2025年八年级上册预习篇 第9天Unit 3
/ 让学习更有效 暑假打卡计划 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
重点短语
on purpose 故意地，有意地
by accident 偶然地，意外地
encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
in history 历史上
have a curiosity about 对…… 有好奇心
lightning rod 避雷针
fly a kite 放风筝
protect…from… 保护…… 免受…… 的侵害
be curious about 对…… 好奇
lose one’s life 失去某人的生命
take risks 冒险
earthquake detector 地动仪
after all 毕竟
do research 做研究
shake hands with sb 和某人握手
blow sb away 使某人大为惊讶
be able to do sth 能够做某事
out of 由…… 制成，用…… 做成
make money 挣钱
for free 免费
allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
be made from 由…… 制成
have a hard time doing sth 做某事有困难
apply…to… 把…… 应用到……
in one’s way 挡住某人的路
warn sb about sth 提醒某人某事
二、重点句型
His curiosity led him to invent the lightning rod.
他的好奇致使他发明了避雷针。
He was so curious about space that he invented a “flying chair”!
他对太空非常好奇，甚至发明了一个 “飞椅”！
Despite the failure, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas.
尽管失败了，但他的好奇心为后来的探索者提供了灵感。
But curiosity is more than just taking risks.
但是好奇不仅仅就是冒险。
It also drives people towards certain goals.
它也驱使人们朝着某些目标前进。
He spent years studying the sky and the earth.
他花费很多年研究天空和地球。
It is a curious man looking through a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, trying to know what’s going on.
科学家就是一个好奇的人，试图通过大自然的钥匙孔，去探寻事物的真相。
It opens one door after another for us to discover a new world.
它为我们发现新的世界打开一扇又一扇门。
He built it out of plastic blocks and fishing line.
他是用塑料积木和钓鱼线制作的。
She was born without an arm.
她生来没有胳膊。
What’s worse, children like her grow quickly and need new arms all the time.
更糟糕的是，像她这样的孩子长得快，经常需要更换新的假肢。
I must lend a hand to people like her.
我必须帮一帮像她这样的人。
Easton kept working on it.
Easton 一直从事它。
He enjoyed fixing problems one after another.
他喜欢一个接一个地解决问题。
And he finally hit on success at age 23.
最后他在 23 岁时成功了。
What a helping hand!
多么好的 “援手”！
Lily’s grandfather had Parkinson’s disease, and he kept knocking his drinks over.
莉莉的爷爷患有帕金森病，他总是把自己的饮料打翻。
三、语法知识
动词不定式和动名词作宾语
当谓语动词后需接另一个动作作宾语时，该动作要用动词不定式（to do） 或动名词（doing） 形式，即 “非谓语动词作宾语” ，用于表达 “动作充当宾语” 的语法情况。
二、动词不定式（to do）作宾语
（一）用法特点
强调动作的目的、意图，或体现未发生的动作 ，常表达 “想要、计划、决定去做某件事” 。
（二）高频动词
want（想要）、offer（主动提出）、hope（希望）、plan（计划）、decide（决定）、need（需要）、agree（同意）、refuse（拒绝）等 。
例句：
I want to visit Beijing.（“to visit” 作 want 的宾语，体现 “想要做的事” ）
She offered to help me.（“to help” 作 offered 的宾语，体现 “主动提出做的事” ）
三、动名词（doing）作宾语
（一）用法特点
强调动作的习惯性、持续性，或体现已发生、经历过的动作体验 ，常表达 “喜欢做、练习做、完成做某事（侧重习惯或已做）” 。
（二）高频动词
enjoy（喜欢）、practice（练习）、finish（完成）、mind（介意）、keep（保持）、suggest（建议）、avoid（避免）等 。
例句：
He enjoys learning cultures.（“learning” 作 enjoys 的宾语，体现 “习惯性喜欢做的事” ）
She practices playing the guitar.（“playing” 作 practices 的宾语，体现 “练习的内容” ）
四、“to do /doing 均可，但含义不同” 的动词（易混点 ）
部分动词后接 to do 或 doing 都能作宾语，但表意有差异，核心区别在动作是否已发生、动作逻辑 ：
动词 to do 用法（含义） doing 用法（含义） 例句对比
remember 记得去做（动作未发生 ） 记得做过（动作已发生 ） Remember to lock the door.（记得去锁门，还没锁 ） I remember seeing her.（记得见过她，已见过 ）
forget 忘记去做（动作没做 ） 忘记做过（动作做了但忘 ） Forget to buy milk.（忘记买牛奶，没买 ） I forget buying milk.（买了牛奶但忘了这回事 ）
stop 停下（当前事）去做另一件事 停止正在做的事 Stop to rest.（停下当前事，去休息 ） Stop talking.（停止正在进行的 “说话” 动作 ）
五、高频考点 & 易错点
“need” 的特殊用法：
need to do（某人需要做）：I need to study.（我需要学习 ）
need doing（某物需要被…… ，相当于 need to be done ）：The room needs cleaning.（房间需要被打扫 ）
固定搭配陷阱：
plan、want 后只能接 to do ，如 plan to travel（计划旅行 ） ；
enjoy、practice 后只能接 doing ，不能接 to do ，如 enjoy reading（喜欢阅读 ）、practice speaking（练习说话 ） 。
语法本质区分：
to do 侧重 “目的、未发生、具体动作” ；
doing 侧重 “习惯、已发生、抽象动作” 。
一、根据汉语提示正确拼写单词
1．The (发明) of the smartphone has completely changed the way we communicate and get information.
