33. 34. 35.
36. 37. 38.
39. 40. 41.
42.
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
基础知识自测
维度一
1.where 2.why 3.which 4.when 5.whose 6.when 7.why 8.which/that 9.which/that 10.that/which
维度二
1.on which/when I first came to school
2.in which/where I work
3.why/for which he could not go there
4.when/in which many things can be done on computers
5.where/in which he grew up
6.where/in which Lu Xun had worked
维度三
1.whose name is Mary 2.who won 3.whose father
4.where/in which we are studying now 5.why/for which we should learn English well 6.the days when/on which she taught us 7.where/from which I will graduate
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，除了睡眠时间和睡眠质量外，规律的就寝时间对于人的健康起着很重要的作用。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可推断，规律的就寝时间对我们的健康有很大好处。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，在三种睡眠问题中，睡眠规律与健康的关系最为密切。由此可知，睡眠规律对健康影响最大。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的But for those who don’t have mandatory （强制的） reasons to stay up late， they should make an effort to go to bed at the same time every night.可知，那些不必熬夜的人应该每晚尽量在同一时间睡觉。
4.C 标题归纳题。文章第一、二句点明主旨，接下来介绍了规律的就寝时间对于养成良好睡眠习惯的重要性以及给人们的健康带来的好处。因此C项（规律的就寝时间有益于你的健康）为本文最佳标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。一名职业橄榄球运动员创立慈善机构，资助单亲父母购买和装修房子。
5.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后Dunn所说的not just handing out food和I wanted to do something that had a real influence in the community.可知，Dunn想做一些更有影响力的事情，而不仅仅是分发食物这样的小事。
6.C 推理判断题。根据语境可知，第四段第一句中的the idea指代Dunn创办Warrick Dunn Charities这一想法；结合本段中的Dunn said the idea was inspired （赋予灵感） by his late mother， Betty Smothers，以及下文中具体介绍她如何给予Dunn灵感可知，提及Smothers是为了解释Dunn成立Warrick Dunn Charities的初衷。
7.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Savage-Lewis所说的话可知，Homes for the Holidays项目让她拥有了自己的房子，为她提供了思考和制定下一步计划的基础；而在参加该项目之前，她一直以来想的都是如何生存。由此可推知，Savage-Lewis认为该项目改变了她的人生。
8.B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了职业橄榄球运动员Warrick Dunn创立慈善机构，资助单亲父母购买和装修房子的故事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了考虑到健康问题，我们是否应该计算卡路里。
9.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的It’s a strategy aimed to deal with obesity可知，英国新通过的这项法律的目的是帮助减少肥胖。
10.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的there is a question of the health benefits of what you’re eating， regardless of calories可知，质疑者认为热量本身对健康没有意义，食物的营养更重要。
11.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是计算卡路里的意义和局限性，介绍了针对计算卡路里的不同观点。
12.B 文章出处题。文章主要介绍了考虑到健康问题，我们是否应该计算卡路里，这与健康生活有关，所以文章最有可能是从杂志的“生活方式”版块选取的。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个好的团队领导需要学会的技能。
13.B 上文说到被提升到管理职位之后，你之前拥有的技能现在用处不大，所以设空处应介绍有用处的技能，B项（让我们快速了解一些最重要的技能）承接上文，符合语境。
14.E 上文说明成功不再取决于你个人的表现，E项（只有确保团队中的每个成员都成功，你才能成功）承接上文，说明成功与团队中的每个成员都有关，符合语境。
15.C 上文说明你要与团队进行清晰有效的沟通，下文指出你要明确告知团队你的目标和期望，C项（设定明确的目标和期望是领导力的关键部分）承上启下，符合语境。
16.A 下文说明你的言语和做法会如何对员工产生影响，是具体的例子，A项（你的行为会对员工的积极性产生很大的影响）引出下文，符合语境。
17.G 上文说明领导力不是你已经掌握的东西，所以你总是需要提升自己的技能，G项（所有的领导者，无论多么熟练或经验丰富，都一直在努力提高自己的技能）承接上文，符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在当地一所小学教书的经历和感悟。
18.B 根据上文a young Dad， my family was struggling just to get by和下文every grade可知，当时作者的家庭比较拮据，为了挣钱，当老师的时候，教哪一门学科和哪一个年级都行。
19.A 根据上下文got 19 ... to teach at a local grade school可知，作者被叫到当地一所小学教书。call in召来；turn down拒绝；pick up捡起；watch out小心。
20.C 根据空后的the summer to come and the 21 of work it would bring可知，作者担心即将到来的夏天，学生们会放假而自己就会没有工作。wait for等待；dream of做梦；worry about担心；concentrate on专注于。
21.A 参见上题解析。lack缺乏；reward奖励；change变化；influence影响。
22.D 此处与前面提到的the summer to come和summer break呼应，因为要放暑假了，学生们都非常地兴奋。fever在这里强调激动兴奋的样子。boredom无聊；arrangement安排；depression忧郁；fever激动不安，兴奋紧张。
23.B 此处与前面的summer break和后面的bouncing off their seats and talking excitedly呼应，因为要放假了，学生们吵闹也就不足为奇了。curious好奇的；noisy吵闹的；calm冷静的；active积极的。
24.B 根据下文as they were to get outside可知，学生们要出去玩，说明这时应该是下课了，是休息时间。lunch午餐；break休息；lesson课；game游戏。
25.C 上文已经提到了summer，因此教室应该是炎热的。quiet安静的；big大的；hot热的；dirty肮脏的。
26.A 根据上文I watched them play和下文so the afternoon wouldn’t be as 27 as the morning had been on me可知，作者看着他们玩耍，希望能让他们筋疲力尽，这样下午上课就不会像早上那样艰难了。wear sb out使某人筋疲力尽。knock敲门；keep保持；leave离开。
27.D 此处与上文的bouncing off their seats and talking excitedly呼应，作者上课的时候，因为学生们要放假了，都很兴奋不老实，所以上课很艰难。long长的；quick快的；dull沉闷的； tough艰难的。
28.B 根据空前的a handful of freshly和空后的wild flowers可知，是一把刚采摘的野花。plant种植；pick挑选；press压制；decorate装饰。
29.C 根据下文的I smiled and thanked her可知，在那一秒钟，作者感到了一种喜悦。surprise惊喜；regret后悔；joy喜悦；praise称赞。
30.A 此处与上文的smiled和thanked呼应，作者微笑着感谢她，她高兴地跳着走了。happily高兴地；carefully仔细地；hesitantly犹豫不决地；anxiously焦急地。
31.D 根据上文Every single thing ... our mission.可知，我们所做的每一件事都是我们在这里的目标和使命的一部分。这也是一个终生的过程。idea想法；challenge挑战；adventure冒险；process过程。
32.B 此处与上文so stop worrying about your mission and your purpose呼应，指不要担心你的使命和目的。你每天都在践行（你的使命和目的）。discuss讨论；live （以某种方式）生活；实践；consider考虑；offer提供。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位摄影师抓拍到两只各自失去伴侣的企鹅互相安慰对方的温暖时刻。
33.photographer 考查词形转换。设空处被冠词a限定，且指出了Tobias Baumgaertner的身份是摄影师，应该用表示单数意义的名词，故填photographer。
34.amazing 考查词形转换。设空处作定语修饰photos，且表示“令人惊奇的”，故填amazing。
35.and 考查连词。本句中的reach a lot of people与touch their hearts之间为并列关系，两个动作先后发生，故填and。reach被……看到（或听到）。
36.noticed 考查动词的时态。根据本段中的时间状语In 2019和During that time可知，设空处表示发生在过去某个时间的动作，应该用一般过去时，故填noticed。
37.the 考查冠词。此处特指两只企鹅中年龄较小的那只，故填the。
