Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
维度一：基础题型练
用适当的关系词填空。
1.We have entered into an age almost everything can be done on the Internet.
2.Nobody knows the reason she didn’t accept the invitation.
3.We went through a period communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
4.We visited the car factory my uncle once worked three years ago.
5.This is the factory I visited last year.
6.I’ll always remember the days I spent with villagers in the mountains.
7.This is the place the famous headmaster delivered a speech.
8.I don’t know the reason for the athlete gave up halfway through the competition.
9.I’ll never forget the day we celebrated your birthday with a surprise party.
10.I’ll never forget the time we spent together in the army camp.
11.They have reached the stage they are going to get married.
12.He is a teacher with rich experience， from we can learn a lot.
13.The film in he played the leading role was a great success.
14.I wanted to find someone whom I could share my travel experience.
15.We have come to a point everyone has different opinions and it is difficult to reach an agreement.
维度二：用定语从句合并句子
1.The man is in the next room. You are talking about the man.
→The man is in the next room.
2.My hometown has taken on a new look. I spent most of my childhood there.
→My hometown has taken on a new look.
3.We paid a visit to the coffee shop last summer. A writer wrote his famous book in the coffee shop.
→Last summer we paid a visit to the coffee shop .
4.I don’t know the reason. He didn’t come to the meeting yesterday for the reason.
→I don’t know the reason .
5.I joined the organisation on that day. I will never forget the day.
→I will never forget the day .
维度三：语法与写作
根据汉语提示完成下面语段，尽可能地运用定语从句。
Dear Tom，
How are you doing these days？ I’m writing to tell you about our school’s Sports Club，1. （体育俱乐部经常为我们学生组织各种各样的活动）.
The Sports Club is located in our school’s gym，2. （在体育俱乐部学生可以锻炼身体或练习他们的技能）. At weekends，it is available for all students 3. （对体育赛事感兴趣的学生）.4. （我们喜欢体育俱乐部的原因） is that it enriches our campus lives.
All in all， all of us can work out for half an hour every day， 5. （通过锻炼我们可以增强我们的体质）.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
维度四：语法与语篇
用适当的关系词完成下面短文。
Zhangzhou is a small city in southeast China 1. I grew up. My family moved there from Xiamen in a summer 2. I was born. The house 3. which I grew up was on a main street in Zhangzhou. It was a nice house with a big garden 4. there were a lot of nice flowers. My father sold tea， and my mother had a small restaurant 5. there were always many customers. A cousin of mine 6. family I visited every summer lived with us. He was an apprentice （学徒） 7. my father was teaching the tea business to. On the first floor of our house， we had a huge kitchen 8. we all gathered for dinner. I will never forget the happy days 9. we were eating and talking happily. The bedrooms were upstairs. My brother and my cousin slept in one bedroom. I slept in another 10. I shared with Polly， the smartest bird that I had ever seen.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When I was young， Mom wanted me to learn English， Chinese， French and Japanese. I really like listening to different languages， and that’s probably the reason I find it easy to listen， and write， in these languages. Of the languages， I think Chinese is the hardest to learn. I made many mistakes when I was learning.
Once， our Chinese teacher told us to write a sentence using the verb “catch”. I wrote the sentence， “I from the river catch fish.” Later I realised that I had made a grammatical mistake and the sentence should have been，“I catch fish from the river.”
Another time， I misread “bird cloud” instead of “dark cloud”， because the Chinese characters are very similar. Sometimes， the characters can be translated into their literal （字面的） meaning， such as， “xue dou” being translated into “snow pea”. However， if you translated the characters “nan gua” into “south melon”， everyone would laugh， because the correct translation should be “pumpkin”.
In Chinese， the characters of some words can be repeated， such as “gao gao xing xing （happy）” and “zi zi xi xi （careful）”. They can also be written “gao xing” and “zi xi”， but that doesn’t work every time. For example， “xiu xiu da da （shy）” cannot be written as “xiu da”.
Chinese words for measurement are very difficult， too. I remember， when I first started learning Chinese， I couldn’t understand these words. Once， the teacher said，“There were three （tou） oxen on the grassland.” The word “tou” means “a head”， but it is also a word for measurement. Because I didn’t know this word very well， I thought teacher said the ox had three heads. What a monster！
Even though Chinese is the hardest language to learn， I still try very hard to learn， because I love Chinese.
1.What does the author want to show by giving an example in Paragraph 2？
A.Chinese is very popular.
B.Chinese is very interesting.
C.Chinese is similar to English.
D.Chinese is different from English.
2.The fact that the writer misread “bird cloud” shows some Chinese characters .
A.look alike
B.are hard to write
C.are hard to pronounce
D.have similar meanings
3.Which of the following is right？
A.Bird cloud. B.Snow pea.
C.South melon. D.Xiu da.
4.How does the writer develop the passage？
A.By telling some stories.
B.By offering some advice.
C.By giving some examples.
D.By answering some questions.
B
When John Dougill first came to Japan 30 years ago， he noticed a strange phrase adorning （装饰） his neighborhood butcher’s shop in Kyoto. Instead of “meat shop”， its sign read “flesh shop”.
