Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
维度一：基础题型练
写出下列句中画线部分所作的句子成分。
1.Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.
2.In the end， the train arrived.
3.His confidence enabled him to finish the task successfully.
4.The class teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday.
5.Our school set up a new club.
6.This book gives me some ideas on how to make friends.
7.I feel it our duty to serve the people heart and soul.
8.Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.
9.We must get together again some day.
10.If I am not busy tomorrow， I will play football with you.
11.They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully.
12.A farmer told us how to pick oranges.
维度二：语法与写作
用给出的句子结构翻译下列句子。
1.这个领域的一位著名教授将就如何保护我们的环境给我们作讲座。（主语＋谓语＋宾语）
2.在不久的将来，你会发现你的学校生活丰富多彩， 并且有趣。（主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
3.现在这种活动在中学里变得很受欢迎。（主语＋系动词＋表语）
4.我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。（主语＋谓语＋宾语）
5.奶奶昨晚送给我一个非常漂亮的玩具娃娃。（主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
6.每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。（主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
7.早睡早起对你的健康有益。（主语＋系动词＋表语，动词-ing短语作主语）
8.美国的历史开始于此。（主语＋谓语＋状语）
9.你会发现英语容易学。（主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
10.一切都会好起来的。（主语＋系动词＋表语）
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，分析并写出画线部分的句子结构。
1.My parents love me very much.However，they like making almost all decisions for me.They choose schools and subjects for me.Sometimes even the daily timetables have to be decided by them.In my opinion，2.deciding everything for children does not help them but harm them in many ways.Firstly，3.it will make children less confident，4.which is useless to their development.Secondly，in many cases parents don’t care about children’s personal ideas and interests，5.which will influence their growth greatly.As a result，6.a lot of children are complaining！I do believe to grow to be independent is a natural way for everybody.7.Parents should give us chances to make our decisions.They may help us make choices instead of replacing us to do it.After all，8.there are a lot of things for us to explore by ourselves.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·山东六校高一下学期联考）Today was my first day at senior high school and it was hard.In high school， you have 4 minutes to get to your next class.My high school is very big and those 4 minutes to go from one class to another really isn’t a lot of time.Today I had to go from one end of the building to the other to get from science class to maths class.I wanted to go to my locker first and leave my science book there， but that took time.I was worried about being late， and I was.The maths teacher said，“Just be on time tomorrow， or you’ll have detention （放学后留校）.”
After maths， I went to art class.I like my art class a lot because I like creating things.The teacher there showed us how to make portraits （肖像）.He explained，“A portrait is a way of communicating with a person.It does not just show how the person looks but what is important to understand the person.” We just did drawings today， but I know it’s going to be great.I like drawing.
I like my English class， too.I think the teacher is really supportive.Today we wrote about ourselves.We could write a paragraph or a poem， and I wrote a poem about myself.I thought it was a good poem， and the teacher said I had used good images （意象） to communicate my feelings.
Lunch was very hurried.I arrived at the dining room with 12 minutes to eat.I sat with people I didn’t know， and everyone was eating quickly.After lunch I signed up for a computer club.I need to learn how to use a computer well because my social studies teacher says it is the one skill you need in every class.
1.What happened to the author after science class？
A.He lost his science textbook.
B.He got lost on the campus.
C.He was late for maths class.
D.He was given detention.
2.What did the author think of his art class？
A.Difficult. B.Enjoyable.
C.Boring. D.Easy.
3.What did the English teacher do after seeing the author’s work？
A.He praised the author.
B.He pointed out the author’s mistakes.
C.He asked the author to check punctuation.
D.He encouraged the author to introduce himself.
4.Which can be the best title for the text？
A.Learn Useful Skills in High School
B.My New Teachers in High School
C.Make Plans for High School Life
D.My First Day in High School
B
（2024·常州高一下学期质检）Australian teenagers are missing important， basic kitchen skills and it’s having a negative influence on their health.It’s also leading our next generation towards increased rates of obesity， according to the findings of a survey.
A national survey of 1，006 parents found that： Close to half of all 12－18-year-olds can’t boil an egg； 1 in 5 only have kitchen skills that allow them to pour milk on cereal； 42 percent can’t boil noodles； 83.9 percent don’t know how to roast a chicken； 60.1 percent can’t bake a potato.
Research company Pureprofile asked parents to judge how well their kids could perform in the kitchen across some tasks.
More than half （67.3 percent） of parents believe their children could do better when it comes to healthy food and lifestyle knowledge.Close to half of parents （42.5 percent） believe poor food choices are caused by lack of education at middle school， with 9 in 10 parents in support of schools doing more to encourage a healthy lifestyle.
Miriam Raleigh， a middle school teacher， said she was already seeing a generation of young parents who had “no idea how to cook”.
“They depend on convenience （方便） meals and easy snacks and those foods often have a higher fat and salt content which can lead to obesity and a lot of health problems，” Ms Raleigh said.
The school’s Kitchen Garden program founder Stephanie Alexander said that if more was not done to improve the situation we would be heading towards a generation of fatter and more unhealthy kids.Ms Alexander also said she would introduce her Kitchen Garden program into middle schools so teenagers can learn the art of cooking food.
“I’m so proud of what we have achieved in the primary school and I really believe we can have the same success in middle schools，” she said.
5.What did the national survey find about Australian teenagers？
A.They don’t eat healthily.
B.They are poor at cooking.
C.They like convenience meals.
D.They are interested in cooking.
6.How does the author develop the first half of the text？
A.By telling some stories.
B.By giving some examples.
C.By offering some numbers.
D.By answering some questions.
7.What did Miriam Raleigh try to express？
A.Her interest in easy snacks.
B.Her interest in health problems.
C.Her worry about the young teenagers.
D.Her worry about the unhealthy lifestyle.
8.How did Stephanie Alexander feel about her Kitchen Garden program？
A.Very worried. B.Very confident.
