(共95张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Discovering Useful Structures
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
1. Most people just use the shortened name:“the United Kingdom”
or “the UK”.
2. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share
the same currency and military defence.
3. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the
legal system.
4. Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near
Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged.
【我的发现】
上面句子中,句1、2中的过去分词作 ,句3、4中的过去分词
作 。
定语
宾语补足语
一、过去分词作定语
1. 作定语时的位置
(1)前置定语
一般情况下,单个过去分词作前置定语,即放在所修饰词
之前。
I found a broken cup on the floor.
我发现地板上有一只打破的杯子。
I found it hard to understand her spoken English.
我发现很难理解她的英语口语。
(2)后置定语
过去分词(短语)作定语时,往往作后置定语,即放在所修
饰词之后,相当于一个定语从句。
The computer center opened last year is very popular among the
students in the school.
=The computer center which was opened last year is very
popular among the students in the school.
去年开放的计算机中心很受这个学校学生的欢迎。
His novels loved by many readers are well worth reading.
=His novels which are loved by many readers are well worth
reading.
他的小说深受读者喜爱,很值得一读。
(3)某些过去分词已成为形容词,这类形容词多用来表示人物的
心理特征或感情变化。常见的有moved、 interested、
disappointed、 shocked、 puzzled等。
From his disappointed look, I knew he didn’t pass the exam.
从他失望的表情来看,我知道他没有通过考试。
【即时演练1】 用所给词的适当形式填空
①I’m writing to invite you to join us in seeing a film
(call) My People, My Country.
②Last week, I attended the opening ceremony (design)
for Senior Three students in our school.
③Tsinghua University, (found) in 1911, is home to a
great number of outstanding figures.
④Most of the artists (invite) to the party were from South
Africa.
⑤Anyone (interest) in model airplanes and the
knowledge of space is warmly welcomed.
called
designed
founded
invited
interested
2. 作定语时的意义
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成,即被修
饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者,且该动作已
经完成。
We are trying to repair the damaged houses for the villagers.
我们正努力为村民们修复受损的房屋。
The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.
会议上提出的计划将很快被执行。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语,不表示被动意义,只强调动
作完成。
The ground is covered with the fallen leaves in autumn.
秋天,地上覆盖着落叶。
The risen sun offers light and heat necessary for life on the
Earth.
升起的太阳为地球上的生命提供了必需的光和热。
3. 过去分词与动词-ing形式作定语时的区别
(1)语态上不同:动词-ing形式表示主动意义,过去分词多表示
被动意义。
The young man playing the piano on stage is from Shanghai
Conservatory of Music.
在台上弹钢琴的那个年轻人来自上海音乐学院。
The question discussed at the meeting yesterday was of great
importance.
昨天会议上讨论过的那个问题很重要。
(2)时间关系上不同:动词-ing形式表示正在进行的动作,而过
去分词表示已经完成的动作。
On the other hand, I hope to broaden my horizons in this
developed country.
另一方面,我希望在这个发达国家拓宽我的视野。
As is known to all, China is a developing country.
众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。
4. 过去分词、动词-ing的被动形式与动词不定式的被动形式作定语时的区别
形式 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 正在进行
to be done 被动 尚未发生
现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building built last year is our classroom building.
去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built now is our classroom building.
【即时演练2】 用所给词的适当形式填空
① (pollute) air and water are harmful to people’s health.
②The man (walk) around the playground is my father.
③There are still many problems (solve) before we are
ready for a long stay on the moon.
Polluted
walking
to be solved
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1. 过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep、 leave等词的后面作宾语
补足语。
He passed away, leaving his works unfinished.
他去世了,留下他的著作尚未完成。
You should keep me informed of the result of the exam.
你应该告知我考试结果。
2. 过去分词用在使役动词have、 get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get+宾语+过去分词”结构表示“让某事被做”。
He wants to get his eyes examined tomorrow.
他明天想去检查眼睛。
I’d appreciate it if you could suggest a good way to have my
written English improved in a short period.
如果您能提出一个在短时间内提高我的书面英语的好方法,
我将不胜感激。
(2)在“make+宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词表示结果。
The teacher spoke aloud to make himself heard.
老师为了使自己被听见而大声说话。
3. 感官动词see、 hear、 notice、 observe、 watch、 feel、 find等后,
可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
When people are having meals or waiting for buses, you can always
find them addicted to their phones.
当人们吃饭或者等公交车的时候,你会发现他们痴迷于玩手机。
The next morning, people found the world outside their houses
completely changed.
第二天早上,人们发现他们房子外面的世界完全变了样。
4. 表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like、 want、 wish、 expect、
order等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
The manager wished the work finished at the end of this week.
经理希望在本周末完成这项工作。
5. 过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构中,过去分词
与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
With every problem settled, he began to think of making a journey.
每一个问题都解决后,他开始考虑进行一次旅行。
With most of his time wasted in playing computer games, he failed in
the exam.
因为大部分时间都浪费在玩电脑游戏上,所以他考试不及格。
【即时演练3】 用所给词的适当形式填空
①I need a new passport, so I will have to have my photograph
(take).
②He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make
them (interest) in his lectures.
③The teacher ordered the composition (turn) in at the end
of this week.
④When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself
(surround) by some doctors and nurses.
taken
interested
turned
surrounded
⑤I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes (fix) on
the book.
⑥The boss wouldn’t like the topic (discuss) at the
meeting.
fixed
discussed
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
charge n.收费;指控;主管vt.收费;控告;充电
【教材原句】 Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park
near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged.朱迪
和我把车停在特拉法加广场附近的一个地下停车场,在那里我们可以
给汽车电池充电。
【用法】
(1)free of charge 免费
in charge (of) 负责,主管
in the charge (of) (由……)负责,主管
take charge of 负责,主管
(2)charge sb for sth 因某事/物向某人收费
charge sb with sth 因某事指控某人
【佳句】 ①If you are interested in Chinese paintings,you can visit the
gallery located in the center of the city free of charge.如果你对中国画感
兴趣,你可以免费参观位于市中心的画廊。
②As long as you’ve paid in advance we won’t charge you for
delivery.
只要你预先付款,我们就不收你送货费。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Finally, I wonder how much you will charge us the six-week
course.
②He (charge) with stealing a car last week, which
puzzled all of us.
for
was charged
【写美】 一句多译
③她将负责星期六在学校礼堂举行的中国音乐会。
→She will be the Chinese music concert to be held in the
school hall on Saturday.
→She will the Chinese music concert to be held in the
school hall on Saturday.