【答案】invention
【详解】句意：智能手机的发明彻底改变了我们交流和获取信息的方式。invention意为“发明”，可数名词，根据“has”可知，主语“invention”应为单数形式。故填invention。
2．Some people are not good at (表达) their feelings.
【答案】expressing
【详解】句意：有些人不善于表达自己的感情。express“表达”，动词；空前的at是介词，其后接动词-ing形式，所以空处应填express的动词-ing形式expressing。故填expressing。
3．Our art teacher always asks us to be (创造性的) and express ourselves freely.
【答案】creative
【详解】句意：美术老师总是要求我们发挥创意，自由表达。根据汉语提示，creative意为“有创造性的”，形容词，做表语，符合句意。故填creative。
4．The handmade craft is of good (质量) because they are made with care.
【答案】quality
【详解】句意：手工制作的工艺品质量很好，因为它们是精心制作的。根据汉语提示可知，此处应填名词quality“质量”，“be of good + 名词”，表示“具有好的……”。故填quality。
5．UNICEF raises money by selling postcards and (组织) other activities.
【答案】organizing
【详解】句意：联合国儿童基金会通过售卖明信片和组织其他活动来筹集资金。“by”是介词，后接动词要用动名词形式，与“selling”并列作“by”的宾语，“组织”的英文是“organize”，其动名词形式为“organizing”。故填organizing。
6．I have trouble (修理) my computer. Can you help me
【答案】repairing/fixing
【详解】句意：我修电脑有困难。你能帮助我吗？repair/fix“修理”，have trouble doing sth“做某事有困难”。故填repairing/fixing。
7．The baby ran (朝) his mother happily.
【答案】towards
【详解】句意： 宝宝开心地朝妈妈跑去。towards“朝”，是介词，故填towards。
8．There is something wrong with my washing (机器).
【答案】machine
【详解】句意：我的洗衣机出了点问题。根据“There is something wrong with my washing….”可知，这里表示“我的洗衣机出问题了”，washing machine表示“洗衣机”，这里指一台洗衣机，用单数形式machine。故填machine。
9．How many (街区) are there in your hometown
【答案】blocks
【详解】句意：你的家乡有多少个街区？block“街区”，可数名词。how many修饰复数名词。故填blocks。
10．— The boy is (盲的) in the right eye, so he sees only with his left eye.
— What a pity!
【答案】blind
【详解】句意：——这个男孩右眼失明，所以只能用左眼看东西。——太可惜了！blind表示“盲的”，形容词作表语。故填blind。
二、完成句子
11．当老师走进教室时，所有的学生都停止了说话。
All of the students when the teacher came into the classroom.
【答案】 stopped talking
【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“停止了讲话”；根据英文题干和汉语提示可知，此处考查stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，动词短语；又根据“when the teacher came into the classroom”可知，从句使用了一般过去时，说明动作发在过去，所以主句时态也应用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式stopped；talk“说话，交谈”，动词，其动名词形式为talking。故填stopped；talking。
12．他发现冬天去游览哈尔滨很有趣。
He found it very interesting Harbin in winter.
【答案】 to visit
【详解】visit“去游览”，用动词不定式形式，作宾语，前面的it是形式宾语。find it+形容词+to do sth“发现做某事是……的”。故填to；visit。
13．他迟到了，更糟糕的是，他忘了带家庭作业。
He is late, and , he forgets to bring his homework.
【答案】 what’s worse
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空缺部分是“更糟糕的是”，“更糟糕的是”的英文表达为what’s worse，固定搭配。故填what’s；worse。
14．他超强的舞蹈表演让我震惊。
His amazing dance performance me .
【答案】 blew away
【详解】句意：他超强的舞蹈表演让我震惊。 从句子语境看，描述的是过去发生的“舞蹈表演带来震惊”这一动作，要用一般过去时 。“blow away”是固定短语，有“使大为惊奇；使印象深刻” 之意，其过去式“blew away” 。故填blew；away。
15．当你需要的时候，我会向你伸出援助之手。
When you need help, I will .
【答案】 reach out my helping hand
【详解】句意：当你需要帮助时，我会向你伸出援助之手 。“will”是一般将来时的助动词，后接动词原形 。“reach out one’s helping hand”是固定短语，意为“伸出某人的援助之手” ，此处主语是“I” ，所以用“reach out my helping hand” 。故填reach；out；my；helping；hand。
16．Peter喜欢冒险，攀岩是他最喜爱的一项运动。
Peter loves and rock climbing is one of his favorite sports.
【答案】 taking risks
【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“冒险”。take risks“冒险”；love doing sth“喜欢做某事”，所以take填动名词形式taking。故填taking；risks。
17．It’s important to gain for the school.
对学校来说，获得有利的报道很重要。
【答案】 favorable coverage
【详解】根据中英文提示可知，空处表示“有利的报道”，favorable意为“有利的，良好的”，coverage意为“报道，覆盖范围”。故填favorable；coverage。
18．这个小男孩对他周围的一切都很好奇。
The little boy everything around him.
【答案】 is curious about
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，设空处意为“对……好奇”，其英文表达为be curious about；本句时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，所以be动词用is。故填is；curious；about。
三、单项选择
19．_________ the cold weather, they went out for a walk.