C.A little doubtful. D.A little surprised.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
“I’m really busy，” said one teenage guy.“ 9 How can I possibly do it all？” You can do it all， or at least most of it， if you’ll be more careful with your time.As Benjamin Franklin put it， “Do you love life？ Then do not waste time； for that’s the stuff life is made of.”
10 Think about what you could do with an extra 7 hours per week.Well， you know what？ I’m sure you’re wasting at least 7 to 20 hours each week and don’t even realise it.
Screens are the biggest time wasters — from the big flat-screen in the living room to all the laptops， tablets， and smartphones littering the house and beeping for attention every minute of the day.Relaxing after school by spending a few minutes watching a funny clip on YouTube， playing a game on your phone， or catching up with your friends on social media is no big deal.Too much time spent with your nose in a screen， however， is a total waste. 11
Do you know that the average US teen spends 9 hours using media every day？ That’s 63 hours a week spent playing video games， texting， sharing photos on Snapchat and Instagram， and above all watching TV. 12 And then they complain that they don’t have time for anything.
Excessive screen time can cause eye damage as well as affect our mood. 13 While it is impossible to completely escape the screen， there are ways to reduce the time you place your eyes and brain under the screen strain.
A.That’s why people do so.
B.So much to do； so little time.
C.Why are they so busy all the time？
D.This is more time than they spend sleeping.
E.Wouldn’t it be great if every day had 25 hours？
F.What’s worse， it can do harm to our mental health.
G.That’s an activity which is neither urgent nor important.
9. 10. 11.
12. 13.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Teacher Appreciation Week is celebrated in America in the first full week of May， and is 14 teachers get the extra credit they deserve.Whether you have a teacher， know a teacher， or 15 （be） a teacher， there are endless ways to give a little extra support to teachers and teachers’ organizations.Teaching is known to be 16 time-consuming and challenging profession， so this week is our chance 17 （say） thank you to those who play or have played such a huge role in our lives.Who doesn’t have a great memory of a teacher who inspired us in some way？
Teaching is one of the oldest 18 （profession） — in 561 BCE， the first private teacher in history was one of the 19 （noble） men of all time， Confucius.
Though the origins of Teacher Appreciation Week are somewhat murky， it is clear that it was in 1944 20 an Arkansas school teacher， Mattye White Woodridge， 21 （write） to politicians and educational professionals about the demand for a day to appreciate teachers.However， it wasn’t for nearly a decade until the idea 22 （introduce） to Congress by none other than Eleanor Roosevelt.In 1953， she was successful in 23 （convince） lawmakers to adopt the day.
14. 15. 16.
17. 18. 19.
20. 21. 22.
23.
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
基础知识自测
维度一
1.（直接）宾语 2.谓语 3.宾语补足语 4.宾语补足语
5.谓语 6.（直接）宾语 7.宾语 8.主语 9.状语 10.状语
11.状语 12.（间接）宾语
维度二
1.A famous professor in this field will give us a lecture on how to protect our environment.
2.You will find your school life colourful and interesting in the near future.
3.Nowadays this activity is becoming very popular in high schools.
4.We haven’t decided when to discuss the problem again.
5.Granny gave me a very beautiful doll last night.
6.Every morning we can hear him read English aloud.
7.Going to bed early and getting up early are good for your health.
8.The history of America began here.
9.You will find English easy to learn.
10.Everything will be all right.
维度三
1.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 2.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 3.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 4.主语＋系动词＋表语
5.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 6.主语＋谓语
7.主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 8.There be句型
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在高中第一天的学习与生活。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的I was worried about being late， and I was.The maths teacher said， “Just be on time tomorrow， or you’ll have detention （放学后留校）.”可知，由于课间时间太短，作者上数学课时迟到了。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的I like my art class a lot because I like creating things.以及We just did drawings today， but I know it’s going to be great.I like drawing.可知，作者很喜欢上美术课。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的the teacher said I had used good images （意象） to communicate my feelings 可知，英语老师表扬了作者创作的诗歌，认为他在运用意象表达情感方面做得不错。
4.D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者在高中第一天的学习与生活。因此D项（我在高中的第一天）为文章最佳标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚的一项调查发现，澳大利亚大部分青少年的动手能力很差，主要体现在不会干厨房里一些很基本的家务。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，这个调查发现，澳大利亚大部分青少年在厨房的动手能力都很差，不会做一些很基本的家务。
6.C 推理判断题。根据前四段可知，作者主要通过列举一些数字来展开说明和论述。
7.D 细节理解题。根据第五、六段可知，Miriam Raleigh指出，现在很多年轻父母们不会做饭，他们主要依靠方便食品，而长期食用方便食品会导致一些健康问题。因此Miriam Raleigh主要表达了对这种不健康生活方式的担忧。
8.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Stephanie Alexander对她的“厨房花园”这一项目满怀信心。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。我们花在电子屏幕上的时间越来越多，作者认为这是一种巨大的浪费——我们必须减少屏幕时间。
9.B 根据上下文可知，这位青少年在抱怨事情多而时间少，故B项符合语境。
10.E 下句提到每周多出7个小时，因此E项（如果每天有25个小时，那不是很好吗？）符合语境。
11.G 上文指出每天花费大量时间在电子屏幕上是一种巨大的浪费，G项是对此的进一步解释说明。
12.D 上文指出美国青少年每周花费大约63个小时在各种电子屏幕上，这个时间显然超过了他们的睡眠时间。故D项符合语境。
13.F 上句指出过多的屏幕时间会伤害我们的视力、影响我们的心情，F项进一步指出它还会影响到我们的心理健康。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了美国教师节的来历。
14.when 考查连词。这里从属连词when引导一个表语从句。
15.are 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句主语为you，且需要用一般现在时，因此这里应用系动词are。
16.a 考查冠词。这里不定冠词a修饰后面的名词profession。
17.to say 考查非谓语动词。这里动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词chance。
18.professions 考查名词复数。前面的one of the暗示这里应用可数名词profession的复数形式。
19.noblest 考查形容词的最高级。后面的介词短语of all time （有史以来）暗示这里应用形容词的最高级形式。
20.that 考查强调句。it was in 1944 that an Arkansas school teacher ...是一个强调句。
21.wrote 考查动词的时态。根据上下文语境可知，这里应用一般过去时。
22.was introduced 考查动词的时态和语态。这里表示该想法“被介绍给”国会，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。
23.convincing 考查非谓语动词。设空处前面是介词in，因此这里应用动词-ing形式。
5 / 5Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
基本句子结构
1.I’m a little anxious right now.