→The Chinese music concert to be held in the school hall on Saturday will
be her.
in charge of
take charge of
in the charge of
announce vt.宣布;通知;声称
【教材原句】 When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio
guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.当我
们最终到达服务台要求提供有声导游时,我们听到服务台宣布已经没
有有声导游了。
【用法】
(1) announce sth to sb 向某人宣告某事
It’s announced that ... 据宣布……
announce a decision/intention/plan 宣布一个决定/意图/计划
formally/officially/publicly announce 正式/公开宣布
(2)announcement n. 宣布;公告
make an announcement 发布公告/通知
(3)announcer n. 播音员;报幕员
【佳句】 When the teacher announced the result to the class, I
wasn’t surprised at all but quite excited!
当老师向全班宣布结果的时候,我一点都不感到意外,而是很激动!
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When we finally reached the ticket office, we heard it
(announce) that all tickets had been sold out.
②I’m glad to hear you are competing for the position of
English (announce) on our school radio station.
announced
announcer
【写美】 完成句子
③ the coming-of-age
ceremony will be held at 9 a.m. next Sunday and will last three hours.
我宣布成人礼将在下周日上午九点举行,并将持续三个小时。
I announce/make an announcement that
amount n.金额;数量 v.总计,共计;相当于,等于
【教材原句】 We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of
visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.我
们感到非常惊讶,国家美术馆入口处有大量游客和噪音。
【用法】
(1)the amount of ... ……的数量
大量的/少量的
(2)amount to 共计,总计;等于,相当于
【佳句】 The amount of junk food teenagers eat goes up year by
year, which gradually ruins their health. 青少年吃垃圾食品的数量逐年
上涨,这逐渐损害了他们的健康。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①A large amount of money (be) donated by the generous poet
to the flood-stricken area last week.
②Large amounts of water (be) used to put the fire out
yesterday.
was
were
【写美】 完成句子
③Having , I
am suitable for the voluntary job.
我拥有大量的教学经验,适合这项志愿者工作。
④Her case has attracted .
她的案件引起了公众的极大同情。
a large amount of/large amounts of teaching experience
an enormous amount of public sympathy
approach n.方法;途径;接近;通道 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理
vi.靠近
【教材原句】 It was hard to approach the painting as there were so
many people around.
周围有那么多人,很难接近那幅画。
【用法】
(1)(an) approach to 接近,近似;(做某事)的方法(途径)
at the approach of ... 在……快到的时候
(2)approach sb/sth 靠近/接近某人/某物
be approaching 临近,靠近
【佳句】 ①As David approached the finish line, all the runners
cheered him on.
当大卫接近终点线时,所有的运动员都为他加油。
②He decided to adopt a new approach to teaching English.
他决定采用一种新的英语教学方法。
【点津】 各种各样的“做事的方法”:
the approach to doing sth
the way to do/of doing sth
the means of doing sth
the method of doing sth
【练透】 单句语法填空/语境辨义
①At the meeting, they discussed three different
(approach) to the study of maths.
②All the approaches to the airport were cut off because of the heavy
snow.
approaches
通道
【写美】 词汇/句式升级
③As the College Entrance Examination is drawing near,some students
are getting more and more nervous.
→ , some
students are getting more and more nervous.(with复合结构)
④Many kinds of birds fly south at the approach of winter.
→ , many kinds of birds fly
south. (as引导状语从句)
With the College Entrance Examination approaching
As winter approaches/is approaching
generous adj.慷慨的;大方的;丰富的
【教材原句】 Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family ...
卡尔和他的朋友们住在一个慷慨的家庭里……
【用法】
(1) be generous to sb 对某人慷慨
be generous with sth 在某方面大方
It’s generous of sb to do sth 某人做某事很慷慨
(2)generosity n. 慷慨,大方;宽宏大量
【佳句】 Without your generous support and patient guidance, we
wouldn’t have achieved such great success.
没有你的慷慨支持和耐心指导,我们不会取得这么大的成功。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Everybody likes to get along with someone who is generous
his time and money.
②I really wanted to see Ms Black and thank her for her
(generous).
with
generosity
【写美】 完成句子
③ her toys with the other
kids.
这个小女孩非常慷慨,她把自己的玩具与其他孩子分享。
It’s very generous of the little girl to share
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一:基础题型练
1. The airport (complete) next year will help
promote tourism in this area.
2. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr Lee was very
happy to see his mother (take) good care of at home.
3. Prices of daily goods (buy) through a computer can be
lower than store prices.
to be completed
taken
bought
4. The girl answered the question in such a low voice that she couldn’t
make herself (hear) by others.
5. The Internet keeps us (inform) of the latest news and
also provides entertainment for us at home.
6. Sorry again for any inconvenience (cause) by my
absence and all the best wishes to you.
7. The activity, (organise) by the Students’ Union,
attracted all Senior One students.
heard
informed
caused
organised
维度二:语法与写作
1. Addicted to computer games, he
.
他沉迷于电脑游戏,很多作业没有做完。
2. We have already received the English books
.
我们已经收到了贵校捐赠的英语书。
left much homework
unfinished
donated by your
school
3. The players are expected
to bring us honour in this summer game.
我们期待这些从全国选出的运动员在这次夏季比赛中能给我们带来
荣耀。
4. in the university, I will
play a more active role in contributing to my country.
有了在大学里获得的知识和技能,我将更加积极地为祖国作贡献。
selected/chosen from the whole country
With knowledge and skills gained/got
5. As he was pushing his bicycle across the track, he was surprised
to .
当他正推着他的自行车穿过这条小道时,他吃惊地听到有人叫他的
名字。
hear his name called
维度三:语段翻译
使用过去分词作定语和宾语补足语完成下面短文。
Last week, I served as a volunteer at a competition 1.
(由学生会举办的) to 2.
(提高我的交流技能).3.
(被邀请的裁判) were from Grade Three.4.
(所有对比赛感兴趣的同学)
were allowed to take part.5. (所有
的准备工作完成), the competition went on smoothly.At last, the
competition turned out to be a great success, and we were all happy to
6. (看到我们的努力被认可) by the
students and teachers.
held by the
Students’ Union
have my
communication skills improved
The
judges invited
All
students interested in the competition
With all preparation work done
see our efforts recognised
维度四:语法与语篇
Li Hong once hated cycling and his 1. (abandon)
bicycle was in the corner of his room.Later, his father invited a
2. (retire) bike instructor to give him some instructions.In
order to make him strong, his coach required him to practise every
day.He must finish the task in the 3. (give) time.He covered
a long distance to improve his strength.The method 4. (adopt) by his coach was very scientific and he made rapid progress.In a cycle race
abandoned
retired
given
adopted
Li Hong took part in, the cyclists 5. (involve) all longed
to win medals.During the match, the audience beside the road waved at him and he was proud of himself.Finally, Li Hong won a gold medal.He thought the medal 6. (give) should belong to his coach.
given
involved
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
My mother says I was born a performer.When I found out there was a
school for the arts in my city, I begged my parents to let me audition
(试演).
My parents gathered information about the audition process.It
sounded easy.Kids my age only had to learn a dance routine, tell a joke
or funny story, and sing a song.