A．Despite B．Because of C．Instead of D．Although
【答案】A
【详解】句意：尽管天气寒冷，他们还是出去散步了。
考查连词辨析。Despite不管，尽管后跟接名词或名词短语；Because of由于，因为；Instead of代替，而不是；Although虽然，尽管，后跟从句。根据空格后“…the cold weather, they went out for a walk.”可知，此处应该表达尽管天气寒冷，他们还是出去散步了。即排除B、C选项；又根据空格后“the cold weather”可知，此处应用despite。故选A。
20．The singer was often seen to practice ________ songs near the woods three years ago.
A．sing B．singing C．to sing D．sings
【答案】B
【详解】句意：三年前，这位歌手经常被看到在树林附近练习唱歌。
考查非谓语动词。根据“practice”可知，practice doing sth.“练习做某事”，空处应选singing。故选B。
21．The girl had trouble ________ new words. Her English teacher gave her some advice.
A．remember B．to remember C．remembering D．remembered
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这个女孩记新单词有困难，她的英语老师给了她一些建议。
考查非谓语动词。根据“had trouble”可知，考查“have trouble (in) doing sth.”，意为“做某事有困难”，其中in可以省略，后接动词-ing形式。故选C。
22．—Do you have any trouble ________ the laptop
—No, I want to have a try.
A．fixing B．to fix C．fix D．fixes
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你修理笔记本电脑有困难吗？——不，我想试一试。
考查非谓语动词。have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，固定搭配，其中in可以省略，所以用fix的动名词形式fixing。故选A。
23．Don’t forget ________ off the fans when you leave.
A．turn B．turning C．to turn D．to turning
【答案】C
【详解】句意：当你离开时，别忘记关电扇。
考查非谓语动词。forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事；forget doing sth.忘记做过某事。根据“Don’t forget...off the fans when you leave.”可知，这里指离开时别忘记关电扇，动作还未做，应用动词不定式作宾语，故选C。
24．Sorry I’m late. I was talking with a friend and I ________ forgot the time.
A．completely B．suddenly C．successfully D．strongly
【答案】A
【详解】句意：对不起，我迟到了。我在和一个朋友聊天，完全忘记了时间。
考查副词词义辨析。completely完全地；suddenly突然地；successfully成功地；strongly强烈地。根据“Sorry I’m late”可知，此处是说完全忘记了时间，故选A。
25．The scientist is trying to ________ a new way to solve the problem.
A．come up with B．keep up with C．catch up with D．put up with
【答案】A
【详解】句意：这位科学家正试图想出一种解决这个问题的新方法。
考查动词短语。come up with想出，提出； keep up with跟上，不落后； catch up with赶上；put up with忍受。根据“a new way to solve the problem”可知，此处指想出新方法。故选A 。
26．—Did Li Ming have problems _______ with people when he was in the US
—Yes, but he tried to make himself understood.
A．to talk B．talked C．talking D．talks
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——李明在美国的时候与人交谈有困难吗 ——是的，但他试图让别人明白他的意思。
考查动名词作宾语。have problems in doing sth.做某事有困难，固定短语，此处应填入动名词talking。故选C。
27．I didn’t pass the math test. I have trouble ________ it.
A．study B．studying C．to study D．studied
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我没有通过数学考试。我学习它有困难。
考查非谓语动词。have trouble doing sth“做某事有困难”。故选B。
28．—We’re so tired. Can we stop ________ a rest
—Sure. Let’s sit there.
A．having B．had C．to have D．have
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我们那么累。我们可以停下来休息一下吗？——当然可以。让我们坐在那儿。
考查非谓语动词。having是have的动名词形式；had是have/has的过去式；to have是动词不定式；have是动词原形。stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事，stop doing sth.停止做某事，此处指停下来去休息，故应用to have。故选C。
四、语法选择
通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。
In the era of rapid technological development, people always want a handy and excellent helper. Last month, a useful helper called AIBI Pocket 29 . Starting from next week, this small and easy-to-use AI machine 30 the market.
There is a sensor (感应器) and three microphones inside AIBI. It hears clearly even in noisy places. Whenever you are near, it wakes up to greet you. AIBI loves playing with you. You can comfort it 31 touching its soft “fur”, “feed” it snacks with your voice, or chat about your day.
One of AIBI’s main jobs is presenting weather changes. It uses clear and bright pictures 32 if it’s raining, snowing, or sunny. This makes 33 easy for you to plan what you’ll do in a day. Also, AIBI works as a clock and gives you timely reminders so that you can take your medicine at the right time. The 34 information is of great importance. As AIBI operates over time, it carefully learns your habits. This learning is like making a clear record about you. This helps it talk to you 35 than before. When two AIBIs happen to touch each other, something 36 happens. They can exchange information. Just like how humans share experiences when they meet, AIBIs share what they’ve collected.
More than a toy, AIBI is 37 good friend that makes your life happier and more organized. 38 amazing it is to experience what AIBI Pocket can do! It brings together learning, fun, and useful tools, changing the way we use technology.