38.for 考查介词。设空处后接hours，表示一段时间，故填for。
39.examples 考查名词复数。设空处与photos为并列关系，因为其前有数词two，应该用表示复数意义的名词，故填examples。
40.writing 考查非谓语动词。设空处作状语，句子的主语Tobias与write之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填writing。
41.extremely 考查词形转换。设空处作状语修饰popular，应该用副词，故填extremely。
42.cutest 考查形容词的最高级。设空处与most heart-warming为并列关系，二者均表示最高级意义，故填cutest。
7 / 7Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
阅读下列句子并分析加黑部分的用法。
1.Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest？
2.One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.
3.They are still growing， and night is the time when their bodies grow faster.
4.Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down， and their health suffers.
5.It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no reason why they should be worried.
6.In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful， teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly.
【我的发现】
（1）句 是关系副词when引导的定语从句，when指代 。
（2）句 是关系副词where引导的定语从句，where指代 。
（3）句 是关系副词why引导的定语从句，why指代 。
（4）关系副词有时可用“ ”替换。
一、定语从句中关系副词的用法
当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when、 where、 why。
关系副词 先行词 含义
when 表示时间的名词 “在……时候”，相当于“介词＋which”
where 表示地点的名词：抽象地点和具体地点 “（在）……地方”，相当于“介词＋which”
why reason等表示原因的先行词 “为什么”，相当于“for which”
1.when的用法
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time、 day、 week、 month、 year等，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。此时when＝in/at/on/during/...＋which，具体用哪个介词要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
I’ll never forget the day when （＝on which） I left for college with my father.
我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。
The time when （＝during which） I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
第一次见纳尔逊·曼德拉期间，是我一生中非常困难的时期。
We have entered into an age when （＝in which） dreams have the best chance of coming true.
我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。
【即时演练1】 选词填空（when， that， which）
①She has forgotten the exact date her grandson was born.
②She still remembered the days we spent together.
③I like to look back on my high school days， were the happiest in my life.
④At the age other people retire， Francis began the greatest cause in his life.
2.where的用法
关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点的名词，如place、 factory、 house、 village等或抽象地点的名词point、 situation、 condition、 stage和case等。关系副词在从句中作地点状语。此时where＝in/at/on ...＋which。具体用哪个介词要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
They are playing in the park where （＝in which） there are many flowers.
他们正在有很多花的公园里玩耍。
Their child is at the stage where （＝ at which） she can say individual words but not full sentences.
他们的孩子正处于能说单个字而不会说整个句子的阶段。
名师点津
若表示地点的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，应用which或what来引导该定语从句。
This is the pen which/that was bought by my grandfather a few days ago.
这是我爷爷几天前买的钢笔。（定语从句中缺少主语，所以用which/that，不用where）
The school （which/that） we visited yesterday is newly built.
我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。（关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语）
【即时演练2】 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
①You have reached the point a change is needed.
②This is the house was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
③You would get into a position you have to decide immediately.
④The accident has reached to the point both their parents are to be called in.
3.why的用法
关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系副词在从句中作原因状语。此时why可以替换为for which。
This is the reason why （＝for which） he left in a hurry.
这就是他匆匆离去的原因。
Please explain to me the reason why （＝for which） you were late this time.
请给我解释一下你这次迟到的原因。
名师点津
若先行词reason在从句中作主语或宾语，应用that或which来引导该定语从句。
I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我不会听你给我们的理由。（关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语）
【即时演练3】 （1）用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
①He can always find some reasons he gives up trying.
②Is that the reason for you decided to learn the piano？
③I know the reason he explained at the meeting.
④The reason you failed， I think， was that you had not followed your mother’s advice.
（2）用适当的关系副词替换下列句中的加黑部分
⑤The rain came at a time at which it was not needed.
⑥This is the computer by/on which he has stolen top secret documents.
⑦Here is the place at which the murder took place.
⑧He didn’t give any reason for which I had been fired.
二、关系代词和关系副词的判定
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词或关系副词引导。
（1）若先行词在定语从句中作状语时，则应用关系副词。
（2）若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，则应用关系代词。
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night？
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm？
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that或which在从句中作spent的宾语）
【即时演练4】 用适当的关系词填空
①The night we took a stroll in the park was so cold.
②We visited the factory produces radios 20 years ago.
③This is the place I saw him last time.
④The reason he was late was that his car broke down on his way to school.
⑤This is the reason he explained to you for his absence.
contribute vi.& vt.是……的原因之一；捐赠，捐献；增加，添加，撰稿
【教材原句】 Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems.大城市的噪声污染和光污染也可能导致睡眠问题。
【用法】
（1）contribute ...to ...
