Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
维度一：基础题型练
写出下列句中画线部分的短语类型。
1.We were passing by a boat house when we met her.
2.Two of my brother’s friends came to see him off.
3.She will explain quite clearly what she intends to do in the future.
4.Quite properly， she was punished.
5.He is inexperienced， but he is quite clever.
6.The fruit is good to eat.
7.The servant was afraid to wake up his master.
8.I didn’t need to answer the questions， which saved me a lot of trouble.
9.The cute boy wearing blue jeans is my brother.
10.Quite nervous， the man opened the letters.
维度二：利用括号中的词汇扩展下列句子
1.It was a chance for us to see animals.（great； all kinds of）
2.We should work harder to protect animals.（much； those； rare）
3.I am confident when I have to talk to different people.（quite）
4.When I was staying with a French family， I saw something unusual.（far more）
5.We are shocked by the tragedy. We condemn （谴责） terrorist attack and support your efforts to maintain national security. （greatly； strongly； firmly）
维度三：语法与语篇
使用本单元所学短语类型完成下面语段。
1. （我们学校的科学俱乐部） was established in 2020.It now has 55 members， including me.Our instructor is 2. （知识渊博，并且很负责）.We often carry out 3. （各种各样的实验）， which are 4. （有趣并有意义）.We all want to be a scientist to help our country 5. （更快地发展）.
维度四：用名词、形容词或副词短语扩展下面短文
When I was at senior high school， my family moved around a lot.As a result， I had to go to and meet .I believe those gave me .I find them in life.I often take part in .And now I run a social club with ， which raises for homeless people.Certainly， I use there.I like communicating with homeless people， giving them hope and love.
1.schools→
2.people→
3.experiences→
4.social skills→
5.useful→
6.activities→
7.friends→
8.money→
9.skills→
10.well→
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·聊城高一上学期期末考试）You may not know a lot of people when you start high school.Even if you know some freshmen， you still feel nervous that you don’t know any upperclassmen or teachers.How are you going to make friends among this sea of unknown faces？
Most high schools hold a freshman orientation before school actually starts， which is helpful not only because you can know your way around the building and get to meet some of your teachers， but also because you get to meet fellow freshmen.That way， when you show up on your first day of school， you may already recognise a few familiar faces.When you talk to your new classmates， you’ll probably find that a lot of them are feeling just like you are.They’re all new to the school and don’t know what to expect.Talking about a common concern with them can help you develop friendships.
The work in high school is something that freshmen are probably worried about.The work in high school builds on what you learnt in middle school， giving you a more advanced knowledge of many subjects.So you may find you have more work to do or that it’s a bit more challenging.If you ever find your work too difficult， teachers can give you extra help.
High school also has more extra-curricular activities than middle school does such as clubs， music and theatre groups and sports teams.This is a good time to explore your interests and try new things.
High school gives you the chance to learn how to manage your time， to develop your social skills and interests， and more importantly to be more independent and responsible.
1.What does the underlined word “orientation” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A.Training. B.Game.
C.Discussion. D.Examination.
2.What are freshmen probably worried about？
A.The freshman orientation.
B.The ability to make friends.
C.The relationship with teachers.
D.The learning tasks.
3.Extra-curricular activities mainly help students .
A.build up healthy bodies
B.develop friendships
C.develop new interests
D.improve their learning ability
4.Who is this passage written for？
A.Freshmen at high school.
B.Freshmen’s parents.
C.Middle school students.
D.Upperclassmen in high school.
B
（2024·沧州十校高一下学期月考）We all have a mental picture of who we are， how we look， what we’re good at， and what our weaknesses might be.We develop this picture over time， starting when we’re very young.The term self-image is used to refer to a person’s mental picture of himself or herself.A lot of our self-image is based on interactions （交往） we have with other people and our life experiences.This mental picture （our self-image） contributes to our self-esteem.
Self-esteem is all about how much we feel valued， loved， accepted， and thought well of by others — and how much we value， love， and accept ourselves.People with healthy self-esteem are able to feel good about themselves， appreciate their own worth， and take pride in their abilities， skills， and achievements.People with low self-esteem may feel as if no one will like them or accept them or that they can’t do well in anything.
