(共74张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Discovering Useful Structures
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
限制性定语从句（3）
1. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new， and it is
not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards
the future.
2. Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and
destroy cultural relics that （which） were an important part of
Egypt’s cultural heritage.
4. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece， and
then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe
from the water.
3. After listening to the scientists who（that） had studied the problem，
and citizens who （that） lived near the dam， the government turned
to the United Nations for help in 1959.
【我的发现】
以上句子中，句 是由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句；
句 是由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句。
2、3
1、4
一、 关系代词引导限制性定语从句
关系
代词 先行词 句法功能
who 人 主语、宾语（作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略）
whom 人 宾语（在限制性定语从句中可省略）
whose 人或物 定语
that 人或物 主语、宾语或表语（作宾语或表语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略）
which 物 主语、宾语（作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略）
The film （which/that） I saw a few days ago is well worth seeing.
我几天前看过的那部电影很值得一看。
The festival attracted many gifted students who showed their skills and
love for music.
音乐节吸引了许多才华横溢的学生，他们展示了自己的技能和对音乐
的热爱。
Zhang Guimei is a woman whose name is known all over the country，
who makes great contributions to education.
张桂梅是一位全国闻名的女性，她为教育事业作出了巨大贡献。
【即时演练1】 用适当的关系代词填空
①The book is intended for the students native language is not
English.
②I read a report about his new novel will soon be
published.
③Students were good at sports made full preparations for the
sports festival.
④This is the new secretary （ ） I would like to
introduce to you.
⑤I’m looking forward to taking part in the activity will
be held in the school lecture hall on 19 June.
whose
which/that
who
that/whom/who
which/that
二、关系副词引导限制性定语从句
关系副词 先行词 句法功能
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
这就是他们去年暑假工作的工厂。
The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didn’t study hard.
他考试不及格的原因是他学习不努力。
I still remember the days when you taught me English.
我仍然记得你教我英语的日子。
This is the very factory where they ever worked last summer holiday.
【即时演练2】 用适当的关系副词填空
①We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of
coming true.
②The English Corner is an activity we can practice our spoken
English.
③My son has come to a stage he can speak out sentences
instead of single words.
④What I want to know is the reason the Great Wall was built.
when
where
where
why
三、关系代词和关系副词的判断方法
方法 依据
根据从句的谓语动词 若是及物动词，后面无宾语，用关系代词；若是不及物动词，则用关系副词
根据关系词在从句中所作的成分 把关系词放入定语从句中，若作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若作状语，则用关系副词
I visited the village where many children couldn’t go to school because
of poverty.（作状语）
我参观了那个因为贫困而导致很多孩子不能上学的村庄。
I visited the village which/that is famous for its beautiful
scenery.（作主语）
我参观了那个因美丽的景色而闻名的村庄。
I will never forget the days when we lived in the countryside.（作状语）
我永远不会忘记我们住在乡下的那些日子。
I will never forget the days that/which we spent together in the
countryside.（作宾语）
我永远不会忘记我们在乡下一起度过的那些日子。
【即时演练3】 用适当的关系词填空
①We will be shown around some places visitors seldom
visit.
②We will be shown around some places visitors seldom go.
③I’ll never forget those years we worked together to complete
the project.
④I’ll never forget those years we spent together to
complete the project.
⑤When he stood in front of the house he grew up as a child，
he saw a lady standing in the entrance.
which/that
where
when
which/that
where
四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句选用介词的依据
1. 根据定语从句中动词或形容词的搭配习惯。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
（be famous for 因……而出名）
昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因它而出名。
2. 根据与先行词搭配的具体意义。
More importantly， there are teachers online to whom you can turn for
help.（turn to 向……求助）
更为重要的是，有一些你可以在线求助的老师。
3. 根据句子所表达的意思来确定。
I am good at spoken English， as a result of which I can communicate
with foreigners fluently.
我擅长英语口语，因此我能够流利地和外国人交流。
4. 表示所属关系或整体中的一部分时，通常用介词of。
Julie was good at German， French and Russian， all of which she
spoke very fluently.
朱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三种语言她都说得很流利。
5. “the＋名词＋of＋which/whom”或“of＋which/whom＋the＋名
词”引导的定语从句，可与“whose＋名词”替换。
We’ve planned to hold an English drama festival， the theme of
which/of which the theme is Love English and Love Drama.
→We’ve planned to hold an English drama festival， whose theme is
Love English and Love Drama.
我们计划举办一个英语戏剧节，它的主题是“爱英语，爱戏剧”。
名师点津
在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look
after、 look for等。
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.（正确）
The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.（错误）
【即时演练4】 单句语法填空
①I can’t believe the restaurant at I have eaten such wonderful
meals is going to close down.
②You should make some Chinese friends with you can
communicate frequently.
③The woman writer wrote many children’s books， nearly half
of were published in the 1990s.
④I’d like you to explain the reason which you were late for the
meeting.
which
whom
which
for
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
entrance n.入口；进入
【教材原句】 We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to
the Great Pyramid.
我们在金字塔入口处遇到了一位专业的考古学家。
【用法】
（1）the entrance to ... ……的入口
the College Entrance Examination 高考
（2）enter vi.& vt. 进入
【佳句】 If you are free， I’ll meet you at the entrance to the music
hall at 7：00 this evening.
如果你有空的话，我今晚7点在音乐厅门口等你。
【联想】 “the＋名词＋to”结构
the answer to ... ……的答案
the key to ... ……的关键
the solution to ... ……的方法
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Let’s make it at 6：20 at the entrance the Capital Stadium.
②After he found the to the building， he the hall without making a sound.（enter）
to
entrance
entered
【写美】 完成句子
③He ， which made his
parents very proud.
