(共81张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Discovering Useful Structures
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
现在完成时的被动语态
1. Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
2. But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life
more convenient.
3. Many people have been helped by the club.
4. She no longer feels lonely， and her company has become quite
successful.
【我的发现】
上面句子中，句1、3中使用了 ，其结构
为： ；句2、4中使用了 。
现在完成时的被动语态
have/has＋been＋done
现在完成时
现在完成时的被动语态表示到现在为止某事已经被完成或被做。该语
法项目既要表示现在已经完成又要表示被动的含义，因此很多学生在
具体运用中容易顾此失彼。
一、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done ...
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done ...
一般疑
问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done ...？
特殊疑
问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done ...？
So far， effective measures have been taken to protect endangered
creatures from dying out.
迄今为止，已经采取了有效措施来保护濒危动物免遭灭绝。
The construction of the bridge has not been finished.
这座桥的建设还没有完成。
Has the date for the next meeting been decided？
下次会议的日期已经确定了吗？
How long has the project been carried out？
这项工程已经实施多长时间了？
【即时演练1】 用现在完成时的被动语态改写下列句子。
①Jack’s boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.
→Jack by his boss for his devotion to work.
②They have found a good place to build a temple in the village.
→A good place by them to build a temple in the
village.
③We haven’t yet decided how to solve that difficult technological
problem.
→How to solve that difficult technological problem
by us yet.
has always been praised
has been found
hasn’t been
decided
二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法
1. 表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成
的影响或产生的结果，通常与already、 yet、 never、 recently等副
词及时间状语so far、 by now、 up till/to now、 since等连用。
With more and more children taking part in this activity， many family
problems have already been solved.
随着越来越多的孩子参加这项活动，许多家庭问题已经得到了
解决。
2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继
续持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语（从句）连用，或
用于how long引出的句子中。
We have been taught to be honest since we were very young.
自从我们很小的时候就被教育要诚实。
3. 用在条件、时间状语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作完成。
You shouldn’t go out before your homework has been finished.
在你的作业完成之前你不应该出去。
【即时演练2】 单句语法填空
①I’m also good at writing in English and two articles of mine
（publish） on 21st Century so far.
②Some efforts （make） to improve the air quality in the
city last winter.
③Over the past three years， the paintings （take）
to more than 20 museums in the world.
④For centuries， the ancient language （pass）
down from one generation to another.
⑤Their new apartment （decorate） for two
months and they’ll settle in it in the near future.
have
been published
were made
have been taken
has been passed
has been decorated
三、使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
1. 与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：一般过去时的被动语态所表示的
动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强
调与现在的情况有联系。
The park was opened to the public last year.
这个公园去年向公众开放。（说明动作发生于过去）
The park has been opened to the public.
这个公园已向公众开放。（说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影
响，即现在公园已经向公众开放了）
2. 非延续性动词，如borrow、 finish、 begin、 start、 buy、 marry、
open、 join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的
状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时间状语。
The work was finished two weeks ago.
这项工作于两周前被完成。
The work has been finished.
这项工作已经被完成。
3. 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，
其中的介词或副词不可省略。
It is said that the problem has been looked into.
据说这个问题已经被调查过了。
4. 只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被
动语态的主语。
Great improvements in public health have been brought about by
advances in medical science.
医学科学的进步带来了公共卫生的巨大改善。
5. 带有双宾语的动词， 如give、 send、 bring、 take、 teach、
show、 tell、 buy、 lend、 promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间
接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语
时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
Their teacher has given them many chances to practice what they have
learned in class.
→They have been given many chances to practice what they have
learned in class （by their teacher）.
→Many chances have been given to them to practice what they have
learned in class （by their teacher）.
他们的老师给了他们很多机会练习上课所学（的内容）。
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空
①Great changes （take） place in my hometown and you
can see that a lot of factories （set） up.
②More than 200 trees （plant） in our school last year.
③Many new measures （take） to improve teaching
quality since the new headmaster came.
④Since the end of the war， over five thousand prisoners
（release）.
have taken
have been set
were planted
have been taken
have been
released
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
3
confirm vt.确认；使确信
【教材原句】 Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password？你确认Wi-Fi
密码了吗？
【用法】
confirm sb in sth 使某人确信某事
confirm sth/that ... 证实……
It has been confirmed that ... 已经证实/确定……
【佳句】 Planning to take a group to pay a visit to your school next
month， I’m writing to confirm some information.
因计划下个月组团到贵校参观，我写信确认一些信息。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①There was frost on the ground， （confirm） that fall
had arrived in Canada.
confirming
【写美】 完成句子
② some foreign teachers will stage
singing， dancing and drama performances then.
据证实，一些外籍教师届时将进行歌唱、舞蹈和戏剧表演。
It has been confirmed that
press vt.按，压；敦促
【教材原句】 Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file？你已
经按下按钮复制文件了吗？
【用法】
（1）press ...against/to ...把……压/挤/贴在……
press sth into/onto sth 将……塞进；把……按入press sb to do sth
敦促某人做某事
be pressed from sb 在某人的督促下
（2）pressure n. 压力，压强；强迫
put pressure on sb 给某人施加压力
under pressure 承受压力
【佳句】 When she reached one nurse， she tried to press a five-pound
note into her hand.
当她走到一位护士身边时，她试图把一张五英镑的纸币塞到她手里。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It is unwise to press the children （do） their homework
every day.
②She pressed her face the window， wondering why her
mother was so upset.
③I’ve received your letter and I’m sorry that you are under
great （press）.
to do
against/to
pressure
【写美】 完成句子
④I don’t want to ， but we
haven’t much time left.
我并不想催你做决定，只是我们剩下的时间已经不多了。
put pressure on you to make a decision
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
2
维度一：基础题型练
1. My English （improve） greatly over the last
months because of your generous help.