把……捐献给……；向……投稿
contribute to
促成，造成；捐赠；给……捐献（尤指金钱或物品），捐助；有助于；导致；投稿
（2）contribution n. 贡献；捐助
make a contribution/contributions to
对……做出贡献
【佳句】 Many people contributed money to the Hope Project， which contributed to many children’s returning to school.
许多人给希望工程捐钱，这有助于许多孩子重返校园。
【用准】 （1）表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词汇还有cause、 lead to、 result in、 bring about等。
（2）contribute to和make a contribution/contributions to中的to都是介词。
【练透】 语境辨义/完成句子
①If you want to contribute to our newspaper， please send me your article before the deadline.
②Many people are willing to the people in trouble.
许多人愿意为困境中的人捐献一些钱。
③I hope my suggestions will .
我希望我的建议将有助于解决这个问题。
【写美】 词汇升级
④The construction of this highway will contribute to the development of this area.
→The construction of this highway will the development of this area.
in the short/long term 从短期/长期看
【教材原句】 In the short term， people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating.从短期看，有睡眠问题的人往往会感到疲倦，注意力难以集中。
【用法】
（1）term n. 学期；时期；期限；术语
in the spring/summer/autumn term 在春季/夏季/秋季学期
in the short/long run 从短期/长远来看
（2）terms n. 条件；条款；表达方式
in terms of ... 在……方面；就……而言
（3）be on good/bad terms with sb
与某人关系好/不好
【佳句】 Learning is not always easy， but it is always beneficial in the long term.学习并不总是那么简单，但从长远来看它总是有益的。
In terms of difficulties you are worried about， I have already found some solutions.
对于你所担心的困难，我已经找到了一些解决方法。
【练透】 完成句子
①In fact， things could get worse .
事实上，事情在短期内可能会变得更加糟糕。
② ， that might not matter. ， it surely will.
短期内，这可能无关紧要。从长远来看，这肯定是重要的。
【写美】 翻译句子
③随后，来自不同俱乐部的教职员工和学生将在唱歌、跳舞等方面进行表演。
amount n.数量vt.& vi.合计；总计
【教材原句】 Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep （that/which） we get is important to us.每个人都知道，我们获得的高质量睡眠的量对我们很重要。
【用法】
（1）a large/small amount of 大量的/少量的
large amounts of 大量的
（2）amount to 合计；等于
【佳句】 In order to keep healthy， it is necessary to take a proper amount of exercise regularly.为了保持健康，有规律地做适量的运动是必要的。
【用准】 a large amount of＋不可数名词＋谓语动词单数形式；large amounts of＋不可数名词＋谓语动词复数形式。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Huge amounts of information （update） in the past minutes.
②Their annual income amounted 90，000 yuan last year.
【写美】 同义句转换
③Large amounts of money were spent on building the bridge.
→A large amount of money on building the bridge.
schedule n.日程安排，工作计划；时间表 vt.为……安排时间
【教材原句】 Try to stick to your sleep schedule at the weekend too ...
尽量周末也要坚持你的睡眠时间表……
【用法】
（1）on schedule 准时；按时间表
ahead of schedule＝ahead of time 提前
a busy schedule 忙碌的日程安排
according to schedule 根据工作计划
（2）be scheduled for 预定；安排
be scheduled to do 预定做……
as scheduled 如期；按照预定时间
【佳句】 One can always manage to do more things， no matter how full one’s schedule is in life.
无论一个人生活中的日程安排有多满，他总能设法做更多的事情。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We should work extra hours to complete it schedule or even ahead schedule.
②The English speech contest is scheduled next Friday afternoon.
③She （schedule） to give a speech tonight， hoping all of us will attend it.
【写美】 同义句转换
④According to our plan， English Talent Show will be held this Friday.
→ ， English Talent Show will be held this Friday.（schedule）
in addition 此外
【教材原句】 In addition， Miss Edwards says the surgery makes her look unnatural and that she is unable to make certain facial expressions.
此外，爱德华兹小姐说，手术使她看起来不自然，而且她无法做出某些面部表情。
【用法】
（1）in addition to＝besides/apart from 除……之外（还）……
in addition＝besides/furthermore/what’s more 此外，而且
（2）addition n. 增加，添加；加法
additional adj. 额外的，附加的
【佳句】 In addition to English， he has to study a second foreign language.
除英语之外，他还得学习第二门外语。
The government provided an additional 25 million to expand the service.
政府另拨2500万美元用于拓展该服务项目。
【练通】 单句语法填空
①I think playing computer games is a waste of time. addition， it is bad for your health.
②Extra warmth from sunlight can put an （addition） load on the air-conditioning system.
【写美】 词汇升级
③Besides my studies， I got involved in lots of physical activities.
→ my studies， I got involved in lots of physical activities.
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）1、3 时间 （2）4、6 地点 （3）2、5 原因
（4）介词＋关系代词
即时演练1
①when ②（that/which） ③which ④when
即时演练2
①where ②which/that ③where ④where
即时演练3
（1）①why ②which ③that/which ④why
（2）⑤when ⑥where ⑦where ⑧why
即时演练4
①when ②that/which ③where ④why ⑤that/which
【核心知识·巧突破】
1.①投稿 ②contribute some money to ③contribute to solving the problem ④make a contribution to
2.①in the short term/run ②In the short term/run； In the long term/run ③Following this， teaching staff and students from different clubs will give performances in terms of singing， dancing and so on.
3.①have been updated ②to ③was spent
4.①on； of ②for ③is scheduled ④As scheduled
5.①In ②additional ③In addition to/Apart from
6 / 7(共111张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Grammar and usage
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
3
课时检测·提能力
2
核心知识·巧突破
1
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
阅读下列句子并分析加黑部分的用法。
1. Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from
getting a good night’s rest？
2. One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is
pressure from school or work.
3. They are still growing， and night is the time when their bodies grow
faster.
4. Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where
body development slows down， and their health suffers.
5. It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no
reason why they should be worried.
6. In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful，
teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly.