Dougill assumed shop staff weren’t aware of their English-language error. But when he told the owners about it， they nodded politely at him. But they didn’t change the sign.
“It didn’t matter if the sign said ‘flesh’ or ‘fresh’ or ‘meat’，” recalls Dougill， a professor at Ryukoku University， who has researched the use of English in Japan. “It was just there to catch people’s attention. It wasn’t being used to communicate， as people could see it was a meat shop from outside.”
It was Dougill’s first encounter with the Japanese phenomenon of “Engrish” or “Japanglish”.Engrish is what happens when English mistakes appear in Japanese advertising， on products like T-shirts and stationary， or on restaurant menus.
In the West， Engrish is often viewed more as an example of everyday racism （种族主义） intended to laugh at non-native English speakers. It’s also not wholly a Japanese phenomenon. There’s “Konglish” in Korea， “Singlish” in Singapore and “Chinglish” in China — all referring to the different ways in which locals have repurposed English.
In Japan， Engrish falls into two categories： Decorative English is used to create a mood and is purely targeted at Japanese people， while Communicative English is meant to provide instructions to foreigners but is often grammatically incorrect or misspelled.
According to the website — which showcases examples of Engrish across the world—English in Japan is used as a design element in products and advertising to give them a modern look and feel （or just to “look cool”）. It’s not used to communicate a specific message， but rather a mood. That’s particular to Japanese culture， where meanings are often not clear but inferred.
“There is often no attempt to try to get Engrish right， nor do the vast majority of the Japanese population ever attempt to read the English design element in question，” the website states.
5.Why did the owners refuse to change the sign according to Dougill？
A.They didn’t think it’s wrong.
B.They didn’t take it seriously.
C.It would bring economic loss.
D.It would cause inconvenience.
6.What do we learn about Engrish？
A.It’s English spoken by Asians.
B.It’s English spoken by Japanese.
C.It’s popular in Western countries.
D.It’s made fun of by native speakers.
7.What is special about Decorative English in Japan？
A.It’s different from Engrish.
B.It’s intended for foreigners.
C.It focuses on form instead of content.
D.It uses correct grammar and spelling.
8.What will happen according to the website ？
A.Engrish will disappear soon.
B.Engrish will become more popular.
C.Engrish will be an effective language.
D.Engrish will stay unchanged in Japan.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Green is an important color in nature.It is the color of grass and the leaves on trees. 9
Sometimes， the word green means young， fresh and growing.Sometimes， it describes something that is not yet ripe or finished.For example， a greenhorn is someone who has no experience， who is new to a situation.
Someone who has the ability to grow plants well is said to have a green thumb. 10 A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic touch that makes plants grow quickly and well.You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long after your plants have died.
The Green Revolution is the name given some years ago to the development of new kinds of rice and other grains. 11 The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural scientists who had green thumbs.
12 The green-eyed monster is not a frightening creature from outer space.It is an expression used about four hundred years ago by British writer William Shakespeare in his play “Othello”. 13 A young man may suffer from the green-eyed monster if his girlfriend begins going out with someone else.Or， that green-eyed monster may affect your friend if you get a pay raise and she does not.
A.Green is generally a symbol of peace.
B.It is also the color of most growing plants.
C.The new plants produced much larger crops.
D.In most countries， a green light is a sign to move ahead.
E.It is believed that the expression comes from the early 1900s.
F.Green is also the color used to describe the powerful emotion， jealousy.
G.It describes the unpleasant feeling a person has when someone has something he wants.
9. 10. 11.
12. 13.
Ⅲ.语法填空
In Chinese literature， the Tang period 14 （consider） the golden age of Chinese poetry.
300 Tang Poems is a compilation （汇编） of poems from this period 15 （make） around 1763 by Hengtang Tuishi （Sun Zhu） of the Qing Dynasty.Sun’s motivation for compiling the collection resulted from his dissatisfaction 16 the then popular textbook， Poems by a Thousand Poets， an 17 （early） collection from the Tang and Song periods.
Sun made his own selection of Tang poems based on their popularity and effectiveness in cultivating （培养） character. 18 it represented equally well each of the classical poetic forms and the best works by 19 most well-known Tang poets， Sun’s collection became a bestseller soon after its publication.It 20 （use） for centuries since then to teach elementary students to read and write， and also to cultivate character.Sun’s collection is still a classic today.Nearly every Chinese household owns a copy of the book and the poems from it 21 （be） still included in textbooks.There is a very famous saying：“ 22 （learn） three hundred Tang poems by heart， you can chant poems though you do not know the art.”
There were 311 poems in the 23 （origin） collection of 300 Tang Poems， and additional poems were added later on.
14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
20. 21. 22. 23.