Before a person can overcome self-esteem problems and build healthy self-esteem， it helps to know what might cause those problems in the first place.Two things in particular — how others see or treat us and how we see ourselves — can affect our self-esteem greatly.
Parents， teachers， and other authority figures（权威人物） affect the ideas we develop about ourselves — particularly when we’re little kids.If parents spend more time criticizing（批评） than praising a child， it can be harder for a kid to develop good self-esteem.Because teens are still forming their own values and beliefs， it’s easy to build self-image around what a parent， coach， or other person says.
Obviously， self-esteem can be damaged when someone whose acceptance is important （like a parent or teacher） always puts you down.But criticism doesn’t have to come from other people.Some teens also have an “inner critic”， a voice inside that seems to find fault with everything they do.Over time， listening to a negative inside voice can harm a person’s self-esteem just as much as if the criticism were coming from another person.
5.What do we learn about our self-image？
A.It affects our self-esteem.
B.It is built when we grow up.
C.It is a picture drawn by ourselves.
D.It has nothing to do with other people.
6.What’s the writer’s view on self-esteem problems？
A.They can hardly be overcome.
B.They are not caused by our teachers.
C.Only young people suffer from them.
D.They come from both others and ourselves.
7.Teens’ self-esteem is probably affected most by .
A.their friends B.their teachers
C.their parents D.their relatives
8.The underlined words “inner critic” in the last paragraph refer to something that .
A.helps one to make progress
B.gives one some encouragement
C.improves one’s self-esteem
D.damages one’s self-esteem
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·郑州高一上学期期末考试）At some point or another， every student brings home a poor grade on an assignment or a test. It is understandably difficult to see your student struggling and feeling badly about school， but here are several things you can do to help your child：
Be supportive， not angry. 9 When a bad grade comes home， resist the urge to shout or punish him or her. It’s understandable that you may feel concerned or angry， but your child probably feels as bad as you do.
10 Has your child had problems with this particular subject or skill in the past， or is this a new issue？ Talk with your child about what went wrong on the assignment or test. Does he or she understand what mistakes were made and how to correct them？
Look for signs elsewhere. 11 Consistent （一贯的） low grades and test scores， however， are worth investigating further. How is your child during study and homework sessions？ Does he or she take far more time than seems reasonable to complete work？ Do tests seem to make your child anxious？
Remind your child that failure is a part of life. Tell him or her that making mistakes is how we learn. 12 Let him or her know that you do not expect perfection， and that this is an opportunity to strive for improvement.
Focus on the future. 13 Instead， figure out the best way for your child to overcome any difficulties in order to earn a better grade next time. Be sure to involve your child when developing that plan of action.
A.Nothing is impossible.
B.Know what your child really needs.
C.Occasional bad grades happen to all students.
D.Share a story about your struggle and frustration.
E.Try not to think too much about a poor grade or test score.
F.Determine whether it’s a one-time problem or a deeper issue.
G.Let your child know that you’re there and you want to help him or her.
9. 10. 11.
12. 13.
Ⅲ.语法填空
The transition from childhood to the teenage years can be 14 difficult time.Hormones in the body can affect a young person’s emotions and moods.
As children grow they usually want to pull away from parents and develop their own personality.So， they may talk or act 15 （different） as a teenager.
For example， a 16-year-old girl who once enjoyed spending time with her family may choose 16 （stay） in her room alone.
17 these changes in behaviour and personality can be difficult， they are for the most part — a normal part of the teenage years.
A recent poll shows that many Americans do not recognise 18 （sign） of depression in their preteen and teenage children.
The C.S.Mott Children’s Hospital National Poll on Children’s Health 19 （involve） 819 adults in the United States.Researchers asked some parents about 20 （they） roles and the roles of schools in recognising youth depression.
In a story on the poll， the Reuters news agency reports that a majority of parents 21 （be） sure they would recognise depression in their preteen or teenager. However， two-thirds of parents admitted they had difficulty 22 （identify） “signs and symptoms of this mental health disorder”.
Sarah Clark is a co-director of the study.She notes these transitions can make 23 “challenging to understand a child’s emotional state” and “whether there is possible depression”.
14. 15. 16.
17. 18. 19.
20. 21. 22.
23.
