(共97张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Discovering Useful Structures
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
过去分词作表语和状语
1. Born in the USA on 2 January 1970， Whitacre began studying music
at the University of Nevada in 1988.
2. Moved by this music， he said，“It was like seeing color for the first
time.”
3. The shop has remained shut for a week.
4. All the people present were already seated， waiting for the conference
to start.
【我的发现】
上面句子中，句3、4中的加蓝词为过去分词作 ，句1、2中的
加蓝词为过去分词作 。
表语
状语
一、过去分词作表语
1. 用在系动词（be、 get、 feel、 remain、 seem、 look、 become）
后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态，此时过去分词大多已
变成了形容词。
She felt exhausted and sat by the stream， resting her aching feet.
（读后续写之动作描写）
她感到筋疲力尽，坐在小溪边，让疼痛的双脚得到休息。
Although the little girl was frightened， she answered in a calm voice.
虽然小女孩很害怕，但她还是用平静的声音回答。
We are filled with a sense of excitement， wondering what camping
fun and adventure we will experience next.
我们都兴奋不已，想知道接下来我们将会经历什么样的露营乐趣和
冒险旅程。
2. “get＋过去分词”用于被动结构和系表结构，用于被动结构时，
它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。
He got injured in the accident and was sent to hospital immediately.
他在事故中受了伤，立即被送往医院。
3. 过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示
主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
试比较：
The book is well written.
这本书写得好。
The book was written by a soldier.
这本书是由一位士兵写的。
4. 有些过去分词作表语时，相当于形容词，且大部分已转化为形容
词，常用的这类词有
The scene of the crime was so frightening that all the people present
were frightened.
犯罪现场如此可怕，在场的人都吓坏了。
The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night.
这则消息令人激动，我们激动了整个晚上。
The book is very interesting and I’m very interested in it.
这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。
名师点津
充当形容词的动词-ing形式和过去分词的区别：动词-ing形式一般具有
主动意义，表示“起某种作用”，多用于说明事物本身的性质、特征
及给人的感觉；过去分词一般具有被动意义，表示“受某种影响”，
多用于形容人的感觉。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①He looked when he heard the
news.（disappoint）
②Hearing that her old classmate got （marry）， Penny was
really pleased.
③I’m now truly （fill） with happiness that I am a devoted
friend and helper of the human race.
④While waiting for the opportunity to get （promote），
Henry did his best to perform his duty.
⑤He looked so I repeated the question.
（puzzle）
disappointed
disappointing
married
filled
promoted
puzzled
puzzling
二、过去分词作状语
1. 语法意义
过去分词作状语表示被动或完成，其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与
主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Written in a hurry， this article was not so good.
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
2. 过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、伴随、方式
或结果，相当于一个状语从句。
（1）过去分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句，可在过去
分词前加上连词when、 while、 until等，使其时间意义更
明确。
Looked at from a distance， the painting seems much more
beautiful.
＝When it is looked at from a distance， the painting seems
much more beautiful.
当从远处看时，这幅画似乎更美了。
（2）过去分词作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句或并列句。
Absorbed in painting， John didn’t notice evening
approaching.
＝Because John was absorbed in painting， he didn’t notice
evening approaching.
＝John was absorbed in painting， and/so he didn’t notice
evening approaching.
由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
（3）过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if、 once或unless等引导的
条件状语从句。
Given enough time and proper guidance， the boy is sure to
make progress in study.
＝If he is given enough time and proper guidance， the boy is
sure to make progress in study.
如果给予足够的时间和适当的指导，这个男孩在学习上一定
会取得进步。
（4）过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以though、 although或
while引导的让步状语从句。
Encouraged by his parents， he still had no confidence in
overcoming the difficulties.
＝Though he was encouraged by his parents， he still had no
confidence in overcoming the difficulties.
尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。
（5）过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，
但可用并列分句代替。
The patient got off the bed， supported by the nurse.
＝The patient got off the bed， and he was supported by the
nurse.
那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。
名师点津
值得注意的是，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被
动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词常见的有lost （迷路）、
seated （坐）、 hidden （躲）、 lost/absorbed in （沉溺于）、 dressed
in （穿着）、 tired of （厌烦）等。
Lost in thought， he didn’t hear the bell.
他陷入沉思之中，没有听到铃声。
Dressed in a new dress， she looks very beautiful.
她穿着一件新衣服，看上去很漂亮。
【即时演练2】 单句语法填空
① （frighten） by the noise in the night， the girl didn’t
dare to sleep in her room alone.
② （guide） by the sun， they walked towards their
destination through the woods.
③ （face） with the serious problem， he is at a loss what to
do.
④ （compare） with you， we still have a long way to
go.
⑤ （bury） in his books， he didn’t notice it was raining
outside.
Frightened
Guided
Faced
Compared
Buried
3. 过去分词的独立主格结构作状语
过去分词作状语时，有时在过去分词前加上自己的主语，这种
带有自身主语的过去分词结构被称为过去分词的独立主格结
构。过去分词的独立主格结构在句中作状语时，通常可表示时
间、原因、条件等。
Much time spent sitting at a desk， office workers are generally
troubled by health problems.
办公室工作人员长时间坐在办公桌前，普遍存在健康问题。
His work finished， he went home gladly.
他的工作完成了，高高兴兴地回家了。
【即时演练3】 用独立主格结构作状语改写句子
①After the lecture was given， a lively question-and-answer session
followed.
→ ， a lively question-and-answer session
followed.
②Because extra money was given to the poor， he felt very happy.
→ ， he felt very happy.
The lecture given
Extra money given to the poor
4. 过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语时的区别
过去分词与主句的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；
动词-ing形式与主句的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主
动。无论是动词-ing形式还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的
主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他
表达形式。
If caught， the police will punish the thief.（ × ）
If caught， the thief will be punished by the police.（ √ ）
If the thief is caught， the police will punish him/her.（ √ ）
×
√
√
名师点津
分词作状语记忆口诀：
分词作状语，主语是问题。
前后两动作，共用一主语。
主语找出后，再来判关系。
主动用-ing，被动用-ed。
Used for a long time， the book looks very old.（逻辑上的动宾关系）
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book， I find it very useful.（逻辑上的主谓关系）
在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。
【即时演练4】 单句语法填空
①Everyone was silent， （wait） to see who would be
called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
② （look） at the picture， I couldn’t help missing my
middle school days.
③ （discuss） many times， the problems were settled at
last.
④My heart （beat） fast， I stood before the principal.
⑤ （catch） in the heavy rain on my way home， I had a bad
cold.
waiting
Looking
Discussed
beating
Caught
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
relief n.（焦虑、痛苦的）减轻或消除；（不快过后的）宽慰、轻
松或解脱
【教材原句】 ...he found that creating music was a relief and cure for
his illness.
……他发现创作音乐是一种对自己疾病的缓解和治疗。
【用法】
（1）with/in relief 如释重负；松了口气
to one’s relief 令某人欣慰的是
breathe a sigh of relief 如释重负；松了口气
（2）relieve vt. 救出；解脱；使脱离
relieve sb of ... 解除某人的……
（3）relieved adj. 感到宽慰的，放心的
【佳句】 ①Having finished the task， I lay down and fell asleep in
relief.