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
基础知识自测
维度一
1.when 2.why 3.when 4.where 5.that/which
6.which/that 7.where 8.which 9.when 10.that/which
11.where 12.whom 13.which 14.with 15.where
维度二
1.about whom you are talking
2.in which/where I spent most of my childhood
3.in which/where a writer wrote his famous book
4.for which/why he didn’t come to the meeting yesterday
5.on which/when I joined the organisation
维度三
1.which often organises various activities for us students
2.where students can take exercise or practise their skills
3.who are interested in sports events
4.The reason why we like the Sports Club
5.through which we can strengthen our body
维度四
1.where 2.when 3.in 4.where 5.where 6.whose
7.who/whom/that 8.where 9.when 10.which/that
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要通过举一些实例，讲述了自己学习中文的一些经历和体会。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者所举例子说明中文和英文有很大的不同。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者举这个例子（将“乌云”读作“鸟云”）主要是说明汉字看起来很相似。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，有些中文词语可以直译，“雪豆”译为snow pea即为一例。
4.C 篇章结构题。综合全文可知，作者主要通过举一些实例，讲述了自己学习中文的一些经历和体会。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。中国有中式英文，日本有日式英文。日式英文究竟在日本社会起着什么样的作用呢？
5.B 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Dougill认为，改不改标牌上的错误关系不大，因为英文单词只是用来吸引人们注意的，并不是用来传递信息的。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，Engrish指英语非母语国家的人们所使用的英语，它往往被英语为母语国家的人们所取笑。
7.C 推理判断题。根据第六段可知，装饰性英文主要是给日本本国人看的，而交流性英文才用来给外国人有效传递信息。也就是说前者只关注形式而非内容。
8.D 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，这一网站指出，在日本，没有人愿意去改正作为一种时髦和摆设的Engrish。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Green一词在英文中除了“绿色”之外，还有其他的含义。
9.B 本段是对green的概述，上句It is ...正好与B项It is also ...相吻合。
10.E 上句提到了have a green thumb这一词组，E项则是对这一词组的补充说明。
11.C 上句提到了new kinds of rice and other grains，C项中的The new plants与之相对应。
12.F 根据下文可知，green-eyed monster表示一种强烈的负面情绪，故F项符合语境。
13.G 根据下文可知，green-eyed monster表达“嫉妒”之意，G项正好是对此短语的详细解释。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了中国的唐诗及《唐诗三百首》一书。
14.is considered 考查动词的时态和语态。这里表示唐朝“被看作”中国诗歌的黄金时代，另外，这是一个现存的客观事实，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。
15.made 考查非谓语动词。这里表示《唐诗三百首》一书“被编辑、被制作”，因此用过去分词作后置定语。
16.with 考查介词。dissatisfaction with 是固定搭配，表示“对……的不满意”。
17.earlier 考查形容词的比较级。这里提到的《千家诗》是比《唐诗三百首》更早的一本诗集，因此用形容词的比较级。
18.Because/As 考查状语从句。后面一个分句解释了《唐诗三百首》受欢迎的原因，因此用连词Because或As。
19.the 考查冠词。most well-known是最高级形式，因此前面应用定冠词the。
20.has been used 考查动词的时态和语态。本句的时间状语是for centuries since then，另外这里表示被动含义，因此用现在完成时的被动语态。
21.are 考查主谓一致。本分句的主语是the poems，因此用are。
22.Learning 考查非谓语动词。本句已经有主语和谓语，这里需要状语；由于learn这一动作由句子主语发出，表主动概念，因此用Learning。
23.original 考查词形转换。本空后面的collection是一个名词，因此用形容词来修饰它。
5 / 5Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
限制性定语从句（2）
1.It was a time when people were divided geographically.
2.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
3.There are many reasons why this has been possible， but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
4.These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
5.The man to whom I spoke just now will deliver a speech in our school next week.
【我的发现】
1.关系副词 在定语从句中作时间状语（如句 ）；关系副词 在定语从句中作地点状语（如句 ）；关系副词 在定语从句中作原因状语（如句 ）。
2.在“介词＋关系代词（which/whom）”引导的定语从句中， 用于指代物（如句 ）； 用于指代人（如句 ）。
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when引导定语从句时，先行词为表示时间的名词，when在从句中作时间状语。
The Mid-Autumn Festival is a time when each family has its members get together.
中秋节是每一个家庭团圆的时候。
I’ll never forget the day when I was trapped in a burning house.
我永远不会忘记我被困在燃烧着的房子里的那一天。
2.where引导定语从句时，先行词为表示地点的名词，where在从句中作地点状语。
After living in Paris for fifty years， he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.
在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。
Beijing is the cultural center of our country， where you can visit many places of interest.
北京是我们国家的文化中心，在这里，你可以参观很多名胜古迹。
名师点津
where还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如situation、 stage、 position、 condition、 point、 case等。
I have reached a point in my life where I should make decisions of my own.
我已经到了我人生中应该自己作决定的阶段了。
3.why引导定语从句时，先行词通常是reason， why在从句中作原因状语。
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。
The reasons why I am writing to apply to be a volunteer are as follows.
我写信申请成为一名志愿者的原因如下。
3.why引导定语从句时，先行词通常是reason， why在从句中作原因状语。
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。
The reasons why I am writing to apply to be a volunteer are as follows.