他通过了大学入学考试，这使他父母非常自豪。
passed the College Entrance Examination
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
1. The reason I was late was that my car broke down on the
way.
2. Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little
girl mother was unable to pay for her holiday because of
illness.
why
whose
3. The dogs were well trained by their masters had great
experience in caring for these animals.
4. The Spring Festival is a time family members get together to
ring out the Old Year and ring in the New Year.
5. They are looking for people want to join the reading
club.
6. Since then great changes have taken place in the factory we
are working.
who/that
when
who/that
where
7. It’s known to all that China is a country has rich
cultural heritage.
8. I’m writing to explain to you the reason I was late for your
lecture last time.
9. I am looking forward to the day my little son can read this
book and know my feelings.
10. I never forget this summer vacation， I spent the happy
days with my friends.
which/that
why
when
when
维度二：用定语从句合并下列句子
1. He will visit the famous dam in two weeks.It was built in 1900.
→He will visit the famous dam in two
weeks.
which/that was built in 1900
2. The student will donate some books to the children in rural areas.We
saw him at the school gate.
→The student will
donate some books to the children in rural areas.
3. I want to talk to the boys.Their homework hasn’t been handed in.
→I want to talk to the boys .
（who/whom/that） we saw at the school gate
whose homework hasn’t been handed
in
4. I still remember the day.On the day I was promoted as the manager of
this department.
→I still remember the day
.
5. He grew up in a small town.After graduation， he returned to the small
town.
→After graduation， he returned to the small town
.
when I was promoted as the manager of
this department
where he grew
up
维度三：语法与语篇
用适当的关系词完成下面语段。
There was a time 1. I was tired of learning English and
disliked to speak English.And this was the reason 2. my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club， 3. I met many strangers， I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，my guide teacher 4. name was Li Yang， communicated with me face to face， from 5. I gained some useful instructions.He also showed me a good partner， and we got along well
when
why
where
whose
whom
with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6. we did.The guide teacher 7. encouraged me to fall in love with English should be thanked.Now I feel it interesting to learn English， into
8. I put my entire energy.Every day I will read my words and passages aloud.In class I will join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep， I will recall my passages， through 9. I can memorize a large number of new words.10. our English teacher says，“As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance， we will conquer English sooner or later.”
that/which
who/that
which
which
As
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·徐州高一上学期期末）The 24 solar terms， based on the
sun’s position in the zodiac （黄道带）， were created by farmers in
ancient China to guide the agricultural affairs and farming activities.The
24 solar terms reflect the changes in climate， natural phenomena，
agricultural production， and other aspects of human life， including
clothing， food， housing， and transportation.The 24 solar terms play
important roles and have greatly influenced people’s basic needs in life，
and they still have an important function nowadays.
During the Shang Dynasty， ancient people have decided 4 solar
terms： The Spring Equinox （Chun Fen）， The Summer Solstice （Xia
Zhi）， The Autumn Equinox （Qiu Fen）， The Winter Solstice
（Dong Zhi） by observing the shadow at noon.When the shadow is
shortest in a year， it is Summer Solstice， the longest is Winter Solstice
and the moderate is Spring Equinox or Autumn Equinox.In the Zhou
Dynasty， eight solar terms were used.In 104 BCE， the astronomical
positions of 24 solar terms were decided.
These twenty-four solar terms each suggest the position of the sun
every time it travels 15 degrees on the ecliptic longitude （黄经）.A cycle
is that the Earth revolves around the sun for one time.It begins from the
Beginning of Spring （Li Chun） and ends at Greater Cold （Da
Han）.In each month there are often two solar terms： the first one is
generally named “Jie Qi” and the other one “Zhong Qi”.
These solar terms have meaningful titles.Some of them reflect the
change of seasons such as the Beginning of Spring， the Beginning of
Summer， the Beginning of Autumn， and the Beginning of Winter；
some embody the phenomena of climate like the Waking of Insects （Jing
Zhe）， Pure Brightness （Qing Ming）， Lesser Fullness of Grain
（Xiao Man） and Grain in Beard （Mang Zhong）； some indicate the
change of climate like Rain Water （Yu Shui）， Grain Rain （Gu
Yu）， Lesser Heat （Xiao Shu）， Greater Heat （Da Shu）， and so
on.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。二十四节气是中国古代农民根据气
候变化对一年进行的节令划分。在国际气象界，二十四节气被誉为
“中国的第五大发明”。2016年11月30日，二十四节气被正式列入
联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。二十四节气是中国古代农民根据气
候变化对一年进行的节令划分。在国际气象界，二十四节气被誉为
“中国的第五大发明”。2016年11月30日，二十四节气被正式列入
联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。
1. Why were the 24 solar terms created？（ ）
A. To help farmers with farming.
B. To help soldiers to fight in wars.
C. To enrich traditional Chinese culture.
D. To help people know about the weather.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，二十四节气由中国古代
农民创造，用来指导农业事务和农业活动。
2. What’s the second paragraph mainly about？（ ）
A. How the 24 solar terms work.
B. Why the 24 solar terms are popular.
C. The history of the 24 solar terms.
D. The importance of the 24 solar terms.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第二段可知，本段主要讲述了二十四
节气的发展历史。
3. What decides each of the 24 solar terms？（ ）
A. The sun’s position.
B. The Earth’s position.
C. The sun’s movement.
D. The Earth’s movement.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，二十四节气分别
表示太阳在黄道经度上运行15度时所处的位置。
4. Which of the following indicates the phenomena of climate？（ ）
A. Rain Water.
B. Greater Heat.
C. The Waking of Insects.
D. The Beginning of Summer.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，二十四节气中有些表
达了气候现象，如惊蛰。
B
（2024·山东六校高一下学期联考）It was one of those days when
there was way too much to do.I had fallen behind in most of my household
chores.