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
基础知识自测
维度一
1.名词短语 2.名词短语 3.副词短语 4.副词短语
5.形容词短语 6.形容词短语 7.形容词短语 8.名词短语
9.名词短语 10.形容词短语
维度二
1.It was a great chance for us to see all kinds of animals.
2.We should work much harder to protect those rare animals.
3.I am quite confident when I have to talk to different people.
4.When I was staying with a French family， I saw something far more unusual.
5.We are greatly shocked by the tragedy. We strongly condemn terrorist attack and firmly support your efforts to maintain national security.
维度三
1.Our school’s Science Club
2.very knowledgeable and responsible
3.all kinds of experiments
4.interesting and meaningful
5.develop much more quickly
维度四
1.many different schools 2.many different people
3.interesting/different experiences 4.many social skills
5.really useful 6.a number of interesting activities
7.some of my friends 8.a lot of money
9.my social skills 10.pretty/quite well
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从新生培训大会、高中学业和课外活动三个方面向新生介绍了高中生活。
1.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知，freshman orientation可以帮助新生了解校园，认识老师和同学。由此可知，它类似于新生培训大会。因此，orientation指的是培训，与training的意思一致。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，高中的学业是新生们很可能会担心的一个方面。
3.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，高中的课外活动是让学生培养自己的兴趣爱好和尝试新事物的好机会。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要从新生培训大会、高中学业和课外活动三个方面向新生介绍了高中生活，再结合第一段中的You may not know a lot of people when you start high school.可推知，本文是针对高中新生写的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。自尊取决于两个方面：别人怎么看我们和我们怎么看自己。生活中很多人存在自尊问题，本文帮助我们认识自尊问题。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，我们对自我的身体意象是我们内心对自己想象的一种形象，它会极大地影响我们的自尊。
6.D 观点态度题。根据第三段可知，作者认为自尊问题不仅来自他人，也来自我们自身。
7.C 细节理解题。综合最后两段可知，在青少年价值观形成的过程中，他们身边的人对他们自尊的建立影响很大；而影响最大的人应该是他们的父母，因为作者在列举青少年周围影响他们的人物时，父母总是排在第一位。
8.D 词义猜测题。根据下文对画线部分词语的解释（a voice inside that seems to find fault with everything they do）可知，inner critic指人们内心一种对自己的自责。再根据下文可知，它会伤害我们的自尊。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。当孩子考试成绩不理想时，作为家长应该怎么办呢？
9.G 本段的主题是家长应该理解支持孩子，不要发火。故G项符合语境。
10.F 空后一句与F项正好表达了基本相同的意思，故F项符合语境。
11.C 空后的Consistent （一贯的） low grades与C项中的Occasional bad grades正好形成对比。
12.D 本段主题是告诉孩子失败是生活中的一部分，D项中的struggle and frustration与此主题吻合。
13.E 本段主题是聚焦未来，也就是不要只盯着眼前的不良成绩，故E项符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。从童年到青少年的过渡是一段非常重要的时期，父母应该密切关注这一变化过程。
14.a 考查冠词。这里的time是可数名词，a difficult time表示“一段困难的时期”。
15.differently 考查词形转换。设空处前面的talk or act是动词，因此这里填入一个副词来修饰它们。
16.to stay 考查非谓语动词。choose to do sth是固定表达，表示“选择做某事”。
17.While/Although/Though 考查状语从句。前后两个分句存在转折关系，因此这里填入While/Although/Though引导让步状语从句。
18.signs 考查名词复数。这里表示“迹象”，是可数名词，应用复数形式。
19.involved 考查动词的时态。根据下句的谓语动词asked可知，这里应用一般过去时。
20.their 考查代词。设空处后面的roles是名词，因此这里填入一个形容词性物主代词。
21.were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句主语为a majority of parents，因此这里填入系动词were。
22.identifying 考查非谓语动词。have difficulty （in） doing sth是一个固定用法。
23.it 考查代词。这里it作形式宾语，后面的动词不定式短语是真正的宾语。
5 / 5Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
短 语
1.Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.
2.The first week was a little confusing.
3.First， I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take.
4.My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I’m good at it.
5.The main purpose of the course is to help improve each student’s reading ability.