我写信申请成为一名志愿者的原因如下。
【即时演练1】 用适当的关系副词填空
①I’ll never forget the day I received the admission letter from Zhejiang University！
②The reason he was late was that he got stuck in the traffic.
③Keep the book in a place you can find it easily.
④It was a time I didn’t understand what death meant.
二、关系代词和关系副词的判断
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若关系词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。
I’ll never forget the day that/which I spent with you on the farm.（关系代词作spent的宾语）
我永远不会忘记和你在农场一起度过的那一天。
I’ll never forget the day when I worked with you on the farm.（关系副词作时间状语， when＝on which）
我永远不会忘记和你一起在农场工作的那一天。
The reason why/for which you failed was that you had not followed your mother’s advice.（定语从句中缺少状语，用why或for which作原因状语）
你失败的原因是你没有听你母亲的忠告。
The reason that/which he gave at the meeting was not so convincing.（定语从句中缺少宾语，用that或which，不用why）
他在会上给出的理由不太令人信服。
【即时演练2】 用适当的关系词填空
①It happened in November the weather was wet and cold.
②The reason her husband explained sounded reasonable.
③The reason I write this letter to you is that I have a problem in respect of the writing style.
④I’d like to live in the house there is plenty of sunshine.
⑤This is the house was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词（which/whom）”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose（作定语）。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。
The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.
金先生所在公司的老板听说了这起事故。
2.“介词＋关系代词（which/whom）”中介词选择的三个原则“一先、二动、三意义”。
（1）“一先”，即根据先行词的习惯搭配或意义来确定介词。
The factory in which I’m working mainly produces computers.
我所在的工厂主要生产电脑。
（2）“二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
This is the book about which we talked yesterday.
这就是我们昨天谈论过的那本书。
（3）“三意义”，即根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。
Mr Field graduated in 2009， after which he entered a famous IT company.
菲尔德先生毕业于2009年，之后他进入一家知名的IT公司。
【即时演练3】 用“介词＋关系代词”填空
①The woman you spoke just now is our English teacher.
②This is the farm my father grows fruit and vegetables.
③There is a big window I can see the railway station.
④I have some American friends I have learned much about the American customs.
struggle n.& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
【教材原句】 When I started studying German， it was a struggle.
当我开始学习德语时，那是一件困难的事。
【用法】
struggle for ... 努力争取……；
为……而斗争
struggle against/with ... 与……作斗争
struggle to do sth 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
【佳句】 We are willing to struggle for our beautiful future with our healthy body and mind.
我们愿用健康的身心，为我们美好的未来而奋斗。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①From now on， I hope every one of us will struggle （make） our dream come true.
②We have to struggle all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.
【写美】 完成句子
③Though he was badly injured， he and went on running.
虽然他伤得很重，但他挣扎着站了起来继续往前跑。
point of view 观点；看法
【教材原句】 I had finally come to a place where I could think in this foreign language， and I could see the world from a different point of view.
我终于达到了一个可以用这门外语思考的境地，并且我可以从一个不同的角度看世界。
【用法】
（1）
在某人看来
（2）have a good view of 好好欣赏
come into view 进入视野
【佳句】 ①From my point of view， you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.在我看来，通过这些活动，你可以更好地了解春节。
②From an economic point of view， the new project will benefit the town greatly.
从经济的角度来看，新项目将使这个城镇受益匪浅。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Everyone at the meeting had different views the subject.
【写美】 一句多译
②在我看来，你应该向老师求助。
→ ， you should turn to your teacher for help.
→ ， you should turn to your teacher for help.
→ ， you should turn to your teacher for help.
→ ， you should turn to your teacher for help.
句型公式：the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ... 越……，就越……
【教材原句】 It was exercise for the brain； the more I learnt of a language， the more my brain would grow.这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言学得越多，我的智力就增长得越快。
【用法】
（1）the more ...， the less ...越……，就越不……
（2）此结构中，第一个“the＋比较级...”是表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来。
【品悟】 The more you know about our traditional culture， the more you are interested in it.你对我们的传统文化了解得越多，你就对它越感兴趣。
【写美】 完成句子
①At the same time， ， the deeper love I have for her.
与此同时，我对我的祖国了解得越多，我对她的爱就越深。
②The more friends they have， their lives will be.
他们拥有的朋友越多，他们的生活就越丰富多彩。
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.when 1 where 2 why 3 2.which 4 whom 5
即时演练1
①when ②why ③where ④when
即时演练2
①when ②that/which ③why ④where ⑤that/which
即时演练3
①to whom ②on which ③through which
④from whom
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①to make ②against/with ③struggled to his feet
2.①on/about ②In my opinion/view； As far as I’m concerned； From my point of view； The way I see it
3.①the more I know about my country
②the more colourful
5 / 5(共72张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Discovering Useful Structures
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
限制性定语从句（2）
1. It was a time when people were divided geographically.
2. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified
country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one
direction.
3. There are many reasons why this has been possible， but one of the
main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
4. These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by
ancient Chinese people.