After breakfast， I sat down at the computer to write an article.My
youngest daughter， Julia， walked towards me.“But， Mommy， I
thought we were going to do something fun today，” she said.“Since
it’s our day off from school.” “I know it’s your day off， but it’s
not Mommy’s day off，” I explained.
“Can you play a game with me？” she begged.“Like Candy
Land？ Or Beauty Shop？” I sighed.I really didn’t have time to play.I
desperately needed to get some work done.But then I had an idea.“Can
we play Beauty Shop while I work？” So I got my article done， and my
toenails （脚趾甲） painted at the same time.My oldest， Austin，
volunteered to fix lunch so I could keep working.Shortly after lunch， we
went to the grocery store and I got what I needed.Back at home， the kids
decided to play “Grocery Store”.For the remainder of the afternoon， I
cleaned house， folded laundry， and started dinner.The kids continued
with their game until my husband， Eric， walked through the door.
He spotted me and grinned.“So how was the kids’ big day off
today？” I began to explain that we hadn’t done anything special.But
my two middle kids， Jordan and Lea interrupted me.They piped up to
tell their dad，“We had such a special day today， Dad！
” I looked at my children’s faces.They were lit up with
excitement.
It was a
blast！
I nodded， realising how right he was.Happiness is far more about
our attitude than our circumstances.I hugged my kids and thanked them
for reminding me to look for happiness in the little things.Julia smiled and
said，“And the little things that make you the happiest are us， right，
Mommy？” Wow， my kids sure are smart.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过描述自己平凡一天的经
历，告诉我们这样一个道理：我们从生活的平凡小事中也能获得快
乐和幸福。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过描述自己平凡一天的经
历，告诉我们这样一个道理：我们从生活的平凡小事中也能获得快
乐和幸福。
5. How did Julia probably feel hearing what her mother said in Paragraph
2？（ ）
A. Quite satisfied.
B. Quite surprised.
C. A little confused.
D. A little disappointed.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段结尾可知，作者说的这句话等
于是拒绝了女儿做游戏的要求。由此判断，女儿会感到有点失望。
6. Why did the author agree to play Beauty Shop？（ ）
A. She decided to relax herself.
B. She planned to finish her work.
C. She liked the game very much.
D. She wanted to keep her promise.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者之所以答应玩
Beauty Shop这个游戏，是因为她可以一边玩游戏，一边完成写作
任务。
7. What does the underlined sentence “It was a blast！” in Paragraph 4
probably mean？（ ）
A. It was different. B. It was ordinary.
C. It was amazing. D. It was successful.
解析： 句意理解题。根据下文可知，孩子们脸上洋溢着兴奋的
表情。由此判断，这一天他们过得非常精彩和开心。
8. What message does the author intend to convey in this text？（ ）
A. Family life brings us greatest joy.
B. Life is made up of small pleasures.
C. Happiness can be gained in little things.
D. Little things can make a great difference.
解析： 主旨大意题。综合全文可知，作者描述的这一天所发生
的虽然都是生活中一些平平淡淡的小事，但它们给孩子们及自己带
来了幸福与快乐。因此C项最能概括全文主旨。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·重庆高一下学期月考）When you start your homework，
deal with the hardest parts first.It’s tempting （吸引人的） to start with
the easy stuff to get it out of the way， but you’ll have the most energy
and focus when you begin， so it’s best to use this mental power on the
subjects that are most challenging.9.（ ）
If you get stuck on a problem， try to figure it out as best you can —
but don’t spend too much time on it because this can mess up your
homework schedule for the rest of the night.10.（ ） But don’t pick
someone you’ll be up all night chatting with or you’ll never get it
done！
Most people’s attention spans （跨度） aren’t very long， so take
some breaks while doing your homework.Sitting for too long without
relaxing will make you less productive than if you stop every so often.11.
（ ）
Sometimes even though you’re paying attention in class， studying
for tests， and doing your homework， certain classes seem too hard.You
may hope that things will get easier or that the answers will magically
appear in your dreams.12.（ ）
What does happen for some students is that they work harder and
harder as they fall further and further behind.13.（ ） If you need
extra help， the most important thing to know is that there’s nothing
strange or embarrassing about it.No one is expected to understand
everything， and people have very different learning styles.
A. It’s not necessary to ask your parents for help.
B. However， most of the time this doesn’t happen.
C. It usually takes some time to finish homework every day.
D. Later， when you’re more tired， you can focus on the simpler
things.
E. Naturally， this makes them hate a class and everything to do with it.
F. Taking a 15-minute break every hour is a good idea for most students.
G. If you need to， ask an adult for help or call or email a classmate for
advice.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。家庭作业是我们生活中的一部分，
文章就如何完成家庭作业给我们提供了一些可行的建议。
9. D 上句建议写作业时先应对难的部分，因此接下来就应该是完成
容易的部分，故D项符合语境。
10. G 下句告诉我们不要找那种会长时间跟我们聊天的人，因此上
句应该是建议我们选择合适的人或方式去求助，故G项符合语境。
11. F 上句说明长时间连续做作业的危害，下句应该是建议我们适当
地休息，故F项符合语境。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。家庭作业是我们生活中的一部分，
文章就如何完成家庭作业给我们提供了一些可行的建议。
12. B 上句说我们可能会期待问题的答案会奇迹般地出现在梦中，
下句指出这是不可能发生的，故B项符合语境。
13. E 上文指出有些同学虽然学习很努力但成绩依然下降，这自然
会使得他们厌学，故E项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
I didn’t grow up in a very loving family.In fact， there are few， if
any， happy 14 I have of my childhood involving my family members.
There was another family in town that was quite 15 to
mine.They had a lot of children like my own family.They attended the
same church.I always 16 what it would be like if my family were
more like them.They never knew it， but I watched them and 17
them.They were happy and close — everything I 18 my family could
be.