29．A．created B．is created C．was created
30．A．hit B．hits C．will hit
31．A．by B．with C．for
32．A．show B．to show C．showing
33．A．it B．that C．one
34．A．owner B．owner’s C．owners
35．A．clearly B．more clearly C．most clearly
36．A．interesting B．interested C．interest
37．A．a B．an C．the
38．A．What B．What an C．How
【答案】
29．C 30．C 31．A 32．B 33．A 34．B 35．B 36．A 37．A 38．C
【导语】本文介绍了一款名为AIBI Pocket的智能助手的功能和特点，包括其交互方式、天气展示、提醒功能和学习能力等。
29．句意：上个月，一款名为AIBI Pocket的实用助手诞生了。
created创造（过去式 ）；is created被创造（一般现在时的被动语态 ）；was created被创造（一般过去时的被动语态 ）。根据“Last month”可知时态是一般过去时，“AI助手AIBI Pocket”是被创造，要用被动语态，一般过去时的被动语态结构是“was/were+过去分词”，主语是单数，所以用“was created”。故选C。
30．句意：从下周开始，这款小巧易用的人工智能机器将进入市场。
hit进入（市场等 ），撞击；hits进入（市场等 ），撞击（第三人称单数形式 ）；will hit将进入（市场等 ），将撞击（一般将来时 ）。根据“Starting from next week”可知时态是一般将来时，一般将来时可以用“will+动词原形”表示，这里“hit the market”是“进入市场”的意思。故选C。
31．句意：你可以通过触摸它柔软的“皮毛”、用声音“投喂”它零食，或者和它聊天来安慰它。
by通过（某种方式 ）；with和……一起，用；for为了，给。根据“You can comfort it ... touching its soft ‘fur’”可知，这里表示“通过触摸它柔软的‘皮毛’来安慰它” ，“by”有“通过（某种方式）”的意思 ，符合语境。故选A。
32．句意：它会用清晰明亮的图片来展示是下雨、下雪还是晴天。
show展示；to show为了展示（动词不定式表目的 ）；showing展示（动名词形式 ）。根据“It uses clear and bright pictures ... if it’s raining, snowing, or sunny.”可知，“It uses clear and bright pictures”后面接动词不定式“to show”表目的，即“用清晰明亮的图片来展示……”。故选B。
33．句意：这让你很容易规划一天的活动。
it它；that那个；one一个。根据“This makes ... easy for you to plan what you’ll do in a day.”可知，这里是“make it+形容词+to do sth.”结构，“it”作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的“to plan what you’ll do in a day”。故选A。
34．句意：主人的信息也很重要。
owner主人；owner’s主人的（名词所有格 ）；owners主人（复数 ）。根据“The ... information is of great importance.”可知，这里表示“主人的信息很重要”，要用名词所有格形式“owner’s”。故选B。
35．句意：这有助于它比以前更清晰地和你交谈。
clearly清晰地；more clearly更清晰地（比较级 ）；most clearly最清晰地（最高级 ）。根据“than before”可知要用比较级，“clearly”的比较级是“more clearly” ，表示“比以前更清楚地和你交谈”。故选B。
36．句意：当两个AIBI相遇时，会发生一些有趣的事情。
interesting有趣的（修饰物 ）；interested感兴趣的（修饰人 ）；interest兴趣，使感兴趣（名词/动词 ）。根据“When two AIBIs happen to touch each other, something ... happens.”可知，“something”是不定代词，形容词修饰不定代词要后置，这里表示“有趣的事情”，用形容词“interesting”。故选A。
37．句意：AIBI不止是一个玩具，是一个好朋友，让你的生活更快乐、更有条理。
a一个（用于辅音音素开头单词前 ）；an一个（用于元音音素开头单词前 ）；the这个，那个（定冠词，表特指 ）。根据“More than a toy, AIBI is ... good friend that makes your life happier and more organized.”可知，“good friend”是泛指，且“good”发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词“a”。故选A。
38．句意：体验AIBI Pocket能做的事情是多么令人惊叹啊！
What多么（引导感叹句，后接名词短语 ）；What an多么一个（用于元音音素开头单词前的名词短语 ）；How多么（引导感叹句，后接形容词或副词 ）。根据“ ... amazing it is to experience what AIBI Pocket can do!”可知，这是感叹句，感叹句结构有“What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！” 和“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！”，这里“amazing”是形容词，“it”是主语，“is”是谓语，所以用“How”。故选C。
五、阅读理解
Let’s make your own barometer (气压计). Then you can measure (测量) air pressure at home and predict the weather yourself!
1 Make the Rubber CoverScissor off 1/3 of the balloon’s bottom. Spread the left part. Pull it tight over the jar top. Press the balloon to make it smooth and tie it with a rubber band. 2 Fix the Straw PointerCut one straw-end at 45° for a sharp point. Tape the straw’s other end to the balloon’s center. Ensure it points straightly—it’s your “pointer”! 3 Draw the LinesPut an A4 paper in front of the straw’s sharp end. Mark the straw-pointing spot with a pencil. Use a ruler to make 4 lines each above and belowthis spot, 0.5cm apart.
4 Name the Weather SignsDraw a sun next to the top mark, a cloud with raindrops next to the bottom mark. Place the whole device (装置) in a corner where it won’t be disturbed (打扰). 5 Observe and RecordCheck straw position daily at set times, record where it points. If the straw points to the top mark, the weather will probably be dry and sunny. If it points to the bottom mark, it may rain. If it’s in the middle, it will probably stay the same.
How it works…
Warm air rising causes low pressure (common in rainy weather), and inside air pushes balloon lid (盖子) out, and then, the moving straw pointer goes down. Sunny days opposite.
39．Among all the following objects, which are needed in Step 1
A． B． C． D．
40．The straw is used to _______.
A．fix the rubber band B．draw the pictures
C．point at the lines D．make the balloon smooth
41．According to the underlined part in Step 3, which of the following picture is correct
A． B． C． D．
42．How does the barometer (气压计) work on sunny days
A．Low pressure outside→Balloon lid out→Pointer up
B．Low pressure outside→Balloon lid in→Pointer down
C．High pressure outside→Balloon lid out→Pointer down
D．High pressure outside→Balloon lid in→Pointer up
43．In which section of a magazine can we read this passage
A．Science. B．Space. C．Sports. D．News.