2. The 1，800-year-old Yellow Crane Tower
（rebuild） many times in history.
3. Recently a survey （do） to find out the average
number of books each person reads every year in China.
has been improved
has been rebuilt
has been done
4. I have learned that you （choose） as “The
Best Teenager” in your city recently.
5. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet （make） into at least
ten different films over the past years.
6. The new dictionaries are very useful.They sell well and
（sell） out already.
7. I’m writing to inform you that a Tai Chi Club
（found） in our school recently.
8. In recent years， our living environment
（pollute） seriously.
have been chosen
has been made
have been
sold
has been founded
has been polluted
维度二：语法与写作
1. A lot of tall buildings in my hometown in the last
two years.
在过去的两年中，我的家乡建起了许多高楼。
2. From what above， we can draw a conclusion
that parents are our best teachers.
从上面的讨论中我们可以得出结论：父母是我们最好的老师。
3. The boys not to swim in that lake， but
it doesn’t make any difference.
男孩们已经被多次告知不能在那个湖里游泳，但是没起什么作用。
have been set up
has been discussed
have been told many times
4. He by the
company.
→ by the
company.
公司最近给了他一个去海外工作的机会。
has been given a chance to work abroad recently
A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently
维度三：句型转换
把下列句子变为被动语态。
1. My friend has bought a new smartphone made in China.
→ by my
friend.
2. Since you have finished your work， you can have a rest now.
→Since your work ， you can have a rest now.
3. An unknown virus has just attacked my computer.
→ by an unknown virus.
A new smartphone made in China has been bought
has been finished
My computer has just been attacked
4. To their joy， they have solved the difficult problem all by themselves.
→To their joy， the difficult problem all by
themselves.
has been solved
维度四：语法与语篇
用现在完成时的被动语态完成下面语段。
In our community， there is a welfare center.Over the past few
years， 1. （已经采取了很多措
施） to improve its facilities.Since 2019， 20 computers 2.
（已经被安装） there for the residents.Today， the
residents’ lives 3. （被大大地改变了）
by these computers， because some residents 4.
（被教） to use the Internet.Although they 5. （还没有买） any goods online， their confidence 6. （被激发） by the Internet.Who can guess what their future lives will be like？
many measures have been taken
have been
installed
have been greatly changed
have been taught
haven’t bought
has been inspired
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·山东六校高一下学期月考）The Internet of things （or as
it’s also known， IoT） isn’t new： tech companies and experts have
been discussing the idea for decades， and the first Internet-connected
toaster appeared at a conference in 1989.
At its core， IoT is simple： it’s about connecting devices over the
Internet， letting them talk to us， applications， and each other.The
popular， if silly， example is the smart fridge： what if your fridge
could tell you it was out of milk， texting you if its internal cameras saw
there was none left， or that the carton was past its use-by date？
Where it’s most common， in Britain at least， is home heating and
energy use — partially because the government is pushing energy
companies to roll out smart meters （although it has been questioned
whether it can be delivered on schedule）.They have clever functions that
let you turn on heating remotely， set it to turn down the temperature if
it’s a sunny day， or even turn off when there’s no-one home.
Why does IoT matter？ There’s a reason the government is
encouraging energy companies to hand you a smart meter： all that data
and automated use is more efficient.Many areas of IoT show such
benefits， though some smart gadgets are more about great functions than
efficiency， which may well be why we’re seeing more smart heating
than smart fridges in the UK.
Everything new and shiny has downsides， and security and privacy
are the biggest challenges for IoT. All these devices and systems collect a
lot of personal data about people — that smart meter knows when you’re
home and what electronics you use when you’re there — and it’s shared
with other devices and held in databases by companies.
However， you don’t need to worry too much about IoT. You’re
not likely to face serious loss or damage because of your smart meter，
any more than your home PC， at least.However， there’s no
guarantee， and so far not enough is being done to ensure IoT isn’t the
next big hacking target.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。物联网并非一个新概念，但是很多
人对它并不了解。文章简要介绍了何为物联网以及物联网的利弊。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。物联网并非一个新概念，但是很多
人对它并不了解。文章简要介绍了何为物联网以及物联网的利弊。
1. Why does the author give the example of the smart fridge？（ ）
A. To explain what IoT is.
B. To tell us what IoT can do.
C. To show the benefits of IoT.
D. To predict what IoT will be like.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，作者以智能冰箱为例，
通过解释其工作原理及方式（冰箱与网络连接后，智能提醒我们冰
箱里的牛奶快没有了或快过期了），告诉我们何为物联网。
2. What can we infer about smart meters？（ ）
A. They are quite expensive.
B. They can save much energy.
C. They serve no useful purpose.
D. They’ve replaced all traditional ones.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，智能水表、电表可以实
现远程遥控，自动调节水温，无人在家时甚至可以关闭水电等。由
此可知，它们可以节省很多能源。
3. Why are there more smart heating than smart fridges in the UK？
（ ）
A. Smart heating is much cheaper.
B. Smart heating is more practical.
C. It’s harder to produce smart fridges.
D. Smart fridges are not smart enough.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，并非所有的智能设备都
像智能水电（煤气）表一样产生节能的效果，这就是智能供热系统
比智能冰箱更受欢迎的原因。由此判断，智能冰箱的节能效果一
般，也就是不够实用。
4. What does the writer think of IoT？（ ）
A. It is relatively safe.
B. It is very dangerous.
C. It will exist in name only.
D. It will end up ruining our lives.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，虽然物联网也会带来
一些安全隐患和隐私泄露问题，但是我们不必为此担心，联网后的
水电表所带来的威胁并不比电脑大。
B
（2024·郑州高一下学期期末）Abacus（算盘） has been
representative of Chinese wisdom for more than 1，800 years and is one of the symbols of ancient oriental civilization.It was a great invention in
ancient China and had a profound impact in the earliest times， just like
the computer in today’s society.