【我的发现】
1.句1中名词短语a really big challenge在句中作 ；
2.句2中形容词短语a little confusing在句中作 ；
3.句3中副词短语very carefully在句中作 ；
4.句4中名词短语advanced literature在句中作 ；
5.句5中名词短语The main purpose of the course在句中作 。
一、名词短语（Noun Phrase）
1.概念：指以一个名词为中心词构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词。
2.构成
限定词＋名词 the girl， two cars
限定词＋数词＋名词 the first week
限定词＋形容词（短语）＋名词 a beautiful girl，that handsome boy
限定词＋名词＋介词短语 a beautiful campus of my school
限定词＋描述性名词＋名词 my school life，some apple trees
名师点津
限定词包括以下几类：
3.功能
句法功能 例句
主语 I hope my advice will be helpful to you. 我希望我的建议对你有帮助。
表语 Obviously， it’s a challenging task for all of us. 显然，这对我们所有人来说都是一项具有挑战性的任务。
宾语 She bought her mother some flowers. 她给母亲买了一些花。
宾语 补足语 People considered him the best man for the job. 人们认为他是干这份工作的最佳人选。
名师点津
名词短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与名词短语中的中心词保持一致。
A number of books are on the desk.
许多书在桌子上。
The number of books is not large.
书的数量并不多。
【即时演练1】 写出下列句中画线的名词短语所作的句子成分，并注意其组成
①In a word， the results are quite interesting.
②I’m a bit worried about keeping up with the other students in my advanced course.
③David finally crossed the finish line and many strangers cheered for him.
④As for me， English is my favourite subject.
⑤We made him captain of our team.
⑥He got three gold medals at the Olympic Games.
⑦Therefore， we hope you， a native speaker， would like to give us some advice on how to write good English compositions.
⑧I found him a very patient teacher.
二、形容词短语（Adjective Phrase）
1.概念：指以一个形容词为中心词构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词。
2.构成
副词＋形容词 very suitable
形容词＋enough good enough
形容词＋介词短语 good for nothing
副词＋形容词＋介词短语 well worthy of praise
3.功能
句法功能 例句
定语 This is a most serious problem. 这是一个极其严重的问题。
表语 Your room is large and beautiful. 你的房间又大又漂亮。 The weather is fairly warm，so I’d like to have a walk. 天气相当暖和，因此我想出去走走。
宾语补 足语 What he said just now made me a little annoyed. 他刚才说的话让我有点生气。
状语 Much interested， he agreed to have a try. 他非常感兴趣，同意试一下。
【即时演练2】 写出下列句中画线的形容词短语所作的句子成分并分析其结构
①I am really content with the result.
②The noise has a very bad effect on our study.
③I know the work itself is very challenging.
④I think your answer correct and proper.
三、副词短语（Adverb Phrase）
1.概念：指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词。
2.构成
副词＋and/but/or＋副词 faster and faster
副词＋副词 pretty well
very/quite/a lot/ a little＋副词 very quickly
副词＋enough fast enough
3.功能
句法功能 例句
修饰动词 He studies English most slowly of the three. 三个人中，他学英语最慢。
修饰形容词 The coat is rather too small for her. 这件外套对她来说太小了。
修饰副词 He is ill extremely seriously with a bad cancer. 他患了严重的癌症，病情极其严重。
名师点津
副词enough在修饰形容词或副词构成形容词短语或副词短语时，一般放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。
【即时演练3】 写出下列句中画线部分的短语类型
①We should not speak so loudly in our school library.
②You speak English very fluently.
③The festival is one of the four largest ice and snow festivals in the world！
④Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.表语 2.表语 3.状语 4.宾语 5.主语
即时演练1
①主语 ②宾语；宾语 ③宾语 ④表语 ⑤宾语补足语
⑥宾语 ⑦同位语 ⑧宾语补足语
即时演练2
①表语；副词＋形容词＋介词短语 ②定语；副词＋形容词
③表语；副词＋形容词
④宾语补足语；形容词＋and＋形容词
即时演练3
①副词短语；名词短语 ②副词短语 ③名词短语
④形容词短语
4 / 4(共60张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Discovering Useful Structures
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
短 语
1. Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big
challenge.
2. The first week was a little confusing.
3. First， I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to
take.
4. My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature
because I like English and I’m good at it.
5. The main purpose of the course is to help improve each student’s
reading ability.