【我的发现】
（1）句 是关系副词when引导的定语从句，when指代
。
（2）句 是关系副词where引导的定语从句，where指代
。
（3）句 是关系副词why引导的定语从句，why指代
。
（4）关系副词有时可用“ ”替换。
1、3
时
间
4、6
地
点
2、5
原
因
介词＋关系代词
一、定语从句中关系副词的用法
当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从
句。常用的关系副词有when、 where、 why。
关系
副词 先行词 含义
when 表示时间的名词 “在……时候”，相当于“介词＋
which”
where 表示地点的名词：抽象地点和具体地点 “（在）……地方”，相当于“介
词＋which”
why reason等表示原因的先行项 “为什么”，相当于“for which”
1. when的用法
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time、
day、 week、 month、 year等，关系副词when在从句中作时间状
语。此时when＝in/at/on/during/...＋which，具体用哪个介词要根
据先行词的搭配来确定。
I’ll never forget the day when （＝on which） I left for college with
my father.
我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。
The time when （＝during which） I first met Nelson Mandela was a
very difficult period of my life.
第一次见纳尔逊·曼德拉期间，是我一生中非常困难的时期。
We have entered into an age when （＝in which） dreams have the
best chance of coming true.
我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。
【即时演练1】 选词填空（when， that， which）
①She has forgotten the exact date her grandson was born.
②She still remembered the days we spent together.
③I like to look back on my high school days， were the
happiest in my life.
④At the age other people retire， Francis began the greatest
cause in his life.
when
（that/which）
which
when
2. where的用法
关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点的名词，如
place、 factory、 house、 village等或抽象地点的名词point、
situation、 condition、 stage和case等。关系副词在从句中作地点状
语。此时where＝in/at/on ...＋which。具体用哪个介词要根据先行
词的搭配来确定。
They are playing in the park where （＝in which） there are many
flowers.
他们正在有很多花的公园里玩耍。
Their child is at the stage where （＝ at which） she can say individual
words but not full sentences.
他们的孩子正处于能说单个字而不会说整个句子的阶段。
名师点津
若表示地点的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，应用which或what来
引导该定语从句。
This is the pen which/that was bought by my grandfather a few days.
这是我爷爷几天前买的钢笔。（定语从句中缺少主语，所以用
which/that，不用where）
The school （which/that） we visited yesterday is newly built.
我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。（关系代词which/that在从句中作
宾语）
【即时演练2】 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
①You have reached the point a change is needed.
②This is the house was built by my grandfather forty
years ago.
③You would get into a position you have to decide
immediately.
④The accident has reached to the point both their parents are
to be called in.
where
which/that
where
where
3. why的用法
关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系副词在
从句中作原因状语。此时why可以替换为for which。
This is the reason why （＝for which） he left in a hurry.
这就是他匆匆离去的原因。
Please explain to me the reason why （＝for which） you were late
this time.
请给我解释一下你这次迟到的原因。
名师点津
若先行词reason在从句中作主语或宾语，应用that或which来引导该定
语从句。
I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我不会听你给我们的理由。（关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语）
【即时演练3】 （1）用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
①He can always find some reasons he gives up trying.
②Is that the reason for you decided to learn the piano？
③I know the reason he explained at the meeting.
④The reason you failed， I think， was that you had not
followed your mother’s advice.
why
which
that/which
why
（2）用适当的关系副词替换下列句中的加黑部分
⑤The rain came at a time at which it was not needed.
⑥This is the computer by/on which he has stolen top secret
documents.
⑦Here is the place at which the murder took place.
⑧He didn’t give any reason for which I had been fired.
when
where
where
why
二、关系代词和关系副词的判定
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词或
关系副词引导。
（1）若先行词在定语从句中作状语时，则应用关系副词。
（2）若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，则应用关系代词。
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all
night？
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状
语）
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the
farm？
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that或which在
从句中作spent的宾语）
【即时演练4】 用适当的关系词填空
①The night we took a stroll in the park was so cold.
②We visited the factory produces radios 20 years ago.
③This is the place I saw him last time.
④The reason he was late was that his car broke down on his way
to school.
⑤This is the reason he explained to you for his absence.
when
that/which
where
why
that/which
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
2
contribute vi.& vt.是……的原因之一；捐赠，捐献；增加，添加，
撰稿
【教材原句】 Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also
contribute to sleep problems.
大城市的噪声污染和光污染也可能导致睡眠问题。
（1）contribute ...to ... 把……捐献给……；向……投稿
contribute to 促成，造成；捐赠；给……捐献（尤指金钱或物
品），捐助；有助于；导致；投稿
（2）contribution n. 贡献；捐助
make a contribution/contributions to 对……做出贡献
【用法】
【佳句】 Many people contributed money to the Hope Project， which
contributed to many children’s returning to school.
许多人给希望工程捐钱，这有助于许多孩子重返校园。
【用准】 （1）表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词汇还有cause、
lead to、 result in、 bring about等。
（2）contribute to和make a contribution/contributions to中的to都
是介词。
【练透】 语境辨义/完成句子
①If you want to contribute to our newspaper， please send me your
article before the deadline.
②Many people are willing to the people in
trouble.
许多人愿意为困境中的人捐献一些钱。
③I hope my suggestions will .
我希望我的建议将有助于解决这个问题。
投稿
contribute some money to
contribute to solving the problem
【写美】 词汇升级
④The construction of this highway will contribute to the development of
this area.
→The construction of this highway will the
development of this area.
make a contribution to
in the short/long term 从短期/长期看
【教材原句】 In the short term， people with sleep problems often
feel tired and have trouble concentrating.
从短期看，有睡眠问题的人往往会感到疲倦，注意力难以集中。
（1）term n. 学期；时期；期限；术语
in the spring/summer/autumn term 在春季/夏季/秋季学期
in the short/long run 从短期/长远来看
（2）terms n. 条件；条款；表达方式
in terms of ... 在……方面；就……而言
（3）be on good/bad terms with sb 与某人关系好/不好
【用法】
【佳句】 Learning is not always easy， but it is always beneficial in the
long term.
学习并不总是那么简单，但从长远来看它总是有益的。
In terms of difficulties you are worried about， I have already found some
solutions.
对于你所担心的困难，我已经找到了一些解决方法。
【练透】 完成句子
①In fact， things could get worse .
