Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
维度一：品句填词
1.It is said that he b himself in the country to write a book last year.
2.I was doing an experiment in the lab when the e was off.
3.Around 540 million people are a by second-hand smoke， which causes 100，000 deaths per year.
4.Tom （营救） a boy from the river on his way home.
5.His bad habit （毁坏） his chance of having a bright future.
6.The local government is making every （努力） to help those affected in the flood.
7.When I was walking in the street， I saw a man （滑动） on a skateboard.
8.Millions of people offered help to the people in the （被淹没的） area.
9.Whenever a natural （灾难） occurs， soldiers are always ready to protect people’s lives.
维度二：词形转换
1.Thousands of people are missing； the number of （dead） is growing.
2.Though she went through so much （suffer）， she did not give in.
3.As far as I know， she is a woman of great （wise）.
4.It is a pity that the 500-year-old wooden tower （destroy） in the tsunami last year.
5.He sat at a wooden table， （bury） in reading English articles.
6.After the terrible landslide， the whole village lay in （ruin） and many volunteers came to the villagers’ rescue.
7.By the end of last week， the soldiers （rescue） 100 people.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.Don’t leave children （surf） the Internet for a long time on weekends.
2.He talks as if he （know） everything.
3.The terrible storm flooded the area， （ruin） our trip.
4.The typhoon did damage the area and caused 100 deaths.
5.These problems （很难解决）， so I am writing to turn to you for help.
6. （无论他去哪里旅行）， the man takes amazing photos of sights.
7.The party is （即将结束） and we are going to leave.
8. （三分之二的学生） have taken part in the physical activity.
维度四：课文语法填空
Several days before 28 July 1976， many strange things happened in Tangshan. The water in the village wells rose and fell. Deep cracks appeared in the well walls， and even 1. （smell） gas was coming out of one well. Some animals also had some unusual behaviour. But people in the city， 2. were asleep as usual that night， didn’t think much of these.
At 3：42 a.m.， one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century broke out. It destroyed the city and even caused damage in Beijing. In less than one minute， Tangshan 3. （lie） in ruins. The number of people who were killed or 4. （terrible） injured in the quake 5. （be） more than 400，000. Later that afternoon， another big quake struck Tangshan again. More buildings fell down. Water， food， and electricity were hard 6. （get）.
But all the hope wasn’t lost. Soon after the quakes， teams were organised to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. Many more people， 7. （include） workers and doctors， came to provide help. Through all the 8. （effort）， the city began to breathe again.
Today， 9. new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins， which has proved 10. the entire world that in times of disaster， people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
This morning my family and I went to a friend’s home to help her get things back in order.She was one of the unfortunate people whose home was recently destroyed by a tornado.One side of her home fell off and the roof was gone over a large part of the house.Torrential rain fell the rest of the night and all of the next day following the tornado， creating even more damage to her belongings.The home is a total loss.Still， there is much that is valuable， and our job today was to help her sort through the debris and find anything with actual value that she may want to take with her.
My husband helped to move furniture and other things to the storeroom while our two younger children helped clean up the yard.My oldest daughter and her boyfriend helped as well， and my another daughter with me swept up all of the areas of debris， sorting it for things that are important.We worked systematically， clearing the main living space first， then moving on to the kitchen， laundry area， then the master bedroom.
By the time we were done today， though there was no denying the home had met with disaster， we had gone far to restore order from the loss that had been there before.
My thought in entering the day was that our friend， who had been having trouble sleeping， was being affected by that loss negatively.I hoped that if we could restore order， she would finally start to feel some sense of peace and her mind would quiet and allow her the much-needed rest she so deserves.
She posted on Facebook just a little while ago that for the first time she was sleeping at night.For me， what a wonderful and deeply meaningful way to begin the New Year！
1.What does the underlined word “debris” in Paragraph 1 mean？
A.The dust caused by tornado.
B.Something that is valuable.
C.Something that the owner needs.
D.The remains of something destroyed.
2.How many children does the author have at least？
A.5. B.4. C.3. D.2.
3.What can we learn from the passage？
A.The author’s friend has no family.
B.The author’s family did much to restore order.
C.The author’s friend couldn’t sleep well owing to the loss.
D.The author’s family managed to help her friend rebuild a new house.
4.What’s the best title for the text？
A.A Way to Help Friends
B.The Love from Friends
C.The Loss after the Tornado
D.A Way to Welcome the New Year
B
The worst outbreak of desert locusts （蝗虫） in Kenya in 70 years has seen hundreds of millions of the bugs swarm into the East African nation from Somalia and Ethiopia.Those two countries have not had an infestation （侵扰） like this in a quarter-century， destroying farmland and threatening the region with serious hunger.
“Even cows are wondering what is happening，” said Ndunda Makanga， who spent hours Friday trying to chase the locusts from his farm.“Corn， sorghum， cowpeas， they have eaten everything.”
“Even a small swarm of the insects can consume enough food for 35，000 people in a single day，” said Jens Laerke of the UN humanitarian office in Geneva.
About 70，000 hectares — 172，973 acres — of land in Kenya are attacked.A single swarm can contain up to 150 million locusts per square kilometer of farmland — an area the size of almost 250 football fields， authorities say.
“We must act immediately，” said David Phiri of the UN Food and Agricultural Organization.
About $70 million is needed to step up aerial pesticide （杀虫剂） spraying， the only effective way to fight them， the UN says.That won’t be easy， especially in Somalia.
Astonished by the finger-length insects， children dash here and there， waving blankets to shake the locusts free.Farmers are afraid to let their cattle out for grazing， and their crops are in danger， but there is little they can do.
One especially large swarm in northeastern Kenya measured 60 kilometers long by 40 kilometers wide （37 miles long by 25 miles wide）.
“The locals are really scared because they can consume everything，” said Francis Kitoo， deputy director of agriculture in southeastern Kenya’s Kitui county.“I’ve never seen such a big number.” He expressed his own concern about the locusts. “They will lay eggs and start another generation，” he said.
5.What did Ndunda Makanga want to express about the outbreak of locusts？
A.It’s very serious.
B.It’s very surprising.
C.It happens frequently.
D.It leads to heavy losses.
6.How does the author describe the outbreak of locusts？
A.By telling some stories.
B.By providing some facts.
C.By listing some numbers.
D.By giving some examples.
7.How did the farmers react to the big number of locusts？
A.They were very brave.
B.They let their cattle out.
C.They sprayed pesticide.
D.They were helpless indeed.
8.What’s Francis Kitoo’s attitude towards the future？
A.Worried. B.Confused.
C.Confident. D.Disappointed.
Ⅱ.完形填空
No one had called me Melissa in months. 9 my name was something I took for granted （想当然） before the pandemic.But now I wasn’t 10 time with my friends who know me as Melissa.I had been 11 with my two children for months.
Something happened when I 12 hearing my name， though.Before I became Mama， I was Melissa.“We 13 the name， and there were no other Melissas.It was special，” my mom said.Then I 14 kindergarten， and there were three Melissas in my class.From that moment until the start of middle school， I was Melissa S.