“What joke are you going to tell?” my parents asked me.
I didn’t know a lot of jokes.My father knew about a thousand, and
gave me all sorts of ideas, but nothing seemed quite right.
“I know,” I said to my parents.“I’ll tell that story about the
ketchup (番茄酱).”
They asked what I was talking about.
“When I was little,” I said, “I watched a scary movie with
Aunt Carole.She said,‘Don’t worry, nobody really got hurt.They
just put ketchup on the actors to make it look like blood.’ After that, I
said I wanted to be an actor because I loved ketchup.When the scene was
over, I would lick it all up!”
My parents smiled, but they didn’t laugh.
When my audition came around, my father took the day off work to
drive me.On the way my father kept telling jokes.He obviously wanted
me to use one of his instead of telling my ketchup story, but my mind
was made up.
In the auditorium there were lots of other kids auditioning.Some of
their jokes were terrible, but some students were hilarious.
The second part of the audition was a joke.When the teachers called
my name, I walked on stage and started right away with my story about
ketchup.I finished my story but nobody laughed!
My father stood in the doorway.He was smiling, but I could feel the
pity in his eyes.He’d tried to tell me the story wasn’t funny, but it
took standing up in front of a big group of strangers for me to realise he
was right.
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。作者参加了一次演出,当她讲完笑
话没有人笑时,她有一种挫败感。
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。作者参加了一次演出,当她讲完笑
话没有人笑时,她有一种挫败感。
1. What can we learn about the audition process?( )
A. It was very difficult.
B. It included three parts.
C. The author had no confidence in it.
D. The author’s parents showed no interest.
解析: 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,这一试演包括舞蹈、笑
话或故事以及唱歌三个部分。
2. What did the author’s parents think of the ketchup story?( )
A. It was very scary.
B. It was their favourite.
C. It was not real indeed.
D. It was not funny enough.
解析: 推理判断题。根据第八段可知,父母听了作者讲的笑话
后只是微微一笑,并没有大笑。由此可知,作者的父母认为番茄酱
的故事还不够好笑。
3. Why did the author’s father keep telling jokes on the way?( )
A. To show his talents.
B. To entertain others.
C. To offer a better choice.
D. To help relax the author.
解析: 细节理解题。根据第九段可知,作者的父亲之所以一路
上一直讲笑话,是因为他希望作者可以选择一个他所提供的笑话。
4. How did the author’s father feel at the end of the story?( )
A. Very excited. B. Very moved.
C. A little surprised. D. A little disappointed.
解析: 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知,作者的笑话讲完后现
场没有人笑;父亲虽然一直保持微笑,但是他肯定为女儿的表演失
败而遗憾和失望。
B
(2024·烟台高一下学期月考)English language has “borrowed”
words for centuries.“But is it now lending more than it’s taking?”
asks Philip Durkin, deputy chief editor of the Oxford English Dictionary.
Today English borrows words from other languages with a truly
global reach.Some examples that the Oxford English Dictionary suggests
entered English during the past 30 years include tarka dal, a creamy
Indian lentil dish (1984, from Hindi), quinzhee, a type of snow
shelter (1984, from Slave or another language of the Pacific Coast of
North America), popiah, a type of Singaporean or Malaysian spring
roll (1986, from Malay), izakaya, a type of Japanese bar serving
food (1987), affogato, an Italian dessert made of ice cream and
coffee (1992).
Some words slowly build up in frequency.For instance, the word
sushi is first recorded in English in the 1890s, but the earliest examples in
print all feel the need to explain what sushi is, and it is only in recent
decades that it has become ubiquitous , as sushi has spread along the high
street and into supermarkets in most English-speaking countries.
It’s very hard to be precise about the boundaries of the vocabulary of
any language, especially a global one like modern English.Every speaker
of a language has a slightly different vocabulary.Although English is now
borrowing from other languages with a worldwide range, the number of
new borrowed words finding their way into the shared international
vocabulary is on a long downward trend.
One big reason for this is the success of English as an international
language of science, scholarship, business, and many other fields.If
we think about words coming into English from foreign languages in the
18th and 19th centuries, we may think first of the influence of
colonialism (殖民主义) and expanding trade.Words like jungle
(1776), bangle (1787), yoga (1818), khaki (1863) came
into English from languages of South Asia.But in many other cases new
words slipped into English as a result of scientific coinages (新造词) in
other European languages.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。作为一门国际语言,英语中有大量
的外来词汇。牛津词典副主编Philip Durkin认为,目前英语引进外来
词汇的步伐在放慢。
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。作为一门国际语言,英语中有大量
的外来词汇。牛津词典副主编Philip Durkin认为,目前英语引进外来
词汇的步伐在放慢。
5. Some examples are given in Paragraph 2 to show that .
( )
A. English has a very large vocabulary
B. many borrowed words in English are about food
C. English borrows words from a variety of countries
D. English borrows a number of words from other languages
解析: 段落大意题。第二段首句是该段的主题句,后面所举的
例子都是为了证明这一观点:英语从世界各国的语言中引进词汇。
6. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 3 probably
mean?( )
A. Obvious. B. Common.
C. Available. D. Important.
解析:词义猜测题。根据下句可知,最近几十年,sushi(寿司)在英语国家随处可见。由此判断,ubiquitous表示“普遍的”。
7. Which of the following conclusions does the writer agree with?
( )
A. English stops borrowing words from other languages.
B. English will borrow more words from other languages.
C. English is borrowing more words from other languages.
D. English is borrowing fewer words from other languages.
解析: 细节理解题。根据第四段可知,虽然目前英语依然从其
他语言引进词汇,但是这一趋势已经在减缓。
8. The words yoga and khaki came into English as a result of .
( )
A. social change B. economic trade
C. cultural contacts D. scientific development
解析: 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,yoga和khaki这两个词
汇是在殖民主义和贸易扩张的背景下被引进的。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2024·郑州高一下学期期末)In July 1976, the United States had
a holiday.It was the two-hundredth anniversary of the signing of the
Declaration of Independence.9.( ) In New York City, there were
fireworks, parades, and speeches.Right in the middle of it all stood that
towering symbol of American freedom — the Statue of Liberty!
The statue’s real name is Liberty Enlightening the World, but it’s
often called Lady Liberty or the Statue of Liberty.10.( ) It’s
made of copper and is mostly hollow, with a metal skeleton-like support
structure inside and stairs so visitors can walk up into its crown.Today
about four million people visit the Statue of Liberty every year.
Like the American flag, the statue is shown on army posters and on
postage stamps.A picture of the torch is on the ten dollar bill.Advertisers
have used it to sell everything from soap to hamburgers.11.( )
Since 1886, the statue has offered a message of hope to immigrants
coming to America.From the late 1800s into the 1900s, millions came
from other countries.Most were very poor and most came from
Europe.They crossed the Atlantic Ocean on steamships.As the majority of
those ships sailed into New York Harbor, one of the first landmarks they
saw was the Statue of Liberty.12.( ) At last they had reached
America, land of liberty, where they hoped to start a new and better
life.