完成任务后，我躺下并如释重负地睡着了。
②I breathed a sigh of relief when I heard he was safe. 我听到他平安的
消息时才松了一口气。
【练透】 单句语法填空
① my relief，the new medicine bought from England helped
relieve the pain his injured leg.
②David felt （relief）， hoping his action could make some
differences to the boy.
To
of
relieved
【写美】 一句多译
③听说你安然无恙地回来了，我们都放心了。
→ ， we heard that you came back safe and sound.
→It’s that you came back safe and sound.
To our relief
a relief for us to hear
cure vt.治愈；治好（疾病）；解决（问题） n.药物；治疗；（解
决问题、改善糟糕情况的）措施
【用法】
cure sb of sth 治愈某人的某种疾病；矫正/改正某人的不良行为
a cure for sth 治愈某种疾病的药物、疗法
【佳句】 When I see people suffering and dying of illnesses， I decide
to help the sick and cure them of their diseases.
当我看到人们遭受痛苦、死于疾病时，我决定帮助患者并治愈他们的
疾病。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①To our relief， our researchers have succeeded in finding a cure
the terrible disease.
②The fresh air and exercise cured him his sleeplessness， which
made him feel relieved.
for
of
【写美】 完成句子
③Although this medicine ， it has a side
effect on you.
这种药虽然能治好你的病，但对你有副作用。
can cure you of your illness
absorbed in sth/sb 被……吸引住；专心致志
【教材原句】 When he got absorbed in his world of music， he felt as
if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him， like he had in his
previous life.
当他沉浸在音乐的世界里时，他觉得自己仿佛能“看到”周围世界的
美，就像他以前的生活一样。
【用法】
（1） absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
get/be absorbed in ... 全神贯注于……
（2） absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；承受；理解；
使……全神贯注
absorb one’s attention/interest 吸引某人的注意力/兴趣
absorb oneself in 全神贯注于……
【佳句】 ①It has been proved that this kind of teaching method can
absorb students’ interest.
事实证明，这种教育方法能够吸引学生们的兴趣。
②Simon was so absorbed in his book， he didn’t even notice me come
in.
西蒙全神贯注地看书，甚至没有注意到我进来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①You should practise absorbing （you） in study， which
is the cure for your distraction.
② （absorb） in playing the piano，he didn’t see
somebody knocking on the window.
yourself
Absorbed
【写美】 一句多译
③汤姆如此专心于工作以至于他忘记告知我会议的时间了。
→Tom he forgot to inform me of the
time of the meeting.（so ...that）
→ ， Tom forgot to inform me of the
time of the meeting. （动词-ing短语作状语）
→ ， Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the
meeting.（过去分词短语作状语）
was so absorbed in his work that
Absorbing himself in his work
Absorbed in his work
impact n.巨大影响；强大作用；冲击力
【教材原句】 Well known as a successful band， the Impact members
show quite a few striking qualities.
作为一个成功的乐队，冲击力乐队成员表现出相当多的惊人品质。
【用法】
对……产生影响
【佳句】 When I was young， I didn’t know much about the harmful
impacts of smoking.
在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害我知道的并不多。
【写美】 一句多译
阅读有关传统文化的书籍会对儿童有良好的影响。
→Reading books of traditional culture can
.
→Reading books of traditional culture can
.
have a good effect on/upon
the children
have a good impact/influence
on/upon the children
aim n.目的；目标 vi.& vt.力求达到；力争做到；瞄准 vt.目的是，
旨在
【教材原句】 ...they act as a whole， always aiming for glory.
……他们作为一个整体，总是以荣耀为目标。
【用法】
（1）aim at 瞄准；针对
aim to do sth 力求/旨在做某事
be aimed at 目的是，旨在
（2）with the aim of 目的是，怀着……的目的
（3）aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地，无目标地
【佳句】 There will be a Chinese Folk Music Concert in our school
with the aim of enriching our school lives. （通知）
为了丰富我们的校园生活，我们学校将举办一场中国民俗音乐会。
【写美】 一句多译
我们学校将举办第一届校园武术节，旨在增强我们的体质。
（通知）
→Our school will hold the First Campus Martial Arts Festival，
which .
→Our school will hold the First Campus Martial Arts Festival，
whose .
→Our school will hold the First Campus Martial Arts Festival，
.
aims to build up our bodies
aim is to build up our bodies
aiming
to build up our bodies
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
1. If you get （lose） in a strange place， you’d better not
move and wait for help there.
2. We feel （honour） to have you here in our English
Corner.
3. After the heavy rain， many cars got （catch） in the
mud.
lost
honoured
caught
4. （disappoint） at failing in the maths exam， John
wouldn’t like to talk about it to his parents.
5. （know） that you want to learn about the changes in
Beijing these years， I’m more than willing to tell you.
6. Officially （open） in June 2016， Shanghai Disney
Resort is the sixth Disney theme park in the world.
7. （award） the first prize in the competition， he felt
happy and satisfied.
8. Next， on the way to hotel， they were （shock） to see
an injured man on the road.
Disappointed
Knowing
opened
Awarded
shocked
维度二：句型转换
1. When you are faced with some tough problems， you might turn to
your teachers for help.
→ ， you might turn to your
teachers for help.
2. The composer won’t go to the meeting， even if he is invited.
→The composer won’t go to the meeting， .
Faced with some tough problems
even if invited
3. If he is given another opportunity， he’ll make a first-class tennis
player.
→ ，he’ll make a first-class tennis
player.
4. A flood struck the area and thousands of people were left homeless.
→A flood struck the area，
.
Given another opportunity
leaving thousands of people
homeless
5. My mom is worried about my safety.She always drives me to school.
→ ， my mom always drives me to
school.
Worried about my safety
维度三：语法与写作
1. at the opening ceremony， I felt like a
happy bird flying in the sky.
在开幕式上被授予了一等奖，我感觉就像一只快乐的小鸟在天空中
飞翔。
2. ， I determine to be absorbed in
my study from now on.
受到老师言语的激励，我决定从现在起全神贯注于学习。
Awarded the first prize
Inspired by what my teacher said
3. ， I am writing to
invite you to join our table tennis club.
得知你对乒乓球感兴趣，我写信邀请你加入我们的乒乓球俱乐部。
4. ， I’m writing to apply
to be a volunteer in the games.
由于对世界大学生运动会感兴趣，我写信申请成为一名运动会的志
愿者。
Learning that you are interested in table tennis
Interested in the World University Games
维度四：语法与语篇
1. （observe） on the first day of the first lunar
month， Chinese New Year’s Day， also 2. （call） the
Spring Festival， is well 3. （receive） by all the Chinese
people all over the world.During the Spring Festival， most people have
big meals 4. （cook） by themselves， and chat with family
members while others may take a trip to visit their friends or spend their
long holiday.Besides， people will say “Happy New Year” to express
good wishes for the coming New Year.It is also a children’s festival，
when they are 5. （dress） in their favourite clothes and go to
their relatives’ homes with their parents to get lucky money in red paper.