【答案】39．B 40．C 41．D 42．D 43．A
【导语】本文介绍了如何在家做气压计，可以测量气压，自己预测天气！
39．细节理解题。根据“Scissor off 1/3 of the balloon’s bottom. Spread the left part. Pull it tight over the jar top. Press the balloon to make it smooth and tie it with a rubber band.”可知，剪掉气球底部的1/3。将左侧部分展开。把它紧紧地拉过罐顶。按压气球使其光滑，然后用橡皮筋系紧，因此必须用到瓶子、气球、剪刀和橡皮筋。故选B。
40．细节理解题。根据“Ensure it points straightly—it’s your “pointer”!”可知，吸管是用来指向线条的。故选C。
41．细节理解题。根据“Use a ruler to make 4 lines each above and below this spot, 0.5 cm apart.”可知，用尺子在这个点的上方和下方各画4条线，相距0.5 cm。故选D。
42．细节理解题。根据“Warm air rising causes low pressure (common in rainy weather), and inside air pushes balloon lid (盖子) out, and then, the moving straw pointer goes down. Sunny days opposite.”可知，雨天时暖空气上升导致低压，内部空气将气球盖推出，然后移动的吸管指针下降，反之是晴天。故选D。
43．推理判断题。根据“Let’s make your own barometer (气压计). Then you can measure (测量) air pressure at home and predict the weather yourself!”可推知，我们可以在杂志的科学部分阅读这段文字。故选A。
What are our clothes usually made of The answer may be “cotton, wool and silk”. One day, we may wear the clothes made of a kind of special material—human hair.
About 32 tons of human hair is thrown away in America and Canada every day. Zsofia Kollar, a designer in the Netherlands, came up with an idea of dealing with the hair. She created a company—Human Material Loop, which turns human hair into fabric (织物) for clothes.
Human hair is strong enough to hold the weight of two elephants. How is it made into fabric Here are the procedures about how to do it. Firstly, Kollar treats the hair with chemicals. Then the hair will look and feel like wool. Secondly, it is cleaned carefully. Thirdly, it is spun into yarn (纱). Fourthly, it is dyed. It can be dyed any color. Finally, it is woven into fabric like any other thread (线).
Weaving with human hair is good for the environment. It keeps hair from being buried. Also, human hair is free. All Kollar has to do is to collect it. But the processing is expensive. Right now, the human hair fabric costs more than wool, cotton or polyester (聚酯纤维). For the human-hair textile (纺织) industry, a lot of hair would have to be collected. That can be difficult.
Matter of Trust is a big hair collection company. The company has thousands of donors (捐赠者), including people from barbershops and hair salons.
44．How does the writer lead into the text
A．By asking a question. B．By showing a picture.
C．By using an old saying. D．By making a survey.
45．What does Zsofia Kollar do
A．She is a scientist. B．She is a designer.
C．She is a teacher. D．She is a dancer.
46．What does the underlined word “procedures” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Changes. B．Suggestions. C．Shows. D．Steps.
47．What’s the difficult part about weaving with human hair
A．Dyeing human hair. B．Collecting human hair.
C．Turning human hair into fabric. D．Treating human hair with chemicals.
【答案】44．A 45．B 46．D 47．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了设计师Zsofia Kollar利用废弃的人类头发制作环保织物的创新方法及其面临的挑战。
44．推理判断题。根据文章首句“What are our clothes usually made of The answer may be…”可知，作者通过提问引入话题。故选A。
45．细节理解题。根据第二段“Zsofia Kollar, a designer in the Netherlands…”可知，她的职业是设计师。故选B。
46．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Firstly, Kollar treats the hair with chemicals. Then the hair will look and feel like wool. Secondly, it is cleaned carefully. Thirdly, it is spun into yarn (纱). Fourthly, it is dyed. It can be dyed any color. Finally, it is woven into fabric like any other thread (线).”可知，这是把人类头发制成织物的步骤，“procedures”指“步骤”。故选D。
47．细节理解题。根据第四段“For the human-hair textile industry, a lot of hair would have to be collected. That can be difficult.”可知，收集头发是困难的部分。故选B。
In 223 BC, Meng Tian (蒙恬) led the army in a war against the Chu Kingdom. In those days, people wrote on silk with a kind of stick pen. The stick pen was very hard and made writing very slow. He was frustrated (沮丧的) with the difficulty of writing, so he decided to make improvements.
Between battles, Meng enjoyed hunting. One day, Meng hunted a wild rabbit. It was fat and heavy and its tail left a trail (痕迹) on the ground. Meng suddenly had an idea. He immediately tied the rabbit’s tail to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit’s hair was oily (多油的) to hold the ink. Meng felt very sad and threw his “rabbit hair brush pen” away into a hole in the rocks.
However, Meng Tian couldn’t accept the failure and continued to spend time wondering how to improve the brush pen. By chance, he found again the rabbit hair brush pen that he had thrown away. He picked it up and found that it had changed and was now soft and wet—holding water. Meng Tian got inspiration at once. He put the rabbit hair brush pen back in the ink and found it worked beautifully on silk.
48．What did people write with in 223 BC
49．What was Meng Tian’s hobby between battles
50．How did Meng Tian feel when he failed to write with the rabbit’s hair
51．Did Meng Tian succeed in making the brush pen at last
52．新考向开放性试题：What do you think of Meng Tian Why do you think so
【答案】48．A kind of stick pen. 49．Hunting. 50．He felt very sad. 51．Yes, he did. 52．I think he is smart. Because he managed to make a rabbit hair brush pen.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了蒙恬用兔毛制作毛笔的故事。
48．根据“In those days, people wrote on silk with a kind of stick pen.”可知，公元前223年，人们用一种木棍笔写字。故填A kind of stick pen.