“The research of brain science and the teaching practice of China’s
abacus all prove that China’s abacus has the function of developing
intelligence potential.Abacus is not a simple calculation tool， it can also
enhance children’s memory and attention，” Lu Ping， the president of
Abacus and Mental Arithmetic Association of Shanghai， told China
Daily.
Records show that Asia’s leading position in basic mathematical
skills was largely due to the popularity of abacus.
People find that using an abacus can improve thinking and practical abilities in addition to providing convenient calculation.It requires the cooperation of the mind， eyes， and hand， and it is an excellent way to develop the reaction ability.So we should not pursue a single ability about the abacus to improve but focus on the training of learning habits， image thinking and the coordinated development of the left and right brain.
Indeed， the world has entered the electronic computer age.“In the
electronic age， the abacus’s computational function is weakened， but
the computer cannot replace its education and intellectual function，”
said Zhao Qiumei， the professor of School of Accounting， Hebei
University of Economics and Business.
From the 15th century， China’s abacus began to spread to Japan，
Korea， Vietnam， Thailand and other places， which had the important
influence on the development of mathematics in these countries.According
to People’s network， since 2010， many American schools have
offered abacus courses.Particularly in Japan， China’s abacus is highly
valued.
In 2007， the British newspaper， The Independent， listed 101
inventions that changed the world， and China’s abacus which has
enjoyed a history of more than 1，800 years ranked the first.In December
2013， the abacus was listed as a World Intangible Cultural Heritage by
the United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization
（UNESCO）.And UNESCO calls it “another system of knowledge”.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。算盘是中国古代的一项重要发明。
1，800多年来它一直是中国智慧的代表，是东方古代文明的象征之
一。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。算盘是中国古代的一项重要发明。
1，800多年来它一直是中国智慧的代表，是东方古代文明的象征之
一。
5. What did Lu Ping stress about the abacus？（ ）
A. Its improving our intelligence.
B. Its improving children’s grades.
C. Its developing our maths skills.
D. Its making calculation convenient.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，陆萍认为，脑科学
的研究和中国算盘的教学实践都证明了中国算盘具有开发智力
潜能的功能。
6. What should we focus on when using an abacus according to Paragraph
4？（ ）
A. Developing a certain ability.
B. Forming good learning habits.
C. Mastering mathematical skills.
D. Improving comprehensive abilities.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段可知，算盘需要大脑、眼
睛和手的配合，是培养反应能力的极好方法。因此，我们不应
追求某种单一能力的提高，而应注重学习习惯、形象思维和左
右脑协调发展的培养。也就是说，在使用算盘时，我们应该注
重综合能力的提高。
7. What did Zhao Qiumei think of an abacus？ （ ）
A. It has been out of date now.
B. It should be used to calculate.
C. It will be replaced by the computer.
D. It has its advantages over the computer.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段可知，赵秋梅认为，在电子时
代，虽然算盘的计算功能被削弱，但电脑无法取代它的教育和智力
开发功能。也就是说，比起电脑来，算盘有其独特的优点。
8. What are the last two paragraphs mainly about？（ ）
A. The long history of the abacus.
B. The great influence of the abacus.
C. The positive effects of the abacus.
D. The great contributions of the abacus.
解析： 段落大意题。根据最后两段可知，这两段主要介绍算盘
在全世界传播范围之广以及受到的评价之高，这些都说明算盘的巨
大影响力。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·昆明高一下学期质检）Volunteering is a great way to help
others， whether it’s a friend who is struggling with their homework or an elderly person who feels lonely.Helping others can actually help you，too.
9. （ ）
If somebody volunteers， they do something for the benefit of another person or the world around us， such as our local community， without being paid.10.（ ） It can be organised， such as working for a charity or helping your neighbour with their food shopping.Many people volunteer to help the environment by picking up litter or planting trees.
How does helping others help you？
Research has shown that volunteering improves our wellbeing.It
can give you a sense of purpose， which can in turn develop your self-
confidence and make you feel motivated.11.（ ） For example，
if you love nature， why not volunteer for a wildlife charity？
How does it impact your health？
12. （ ） It has been shown to reduce feelings of anxiety because many people find that they are distracted from their worries by
concentrating on the needs of others.“Volunteering also provides an
opportunity for you to meet and connect with people， which is good
news for our mental health，” says Jolie Goodman of the Mental
Health Foundation.13.（ ）
A. What is volunteering？
B. When do you volunteer？
C. Volunteering comes in all shapes and sizes.
D. It is waiting for someone else to do the work.
E. Volunteering can make you happier over time.
F. This is especially true if you match volunteering to your interests.
G. Studies have shown that volunteering can improve your physical
health， too.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了志愿服务，包括其含
义、方式和影响。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了志愿服务，包括其含
义、方式和影响。
9. A 下文中的they do something for the benefit of ... It can be
organised， such as ... Many people volunteer to ...是对志愿服务
的具体解释，所以本段主要介绍了什么是志愿服务，故A项符合
语境。
10. C 下文列举了志愿服务的不同形式，是对C项中all shapes
and sizes的具体解释。
11. F 上文中的It can give you a sense of purpose， which
can in turn develop your self-confidence and make you feel
motivated.与F项为语义上的顺承关系，同时下文中的For
example， if you love nature， why not volunteer for a
wildlife charity？是对F项的解释说明。
12. E 下文与E项为语义上的顺承关系，其中reduce feelings of
anxiety与E项中的make you happier相呼应。
13. G 上文中的which is good news for our mental health与G项为
并列关系，指出了志愿活动对我们健康的影响。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Lottie Mills， a student at the University of Cambridge， won BBC
Young Writers’ Award and she was congratulated for her entry “The
Changeling” at the virtual award ceremony.It was a（n） 14
story.Upset about how difference， 15 when it comes to disability，
is described in novels， Lottie was inspired by “otherhood” and aimed
to 16 a positive state of mind.