Observed
called
received
cooked
dressed
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
What are the two things that make humans different from animals？
One is language and the other is music. It’s true that some animals can
sing. However， the songs of animals like birds are very limited. It’s
also true that humans， not animals， have developed musical
instruments.
Music is a strange thing. It’s clearly different from language.
However， people can use music to communicate things — especially
their emotions. When music is combined with speech in a song， it’s a
very powerful form of communication.
If music is truly different from speech， then we should process
music and language in different parts of the brain.The scientific study
suggests this is true. For example， Vissarion Shebalin， a Russian
composer， had a stroke （中风） in 1953. It injured the left side of his
brain. He could no longer speak or understand speech. He could，
however， still compose music until his death ten years later. On the other
hand， sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability， but
they can still speak and understand speech.
Why does music have such a strong effect on us physically and
emotionally？ That’s a harder question to answer. Geoffrey Miller， a
researcher at University College， London， thinks that music and love
have a strong connection. Music requires special talent， practice and
physical ability. That’s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to
be someone’s mate. For example， playing a musical instrument
requires fine muscular control. You also need a good memory to
remember the notes. And playing those notes correctly suggests that your
hearing is in excellent condition. Finally， when a man sings to the
woman he loves， it may be a way of showing off.
However， Miller’s theory still doesn’t explain why certain
combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply. For scientists，
this is clearly an area that needs further research.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言和音乐让人类
区别于动物以及音乐给人们带来影响的原因。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言和音乐让人类
区别于动物以及音乐给人们带来影响的原因。
1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph？（ ）
A. To introduce the main topic.
B. To show the author’s attitude.
C. To analyze causes.
D. To describe a process.
解析： 推理判断题。文章开篇设问：使人类与动物不同的两样
东西是什么？一种是语言，另一种是音乐。然后指出有些动物可以
唱歌，然而，像鸟类这样的动物的歌曲非常有限。作者以人类与动
物在音乐方面的区别，引出下文的音乐。由此可知，第一段的目的
是引出主题。
2. When is music considered especially powerful？（ ）
A. When it is translated into a language.
B. When it is combined with speech.
C. When it is sung by famous musicians.
D. When it is mixed with the cry of an animal.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的When music is combined
with speech in a song， it’s a very powerful form of communication.
可知，当与语言结合时，音乐是一种非常强大的交流方式。
3. What is the example of Vissarion Shebalin used to show？（ ）
A. Vissarion Shebalin is one of the luckiest persons.
B. Vissarion Shebalin is really interested in composing music.
C. The brain processes music and language separately.
D. Music and language are two different things.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，维萨里翁·谢巴林的例子
用于表明大脑分别在不同的部分处理音乐和语言。
4. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about？（ ）
A. Effects of music on humans.
B. A study on how music works.
C. Reasons why music affects us.
D. Ways of using music in daily life.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第四段中的Why does music have such
a strong effect on us physically and emotionally？可知，本段主要介
绍了音乐影响我们的原因。
B
（2024·浙江四校高一下学期联考）Summer music festivals are
coming， which means that thousands of fans are camping nearby， ready
to party. Big trouble arises， however， when it comes to the time for
them to leave. Campers leave tents， sleeping bags， clothes and food
behind after they’re done partying.They just leave all their stuff for
someone else to clean up.
After the Isle of Wight Festival in the UK saw a shocking 10，000
tents left behind in 2011， some environmentally-minded people decided
to take action.Then an activity called Love Your Tent was started.It
wanted to make “getting up and leaving tents behind completely socially
unacceptable”.In 2012， the activity took over a single campground at
the festival and made sure that every person who wanted to camp there
signed an agreement that included promising to take their camping
facilities home. This time， out of 1，500 campers， only 18 tents were
abandoned.
Unfortunately， when Love Your Tent did a survey of students last
year， they found that 60 percent of the students admitted to leaving tents
behind in the past， even though 86 percent recognised that waste has a
bad influence on the environment.36 percent were unsure if their
behaviour would ever change， and 35 percent said their behaviour would
never change.The camping facilities are so cheap — in terms of quality
and price — that nobody sees the sense in packing up a dirty tent and
taking it home for reuse.
While there’s no easy solution to this trash （垃圾） disaster，
it’s clear that music festival organisers need to take responsibility for
what their event creates. They should demand that campers clean up their
trash and provide tent-recycling facilities for those people who insist on
leaving their tents behind. Everyone could at least sign an agreement when
buying tickets， which would increase awareness of the problem. People
can also refuse to attend festivals with bad reputations for waste
management and support those with good policies. Camping， which is
supposed to be a celebration of nature and music， should never become a
trash festival.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。音乐节后，露营者随意丢弃的一次
性帐篷和其他设备导致了严重的环境污染。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。音乐节后，露营者随意丢弃的一次
性帐篷和其他设备导致了严重的环境污染。
5. What is the purpose of the activity Love Your Tent？（ ）
A. To find the lost tents for the owners.
B. To sell high-quality tents to campers.
C. To stop festival-goers from abandoning their tents.
D. To gather the abandoned tents after music festivals.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Love Your Tent旨在制止
人们在音乐节后随意丢弃帐篷。
6. What does the survey in Paragraph 3 show？（ ）
A. People have difficulty forming good new habits.
B. The public’s environmental awareness has improved.
C. Increasing the prices of tents can solve the single-use tent problem.
D. Packing up tents after festivals continues to be a challenging choice.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，在音乐节后带走自己的
帐篷仍然是一个艰难的选择。
7. What does the author suggest doing to reduce waste in music festivals？
（ ）
A. Ranking the camping sites fairly.
B. Strengthening the punishment for camping.
C. Increasing the number of volunteers for music festivals.
D. Improving waste management with proper rules.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，要改变现状就应规范
对音乐节期间垃圾的管理。
8. What can be the best title for the text？（ ）
A. Why Music Festivals Are Environmental Disasters
B. Why People Are Unwilling to Attend Music Festivals
C. Why Festival-goers Choose to Quit Their Bad Behaviour
D. Why Camping Is Becoming a Trend in Music Festivals
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文旨在告诉我们音乐节
给环境带来了很大的负面影响。因此A项（为什么音乐节是环境灾
难）为文章最佳标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·石家庄高一下学期质检）
E-learning
Courses that are taught through the Internet， or online courses，
have become popular in many countries.9.（ ） But most show a
video of a teacher and students in a classroom. Students watch the video
online and take part in online activities. Some courses are free and open to anyone， giving students anywhere the chance to study at any time.
10. （ ） Some schools in Singapore， for example， have tablets and touchscreens instead of books and blackboards in the classrooms. There are also social media platforms to help the students work together on projects， and online “worlds” where the students can interact with each other and the digital environment while completing different tasks.