49．根据“Between battles, Meng enjoyed hunting.”可知，战争之余，蒙恬的爱好是打猎。故填Hunting.
50．根据“But the rabbit’s hair was too oily(多油的) to hold the ink. Meng felt very sad…”可知，蒙恬用兔毛写字失败后感到非常伤心。故填He felt very sad.
51．根据“He put the rabbit hair brush pen back in the ink and found it worked beautifully on silk.”可知，蒙恬最后成功制成了毛笔。故填Yes, he did.
52．本题问的是考生怎么看蒙恬这个人，并解释原因，是一道开放性试题，答案言之有理即可，可以说他很有创造力，因为他发明了毛笔。故填He is creative. Because he invented the brush pen.
六、任务型阅读
七、选词填空
请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置。
impossible family quick they what the useful in do with drive and
There are robots all around us. They are very helpful. Some do very difficult work like flying a plane or 53 a train. And some do dirty and dangerous jobs for us.
People put the program into the robots to tell them what to 54 . Robots are like humans in two ways: they work 55 they have feedback (反馈).
Robots are very important in factories. They can do things very 56 and never feel bored. In our daily life, robots are 57 , too. People used to hope that robots could help 58 with their housework. It has come true now. In some 59 , robots can help them to look after 60 old.
Usually we think robots must look like a real person, but 61 fact, most of the time, they just look like machines.
In the future, robots will be smarter. It’s 62 that we will have robot judges (法官) and robots will help people do more jobs.
【答案】
53．driving 54．do 55．and 56．quickly 57．useful 58．them 59．families 60．the 61．in 62．possible
【导语】本文主要介绍了机器人的作用。
53．句意：有些人做非常困难的工作，比如开飞机或开火车。根据“flying a plane or ... a train”和所给词汇可知，此处指驾驶火车，drive“驾驶”，且介词like后用动名词。故填driving。
54．句意：人们把程序放进机器人里，告诉它们该做什么。根据“People put the program into the robots to tell them what to ...”和所给词汇可知，把程序放进机器人里是为了告诉它们该做什么。do“做”，to后加动词原形表示不定式。故填do。
55．句意：机器人在两个方面与人类相似：它们会工作，它们会反馈。根据“they work ... they have feedback”和所给词汇可知，机器人会工作和会反馈。and“和”表示并列。故填and。
56．句意：他们做事很快，从不觉得无聊。根据“They can do things very ...”和所给词汇可知，机器人做事情很快，quick“快的”，此处应用副词修饰动词do things。故填quickly。
57．句意：在我们的日常生活中，机器人也很有用。根据“In our daily life, robots are ..., too”和所给词汇可知，机器人是有用的，useful“有用的”，形容词作表语。故填useful。
58．句意：人们曾经希望机器人能帮助他们做家务。根据“help ... with their housework”和所给词汇可知，此处指帮助他们做家务，they“他们”，且此处应用宾格作宾语。故填them。
59．句意：在一些家庭，机器人可以帮助他们照顾老人。根据“In some ..., robots can help them to look after ... old.”和所给词汇可知，照顾老人是家庭中的事情，family“家庭”，some后加复数。故填families。
60．句意：在一些家庭，机器人可以帮助他们照顾老人。the+形容词，表示一类人。the old“老人”。故填the。
61．句意：通常我们认为机器人必须长得像真人，但事实上，大多数时候，它们只是看起来像机器。in fact“事实上”，固定搭配。故填in。
62．句意：我们可能会有机器人法官，机器人会帮助人们做更多的工作。根据“It’s ... that we will have robot judges”和所给词汇可知，有机器人法官是可能的。possible“可能的”，形容词作表语。故填possible。2025年八年级上册预习篇 第9天Unit 3
/ 让学习更有效 暑假打卡计划 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
重点短语
on purpose 故意地，有意地
by accident 偶然地，意外地
encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
in history 历史上
have a curiosity about 对…… 有好奇心
lightning rod 避雷针
fly a kite 放风筝
protect…from… 保护…… 免受…… 的侵害
be curious about 对…… 好奇
lose one’s life 失去某人的生命
take risks 冒险
earthquake detector 地动仪
after all 毕竟
do research 做研究
shake hands with sb 和某人握手
blow sb away 使某人大为惊讶
be able to do sth 能够做某事
out of 由…… 制成，用…… 做成
make money 挣钱
for free 免费
allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
be made from 由…… 制成
have a hard time doing sth 做某事有困难
apply…to… 把…… 应用到……
in one’s way 挡住某人的路
warn sb about sth 提醒某人某事
二、重点句型
His curiosity led him to invent the lightning rod.
他的好奇致使他发明了避雷针。
He was so curious about space that he invented a “flying chair”!
他对太空非常好奇，甚至发明了一个 “飞椅”！
Despite the failure, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas.
尽管失败了，但他的好奇心为后来的探索者提供了灵感。
But curiosity is more than just taking risks.
但是好奇不仅仅就是冒险。
It also drives people towards certain goals.
它也驱使人们朝着某些目标前进。
He spent years studying the sky and the earth.
他花费很多年研究天空和地球。
It is a curious man looking through a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, trying to know what’s going on.
科学家就是一个好奇的人，试图通过大自然的钥匙孔，去探寻事物的真相。
It opens one door after another for us to discover a new world.