“The Changeling” 17 myth （神话） into magical and
wonderful 18 of a girl’s powerful coming of age.Lottie said，“As
a disabled person， my stories quite often 19 ideas of otherhood，
based on 20 who are deserted by their society in some way or
another.”
“I had been 21 fairy-related-myths for university essay （论
文） and when I came across the idea of changeling， it really stuck in
my 22 .I really wanted to write a story which would show the 23
of disabled people， rather than describe them as disadvantaged and in
need of ‘fixing’ as so many stories do.”
Now Lottie is writing her first novel， a children’s book. 24
she knows how life-changing the right story can be， she 25 to
become an author.
Lottie beat off fierce 26 from four finalists.Kate Thisteton，
BBC RI presenter and chair of the Young Writers’ Award judges， said，
“We were blown away by ‘The Changeling’.It’s simply 27 .I
love the way it uses fairy mythology to tell a story about difference，
disability and acceptance.I’m so happy Lottie won and is considering a
job as an author after being 28 by the Young Writers’ Award.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。剑桥大学的学生Lottie Mills获得了
BBC青年作家奖，在网络颁奖典礼上，她凭借《低能者》获得了人
们的祝贺。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。剑桥大学的学生Lottie Mills获得了
BBC青年作家奖，在网络颁奖典礼上，她凭借《低能者》获得了人
们的祝贺。
14. A. frightening B. satisfying
C. inspiring D. amusing
解析： 根据下文中a positive state of mind可知，这部小说旨在
倡导一种积极的心态。由此可推知，这部小说讲述了一个鼓舞人
心的故事。
15. A. particularly B. basically
C. generally D. finally
解析： 根据上下文语境可知，小说中描述了差异，尤其是残
疾方面的差异。
16. A. educate B. exercise
C. observe D. advocate
解析： 根据上下文语境可知，这部小说旨在倡导一种积极的
心态。
17. A. divided B. transformed
C. threw D. absorbed
解析： 根据语境可知，这部小说将神话变成了故事。
transform into意为“转变成”。
18. A. tale B. idea C. topic D. dream
解析： 参见上题解析。
19. A. turn on B. call on
C. focus on D. put on
解析： 根据第一段中的Lottie was inspired by “otherhood”可
知，洛蒂受到了另类教育的启发，所以她的故事往往集中在另类
教育的想法。
20. A. artists B. strangers
C. performers D. characters
解析： 根据语境可知，洛蒂的故事主要基于那些被社会以这
样或那样的方式抛弃的人物。
21. A. creating B. researching
C. establishing D. spreading
解析： 根据语境可知，此处指为大学论文作研究。
22. A. body B. voice C. mind D. sight
解析： 根据上文when I came across the idea of changeling可
知，此处指想法在脑海里挥之不去。
23. A. concerns B. features
C. thoughts D. strengths
解析： 根据下文rather than describe them as disadvantaged可
知，洛蒂的文章想展示残疾人的优点，而不是把他们描述为弱势
群体。
24. A. If B. When
C. Unless D. Although
解析： 引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”应用when。
25. A. desires B. pretends
C. manages D. affords
解析： 根据语境可知，洛蒂渴望成为一名作家。
26. A. attack B. conflict
C. competition D. fighting
解析： 根据下文Kate Thisteton， BBC RI presenter and chair of
the Young Writers’ Award judges可知，洛蒂赢得了BBC青年作家
奖，即她赢得了这场比赛。
27. A. complete B. mysterious
C. familiar D. beautiful
解析： 根据下文I love the way it uses fairy mythology to tell a
story about difference， disability and acceptance.可知，Kate对这本
小说的评价是积极正面的，选项中beautiful最符合其情感色彩。
28. A. displayed B. motivated
C. discovered D. provided
解析： 根据上文Lottie won and is considering a job as an author
after being可知，洛蒂获奖，所以是受到了青年作家奖的激励，她
正在考虑找一份作家的工作。
Ⅳ.语法填空
If you are a film lover， you must be familiar 29. IMAX cinemas， and the thrilling moments of having beasts jumping out of the huge screen， or explosions occurring in front of your face.
With a 26-percent 30. （big） screen than regular
cinemas， IMAX claims they can enlarge your experience during the one
or two hours of film watching.
IMAX is short for “Image Maximum”.It is far more than just a
screen.In fact， it is 31. complete system.
A standard IMAX screen， first of all， has a width of 22 meters and
a height of 16 meters.It features 70-millimeter films， 32. could provide a 10-times larger image than the 35-millimeter format.Meanwhile， it features a six-channel soundtrack system， 33. （provide） all moviegoers with the same experience， no matter in which corner of the theater they are sitting.
The design of the 34. （theater） is different as well.All rows are within one screen height， and all seats 35. （set） at a steep angle so that everyone faces the screen 36. （direct）.
All those design features serve only one purpose —
37. （give） the audience the most shocking visual
effect.But the “3D”， which usually appears together with IMAX in
their ads， 38. （be） a different concept.Only the
combination of the two can provide a complete IMAX experience.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了IMAX（宽荧屏投影
系统）。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了IMAX（宽荧屏投影
系统）。
29. with 考查介词。be familiar with是固定短语，表示“对……熟
悉”。
30. bigger 考查形容词的比较级。下文的than regular cinemas暗示这
里应用形容词的比较级。
31. a 考查冠词。system是一个可数名词，前面应用一个不定冠词来
表示泛指，且complete的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
32. which 考查定语从句。本句前面的films是一个先行词，后面由关
系代词which引导一个非限制性定语从句。
33. providing 考查非谓语动词。本句已经有谓语features，逗号后面
需要一个状语，表示伴随情况或补充说明。
34. theaters 考查名词的单复数。这里表示所有配备有IMAX的影
院，因此应用theater的复数形式。
35. are set 考查动词的时态和语态。这里表示所有座位被按照倾斜
角度排列，应用被动语态。
36. directly 考查副词。前面的faces是一个动词，因此应用副词来修
饰它。
37. to give 考查非谓语动词。这里表示电影院如此设计的目的，应
用动词不定式形式。
38. is 考查动词的时态。本句的主语是the “3D”，而非ads，故填
系动词is。
谢谢观看！Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
维度一：基础题型练
1.My English （improve） greatly over the last months because of your generous help.