2.I want to make a good first impression.
3.He even told us a funny story.
4.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
5.There’s a lot to explore at senior high.
6.What happened in the chemistry class？
7.I just had my first maths class at senior high school！
8.For Tim， that dream has come true！
【我的发现】
感知上面句子，并把句子序号写在相应的结构后面
主语＋谓语（S＋V）
主语＋谓语＋宾语（S＋V＋O）
主语（＋系动词）＋表语（S＋P）
主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语（S＋V＋IO＋DO）
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语（S＋V＋O＋C）
主语＋谓语＋状语（S＋V＋A）
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语（S＋V＋O＋A）
there be句型（There be ...）
一、 八种句子成分
构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和同位语。
1.主语（subject）
主语表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的短语或句子等充当，置于句首。
As the old saying goes，“Good advice is beyond price.” （名词短语作主语）
正如老话所说：“忠告乃无价之宝。”
You never missed a single practice. （代词）
你从来没有错过一次训练。
To see is to believe. （动词不定式）
眼见为实。
Keeping a diary is a good way to practise writing. （动词-ing短语）
写日记是练习写作的好方法。
What troubles me most is that it’s difficult for me to enjoy a good sleep every night. （主语从句）
最让我困扰的是每天晚上我都很难睡好觉。
2.谓语（verb）
谓语用来说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
（2023·全国乙卷）Last summer， I learned the new skill of Chinese painting.（简单谓语）
去年夏天，我学习了中国画的新技巧。
I couldn’t have made such great progress without your help. （复合谓语）
没有你的帮助，我就不会取得如此大的进步。
As a result， students should spare more time for English reading rather than watching movies too much. （复合谓语）
因此，学生应该花更多时间阅读英语而不是看太多电影。
3.表语（predicative）
表语指系动词后面的成分，通常说明主语的身份、特征和状态。它由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式（短语）或表语从句等充当。
While you’re in China， Mount Huangshan is a must to visit！ （名词短语）
当你在中国的时候，黄山是一定要去参观的！
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）I’m interested in our English speaking program.（形容词）
我对我们的英语口语节目感兴趣。
My hobby is collecting stamps. （动词-ing短语）
我的爱好是集邮。
The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all. （动词不定式短语）
最大的幸福就是为大家的幸福而工作。
My job is looking after children. （动词-ing短语）
我的工作是照看孩子。
My suggestion is that we should try chatting online with foreigners or keeping an English diary. （从句作表语）
我的建议是我们应该尝试与外国人在线聊天或写英语日记。
4.宾语（object）
宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象，或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象，放在及物动词的后面，一般由名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词及短语或名词性从句等充当。
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷） I expressed my thanks to the teacher.（名词）
我向老师表达了我的感谢。
Other kids will laugh at me. （代词）
其他孩子会嘲笑我的。
People love to talk about themselves.（动词不定式短语）
人们喜欢聊关于他们自己的话题。
Do you mind passing me the dictionary？ （动词-ing短语）
请把那本词典递给我，好吗？
I do hope that you will study hard and pass the College Entrance Examination. （宾语从句）
我真的希望你会努力学习并通过高考。
5.宾语补足语（object complement）
有些及物动词跟了宾语后意义仍不够完整，还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后，一般由名词（短语）、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式（短语）或过去分词（短语）等充当。
We can use all kinds of resources to make learning more interesting.（形容词）
我们可以使用各种资源使学习更有趣。
My mother always keeps everything in good order. （介词短语）
我妈妈总是把一切都安排得井然有序。
The teacher asked us not to make so much noise. （动词不定式短语）
老师叫我们不要制造那么多的噪声。
I’ve never seen her dancing. （动词-ing形式）
我从未看见过她跳舞。
He was very happy to see the work finished. （过去分词）
他很高兴看到这项工作完成了。
6.定语（attributive）
定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、动词不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式（短语）、过去分词（短语）、介词短语或从句等充当。
（2023·全国乙卷）In a word， it was a wonderful experience that I will always remember.（形容词）
总之，这是一次美妙的经历，我会永远记得。
These are apple trees. （名词）
这些是苹果树。
There is nothing to do today. （动词不定式）
今天没有事要做。
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. （动词-ing形式、过去分词短语）
那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
As a Chinese who is particularly interested in travelling， I would like to introduce my favourite city — Beijing. （定语从句）
作为一个对旅游特别感兴趣的中国人，我想向你介绍我最喜欢的城市——北京。
7.状语（adverbial）
状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般由副词、形容词、动词不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式（短语）、过去分词（短语）、介词短语、独立主格或从句等充当。
To the researchers’ surprise， the disease was spreading more rapidly than expected. （副词）
令研究人员吃惊的是，这种疾病传播得比预期的要快。
Hearing my words， he finally made up his mind to run. （动词-ing短语）
听了我的话，他终于下定决心要跑了。
When the house was built， it was much smaller than it is today. （状语从句）
房子刚建的时候，比现在小得多。
8.同位语（appositive）
若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位语。
We human beings should well protect our oceans for the following reasons.
我们人类应该很好地保护我们的海洋，原因如下。
Professor Wang， a famous scientist， will give us a talk tomorrow.
王教授，一位著名的科学家，明天将给我们作报告。
【即时演练1】 写出下列句中画线部分所作的句子成分
①The manager made them work day and night.
②I hope you will find these suggestions practical.
③Keeping healthy is very important for us.
④I’ll go and pick you up at your place.
⑤We should try to put ourselves in their shoes.