事实上，事情在短期内可能会变得更加糟糕。
in the short term/run
② ， that might not matter.
， it surely will.
短期内，这可能无关紧要。从长远来看，这肯定是重要的。
In the short term/run
In the long
term/run
【写美】 翻译句子
③随后，来自不同俱乐部的教职员工和学生将在唱歌、跳舞等方面进
行表演。
Following this， teaching staff and students from different clubs will
give performances in terms of singing， dancing and so on.
amount n.数量vt.& vi.合计；总计
【教材原句】 Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep
（that/which） we get is important to us.
每个人都知道，我们获得的高质量睡眠的量对我们很重要。
【用法】
（1）a large/small amount of 大量的/少量的
large amounts of 大量的
（2）amount to 合计；等于
【佳句】 In order to keep healthy， it is necessary to take a proper
amount of exercise regularly.
为了保持健康，有规律地做适量的运动是必要的。
【用准】 a large amount of＋不可数名词＋谓语动词单数形式；large
amounts of＋不可数名词＋谓语动词复数形式。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Huge amounts of information （update） in the
past minutes.
②Their annual income amounted 90，000 yuan last year.
【写美】 同义句转换
③Large amounts of money were spent on building the bridge.
→A large amount of money on building the bridge.
have been updated
to
was spent
schedule n.日程安排，工作计划；时间表 vt.为……安排时间
【教材原句】 Try to stick to your sleep schedule at the weekend
too ...
尽量周末也要坚持你的睡眠时间表……
（1）on schedule 准时；按时间表
ahead of schedule＝ahead of time 提前
a busy schedule 忙碌的日程安排
according to schedule 根据工作计划
（2）be scheduled for 预定；安排
be scheduled to do 预定做……
as scheduled 如期；按照预定时间
【用法】
【佳句】 One can always manage to do more things， no matter how
full one’s schedule is in life.
无论一个人生活中的日程安排有多满，他总能设法做更多的事情。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We should work extra hours to complete it schedule or even
ahead schedule.
②The English speech contest is scheduled next Friday afternoon.
③She （schedule） to give a speech tonight， hoping
all of us will attend it.
on
of
for
is scheduled
【写美】 同义句转换
④According to our plan， English Talent Show will be held this Friday.
→ ， English Talent Show will be held this Friday.
（schedule）
As scheduled
in addition 此外
【教材原句】 In addition， Miss Edwards says the surgery makes her
look unnatural and that she is unable to make certain facial expressions.此
外，爱德华兹小姐说，手术使她看起来不自然，而且她无法做出某些
面部表情。
（1）in addition to＝besides/apart from 除……之外（还）……
in addition＝besides/furthermore/what’s more 此外，而且
（2）addition n. 增加，添加；加法
additional adj. 额外的，附加的
【用法】
【佳句】 In addition to English， he has to study a second foreign
language.
除英语之外，他还得学习第二门外语。
The government provided an additional 25 million to expand the
service.
政府另拨2500万美元用于拓展该服务项目。
【练通】 单句语法填空
①I think playing computer games is a waste of time. addition， it
is bad for your health.
In
②Extra warmth from sunlight can put an （addition） load
on the air-conditioning system.
【写美】 词汇升级
③Besides my studies， I got involved in lots of physical activities.
→ my studies， I got involved in lots of
physical activities.
additional
In addition to/Apart from
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1. I’ll never forget the village I spent my childhood.
2. He didn’t tell me the reason he was so excited.
3. This is the park in we had a picnic last Sunday.
4. Do you still remember the day we met on the train for the
first time？
where
why
which
when
5. They all lent a helping hand to the man house had been
burnt down.
6. There was a time women were looked down upon.
7. The reason he was late for work was that he was stuck in a
traffic jam.
8. Do you still remember those days we spent in that poor
wooden house？
9. Give me a reason is different from the one you gave last
time.
10. This is the museum we visited during our class trip.
whose
when
why
which/that
which/that
that/which
维度二：语法与写作
用定语从句完成下列句子。
1. I still remember the day .
我仍然记得第一次来学校的那一天。
2. The factory is a large one.
我工作的工厂是一个大工厂。
3. The reason was that he was ill
in bed.
他没能去那里的原因是他卧病在床。
on which/when I first came to school
in which/where I work
why/for which he could not go there
4. We are living in an age
.
我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。
5. After graduation he returned to the small town
.
毕业以后，他回到了他成长的那个小镇上。
6. The guide showed the tourists to the room
.
导游带领游客们去参观了鲁迅工作过的那个房间。
when/in which many things can be done on
computers
where/in which he
grew up
where/in which Lu Xun
had worked
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，根据括号内的汉语提示完成语篇。
Look！ The beautiful lady 1. （名字叫玛
丽） teaches us English.She is the only one of the three teachers 2.
（获得） the School Teacher of the Year Award.The boy beside
her is our monitor 3. （他的父亲） designed the
teaching building 4. （我们现在
正在学习的）.Mary once told us the reason 5.
whose name is Mary
who
won
whose father
where/in which we are studying now
（为什么我们要学好英
语）.I’ll never forget 6. （她
教我们的那些日子）.I think our dear teacher Mary， the beautiful
school 7. （我将从这里毕业） and
all the other beautiful things will stay in my mind forever！
why/for which we should learn English well
the days when/on which she taught us
where/from which I will graduate
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The measure of a good night’s sleep is usually based on two
things — the amount of time spent sleeping and the quality of that
sleep.But now researchers say there is a third thing that matters even more
than the other two when it comes to keeping good sleep habits， and that
is having a regular bedtime.
A study has found that going to sleep and waking up at the same time
every day has an important effect on one’s health.Adults who stick to a
regular bedtime tend to weigh less， have lower blood sugar and a reduced
risk of heart disease.
The researchers studied the sleeping habits of 2，000 adults with an
average age of 69.They found that people with greater irregularity （无规
律的事物） in their sleep patterns tended to go to sleep later at night，
feel sleepy and sleep more during the day， and experienced reduced light
exposure.These people were also more likely to be stressed.Among the
three kinds of sleep problems， sleep regularity was the most strongly
associated with health.