5. The man to whom I spoke just now will deliver a speech in our school
next week.
【我的发现】
1. 关系副词 在定语从句中作时间状语（如句 ）；关系
副词 在定语从句中作地点状语（如句 ）；关系副
词 在定语从句中作原因状语（如句 ）。
2. 在“介词＋关系代词（which/whom）”引导的定语从句
中， 用于指代物（如句 ）； 用于指代人
（如句 ）。
when
1
where
2
why
3
which
4
whom
5
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when引导定语从句时，先行词为表示时间的名词，when在从句中作
时间状语。
The Mid-Autumn Festival is a time when each family has its members
get together.
中秋节是每一个家庭团圆的时候。
I’ll never forget the day when I was trapped in a burning house.
我永远不会忘记我被困在燃烧着的房子里的那一天。
2. where引导定语从句时，先行词为表示地点的名词，where在从句中
作地点状语。
After living in Paris for fifty years， he returned to the small town
where he grew up as a child.
在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。
Beijing is the cultural center of our country， where you can visit many
places of interest.
北京是我们国家的文化中心，在这里，你可以参观很多名胜古迹。
名师点津
where还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如situation、 stage、
position、 condition、 point、 case等。
I have reached a point in my life where I should make decisions of my
own.
我已经到了我人生中应该自己作决定的阶段了。
3. why引导定语从句时，先行词通常是reason， why在从句中作原
因状语。
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help
yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。
The reasons why I am writing to apply to be a volunteer are as follows.
我写信申请成为一名志愿者的原因如下。
【即时演练1】 用适当的关系副词填空
①I’ll never forget the day I received the admission letter from
Zhejiang University！
②The reason he was late was that he got stuck in the traffic.
③Keep the book in a place you can find it easily.
④It was a time I didn’t understand what death meant.
when
why
where
when
二、关系代词和关系副词的判断
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引
导，也可用关系副词引导。若关系词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系
副词；若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。
I’ll never forget the day that/which I spent with you on the farm.（关系代
词作spent的宾语）
我永远不会忘记和你在农场一起度过的那一天。
I’ll never forget the day when I worked with you on the farm.（关系副词
作时间状语， when＝on which）
我永远不会忘记和你一起在农场工作的那一天。
The reason why/for which you failed was that you had not
followed your mother’s advice.（定语从句中缺少状语，用why或
for which作原因状语）
你失败的原因是你没有听你母亲的忠告。
The reason that/which he gave at the meeting was not so convincing.（定
语从句中缺少宾语，用that或which，不用why）
他在会上给出的理由不太令人信服。
【即时演练2】 用适当的关系词填空
①It happened in November the weather was wet and cold.
②The reason her husband explained sounded reasonable.
③The reason I write this letter to you is that I have a problem in
respect of the writing style.
④I’d like to live in the house there is plenty of sunshine.
⑤This is the house was built by my grandfather forty years
ago.
when
that/which
why
where
that/which
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关
系代词（which/whom）”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋
whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose
（作定语）。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。
The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.
金先生所在公司的老板听说了这起事故。
2. “介词＋关系代词（which/whom）”中介词选择的三个原则“一先、
二动、三意义”。
（1）“一先”，即根据先行词的习惯搭配或意义来确定介词。
The factory in which I’m working mainly produces computers.
我所在的工厂主要生产电脑。
（2）“二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词的习惯搭配来确定
介词。
This is the book about which we talked yesterday.
这就是我们昨天谈论过的那本书。
（3）“三意义”，即根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。
Mr Field graduated in 2009， after which he entered a famous IT
company.
菲尔德先生毕业于2009年，之后他进入一家知名的IT公司。
【即时演练3】 用“介词＋关系代词”填空
①The woman you spoke just now is our English teacher.
②This is the farm my father grows fruit and vegetables.
③There is a big window I can see the railway station.
④I have some American friends I have learned much
about the American customs.
to whom
on which
through which
from whom
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
struggle n.& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
【教材原句】 When I started studying German， it was a struggle.当我
开始学习德语时，那是一件困难的事。
【用法】
struggle for ... 努力争取……；
为……而斗争
struggle against/with ... 与……作斗争
struggle to do sth 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
【佳句】 We are willing to struggle for our beautiful future with our
healthy body and mind.
我们愿用健康的身心，为我们美好的未来而奋斗。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①From now on， I hope every one of us will struggle
（make） our dream come true.
②We have to struggle all kinds of difficulties from home
and abroad.
to make
against/with
【写美】 完成句子
③Though he was badly injured， he and went on
running.
虽然他伤得很重，但他挣扎着站了起来继续往前跑。
struggled to his feet
point of view 观点；看法
【教材原句】 I had finally come to a place where I could think in this
foreign language， and I could see the world from a different point of
view.
我终于达到了一个可以用这门外语思考的境地，并且我可以从一个不
同的角度看世界。
【用法】
【佳句】 ①From my point of view， you can have a better
understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.
在我看来，通过这些活动，你可以更好地了解春节。
②From an economic point of view， the new project will benefit the
town greatly.