Decades later， I found myself back at that very same 19 for my
mother’s funeral.As I 20 the church， I remembered the warm
smiles of that 21 when I was a child.
After the funeral service， I heard a（n） 22 voice call my
name.I 23 and he was there， the 24 of that family.He was a
church volunteer.We chatted for a bit.I pointed out my 25 to him and
it was at that point that I 26 I was raising my boy in a way I had seen
him raise his own children so long ago.He didn’t realise it， 27 my
son’s life has been greatly influenced by him.
Live your life with care.You never know who’s 28 ， who you
will inspire and whose life you’ll change.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者从小受到一位邻居的影响，他
（她）后来以这位邻居为榜样去教育自己的儿子。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者从小受到一位邻居的影响，他
（她）后来以这位邻居为榜样去教育自己的儿子。
14. A. partners B. journeys
C. memories D. occasions
解析： 上文指出作者的家庭环境不幸福，因此他（她）的童
年很少有幸福的回忆。
15. A. similar B. obvious
C. unique D. friendly
解析： 根据下面两句信息可知，这个家庭跟作者的家庭非常
相似。
16. A. expected B. wondered
C. proposed D. supposed
解析： 作者很好奇地在思考：如果自己的家人和那家人一样
会怎么样。wonder感到好奇，想知道。
17. A. imagined B. admired
C. doubted D. ignored
解析： 根据上下文可知，作者很羡慕这个幸福的家庭。
18. A. decided B. predicted
C. suspected D. wished
解析： 由于羡慕对方的家庭，所以作者渴望自己的家庭也是
这样。
19. A. church B. school
C. house D. city
解析： 作者上文提到了家乡的教堂，这里指自己多年后又回
到了这个教堂。
20. A. visited B. searched
C. approached D. described
解析： 当作者走近教堂时，小时候的各种记忆都涌上心头。
21. A. family B. teacher C. boy D. girl
解析： 在众多记忆中，印象最深的自然是那一家人幸福的
微笑。
22. A. strange B. familiar
C. attractive D. interesting
解析： 根据下文可知，跟作者说话的正是多年前的那位父
亲，因此声音应该是熟悉的。
23. A. came across B. took over
C. set down D. turned around
24. A. owner B. father
C. guest D. parent
解析： 听到有人叫自己，作者自然是转过身。turn around
转身。
解析： 根据下文可知，这个人正是多年前作者偷偷观察的那
位父亲。
25. A. friend B. child
C. present D. sister
解析： 下句中的I was raising my boy暗示，这里作者给那位父
亲介绍自己的孩子。
26. A. indicated B. suggested
C. realised D. confirmed
解析： 此刻，作者意识到自己正是按照那位父亲的方式来教
育自己的孩子。
27. A. but B. so C. unless D. because
解析： 作者认为，自己儿子的生活在很大程度上受到了那位
父亲的影响，虽然对方对此一无所知。前后两个分句存在转折关
系，因此选择并列连词but。
28. A. waiting B. studying
C. listening D. watching
解析： 作者在第二段提到but I watched them，他（她）从小偷
偷观察那位父亲并受到积极的影响。这里作者建议我们都要正直
做人，因为周围有人观察着我们。
Ⅳ.语法填空
The 20th World Kite Championship has seen 29. total
of 137 teams comprising 465 participants from 46 countries and regions
compete in the event， showcasing 509 kites in China’s capital of
kites， Weifang， in east China’s Shandong Province.
The event 30. （hold） during the weekend in
conjunction with （与……一起） the city’s 41st International Kite
Festival and 2024 Kite Carnival， 31. （make） Weifang a
real hotspot for kite artisans and lovers this spring.
32. （know） as China’s “kite capital”，
Weifang boasts a long history of manufacturing and flying kites and is
endowed with a rich historical and cultural heritage.
The tradition of kite-flying in Weifang can be traced back
33. the Song Dynasty when it began to gain popularity
among the general public.It further flourished during the Ming Dynasty
and became a widespread practice during the Qing Dynasty，
34. kites were flown across the country.Weifang kites are
well-known for 35. （they） graceful designs， brilliant
craftsmanship and bright colors.
To boost public 36. （participate） this year， the
city integrated the kite festival with a carnival， with the aim of holding
regular kite-themed 37. （activity） throughout the year.
Hundreds of kite lovers from around the world came to China’s
“kite capital”. Kites of all shapes and sizes 38. （be）
flying in the sky during the 41st Weifang International Kite Festival.A kite
in the shape of the China-Europe freight train attracted all people’s
attention in particular.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。2024年4月20日，第20届世界风筝
锦标赛暨第41届潍坊国际风筝会在位于潍坊的世界风筝公园举行，
共有来自46个国家和地区的137支队伍、465人参赛，参赛风筝509
29. a 考查冠词。a total of是一个固定短语，表示“总共；总计”。
30. was held 考查动词的时态和语态。这里表示“第41届潍坊国际风
筝会被举办”，且发生在过去，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。2024年4月20日，第20届世界风筝
锦标赛暨第41届潍坊国际风筝会在位于潍坊的世界风筝公园举行，
共有来自46个国家和地区的137支队伍、465人参赛，参赛风筝509
只。
31. making 考查非谓语动词。由于逗号后面部分表示补充说
明，且此处前面句子与make之间是主动关系，因此用动词-ing形
式作结果状语。
32. Known 考查非谓语动词。这里表示“潍坊以‘风筝之都’被人
们所知”，因此用表示被动概念的过去分词作状语。注意句首单词首
字母要大写。
33. to 考查介词。这里be traced back to相当于be dated back to，表示
“追溯到”。
34. when 考查定语从句。本空前面的the Qing Dynasty是一个先行
词，这里应用关系副词when引导一个非限制性定语从句来修饰它。
35. their 考查代词。本空后面是三个并列的名词短语，因此这里应
用形容词性物主代词来修饰它们。
36. participation 考查词形转换。本空前面是动词boost，因此这里应
用名词作其宾语。
37. activities 考查名词复数。这里提到的与风筝相关的活动显然是
很多种，因此应用名词复数形式。
38. were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句主语是Kites，且根据语
境可知表示过去，因此这里应用were。
谢谢观看！Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
维度一：基础题型练
1.The reason I was late was that my car broke down on the way.