它为我们发现新的世界打开一扇又一扇门。
He built it out of plastic blocks and fishing line.
他是用塑料积木和钓鱼线制作的。
She was born without an arm.
她生来没有胳膊。
What’s worse, children like her grow quickly and need new arms all the time.
更糟糕的是，像她这样的孩子长得快，经常需要更换新的假肢。
I must lend a hand to people like her.
我必须帮一帮像她这样的人。
Easton kept working on it.
Easton 一直从事它。
He enjoyed fixing problems one after another.
他喜欢一个接一个地解决问题。
And he finally hit on success at age 23.
最后他在 23 岁时成功了。
What a helping hand!
多么好的 “援手”！
Lily’s grandfather had Parkinson’s disease, and he kept knocking his drinks over.
莉莉的爷爷患有帕金森病，他总是把自己的饮料打翻。
三、语法知识
动词不定式和动名词作宾语
当谓语动词后需接另一个动作作宾语时，该动作要用动词不定式（to do） 或动名词（doing） 形式，即 “非谓语动词作宾语” ，用于表达 “动作充当宾语” 的语法情况。
二、动词不定式（to do）作宾语
（一）用法特点
强调动作的目的、意图，或体现未发生的动作 ，常表达 “想要、计划、决定去做某件事” 。
（二）高频动词
want（想要）、offer（主动提出）、hope（希望）、plan（计划）、decide（决定）、need（需要）、agree（同意）、refuse（拒绝）等 。
例句：
I want to visit Beijing.（“to visit” 作 want 的宾语，体现 “想要做的事” ）
She offered to help me.（“to help” 作 offered 的宾语，体现 “主动提出做的事” ）
三、动名词（doing）作宾语
（一）用法特点
强调动作的习惯性、持续性，或体现已发生、经历过的动作体验 ，常表达 “喜欢做、练习做、完成做某事（侧重习惯或已做）” 。
（二）高频动词
enjoy（喜欢）、practice（练习）、finish（完成）、mind（介意）、keep（保持）、suggest（建议）、avoid（避免）等 。
例句：
He enjoys learning cultures.（“learning” 作 enjoys 的宾语，体现 “习惯性喜欢做的事” ）
She practices playing the guitar.（“playing” 作 practices 的宾语，体现 “练习的内容” ）
四、“to do /doing 均可，但含义不同” 的动词（易混点 ）
部分动词后接 to do 或 doing 都能作宾语，但表意有差异，核心区别在动作是否已发生、动作逻辑 ：
动词 to do 用法（含义） doing 用法（含义） 例句对比
remember 记得去做（动作未发生 ） 记得做过（动作已发生 ） Remember to lock the door.（记得去锁门，还没锁 ） I remember seeing her.（记得见过她，已见过 ）
forget 忘记去做（动作没做 ） 忘记做过（动作做了但忘 ） Forget to buy milk.（忘记买牛奶，没买 ） I forget buying milk.（买了牛奶但忘了这回事 ）
stop 停下（当前事）去做另一件事 停止正在做的事 Stop to rest.（停下当前事，去休息 ） Stop talking.（停止正在进行的 “说话” 动作 ）
五、高频考点 & 易错点
“need” 的特殊用法：
need to do（某人需要做）：I need to study.（我需要学习 ）
need doing（某物需要被…… ，相当于 need to be done ）：The room needs cleaning.（房间需要被打扫 ）
固定搭配陷阱：
plan、want 后只能接 to do ，如 plan to travel（计划旅行 ） ；
enjoy、practice 后只能接 doing ，不能接 to do ，如 enjoy reading（喜欢阅读 ）、practice speaking（练习说话 ） 。
语法本质区分：
to do 侧重 “目的、未发生、具体动作” ；
doing 侧重 “习惯、已发生、抽象动作” 。
一、根据汉语提示正确拼写单词
1．The (发明) of the smartphone has completely changed the way we communicate and get information.
2．Some people are not good at (表达) their feelings.
3．Our art teacher always asks us to be (创造性的) and express ourselves freely.
4．The handmade craft is of good (质量) because they are made with care.
5．UNICEF raises money by selling postcards and (组织) other activities.
6．I have trouble (修理) my computer. Can you help me
7．The baby ran (朝) his mother happily.
8．There is something wrong with my washing (机器).
9．How many (街区) are there in your hometown
10．— The boy is (盲的) in the right eye, so he sees only with his left eye.
— What a pity!
二、完成句子
11．当老师走进教室时，所有的学生都停止了说话。
All of the students when the teacher came into the classroom.
12．他发现冬天去游览哈尔滨很有趣。
He found it very interesting Harbin in winter.
13．他迟到了，更糟糕的是，他忘了带家庭作业。
He is late, and , he forgets to bring his homework.
14．他超强的舞蹈表演让我震惊。
His amazing dance performance me .
15．当你需要的时候，我会向你伸出援助之手。
When you need help, I will .
16．Peter喜欢冒险，攀岩是他最喜爱的一项运动。
Peter loves and rock climbing is one of his favorite sports.
17．It’s important to gain for the school.
对学校来说，获得有利的报道很重要。
18．这个小男孩对他周围的一切都很好奇。
The little boy everything around him.
三、单项选择
19．_________ the cold weather, they went out for a walk.
A．Despite B．Because of C．Instead of D．Although
20．The singer was often seen to practice ________ songs near the woods three years ago.
A．sing B．singing C．to sing D．sings
21．The girl had trouble ________ new words. Her English teacher gave her some advice.