Surprisingly, the Statue of Liberty was not the United States’
idea.13.( ) A French professor first proposed the idea, a French
sculptor designed the statue, and a French engineer designed its inner
framework.Americans were not even sure they wanted the statue at first.
A. It was a gift from the people of France.
B. The statue is huge — 151 feet and 1 inch tall.
C. They would cheer and sometimes cry with joy.
D. All over the country, towns and cities celebrated.
E. It is widely believed to be the gateway to America.
F. It’s one of the most well-known buildings in the world.
G. It has even had roles in movies such as Independence Day, and
Superman Ⅱ.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了美国的标志性建
筑——自由女神像。
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了美国的标志性建
筑——自由女神像。
9. D 上下文都在介绍美国的一次庆典——纪念《独立宣言》签署
200周年,故D项符合语境。
10. B 本段介绍自由女神像在构造等方面的一些细节,故B项符
合语境。
11. G 本段主要介绍自由女神像的广泛影响,G项是其影响的一个具
体例证。
12. C 本段介绍18世纪末到19世纪欧洲等地人们移民到美国的情
景,C项是他们刚到美国看到自由女神像时的反应。
13. A 上句说自由女神像不是美国人的主意,A项承接上文,说明它
是法国人的杰作。
Ⅲ.完形填空
A little note has gone a long way for one family in Louisiana. Chris
Yandle, a father of two, told the media how his simple 14 message
that started on 14 August 2017 turned into years of power to his daughter.
Now it has become a(n) 15 rewarding part of his routine.
Yandle, together with his family, had to 16 to his hometown
Louisiana when he lost his job in 2016. His daughter Addison was in her
fourth school in five years. After all the 17 , Yandle started to notice
that she was 18 about school life and that’s where the note started.
He wrote her a note of positive words and put it secretly in her lunch
box and he 19 doing it. It was his way of 20 her. After a
month, he realised that he was also writing them for himself because a lot
of 21 situations happened in his own life.
With his more than 690 handwritten notes, Yandle had 22 many
different subjects. Then he noticed an obvious 23 when his daughter
started seventh grade. She became more confident.“The thought going
into each note is also my way to help 24 her as she grows older,”
explained Yandle. He never imagined the notes could obtain so
much 25 .But after the 26 from his daughter’s principal (校
长), Yandle managed to publish a book to show his notes.
He has learned that his children don’t 27 who he is
professionally; the most important thing is that he can return home
and 28 everything with them.
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Chris Yandle通过写
便条鼓励和帮助女儿逐渐摆脱困境的故事。
14. A. funny B. puzzling
C. indirect D. inspiring
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Chris Yandle通过写
便条鼓励和帮助女儿逐渐摆脱困境的故事。
解析: 根据下文可知,Chris Yandle告诉媒体他的一则简单的
激励性留言如何给他女儿提供了一种长期的力量。
15. A. equally B. strangely
C. impossibly D. briefly
解析: 根据下文he was also writing them for himself可知,这对
他的日常生活同样有益。
16. A. report B. return
C. donate D. travel
解析: 根据语境可知,失业后的Yandle和家人不得不回到家乡
路易斯安那州。
17. A. discussions B. accidents
C. surprises D. moves
解析: 根据上文His daughter Addison was in her fourth school in
five years.可知,他们在不断地搬家。
18. A. crazy B. anxious
C. hopeful D. curious
解析: 根据语境可知,几次转学之后,Yandle注意到女儿开始
对学校生活感到焦虑。
19. A. imagined B. finished
C. kept D. considered
解析: 根据下文After a month可知,他在持续做这件事。
20. A. supporting B. recommending
C. understanding D. attracting
解析: 根据上文He wrote her a note of positive words可知,这
是他支持女儿的方式。
21. A. cool B. stressful
C. silly D. interesting
解析: 根据语境可知,在他自己的生活中,也出现了很多充
满压力的情况。
22. A. covered B. avoided
C. taught D. reduced
解析: 根据many different subjects可知,Yandle写的便条涉及
了很多不同的话题。
23. A. arrangement B. question
C. improvement D. request
解析: 根据下文She became more confident.可知,Yandle的女
儿上七年级时有了明显的改进。
24. A. identify B. forgive
C. introduce D. guide
解析: 根据语境可知,每一张便条中所蕴含的思想也是Yandle
指导女儿成长的一种方式。
25. A. determination B. trouble
C. attention D. patience
解析: 根据上文told the media可知,Yandle没想到这些便条会
得到如此多的关注。
26. A. push B. refusal
C. challenge D. doubt
解析: 根据语境可知,Yandle受到了来自女儿的校长的鼓励。
27. A. know B. influence
C. care D. believe
解析: 根据语境可知,孩子们不在乎爸爸的职业是什么。
28. A. share B. compare
C. exchange D. judge
解析: 根据语境可知,孩子们希望爸爸能回家和他们一起分
享生活中的一切。
Ⅳ.语法填空
The Chinese language has become increasingly popular in the
world.More British students chose to sit Chinese tests than German in this
year’s A-level examinations, 29. (show) a great
curiosity in the ancient Asian language.
This is the first time that Mandarin Chinese has overtaken German at
A-levels, a British public exam 30. (take) by high
school students, making it the third most popular language in the UK.
31. total of 3,334 candidates chose Mandarin
32. their foreign language, while around 3,058 sat A-
level German, down 16.5 percent year-on-year.
French and Spanish still remain the most popular foreign
languages.The German language 33. (follow) by
Russian and Polish.
According to the Office of Chinese Language Council International
(Hanban), more than 100 million people, excluding native
speakers, use Chinese 34. (global), while Chinese
teaching centers have surpassed 70,000.
The Republic of Korea has the 35. (large)
population of Chinese language learners in the world with the number
estimated at around 10.6 million.Last year alone, over 170,000 people
36. (sign) up for Chinese language tests, like the
HSK.
The United Nations (UN) in 2010 suggested a Chinese Language
Day 37. falls on 20 April each year to celebrate cultural
diversity as well as 38. (promote) the equal use of all
official languages.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。近年来,全球范围内掀起“汉语
热”。在英国,汉语成为“英国国考”第三大外语科目。
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。近年来,全球范围内掀起“汉语
热”。在英国,汉语成为“英国国考”第三大外语科目。
29. showing 考查非谓语动词。前面句子已经有完整的主谓宾结构,
逗号后面应该起补充说明作用,因此用showing作伴随状语。
30. taken 考查非谓语动词。本空前面是名词exam,后面是对其起修
饰限定作用的定语,由于表被动概念,故填taken。
31. A 考查冠词。a total of是固定短语,表示“总数;总额”。
32. as 考查介词。choose ...as ...表示“选择……作为……”。
33. is followed 考查动词的时态和语态。本句主语The German
language是谓语动作follow的承受者,应用被动语态。
34. globally 考查副词。本句中use是谓语动词,应用副词来修饰,
故填globally。
35. largest 考查形容词。本句后面的状语为in the world,表示在世界
范围内比较,因此用形容词的最高级形式。
36. signed 考查动词的时态。本句前面的时间状语Last year暗示这里
应用一般过去时,故填signed。
37. which/that 考查定语从句。本空前面的Chinese Language Day为
先行词,后面由关系代词which/that引导限制性定语从句。
38. to promote 考查非谓语动词。本空与前面的to celebrate是并列关
系,都作目的状语,故填to promote。
谢谢观看!Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
维度一:基础题型练
1.The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
2.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother (take) good care of at home.