2.The 1，800-year-old Yellow Crane Tower （rebuild） many times in history.
3.Recently a survey （do） to find out the average number of books each person reads every year in China.
4.I have learned that you （choose） as “The Best Teenager” in your city recently.
5.Shakespeare’s play Hamlet （make） into at least ten different films over the past years.
6.The new dictionaries are very useful.They sell well and （sell） out already.
7.I’m writing to inform you that a Tai Chi Club （found） in our school recently.
8.In recent years， our living environment （pollute） seriously.
维度二：语法与写作
1.A lot of tall buildings in my hometown in the last two years.
在过去的两年中，我的家乡建起了许多高楼。
2.From what above， we can draw a conclusion that parents are our best teachers.
从上面的讨论中我们可以得出结论：父母是我们最好的老师。
3.The boys not to swim in that lake， but it doesn’t make any difference.
男孩们已经被多次告知不能在那个湖里游泳，但是没起什么作用。
4.He by the company.
→ by the company.
公司最近给了他一个去海外工作的机会。
维度三：句型转换
把下列句子变为被动语态。
1.My friend has bought a new smartphone made in China.
→ by my friend.
2.Since you have finished your work， you can have a rest now.
→Since your work ， you can have a rest now.
3.An unknown virus has just attacked my computer.
→ by an unknown virus.
4.To their joy， they have solved the difficult problem all by themselves.
→To their joy， the difficult problem all by themselves.
维度四：语法与语篇
用现在完成时的被动语态完成下面语段。
In our community， there is a welfare center.Over the past few years， 1. （已经采取了很多措施） to improve its facilities.Since 2019， 20 computers 2. （已经被安装） there for the residents.Today， the residents’ lives 3. （被大大地改变了） by these computers， because some residents 4. （被教） to use the Internet.Although they 5. （还没有买） any goods online， their confidence 6. （被激发） by the Internet.Who can guess what their future lives will be like？
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·山东六校高一下学期月考）The Internet of things （or as it’s also known， IoT） isn’t new： tech companies and experts have been discussing the idea for decades， and the first Internet-connected toaster appeared at a conference in 1989.
At its core， IoT is simple： it’s about connecting devices over the Internet， letting them talk to us， applications， and each other.The popular， if silly， example is the smart fridge： what if your fridge could tell you it was out of milk， texting you if its internal cameras saw there was none left， or that the carton was past its use-by date？
Where it’s most common， in Britain at least， is home heating and energy use — partially because the government is pushing energy companies to roll out smart meters （although it has been questioned whether it can be delivered on schedule）.They have clever functions that let you turn on heating remotely， set it to turn down the temperature if it’s a sunny day， or even turn off when there’s no-one home.
Why does IoT matter？ There’s a reason the government is encouraging energy companies to hand you a smart meter： all that data and automated use is more efficient.Many areas of IoT show such benefits， though some smart gadgets are more about great functions than efficiency， which may well be why we’re seeing more smart heating than smart fridges in the UK.
Everything new and shiny has downsides， and security and privacy are the biggest challenges for IoT.All these devices and systems collect a lot of personal data about people — that smart meter knows when you’re home and what electronics you use when you’re there — and it’s shared with other devices and held in databases by companies.
However， you don’t need to worry too much about IoT.You’re not likely to face serious loss or damage because of your smart meter， any more than your home PC， at least.However， there’s no guarantee， and so far not enough is being done to ensure IoT isn’t the next big hacking target.
1.Why does the author give the example of the smart fridge？（ ）
A.To explain what IoT is.
B.To tell us what IoT can do.
C.To show the benefits of IoT.
D.To predict what IoT will be like.
2.What can we infer about smart meters？（ ）
A.They are quite expensive. B.They can save much energy.
C.They serve no useful purpose. D.They’ve replaced all traditional ones.
3.Why are there more smart heating than smart fridges in the UK？（ ）
A.Smart heating is much cheaper. B.Smart heating is more practical.
C.It’s harder to produce smart fridges. D.Smart fridges are not smart enough.
4.What does the writer think of IoT？（ ）
A.It is relatively safe. B.It is very dangerous.
C.It will exist in name only. D.It will end up ruining our lives.
B
（2024·郑州高一下学期期末）Abacus （算盘） has been representative of Chinese wisdom for more than 1，800 years and is one of the symbols of ancient oriental civilization.It was a great invention in ancient China and had a profound impact in the earliest times， just like the computer in today’s society.
“The research of brain science and the teaching practice of China’s abacus all prove that China’s abacus has the function of developing intelligence potential.Abacus is not a simple calculation tool， it can also enhance children’s memory and attention，” Lu Ping， the president of Abacus and Mental Arithmetic Association of Shanghai， told China Daily.
Records show that Asia’s leading position in basic mathematical skills was largely due to the popularity of abacus.
People find that using an abacus can improve thinking and practical abilities in addition to providing convenient calculation.It requires the cooperation of the mind， eyes， and hand， and it is an excellent way to develop the reaction ability.So we should not pursue a single ability about the abacus to improve but focus on the training of learning habits， image thinking and the coordinated development of the left and right brain.
Indeed， the world has entered the electronic computer age.“In the electronic age， the abacus’s computational function is weakened， but the computer cannot replace its education and intellectual function，” said Zhao Qiumei， the professor of School of Accounting， Hebei University of Economics and Business.