11. （ ） The teachers are in their home countries and are connected to the Korean classrooms through the Internet. Instead of looking at a screen， the students interact with a robot in the classroom. The robot is controlled by the teacher and can move around the classroom and talk with students. It is unlikely that robot teachers will replace real teachers.12.（ ）
These important examples show us that e-learning can be
successful.Thanks to technology， more and more ways of teaching
and learning are being developed.13.（ ） However， one thing
is for sure — there has never been a more interesting time to be a
student.
A. There’s a golden rule of the Internet.
B. There are different kinds of online courses.
C. Students are more likely to take part in a real class.
D. Other kinds of e-learning are being tested around the world.
E. Nobody knows what the classroom of the future will look like.
F. But like online learning environments， they can be useful tools.
G. In South Korea， some students are taught English by teachers
abroad.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了各种不同的在线学习方
式，作者借此表达对未来在线教学的美好展望。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了各种不同的在线学习方
式，作者借此表达对未来在线教学的美好展望。
9. B 上文指出在线课程在很多国家都受到了欢迎；下文指出大
部分在线课程都是在播放老师和学生在教室的视频。故B项（有
很多种在线课程）承上启下，符合语境。
10. D 下文指出新加坡的一些学校就在教室里配有平板电脑和触
摸屏来代替书和黑板。故D项（世界各地也在进行其他种类的在
线课程）引出下文，符合语境。
11. G 下文指出老师们在自己的国家通过互联网连接韩国的
教室。故G项（在韩国，一些学生跟着国外的老师学英语）引
出下文，符合语境，且G项中的South Korea与下文中的Korean
相呼应。
12. F 上文指出老师可以控制机器人和学生互动，尽管如此，这
些机器人也不可能替代真正的老师。故F项（但是，像在线学习环
境一样，这些设备可以成为有用的工具）承接上文，符合语境。
13. E 上文指出科技的进步推动了教学的发展；下文指出然而有
一件事是确定的——没有比当一名学生更有趣的时刻了。故E项
（没有人知道未来的教室会是什么样子）承上启下，符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
My name is Miranda Gibson.I have been at the top of a tree for five
months now.Some people might wonder 14 on earth I would choose
to do that.
I have walked through this forest many times.On 12 December
2011， 15 rolled into the forest and the destruction began.I
couldn’t 16 the thought that these forests would be 17
forever.So， on 14 December 2011， I packed up my life， 18 of
my job plans， and climbed 60 meters to the top of this tree.I have been
here ever since.
Life in the tree tops can be 19 at times.I have times when I feel
frustrated and wish I could 20 ， to anywhere， just have a 21 of
scenery for a minute！There are times， too， when I feel
terribly 22 .I miss my friends and family. 23 these times， I find
myself loving the 24 .
Living on the tree has been inspiring.I am willing to 25 up here
for as long as it takes， 26 I honestly hope it won’t be too 27
before I can put my feet on the ground below and stand in a forest that will
never be 28 .
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者为了保护森林，到
现在为止，她已经在树上待了五个月了。她给人们解释了自己选择
那样做的原因。
14. A. why B. when C. how D. where
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者为了保护森林，到
现在为止，她已经在树上待了五个月了。她给人们解释了自己选择
那样做的原因。
解析： 根据上文I have been at the top of a tree for five months
now.可知，有些人想知道作者为什么会待在树上。
15. A. water B. animals
C. machinery D. tourists
解析： 根据下文and the destruction began并结合选项可知，机
器开进来，破坏开始了。
16. A. bear B. help C. keep D. spare
解析： 根据下文So， on 14 December 2011， I packed up ...
climbed 60 meters to the top of this tree.可知，作者一想到这些森林
将永远消失，就受不了，所以她决定住在树上。
17. A. sold B. stolen
C. protected D. lost
解析： 根据上文On 12 December 2011 ... and the destruction
began.可知，森林遭到摧毁，将永远消失。
18. A. grew out B. fell short
C. ran out D. let go
解析： 根据下文I have been here ever since.可知，作者放弃了
她的工作计划。
19. A. refreshing B. risky
C. challenging D. rewarding
解析： 根据下文内容可知，在树顶上生活是一件具有挑战性
的事情。
20. A. get up B. get away
C. give in D. give up
解析： 根据上文I have times when I feel frustrated及空后to
anywhere可知，作者希望自己能离开这里，换个环境。
21. A. change B. look
C. search D. touch
解析： 参见上题解析。
22. A. confused B. nervous
C. sorry D. lonely
解析： 根据下文I miss my friends and family.可知，有时作者
也会感到非常孤独，她想念她的朋友和家人。
23. A. Beyond B. Without
C. Despite D. Unlike
解析： 根据语境可知，前后句存在让步关系。
24. A. height B. experience
C. background D. position
解析： 根据下文Living on the tree has been inspiring.可知，作
者喜欢住在树顶上的经历。
25. A. return B. stop C. stay D. hide
解析： 根据上文可知，作者认为自己愿意在这里待多久就待
多久。
26. A. but B. though C. because D. so
解析： 根据语境可知，设空处前后句存在转折关系，应使用
转折连词。
27. A. soon B. long C. near D. bad
解析： 根据语境及选项可知，作者住在树上是为了保护这片
森林，所以作者希望自己快点下来，站在地上，站在一片永远不
会被砍伐的森林里。
28. A. moved B. logged
C. burned D. missed
解析： 根据语境及选项可知，此处指被砍伐。
Ⅳ.语法填空
（2024·合肥高一下学期期末）WeChat has a voice message
function 29. allows you to press a button and record your
message. Many people think this is just another way of sending messages.
However， sending a voice message on WeChat 30. （consider）
annoying in the Chinese professional world.
Why is that？
Many professionals in China use WeChat， not email，
31. the primary medium for workplace communication. A
voice message usually annoys people.
If you’re in a 32. （noise） place， you have to
strain your ears or find a quiet place 33. （hear） it. If
you’re in a library， you have to dig up your headphones. If you’re in
a meeting， you have to wait until the meeting is over. Fully taking in the
message 34. （require） careful listening.
Worse， the message content doesn’t live anywhere in text form so
nothing mentioned will be searchable in the future. Audio
35. （message） cannot also be forwarded.
Moreover， WeChat does not support pausing in the middle of
playing a voice message. And 36. you miss one important
word， you must replay the whole message from the very beginning.
37. （receive） voice messages also takes up more data，
which could incur （产生） costs if the receiver doesn’t have Wi-Fi.
Sending someone a voice message — instead of typing it out — tells
them：“I’m 38. （obvious） busier and more important
than you.” The sender saves time — at the receiver’s expense.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。微信的语音信息功能在中国职场受
到人们的普遍反感，这是为什么呢？
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。微信的语音信息功能在中国职场受
到人们的普遍反感，这是为什么呢？
29. that/which 考查定语从句。WeChat has a voice message function
已经是一个完整的句子，后面的部分显然是一个定语从句，修饰前面
的先行词function。
30. is considered 考查动词的时态和语态。本句主语为动词-ing短语
sending a voice message on WeChat，这一现象显然是被人们看作是讨
厌、烦人的，应用一般现在时的被动语态。
31. as 考查介词。use ...as ...将……用作……
32. noisy 考查形容词。由于本空后是一个名词，前面应用一个形容
词来修饰，故填noisy。
33. to hear 考查非谓语动词。人们寻找一个安静地方的目的是去听
语音信息。故填to hear。
34. requires 考查动词的时态。本句表示我们需要仔细聆听才能明白
语音信息的内容。由于陈述了一个客观事实，因此用一般现在时。
35. messages 考查名词复数。这里泛指语音信息，应用message的复
数形式。
36. if 考查状语从句。本空后的从句表示一种假设，因此应用if引导
一个条件状语从句。
37. Receiving 考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为takes up，前面部分显然
是主语，因此应用动词-ing形式。
38. obviously 考查副词。这里的busier是形容词，因此前面应用一个
副词来修饰，故填obviously。
谢谢观看！Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
维度一：基础题型练
1.If you get （lose） in a strange place， you’d better not move and wait for help there.