Even though I didn’t love adding a letter to my name in school， I never thought about 15 my name.Even as a grown-up， I have never thought a different name would 16 me better.I am Melissa， and my name is a big part of my identity （身份）.Except during the pandemic， when a big part of myself went 17 .
After a few months at home， I 18 to do something just for me.I 19 for a writing class.
On the first day， the instructor began class by 20 us all by name and introducing our first task.“I want you to start by writing ‘Right now， I am，’and then continue with whatever 21 that，” she said.
Ten minutes later， she asked us to begin 22 .
“Melissa， we’ll start with you，” my teacher said.
“Right now， I am happy，” I said.“I’m happy to be writing， and 23 happy to hear my name.”
9.A.Hearing B.Giving
C.Choosing D.Keeping
10.A.saving B.spending
C.fixing D.wasting
11.A.at school B.at work
C.at war D.at home
12.A.enjoyed B.forgot
C.stopped D.finished
13.A.mentioned B.considered
C.loved D.accepted
14.A.left B.began
C.picked D.avoided
15.A.changing B.using
C.losing D.hiding
16.A.serve B.help
C.fit D.know
17.A.wrong B.missing
C.nervous D.crazy
18.A.decided B.regretted
C.waited D.agreed
19.A.got up B.stood up
C.made up D.signed up
20.A.teaching B.surprising
C.questioning D.calling
21.A.proves B.develops
C.follows D.joins
22.A.preparing B.sharing
C.exercising D.discussing
23.A.especially B.usually
C.probably D.generally
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
基础知识自测
维度一
1.buried 2.electricity 3.affected 4.rescued 5.ruined
6.effort 7.sliding 8.flooded 9.disaster
维度二
1.deaths 2.suffering 3.wisdom 4.was destroyed
5.buried 6.ruins 7.had rescued
维度三
1.surfing 2.knew 3.ruining 4.to 5.are hard to solve 6.Wherever he travels 7.coming to an end
8.Two thirds of the students
维度四
1.smelly 2.who 3.lay 4.terribly 5.was 6.to get
7.including 8.efforts 9.a 10.to
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。朋友家不幸遭遇龙卷风袭击，作者一家在新年这一天去帮助朋友收拾残局。
1.D 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后两句可知，作者和家人在整理龙卷风席卷后残留的碎片，并从中找出有价值的东西。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 our two younger children、 My oldest daughter和my another daughter可知，作者至少有四个孩子。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可知，作者和家人为恢复正常的秩序做了很多事。
4.D 标题归纳题。根据全文内容及作者最后点题的一句话For me，what a wonderful and deeply meaningful way to begin the New Year！可知，D项为文章最佳标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了肯尼亚遭受的一场规模空前的蝗灾袭击。
5.A 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，Ndunda Makanga提到“甚至牛也不知所措”以及“蝗虫的无所不食”，充分说明了这次蝗灾的严重性。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第三至八段可知，作者主要通过列数字的方式来说明这次蝗灾的严重程度。
7.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，面对铺天盖地的蝗虫，农民们束手无策。
8.A 观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，Francis Kitoo说他从没看到过如此多的蝗虫，并表示最大的担心是这些蝗虫将繁殖出下一代蝗虫。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者与外界隔绝太久，她渴望听到别人叫自己的名字。报名参加一个写作班使她的愿望得以实现。
9.A 根据上文No one had called me Melissa in months.和下文hearing my name， though可知，好几个月作者都没有听到别人叫她的名字。
10.B 根据下文with my two children for months 可知，流行病期间，作者没有花时间跟朋友们在一起，而是跟孩子们在家。
11.D 参见上题解析。
12.C 根据上文No one had called me Melissa in months.可知，作者没有再听到别人叫她的名字。
13.C 根据母亲所说的话It was special可知，她应该是喜欢Melissa，才给作者起了这个名字。
14.B 根据下文there were three Melissas in my class可知，这里指作者开始上幼儿园。
15.A 根据语境可知，作者从幼儿园开始到中学，一直被别人叫作Melissa S，但即便如此，她也从未想过要换名字。
16.C 作者之所以不换名字，是因为她觉得Melissa最适合她。
17.B 根据第一段内容可知，流行病期间，没人喊作者的名字，所以作者觉得她自己的一部分缺失了。
18.A 根据下文作者对第一节写作课的描述可知，她决定为自己做点事，于是报名参加了写作班。
19.D 参见上题解析。
20.D 根据下文中的all by name可知，在第一节课上，老师用名字称呼每一个学员。
21.C 根据上文start by和continue with 可知，老师让学员以Right now， I am开头写作，随后想写什么就写什么。
22.B 根据下文作者读自己的作品可知，布置完任务十分钟后，老师让学员分享他们写好的作品。
23.A 根据全文可知，由于流行病，作者好久没有听到别人叫她的名字，她非常渴望再次听到别人叫她的名字。写作课上她的愿望得以实现，所以她当天很开心，特别是听到别人叫她的名字。
5 / 5Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP
Strange things were happening in the countryside① of northeastern Hebei.For several days， the water in the village wells rose and fell， rose and fell.There were deep cracks②[1] that appeared in the well walls.At least one well had some smelly gas③ [2]coming out of it.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to④ eat， and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of⑤ the fields [3]looking for places to hide， and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3：00 a.m.， on 28 July 1976， bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people were asleep as usual⑥ that night.
[1]此处是由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词cracks，that在从句中作主语，不能省略。
[2]此处是动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰gas。
[3]此处是动词-ing短语作伴随状语。
At 3：42 a.m.， everything began to shake.It seemed as if⑦ the world were coming to an end⑧ ！ Eleven kilometres directly below the city， one of the most deadly⑨ earthquakes of the 20th century had begun， a quake that even caused damage⑩ more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it！ A huge crack， eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide， cut across houses， roads， and waterways .Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than one minute， a large city lay in ruins .Two thirds of the people [4]who lived there were dead or injured.Thousands of children were left without parents.The number of people [5]who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.
[4][5]两句都是由关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people， who在从句中作主语。
[6]Everywhere survivors looked， there was nothing but ruins.Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings， 90 percent of its homes， and all of its hospitals were gon.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves， but no wind could blow them awa.Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal .Tens of thousands of cows， hundreds of thousands of pigs， and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were in shock — and then， later that afternoon， another big quake shook Tangshan again.Even more buildings fell down.Water， food， and electricity were hard to get.People began to wonder [7]how long the disaster would last.
[6]此处是由从属连词everywhere引导的地点状语从句。
[7]此处是由how long引导的宾语从句。
But hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes， the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trappe and to bury the dea.More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical car.Workers built shelters for survivors [8]whose homes had been destroyed.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.Water and food were brought into the city by train， truck， and plane.Slowly， the city began to breathe again.