二、八种基本句型
1.主语＋谓语（S＋V）
这种句型结构中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语），其后不能直接跟宾语，也没有被动语态。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。 常见的不及物动词（短语）有rise、 matter、 begin、 come、 go、 happen、 appear、 work、 come true、 take place等。
is rising.谓语
太阳正在升起。
is crying.谓语
小男孩正在哭泣。
2.主语＋谓语＋宾语（S＋V＋O）
（1）这种句型结构中的谓语动词必须是及物动词（短语），一般有被动语态。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句等。
also show谓语
that they dislike talking to others.宾语
他们的回答也显示出他们不喜欢和别人说话。
won谓语 a medal宾语 for his great courage.
大卫因其伟大的勇气而获得一枚奖章。
（2）在“动词＋介词”的动词短语中，宾语只能放在介词之后；在“动词＋副词”的动词短语中，作宾语的名词放于副词前后皆可；作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。
Please wake Li Ling up （＝wake up Li Ling） at 6：30 in the morning.（√）
Please wake her up at 6：30 in the morning.（√）
Please wake up her at 6：30 in the morning.（×）
3.主语（＋系动词）＋表语（S＋P）
这种句型结构中的谓语动词为系动词，无被动语态，也无进行时态。常见的系动词有be动词，还有感官系动词（sound、 look、 smell、 taste、 feel）、变化系动词（become、 get、 grow、 turn、 go、 fall、 run）、持续系动词（remain、 keep、 hold、 stay）、表象系动词（seem、 appear、 look）等。表语由名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式或从句充当。
were系动词
born here.表语
林肯的四个儿子中有三个出生在这里。
It 主语 was系动词 sweet and fresh.表语
它又甜又新鲜。
He主语 became 系动词 a teacher表语 of English.
他成了一名英语教师。
She主语 looked 系动词 a little annoyed.表语
她看上去有点生气。
4.主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语（S＋V＋IO＋DO）
这种句型结构中的及物动词后跟双宾语，指人的宾语称为间接宾语，指物的宾语称为直接宾语。通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，但间接宾语前需用介词for或to。间接宾语之前用介词to的常见动词有give、 tell、 teach、 write、 bring、 lend、 hand、 show、 offer、 send、 pay、 order等。间接宾语之前用介词for的常见动词有buy、 fetch、 save、 choose、 sing等。
He 主语 bought谓语 me间接宾语 a birthday present.直接宾语
＝He bought a birthday present for me.
他给我买了一件生日礼物。
I 主语 showed谓语 him间接宾语 my pictures.直接宾语
＝I showed my pictures to him.
我给他看我的照片。
5.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语（S＋V＋O＋C）
该句型结构中的宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等充当。该句型常用于三类动词：
（1）使役动词：keep、 make、 let、 have、 leave、 get等；
（2）感官动词或短语：see、 watch、 notice、 observe、 find、 catch、 hear、 feel、 smell、 look at、 listen to等；
（3）其他动词：ask、 tell、 order、 request、 permit、 persuade 等。
Mike主语 told谓语 me宾语 not to go 宾语补足语 [now].状语
迈克告诉我不要现在走。
They主语 painted谓语 the door宾语 green.宾语补足语
他们把门刷成了绿色。
6.主语＋谓语＋状语（S＋V＋A）
该句型结构中的谓语通常为不及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语。
They主语 talked谓语 [for half an hour].状语
他们谈了半个小时。
The time主语 passed谓语 [quickly].状语
时光飞逝。
7.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语（S＋V＋O＋A）
该句型结构中的谓语通常为及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语。
The boy主语 needs谓语 a mobile phone宾语 [very much].状语
这个男孩十分需要一部手机。
I 主语 waited for谓语 him宾语 [at the school gate].状语
我在学校门口等他。
8.There be句型
There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人，基本结构为“There is/are/was/were ...＋地点状语”。谓语动词有时可用表示存在的其他动词（短语），如live、 stand、 lie、 seem/appear to be （好像有）、 happen to be （碰巧有）、 used to be （曾经有） 等。
There is a piano in my study.
在我的书房里有一架钢琴。
There are 56 students in my class.
在我的班里有56名学生。
【即时演练2】 写出下列句子所属的句型结构
①This kind of food tastes terrible.
②He studies hard.
③There are many places of interest worth visiting.
④He made me very angry.
⑤I visited many places of interest with my family last week.
⑥Tom will bring me several English books tomorrow.
look forward to 盼望；期待（to为介词）
【教材原句】 Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.
汤姆正盼望着迎接这名新交换生。
【用法】
含介词to的短语
pay attention to 注意
be used to 习惯于
lead to 导致
get down to 着手处理
live up to 不辜负；达到；符合
【佳句】 In a word， we are looking forward to attending your class， where we can take the chance to improve our oral English.
总之，我们期待着上您的课，在那里我们可以借此机会提高我们的英语口语。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I am looking forward to your （join） us and wish you a wonderful time.
②As an exchange student， I really have no idea how to get used to （live） in the new surroundings.
【写美】 完成句子
③ as soon as possible. （求助信）
我期待着尽快收到你的来信。
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
8 2 1 3 4 6 7 5
即时演练1
①宾语补足语 ②宾语补足语 ③主语；表语 ④谓语；地点状语 ⑤宾语；定语
即时演练2
①S＋P ②S＋V＋A ③There be句型 ④S＋V＋O＋C
⑤S＋V＋O＋A ⑥S＋V＋IO＋DO
【知识要点·须拾遗】
①joining ②living
③I’m looking forward to hearing from you
8 / 8(共82张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Discovering Useful Structures