2.We feel （honour） to have you here in our English Corner.
3.After the heavy rain， many cars got （catch） in the mud.
4. （disappoint） at failing in the maths exam， John wouldn’t like to talk about it to his parents.
5. （know） that you want to learn about the changes in Beijing these years， I’m more than willing to tell you.
6.Officially （open） in June 2016， Shanghai Disney Resort is the sixth Disney theme park in the world.
7. （award） the first prize in the competition， he felt happy and satisfied.
8.Next， on the way to hotel， they were （shock） to see an injured man on the road.
维度二：句型转换
1.When you are faced with some tough problems， you might turn to your teachers for help.
→ ， you might turn to your teachers for help.
2.The composer won’t go to the meeting， even if he is invited.
→The composer won’t go to the meeting， .
3.If he is given another opportunity， he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
→ ，he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
4.A flood struck the area and thousands of people were left homeless.
→A flood struck the area， .
5.My mom is worried about my safety.She always drives me to school.
→ ， my mom always drives me to school.
维度三：语法与写作
1. at the opening ceremony， I felt like a happy bird flying in the sky.
在开幕式上被授予了一等奖，我感觉就像一只快乐的小鸟在天空中飞翔。
2. ， I determine to be absorbed in my study from now on.
受到老师言语的激励，我决定从现在起全神贯注于学习。
3. ， I am writing to invite you to join our table tennis club.
得知你对乒乓球感兴趣，我写信邀请你加入我们的乒乓球俱乐部。
4. ， I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer in the games.
由于对世界大学生运动会感兴趣，我写信申请成为一名运动会的志愿者。
维度四：语法与语篇
1. （observe） on the first day of the first lunar month， Chinese New Year’s Day， also 2. （call） the Spring Festival， is well 3. （receive） by all the Chinese people all over the world.During the Spring Festival， most people have big meals 4. （cook） by themselves， and chat with family members while others may take a trip to visit their friends or spend their long holiday.Besides， people will say “Happy New Year” to express good wishes for the coming New Year.It is also a children’s festival， when they are 5. （dress） in their favourite clothes and go to their relatives’ homes with their parents to get lucky money in red paper.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
What are the two things that make humans different from animals？ One is language and the other is music. It’s true that some animals can sing. However， the songs of animals like birds are very limited. It’s also true that humans， not animals， have developed musical instruments.
Music is a strange thing. It’s clearly different from language. However， people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions. When music is combined with speech in a song， it’s a very powerful form of communication.
If music is truly different from speech， then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain.The scientific study suggests this is true. For example， Vissarion Shebalin， a Russian composer， had a stroke （中风） in 1953. It injured the left side of his brain. He could no longer speak or understand speech. He could， however， still compose music until his death ten years later. On the other hand， sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability， but they can still speak and understand speech.
Why does music have such a strong effect on us physically and emotionally？ That’s a harder question to answer. Geoffrey Miller， a researcher at University College， London， thinks that music and love have a strong connection. Music requires special talent， practice and physical ability. That’s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone’s mate. For example， playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control. You also need a good memory to remember the notes. And playing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition. Finally， when a man sings to the woman he loves， it may be a way of showing off.
However， Miller’s theory still doesn’t explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply. For scientists， this is clearly an area that needs further research.
1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph？（ ）
A.To introduce the main topic. B.To show the author’s attitude.
C.To analyze causes. D.To describe a process.
2.When is music considered especially powerful？（ ）
A.When it is translated into a language. B.When it is combined with speech.
C.When it is sung by famous musicians. D.When it is mixed with the cry of an animal.
3.What is the example of Vissarion Shebalin used to show？（ ）
A.Vissarion Shebalin is one of the luckiest persons.
B.Vissarion Shebalin is really interested in composing music.
C.The brain processes music and language separately.
D.Music and language are two different things.
4.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about？（ ）
A.Effects of music on humans. B.A study on how music works.
C.Reasons why music affects us. D.Ways of using music in daily life.
B
（2024·浙江四校高一下学期联考）Summer music festivals are coming， which means that thousands of fans are camping nearby， ready to party. Big trouble arises， however， when it comes to the time for them to leave. Campers leave tents， sleeping bags， clothes and food behind after they’re done partying.They just leave all their stuff for someone else to clean up.
After the Isle of Wight Festival in the UK saw a shocking 10，000 tents left behind in 2011， some environmentally-minded people decided to take action.Then an activity called Love Your Tent was started.It wanted to make “getting up and leaving tents behind completely socially unacceptable”.In 2012， the activity took over a single campground at the festival and made sure that every person who wanted to camp there signed an agreement that included promising to take their camping facilities home. This time， out of 1，500 campers， only 18 tents were abandoned.
Unfortunately， when Love Your Tent did a survey of students last year， they found that 60 percent of the students admitted to leaving tents behind in the past， even though 86 percent recognised that waste has a bad influence on the environment.36 percent were unsure if their behaviour would ever change， and 35 percent said their behaviour would never change.The camping facilities are so cheap — in terms of quality and price — that nobody sees the sense in packing up a dirty tent and taking it home for reuse.
While there’s no easy solution to this trash （垃圾） disaster， it’s clear that music festival organisers need to take responsibility for what their event creates. They should demand that campers clean up their trash and provide tent-recycling facilities for those people who insist on leaving their tents behind. Everyone could at least sign an agreement when buying tickets， which would increase awareness of the problem. People can also refuse to attend festivals with bad reputations for waste management and support those with good policies. Camping， which is supposed to be a celebration of nature and music， should never become a trash festival.
5.What is the purpose of the activity Love Your Tent？（ ）
A.To find the lost tents for the owners.
B.To sell high-quality tents to campers.
C.To stop festival-goers from abandoning their tents.
D.To gather the abandoned tents after music festivals.
6.What does the survey in Paragraph 3 show？（ ）
A.People have difficulty forming good new habits.
B.The public’s environmental awareness has improved.
C.Increasing the prices of tents can solve the single-use tent problem.
D.Packing up tents after festivals continues to be a challenging choice.
7.What does the author suggest doing to reduce waste in music festivals？（ ）
A.Ranking the camping sites fairly.
B.Strengthening the punishment for camping.
C.Increasing the number of volunteers for music festivals.
D.Improving waste management with proper rules.