From the 15th century， China’s abacus began to spread to Japan， Korea， Vietnam， Thailand and other places， which had the important influence on the development of mathematics in these countries.According to People’s network， since 2010， many American schools have offered abacus courses.Particularly in Japan， China’s abacus is highly valued.
In 2007， the British newspaper， The Independent， listed 101 inventions that changed the world， and China’s abacus which has enjoyed a history of more than 1，800 years ranked the first.In December 2013， the abacus was listed as a World Intangible Cultural Heritage by the United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization （UNESCO）.And UNESCO calls it “another system of knowledge”.
5.What did Lu Ping stress about the abacus？（ ）
A.Its improving our intelligence. B.Its improving children’s grades.
C.Its developing our maths skills. D.Its making calculation convenient.
6.What should we focus on when using an abacus according to Paragraph 4？（ ）
A.Developing a certain ability. B.Forming good learning habits.
C.Mastering mathematical skills. D.Improving comprehensive abilities.
7.What did Zhao Qiumei think of an abacus？ （ ）
A.It has been out of date now. B.It should be used to calculate.
C.It will be replaced by the computer. D.It has its advantages over the computer.
8.What are the last two paragraphs mainly about？（ ）
A.The long history of the abacus. B.The great influence of the abacus.
C.The positive effects of the abacus. D.The great contributions of the abacus.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·昆明高一下学期质检）Volunteering is a great way to help others， whether it’s a friend who is struggling with their homework or an elderly person who feels lonely.Helping others can actually help you， too.
9.（ ）
If somebody volunteers， they do something for the benefit of another person or the world around us， such as our local community， without being paid.10.（ ） It can be organised， such as working for a charity or helping your neighbour with their food shopping.Many people volunteer to help the environment by picking up litter or planting trees.
How does helping others help you？
Research has shown that volunteering improves our wellbeing.It can give you a sense of purpose， which can in turn develop your self-confidence and make you feel motivated.11.（ ） For example， if you love nature， why not volunteer for a wildlife charity？
How does it impact your health？
12.（ ） It has been shown to reduce feelings of anxiety because many people find that they are distracted from their worries by concentrating on the needs of others.“Volunteering also provides an opportunity for you to meet and connect with people， which is good news for our mental health，” says Jolie Goodman of the Mental Health Foundation.13.（ ）
A.What is volunteering？
B.When do you volunteer？
C.Volunteering comes in all shapes and sizes.
D.It is waiting for someone else to do the work.
E.Volunteering can make you happier over time.
F.This is especially true if you match volunteering to your interests.
G.Studies have shown that volunteering can improve your physical health， too.
Ⅲ.完形填空
Lottie Mills， a student at the University of Cambridge， won BBC Young Writers’ Award and she was congratulated for her entry “The Changeling” at the virtual award ceremony.It was a（n） 14 story.Upset about how difference， 15 when it comes to disability， is described in novels， Lottie was inspired by “otherhood” and aimed to 16 a positive state of mind.
“The Changeling” 17 myth （神话） into magical and wonderful 18 of a girl’s powerful coming of age.Lottie said，“As a disabled person， my stories quite often 19 ideas of otherhood， based on 20 who are deserted by their society in some way or another.”
“I had been 21 fairy-related-myths for university essay （论文） and when I came across the idea of changeling， it really stuck in my 22 .I really wanted to write a story which would show the 23 of disabled people， rather than describe them as disadvantaged and in need of ‘fixing’ as so many stories do.”
Now Lottie is writing her first novel， a children’s book. 24 she knows how life-changing the right story can be， she 25 to become an author.
Lottie beat off fierce 26 from four finalists.Kate Thisteton， BBC RI presenter and chair of the Young Writers’ Award judges， said，“We were blown away by ‘The Changeling’.It’s simply 27 .I love the way it uses fairy mythology to tell a story about difference， disability and acceptance.I’m so happy Lottie won and is considering a job as an author after being 28 by the Young Writers’ Award.”
14.（ ）A.frightening B.satisfying
C.inspiring D.amusing
15.（ ）A.particularly B.basically
C.generally D.finally
16.（ ）A.educate B.exercise
C.observe D.advocate
17.（ ）A.divided B.transformed
C.threw D.absorbed
18.（ ）A.tale B.idea
C.topic D.dream
19.（ ）A.turn on B.call on
C.focus on D.put on
20.（ ）A.artists B.strangers
C.performers D.characters
21.（ ）A.creating B.researching
C.establishing D.spreading
22.（ ）A.body B.voice
C.mind D.sight
23.（ ）A.concerns B.features
C.thoughts D.strengths
24.（ ）A.If B.When
C.Unless D.Although
25.（ ）A.desires B.pretends
C.manages D.affords
26.（ ）A.attack B.conflict
C.competition D.fighting
27.（ ）A.complete B.mysterious
C.familiar D.beautiful
28.（ ）A.displayed B.motivated
C.discovered D.provided
Ⅳ.语法填空
If you are a film lover， you must be familiar 29. IMAX cinemas， and the thrilling moments of having beasts jumping out of the huge screen， or explosions occurring in front of your face.
With a 26-percent 30. （big） screen than regular cinemas， IMAX claims they can enlarge your experience during the one or two hours of film watching.
IMAX is short for “Image Maximum”.It is far more than just a screen.In fact， it is 31. complete system.
A standard IMAX screen， first of all， has a width of 22 meters and a height of 16 meters.It features 70-millimeter films， 32. could provide a 10-times larger image than the 35-millimeter format.Meanwhile， it features a six-channel soundtrack system， 33. （provide） all moviegoers with the same experience， no matter in which corner of the theater they are sitting.
The design of the 34. （theater） is different as well.All rows are within one screen height， and all seats 35. （set） at a steep angle so that everyone faces the screen 36. （direct）.