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
基本句子结构
1. I’m a little anxious right now.
2. I want to make a good first impression.
3. He even told us a funny story.
4. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
5. There’s a lot to explore at senior high.
6. What happened in the chemistry class？
7. I just had my first maths class at senior high school！
8. For Tim， that dream has come true！
【我的发现】
感知上面句子，并把句子序号写在相应的结构后面
主语＋谓语（S＋V）
主语＋谓语＋宾语（S＋V＋O）
主语（＋系动词）＋表语（S＋P）
主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋
直接宾语（S＋V＋IO＋DO）
8
2
1
3
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语
补足语（S＋V＋O＋C）
主语＋谓语＋状语（S＋V＋A）
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语
（S＋V＋O＋A）
there be句型（There be ...）
4
6
7
5
一、 八种句子成分
构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、表
语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和同位语。
1. 主语（subject）
主语表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相
当于名词的短语或句子等充当，置于句首。
As the old saying goes，“Good advice is beyond price.” （名词短语作
主语）
正如老话所说：“忠告乃无价之宝。”
You never missed a single practice. （代词）
你从来没有错过一次训练。
To see is to believe. （动词不定式）
眼见为实。
Keeping a diary is a good way to practise writing. （动词-ing短语）
写日记是练习写作的好方法。
What troubles me most is that it’s difficult for me to enjoy a good sleep
every night. （主语从句）
最让我困扰的是每天晚上我都很难睡好觉。
2. 谓语（verb）
谓语用来说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语
充当，位于主语之后。
（2023·全国乙卷）Last summer， I learned the new skill of Chinese
painting.（简单谓语）
去年夏天，我学习了中国画的新技巧。
I couldn’t have made such great progress without your help.
（复合谓语）
没有你的帮助，我就不会取得如此大的进步。
As a result， students should spare more time for English reading rather
than watching movies too much. （复合谓语）
因此，学生应该花更多时间阅读英语而不是看太多电影。
名师点津
系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。
We are students.我们是学生。
3. 表语（predicative）
表语指系动词后面的成分，通常说明主语的身份、特征和状态。它
由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短
语）、动词-ing形式（短语）或表语从句等充当。
While you’re in China， Mount Huangshan is a must to visit！
（名词短语）
当你在中国的时候，黄山是一定要去参观的！
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）I’m interested in our English speaking program.
（形容词）
我对我们的英语口语节目感兴趣。
My hobby is collecting stamps. （动词-ing短语）
我的爱好是集邮。
The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all. （动词不
定式短语）
最大的幸福就是为大家的幸福而工作。
My job is looking after children. （动词-ing短语）
我的工作是照看孩子。
My suggestion is that we should try chatting online with foreigners or
keeping an English diary. （从句作表语）
我的建议是我们应该尝试与外国人在线聊天或写英语日记。
4. 宾语（object）
宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象，或是介词所表示的某种联系
的对象，放在及物动词的后面，一般由名词、代词、数词、非谓语
动词及短语或名词性从句等充当。
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷） I expressed my thanks to the teacher.（名词）
我向老师表达了我的感谢。
Other kids will laugh at me. （代词）
其他孩子会嘲笑我的。
People love to talk about themselves.（动词不定式短语）
人们喜欢聊关于他们自己的话题。
Do you mind passing me the dictionary？ （动词-ing短语）
请把那本词典递给我，好吗？
I do hope that you will study hard and pass the College Entrance
Examination. （宾语从句）
我真的希望你会努力学习并通过高考。
5. 宾语补足语（object complement）
有些及物动词跟了宾语后意义仍不够完整，还需要加上宾语补足语
来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放
在宾语之后，一般由名词（短语）、形容词、副词、介词短语、动
词不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式（短语）或过去分词（短语）等
充当。
We can use all kinds of resources to make learning more interesting.
（形容词）
我们可以使用各种资源使学习更有趣。
My mother always keeps everything in good order. （介词短语）
我妈妈总是把一切都安排得井然有序。
The teacher asked us not to make so much noise. （动词不定式
短语）
老师叫我们不要制造那么多的噪声。
I’ve never seen her dancing. （动词-ing形式）
我从未看见过她跳舞。
He was very happy to see the work finished. （过去分词）
他很高兴看到这项工作完成了。
6. 定语（attributive）
定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代
词、数词、副词、动词不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式（短语）、
过去分词（短语）、介词短语或从句等充当。
（2023·全国乙卷）In a word， it was a wonderful experience that I
will always remember.（形容词）
总之，这是一次美妙的经历，我会永远记得。
These are apple trees. （名词）
这些是苹果树。
There is nothing to do today. （动词不定式）
今天没有事要做。
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. （动词-ing形
式、过去分词短语）
那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
As a Chinese who is particularly interested in travelling， I would
like to introduce my favourite city — Beijing. （定语从句）
作为一个对旅游特别感兴趣的中国人，我想向你介绍我最喜欢的城
市——北京。
7. 状语（adverbial）
状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般由副词、形容
词、动词不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式（短语）、过去分词（短
语）、介词短语、独立主格或从句等充当。
To the researchers’ surprise， the disease was spreading more rapidly
than expected. （副词）
令研究人员吃惊的是，这种疾病传播得比预期的要快。
Hearing my words， he finally made up his mind to run. （动词-
ing短语）
听了我的话，他终于下定决心要跑了。
When the house was built， it was much smaller than it is today.
（状语从句）
房子刚建的时候，比现在小得多。
8. 同位语（appositive）
若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，那么，
后一项称为前一项的同位语。
We human beings should well protect our oceans for the following
reasons.
我们人类应该很好地保护我们的海洋，原因如下。
Professor Wang， a famous scientist， will give us a talk tomorrow.
王教授，一位著名的科学家，明天将给我们作报告。
【即时演练1】 写出下列句中画线部分所作的句子成分
①The manager made them work day and night.
②I hope you will find these suggestions practical.
③Keeping healthy is very important for us.
④I’ll go and pick you up at your place.
⑤We should try to put ourselves in their shoes.
宾语补足语
宾语补足语
主语；表语
谓语；地点状语
宾语；定语
二、八种基本句型
1. 主语＋谓语（S＋V）
这种句型结构中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语），其后不能直接
跟宾语，也没有被动语态。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状
态。 常见的不及物动词（短语）有rise、 matter、 begin、 come、
go、 happen、 appear、 work、 come true、 take place等。
is rising.谓语
太阳正在升起。
is crying.谓语
小男孩正在哭泣。
2. 主语＋谓语＋宾语（S＋V＋O）
（1）这种句型结构中的谓语动词必须是及物动词（短语），一般
有被动语态。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定
式、动词-ing形式或从句等。
also show谓语
that they dislike talking to others.宾语
他们的回答也显示出他们不喜欢和别人说话。
won谓语 a medal宾语 for his great courage.