8.What can be the best title for the text？（ ）
A.Why Music Festivals Are Environmental Disasters
B.Why People Are Unwilling to Attend Music Festivals
C.Why Festival-goers Choose to Quit Their Bad Behaviour
D.Why Camping Is Becoming a Trend in Music Festivals
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·石家庄高一下学期质检）
E-learning
Courses that are taught through the Internet， or online courses， have become popular in many countries.9.（ ） But most show a video of a teacher and students in a classroom. Students watch the video online and take part in online activities. Some courses are free and open to anyone， giving students anywhere the chance to study at any time.
10.（ ） Some schools in Singapore， for example， have tablets and touchscreens instead of books and blackboards in the classrooms. There are also social media platforms to help the students work together on projects， and online “worlds” where the students can interact with each other and the digital environment while completing different tasks.
11.（ ） The teachers are in their home countries and are connected to the Korean classrooms through the Internet. Instead of looking at a screen， the students interact with a robot in the classroom. The robot is controlled by the teacher and can move around the classroom and talk with students. It is unlikely that robot teachers will replace real teachers.12.（ ）
These important examples show us that e-learning can be successful.Thanks to technology， more and more ways of teaching and learning are being developed.13.（ ） However， one thing is for sure — there has never been a more interesting time to be a student.
A.There’s a golden rule of the Internet.
B.There are different kinds of online courses.
C.Students are more likely to take part in a real class.
D.Other kinds of e-learning are being tested around the world.
E.Nobody knows what the classroom of the future will look like.
F.But like online learning environments， they can be useful tools.
G.In South Korea， some students are taught English by teachers abroad.
Ⅲ.完形填空
My name is Miranda Gibson.I have been at the top of a tree for five months now.Some people might wonder 14 on earth I would choose to do that.
I have walked through this forest many times.On 12 December 2011， 15 rolled into the forest and the destruction began.I couldn’t 16 the thought that these forests would be 17 forever.So， on 14 December 2011， I packed up my life， 18 of my job plans， and climbed 60 meters to the top of this tree.I have been here ever since.
Life in the tree tops can be 19 at times.I have times when I feel frustrated and wish I could 20 ， to anywhere， just have a 21 of scenery for a minute！There are times， too， when I feel terribly 22 .I miss my friends and family. 23 these times， I find myself loving the 24 .
Living on the tree has been inspiring.I am willing to 25 up here for as long as it takes， 26 I honestly hope it won’t be too 27 before I can put my feet on the ground below and stand in a forest that will never be 28 .
14.（ ）A.why B.when
C.how D.where
15.（ ）A.water B.animals
C.machinery D.tourists
16.（ ）A.bear B.help
C.keep D.spare
17.（ ）A.sold B.stolen
C.protected D.lost
18.（ ）A.grew out B.fell short
C.ran out D.let go
19.（ ）A.refreshing B.risky
C.challenging D.rewarding
20.（ ）A.get up B.get away
C.give in D.give up
21.（ ）A.change B.look
C.search D.touch
22.（ ）A.confused B.nervous
C.sorry D.lonely
23.（ ）A.Beyond B.Without
C.Despite D.Unlike
24.（ ）A.height B.experience
C.background D.position
25.（ ）A.return B.stop
C.stay D.hide
26.（ ）A.but B.though
C.because D.so
27.（ ）A.soon B.long
C.near D.bad
28.（ ）A.moved B.logged
C.burned D.missed
Ⅳ.语法填空
（2024·合肥高一下学期期末）WeChat has a voice message function 29. allows you to press a button and record your message. Many people think this is just another way of sending messages. However， sending a voice message on WeChat 30. （consider） annoying in the Chinese professional world.
Why is that？
Many professionals in China use WeChat， not email， 31. the primary medium for workplace communication. A voice message usually annoys people.
If you’re in a 32. （noise） place， you have to strain your ears or find a quiet place 33. （hear） it. If you’re in a library， you have to dig up your headphones. If you’re in a meeting， you have to wait until the meeting is over. Fully taking in the message 34. （require） careful listening.
Worse， the message content doesn’t live anywhere in text form so nothing mentioned will be searchable in the future. Audio 35. （message） cannot also be forwarded.
Moreover， WeChat does not support pausing in the middle of playing a voice message. And 36. you miss one important word， you must replay the whole message from the very beginning. 37. （receive） voice messages also takes up more data， which could incur （产生） costs if the receiver doesn’t have Wi-Fi.
Sending someone a voice message — instead of typing it out — tells them：“I’m 38. （obvious） busier and more important than you.” The sender saves time — at the receiver’s expense.
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
基础知识自测
维度一
1.lost 2.honoured 3.caught 4.Disappointed
5.Knowing 6.opened 7.Awarded 8.shocked
维度二
1.Faced with some tough problems
2.even if invited 3.Given another opportunity
4.leaving thousands of people homeless
5.Worried about my safety
维度三
1.Awarded the first prize
2.Inspired by what my teacher said
3.Learning that you are interested in table tennis
4.Interested in the World University Games
维度四
1.Observed 2.called 3.received 4.cooked 5.dressed
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言和音乐让人类区别于动物以及音乐给人们带来影响的原因。
1.A 推理判断题。文章开篇设问：使人类与动物不同的两样东西是什么？一种是语言，另一种是音乐。然后指出有些动物可以唱歌，然而，像鸟类这样的动物的歌曲非常有限。作者以人类与动物在音乐方面的区别，引出下文的音乐。由此可知，第一段的目的是引出主题。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的When music is combined with speech in a song， it’s a very powerful form of communication.可知，当与语言结合时，音乐是一种非常强大的交流方式。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，维萨里翁·谢巴林的例子用于表明大脑分别在不同的部分处理音乐和语言。
4.C 段落大意题。根据第四段中的Why does music have such a strong effect on us physically and emotionally？可知，本段主要介绍了音乐影响我们的原因。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。音乐节后，露营者随意丢弃的一次性帐篷和其他设备导致了严重的环境污染。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Love Your Tent旨在制止人们在音乐节后随意丢弃帐篷。
6.D 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，在音乐节后带走自己的帐篷仍然是一个艰难的选择。
7.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，要改变现状就应规范对音乐节期间垃圾的管理。