[8]此处是由关系代词whose引导的定语从句，修饰先行词survivors，whose在从句中作定语修饰homes。
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet .With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people， a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.The new city has become a home to more than seven million people， with great improvements in transportation， industry， and environment.Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster， people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
【读文清障】
①in the countryside 在农村
②crack n.裂纹；裂缝
vi.& vt.（使）破裂
③gas n.气体；燃气；汽油
④too ...to ...太……而不能……
⑤run out of 从……跑出来；用光
⑥as usual 像往常一样
than usual 比往常……
⑦as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
⑧come to an end 结束
⑨deadly adj.致命的；死一般的
⑩cause damage 造成损失/损害
cut across 横穿；抄近路穿过
waterway n.水路；航道
less than 少于
more than 多于；不仅仅是；非常
ruin n.& vt.破坏；毁坏
in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
thousands of 成千上万的
hundreds of thousands of
数十万的
be left 使处于……状态
the number of ……的数量
badly adv.非常；严重地
survivor n.幸存者；生还者
nothing but 只有；只；仅仅
percent n.百分之……
adj.& adv.每一百中
gone adj.不复存在的；一去不复返的
brick n.砖；砖块
blow away 刮走；吹走
track n.轨道；跑道
keep track of
了解；与……保持联系
metal n.金属
shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊
in shock 震惊；吃惊
electricity n.电；电能
dig out 挖出；挖掘
trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套
n.险境；陷阱
bury vt.埋葬；安葬
the dead 死者；逝者
medical care 医疗护理
breathe vi.& vt.呼吸
revive vt.& vi.复活；（使）苏醒
on one’s feet 恢复健康；站立着
support n.支持
effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
in times of 在……时期
unify vi.& vt.统一；（使）成一体
wisdom n.智慧；才智
positive adj.积极的；肯定的；乐观的
stay positive 保持乐观
【参考译文】
地球的不眠之夜
河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。井壁上出现深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼亮光，接着又传出巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上城里的百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡在梦乡。
凌晨3：42，万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市正下方的11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重之一的一场地震爆发了，远在150多千米以外的北京都受到这场地震的破坏，全国几乎三分之一的地区均有震感！一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路；坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。
幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，万物尽毁。市内大约75%的工厂和大楼，90%的住所和所有的医院都倒塌了。砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁不是坍塌了，就是无法安全通行了；铁轨变成了废金属块；数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死掉了。沙子灌满水井，井水消失殆尽。人们惊恐万状，接着临近傍晚时分，又一场强烈的地震撼动唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了，水、食物和电很难获得。人们心里开始疑惑这场灾难还会持续多久。
然而，希望尚存。地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。上万名医疗工作者赶到现场，救死扶伤。工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起避难所，数十万的群众获得了帮助，火车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了食物和饮用水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。
唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山向中国、向世界证明，在自然灾害中，人们必须勠力同心，保持积极乐观的心态和重建家园的决心。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Match the main idea with each paragraph
Para.1 A.The earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan.
Para.2 B.The earthquake happened and caused deaths and injuries in Tangshan.
Para.3 C.Help came soon after the quakes.
Para.4 D.Strange things happened before the earthquake.
Para.5 E.Tangshan came back to life again.
2.What’s the main idea of the passage？
The passage is mainly about .
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What’s the first paragraph mainly about？
A.Some unusual signs before the earthquake.
B.Some strange things during the earthquake.
C.A simple introduction to the city of Tangshan.
D.A simple introduction to the Tangshan earthquake.
2.How does the author show the seriousness of the earthquake in the text？
A.By telling some stories.
B.By using some numbers.
C.By quoting some experts.
D.By describing some events.
3.What does the author mean by saying “the city began to breathe again”？
A.The city was rebuilt very quickly.
B.Food and supplies came very quickly.
C.Medical workers came gradually.
D.The city returned to normal gradually.
4.What has Tangshan city proved to the world according to the last paragraph？
A.We should work hard and be kind.
B.We should be caring and help others.
C.We should stay positive and unite as one.
D.We should keep trying and never give up.
第三步：品佳句妙笔生辉
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence with a simile （明喻）.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence with a metaphor （暗喻）.
3.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences with a personification （拟人）.
第四步：抒己见提升思维
1.What should we do in the face of an earthquake？
2.What can we learn from a natural disaster？
第五步：辨难句拆分解读
1.Eleven kilometres directly below the city， one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun， a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
句式分析
自主翻译
2.Soon after the quakes， the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
句式分析
自主翻译
3.Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster， people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
句式分析
自主翻译
核心词汇集释
ruin n.& vt.破坏；毁坏
【教材原句】 In less than one minute， a large city lay in ruins.
在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。
【用法】
（1）be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭
（2）ruin one’s hope/health/plan破坏某人的希望/健康/计划
【佳句】 When we reached the destination， we saw an old temple lying in ruins.
当我们到达目的地时，我们看到了一座成为废墟的古庙。
【写美】 完成句子
①Heavy smoking ， so you’d better give up smoking.
吸烟过量损害你的健康，因此你最好戒烟。
② after the earthquake， which made us awake all night.
地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜难眠。
shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊
【教材原句】 People were in shock — and then， later that afternoon， another big quake shook Tangshan again. 人们惊恐万状，接着临近傍晚时分，又一场强烈的地震撼动唐山。
【用法】
（1）a great shock to sb 对某人来说是极大的
震惊
in shock 震惊；吃惊
to one’s shock 令某人震惊的是
（2）shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth 震惊地做某事
（3）shocking adj. 令人震惊的
【佳句】 To my shock， memory flooded back when I visited the stadium once again. （读后续写之心理描写）
令我震惊的是，当我重游体育馆时，回忆涌上了心头。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Jane was shocked （find） that she was lost in the forest and she couldn’t help crying.
②The news of his sudden death is so that everyone is greatly at it.（shock）
③Hearing the story her mom told her， she wore a （shock） expression.
【写美】 完成句子
④When he finally came to himself， he ， knowing nothing about the accident.
当他终于苏醒过来时，他震惊地看着我们，对事故一无所知。
trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱
【教材原句】 Soon after the quakes， the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
【用法】
be trapped in 困在……中；陷在……中
trap sb into （doing） sth 诱使某人（做）某事
【佳句】 The lift broke down and we were trapped inside （it）.
电梯出故障了，我们被困在里面了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He trapped me cheating in the important examination.
②The rescue team （trap） in the burning building.
bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心
【用法】
（1）be buried under/in ... 被埋在……
bury one’s face/head in one’s hands
双手掩面/捂头
（2）埋头于/专心于……
【佳句】 ①She buried her face in her hands and cried when she heard the bad news. （读后续写之动作描写）
当听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。
②It’s time to bury our differences and be friends again.
是我们摈弃分歧重归于好的时候了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
① （bury） in his study， he didn’t notice that his classmates had left.
②Nowadays family members are often found （bury） in their own smartphones.
【写美】 一句多译
③玛丽埋头于她的毕业论文，没有时间做兼职工作。
→ her graduation paper， Mary has no time to do a part-time job.