大卫因其伟大的勇气而获得一枚奖章。
（2）在“动词＋介词”的动词短语中，宾语只能放在介词之后；在
“动词＋副词”的动词短语中，作宾语的名词放于副词前后皆
可；作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。
Please wake Li Ling up （＝wake up Li Ling） at 6：30 in the
morning.（√）
Please wake her up at 6：30 in the morning.（√）
Please wake up her at 6：30 in the morning.（×）
3. 主语（＋系动词）＋表语（S＋P）
这种句型结构中的谓语动词为系动词，无被动语态，也无进行时
态。常见的系动词有be动词，还有感官系动词（sound、 look、
smell、 taste、 feel）、变化系动词（become、 get、 grow、 turn、
go、 fall、 run）、持续系动词（remain、 keep、 hold、 stay）、表
象系动词（seem、 appear、 look）等。表语由名词、形容词、介词
短语、分词、动词不定式或从句充当。
were系动词
born here.表语
林肯的四个儿子中有三个出生在这里。
It 主语 was系动词 sweet and fresh.表语
它又甜又新鲜。
He主语 became 系动词 a teacher表语 of English.
他成了一名英语教师。
She主语 looked 系动词 a little annoyed.表语
她看上去有点生气。
4. 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语（S＋V＋IO＋DO）
这种句型结构中的及物动词后跟双宾语，指人的宾语称为间接宾
语，指物的宾语称为直接宾语。通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在
后，也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，但间接宾语前需用介词for或
to。间接宾语之前用介词to的常见动词有give、 tell、 teach、
write、 bring、 lend、 hand、 show、 offer、 send、 pay、 order等。
间接宾语之前用介词for的常见动词有buy、 fetch、 save、 choose、
sing等。
He 主语 bought谓语 me间接宾语 a birthday present.直接宾语
＝He bought a birthday present for me.
他给我买了一件生日礼物。
I 主语 showed谓语 him间接宾语 my pictures.直接宾语
＝I showed my pictures to him.
我给他看我的照片。
5. 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语（S＋V＋O＋C）
该句型结构中的宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语
或非谓语动词等充当。该句型常用于三类动词：
（1）使役动词：keep、 make、 let、 have、 leave、 get等；
（2）感官动词或短语：see、 watch、 notice、 observe、 find、
catch、 hear、 feel、 smell、 look at、 listen to等；
（3）其他动词：ask、 tell、 order、 request、 permit、
persuade 等。
Mike主语 told谓语 me宾语 not to go 宾语补足语 [now].状语
迈克告诉我不要现在走。
They主语 painted谓语 the door宾语 green.宾语补足语
他们把门刷成了绿色。
6. 主语＋谓语＋状语（S＋V＋A）
该句型结构中的谓语通常为不及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作
状语，修饰或说明谓语。
They主语 talked谓语 [for half an hour].状语
他们谈了半个小时。
The time主语 passed谓语 [quickly].状语
时光飞逝。
7. 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语（S＋V＋O＋A）
该句型结构中的谓语通常为及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状
语，修饰或说明谓语。
The boy主语 needs谓语 a mobile phone宾语 [very much].状语
这个男孩十分需要一部手机。
I 主语 waited for谓语 him宾语 [at the school gate].状语
我在学校门口等他。
8. There be句型
There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人，基本结构为“There
is/are/was/were ...＋地点状语”。谓语动词有时可用表示存在的其他
动词（短语），如live、 stand、 lie、 seem/appear to be （好像
有）、 happen to be （碰巧有）、 used to be （曾经有） 等。
There is a piano in my study.
在我的书房里有一架钢琴。
There are 56 students in my class.
在我的班里有56名学生。
【即时演练2】 写出下列句子所属的句型结构
①This kind of food tastes terrible.
②He studies hard.
③There are many places of interest worth visiting.
④He made me very angry.
⑤I visited many places of interest with my family last week.
⑥Tom will bring me several English books tomorrow.
S＋P
S＋V＋A
There be句型
S＋V＋O＋C
S＋V＋O＋A
S＋V＋IO＋DO
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
look forward to 盼望；期待（to为介词）
【教材原句】 Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange
student.
汤姆正盼望着迎接这名新交换生。
含介词to的短语
pay attention to 注意
be used to 习惯于
lead to 导致
get down to 着手处理
live up to 不辜负；达到；符合
【用法】
【佳句】 In a word， we are looking forward to attending your class，
where we can take the chance to improve our oral English.
总之，我们期待着上您的课，在那里我们可以借此机会提高我们的英
语口语。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I am looking forward to your （join） us and wish you a
wonderful time.
②As an exchange student， I really have no idea how to get used
to （live） in the new surroundings.
joining
living
【写美】 完成句子
③ as soon as possible.
（求助信）
我期待着尽快收到你的来信。
I’m looking forward to hearing from you
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
写出下列句中画线部分所作的句子成分。
1. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.
2. In the end， the train arrived.
3. His confidence enabled him to finish the task successfully.
（直接）宾语
谓语
宾语补
足语
4. The class teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday.
5. Our school set up a new club.
6. This book gives me some ideas on how to make friends.
7. I feel it our duty to serve the people heart and soul.
8. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.
9. We must get together again some day.
10. If I am not busy tomorrow， I will play football with you.
宾语补足语
谓语
（直接）宾语
宾语
主语
状语
状语
11. They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful
works carefully.
12. A farmer told us how to pick oranges.
状语
（间接）宾语
维度二：语法与写作
用给出的句子结构翻译下列句子。
1. 这个领域的一位著名教授将就如何保护我们的环境给我们作讲座。
（主语＋谓语＋宾语）
2. 在不久的将来，你会发现你的学校生活丰富多彩， 并且有趣。（主
语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
A famous professor in this field will give us a lecture on how to
protect our environment.