All those design features serve only one purpose — 37. （give） the audience the most shocking visual effect.But the “3D”， which usually appears together with IMAX in their ads， 38. （be） a different concept.Only the combination of the two can provide a complete IMAX experience.
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
基础知识自测
维度一
1.has been improved 2.has been rebuilt 3.has been done
4.have been chosen 5.has been made 6.have been sold 7.has been founded 8.has been polluted
维度二
1.have been set up
2.has been discussed
3.have been told many times
4.has been given a chance to work abroad recently； A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently
维度三
1.A new smartphone made in China has been bought
2.has been finished
3.My computer has just been attacked
4.has been solved
维度四
1.many measures have been taken 2.have been installed
3.have been greatly changed 4.have been taught
5.haven’t bought 6.has been inspired
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。物联网并非一个新概念，但是很多人对它并不了解。文章简要介绍了何为物联网以及物联网的利弊。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，作者以智能冰箱为例，通过解释其工作原理及方式（冰箱与网络连接后，智能提醒我们冰箱里的牛奶快没有了或快过期了），告诉我们何为物联网。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，智能水表、电表可以实现远程遥控，自动调节水温，无人在家时甚至可以关闭水电等。由此可知，它们可以节省很多能源。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，并非所有的智能设备都像智能水电（煤气）表一样产生节能的效果，这就是智能供热系统比智能冰箱更受欢迎的原因。由此判断，智能冰箱的节能效果一般，也就是不够实用。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，虽然物联网也会带来一些安全隐患和隐私泄露问题，但是我们不必为此担心，联网后的水电表所带来的威胁并不比电脑大。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。算盘是中国古代的一项重要发明。1，800多年来它一直是中国智慧的代表，是东方古代文明的象征之一。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，陆萍认为，脑科学的研究和中国算盘的教学实践都证明了中国算盘具有开发智力潜能的功能。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第四段可知，算盘需要大脑、眼睛和手的配合，是培养反应能力的极好方法。因此，我们不应追求某种单一能力的提高，而应注重学习习惯、形象思维和左右脑协调发展的培养。也就是说，在使用算盘时，我们应该注重综合能力的提高。
7.D 推理判断题。根据第五段可知，赵秋梅认为，在电子时代，虽然算盘的计算功能被削弱，但电脑无法取代它的教育和智力开发功能。也就是说，比起电脑来，算盘有其独特的优点。
8.B 段落大意题。根据最后两段可知，这两段主要介绍算盘在全世界传播范围之广以及受到的评价之高，这些都说明算盘的巨大影响力。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了志愿服务，包括其含义、方式和影响。
9.A 下文中的they do something for the benefit of ... It can be organised， such as ... Many people volunteer to ...是对志愿服务的具体解释，所以本段主要介绍了什么是志愿服务，故A项符合语境。
10.C 下文列举了志愿服务的不同形式，是对C项中all shapes and sizes的具体解释。
11.F 上文中的It can give you a sense of purpose， which can in turn develop your self-confidence and make you feel motivated.与F项为语义上的顺承关系，同时下文中的For example， if you love nature， why not volunteer for a wildlife charity？是对F项的解释说明。
12.E 下文与E项为语义上的顺承关系，其中reduce feelings of anxiety与E项中的make you happier相呼应。
13.G 上文中的which is good news for our mental health与G项为并列关系，指出了志愿活动对我们健康的影响。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。剑桥大学的学生Lottie Mills获得了BBC青年作家奖，在网络颁奖典礼上，她凭借《低能者》获得了人们的祝贺。
14.C 根据下文中a positive state of mind可知，这部小说旨在倡导一种积极的心态。由此可推知，这部小说讲述了一个鼓舞人心的故事。
15.A 根据上下文语境可知，小说中描述了差异，尤其是残疾方面的差异。
16.D 根据上下文语境可知，这部小说旨在倡导一种积极的心态。
17.B 根据语境可知，这部小说将神话变成了故事。transform into意为“转变成”。
18.A 参见上题解析。
19.C 根据第一段中的Lottie was inspired by “otherhood”可知，洛蒂受到了另类教育的启发，所以她的故事往往集中在另类教育的想法。
20.D 根据语境可知，洛蒂的故事主要基于那些被社会以这样或那样的方式抛弃的人物。
21.B 根据语境可知，此处指为大学论文作研究。
22.C 根据上文when I came across the idea of changeling可知，此处指想法在脑海里挥之不去。
23.D 根据下文rather than describe them as disadvantaged可知，洛蒂的文章想展示残疾人的优点，而不是把他们描述为弱势群体。
24.B 引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”应用when。
25.A 根据语境可知，洛蒂渴望成为一名作家。
26.C 根据下文Kate Thisteton， BBC RI presenter and chair of the Young Writers’ Award judges可知，洛蒂赢得了BBC青年作家奖，即她赢得了这场比赛。
27.D 根据下文I love the way it uses fairy mythology to tell a story about difference， disability and acceptance.可知，Kate对这本小说的评价是积极正面的，选项中beautiful最符合其情感色彩。
28.B 根据上文Lottie won and is considering a job as an author after being可知，洛蒂获奖，所以是受到了青年作家奖的激励，她正在考虑找一份作家的工作。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了IMAX（宽荧屏投影系统）。
29.with 考查介词。be familiar with是固定短语，表示“对……熟悉”。
30.bigger 考查形容词的比较级。下文的than regular cinemas暗示这里应用形容词的比较级。
31.a 考查冠词。system是一个可数名词，前面应用一个不定冠词来表示泛指，且complete的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
32.which 考查定语从句。本句前面的films是一个先行词，后面由关系代词which引导一个非限制性定语从句。
33.providing 考查非谓语动词。本句已经有谓语features，逗号后面需要一个状语，表示伴随情况或补充说明。
34.theaters 考查名词的单复数。这里表示所有配备有IMAX的影院，因此应用theater的复数形式。
35.are set 考查动词的时态和语态。这里表示所有座位被按照倾斜角度排列，应用被动语态。
36.directly 考查副词。前面的faces是一个动词，因此应用副词来修饰它。
37.to give 考查非谓语动词。这里表示电影院如此设计的目的，应用动词不定式形式。
38.is 考查动词的时态。本句的主语是the “3D”，而非ads，故填系动词is。
6 / 6Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
现在完成时的被动语态
1.Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
2.But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient.