3.Prices of daily goods (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.
4.The girl answered the question in such a low voice that she couldn’t make herself (hear) by others.
5.The Internet keeps us (inform) of the latest news and also provides entertainment for us at home.
6.Sorry again for any inconvenience (cause) by my absence and all the best wishes to you.
7.The activity, (organise) by the Students’ Union, attracted all Senior One students.
维度二:语法与写作
1.Addicted to computer games, he .
他沉迷于电脑游戏,很多作业没有做完。
2.We have already received the English books .
我们已经收到了贵校捐赠的英语书。
3.The players are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.
我们期待这些从全国选出的运动员在这次夏季比赛中能给我们带来荣耀。
4. in the university, I will play a more active role in contributing to my country.
有了在大学里获得的知识和技能,我将更加积极地为祖国作贡献。
5.As he was pushing his bicycle across the track, he was surprised to .
当他正推着他的自行车穿过这条小道时,他吃惊地听到有人叫他的名字。
维度三:语段翻译
使用过去分词作定语和宾语补足语完成下面短文。
Last week, I served as a volunteer at a competition 1. (由学生会举办的) to 2. (提高我的交流技能).3. (被邀请的裁判) were from Grade Three.4. (所有对比赛感兴趣的同学) were allowed to take part.5. (所有的准备工作完成), the competition went on smoothly.At last, the competition turned out to be a great success, and we were all happy to 6. (看到我们的努力被认可) by the students and teachers.
维度四:语法与语篇
Li Hong once hated cycling and his 1. (abandon) bicycle was in the corner of his room.Later, his father invited a 2. (retire) bike instructor to give him some instructions.In order to make him strong, his coach required him to practise every day.He must finish the task in the 3. (give) time.He covered a long distance to improve his strength.The method 4. (adopt) by his coach was very scientific and he made rapid progress.In a cycle race Li Hong took part in, the cyclists 5. (involve) all longed to win medals.During the match, the audience beside the road waved at him and he was proud of himself.Finally, Li Hong won a gold medal.He thought the medal 6. (give) should belong to his coach.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
My mother says I was born a performer.When I found out there was a school for the arts in my city, I begged my parents to let me audition (试演).
My parents gathered information about the audition process.It sounded easy.Kids my age only had to learn a dance routine, tell a joke or funny story, and sing a song.
“What joke are you going to tell?” my parents asked me.
I didn’t know a lot of jokes.My father knew about a thousand, and gave me all sorts of ideas, but nothing seemed quite right.
“I know,” I said to my parents.“I’ll tell that story about the ketchup (番茄酱).”
They asked what I was talking about.
“When I was little,” I said, “I watched a scary movie with Aunt Carole.She said,‘Don’t worry, nobody really got hurt.They just put ketchup on the actors to make it look like blood.’ After that, I said I wanted to be an actor because I loved ketchup.When the scene was over, I would lick it all up!”
My parents smiled, but they didn’t laugh.
When my audition came around, my father took the day off work to drive me.On the way my father kept telling jokes.He obviously wanted me to use one of his instead of telling my ketchup story, but my mind was made up.
In the auditorium there were lots of other kids auditioning.Some of their jokes were terrible, but some students were hilarious.
The second part of the audition was a joke.When the teachers called my name, I walked on stage and started right away with my story about ketchup.I finished my story but nobody laughed!
My father stood in the doorway.He was smiling, but I could feel the pity in his eyes.He’d tried to tell me the story wasn’t funny, but it took standing up in front of a big group of strangers for me to realise he was right.
1.What can we learn about the audition process?( )
A.It was very difficult. B.It included three parts.
C.The author had no confidence in it. D.The author’s parents showed no interest.
2.What did the author’s parents think of the ketchup story?( )
A.It was very scary. B.It was their favourite.
C.It was not real indeed. D.It was not funny enough.
3.Why did the author’s father keep telling jokes on the way?( )
A.To show his talents. B.To entertain others.
C.To offer a better choice. D.To help relax the author.
4.How did the author’s father feel at the end of the story?( )
A.Very excited. B.Very moved.
C.A little surprised. D.A little disappointed.
B
(2024·烟台高一下学期月考)English language has “borrowed” words for centuries.“But is it now lending more than it’s taking?” asks Philip Durkin, deputy chief editor of the Oxford English Dictionary.
Today English borrows words from other languages with a truly global reach.Some examples that the Oxford English Dictionary suggests entered English during the past 30 years include tarka dal, a creamy Indian lentil dish (1984, from Hindi), quinzhee, a type of snow shelter (1984, from Slave or another language of the Pacific Coast of North America), popiah, a type of Singaporean or Malaysian spring roll (1986, from Malay), izakaya, a type of Japanese bar serving food (1987), affogato, an Italian dessert made of ice cream and coffee (1992).
Some words slowly build up in frequency.For instance, the word sushi is first recorded in English in the 1890s, but the earliest examples in print all feel the need to explain what sushi is, and it is only in recent decades that it has become ubiquitous, as sushi has spread along the high street and into supermarkets in most English-speaking countries.
It’s very hard to be precise about the boundaries of the vocabulary of any language, especially a global one like modern English.Every speaker of a language has a slightly different vocabulary.Although English is now borrowing from other languages with a worldwide range, the number of new borrowed words finding their way into the shared international vocabulary is on a long downward trend.
One big reason for this is the success of English as an international language of science, scholarship, business, and many other fields.If we think about words coming into English from foreign languages in the 18th and 19th centuries, we may think first of the influence of colonialism (殖民主义) and expanding trade.Words like jungle (1776), bangle (1787), yoga (1818), khaki (1863) came into English from languages of South Asia.But in many other cases new words slipped into English as a result of scientific coinages (新造词) in other European languages.
5.Some examples are given in Paragraph 2 to show that .( )
A.English has a very large vocabulary
B.many borrowed words in English are about food
C.English borrows words from a variety of countries
D.English borrows a number of words from other languages
6.What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?( )
A.Obvious. B.Common.
C.Available. D.Important.
7.Which of the following conclusions does the writer agree with?( )
A.English stops borrowing words from other languages.