You will find your school life colourful and interesting in the near
future.
3. 现在这种活动在中学里变得很受欢迎。（主语＋系动词＋表语）
4. 我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。（主语＋谓语＋宾语）
5. 奶奶昨晚送给我一个非常漂亮的玩具娃娃。（主语＋谓语＋间接宾
语＋直接宾语）
6. 每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。（主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾
语补足语）
Nowadays this activity is becoming very popular in high schools.
We haven’t decided when to discuss the problem again.
Granny gave me a very beautiful doll last night.
Every morning we can hear him read English aloud.
7. 早睡早起对你的健康有益。（主语＋系动词＋表语，动词-ing短语
作主语）
8. 美国的历史开始于此。（主语＋谓语＋状语）
9. 你会发现英语容易学。（主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
10. 一切都会好起来的。（主语＋系动词＋表语）
Going to bed early and getting up early are good for your health.
The history of America began here.
You will find English easy to learn.
Everything will be all right.
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，分析并写出画线部分的句子结构。
1. My parents love me very much.However，they like making almost all
decisions for me.They choose schools and subjects for me.Sometimes
even the daily timetables have to be decided by them.In my opinion，
2.deciding everything for children does not help them but harm them in
many ways.Firstly，3.it will make children less confident，4.which is
useless to their development.Secondly，in many cases parents don’t care
about children’s personal ideas and interests，5.which will influence
their growth greatly.As a result，6.a lot of children are complaining！I
do believe to grow to be independent is a natural way for
everybody.7.Parents should give us chances to make our decisions.They
may help us make choices instead of replacing us to do it.After all，
8.there are a lot of things for us to explore by ourselves.
答案：1.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 2.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 3.
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 4.主语＋系动词＋表语 5.主语
＋谓语＋宾语＋状语
6. 主语＋谓语 7.主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
8. There be句型
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·山东六校高一下学期联考）Today was my first day at senior
high school and it was hard.In high school， you have 4 minutes to get to
your next class.My high school is very big and those 4 minutes to go from
one class to another really isn’t a lot of time.Today I had to go from one
end of the building to the other to get from science class to maths class.I
wanted to go to my locker first and leave my science book there， but that
took time.I was worried about being late， and I was.The maths teacher
said，“Just be on time tomorrow， or you’ll have detention （放学后留
校）.”
After maths， I went to art class.I like my art class a lot because I like
creating things.The teacher there showed us how to make portraits （肖
像）.He explained，“A portrait is a way of communicating with a
person.It does not just show how the person looks but what is important to
understand the person.” We just did drawings today， but I know it’s going
to be great.I like drawing.
I like my English class， too.I think the teacher is really
supportive.Today we wrote about ourselves.We could write a paragraph or
a poem， and I wrote a poem about myself.I thought it was a good poem，
and the teacher said I had used good images （意象） to communicate my
feelings.
Lunch was very hurried.I arrived at the dining room with 12 minutes
to eat.I sat with people I didn’t know， and everyone was eating
quickly.After lunch I signed up for a computer club.I need to learn how to
use a computer well because my social studies teacher says it is the one
skill you need in every class.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在高中第一天的学
习与生活。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在高中第一天的学
习与生活。
1. What happened to the author after science class？
A. He lost his science textbook.
B. He got lost on the campus.
C. He was late for maths class.
D. He was given detention.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的I was worried about being
late， and I was.The maths teacher said， “Just be on time tomorrow，
or you’ll have detention （放学后留校）.”可知，由于课间时间太
短，作者上数学课时迟到了。
2. What did the author think of his art class？
A. Difficult. B. Enjoyable.
C. Boring. D. Easy.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的I like my art class a lot
because I like creating things.以及We just did drawings today，
but I know it’s going to be great.I like drawing.可知，作者很喜
欢上美术课。
3. What did the English teacher do after seeing the author’s work？
A. He praised the author.
B. He pointed out the author’s mistakes.
C. He asked the author to check punctuation.
D. He encouraged the author to introduce himself.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的the teacher said I had used
good images （意象） to communicate my feelings 可知，英语老师表
扬了作者创作的诗歌，认为他在运用意象表达情感方面做得不错。
4. Which can be the best title for the text？
A. Learn Useful Skills in High School
B. My New Teachers in High School
C. Make Plans for High School Life
D. My First Day in High School
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者在高
中第一天的学习与生活。因此D项（我在高中的第一天）为文章最
佳标题。
B
（2024·常州高一下学期质检）Australian teenagers are missing
important， basic kitchen skills and it’s having a negative influence on
their health.It’s also leading our next generation towards increased rates of
obesity， according to the findings of a survey.
A national survey of 1，006 parents found that： Close to half of all
12－18-year-olds can’t boil an egg； 1 in 5 only have kitchen skills that
allow them to pour milk on cereal； 42 percent can’t boil noodles； 83.9
percent don’t know how to roast a chicken； 60.1 percent can’t bake a
potato.
Research company Pureprofile asked parents to judge how well their
kids could perform in the kitchen across some tasks.
More than half （67.3 percent） of parents believe their children
could do better when it comes to healthy food and lifestyle
knowledge.Close to half of parents （42.5 percent） believe poor food
choices are caused by lack of education at middle school， with 9 in 10
parents in support of schools doing more to encourage a healthy lifestyle.
Miriam Raleigh， a middle school teacher， said she was already
seeing a generation of young parents who had “no idea how to cook”.
“They depend on convenience （方便） meals and easy snacks and
those foods often have a higher fat and salt content which can lead to
obesity and a lot of health problems，” Ms Raleigh said.
The school’s Kitchen Garden program founder Stephanie Alexander
said that if more was not done to improve the situation we would be
heading towards a generation of fatter and more unhealthy kids.Ms
Alexander also said she would introduce her Kitchen Garden program into
middle schools so teenagers can learn the art of cooking food.