8.A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文旨在告诉我们音乐节给环境带来了很大的负面影响。因此A项（为什么音乐节是环境灾难）为文章最佳标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了各种不同的在线学习方式，作者借此表达对未来在线教学的美好展望。
9.B 上文指出在线课程在很多国家都受到了欢迎；下文指出大部分在线课程都是在播放老师和学生在教室的视频。故B项（有很多种在线课程）承上启下，符合语境。
10.D 下文指出新加坡的一些学校就在教室里配有平板电脑和触摸屏来代替书和黑板。故D项（世界各地也在进行其他种类的在线课程）引出下文，符合语境。
11.G 下文指出老师们在自己的国家通过互联网连接韩国的教室。故G项（在韩国，一些学生跟着国外的老师学英语）引出下文，符合语境，且G项中的South Korea与下文中的Korean相呼应。
12.F 上文指出老师可以控制机器人和学生互动，尽管如此，这些机器人也不可能替代真正的老师。故F项（但是，像在线学习环境一样，这些设备可以成为有用的工具）承接上文，符合语境。
13.E 上文指出科技的进步推动了教学的发展；下文指出然而有一件事是确定的——没有比当一名学生更有趣的时刻了。故E项（没有人知道未来的教室会是什么样子）承上启下，符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者为了保护森林，到现在为止，她已经在树上待了五个月了。她给人们解释了自己选择那样做的原因。
14.A 根据上文I have been at the top of a tree for five months now.可知，有些人想知道作者为什么会待在树上。
15.C 根据下文and the destruction began并结合选项可知，机器开进来，破坏开始了。
16.A 根据下文So， on 14 December 2011， I packed up ... climbed 60 meters to the top of this tree.可知，作者一想到这些森林将永远消失，就受不了，所以她决定住在树上。
17.D 根据上文On 12 December 2011 ... and the destruction began.可知，森林遭到摧毁，将永远消失。
18.D 根据下文I have been here ever since.可知，作者放弃了她的工作计划。
19.C 根据下文内容可知，在树顶上生活是一件具有挑战性的事情。
20.B 根据上文I have times when I feel frustrated及空后to anywhere可知，作者希望自己能离开这里，换个环境。
21.A 参见上题解析。
22.D 根据下文I miss my friends and family.可知，有时作者也会感到非常孤独，她想念她的朋友和家人。
23.C 根据语境可知，前后句存在让步关系。
24.B 根据下文Living on the tree has been inspiring.可知，作者喜欢住在树顶上的经历。
25.C 根据上文可知，作者认为自己愿意在这里待多久就待多久。
26.A 根据语境可知，设空处前后句存在转折关系，应使用转折连词。
27.B 根据语境及选项可知，作者住在树上是为了保护这片森林，所以作者希望自己快点下来，站在地上，站在一片永远不会被砍伐的森林里。
28.B 根据语境及选项可知，此处指被砍伐。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。微信的语音信息功能在中国职场受到人们的普遍反感，这是为什么呢？
29.that/which 考查定语从句。WeChat has a voice message function 已经是一个完整的句子，后面的部分显然是一个定语从句，修饰前面的先行词function。
30.is considered 考查动词的时态和语态。本句主语为动词-ing短语sending a voice message on WeChat，这一现象显然是被人们看作是讨厌、烦人的，应用一般现在时的被动语态。
31.as 考查介词。use ...as ...将……用作……
32.noisy 考查形容词。由于本空后是一个名词，前面应用一个形容词来修饰，故填noisy。
33.to hear 考查非谓语动词。人们寻找一个安静地方的目的是去听语音信息。故填to hear。
34.requires 考查动词的时态。本句表示我们需要仔细聆听才能明白语音信息的内容。由于陈述了一个客观事实，因此用一般现在时。
35.messages 考查名词复数。这里泛指语音信息，应用message的复数形式。
36.if 考查状语从句。本空后的从句表示一种假设，因此应用if引导一个条件状语从句。
37.Receiving 考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为takes up，前面部分显然是主语，因此应用动词-ing形式。
38.obviously 考查副词。这里的busier是形容词，因此前面应用一个副词来修饰，故填obviously。
6 / 6Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
过去分词作表语和状语
1.Born in the USA on 2 January 1970， Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.
2.Moved by this music， he said，“It was like seeing color for the first time.”
3.The shop has remained shut for a week.
4.All the people present were already seated， waiting for the conference to start.
【我的发现】
上面句子中，句3、4中的加黑词为过去分词作 ，句1、2中的加黑词为过去分词作 。
一、过去分词作表语
1.用在系动词（be、 get、 feel、 remain、 seem、 look、 become） 后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态，此时过去分词大多已变成了形容词。
She felt exhausted and sat by the stream， resting her aching feet. （读后续写之动作描写）
她感到筋疲力尽，坐在小溪边，让疼痛的双脚得到休息。
Although the little girl was frightened， she answered in a calm voice.
虽然小女孩很害怕，但她还是用平静的声音回答。
We are filled with a sense of excitement， wondering what camping fun and adventure we will experience next.
我们都兴奋不已，想知道接下来我们将会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险旅程。
2.“get＋过去分词”用于被动结构和系表结构，用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。
He got injured in the accident and was sent to hospital immediately.
他在事故中受了伤，立即被送往医院。
3.过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
试比较：
The book is well written.
这本书写得好。
The book was written by a soldier.
这本书是由一位士兵写的。
4.有些过去分词作表语时，相当于形容词，且大部分已转化为形容词，常用的这类词有
The scene of the crime was so frightening that all the people present were frightened.
犯罪现场如此可怕，在场的人都吓坏了。
The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night.
这则消息令人激动，我们激动了整个晚上。
The book is very interesting and I’m very interested in it.
这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。
名师点津
充当形容词的动词-ing形式和过去分词的区别：动词-ing形式一般具有主动意义，表示“起某种作用”，多用于说明事物本身的性质、特征及给人的感觉；过去分词一般具有被动意义，表示“受某种影响”，多用于形容人的感觉。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①He looked when he heard the news.（disappoint）
②Hearing that her old classmate got （marry）， Penny was really pleased.
③I’m now truly （fill） with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race.
④While waiting for the opportunity to get （promote）， Henry did his best to perform his duty.
⑤He looked so I repeated the question.（puzzle）
二、过去分词作状语
1.语法意义
过去分词作状语表示被动或完成，其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Written in a hurry， this article was not so good.
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
2.过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、伴随、方式或结果，相当于一个状语从句。
（1）过去分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句，可在过去分词前加上连词when、 while、 until等，使其时间意义更明确。
Looked at from a distance， the painting seems much more beautiful.
＝When it is looked at from a distance， the painting seems much more beautiful.
当从远处看时，这幅画似乎更美了。
（2）过去分词作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句或并列句。
Absorbed in painting， John didn’t notice evening approaching.
＝Because John was absorbed in painting， he didn’t notice evening approaching.
＝John was absorbed in painting， and/so he didn’t notice evening approaching.
由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
（3）过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if、 once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Given enough time and proper guidance， the boy is sure to make progress in study.
＝If he is given enough time and proper guidance， the boy is sure to make progress in study.
如果给予足够的时间和适当的指导，这个男孩在学习上一定会取得进步。
（4）过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以though、 although或while引导的让步状语从句。
Encouraged by his parents， he still had no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.
＝Though he was encouraged by his parents， he still had no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.
尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。
（5）过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。
The patient got off the bed， supported by the nurse.
＝The patient got off the bed， and he was supported by the nurse.
那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。
名师点津
值得注意的是，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词常见的有lost （迷路）、 seated （坐）、 hidden （躲）、 lost/absorbed in （沉溺于）、 dressed in （穿着）、 tired of （厌烦）等。
Lost in thought， he didn’t hear the bell.
他陷入沉思之中，没有听到铃声。
Dressed in a new dress， she looks very beautiful.