B.English will borrow more words from other languages.
C.English is borrowing more words from other languages.
D.English is borrowing fewer words from other languages.
8.The words yoga and khaki came into English as a result of .( )
A.social change B.economic trade
C.cultural contacts D.scientific development
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2024·郑州高一下学期期末)In July 1976, the United States had a holiday.It was the two-hundredth anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence.9.( ) In New York City, there were
fireworks, parades, and speeches.Right in the middle of it all stood that towering symbol of American freedom — the Statue of Liberty!
The statue’s real name is Liberty Enlightening the World, but it’s often called Lady Liberty or the Statue of Liberty.10.( ) It’s made of copper and is mostly hollow, with a metal skeleton-like support structure inside and stairs so visitors can walk up into its crown.Today about four million people visit the Statue of Liberty every year.
Like the American flag, the statue is shown on army posters and on postage stamps.A picture of the torch is on the ten dollar bill.Advertisers have used it to sell everything from soap to hamburgers.11.( )
Since 1886, the statue has offered a message of hope to immigrants coming to America.From the late 1800s into the 1900s, millions came from other countries.Most were very poor and most came from Europe.They crossed the Atlantic Ocean on steamships.As the majority of those ships sailed into New York Harbor, one of the first landmarks they saw was the Statue of Liberty.12.( ) At last they had reached America, land of liberty, where they hoped to start a new and better life.
Surprisingly, the Statue of Liberty was not the United States’ idea.13.( ) A French professor first proposed the idea, a French sculptor designed the statue, and a French engineer designed its inner framework.Americans were not even sure they wanted the statue at first.
A.It was a gift from the people of France.
B.The statue is huge — 151 feet and 1 inch tall.
C.They would cheer and sometimes cry with joy.
D.All over the country, towns and cities celebrated.
E.It is widely believed to be the gateway to America.
F.It’s one of the most well-known buildings in the world.
G.It has even had roles in movies such as Independence Day, and Superman Ⅱ.
Ⅲ.完形填空
A little note has gone a long way for one family in Louisiana. Chris Yandle, a father of two, told the media how his simple 14 message that started on 14 August 2017 turned into years of power to his daughter. Now it has become a(n) 15 rewarding part of his routine.
Yandle, together with his family, had to 16 to his hometown Louisiana when he lost his job in 2016. His daughter Addison was in her fourth school in five years. After all the 17 , Yandle started to notice that she was 18 about school life and that’s where the note started.
He wrote her a note of positive words and put it secretly in her lunch box and he 19 doing it. It was his way of 20 her. After a month, he realised that he was also writing them for himself because a lot of 21 situations happened in his own life.
With his more than 690 handwritten notes, Yandle had 22 many different subjects. Then he noticed an obvious 23 when his daughter started seventh grade. She became more confident.“The thought going into each note is also my way to help 24 her as she grows older,” explained Yandle. He never imagined the notes could obtain so much 25 .But after the 26 from his daughter’s principal (校长), Yandle managed to publish a book to show his notes.
He has learned that his children don’t 27 who he is professionally; the most important thing is that he can return home and 28 everything with them.
14.( )A.funny B.puzzling
C.indirect D.inspiring
15.( )A.equally B.strangely
C.impossibly D.briefly
16.( )A.report B.return
C.donate D.travel
17.( )A.discussions B.accidents
C.surprises D.moves
18.( )A.crazy B.anxious
C.hopeful D.curious
19.( )A.imagined B.finished
C.kept D.considered
20.( )A.supporting B.recommending
C.understanding D.attracting
21.( )A.cool B.stressful
C.silly D.interesting
22.( )A.covered B.avoided
C.taught D.reduced
23.( )A.arrangement B.question
C.improvement D.request
24.( )A.identify B.forgive
C.introduce D.guide
25.( )A.determination B.trouble
C.attention D.patience
26.( )A.push B.refusal
C.challenge D.doubt
27.( )A.know B.influence
C.care D.believe
28.( )A.share B.compare
C.exchange D.judge
Ⅳ.语法填空
The Chinese language has become increasingly popular in the world.More British students chose to sit Chinese tests than German in this year’s A-level examinations, 29. (show) a great curiosity in the ancient Asian language.
This is the first time that Mandarin Chinese has overtaken German at A-levels, a British public exam 30. (take) by high school students, making it the third most popular language in the UK.
31. total of 3,334 candidates chose Mandarin 32. their foreign language, while around 3,058 sat A-level German, down 16.5 percent year-on-year.
French and Spanish still remain the most popular foreign languages.The German language 33. (follow) by Russian and Polish.
According to the Office of Chinese Language Council International (Hanban), more than 100 million people, excluding native speakers, use Chinese 34. (global), while Chinese teaching centers have surpassed 70,000.
The Republic of Korea has the 35. (large) population of Chinese language learners in the world with the number estimated at around 10.6 million.Last year alone, over 170,000 people 36. (sign) up for Chinese language tests, like the HSK.
The United Nations (UN) in 2010 suggested a Chinese Language Day 37. falls on 20 April each year to celebrate cultural diversity as well as 38. (promote) the equal use of all official languages.