【我的发现】
1. 句1中名词短语a really big challenge在句中作 ；
2. 句2中形容词短语a little confusing在句中作 ；
3. 句3中副词短语very carefully在句中作 ；
4. 句4中名词短语advanced literature在句中作 ；
5. 句5中名词短语The main purpose of the course在句中作 。
表语
表语
状语
宾语
主语
一、名词短语（Noun Phrase）
1. 概念：指以一个名词为中心词构成的短语，在句中的功能相当
于名词。
限定词＋名词 the girl， two cars
限定词＋数词＋名词 the first week
限定词＋形容词（短语）
＋名词 a beautiful girl，that handsome boy
限定词＋名词＋介词短语 a beautiful campus of my school
限定词＋描述性名词＋名词 my school life，some apple trees
2. 构成
名师点津
限定词包括以下几类：
3. 功能
句法功能 例句
主语 I hope my advice will be helpful to you.
我希望我的建议对你有帮助。
表语 Obviously， it’s a challenging task for all of us.
显然，这对我们所有人来说都是一项具有挑战性的任务。
宾语 She bought her mother some flowers.
她给母亲买了一些花。
宾语补足语 People considered him the best man for the job.
人们认为他是干这份工作的最佳人选。
名师点津
名词短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与名词短语中的中心词保持
一致。
A number of books are on the desk.
许多书在桌子上。
The number of books is not large.
书的数量并不多。
【即时演练1】 写出下列句中画线的名词短语所作的句子成分，并
注意其组成
①In a word， the results are quite interesting.
②I’m a bit worried about keeping up with the other students in my
advanced course.
③David finally crossed the finish line and many strangers cheered for him.
④As for me， English is my favourite subject.
⑤We made him captain of our team.
⑥He got three gold medals at the Olympic Games.
主语
宾语；宾语
宾语
表语
宾语补足语
宾语
⑦Therefore， we hope you， a native speaker， would like to give us
some advice on how to write good English compositions.
⑧I found him a very patient teacher.
同位语
宾语补足语
二、形容词短语（Adjective Phrase）
1. 概念：指以一个形容词为中心词构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于
形容词。
2. 构成
副词＋形容词 very suitable
形容词＋enough good enough
形容词＋介词短语 good for nothing
副词＋形容词＋介词短语 well worthy of praise
3. 功能
句法功能 例句
定语 This is a most serious problem.
这是一个极其严重的问题。
表语 Your room is large and beautiful.
你的房间又大又漂亮。
The weather is fairly warm，so I’d like to have a walk.
天气相当暖和，因此我想出去走走。
句法功能 例句
宾语补 足语 What he said just now made me a little annoyed.
他刚才说的话让我有点生气。
状语 Much interested， he agreed to have a try.
他非常感兴趣，同意试一下。
【即时演练2】 写出下列句中画线的形容词短语所作的句子成分
并分析其结构
①I am really content with the result.
②The noise has a very bad effect on our study.
③I know the work itself is very challenging.
④I think your answer correct and proper.
表语；副词＋形容词＋介词短语
定语；副词＋形容词
表语；副词＋形容词
宾语补足语；形容词＋and＋形容词
三、副词短语（Adverb Phrase）
1. 概念：指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于
副词。
2. 构成
副词＋and/but/or＋副词 faster and faster
副词＋副词 pretty well
very/quite/a lot/a little＋副词 very quickly
副词＋enough fast enough
3. 功能
句法功能 例句
修饰动词 He studies English most slowly of the three.
三个人中，他学英语最慢。
修饰形容词 The coat is rather too small for her.
这件外套对她来说太小了。
修饰副词 He is ill extremely seriously with a bad cancer.
他患了严重的癌症，病情极其严重。
名师点津
副词enough在修饰形容词或副词构成形容词短语或副词短语时，
一般放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。
【即时演练3】写出下列句中画线部分的短语类型
①We should not speak so loudly in our school library.
②You speak English very fluently.