Of course， there are many people for whom this may be
impossible， such as night-shift workers or those with late-night duty.But
for those who don’t have mandatory （强制的） reasons to stay up
late， they should make an effort to go to bed at the same time every
night.Skip the late afternoon coffee.Get off the phone.Try the sleep
calculator to figure out the best bedtime.
As Matthew Walker， a scientist， wrote，“The shorter your
sleep， the shorter your life.” Surely that’s reasonable enough to go to
bed on time.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，除了睡眠时间和睡眠质
量外，规律的就寝时间对于人的健康起着很重要的作用。
1. What can we infer from the research？
A. People feel more stressed when they grow older.
B. The old often have less sleep.
C. Adults enjoy sleeping late.
D. Regular bedtime does good to our health.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可推断，规律的就寝时间
对我们的健康有很大好处。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，除了睡眠时间和睡眠质
量外，规律的就寝时间对于人的健康起着很重要的作用。
2. Which of the following influences health most？
A. Reduced light exposure.
B. Sleep regularity.
C. Sleeping during the day.
D. Sleeping late at night.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，在三种睡眠问
题中，睡眠规律与健康的关系最为密切。由此可知，睡眠规律对健
康影响最大。
3. According to the author， what should those who don’t have to stay
up late do？
A. Avoid the late-night duty.
B. Skip the late-night coffee.
C. Get off the phone while working.
D. Try to sleep at the same time each night.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的But for those who don’t
have mandatory （强制的） reasons to stay up late， they should
make an effort to go to bed at the same time every night.可知，那些不
必熬夜的人应该每晚尽量在同一时间睡觉。
4. What’s the best title for the text？
A. The Importance of Sleep
B. Ways to Have a Good Sleep
C. Regular Bedtime for Your Health
D. The Suitable Time for Sleep
解析： 标题归纳题。文章第一、二句点明主旨，接下来介绍了
规律的就寝时间对于养成良好睡眠习惯的重要性以及给人们的健康
带来的好处。因此C项（规律的就寝时间有益于你的健康）为本文
最佳标题。
B
In 1997 Warrick Dunn signed a contract （合同） worth millions to
play professional football with the NFL’s Tampa Bay Buccaneers.His
coach at the time， Tony Dungy， encouraged the newcomer to find a
way to give back.
“I wanted to do something that was a little bit more impactful， not
just handing out food，” he said.“I wanted to do something that had a
real influence in the community.”
Dunn finally decided to focus on helping single parents buy their own
places to live.To date， Warrick Dunn Charities has helped nearly 200
single parents buy and furnish （布置） their own homes.
Dunn said the idea was inspired （赋予灵感） by his late mother，
Betty Smothers， a single mom of six who worked as a police
officer.“She went out of her way even when she didn’t have a lot to
help other people，” Dunn explained.On 7 January 1993， she died
when she was at work.“She lost her life， and she was never able to
realize her dream of owning a home，” said Dunn.
Dunn started with a program called Homes for the Holidays.It
focused on simply getting people into homes.“$5，000 down payment
and we fully furnish their homes with food， furniture， garden tools，
TVs， computers all the way down to the toothbrush，” Dunn
said.“We wanted to give people the chance to break their cycle of
poverty （贫穷循环）.”
Today， Warrick Dunn Charities has expanded from Homes for the
Holidays to include three more programs：Count on Your Future，
Sculpt， and the Hearts for Community Service scholarships.Together
Dunn said the programs can change communities by fighting poverty and
hunger and improving families’ quality of life.
“It gave me a base to think and be able to be in a place to map out
the next steps，” said Kia Savage-Lewis， who took part in the 2005
Homes for the Holidays.“Up until that point， survival was my thinking
process.” Now Savage-Lewis has completed her education and runs her
own small business.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。一名职业橄榄球运动员创立慈善
机构，资助单亲父母购买和装修房子。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。一名职业橄榄球运动员创立慈善
机构，资助单亲父母购买和装修房子。
5. What does the underlined word “impactful” in Paragraph 2 probably
mean？
A. Influential. B. Interesting.
C. Inexpensive. D. International.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词后Dunn所说的not just handing
out food和I wanted to do something that had a real influence in the
community.可知，Dunn想做一些更有影响力的事情，而不仅仅是
分发食物这样的小事。
6. Why is Smothers mentioned in Paragraph 4？
A. To describe the risk of police work.
B. To introduce difficulties in raising kids alone.
C. To explain the beginning of Warrick Dunn Charities.
D. To show the efforts people made to help a single mother.
解析： 推理判断题。根据语境可知，第四段第一句中的the idea
指代Dunn创办Warrick Dunn Charities这一想法；结合本段中的Dunn
said the idea was inspired （赋予灵感） by his late mother， Betty
Smothers，以及下文中具体介绍她如何给予Dunn灵感可知，提及
Smothers是为了解释Dunn成立Warrick Dunn Charities的初衷。
7. How does Savage-Lewis feel about Homes for the Holidays？
A. It is life-changing.
B. It is technology-based.
C. It is specially designed.
D. It is widely recognized.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Savage-Lewis所说的话可
知，Homes for the Holidays项目让她拥有了自己的房子，为她提供
了思考和制定下一步计划的基础；而在参加该项目之前，她一直以
来想的都是如何生存。由此可推知，Savage-Lewis认为该项目改变
了她的人生。
8. What is the text mainly about？
A. A good way to get out of poverty.
B. A footballer giving back to communities.
C. A program focusing on improving life quality.
D. A new charity to help solve the housing problem.
解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了职业橄榄
球运动员Warrick Dunn创立慈善机构，资助单亲父母购买和装修房
子的故事。
C
Most of us want to get into shape and be healthy.For many of us
nutrition and watching what we eat is an important way to stay
healthy.But when it comes to food， what is calorie counting， and what
are the positives and negatives of it？
A law in the UK came into force in April 2022 that requires
restaurants， takeaways， and cafes to display the calorie information of
nonpre-packed food and soft drinks on their menus.It’s a strategy aiming
to deal with obesity and give people a more informed choice of what goes
down into their stomachs.Being able to count calories and know how
much we can eat is a great way to try and stay on track with our diet.