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
基础知识自测
维度一
1.to be completed 2.taken 3.bought 4.heard 5.informed
6.caused 7.organised
维度二
1.left much homework unfinished
2.donated by your school
3.selected/chosen from the whole country
4.With knowledge and skills gained/got
5.hear his name called
维度三
1.held by the Students’ Union 2.have my communication skills improved 3.The judges invited 4.All students interested in the competition 5.With all preparation work done
6.see our efforts recognised
维度四
1.abandoned 2.retired 3.given 4.adopted 5.involved 6.given
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。作者参加了一次演出,当她讲完笑话没有人笑时,她有一种挫败感。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,这一试演包括舞蹈、笑话或故事以及唱歌三个部分。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第八段可知,父母听了作者讲的笑话后只是微微一笑,并没有大笑。由此可知,作者的父母认为番茄酱的故事还不够好笑。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第九段可知,作者的父亲之所以一路上一直讲笑话,是因为他希望作者可以选择一个他所提供的笑话。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知,作者的笑话讲完后现场没有人笑;父亲虽然一直保持微笑,但是他肯定为女儿的表演失败而遗憾和失望。
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。作为一门国际语言,英语中有大量的外来词汇。牛津词典副主编Philip Durkin认为,目前英语引进外来词汇的步伐在放慢。
5.C 段落大意题。第二段首句是该段的主题句,后面所举的例子都是为了证明这一观点:英语从世界各国的语言中引进词汇。
6.B 词义猜测题。根据下句可知,最近几十年,sushi(寿司)在英语国家随处可见。由此判断,ubiquitous表示“普遍的”。
7.D 细节理解题。根据第四段可知,虽然目前英语依然从其他语言引进词汇,但是这一趋势已经在减缓。
8.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,yoga和khaki这两个词汇是在殖民主义和贸易扩张的背景下被引进的。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了美国的标志性建筑——自由女神像。
9.D 上下文都在介绍美国的一次庆典——纪念《独立宣言》签署200周年,故D项符合语境。
10.B 本段介绍自由女神像在构造等方面的一些细节,故B项符合语境。
11.G 本段主要介绍自由女神像的广泛影响,G项是其影响的一个具体例证。
12.C 本段介绍18世纪末到19世纪欧洲等地人们移民到美国的情景,C项是他们刚到美国看到自由女神像时的反应。
13.A 上句说自由女神像不是美国人的主意,A项承接上文,说明它是法国人的杰作。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Chris Yandle通过写便条鼓励和帮助女儿逐渐摆脱困境的故事。
14.D 根据下文可知,Chris Yandle告诉媒体他的一则简单的激励性留言如何给他女儿提供了一种长期的力量。
15.A 根据下文he was also writing them for himself可知,这对他的日常生活同样有益。
16.B 根据语境可知,失业后的Yandle和家人不得不回到家乡路易斯安那州。
17.D 根据上文His daughter Addison was in her fourth school in five years.可知,他们在不断地搬家。
18.B 根据语境可知,几次转学之后,Yandle注意到女儿开始对学校生活感到焦虑。
19.C 根据下文After a month可知,他在持续做这件事。
20.A 根据上文He wrote her a note of positive words可知,这是他支持女儿的方式。
21.B 根据语境可知,在他自己的生活中,也出现了很多充满压力的情况。
22.A 根据many different subjects可知,Yandle写的便条涉及了很多不同的话题。
23.C 根据下文She became more confident.可知,Yandle的女儿上七年级时有了明显的改进。
24.D 根据语境可知,每一张便条中所蕴含的思想也是Yandle指导女儿成长的一种方式。
25.C 根据上文told the media可知,Yandle没想到这些便条会得到如此多的关注。
26.A 根据语境可知,Yandle受到了来自女儿的校长的鼓励。
27.C 根据语境可知,孩子们不在乎爸爸的职业是什么。
28.A 根据语境可知,孩子们希望爸爸能回家和他们一起分享生活中的一切。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。近年来,全球范围内掀起“汉语热”。在英国,汉语成为“英国国考”第三大外语科目。
29.showing 考查非谓语动词。前面句子已经有完整的主谓宾结构,逗号后面应该起补充说明作用,因此用showing作伴随状语。
30.taken 考查非谓语动词。本空前面是名词exam,后面是对其起修饰限定作用的定语,由于表被动概念,故填taken。
31.A 考查冠词。a total of是固定短语,表示“总数;总额”。
32.as 考查介词。choose ...as ...表示“选择……作为……”。
33.is followed 考查动词的时态和语态。本句主语The German language是谓语动作follow的承受者,应用被动语态。
34.globally 考查副词。本句中use是谓语动词,应用副词来修饰,故填globally。
35.largest 考查形容词。本句后面的状语为in the world,表示在世界范围内比较,因此用形容词的最高级形式。
36.signed 考查动词的时态。本句前面的时间状语Last year暗示这里应用一般过去时,故填signed。
37.which/that 考查定语从句。本空前面的Chinese Language Day为先行词,后面由关系代词which/that引导限制性定语从句。
38.to promote 考查非谓语动词。本空与前面的to celebrate是并列关系,都作目的状语,故填to promote。
6 / 6Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
1.Most people just use the shortened name:“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.
2.They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
3.They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
4.Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged.
【我的发现】
上面句子中,句1、2中的过去分词作 ,句3、4中的过去分词作 。
一、过去分词作定语
1.作定语时的位置
(1)前置定语
一般情况下,单个过去分词作前置定语,即放在所修饰词之前。
I found a broken cup on the floor.
我发现地板上有一只打破的杯子。
I found it hard to understand her spoken English.
我发现很难理解她的英语口语。
(2)后置定语
过去分词(短语)作定语时,往往作后置定语,即放在所修饰词之后,相当于一个定语从句。
The computer center opened last year is very popular among the students in the school.
=The computer center which was opened last year is very popular among the students in the school.
去年开放的计算机中心很受这个学校学生的欢迎。
His novels loved by many readers are well worth reading.
=His novels which are loved by many readers are well worth reading.
他的小说深受读者喜爱,很值得一读。
(3)某些过去分词已成为形容词,这类形容词多用来表示人物的心理特征或感情变化。常见的有moved、 interested、 disappointed、 shocked、 puzzled等。
From his disappointed look, I knew he didn’t pass the exam.
从他失望的表情来看,我知道他没有通过考试。
【即时演练1】 用所给词的适当形式填空
①I’m writing to invite you to join us in seeing a film (call) My People, My Country.
②Last week, I attended the opening ceremony (design) for Senior Three students in our school.
③Tsinghua University, (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
④Most of the artists (invite) to the party were from South Africa.
⑤Anyone (interest) in model airplanes and the knowledge of space is warmly welcomed.
2.作定语时的意义
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成,即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者,且该动作已经完成。
We are trying to repair the damaged houses for the villagers.
我们正努力为村民们修复受损的房屋。
The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.
会议上提出的计划将很快被执行。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语,不表示被动意义,只强调动作完成。
The ground is covered with the fallen leaves in autumn.
秋天,地上覆盖着落叶。
The risen sun offers light and heat necessary for life on the Earth.
升起的太阳为地球上的生命提供了必需的光和热。
3.过去分词与动词-ing形式作定语时的区别
(1)语态上不同:动词-ing形式表示主动意义,过去分词多表示被动意义。
The young man playing the piano on stage is from Shanghai Conservatory of Music.
在台上弹钢琴的那个年轻人来自上海音乐学院。
The question discussed at the meeting yesterday was of great importance.
昨天会议上讨论过的那个问题很重要。
(2)时间关系上不同:动词-ing形式表示正在进行的动作,而过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
On the other hand, I hope to broaden my horizons in this developed country.
另一方面,我希望在这个发达国家拓宽我的视野。
As is known to all, China is a developing country.
众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。
4.过去分词、动词-ing的被动形式与动词不定式的被动形式作定语时的区别
形式 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 正在进行
to be done 被动 尚未发生
The building built last year is our classroom building.
去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built now is our classroom building.
现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
【即时演练2】 用所给词的适当形式填空
① (pollute) air and water are harmful to people’s health.
②The man (walk) around the playground is my father.
③There are still many problems (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1.过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep、 leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。
He passed away, leaving his works unfinished.
他去世了,留下他的著作尚未完成。
You should keep me informed of the result of the exam.
你应该告知我考试结果。
2.过去分词用在使役动词have、 get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get+宾语+过去分词”结构表示“让某事被做”。
He wants to get his eyes examined tomorrow.
他明天想去检查眼睛。
I’d appreciate it if you could suggest a good way to have my written English improved in a short period.