③The festival is one of the four largest ice and snow festivals in the world！
④Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
副词短语；名词短语
副词短语
名词短语
形容词短语
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
2
维度一：基础题型练
写出下列句中画线部分的短语类型。
1. We were passing by a boat house when we met her.
2. Two of my brother’s friends came to see him off.
3. She will explain quite clearly what she intends to do in the future.
名词短语
名词短语
副词短语
4. Quite properly， she was punished.
5. He is inexperienced， but he is quite clever.
6. The fruit is good to eat.
7. The servant was afraid to wake up his master.
8. I didn’t need to answer the questions， which saved me a lot of trouble.
9. The cute boy wearing blue jeans is my brother.
10. Quite nervous， the man opened the letters.
副词短语
形容词短语
形容词短语
形容词短语
名词短语
名词短语
形容词短语
维度二：利用括号中的词汇扩展下列句子
1. It was a chance for us to see animals.（great； all kinds of）
2. We should work harder to protect animals.（much； those； rare）
3. I am confident when I have to talk to different people.（quite）
It was a great chance for us to see all kinds of animals.
We should work much harder to protect those rare animals.
I am quite confident when I have to talk to different people.
4. When I was staying with a French family， I saw something unusual.
（far more）
5. We are shocked by the tragedy.We condemn （谴责） terrorist attack
and support your efforts to maintain national security.（greatly；
strongly； firmly）
When I was staying with a French family， I saw something far more
unusual.
We are greatly shocked by the tragedy.We strongly condemn terrorist
attack and firmly support your efforts to maintain national security.
维度三：语法与语篇
使用本单元所学短语类型完成下面语段。
1. （我们学校的科学俱乐部） was
established in 2020.It now has 55 members， including me.Our
instructor is 2. （知识渊博，
并且很负责）.We often carry out 3. （各
种各样的实验）， which are 4. （有趣
并有意义）.We all want to be a scientist to help our country
5. （更快地发展）.
Our school’s Science Club
very knowledgeable and responsible
all kinds of experiments
interesting and meaningful
develop much more quickly
维度四：用名词、形容词或副词短语扩展下面短文
When I was at senior high school， my family moved around a lot.As
a result， I had to go to and meet .I believe those
gave me .I find them in life.I often take part in
.And now I run a social club with ， which raises for
homeless people.Certainly， I use there.I like communicating
with homeless people， giving them hope and love.
答案：1.schools→
答案：1.schools→ many different schools
2. people→
3. experiences→
4. social skills→
5. useful→
6. activities→
7. friends→
8. money→
9. skills→
10. well→
many different people
interesting/different experiences
many social skills
really useful
a number of interesting activities
some of my friends
a lot of money
my social skills
pretty/quite well
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·聊城高一上学期期末考试）You may not know a lot of
people when you start high school.Even if you know some freshmen， you
still feel nervous that you don’t know any upperclassmen or teachers.How
are you going to make friends among this sea of unknown faces？
Most high schools hold a freshman orientation before school actually
starts， which is helpful not only because you can know your way around
the building and get to meet some of your teachers， but also because you
get to meet fellow freshmen.That way， when you show up on your first
day of school， you may already recognise a few familiar faces.When you
talk to your new classmates， you’ll probably find that a lot of them are
feeling just like you are.They’re all new to the school and don’t know what
to expect.Talking about a common concern with them can help you develop
friendships.
The work in high school is something that freshmen are probably
worried about.The work in high school builds on what you learnt in middle
school， giving you a more advanced knowledge of many subjects.So you
may find you have more work to do or that it’s a bit more challenging.If
you ever find your work too difficult， teachers can give you extra help.
High school also has more extra-curricular activities than middle
school does such as clubs， music and theatre groups and sports
teams.This is a good time to explore your interests and try new things.
High school gives you the chance to learn how to manage your time，
to develop your social skills and interests， and more importantly to be
more independent and responsible.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从新生培训大会、高中学
业和课外活动三个方面向新生介绍了高中生活。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从新生培训大会、高中学