从经济的角度来看，新项目将使这个城镇受益匪浅。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Everyone at the meeting had different views the subject.
on/about
【写美】 一句多译
②在我看来，你应该向老师求助。
→ ， you should turn to your teacher for help.
→ ， you should turn to your teacher for help.
→ ， you should turn to your teacher for help.
→ ， you should turn to your teacher for help.
In my opinion/view
As far as I’m concerned
From my point of view
The way I see it
句型公式：the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...越……，就越……
【教材原句】 It was exercise for the brain； the more I learnt of a
language， the more my brain would grow.
这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言学得越多，我的智力就增长得
越快。
【用法】
（1）the more ...， the less ...越……，就越不……
（2）此结构中，第一个“the＋比较级...”是表示条件的状语从句，在
表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来。
【品悟】 The more you know about our traditional culture， the more
you are interested in it.
你对我们的传统文化了解得越多，你就对它越感兴趣。
【写美】 完成句子
①At the same time， ， the deeper
love I have for her.
与此同时，我对我的祖国了解得越多，我对她的爱就越深。
②The more friends they have， their lives will be.
他们拥有的朋友越多，他们的生活就越丰富多彩。
the more I know about my country
the more colourful
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
用适当的关系词填空。
1. We have entered into an age almost everything can be done
on the Internet.
2. Nobody knows the reason she didn’t accept the invitation.
3. We went through a period communications were very difficult
in the rural areas.
when
why
when
4. We visited the car factory my uncle once worked three years
ago.
5. This is the factory I visited last year.
6. I’ll always remember the days I spent with villagers in
the mountains.
7. This is the place the famous headmaster delivered a speech.
8. I don’t know the reason for the athlete gave up halfway
through the competition.
where
that/which
which/that
where
which
9. I’ll never forget the day we celebrated your birthday with a
surprise party.
10. I’ll never forget the time we spent together in the army
camp.
11. They have reached the stage they are going to get married.
12. He is a teacher with rich experience， from we can learn a
lot.
13. The film in he played the leading role was a great success.
when
that/which
where
whom
which
14. I wanted to find someone whom I could share my travel
experience.
15. We have come to a point everyone has different opinions
and it is difficult to reach an agreement.
with
where
维度二：用定语从句合并句子
1. The man is in the next room.You are talking about the man.
→The man is in the next room.
2. My hometown has taken on a new look.I spent most of my childhood
there.
→My hometown has
taken on a new look.
about whom you are talking
in which/where I spent most of my childhood
3. We paid a visit to the coffee shop last summer.A writer wrote his famous
book in the coffee shop.
→Last summer we paid a visit to the coffee shop
.
4. I don’t know the reason.He didn’t come to the meeting yesterday for the
reason.
→I don’t know the reason
.
in which/where a
writer wrote his famous book
for which/why he didn’t come to the
meeting yesterday
5. I joined the organisation on that day.I will never forget the day.
→I will never forget the day
.
on which/when I joined the
organisation
维度三：语法与写作
根据汉语提示完成下面语段，尽可能地运用定语从句。
Dear Tom，
How are you doing these days？ I’m writing to tell you about our
school’s Sports Club，1.
（体育俱乐部经常为我们学生组织各种各样的活动）.
which often organises various activities for us
students
The Sports Club is located in our school’s gym，2.
（在体育俱乐部学生可以锻炼
身体或练习他们的技能）.At weekends，it is available for all students
3. （对体育赛事感兴趣的学
生）.4. （我们喜欢体育俱乐
部的原因） is that it enriches our campus lives.
All in all， all of us can work out for half an hour every day，
5. （通过锻炼我们可以增
强我们的体质）.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
where students
can take exercise or practise their skills
who are interested in sports events
The reason why we like the Sports Club
through which we can strengthen our body
维度四：语法与语篇
用适当的关系词完成下面短文。
Zhangzhou is a small city in southeast China 1. I grew
up.My family moved there from Xiamen in a summer 2. I was
born.The house 3. which I grew up was on a main street in
Zhangzhou.It was a nice house with a big garden 4. there were a
lot of nice flowers.My father sold tea， and my mother had a small
restaurant 5. there were always many customers.A cousin of
mine 6.
where
when
in
where
where
family I visited every summer lived with us.He was an apprentice
（学徒） 7. my father was teaching the tea business
to.On the first floor of our house， we had a huge kitchen 8. we
all gathered for dinner.I will never forget the happy days 9. we
were eating and talking happily.The bedrooms were upstairs.My brother
and my cousin slept in one bedroom.I slept in another 10. I
shared with Polly， the smartest bird that I had ever seen.
whose
who/whom/that
where
when
which/that
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When I was young， Mom wanted me to learn English， Chinese，
French and Japanese.I really like listening to different languages， and
that’s probably the reason I find it easy to listen， and write， in these
languages.Of the languages， I think Chinese is the hardest to learn.I made
many mistakes when I was learning.