However， there are some disbelievers when it comes to calorie
counting.200 calories of fresh fruit and 200 calories of junk food， for
example cookies， have the same calorific value.However， there is a
question of the health benefits of what you’re eating， regardless of
calories.While fresh fruit like apples contains things like vitamin C， junk
food could contain an unhealthy level of sugar and fats.Likewise （同样
地）， fruit may fill you up and leave you not wanting more food for
longer than a biscuit with equal calories — meaning， overall， you eat
less.
Simply counting calories， while useful for weight loss， doesn’t
take into account your in take of good fats， carbohydrates， and
proteins — things that your body needs.So， if you’re trying to stick to a
low-carbon diet， just looking at numbers of calories on a menu won’t be
that useful.So， always be mindful that what you’re eating is part of a
healthy balanced diet.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了考虑到健康问题，
我们是否应该计算卡路里。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了考虑到健康问题，
我们是否应该计算卡路里。
9. What’s the aim of the newly-passed law in the UK？
A. To ensure food security.
B. To direct the food industry.
C. To help reduce obesity.
D. To get tough with the businessmen.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的It’s a strategy aimed
to deal with obesity可知，英国新通过的这项法律的目的是帮助
减少肥胖。
10. What opinion do disbelievers hold？
A. Calorie alone doesn’t contribute to health.
B. Junk food has more calories than fresh fruit.
C. Less calories mean less food in your stomach.
D. Sugar and fats are more harmful than calories.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的there is a question of the
health benefits of what you’re eating， regardless of calories可知，
质疑者认为热量本身对健康没有意义，食物的营养更重要。
11. What’s the text mainly about？
A. The best way to keep in shape.
B. A research result of obesity in the UK.
C. Nutrition and its health benefits.
D. Opinions and comments on calorie counting.
解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是计算卡
路里的意义和局限性，介绍了针对计算卡路里的不同观点。
12. From which section of a magazine is this text most likely taken？
A. Entertainment. B. Lifestyle.
C. Finance. D. Education.
解析： 文章出处题。文章主要介绍了考虑到健康问题，我们
是否应该计算卡路里，这与健康生活有关，所以文章最有可能是
从杂志的“生活方式”版块选取的。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
You’ve finally climbed the ladder and earned your first management
role.Now what？Welcome to a new world with a new set of
challenges.Chances are you were a top individual performer and that’s
why you were promoted to a management position.Ironically （讽刺
地）， those skills aren’t going to be of much use to you now. 13 .
It’s all about your team.
Welcome to a world where your success is no longer dependent on
your individual performance. 14 .You probably didn’t worry too
much if a colleague was struggling.Sure， you helped them out where you
could but ultimately you had your own work to focus on.Now that
struggler is pulling down your team’s performance.Moving them up the
performance curve is a key priority.
Communication is key.
Your team members aren’t mind readers or robots.As a leader，
you need to communicate with your team clearly and
effectively. 15 .If your team doesn’t know what you want from
them， how can you expect them to deliver （履行职责）？Learn to
make the goal clear.This is more difficult than it sounds.You aren’t
leading a team of robots. 16 .A few well-placed words of
encouragement or a well-timed check can make a huge difference to an
employee having a tough time.Similarly， a small piece of public praise
for a high-performing employee can remind the rest of the team that you do
notice when they work hard and perform well.
Leadership isn’t something you’ve mastered. 17 — that’s
the joy and frustration of leadership.
A. Your behaviour will have a big impact on employees’ motivation
B. Let’s take a quick look at a couple of the most important skills
C. Setting clear goals and expectations is a key part of leadership
D. Showing genuine relationships will ultimately lead to complete success
E. You will only succeed by ensuring that every member of your team is
succeeding
F. You’ll have worked hard for your promotion and have rich experience
in your chosen field
G. All leaders， no matter how skilful or experienced， are always
working on improving their skills
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个好的团队领导
需要学会的技能。
13. B 上文说到被提升到管理职位之后，你之前拥有的技能现在用
处不大，所以设空处应介绍有用处的技能，B项（让我们快速了解一
些最重要的技能）承接上文，符合语境。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个好的团队领导
需要学会的技能。
14. E 上文说明成功不再取决于你个人的表现，E项（只有确保团队
中的每个成员都成功，你才能成功）承接上文，说明成功与团队中的
每个成员都有关，符合语境。
15. C 上文说明你要与团队进行清晰有效的沟通，下文指出你要明
确告知团队你的目标和期望，C项（设定明确的目标和期望是领导力
的关键部分）承上启下，符合语境。
16. A 下文说明你的言语和做法会如何对员工产生影响，是具体的
例子，A项（你的行为会对员工的积极性产生很大的影响）引出下
文，符合语境。
17. G 上文说明领导力不是你已经掌握的东西，所以你总是需要提
升自己的技能，G项（所有的领导者，无论多么熟练或经验丰富，都
一直在努力提高自己的技能）承接上文，符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
When I was a young Dad， my family was struggling just to get by.I
was getting a few days’ work here and there as a substitute （代课的）
teacher.I was teaching every 18 and every grade.Then near the end
of the school year I got 19 at the last second to teach at a local grade
school.
I got there late 20 the summer to come and the 21 of work it
would bring.The class I got had a bad case of summer break 22
too.There was no surprising that they were 23 ， bouncing off their
seats and talking excitedly.
Finally， it was time for a short 24 and I was as happy as they
were to get outside the 25 classroom.I watched them play and hoped
it would 26 them out so the afternoon wouldn’t be as 27 as the
morning had been on me.A little girl ran up to me.She had a handful of
freshly 28 wild flowers.“This is for you， Mr Mazzella.” she
said.In that second I felt a 29 I hadn’t felt all day.I smiled and
thanked her as she skipped 30 away.