2.Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl mother was unable to pay for her holiday because of illness.
3.The dogs were well trained by their masters had great experience in caring for these animals.
4.The Spring Festival is a time family members get together to ring out the Old Year and ring in the New Year.
5.They are looking for people want to join the reading club.
6.Since then great changes have taken place in the factory we are working.
7.It’s known to all that China is a country has rich cultural heritage.
8.I’m writing to explain to you the reason I was late for your lecture last time.
9.I am looking forward to the day my little son can read this book and know my feelings.
10.I never forget this summer vacation， I spent the happy days with my friends.
维度二：用定语从句合并下列句子
1.He will visit the famous dam in two weeks.It was built in 1900.
→He will visit the famous dam in two weeks.
2.The student will donate some books to the children in rural areas.We saw him at the school gate.
→The student will donate some books to the children in rural areas.
3. I want to talk to the boys.Their homework hasn’t been handed in.
→I want to talk to the boys
.
4. I still remember the day.On the day I was promoted as the manager of this department.
→I still remember the day
.
5. He grew up in a small town.After graduation， he returned to the small town.
→After graduation， he returned to the small town .
维度三：语法与语篇
用适当的关系词完成下面语段。
There was a time 1. I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this was the reason 2. my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club， 3. I met many strangers， I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，my guide teacher 4. name was Li Yang， communicated with me face to face， from 5. I gained some useful instructions.He also showed me a good partner， and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6. we did.The guide teacher 7. encouraged me to fall in love with English should be thanked.Now I feel it interesting to learn English， into 8. I put my entire energy.Every day I will read my words and passages aloud.In class I will join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep， I will recall my passages， through 9. I can memorize a large number of new words.10. our English teacher says，“As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance， we will conquer English sooner or later.”
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·徐州高一上学期期末）The 24 solar terms， based on the sun’s position in the zodiac （黄道带）， were created by farmers in ancient China to guide the agricultural affairs and farming activities.The 24 solar terms reflect the changes in climate， natural phenomena， agricultural production， and other aspects of human life， including clothing， food， housing， and transportation.The 24 solar terms play important roles and have greatly influenced people’s basic needs in life， and they still have an important function nowadays.
During the Shang Dynasty， ancient people have decided 4 solar terms： The Spring Equinox （Chun Fen）， The Summer Solstice （Xia Zhi）， The Autumn Equinox （Qiu Fen）， The Winter Solstice （Dong Zhi） by observing the shadow at noon.When the shadow is shortest in a year， it is Summer Solstice， the longest is Winter Solstice and the moderate is Spring Equinox or Autumn Equinox.In the Zhou Dynasty， eight solar terms were used.In 104 BCE， the astronomical positions of 24 solar terms were decided.
These twenty-four solar terms each suggest the position of the sun every time it travels 15 degrees on the ecliptic longitude （黄经）.A cycle is that the Earth revolves around the sun for one time.It begins from the Beginning of Spring （Li Chun） and ends at Greater Cold （Da Han）.In each month there are often two solar terms： the first one is generally named “Jie Qi” and the other one “Zhong Qi”.
These solar terms have meaningful titles.Some of them reflect the change of seasons such as the Beginning of Spring， the Beginning of Summer， the Beginning of Autumn， and the Beginning of Winter； some embody the phenomena of climate like the Waking of Insects （Jing Zhe）， Pure Brightness （Qing Ming）， Lesser Fullness of Grain （Xiao Man） and Grain in Beard （Mang Zhong）； some indicate the change of climate like Rain Water （Yu Shui）， Grain Rain （Gu Yu）， Lesser Heat （Xiao Shu）， Greater Heat （Da Shu）， and so on.
1.Why were the 24 solar terms created？（ ）
A.To help farmers with farming. B.To help soldiers to fight in wars.
C.To enrich traditional Chinese culture. D.To help people know about the weather.
2.What’s the second paragraph mainly about？（ ）
A.How the 24 solar terms work. B.Why the 24 solar terms are popular.
C.The history of the 24 solar terms. D.The importance of the 24 solar terms.
3.What decides each of the 24 solar terms？（ ）
A.The sun’s position. B.The Earth’s position.
C.The sun’s movement. D.The Earth’s movement.
4.Which of the following indicates the phenomena of climate？（ ）
A.Rain Water. B.Greater Heat.
C.The Waking of Insects. D.The Beginning of Summer.
B
（2024·山东六校高一下学期联考）It was one of those days when there was way too much to do.I had fallen behind in most of my household chores.
After breakfast， I sat down at the computer to write an article.My youngest daughter， Julia， walked towards me.“But， Mommy， I thought we were going to do something fun today，” she said.“Since it’s our day off from school.” “I know it’s your day off， but it’s not Mommy’s day off，” I explained.
“Can you play a game with me？” she begged.“Like Candy Land？ Or Beauty Shop？” I sighed.I really didn’t have time to play.I desperately needed to get some work done.But then I had an idea.“Can we play Beauty Shop while I work？” So I got my article done， and my toenails （脚趾甲） painted at the same time.My oldest， Austin， volunteered to fix lunch so I could keep working.Shortly after lunch， we went to the grocery store and I got what I needed.Back at home， the kids decided to play “Grocery Store”.For the remainder of the afternoon， I cleaned house， folded laundry， and started dinner.The kids continued with their game until my husband， Eric， walked through the door.