Once， our Chinese teacher told us to write a sentence using the verb
“catch”.I wrote the sentence， “I from the river catch fish.” Later I realised
that I had made a grammatical mistake and the sentence should have
been，“I catch fish from the river.”
Another time， I misread “bird cloud” instead of “dark cloud”，
because the Chinese characters are very similar.Sometimes， the
characters can be translated into their literal （字面的） meaning， such
as， “xue dou” being translated into “snow pea”.However， if you
translated the characters “nan gua” into “south melon”， everyone would
laugh， because the correct translation should be “pumpkin”.
In Chinese， the characters of some words can be repeated， such as
“gao gao xing xing （happy）” and “zi zi xi xi （careful）”.They can also
be written “gao xing” and “zi xi”， but that doesn’t work every time.For
example， “xiu xiu da da （shy）” cannot be written as “xiu da”.
Chinese words for measurement are very difficult， too.I remember，
when I first started learning Chinese， I couldn’t understand these
words.Once， the teacher said，“There were three （tou） oxen on the
grassland.” The word “tou” means “a head”， but it is also a word for
measurement.Because I didn’t know this word very well， I thought
teacher said the ox had three heads.What a monster！
Even though Chinese is the hardest language to learn， I still try very
hard to learn， because I love Chinese.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要通过举一些实例，讲述了
自己学习中文的一些经历和体会。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要通过举一些实例，讲述了
自己学习中文的一些经历和体会。
1. What does the author want to show by giving an example in
Paragraph 2？
A. Chinese is very popular.
B. Chinese is very interesting.
C. Chinese is similar to English.
D. Chinese is different from English.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者所举例子说明中文
和英文有很大的不同。
2. The fact that the writer misread “bird cloud” shows some Chinese
characters .
A. look alike B. are hard to write
C. are hard to pronounce D. have similar meanings
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者举这个例子（将“乌
云”读作“鸟云”）主要是说明汉字看起来很相似。
3. Which of the following is right？
A. Bird cloud. B. Snow pea.
C. South melon. D. Xiu da.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，有些中文词语可以直
译，“雪豆”译为snow pea即为一例。
4. How does the writer develop the passage？
A. By telling some stories.
B. By offering some advice.
C. By giving some examples.
D. By answering some questions.
解析： 篇章结构题。综合全文可知，作者主要通过举一些实
例，讲述了自己学习中文的一些经历和体会。
B
When John Dougill first came to Japan 30 years ago， he noticed a
strange phrase adorning （装饰） his neighborhood butcher’s shop in
Kyoto.Instead of “meat shop”， its sign read “flesh shop”.
Dougill assumed shop staff weren’t aware of their English-language
error.But when he told the owners about it， they nodded politely at
him.But they didn’t change the sign.
“It didn’t matter if the sign said ‘flesh’ or ‘fresh’ or ‘meat’，” recalls
Dougill， a professor at Ryukoku University， who has researched the use
of English in Japan.“It was just there to catch people’s attention.It wasn’t
being used to communicate， as people could see it was a meat shop from
outside.”
It was Dougill’s first encounter with the Japanese phenomenon of
“Engrish” or “Japanglish”.Engrish is what happens when English mistakes
appear in Japanese advertising， on products like T-shirts and stationary，
or on restaurant menus.
In the West， Engrish is often viewed more as an example of
everyday racism （种族主义） intended to laugh at non-native English
speakers.It’s also not wholly a Japanese phenomenon.There’s “Konglish”
in Korea， “Singlish” in Singapore and “Chinglish” in China — all
referring to the different ways in which locals have repurposed English.
In Japan， Engrish falls into two categories： Decorative English is
used to create a mood and is purely targeted at Japanese people， while
Communicative English is meant to provide instructions to foreigners but is
often grammatically incorrect or misspelled.
According to the website — which showcases examples
of Engrish across the world—English in Japan is used as a design element
in products and advertising to give them a modern look and feel （or just
to “look cool”）.It’s not used to communicate a specific message， but
rather a mood.That’s particular to Japanese culture， where meanings are
often not clear but inferred.
“There is often no attempt to try to get Engrish right， nor do the vast
majority of the Japanese population ever attempt to read the English design
element in question，” the website states.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。中国有中式英文，日本有日式英