业和课外活动三个方面向新生介绍了高中生活。
1. What does the underlined word “orientation” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Training. B. Game.
C. Discussion. D. Examination.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知，freshman
orientation可以帮助新生了解校园，认识老师和同学。由此可知，它
类似于新生培训大会。因此，orientation指的是培训，与training的
意思一致。
2. What are freshmen probably worried about？
A. The freshman orientation.
B. The ability to make friends.
C. The relationship with teachers.
D. The learning tasks.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，高中的学业是新
生们很可能会担心的一个方面。
3. Extra-curricular activities mainly help students .
A. build up healthy bodies
B. develop friendships
C. develop new interests
D. improve their learning ability
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，高中的课外活动是
让学生培养自己的兴趣爱好和尝试新事物的好机会。
4. Who is this passage written for？
A. Freshmen at high school.
B. Freshmen’s parents.
C. Middle school students.
D. Upperclassmen in high school.
解析： 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要从新生培训
大会、高中学业和课外活动三个方面向新生介绍了高中生活，再结
合第一段中的You may not know a lot of people when you start high
school.可推知，本文是针对高中新生写的。
B
（2024·沧州十校高一下学期月考）We all have a mental picture of
who we are， how we look， what we’re good at， and what our
weaknesses might be.We develop this picture over time， starting when
we’re very young.The term self-image is used to refer to a person’s mental
picture of himself or herself.A lot of our self-image is based on interactions
（交往） we have with other people and our life experiences.This mental
picture （our self-image） contributes to our self-esteem.
Self-esteem is all about how much we feel valued， loved，
accepted， and thought well of by others — and how much we value，
love， and accept ourselves.People with healthy self-esteem are able to
feel good about themselves， appreciate their own worth， and take pride
in their abilities， skills， and achievements.People with low self-esteem
may feel as if no one will like them or accept them or that they can’t do
well in anything.
Before a person can overcome self-esteem problems and build healthy
self-esteem， it helps to know what might cause those problems in the first
place.Two things in particular — how others see or treat us and how we see
ourselves — can affect our self-esteem greatly.
Parents， teachers， and other authority figures（权威人物） affect
the ideas we develop about ourselves — particularly when we’re little
kids.If parents spend more time criticizing（批评） than praising a child，
it can be harder for a kid to develop good self-esteem.Because teens are
still forming their own values and beliefs， it’s easy to build self-image
around what a parent， coach， or other person says.
Obviously， self-esteem can be damaged when someone whose
acceptance is important （like a parent or teacher） always puts you
down.But criticism doesn’t have to come from other people.Some teens
also have an “ ”， a voice inside that seems to find fault
with everything they do.Over time， listening to a negative inside voice
can harm a person’s self-esteem just as much as if the criticism were
coming from another person.
inner critic
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。自尊取决于两个方面：别人怎么看
我们和我们怎么看自己。生活中很多人存在自尊问题，本文帮助我
们认识自尊问题。
本文是一篇说明文。自尊取决于两个方面：别人怎么看
我们和我们怎么看自己。生活中很多人存在自尊问题，本文帮助我
们认识自尊问题。
5. What do we learn about our self-image？
A. It affects our self-esteem.
B. It is built when we grow up.
C. It is a picture drawn by ourselves.
D. It has nothing to do with other people.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，我们对自我的身体意象
是我们内心对自己想象的一种形象，它会极大地影响我们的自尊。
6. What’s the writer’s view on self-esteem problems？
A. They can hardly be overcome.
B. They are not caused by our teachers.
C. Only young people suffer from them.
D. They come from both others and ourselves.
解析： 观点态度题。根据第三段可知，作者认为自尊问题不仅
来自他人，也来自我们自身。
7. Teens’ self-esteem is probably affected most by .
A. their friends B. their teachers
C. their parents D. their relatives
解析： 细节理解题。综合最后两段可知，在青少年价值观形成
的过程中，他们身边的人对他们自尊的建立影响很大；而影响最大
的人应该是他们的父母，因为作者在列举青少年周围影响他们的人
物时，父母总是排在第一位。
8. The underlined words “inner critic” in the last paragraph refer to
something that .
A. helps one to make progress
B. gives one some encouragement
C. improves one’s self-esteem
D. damages one’s self-esteem
解析： 词义猜测题。根据下文对画线部分词语的解释（a voice
inside that seems to find fault with everything they do）可知，inner
critic指人们内心一种对自己的自责。再根据下文可知，它会伤害我
们的自尊。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·郑州高一上学期期末考试）At some point or another，
every student brings home a poor grade on an assignment or a test.It is
understandably difficult to see your student struggling and feeling badly
about school， but here are several things you can do to help your child：
Be supportive， not angry. 9 When a bad grade comes home，
resist the urge to shout or punish him or her.It’s understandable that you
may feel concerned or angry， but your child probably feels as bad as you
do.