→ her graduation paper， Mary has no time to do a part-time job.
breathe vi.& vt.呼吸
【教材原句】 Slowly， the city began to breathe again.
慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。
【用法】
（1）breathe in/out 吸气/呼气
（2）breath n. 呼气；呼吸
breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的
【佳句】 Her smile is a breath of fresh air in this gloomy office.
她的微笑给沉闷的办公室带来生气。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The morning air in the quiet village is good （breath）.
【写美】 完成句子
②Take a deep breath and then when I tell you to.
深吸一口气，我告诉你时再呼气。
effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
【教材原句】 With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people， a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。
【用法】
with effort 费力地
make an effort to do sth 努力做某事
spare no effort（s） （to do sth） 不遗余力（做某事）
【佳句】 With joint efforts， I believe that we are sure to make the world a better place.
在共同的努力下，我相信我们一定会让世界变得更美好。
【写美】 完成句子
① I will those students who are in trouble.
我将尽全力帮助那些处在困境中的同学。
②The government is determined to homeless people.
政府决定不遗余力地为无家可归者修建收容所。
suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
【教材原句】 Some were found alive， though they were suffering from terrible injuries ...
一些人被发现还活着，尽管他们受了重伤……
【用法】
（1）suffer from ... 患……病；因……而受苦
（2）suffer losses/pains 遭受损失/痛苦
（3）suffering n. 苦难，痛苦
sufferer n. 受难者
【佳句】 It’s common knowledge that as we get older， we are suffering from loss of memory.
众所周知，随着年龄的增长，我们会遭受记忆力减退的困扰。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①A lot of money has been collected to help those （suffer） from the floods.
②The survivor never talked about his （suffer） in the disaster.
【写美】 完成句子
③It is obvious that our Earth is .
很明显，我们的地球正在遭受严重的破坏。
重点句型解构
句型公式：too＋形容词＋to ...太……而不能……
【教材原句】 Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat， and dogs refused to go inside buildings.鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。
【用法】
（1）“too＋形容词/副词 （for sb） to do sth”意为“太……而不能做某事”，表示否定意义。
（2）“only too＋glad/pleased/willing/delighted/anxious to do sth”表示肯定意义。
【品悟】 ①As the old saying goes，“It’s never too late to learn.”
正如谚语所说：“活到老，学到老。”
②This exam question was too difficult to understand. Actually， nobody worked it out.
这道考题太难了，让人无法理解。事实上没有人解答出来。
【写美】 完成句子/句型转换
①The problem .
这个问题太难了，我解决不了。
② to help you with your application letter.
我很高兴能帮你完成申请信。
③I was so young that I couldn’t understand the meaning of the film.
→
句型公式：as if/though似乎；好像；仿佛
【教材原句】 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！ 仿佛世界末日即将来临！
【用法】
as if/though 引导表语从句和方式状语从句：
（1）从句用陈述语气，表示从句描述的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的；
（2）从句用虚拟语气的三种情况：
与现在事实相反用一般过去时；
与过去事实相反用过去完成时；
与将来事实相反用would/could/might do形式。
【品悟】 It seems as if you are really interested in Chinese culture.
好像你真的对中国文化感兴趣。
【写美】 完成句子
①He treats me as if I .
他待我就像他的亲生女儿一样。
②She was sitting there as if nothing .
她坐在那儿，好像什么也没发生。
③They talked as if they for years.
他们谈起话来就像多年的朋友。
④She waved goodbye， as if she again.
她挥手告别，仿佛再也见不到他似的。
句型公式：主语＋be＋形容词＋to do
【教材原句】 Water， food， and electricity were hard to get.水、食物和电很难获得。
【用法】
这里动词不定式用主动形式表被动含义，若动词不定式为不及物动词，应在其后面加上适当的介词。常用的形容词有hard，difficult，easy，important，interesting，necessary， pleasant， comfortable。
【品悟】 ①As far as I know， the boss is difficult to get along with.
据我所知，这个老板很难相处。
②Some situations are hard to deal with because we have never got into them before.
有些情况很难处理，因为我们以前从未遇到过。
【写美】 完成句子
①Today’s homework ， so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play.
今天的作业容易做，因此迈克很快完成作业出去玩了。
②Though small， the house .
房子虽小，但住着很舒服。
③The pen you bought yesterday .
你昨天买的那支笔写起来很流畅。
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.Paras.1～5 DBACE
2.a terrible earthquake in Tangshan
第二步
1～4 ABDC
第三步
1.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves， but no wind could blow them away.
2.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.
3.（1）The night the earth didn’t sleep.
（2）Slowly， the city began to breathe again.
第四步
1.If you are indoors， stay there！ Get under a desk or table and hang on to it （Drop， Cover， and Hold on！） or move into a hallway or against an inside wall.Stay clear of windows， fireplaces， and heavy furniture or appliances.If you are outside， stay away from buildings， power lines， chimneys， and anything else that might fall on you.
2.Even though a natural disaster is a terrible thing we never expect， we can learn a lot from it.For one thing， we should always be prepared for danger in times of peace.That is to say， prevention is better than cure.For another， a natural disaster reminds us to value our present happy lives.As the saying goes，“Misfortune tells us what fortune is.”
第五步
1.在城市正下方的11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重之一的一场地震爆发了，远在150多千米以外的北京都受到了这场地震的破坏。
2.地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋死者。
3.唐山向中国、向世界证明，在自然灾害中，人们必须勠力同心，保持积极乐观的心态和重建家园的决心。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①ruins your health ②The whole city lay in ruins
2.①to find ②shocking； shocked ③shocked
④looked at us in shock
3.①into ②were trapped
4.①Buried ②buried
③Buried in； Burying herself in
5.①to breathe ②breathe out
6.①make every effort to help
②spare no effort（s） to build shelters for
7.①suffering ②suffering（s） ③suffering serious damage
重点句型解构
1.①is too difficult for me to settle ②I am only too pleased
③I was too young to understand the meaning of the film.
2.①were his own daughter ②had happened
③had been friends ④would never see him
3.①was easy to do ②is comfortable to live in
③was/is very smooth to write with
11 / 11(共108张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Reading and Thinking
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP
Strange things were happening in the countryside① of northeastern
Hebei.For several days， the water in the village wells rose and fell， rose
and fell.There were deep cracks②[1] that appeared in the well walls.At least
one well had some smelly gas③ [2]coming out of it.Chickens and even pigs
were too nervous to④ eat， and dogs refused to go inside buildings.Mice
ran out of⑤ the fields [3]looking for places to hide， and fish jumped out
of the water.At about 3：00 a.m.， on 28 July 1976， bright lights were
seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.But
the city’s one million people were asleep as usual⑥ that night.