He spotted me and grinned.“So how was the kids’ big day off today？” I began to explain that we hadn’t done anything special.But my two middle kids， Jordan and Lea interrupted me.They piped up to tell their dad，“We had such a special day today， Dad！ It was a blast！” I looked at my children’s faces.They were lit up with excitement.
I nodded， realising how right he was.Happiness is far more about our attitude than our circumstances.I hugged my kids and thanked them for reminding me to look for happiness in the little things.Julia smiled and said，“And the little things that make you the happiest are us， right， Mommy？” Wow， my kids sure are smart.
5.How did Julia probably feel hearing what her mother said in Paragraph 2？（ ）
A.Quite satisfied. B.Quite surprised.
C.A little confused. D.A little disappointed.
6.Why did the author agree to play Beauty Shop？（ ）
A.She decided to relax herself. B.She planned to finish her work.
C.She liked the game very much. D.She wanted to keep her promise.
7.What does the underlined sentence “It was a blast！” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？（ ）
A.It was different. B.It was ordinary.
C.It was amazing. D.It was successful.
8.What message does the author intend to convey in this text？（ ）
A.Family life brings us greatest joy. B.Life is made up of small pleasures.
C.Happiness can be gained in little things. D.Little things can make a great difference.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·重庆高一下学期月考）When you start your homework， deal with the hardest parts first.It’s tempting （吸引人的） to start with the easy stuff to get it out of the way， but you’ll have the most energy and focus when you begin， so it’s best to use this mental power on the subjects that are most challenging.9.（ ）
If you get stuck on a problem， try to figure it out as best you can — but don’t spend too much time on it because this can mess up your homework schedule for the rest of the night.10.（ ） But don’t pick someone you’ll be up all night chatting with or you’ll never get it done！
Most people’s attention spans （跨度） aren’t very long， so take some breaks while doing your homework.Sitting for too long without relaxing will make you less productive than if you stop every so often.11.（ ）
Sometimes even though you’re paying attention in class， studying for tests， and doing your homework， certain classes seem too hard.You may hope that things will get easier or that the answers will magically appear in your dreams.12.（ ）
What does happen for some students is that they work harder and harder as they fall further and further behind.13.（ ） If you need extra help， the most important thing to know is that there’s nothing strange or embarrassing about it.No one is expected to understand everything， and people have very different learning styles.
A. It’s not necessary to ask your parents for help.
B.However， most of the time this doesn’t happen.
C.It usually takes some time to finish homework every day.
D.Later， when you’re more tired， you can focus on the simpler things.
E.Naturally， this makes them hate a class and everything to do with it.
F.Taking a 15-minute break every hour is a good idea for most students.
G.If you need to， ask an adult for help or call or email a classmate for advice.
Ⅲ.完形填空
I didn’t grow up in a very loving family.In fact， there are few， if any， happy 14 I have of my childhood involving my family members.
There was another family in town that was quite 15 to mine.They had a lot of children like my own family.They attended the same church.I always 16 what it would be like if my family were more like them.They never knew it， but I watched them and 17 them.They were happy and close — everything I 18 my family could be.
Decades later， I found myself back at that very same 19 for my mother’s funeral.As I 20 the church， I remembered the warm smiles of that 21 when I was a child.
After the funeral service， I heard a（n） 22 voice call my name.I 23 and he was there， the 24 of that family.He was a church volunteer.We chatted for a bit.I pointed out my 25 to him and it was at that point that I 26 I was raising my boy in a way I had seen him raise his own children so long ago.He didn’t realise it， 27 my son’s life has been greatly influenced by him.
Live your life with care.You never know who’s 28 ， who you will inspire and whose life you’ll change.
14.（ ）A.partners B.journeys
C.memories D.occasions
15.（ ）A.similar B.obvious
C.unique D.friendly
16.（ ）A.expected B.wondered
C.proposed D.supposed
17.（ ）A.imagined B.admired
C.doubted D.ignored
18.（ ）A.decided B.predicted
C.suspected D.wished
19.（ ）A.church B.school
C.house D.city
20.（ ）A.visited B.searched
C.approached D.described
21.（ ）A.family B.teacher
C.boy D.girl
22.（ ）A.strange B.familiar
C.attractive D.interesting
23.（ ）A.came across B.took over
C.set down D.turned around
24.（ ）A.owner B.father
C.guest D.parent
25.（ ）A.friend B.child
C.present D.sister
26.（ ）A.indicated B.suggested
C.realised D.confirmed
27.（ ）A.but B.so
C.unless D.because
28.（ ）A.waiting B.studying
C.listening D.watching
Ⅳ.语法填空
The 20th World Kite Championship has seen 29. total of 137 teams comprising 465 participants from 46 countries and regions compete in the event， showcasing 509 kites in China’s capital of kites， Weifang， in east China’s Shandong Province.
The event 30. （hold） during the weekend in conjunction with （与……一起） the city’s 41st International Kite Festival and 2024 Kite Carnival， 31. （make） Weifang a real hotspot for kite artisans and lovers this spring.
32. （know） as China’s “kite capital”， Weifang boasts a long history of manufacturing and flying kites and is endowed with a rich historical and cultural heritage.
The tradition of kite-flying in Weifang can be traced back 33. the Song Dynasty when it began to gain popularity among the general public.It further flourished during the Ming Dynasty and became a widespread practice during the Qing Dynasty， 34. kites were flown across the country.Weifang kites are well-known for 35. （they） graceful designs， brilliant craftsmanship and bright colors.