10 Has your child had problems with this particular subject or
skill in the past， or is this a new issue？ Talk with your child about what
went wrong on the assignment or test.Does he or she understand what
mistakes were made and how to correct them？
Look for signs elsewhere. 11 Consistent （一贯的） low grades
and test scores， however， are worth investigating further.How is your
child during study and homework sessions？ Does he or she take far more
time than seems reasonable to complete work？ Do tests seem to make
your child anxious？
Remind your child that failure is a part of life.Tell him or her that
making mistakes is how we learn. 12 Let him or her know that you do
not expect perfection， and that this is an opportunity to strive for
improvement.
Focus on the future. 13 Instead， figure out the best way for your
child to overcome any difficulties in order to earn a better grade next
time.Be sure to involve your child when developing that plan of action.
A. Nothing is impossible.
B. Know what your child really needs.
C. Occasional bad grades happen to all students.
D. Share a story about your struggle and frustration.
E. Try not to think too much about a poor grade or test score.
F. Determine whether it’s a one-time problem or a deeper issue.
G. Let your child know that you’re there and you want to help him or her.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。当孩子考试成绩不理想时，作为家
长应该怎么办呢？
本文是一篇说明文。当孩子考试成绩不理想时，作为家
长应该怎么办呢？
10. F 空后一句与F项正好表达了基本相同的意思，故F项符合语境。
11. C 空后的Consistent （一贯的） low grades与C项中的Occasional
bad grades正好形成对比。
12. D 本段主题是告诉孩子失败是生活中的一部分，D项中的struggle
and frustration与此主题吻合。
13. E 本段主题是聚焦未来，也就是不要只盯着眼前的不良成绩，故
E项符合语境。
9. G 本段的主题是家长应该理解支持孩子，不要发火。故G项符合
语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The transition from childhood to the teenage years can be 14
difficult time.Hormones in the body can affect a young person’s emotions
and moods.
As children grow they usually want to pull away from parents and
develop their own personality.So， they may talk or act 15
（different） as a teenager.
For example， a 16-year-old girl who once enjoyed spending time
with her family may choose 16 （stay） in her room alone.
17 these changes in behaviour and personality can be difficult，
they are for the most part — a normal part of the teenage years.
A recent poll shows that many Americans do not recognise 18
（sign） of depression in their preteen and teenage children.
The C. S. Mott Children’s Hospital National Poll on Children’s
Health 19 （involve） 819 adults in the United States.Researchers
asked some parents about 20 （they） roles and the roles of schools
in recognising youth depression.
In a story on the poll， the Reuters news agency reports that a
majority of parents 21 （be） sure they would recognise depression in
their preteen or teenager.However， two-thirds of parents admitted they
had difficulty 22 （identify） “signs and symptoms of this mental
health disorder”.
Sarah Clark is a co-director of the study.She notes these transitions
can make 23 “challenging to understand a child’s emotional state” and
“whether there is possible depression”.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。从童年到青少年的过渡是一段非常
重要的时期，父母应该密切关注这一变化过程。
14. a 考查冠词。这里的time是可数名词，a difficult time表示“一段困
难的时期”。
15. differently 考查词形转换。设空处前面的talk or act是动词，因此
这里填入一个副词来修饰它们。
16. to stay 考查非谓语动词。choose to do sth是固定表达，表示“选择
做某事”。
本文是一篇说明文。从童年到青少年的过渡是一段非常
重要的时期，父母应该密切关注这一变化过程。
17. While/Although/Though 考查状语从句。前后两个分句存在转折关
系，因此这里填入While/Although/Though引导让步状语从句。
18. signs 考查名词复数。这里表示“迹象”，是可数名词，应用复数
形式。
19. involved 考查动词的时态。根据下句的谓语动词asked可知，这里
应用一般过去时。
20. their 考查代词。设空处后面的roles是名词，因此这里填入一个形
容词性物主代词。
21. were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句主语为a majority of
parents，因此这里填入系动词were。
22. identifying 考查非谓语动词。have difficulty （in） doing sth是一
个固定用法。
23. it 考查代词。这里it作形式宾语，后面的动词不定式短语是真正
的宾语。
谢谢观看！