[1]此处是由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词cracks，
that在从句中作主语，不能省略。
[2]此处是动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰gas。
[3]此处是动词-ing短语作伴随状语。
【读文清障】
①in the countryside 在农村
②crack n.裂纹；裂缝
vi.& vt.（使）破裂
③gas n.气体；燃气；汽油
④too ...to ...太……而不能……
⑤run out of 从……跑出来；用光
⑥as usual 像往常一样
than usual 比往常……
At 3：42 a.m.， everything began to shake.It seemed as if⑦ the world
were coming to an end⑧ ！ Eleven kilometres directly below the city，
one of the most deadly⑨ earthquakes of the 20th century had begun， a
quake that even caused damage⑩ more than 150 kilometres away in
Beijing.Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it！ A huge crack， eight
kilometres long and 30 metres wide， cut across houses， roads， and
waterways .Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than one
minute， a large city lay in ruins .Two thirds of the people [4]who lived
there were dead or injured.Thousands of children were left without
parents.
The number of people [5]who were killed or badly injured in the quake
was more than 400，000.
[4][5]两句都是由关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词
people， who在从句中作主语。
⑦as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
⑧come to an end 结束
⑨deadly adj.致命的；死一般的
⑩cause damage 造成损失/损害
cut across 横穿；抄近路穿过
waterway n.水路；航道
less than 少于
more than 多于；不仅仅是；非常
ruin n.& vt.破坏；毁坏
in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
thousands of 成千上万的
hundreds of thousands of 数十万的
be left 使处于……状态
the number of ……的数量
badly adv.非常；严重地
[6]Everywhere survivors looked， there was nothing but
ruins.Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.About 75 percent of the
city’s factories and buildings， 90 percent of its homes， and all of its
hospitals were gon.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn
leaves， but no wind could blow them awa.Most bridges had fallen or
were not safe to cross.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of
metal .Tens of thousands of cows， hundreds of thousands of pigs， and
millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the wells instead of
water.People were in shock — and then， later that afternoon， another
big quake shook Tangshan again.Even more buildings fell down.Water，
food， and electricity were hard to get.People began to wonder [7]how
long the disaster would last.
[6]此处是由从属连词everywhere引导的地点状语从句。
[7]此处是由how long引导的宾语从句。
survivor n.幸存者；生还者
nothing but 只有；只；仅仅
percent n.百分之……
adj.& adv.每一百中
gone adj.不复存在的；一去不复返的
brick n.砖；砖块
blow away 刮走；吹走
track n.轨道；跑道
keep track of 了解；与……保持联系
metal n.金属
shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊
in shock 震惊；吃惊
electricity n.电；电能
But hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes， the army sent 150，
000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trappe and to
bury the dea.More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide
medical car.Workers built shelters for survivors [8]whose homes had
been destroyed.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.Water and
food were brought into the city by train， truck， and plane.Slowly， the
city began to breathe again.
[8]此处是由关系代词whose引导的定语从句，修饰先行词
survivors，whose在从句中作定语修饰homes。
dig out 挖出；挖掘
trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套
n.险境；陷阱
bury vt.埋葬；安葬
the dead 死者；逝者
medical care 医疗护理
breathe vi.& vt.呼吸
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet .With
strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s
people， a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.The new city
has become a home to more than seven million people， with great
improvements in transportation， industry， and environment.Tangshan
city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of
disaster， people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive
and rebuild for a brighter future.
revive vt.& vi.复活；（使）苏醒
on one’s feet 恢复健康；站立着
support n.支持
effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
in times of 在……时期
unify vi.& vt.统一；（使）成一体
wisdom n.智慧；才智
positive adj.积极的；肯定的；乐观的
stay positive 保持乐观
【参考译文】
地球的不眠之夜
河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升
降降，起起伏伏。井壁上出现深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭
气。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田
外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左
右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼亮光，接着又传出巨大的声响。然
而，那天晚上城里的百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡在梦乡。
凌晨3：42，万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市正
下方的11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重之一的一场地震爆发了，远在
150多千米以外的北京都受到这场地震的破坏，全国几乎三分之一的
地区均有震感！一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和
水路；坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城
市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤，数以千计的
孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。
幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，万物尽毁。市内大约75%的工厂
和大楼，90%的住所和所有的医院都倒塌了。砖块就像秋天的红叶覆
盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁不是坍塌了，就是
无法安全通行了；铁轨变成了废金属块；数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和
数百万只鸡也都死掉了。沙子灌满水井，井水消失殆尽。人们惊恐万
状，接着临近傍晚时分，又一场强烈的地震撼动唐山。更多的楼房倒
塌了，水、食物和电很难获得。人们心里开始疑惑这场灾难还会持续
多久。
然而，希望尚存。地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴
唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。上万名医疗工作者赶
到现场，救死扶伤。工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起避难所，数
十万的群众获得了帮助，火车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了食物和饮用
水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。
唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐
山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。这座新的城
市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改
善。唐山向中国、向世界证明，在自然灾害中，人们必须勠力同心，
保持积极乐观的心态和重建家园的决心。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1. Match the main idea with each paragraph
Para.1 A. The earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan.
Para.2 B. The earthquake happened and caused deaths and injuries in
Tangshan.
Para.3 C. Help came soon after the quakes.
Para.4 D. Strange things happened before the earthquake.
Para.5 E. Tangshan came back to life again.
答案：Paras.1～5 DBACE
2. What’s the main idea of the passage？
The passage is mainly about .
a terrible earthquake in Tangshan
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1. What’s the first paragraph mainly about？
A. Some unusual signs before the earthquake.
B. Some strange things during the earthquake.
C. A simple introduction to the city of Tangshan.
D. A simple introduction to the Tangshan earthquake.
2. How does the author show the seriousness of the earthquake in the
text？
A. By telling some stories.
B. By using some numbers.
C. By quoting some experts.
D. By describing some events.
3. What does the author mean by saying “the city began to breathe
again”？
A. The city was rebuilt very quickly.
B. Food and supplies came very quickly.
C. Medical workers came gradually.
D. The city returned to normal gradually.
4. What has Tangshan city proved to the world according to the last
paragraph？
A. We should work hard and be kind.
B. We should be caring and help others.
C. We should stay positive and unite as one.
D. We should keep trying and never give up.
第三步：品佳句妙笔生辉
1. Read the passage carefully and find the sentence with a simile （明喻）.
2. Read the passage carefully and find the sentence with a metaphor （暗
喻）.
Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves， but no wind could
blow them away.
Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.
3. Read the passage carefully and find the sentences with a personification
（拟人）.
（1）The night the earth didn’t sleep.
（2）Slowly， the city began to breathe again.
第四步：抒己见提升思维
1. What should we do in the face of an earthquake？
If you are indoors， stay there！ Get under a desk or table and hang
on to it （Drop， Cover， and Hold on！） or move into a hallway or
against an inside wall.Stay clear of windows， fireplaces， and heavy
furniture or appliances.If you are outside， stay away from buildings，
power lines， chimneys， and anything else that might fall on you.