文。日式英文究竟在日本社会起着什么样的作用呢？
本文是一篇说明文。中国有中式英文，日本有日式英
文。日式英文究竟在日本社会起着什么样的作用呢？
5. Why did the owners refuse to change the sign according to Dougill？
A. They didn’t think it’s wrong.
B. They didn’t take it seriously.
C. It would bring economic loss.
D. It would cause inconvenience.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Dougill认为，改不改标
牌上的错误关系不大，因为英文单词只是用来吸引人们注意的，并
不是用来传递信息的。
6. What do we learn about Engrish？
A. It’s English spoken by Asians.
B. It’s English spoken by Japanese.
C. It’s popular in Western countries.
D. It’s made fun of by native speakers.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，Engrish指英语非母语国
家的人们所使用的英语，它往往被英语为母语国家的人们所取笑。
7. What is special about Decorative English in Japan？
A. It’s different from Engrish.
B. It’s intended for foreigners.
C. It focuses on form instead of content.
D. It uses correct grammar and spelling.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段可知，装饰性英文主要是给日
本本国人看的，而交流性英文才用来给外国人有效传递信息。也就
是说前者只关注形式而非内容。
8. What will happen according to the website ？
A. Engrish will disappear soon.
B. Engrish will become more popular.
C. Engrish will be an effective language.
D. Engrish will stay unchanged in Japan.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，这一网站
指出，在日本，没有人愿意去改正作为一种时髦和摆设的Engrish。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Green is an important color in nature.It is the color of grass and the
leaves on trees. 9
Sometimes， the word green means young， fresh and
growing.Sometimes， it describes something that is not yet ripe or
finished.For example， a greenhorn is someone who has no experience，
who is new to a situation.
Someone who has the ability to grow plants well is said to have a
green thumb. 10 A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic
touch that makes plants grow quickly and well.You might say that the
woman next door has a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long
after your plants have died.
The Green Revolution is the name given some years ago to the
development of new kinds of rice and other grains. 11 The Green
Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural scientists who had
green thumbs.
12 The green-eyed monster is not a frightening creature from
outer space.It is an expression used about four hundred years ago by British
writer William Shakespeare in his play “Othello”. 13 A young man
may suffer from the green-eyed monster if his girlfriend begins going out
with someone else.Or， that green-eyed monster may affect your friend if
you get a pay raise and she does not.
A. Green is generally a symbol of peace.
B. It is also the color of most growing plants.
C. The new plants produced much larger crops.
D. In most countries， a green light is a sign to move ahead.
E. It is believed that the expression comes from the early 1900s.
F. Green is also the color used to describe the powerful emotion， jealousy.
G. It describes the unpleasant feeling a person has when someone has
something he wants.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Green一词在英文中除了“绿色”之
外，还有其他的含义。
9. B 本段是对green的概述，上句It is ...正好与B项It is also ...相
吻合。
本文是一篇说明文。Green一词在英文中除了“绿色”之
外，还有其他的含义。
10. E 上句提到了have a green thumb这一词组，E项则是对这一词组
的补充说明。
11. C 上句提到了new kinds of rice and other grains，C项中的The new
plants与之相对应。
12. F 根据下文可知，green-eyed monster表示一种强烈的负面情绪，
故F项符合语境。
13. G 根据下文可知，green-eyed monster表达“嫉妒”之意，G项正好
是对此短语的详细解释。
Ⅲ.语法填空
In Chinese literature， the Tang period 14 （consider） the
golden age of Chinese poetry.
300 Tang Poems is a compilation （汇编） of poems from this
period 15 （make） around 1763 by Hengtang Tuishi （Sun Zhu）
of the Qing Dynasty.Sun’s motivation for compiling the collection resulted
from his dissatisfaction 16 the then popular textbook， Poems by a
Thousand Poets， an 17 （early） collection from the Tang and Song
periods.
Sun made his own selection of Tang poems based on their popularity
and effectiveness in cultivating （培养） character. 18 it represented
equally well each of the classical poetic forms and the best works
by 19 most well-known Tang poets， Sun’s collection became a
bestseller soon after its publication.It 20 （use） for centuries since
then to teach elementary students to read and write， and also to cultivate
character.Sun’s collection is still a classic today.Nearly every Chinese
household owns a copy of the book and the poems from it 21 （be）
still included in textbooks.There is a very famous saying： “ 22
（learn） three hundred Tang poems by heart， you can chant poems
though you do not know the art.”
There were 311 poems in the 23 （origin） collection of 300
Tang Poems， and additional poems were added later on.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了中国的唐诗及《唐
诗三百首》一书。
14. is considered 考查动词的时态和语态。这里表示唐朝“被看作”中
国诗歌的黄金时代，另外，这是一个现存的客观事实，因此用一般现
在时的被动语态。
15. made 考查非谓语动词。这里表示《唐诗三百首》一书“被编辑、
被制作”，因此用过去分词作后置定语。
本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了中国的唐诗及《唐
诗三百首》一书。
16. with 考查介词。dissatisfaction with 是固定搭配，表示“对……的
不满意”。
17. earlier 考查形容词的比较级。这里提到的《千家诗》是比《唐诗
三百首》更早的一本诗集，因此用形容词的比较级。
18. Because/As 考查状语从句。后面一个分句解释了《唐诗三百首》
受欢迎的原因，因此用连词Because或As。
19. the 考查冠词。most well-known是最高级形式，因此前面应用定
冠词the。
20. has been used 考查动词的时态和语态。本句的时间状语是for
centuries since then，另外这里表示被动含义，因此用现在完成时的被
动语态。
21. are 考查主谓一致。本分句的主语是the poems，因此用are。
22. Learning 考查非谓语动词。本句已经有主语和谓语，这里需要状
语；由于learn这一动作由句子主语发出，表主动概念，因此用
Learning。
23. original 考查词形转换。本空后面的collection是一个名词，因此
用形容词来修饰它。
谢谢观看！