她穿着一件新衣服，看上去很漂亮。
【即时演练2】 单句语法填空
① （frighten） by the noise in the night， the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room alone.
② （guide） by the sun， they walked towards their destination through the woods.
③ （face） with the serious problem， he is at a loss what to do.
④ （compare） with you， we still have a long way to go.
⑤ （bury） in his books， he didn’t notice it was raining outside.
3.过去分词的独立主格结构作状语
过去分词作状语时，有时在过去分词前加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词结构被称为过去分词的独立主格结构。过去分词的独立主格结构在句中作状语时，通常可表示时间、原因、条件等。
Much time spent sitting at a desk， office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
办公室工作人员长时间坐在办公桌前，普遍存在健康问题。
His work finished， he went home gladly.
他的工作完成了，高高兴兴地回家了。
【即时演练3】 用独立主格结构作状语改写句子
①After the lecture was given， a lively question-and-answer session followed.
→ ， a lively question-and-answer session followed.
②Because extra money was given to the poor， he felt very happy.
→ ， he felt very happy.
4.过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语时的区别
过去分词与主句的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；动词-ing形式与主句的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。无论是动词-ing形式还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。
If caught， the police will punish the thief.（×）
If caught， the thief will be punished by the police.（√）
If the thief is caught， the police will punish him/her.（√）
名师点津
分词作状语记忆口诀：
分词作状语，主语是问题。
前后两动作，共用一主语。
主语找出后，再来判关系。
主动用-ing，被动用-ed。
Used for a long time， the book looks very old.（逻辑上的动宾关系）
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book， I find it very useful.（逻辑上的主谓关系）
在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。
【即时演练4】 单句语法填空
①Everyone was silent， （wait） to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
② （look） at the picture， I couldn’t help missing my middle school days.
③ （discuss） many times， the problems were settled at last.
④My heart （beat） fast， I stood before the principal.
⑤ （catch） in the heavy rain on my way home， I had a bad cold.
relief n.（焦虑、痛苦的）减轻或消除；（不快过后的）宽慰、轻松或解脱
【教材原句】 ...he found that creating music was a relief and cure for his illness.
……他发现创作音乐是一种对自己疾病的缓解和治疗。
【用法】
（1）with/in relief 如释重负；松了口气
to one’s relief 令某人欣慰的是
breathe a sigh of relief 如释重负；松了口气
（2）relieve vt. 救出；解脱；使脱离
relieve sb of ... 解除某人的……
（3）relieved adj. 感到宽慰的，放心的
【佳句】 ①Having finished the task， I lay down and fell asleep in relief.
完成任务后，我躺下并如释重负地睡着了。
②I breathed a sigh of relief when I heard he was safe.
我听到他平安的消息时才松了一口气。
【练透】 单句语法填空
① my relief，the new medicine bought from England helped relieve the pain his injured leg.
②David felt （relief）， hoping his action could make some differences to the boy.
【写美】 一句多译
③听说你安然无恙地回来了，我们都放心了。
→ ， we heard that you came back safe and sound.
→It’s that you came back safe and sound.
cure vt.治愈；治好（疾病）；解决（问题） n.药物；治疗；（解决问题、改善糟糕情况的）措施
【用法】
cure sb of sth 治愈某人的某种疾病；矫正/改正某人的不良行为
a cure for sth 治愈某种疾病的药物、疗法
【佳句】 When I see people suffering and dying of illnesses， I decide to help the sick and cure them of their diseases.
当我看到人们遭受痛苦、死于疾病时，我决定帮助患者并治愈他们的疾病。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①To our relief， our researchers have succeeded in finding a cure the terrible disease.
②The fresh air and exercise cured him his sleeplessness， which made him feel relieved.
【写美】 完成句子
③Although this medicine ， it has a side effect on you.
这种药虽然能治好你的病，但对你有副作用。
absorbed in sth/sb 被……吸引住；专心致志
【教材原句】 When he got absorbed in his world of music， he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him， like he had in his previous life.
当他沉浸在音乐的世界里时，他觉得自己仿佛能“看到”周围世界的美，就像他以前的生活一样。
【用法】
（1） absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
get/be absorbed in ... 全神贯注于……
（2） absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；承受；理解；使……全神贯注
absorb one’s attention/interest
吸引某人的注意力/兴趣
absorb oneself in 全神贯注于……
【佳句】 ①It has been proved that this kind of teaching method can absorb students’ interest.
事实证明，这种教育方法能够吸引学生们的兴趣。
②Simon was so absorbed in his book， he didn’t even notice me come in.
西蒙全神贯注地看书，甚至没有注意到我进来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①You should practise absorbing （you） in study， which is the cure for your distraction.
② （absorb） in playing the piano，he didn’t see somebody knocking on the window.
【写美】 一句多译
③汤姆如此专心于工作以至于他忘记告知我会议的时间了。
→Tom he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.（so ...that）
→ ， Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting. （动词-ing短语作状语）
→ ， Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.
（过去分词短语作状语）
impact n.巨大影响；强大作用；冲击力
【教材原句】 Well known as a successful band， the Impact members show quite a few striking qualities.
作为一个成功的乐队，冲击力乐队成员表现出相当多的惊人品质。
【用法】
对……产生影响
【佳句】 When I was young， I didn’t know much about the harmful impacts of smoking.
在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害我知道的并不多。
【写美】 一句多译
阅读有关传统文化的书籍会对儿童有良好的影响。
→Reading books of traditional culture can
.
→Reading books of traditional culture can
.
aim n.目的；目标 vi.& vt.力求达到；力争做到；瞄准 vt.目的是，旨在
【教材原句】 ...they act as a whole， always aiming for glory.
……他们作为一个整体，总是以荣耀为目标。
【用法】
（1）aim at 瞄准；针对
aim to do sth 力求/旨在做某事
be aimed at 目的是，旨在
（2）with the aim of 目的是，怀着……的目的
（3）aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地，无目标地
【佳句】 There will be a Chinese Folk Music Concert in our school with the aim of enriching our school lives. （通知）
为了丰富我们的校园生活，我们学校将举办一场中国民俗音乐会。
【写美】 一句多译
我们学校将举办第一届校园武术节，旨在增强我们的体质。 （通知）
→Our school will hold the First Campus Martial Arts Festival， which .
→Our school will hold the First Campus Martial Arts Festival， whose .
→Our school will hold the First Campus Martial Arts Festival， .
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
表语 状语
即时演练1
①disappointed； disappointing ②married ③filled
④promoted ⑤puzzled； puzzling
即时演练2
①Frightened ②Guided ③Faced ④Compared ⑤Buried
即时演练3
①The lecture given ②Extra money given to the poor
即时演练4
①waiting ②Looking ③Discussed ④beating ⑤Caught
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①To； of ②relieved ③To our relief； a relief for us to hear
2.①for ②of ③can cure you of your illness
3.①yourself ②Absorbed ③was so absorbed in his work that； Absorbing himself in his work； Absorbed in his work
4.have a good effect on/upon the children； have a good impact/influence on/upon the children
5.aims to build up our bodies； aim is to build up our bodies； aiming to build up our bodies
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