2. What can we learn from a natural disaster？
Even though a natural disaster is a terrible thing we never expect， we
can learn a lot from it.For one thing， we should always be prepared for
danger in times of peace.That is to say， prevention is better than
cure.For another， a natural disaster reminds us to value our present
happy lives.As the saying goes，“Misfortune tells us what fortune is.”
第五步：辨难句拆分解读
1. Eleven kilometres directly below the city， one of the most deadly
earthquakes of the 20th century had begun， a quake that even caused
damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
自主翻译
在城市正下方的11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重之一
的一场地震爆发了，远在150多千米以外的北京都受到了这场地
震的破坏。
句式分析
2. Soon after the quakes， the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to
dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
句式分析
自主翻译
地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将
受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋死者。
3. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times
of disaster， people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive
and rebuild for a brighter future.
句式分析
自主翻译
唐山向中国、向世界证明，在自然灾害中，人们必须勠
力同心，保持积极乐观的心态和重建家园的决心。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
核心词汇集释
ruin n.& vt.破坏；毁坏
【教材原句】 In less than one minute， a large city lay in ruins.
在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。
【用法】
（1）be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭
（2）ruin one’s hope/health/plan
破坏某人的希望/健康/计划
【佳句】 When we reached the destination， we saw an old temple
lying in ruins.
当我们到达目的地时，我们看到了一座成为废墟的古庙。
【写美】 完成句子
①Heavy smoking ， so you’d better give up
smoking.
吸烟过量损害你的健康，因此你最好戒烟。
② after the earthquake， which made us
awake all night.
地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜难眠。
ruins your health
The whole city lay in ruins
shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊
【教材原句】 People were in shock — and then， later that
afternoon， another big quake shook Tangshan again. 人们惊恐万状，接
着临近傍晚时分，又一场强烈的地震撼动唐山。
【用法】
（1）a great shock to sb 对某人来说是极大的震惊
in shock 震惊；吃惊
to one’s shock 令某人震惊的是
（2）shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth 震惊地做某事
（3）shocking adj. 令人震惊的
【佳句】 To my shock， memory flooded back when I visited the
stadium once again. （读后续写之心理描写）
令我震惊的是，当我重游体育馆时，回忆涌上了心头。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Jane was shocked （find） that she was lost in the forest
and she couldn’t help crying.
②The news of his sudden death is so that everyone is
greatly at it.（shock）
③Hearing the story her mom told her， she wore a
（shock） expression.
to find
shocking
shocked
shocked
【写美】 完成句子
④When he finally came to himself， he ，
knowing nothing about the accident.
当他终于苏醒过来时，他震惊地看着我们，对事故一无所知。
looked at us in shock
trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱
【教材原句】 Soon after the quakes， the army sent 150，000 soldiers
to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废
墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
be trapped in 困在……中；陷在……中
trap sb into （doing） sth 诱使某人（做）某事
【用法】
【佳句】 The lift broke down and we were trapped inside （it）.电梯出
故障了，我们被困在里面了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He trapped me cheating in the important examination.
②The rescue team （trap） in the burning building.
into
were trapped
bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心
【用法】
【佳句】 ①She buried her face in her hands and cried when she heard
the bad news. （读后续写之动作描写）
当听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。
②It’s time to bury our differences and be friends again.
是我们摈弃分歧重归于好的时候了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
① （bury） in his study， he didn’t notice that his classmates
had left.
②Nowadays family members are often found （bury） in their
own smartphones.
Buried
buried
【写美】 一句多译
③玛丽埋头于她的毕业论文，没有时间做兼职工作。
→ her graduation paper， Mary has no time to do a part-
time job.
→ her graduation paper， Mary has no time to do a
part-time job.
Buried in
Burying herself in
breathe vi.& vt.呼吸
【教材原句】 Slowly， the city began to breathe again.慢慢地，这座
城市又开始恢复了生机。
（1）breathe in/out 吸气/呼气
（2）breath n. 呼气；呼吸
breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的
【用法】
【佳句】 Her smile is a breath of fresh air in this gloomy office.
她的微笑给沉闷的办公室带来生气。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The morning air in the quiet village is good （breath）.
to breathe
【写美】 完成句子
②Take a deep breath and then when I tell you to.
深吸一口气，我告诉你时再呼气。
breathe out
effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
【教材原句】 With strong support from the government and the tireless
efforts of the city’s people， a new Tangshan was built upon the
earthquake ruins.
有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在
废墟中被建立起来。
【用法】
with effort 费力地
make an effort to do sth 努力做某事
spare no effort（s） （to do sth） 不遗余力（做某事）
【佳句】 With joint efforts， I believe that we are sure to make the
world a better place.在共同的努力下，我相信我们一定会让世界变得更
美好。
【写美】 完成句子
① I will those students who are in trouble.
我将尽全力帮助那些处在困境中的同学。
②The government is determined to
homeless people.
政府决定不遗余力地为无家可归者修建收容所。
make every effort to help
spare no effort（s） to build shelters
for
suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
【教材原句】 Some were found alive， though they were suffering
from terrible injuries ...
一些人被发现还活着，尽管他们受了重伤……
（1）suffer from ... 患……病；因……而受苦
（2）suffer losses/pains 遭受损失/痛苦
（3）suffering n. 苦难，痛苦
sufferer n. 受难者
【用法】
【佳句】 It’s common knowledge that as we get older， we are
suffering from loss of memory.众所周知，随着年龄的增长，我们会遭
受记忆力减退的困扰。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①A lot of money has been collected to help those
（suffer） from the floods.
②The survivor never talked about his （suffer） in
the disaster.
suffering
suffering（s）
【写美】 完成句子
③It is obvious that our Earth is .
很明显，我们的地球正在遭受严重的破坏。
suffering serious damage
重点句型解构
句型公式：too＋形容词＋to ...太……而不能……
【教材原句】 Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat， and
dogs refused to go inside buildings.
鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。
【用法】
（1）“too＋形容词/副词 （for sb） to do sth”意为“太……而不能做某
事”，表示否定意义。
（2）“only too＋glad/pleased/willing/delighted/anxious to do sth”表示肯
定意义。
【品悟】 ①As the old saying goes，“It’s never too late to learn.”正如
谚语所说：“活到老，学到老。”
②This exam question was too difficult to understand.Actually，
nobody worked it out.这道考题太难了，让人无法理解。事实上没
有人解答出来。
【写美】 完成句子/句型转换
①The problem .
这个问题太难了，我解决不了。
② to help you with your application letter.
我很高兴能帮你完成申请信。
③I was so young that I couldn’t understand the meaning of the film.
→
is too difficult for me to settle
I am only too pleased
I was too young to understand the meaning of the film.
句型公式：as if/though似乎；好像；仿佛
【教材原句】 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！ 仿佛
世界末日即将来临！
【用法】
as if/though 引导表语从句和方式状语从句：
（1）从句用陈述语气，表示从句描述的情况是真实的或极有可能发
生的；
（2）从句用虚拟语气的三种情况：
与现在事实相反用一般过去时；
与过去事实相反用过去完成时；
与将来事实相反用would/could/might do形式。
【品悟】 It seems as if you are really interested in Chinese culture.