3.Many people have been helped by the club.
4.She no longer feels lonely， and her company has become quite successful.
【我的发现】
上面句子中，句1、3中使用了 ，其结构为： ；句2、4中使用了 。
现在完成时的被动语态表示到现在为止某事已经被完成或被做。该语法项目既要表示现在已经完成又要表示被动的含义，因此很多学生在具体运用中容易顾此失彼。
一、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done ...
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done ...
一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done ...？
特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done ...？
So far， effective measures have been taken to protect endangered creatures from dying out.
迄今为止，已经采取了有效措施来保护濒危动物免遭灭绝。
The construction of the bridge has not been finished.
这座桥的建设还没有完成。
Has the date for the next meeting been decided？
下次会议的日期已经确定了吗？
How long has the project been carried out？
这项工程已经实施多长时间了？
【即时演练1】 用现在完成时的被动语态改写下列句子。
①Jack’s boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.
→Jack by his boss for his devotion to work.
②They have found a good place to build a temple in the village.
→A good place by them to build a temple in the village.
③We haven’t yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem.
→How to solve that difficult technological problem by us yet.
二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法
1.表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already、 yet、 never、 recently等副词及时间状语so far、 by now、 up till/to now、 since等连用。
With more and more children taking part in this activity， many family problems have already been solved.
随着越来越多的孩子参加这项活动，许多家庭问题已经得到了解决。
2.表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语（从句）连用，或用于how long引出的句子中。
We have been taught to be honest since we were very young.
自从我们很小的时候就被教育要诚实。
3.用在条件、时间状语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作完成。
You shouldn’t go out before your homework has been finished.
在你的作业完成之前你不应该出去。
【即时演练2】 单句语法填空
①I’m also good at writing in English and two articles of mine （publish） on 21st Century so far.
②Some efforts （make） to improve the air quality in the city last winter.
③Over the past three years， the paintings （take） to more than 20 museums in the world.
④For centuries， the ancient language （pass） down from one generation to another.
⑤Their new apartment （decorate） for two months and they’ll settle in it in the near future.
三、使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
1.与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
The park was opened to the public last year.
这个公园去年向公众开放。（说明动作发生于过去）
The park has been opened to the public.
这个公园已向公众开放。（说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经向公众开放了）
2.非延续性动词，如borrow、 finish、 begin、 start、 buy、 marry、 open、 join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时间状语。
The work was finished two weeks ago.
这项工作于两周前被完成。
The work has been finished.
这项工作已经被完成。
3.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。
It is said that the problem has been looked into.
据说这个问题已经被调查过了。
4.只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
Great improvements in public health have been brought about by advances in medical science.
医学科学的进步带来了公共卫生的巨大改善。
5.带有双宾语的动词， 如give、 send、 bring、 take、 teach、 show、 tell、 buy、 lend、 promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
Their teacher has given them many chances to practice what they have learned in class.
→They have been given many chances to practice what they have learned in class （by their teacher）.
→Many chances have been given to them to practice what they have learned in class （by their teacher）.
他们的老师给了他们很多机会练习上课所学（的内容）。
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空
①Great changes （take） place in my hometown and you can see that a lot of factories （set） up.
②More than 200 trees （plant） in our school last year.
③Many new measures （take） to improve teaching quality since the new headmaster came.
④Since the end of the war， over five thousand prisoners （release）.
confirm vt.确认；使确信
【教材原句】 Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password？你确认Wi-Fi密码了吗？
【用法】
confirm sb in sth 使某人确信某事
confirm sth/that ... 证实……
It has been confirmed that ... 已经证实/确定……
【佳句】 Planning to take a group to pay a visit to your school next month， I’m writing to confirm some information.
因计划下个月组团到贵校参观，我写信确认一些信息。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①There was frost on the ground， （confirm） that fall had arrived in Canada.
【写美】 完成句子
② some foreign teachers will stage singing， dancing and drama performances then.
据证实，一些外籍教师届时将进行歌唱、舞蹈和戏剧表演。
press vt.按，压；敦促
【教材原句】 Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file？你已经按下按钮复制文件了吗？
【用法】
（1）press ...against/to ...把……压/挤/贴在……
press sth into/onto sth 将……塞进；把……按入press sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事
be pressed from sb 在某人的督促下
（2）pressure n. 压力，压强；强迫
put pressure on sb 给某人施加压力
under pressure 承受压力
【佳句】 When she reached one nurse， she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand.
当她走到一位护士身边时，她试图把一张五英镑的纸币塞到她手里。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It is unwise to press the children （do） their homework every day.
②She pressed her face the window， wondering why her mother was so upset.
③I’ve received your letter and I’m sorry that you are under great （press）.
【写美】 完成句子
④I don’t want to ， but we haven’t much time left.
我并不想催你做决定，只是我们剩下的时间已经不多了。
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
现在完成时的被动语态 have/has＋been＋done 现在完成时
即时演练1
①has always been praised ②has been found
③hasn’t been decided
即时演练2
①have been published ②were made ③have been taken
④has been passed ⑤has been decorated
即时演练3
①have taken； have been set ②were planted
③have been taken ④have been released
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①confirming ②It has been confirmed that
2.①to do ②against/to ③pressure ④put pressure on you to make a decision
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