如果您能提出一个在短时间内提高我的书面英语的好方法,我将不胜感激。
(2)在“make+宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词表示结果。
The teacher spoke aloud to make himself heard.
老师为了使自己被听见而大声说话。
3.感官动词see、 hear、 notice、 observe、 watch、 feel、 find等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
When people are having meals or waiting for buses, you can always find them addicted to their phones.
当人们吃饭或者等公交车的时候,你会发现他们痴迷于玩手机。
The next morning, people found the world outside their houses completely changed.
第二天早上,人们发现他们房子外面的世界完全变了样。
4.表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like、 want、 wish、 expect、 order等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
The manager wished the work finished at the end of this week.
经理希望在本周末完成这项工作。
5.过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
With every problem settled, he began to think of making a journey.
每一个问题都解决后,他开始考虑进行一次旅行。
With most of his time wasted in playing computer games, he failed in the exam.
因为大部分时间都浪费在玩电脑游戏上,所以他考试不及格。
【即时演练3】 用所给词的适当形式填空
①I need a new passport, so I will have to have my photograph (take).
②He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them (interest) in his lectures.
③The teacher ordered the composition (turn) in at the end of this week.
④When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself (surround) by some doctors and nurses.
⑤I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes (fix) on the book.
⑥The boss wouldn’t like the topic (discuss) at the meeting.
charge n.收费;指控;主管vt.收费;控告;充电
【教材原句】 Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged.
朱迪和我把车停在特拉法加广场附近的一个地下停车场,在那里我们可以给汽车电池充电。
【用法】
(1)free of charge 免费
in charge (of) 负责,主管
in the charge (of) (由……)负责,主管
take charge of 负责,主管
(2)charge sb for sth 因某事/物向某人收费
charge sb with sth 因某事指控某人
【佳句】 ①If you are interested in Chinese paintings,you can visit the gallery located in the center of the city free of charge.如果你对中国画感兴趣,你可以免费参观位于市中心的画廊。
②As long as you’ve paid in advance we won’t charge you for delivery.
只要你预先付款,我们就不收你送货费。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Finally, I wonder how much you will charge us the six-week course.
②He (charge) with stealing a car last week, which puzzled all of us.
【写美】 一句多译
③她将负责星期六在学校礼堂举行的中国音乐会。
→She will be the Chinese music concert to be held in the school hall on Saturday.
→She will the Chinese music concert to be held in the school hall on Saturday.
→The Chinese music concert to be held in the school hall on Saturday will be her.
announce vt.宣布;通知;声称
【教材原句】 When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.
当我们最终到达服务台要求提供有声导游时,我们听到服务台宣布已经没有有声导游了。
【用法】
(1) announce sth to sb 向某人宣告某事
It’s announced that ... 据宣布……
announce a decision/intention/plan宣布一个决定/意图/计划
formally/officially/publicly announce
正式/公开宣布
(2)announcement n. 宣布;公告
make an announcement 发布公告/通知
(3)announcer n. 播音员;报幕员
【佳句】 When the teacher announced the result to the class, I wasn’t surprised at all but quite excited!当老师向全班宣布结果的时候,我一点都不感到意外,而是很激动!
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When we finally reached the ticket office, we heard it (announce) that all tickets had been sold out.
②I’m glad to hear you are competing for the position of English (announce) on our school radio station.
【写美】 完成句子
③ the coming-of-age ceremony will be held at 9 a.m. next Sunday and will last three hours.
我宣布成人礼将在下周日上午九点举行,并将持续三个小时。
amount n.金额;数量 v.总计,共计;相当于,等于
【教材原句】 We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.
我们感到非常惊讶,国家美术馆入口处有大量游客和噪音。
【用法】
(1)the amount of ... ……的数量
大量的/少量的
(2)amount to 共计,总计;等于,相当于
【佳句】 The amount of junk food teenagers eat goes up year by year, which gradually ruins their health.
青少年吃垃圾食品的数量逐年上涨,这逐渐损害了他们的健康。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①A large amount of money (be) donated by the generous poet to the flood-stricken area last week.
②Large amounts of water (be) used to put the fire out yesterday.
【写美】 完成句子
③Having , I am suitable for the voluntary job.
我拥有大量的教学经验,适合这项志愿者工作。
④Her case has attracted
.她的案件引起了公众的极大同情。
approach n.方法;途径;接近;通道 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近
【教材原句】 It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.
周围有那么多人,很难接近那幅画。
【用法】
(1)(an) approach to 接近,近似;(做某事)的方法(途径)
at the approach of ... 在……快到的时候
(2)approach sb/sth 靠近/接近某人/某物
be approaching 临近,靠近
【佳句】 ①As David approached the finish line, all the runners cheered him on. 当大卫接近终点线时,所有的运动员都为他加油。
②He decided to adopt a new approach to teaching English.
他决定采用一种新的英语教学方法。
【点津】 各种各样的“做事的方法”:
the approach to doing sth
the way to do/of doing sth
the means of doing sth
the method of doing sth
【练透】 单句语法填空/语境辨义
①At the meeting, they discussed three different (approach) to the study of maths.
②All the approaches to the airport were cut off because of the heavy snow.
【写美】 词汇/句式升级
③As the College Entrance Examination is drawing near,some students are getting more and more nervous.
→ , some students are getting more and more nervous.(with复合结构)
④Many kinds of birds fly south at the approach of winter.
→ , many kinds of birds fly south.
(as引导状语从句)
generous adj.慷慨的;大方的;丰富的
【教材原句】 Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family ...
卡尔和他的朋友们住在一个慷慨的家庭里……
【用法】
(1) be generous to sb 对某人慷慨
be generous with sth 在某方面大方
It’s generous of sb to do sth 某人做某事很慷慨
(2)generosity n. 慷慨,大方;宽宏大量
【佳句】 Without your generous support and patient guidance, we wouldn’t have achieved such great success.
没有你的慷慨支持和耐心指导,我们不会取得这么大的成功。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Everybody likes to get along with someone who is generous his time and money.
②I really wanted to see Ms Black and thank her for her (generous).
【写美】 完成句子
③ her toys with the other kids.这个小女孩非常慷慨,她把自己的玩具与其他孩子分享。
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
定语 宾语补足语
即时演练1
①called ②designed ③founded ④invited ⑤interested
即时演练2
①Polluted ②walking ③to be solved
即时演练3
①taken ②interested ③turned ④surrounded ⑤fixed ⑥discussed
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①for ②was charged ③in charge of; take charge of; in the charge of
2.①announced ②announcer
③I announce/make an announcement that
3.①was ②were ③a large amount of/large amounts of teaching experience ④an enormous amount of public sympathy
4.①approaches ②通道
③With the College Entrance Examination approaching
④As winter approaches/is approaching
5.①with ②generosity ③It’s very generous of the little girl to share
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