好像你真的对中国文化感兴趣。
【写美】 完成句子
①He treats me as if I .
他待我就像他的亲生女儿一样。
②She was sitting there as if nothing .
她坐在那儿，好像什么也没发生。
③They talked as if they for years.
他们谈起话来就像多年的朋友。
④She waved goodbye， as if she again.
她挥手告别，仿佛再也见不到他似的。
were his own daughter
had happened
had been friends
would never see him
句型公式：主语＋be＋形容词＋to do
【教材原句】 Water， food， and electricity were hard to get.水、食
物和电很难获得。
这里动词不定式用主动形式表被动含义，若动词不定式为不及物动
词，应在其后面加上适当的介词。常用的形容词有hard，difficult，
easy，important，interesting，necessary， pleasant， comfortable。
【用法】
【品悟】 ①As far as I know， the boss is difficult to get along with.据
我所知，这个老板很难相处。
②Some situations are hard to deal with because we have never got into
them before.
有些情况很难处理，因为我们以前从未遇到过。
【写美】 完成句子
①Today’s homework ， so Mike finished it quickly
and went out to play.
今天的作业容易做，因此迈克很快完成作业出去玩了。
②Though small， the house .
房子虽小，但住着很舒服。
③The pen you bought yesterday .
你昨天买的那支笔写起来很流畅。
was easy to do
is comfortable to live in
was/is very smooth to write with
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. It is said that he b himself in the country to write a book last year.
2. I was doing an experiment in the lab when the e was off.
3. Around 540 million people are a by second-hand smoke，
which causes 100，000 deaths per year.
4. Tom （营救） a boy from the river on his way home.
5. His bad habit （毁坏） his chance of having a bright future.
uried
lectricity
ffected
rescued
ruined
6. The local government is making every （努力） to help
those affected in the flood.
7. When I was walking in the street， I saw a man （滑动）
on a skateboard.
8. Millions of people offered help to the people in the （被淹
没的） area.
9. Whenever a natural （灾难） occurs， soldiers are always
ready to protect people’s lives.
effort
sliding
flooded
disaster
维度二：词形转换
1. Thousands of people are missing； the number of （dead）
is growing.
2. Though she went through so much （suffer）， she did
not give in.
3. As far as I know， she is a woman of great （wise）.
4. It is a pity that the 500-year-old wooden tower
（destroy） in the tsunami last year.
deaths
suffering
wisdom
was destroyed
5. He sat at a wooden table， （bury） in reading English
articles.
6. After the terrible landslide， the whole village lay in （ruin）
and many volunteers came to the villagers’ rescue.
7. By the end of last week，the soldiers （rescue） 100
people.
buried
ruins
had rescued
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. Don’t leave children （surf） the Internet for a long time on
weekends.
2. He talks as if he （know） everything.
3. The terrible storm flooded the area， （ruin） our trip.
4. The typhoon did damage the area and caused 100 deaths.
5. These problems （很难解决）， so I am writing
to turn to you for help.
6. （无论他去哪里旅行）， the man takes
amazing photos of sights.
surfing
knew
ruining
to
are hard to solve
Wherever he travels
7. The party is （即将结束） and we are going to
leave.
8. （三分之二的学生） have taken part in
the physical activity.
coming to an end
Two thirds of the students
维度四：课文语法填空
Several days before 28 July 1976， many strange things happened in
Tangshan.The water in the village wells rose and fell.Deep cracks appeared
in the well walls， and even 1. （smell） gas was coming out
of one well.Some animals also had some unusual behaviour.But people in
the city， 2. were asleep as usual that night， didn’t think much
of these.
smelly
who
At 3：42 a.m.， one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th
century broke out.It destroyed the city and even caused damage in
Beijing.In less than one minute， Tangshan 3. （lie） in ruins.The
number of people who were killed or 4. （terrible） injured in
the quake 5. （be） more than 400，000.Later that afternoon，
another big quake struck Tangshan again.More buildings fell
down.Water， food， and electricity were hard 6. （get）.
lay
terribly
was
to get
But all the hope wasn’t lost.Soon after the quakes， teams were
organised to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.Many
more people， 7. （include） workers and doctors， came
to provide help.Through all the 8. （effort）， the city began
to breathe again.
Today， 9. new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake
ruins， which has proved 10. the entire world that in times of
disaster， people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and
rebuild for a brighter future.
including
efforts
a
to
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
This morning my family and I went to a friend’s home to help her get
things back in order.She was one of the unfortunate people whose home
was recently destroyed by a tornado.One side of her home fell off and the
roof was gone over a large part of the house.Torrential rain fell the rest of
the night and all of the next day following the tornado， creating even
more damage to her belongings.The home is a total loss.Still， there is
much that is valuable， and our job today was to help her sort through the
debris and find anything with actual value that she may want to take with
her.
My husband helped to move furniture and other things to the
storeroom while our two younger children helped clean up the yard.My
oldest daughter and her boyfriend helped as well， and my another
daughter with me swept up all of the areas of debris， sorting it for things
that are important.We worked systematically， clearing the main living
space first， then moving on to the kitchen， laundry area， then the
master bedroom.
By the time we were done today， though there was no denying the
home had met with disaster， we had gone far to restore order from the
loss that had been there before.
My thought in entering the day was that our friend， who had been
having trouble sleeping， was being affected by that loss negatively.I
hoped that if we could restore order， she would finally start to feel some
sense of peace and her mind would quiet and allow her the much-needed
rest she so deserves.
She posted on Facebook just a little while ago that for the first time
she was sleeping at night.For me， what a wonderful and deeply
meaningful way to begin the New Year！
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。朋友家不幸遭遇龙卷风袭击，作者
一家在新年这一天去帮助朋友收拾残局。
本文是一篇记叙文。朋友家不幸遭遇龙卷风袭击，作者
一家在新年这一天去帮助朋友收拾残局。
1. What does the underlined word “debris” in Paragraph 1 mean？
A. The dust caused by tornado.
B. Something that is valuable.
C. Something that the owner needs.
D. The remains of something destroyed.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后两句可知，作者和家人在
整理龙卷风席卷后残留的碎片，并从中找出有价值的东西。
2. How many children does the author have at least？
A. 5. B. 4.
C. 3. D. 2.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 our two younger
children、 My oldest daughter和my another daughter可知，作者
至少有四个孩子。
3. What can we learn from the passage？
A. The author’s friend has no family.
B. The author’s family did much to restore order.
C. The author’s friend couldn’t sleep well owing to the loss.
D. The author’s family managed to help her friend rebuild a new house.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可知，作者和家人为
恢复正常的秩序做了很多事。
4. What’s the best title for the text？
A. A Way to Help Friends
B. The Love from Friends
C. The Loss after the Tornado
D. A Way to Welcome the New Year
解析： 标题归纳题。根据全文内容及作者最后点题的一句话For
me，what a wonderful and deeply meaningful way to begin the New
Year！可知，D项为文章最佳标题。
B
The worst outbreak of desert locusts （蝗虫） in Kenya in 70 years
has seen hundreds of millions of the bugs swarm into the East African
nation from Somalia and Ethiopia.Those two countries have not had an
infestation （侵扰） like this in a quarter-century， destroying farmland
and threatening the region with serious hunger.