Every single thing we do is a part of our purpose here and our
mission.It is a lifelong 31 too， so stop worrying about your mission
and your purpose.You are 32 them each and every day.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在当地一所小
学教书的经历和感悟。
18. A. day B. subject C. school D. time
解析： 根据上文a young Dad， my family was struggling just to
get by和下文every grade可知，当时作者的家庭比较拮据，为了挣
钱，当老师的时候，教哪一门学科和哪一个年级都行。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在当地一所小
学教书的经历和感悟。
19. A. called in B. turned down
C. picked up D. watched out
解析： 根据上下文got 19 ... to teach at a local grade
school可知，作者被叫到当地一所小学教书。call in召来；turn
down拒绝；pick up捡起；watch out小心。
20. A. waiting for B. dreaming of
C. worrying about D. concentrating on
解析： 根据空后的the summer to come and the 21 of work it
would bring可知，作者担心即将到来的夏天，学生们会放假而自
己就会没有工作。wait for等待；dream of做梦；worry about担
心；concentrate on专注于。
21. A. lack B. reward
C. change D. influence
解析： 参见上题解析。lack缺乏；reward奖励；change变化；
influence影响。
22. A. boredom B. arrangement
C. depression D. fever
解析： 此处与前面提到的the summer to come和summer break
呼应，因为要放暑假了，学生们都非常地兴奋。fever在这里强调
激动兴奋的样子。boredom无聊；arrangement安排；depression忧
郁；fever激动不安，兴奋紧张。
23. A. curious B. noisy
C. calm D. active
解析： 此处与前面的summer break和后面的bouncing off their
seats and talking excitedly呼应，因为要放假了，学生们吵闹也就
不足为奇了。curious好奇的；noisy吵闹的；calm冷静的；active积
极的。
24. A. lunch B. break C. lesson D. game
解析： 根据下文as they were to get outside可知，学生们要出去
玩，说明这时应该是下课了，是休息时间。lunch午餐；break休
息；lesson课；game游戏。
25. A. quiet B. big C. hot D. dirty
解析： 上文已经提到了summer，因此教室应该是炎热的。
quiet安静的；big大的；hot热的；dirty肮脏的。
26. A. wear B. knock C. keep D. leave
解析： 根据上文I watched them play和下文so the afternoon
wouldn’t be as 27 as the morning had been on me可知，作者
看着他们玩耍，希望能让他们筋疲力尽，这样下午上课就不会像
早上那样艰难了。wear sb out使某人筋疲力尽。knock敲门；keep
保持；leave离开。
27. A. long B. quick C. dull D. tough
解析： 此处与上文的bouncing off their seats and talking
excitedly呼应，作者上课的时候，因为学生们要放假了，都很兴
奋不老实，所以上课很艰难。long长的；quick快的；dull沉闷
的； tough艰难的。
28. A. planted B. picked
C. pressed D. decorated
解析： 根据空前的a handful of freshly和空后的wild flowers可
知，是一把刚采摘的野花。plant种植；pick挑选；press压制；
decorate装饰。
29. A. surprise B. regret
C. joy D. praise
解析： 根据下文的I smiled and thanked her可知，在那一秒
钟，作者感到了一种喜悦。surprise惊喜；regret后悔；joy喜悦；
praise称赞。
30. A. happily B. carefully
C. hesitantly D. anxiously
解析： 此处与上文的smiled和thanked呼应，作者微笑着感谢
她，她高兴地跳着走了。happily高兴地；carefully仔细地；
hesitantly犹豫不决地；anxiously焦急地。
31. A. idea B. challenge
C. adventure D. process
解析： 根据上文Every single thing ... our mission.可知，我们
所做的每一件事都是我们在这里的目标和使命的一部分。这也是
一个终生的过程。idea想法；challenge挑战；adventure冒险；
process过程。
32. A. discussing B. living
C. considering D. offering
解析： 此处与上文so stop worrying about your mission and your
purpose呼应，指不要担心你的使命和目的。你每天都在践行（你
的使命和目的）。discuss讨论；live （以某种方式）生活；实
践；consider考虑；offer提供。
Ⅳ.语法填空
As a wildlife 33 （photograph）， Tobias Baumgaertner has
taken many 34 （amaze） photos.But very few photos reach a lot of
people 35 touch their hearts like the two penguins （企鹅） that are
displaying the beauty of love.
In 2019， Tobias spent three nights with a colony of fairy penguins in
St Kilda Pier in Melbourne， Australia.During that time， he 36
（notice） a pair standing out from the group.One penguin had its wing
gently resting over the other in what appeared to be a loving embrace （拥
抱）.
Tobias didn’t know that loss connected the two.“A volunteer told
me that the white on was an elderly lady who had lost her partner， and so
had 37 younger male to the left，” he explained.“Since then they
often meet， comforting each other and standing together 38 hours
watching the dancing lights of the nearby city.”
Moved， Tobias set out to record their heart-warming moments.It
took days， but he left with two perfect photos — and two 39
（example） of how love can heal.Tobias shared the photos on
Instagram， 40 （write），“During hard times the truly lucky ones
are those that can be with the people they love most.”
His photos became 41 （extreme） popular， touching
thousands.As one person put it，“It’s the 42 （cute）， most
heart-warming thing I’ve ever seen.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位摄影师抓拍到两只各自失去伴
侣的企鹅互相安慰对方的温暖时刻。
33. photographer 考查词形转换。设空处被冠词a限定，且指出了
Tobias Baumgaertner的身份是摄影师，应该用表示单数意义的名词，
故填photographer。
34. amazing 考查词形转换。设空处作定语修饰photos，且表示“令
人惊奇的”，故填amazing。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位摄影师抓拍到两只各自失去伴
侣的企鹅互相安慰对方的温暖时刻。
35. and 考查连词。本句中的reach a lot of people与touch their hearts
之间为并列关系，两个动作先后发生，故填and。reach被……看到
（或听到）。
36. noticed 考查动词的时态。根据本段中的时间状语In 2019和
During that time可知，设空处表示发生在过去某个时间的动作，应该
用一般过去时，故填noticed。
37. the 考查冠词。此处特指两只企鹅中年龄较小的那只，故填the。
38. for 考查介词。设空处后接hours，表示一段时间，故填for。
39. examples 考查名词复数。设空处与photos为并列关系，因为其前
有数词two，应该用表示复数意义的名词，故填examples。
40. writing 考查非谓语动词。设空处作状语，句子的主语Tobias与
write之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填writing。
41. extremely 考查词形转换。设空处作状语修饰popular，应该用副
词，故填extremely。
42. cutest 考查形容词的最高级。设空处与most heart-warming为并列
关系，二者均表示最高级意义，故填cutest。
谢谢观看！