“I’m so proud of what we have achieved in the primary school and I
really believe we can have the same success in middle schools，” she said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚的一项调查发现，澳大利
亚大部分青少年的动手能力很差，主要体现在不会干厨房里一些很
基本的家务。
本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚的一项调查发现，澳大利
亚大部分青少年的动手能力很差，主要体现在不会干厨房里一些很
基本的家务。
5. What did the national survey find about Australian teenagers？
A. They don’t eat healthily.
B. They are poor at cooking.
C. They like convenience meals.
D. They are interested in cooking.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，这个调查发现，澳大
利亚大部分青少年在厨房的动手能力都很差，不会做一些很基本
的家务。
6. How does the author develop the first half of the text？
A. By telling some stories.
B. By giving some examples.
C. By offering some numbers.
D. By answering some questions.
解析： 推理判断题。根据前四段可知，作者主要通过列举一些
数字来展开说明和论述。
7. What did Miriam Raleigh try to express？
A. Her interest in easy snacks.
B. Her interest in health problems.
C. Her worry about the young teenagers.
D. Her worry about the unhealthy lifestyle.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第五、六段可知，Miriam Raleigh指
出，现在很多年轻父母们不会做饭，他们主要依靠方便食品，而长
期食用方便食品会导致一些健康问题。因此Miriam Raleigh主要表达
了对这种不健康生活方式的担忧。
8. How did Stephanie Alexander feel about her Kitchen Garden program？
A. Very worried.
B. Very confident.
C. A little doubtful.
D. A little surprised.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Stephanie Alexander对
她的“厨房花园”这一项目满怀信心。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
“I’m really busy，” said one teenage guy.“ 9 How can I possibly
do it all？” You can do it all， or at least most of it， if you’ll be more
careful with your time.As Benjamin Franklin put it， “Do you love life？
Then do not waste time； for that’s the stuff life is made of.”
10 Think about what you could do with an extra 7 hours per
week.Well， you know what？ I’m sure you’re wasting at least 7 to 20
hours each week and don’t even realise it.
Screens are the biggest time wasters — from the big flat-screen in the
living room to all the laptops， tablets， and smartphones littering the
house and beeping for attention every minute of the day.Relaxing after
school by spending a few minutes watching a funny clip on YouTube，
playing a game on your phone， or catching up with your friends on social
media is no big deal.Too much time spent with your nose in a screen，
however， is a total waste. 11
Do you know that the average US teen spends 9 hours using media
every day？ That’s 63 hours a week spent playing video games， texting，
sharing photos on Snapchat and Instagram， and above all watching
TV. 12 And then they complain that they don’t have time for anything.
Excessive screen time can cause eye damage as well as affect our
mood. 13 While it is impossible to completely escape the screen，
there are ways to reduce the time you place your eyes and brain under the
screen strain.
A. That’s why people do so.
B. So much to do； so little time.
C. Why are they so busy all the time？
D. This is more time than they spend sleeping.
E. Wouldn’t it be great if every day had 25 hours？
F. What’s worse， it can do harm to our mental health.
G. That’s an activity which is neither urgent nor important.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。我们花在电子屏幕上的时间越来越
多，作者认为这是一种巨大的浪费——我们必须减少屏幕时间。
本文是一篇说明文。我们花在电子屏幕上的时间越来越
多，作者认为这是一种巨大的浪费——我们必须减少屏幕时间。
9. B 根据上下文可知，这位青少年在抱怨事情多而时间少，故B项符
合语境。
10. E 下句提到每周多出7个小时，因此E项（如果每天有25个小时，
那不是很好吗？）符合语境。
11. G 上文指出每天花费大量时间在电子屏幕上是一种巨大的浪费，
G项是对此的进一步解释说明。
12. D 上文指出美国青少年每周花费大约63个小时在各种电子屏幕
上，这个时间显然超过了他们的睡眠时间。故D项符合语境。
13. F 上句指出过多的屏幕时间会伤害我们的视力、影响我们的心
情，F项进一步指出它还会影响到我们的心理健康。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Teacher Appreciation Week is celebrated in America in the first full
week of May， and is 14 teachers get the extra credit they
deserve.Whether you have a teacher， know a teacher， or 15 （be）
a teacher， there are endless ways to give a little extra support to teachers
and teachers’ organizations.Teaching is known to be 16 time-
consuming and challenging profession， so this week is our
chance 17 （say） thank you to those who play or have played such a
huge role in our lives.Who doesn’t have a great memory of a teacher who
inspired us in some way？
Teaching is one of the oldest 18 （profession） — in 561 BCE，
the first private teacher in history was one of the 19 （noble） men of
all time， Confucius.
Though the origins of Teacher Appreciation Week are somewhat
murky， it is clear that it was in 1944 20 an Arkansas school
teacher， Mattye White Woodridge， 21 （write） to politicians and
educational professionals about the demand for a day to appreciate
teachers.However， it wasn’t for nearly a decade until the idea 22
（introduce） to Congress by none other than Eleanor Roosevelt.In
1953， she was successful in 23 （convince） lawmakers to adopt
the day.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了美国教师节的来
历。
14. when 考查连词。这里从属连词when引导一个表语从句。
15. are 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句主语为you，且需要用一般
现在时，因此这里应用系动词are。
16. a 考查冠词。这里不定冠词a修饰后面的名词profession。
17. to say 考查非谓语动词。这里动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰
前面的名词chance。
本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了美国教师节的来
历。
18. professions 考查名词复数。前面的one of the暗示这里应用可数名
词profession的复数形式。
19. noblest 考查形容词的最高级。后面的介词短语of all time （有史
以来）暗示这里应用形容词的最高级形式。
20. that 考查强调句。it was in 1944 that an Arkansas school teacher ...
是一个强调句。
21. wrote 考查动词的时态。根据上下文语境可知，这里应用一般过
去时。
22. was introduced 考查动词的时态和语态。这里表示该想法“被介绍
给”国会，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。
23. convincing 考查非谓语动词。设空处前面是介词in，因此这里应
用动词-ing形式。
谢谢观看！