“Even cows are wondering what is happening，” said Ndunda
Makanga， who spent hours Friday trying to chase the locusts from his
farm.“Corn， sorghum， cowpeas， they have eaten everything.”
“Even a small swarm of the insects can consume enough food for
35，000 people in a single day，” said Jens Laerke of the UN
humanitarian office in Geneva.
About 70，000 hectares — 172，973 acres — of land in Kenya are
attacked.A single swarm can contain up to 150 million locusts per square
kilometer of farmland — an area the size of almost 250 football fields，
authorities say.
“We must act immediately，” said David Phiri of the UN Food and
Agricultural Organization.
About $70 million is needed to step up aerial pesticide （杀虫剂）
spraying， the only effective way to fight them， the UN says.That won’t
be easy， especially in Somalia.
Astonished by the finger-length insects， children dash here and
there， waving blankets to shake the locusts free.Farmers are afraid to let
their cattle out for grazing， and their crops are in danger， but there is
little they can do.
One especially large swarm in northeastern Kenya measured 60
kilometers long by 40 kilometers wide （37 miles long by 25 miles wide）.
“The locals are really scared because they can consume everything，”
said Francis Kitoo， deputy director of agriculture in southeastern Kenya’s
Kitui county.“I’ve never seen such a big number.” He expressed his own
concern about the locusts.“They will lay eggs and start another
generation，” he said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了肯尼亚遭受的一场规模
空前的蝗灾袭击。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了肯尼亚遭受的一场规模
空前的蝗灾袭击。
5. What did Ndunda Makanga want to express about the outbreak of
locusts？
A. It’s very serious.
B. It’s very surprising.
C. It happens frequently.
D. It leads to heavy losses.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，Ndunda Makanga提到“甚
至牛也不知所措”以及“蝗虫的无所不食”，充分说明了这次蝗灾的严
重性。
6. How does the author describe the outbreak of locusts？
A. By telling some stories.
B. By providing some facts.
C. By listing some numbers.
D. By giving some examples.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三至八段可知，作者主要通过列数
字的方式来说明这次蝗灾的严重程度。
7. How did the farmers react to the big number of locusts？
A. They were very brave.
B. They let their cattle out.
C. They sprayed pesticide.
D. They were helpless indeed.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，面对铺天盖地的蝗
虫，农民们束手无策。
8. What’s Francis Kitoo’s attitude towards the future？
A. Worried. B. Confused.
C. Confident. D. Disappointed.
解析： 观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，Francis Kitoo说他从没
看到过如此多的蝗虫，并表示最大的担心是这些蝗虫将繁殖出下一
代蝗虫。
Ⅱ.完形填空
No one had called me Melissa in months. 9 my name was
something I took for granted （想当然） before the pandemic.But now I
wasn’t 10 time with my friends who know me as Melissa.I had
been 11 with my two children for months.
Something happened when I 12 hearing my name，
though.Before I became Mama， I was Melissa.“We 13 the name，
and there were no other Melissas.It was special，” my mom said.Then
I 14 kindergarten， and there were three Melissas in my class.From
that moment until the start of middle school， I was Melissa S.
Even though I didn’t love adding a letter to my name in school， I
never thought about 15 my name.Even as a grown-up， I have never
thought a different name would 16 me better.I am Melissa， and my
name is a big part of my identity （身份）.Except during the pandemic，
when a big part of myself went 17 .
After a few months at home， I 18 to do something just for
me.I 19 for a writing class.
On the first day， the instructor began class by 20 us all by name
and introducing our first task.“I want you to start by writing ‘Right now， I
am，’and then continue with whatever 21 that，” she said.
Ten minutes later， she asked us to begin 22 .
“Melissa， we’ll start with you，” my teacher said.
“Right now， I am happy，” I said.“I’m happy to be writing，
and 23 happy to hear my name.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者与外界隔绝太久，她渴望听到
别人叫自己的名字。报名参加一个写作班使她的愿望得以实现。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者与外界隔绝太久，她渴望听到
别人叫自己的名字。报名参加一个写作班使她的愿望得以实现。
9. A. Hearing B. Giving
C. Choosing D. Keeping
解析： 根据上文No one had called me Melissa in months.和下文
hearing my name， though可知，好几个月作者都没有听到别人叫她
的名字。
10. A. saving B. spending
C. fixing D. wasting
解析： 根据下文with my two children for months 可知，流行病
期间，作者没有花时间跟朋友们在一起，而是跟孩子们在家。
11. A. at school B. at work
C. at war D. at home
解析： 参见上题解析。
12. A. enjoyed B. forgot
C. stopped D. finished
解析： 根据上文No one had called me Melissa in months.可知，
作者没有再听到别人叫她的名字。
13. A. mentioned B. considered
C. loved D. accepted
解析： 根据母亲所说的话It was special可知，她应该是喜欢
Melissa，才给作者起了这个名字。
14. A. left B. began C. picked D. avoided
解析： 根据下文there were three Melissas in my class可知，这里
指作者开始上幼儿园。
15. A. changing B. using
C. losing D. hiding
解析： 根据语境可知，作者从幼儿园开始到中学，一直被别人
叫作Melissa S，但即便如此，她也从未想过要换名字。
16. A. serve B. help C. fit D. know
解析： 作者之所以不换名字，是因为她觉得Melissa最适合她。
17. A. wrong B. missing
C. nervous D. crazy
解析： 根据第一段内容可知，流行病期间，没人喊作者的名
字，所以作者觉得她自己的一部分缺失了。
18. A. decided B. regretted
C. waited D. agreed
解析： 根据下文作者对第一节写作课的描述可知，她决定为自
己做点事，于是报名参加了写作班。
19. A. got up B. stood up
C. made up D. signed up
解析： 参见上题解析。
20. A. teaching B. surprising
C. questioning D. calling
解析： 根据下文中的all by name可知，在第一节课上，老师用
名字称呼每一个学员。
21. A. proves B. develops
C. follows D. joins
解析： 根据上文start by和continue with 可知，老师让学员以
Right now， I am开头写作，随后想写什么就写什么。
22. A. preparing B. sharing
C. exercising D. discussing
解析： 根据下文作者读自己的作品可知，布置完任务十分钟
后，老师让学员分享他们写好的作品。
23. A. especially B. usually
C. probably D. generally
解析： 根据全文可知，由于流行病，作者好久没有听到别
人叫她的名字，她非常渴望再次听到别人叫她的名字。写作课
上她的愿望得以实现，所以她当天很开心，特别是听到别人叫
她的名字。
谢谢观看！