To boost public 36. （participate） this year， the city integrated the kite festival with a carnival， with the aim of holding regular kite-themed 37. （activity） throughout the year.
Hundreds of kite lovers from around the world came to China’s “kite capital”. Kites of all shapes and sizes 38. （be） flying in the sky during the 41st Weifang International Kite Festival.A kite in the shape of the China-Europe freight train attracted all people’s attention in particular.
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
基础知识自测
维度一
1.why 2.whose 3.who/that 4.when 5.who/that
6.where 7.which/that 8.why 9.when 10.when
维度二
1.which/that was built in 1900
2.（who/whom/that） we saw at the school gate
3.whose homework hasn’t been handed in
4.when I was promoted as the manager of this department
5.where he grew up
维度三
1.when 2.why 3.where 4.whose 5.whom
6.that/which 7.who/that 8.which 9.which 10.As
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。二十四节气是中国古代农民根据气候变化对一年进行的节令划分。在国际气象界，二十四节气被誉为“中国的第五大发明”。2016年11月30日，二十四节气被正式列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，二十四节气由中国古代农民创造，用来指导农业事务和农业活动。
2.C 段落大意题。根据第二段可知，本段主要讲述了二十四节气的发展历史。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，二十四节气分别表示太阳在黄道经度上运行15度时所处的位置。
4.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，二十四节气中有些表达了气候现象，如惊蛰。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过描述自己平凡一天的经历，告诉我们这样一个道理：我们从生活的平凡小事中也能获得快乐和幸福。
5.D 推理判断题。根据第二段结尾可知，作者说的这句话等于是拒绝了女儿做游戏的要求。由此判断，女儿会感到有点失望。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者之所以答应玩Beauty Shop这个游戏，是因为她可以一边玩游戏，一边完成写作任务。
7.C 句意理解题。根据下文可知，孩子们脸上洋溢着兴奋的表情。由此判断，这一天他们过得非常精彩和开心。
8.C 主旨大意题。综合全文可知，作者描述的这一天所发生的虽然都是生活中一些平平淡淡的小事，但它们给孩子们及自己带来了幸福与快乐。因此C项最能概括全文主旨。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。家庭作业是我们生活中的一部分，文章就如何完成家庭作业给我们提供了一些可行的建议。
9.D 上句建议写作业时先应对难的部分，因此接下来就应该是完成容易的部分，故D项符合语境。
10.G 下句告诉我们不要找那种会长时间跟我们聊天的人，因此上句应该是建议我们选择合适的人或方式去求助，故G项符合语境。
11.F 上句说明长时间连续做作业的危害，下句应该是建议我们适当地休息，故F项符合语境。
12.B 上句说我们可能会期待问题的答案会奇迹般地出现在梦中，下句指出这是不可能发生的，故B项符合语境。
13.E 上文指出有些同学虽然学习很努力但成绩依然下降，这自然会使得他们厌学，故E项符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者从小受到一位邻居的影响，他（她）后来以这位邻居为榜样去教育自己的儿子。
14.C 上文指出作者的家庭环境不幸福，因此他（她）的童年很少有幸福的回忆。
15.A 根据下面两句信息可知，这个家庭跟作者的家庭非常相似。
16.B 作者很好奇地在思考：如果自己的家人和那家人一样会怎么样。wonder感到好奇，想知道。
17.B 根据上下文可知，作者很羡慕这个幸福的家庭。
18.D 由于羡慕对方的家庭，所以作者渴望自己的家庭也是这样。
19.A 作者上文提到了家乡的教堂，这里指自己多年后又回到了这个教堂。
20.C 当作者走近教堂时，小时候的各种记忆都涌上心头。
21.A 在众多记忆中，印象最深的自然是那一家人幸福的微笑。
22.B 根据下文可知，跟作者说话的正是多年前的那位父亲，因此声音应该是熟悉的。
23.D 听到有人叫自己，作者自然是转过身。turn around转身。
24.B 根据下文可知，这个人正是多年前作者偷偷观察的那位父亲。
25.B 下句中的I was raising my boy暗示，这里作者给那位父亲介绍自己的孩子。
26.C 此刻，作者意识到自己正是按照那位父亲的方式来教育自己的孩子。
27.A 作者认为，自己儿子的生活在很大程度上受到了那位父亲的影响，虽然对方对此一无所知。前后两个分句存在转折关系，因此选择并列连词but。
28.D 作者在第二段提到but I watched them，他（她）从小偷偷观察那位父亲并受到积极的影响。这里作者建议我们都要正直做人，因为周围有人观察着我们。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。2024年4月20日，第20届世界风筝锦标赛暨第41届潍坊国际风筝会在位于潍坊的世界风筝公园举行，共有来自46个国家和地区的137支队伍、465人参赛，参赛风筝509只。
29.a 考查冠词。a total of是一个固定短语，表示“总共；总计”。
30.was held 考查动词的时态和语态。这里表示“第41届潍坊国际风筝会被举办”，且发生在过去，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。
31.making 考查非谓语动词。由于逗号后面部分表示补充说明，且此处前面句子与make之间是主动关系，因此用动词-ing形式作结果状语。
32.Known 考查非谓语动词。这里表示“潍坊以‘风筝之都’被人们所知”，因此用表示被动概念的过去分词作状语。注意句首单词首字母要大写。
33.to 考查介词。这里be traced back to相当于be dated back to，表示“追溯到”。
34.when 考查定语从句。本空前面的the Qing Dynasty是一个先行词，这里应用关系副词when引导一个非限制性定语从句来修饰它。
35.their 考查代词。本空后面是三个并列的名词短语，因此这里应用形容词性物主代词来修饰它们。
36.participation 考查词形转换。本空前面是动词boost，因此这里应用名词作其宾语。
37.activities 考查名词复数。这里提到的与风筝相关的活动显然是很多种，因此应用名词复数形式。
38.were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句主语是Kites，且根据语境可知表示过去，因此这里应用were。
5 / 6Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
限制性定语从句（3）
1.There comes a time when the old must give way to the new， and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.
2.Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that （which） were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage.
3.After listening to the scientists who（that） had studied the problem， and citizens who （that） lived near the dam， the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959.
4.Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece， and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.
【我的发现】
以上句子中，句 是由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句；句 是由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句。
一、 关系代词引导限制性定语从句
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
who 人 主语、宾语（作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略）
whom 人 宾语（在限制性定语从句中可省略）
whose 人或物 定语
that 人或物 主语、宾语或表语（作宾语或表语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略）
which 物 主语、宾语（作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略）
The film （which/that） I saw a few days ago is well worth seeing.
我几天前看过的那部电影很值得一看。
The festival attracted many gifted students who showed their skills and love for music.
音乐节吸引了许多才华横溢的学生，他们展示了自己的技能和对音乐的热爱。
Zhang Guimei is a woman whose name is known all over the country， who makes great contributions to education.
张桂梅是一位全国闻名的女性，她为教育事业作出了巨大贡献。
【即时演练1】 用适当的关系代词填空
①The book is intended for the students native language is not English.
②I read a report about his new novel will soon be published.
③Students were good at sports made full preparations for the sports festival.
④This is the new secretary （ ） I would like to introduce to you.
⑤I’m looking forward to taking part in the activity will be held in the school lecture hall on 19 June.
二、关系副词引导限制性定语从句
关系副词 先行词 句法功能
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
I still remember the days when you taught me English.
我仍然记得你教我英语的日子。
This is the very factory where they ever worked last summer holiday.
这就是他们去年暑假工作的工厂。
The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didn’t study hard.
他考试不及格的原因是他学习不努力。
【即时演练2】 用适当的关系副词填空
①We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.
②The English Corner is an activity we can practice our spoken English.
③My son has come to a stage he can speak out sentences instead of single words.
④What I want to know is the reason the Great Wall was built.
三、关系代词和关系副词的判断方法
方法 依据
根据从句的谓语动词 若是及物动词，后面无宾语，用关系代词；若是不及物动词，则用关系副词
根据关系词在从句中所作的成分 把关系词放入定语从句中，若作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若作状语，则用关系副词
I visited the village where many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.（作状语）我参观了那个因为贫困而导致很多孩子不能上学的村庄。
I visited the village which/that is famous for its beautiful scenery.（作主语）
我参观了那个因美丽的景色而闻名的村庄。
I will never forget the days when we lived in the countryside.（作状语）
我永远不会忘记我们住在乡下的那些日子。
I will never forget the days that/which we spent together in the countryside.（作宾语）
我永远不会忘记我们在乡下一起度过的那些日子。
【即时演练3】 用适当的关系词填空
①We will be shown around some places visitors seldom visit.
②We will be shown around some places visitors seldom go.
③I’ll never forget those years we worked together to complete the project.
④I’ll never forget those years we spent together to complete the project.
⑤When he stood in front of the house he grew up as a child， he saw a lady standing in the entrance.
四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句选用介词的依据
1.根据定语从句中动词或形容词的搭配习惯。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.（be famous for 因……而出名）
昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因它而出名。
2.根据与先行词搭配的具体意义。
More importantly， there are teachers online to whom you can turn for help.（turn to 向……求助）
更为重要的是，有一些你可以在线求助的老师。
3.根据句子所表达的意思来确定。
I am good at spoken English， as a result of which I can communicate with foreigners fluently.
我擅长英语口语，因此我能够流利地和外国人交流。
4.表示所属关系或整体中的一部分时，通常用介词of。
Julie was good at German， French and Russian， all of which she spoke very fluently.
朱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三种语言她都说得很流利。
5.“the＋名词＋of＋which/whom”或“of＋which/whom＋the＋名词”引导的定语从句，可与“whose＋名词”替换。
We’ve planned to hold an English drama festival， the theme of which/of which the theme is Love English and Love Drama.
→We’ve planned to hold an English drama festival， whose theme is Love English and Love Drama.
我们计划举办一个英语戏剧节，它的主题是“爱英语，爱戏剧”。
名师点津
在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after、 look for等。
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.（正确）
The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.（错误）
【即时演练4】 单句语法填空
①I can’t believe the restaurant at I have eaten such wonderful meals is going to close down.
②You should make some Chinese friends with you can communicate frequently.
③The woman writer wrote many children’s books， nearly half of were published in the 1990s.
④I’d like you to explain the reason which you were late for the meeting.
entrance n.入口；进入
【教材原句】 We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid.
我们在金字塔入口处遇到了一位专业的考古学家。
【用法】
（1）the entrance to ... ……的入口
the College Entrance Examination 高考
（2）enter vi.& vt. 进入
【佳句】 If you are free， I’ll meet you at the entrance to the music hall at 7：00 this evening.如果你有空的话，我今晚7点在音乐厅门口等你。
【联想】 “the＋名词＋to”结构
the answer to ... ……的答案
the key to ... ……的关键
the solution to ... ……的方法
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Let’s make it at 6：20 at the entrance the Capital Stadium.
②After he found the to the building， he the hall without making a sound.（enter）
【写美】 完成句子
③He ， which made his parents very proud.
他通过了大学入学考试，这使他父母非常自豪。
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
2、3 1、4
即时演练1
①whose ②which/that ③who ④that/whom/who
⑤which/that
即时演练2
①when ②where ③where ④why
即时演练3
①which/that ②where ③when ④which/that ⑤where
即时演练4
①which ②whom ③which ④for
【知识要点·须拾遗】
①to ②entrance； entered
③passed the College Entrance Examination
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