A．remember B．to remember C．remembering D．remembered
22．—Do you have any trouble ________ the laptop
—No, I want to have a try.
A．fixing B．to fix C．fix D．fixes
23．Don’t forget ________ off the fans when you leave.
A．turn B．turning C．to turn D．to turning
24．Sorry I’m late. I was talking with a friend and I ________ forgot the time.
A．completely B．suddenly C．successfully D．strongly
25．The scientist is trying to ________ a new way to solve the problem.
A．come up with B．keep up with C．catch up with D．put up with
26．—Did Li Ming have problems _______ with people when he was in the US
—Yes, but he tried to make himself understood.
A．to talk B．talked C．talking D．talks
27．I didn’t pass the math test. I have trouble ________ it.
A．study B．studying C．to study D．studied
28．—We’re so tired. Can we stop ________ a rest
—Sure. Let’s sit there.
A．having B．had C．to have D．have
四、语法选择
通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。
In the era of rapid technological development, people always want a handy and excellent helper. Last month, a useful helper called AIBI Pocket 29 . Starting from next week, this small and easy-to-use AI machine 30 the market.
There is a sensor (感应器) and three microphones inside AIBI. It hears clearly even in noisy places. Whenever you are near, it wakes up to greet you. AIBI loves playing with you. You can comfort it 31 touching its soft “fur”, “feed” it snacks with your voice, or chat about your day.
One of AIBI’s main jobs is presenting weather changes. It uses clear and bright pictures 32 if it’s raining, snowing, or sunny. This makes 33 easy for you to plan what you’ll do in a day. Also, AIBI works as a clock and gives you timely reminders so that you can take your medicine at the right time. The 34 information is of great importance. As AIBI operates over time, it carefully learns your habits. This learning is like making a clear record about you. This helps it talk to you 35 than before. When two AIBIs happen to touch each other, something 36 happens. They can exchange information. Just like how humans share experiences when they meet, AIBIs share what they’ve collected.
More than a toy, AIBI is 37 good friend that makes your life happier and more organized. 38 amazing it is to experience what AIBI Pocket can do! It brings together learning, fun, and useful tools, changing the way we use technology.
29．A．created B．is created C．was created
30．A．hit B．hits C．will hit
31．A．by B．with C．for
32．A．show B．to show C．showing
33．A．it B．that C．one
34．A．owner B．owner’s C．owners
35．A．clearly B．more clearly C．most clearly
36．A．interesting B．interested C．interest
37．A．a B．an C．the
38．A．What B．What an C．How
五、阅读理解
Let’s make your own barometer (气压计). Then you can measure (测量) air pressure at home and predict the weather yourself!
1 Make the Rubber CoverScissor off 1/3 of the balloon’s bottom. Spread the left part. Pull it tight over the jar top. Press the balloon to make it smooth and tie it with a rubber band. 2 Fix the Straw PointerCut one straw-end at 45° for a sharp point. Tape the straw’s other end to the balloon’s center. Ensure it points straightly—it’s your “pointer”! 3 Draw the LinesPut an A4 paper in front of the straw’s sharp end. Mark the straw-pointing spot with a pencil. Use a ruler to make 4 lines each above and belowthis spot, 0.5cm apart.
4 Name the Weather SignsDraw a sun next to the top mark, a cloud with raindrops next to the bottom mark. Place the whole device (装置) in a corner where it won’t be disturbed (打扰). 5 Observe and RecordCheck straw position daily at set times, record where it points. If the straw points to the top mark, the weather will probably be dry and sunny. If it points to the bottom mark, it may rain. If it’s in the middle, it will probably stay the same.
How it works…
Warm air rising causes low pressure (common in rainy weather), and inside air pushes balloon lid (盖子) out, and then, the moving straw pointer goes down. Sunny days opposite.
39．Among all the following objects, which are needed in Step 1
A． B． C． D．
40．The straw is used to _______.
A．fix the rubber band B．draw the pictures
C．point at the lines D．make the balloon smooth
41．According to the underlined part in Step 3, which of the following picture is correct
A． B． C． D．
42．How does the barometer (气压计) work on sunny days
A．Low pressure outside→Balloon lid out→Pointer up
B．Low pressure outside→Balloon lid in→Pointer down
C．High pressure outside→Balloon lid out→Pointer down
D．High pressure outside→Balloon lid in→Pointer up
43．In which section of a magazine can we read this passage
A．Science. B．Space. C．Sports. D．News.
What are our clothes usually made of The answer may be “cotton, wool and silk”. One day, we may wear the clothes made of a kind of special material—human hair.
About 32 tons of human hair is thrown away in America and Canada every day. Zsofia Kollar, a designer in the Netherlands, came up with an idea of dealing with the hair. She created a company—Human Material Loop, which turns human hair into fabric (织物) for clothes.
Human hair is strong enough to hold the weight of two elephants. How is it made into fabric Here are the procedures about how to do it. Firstly, Kollar treats the hair with chemicals. Then the hair will look and feel like wool. Secondly, it is cleaned carefully. Thirdly, it is spun into yarn (纱). Fourthly, it is dyed. It can be dyed any color. Finally, it is woven into fabric like any other thread (线).
Weaving with human hair is good for the environment. It keeps hair from being buried. Also, human hair is free. All Kollar has to do is to collect it. But the processing is expensive. Right now, the human hair fabric costs more than wool, cotton or polyester (聚酯纤维). For the human-hair textile (纺织) industry, a lot of hair would have to be collected. That can be difficult.
Matter of Trust is a big hair collection company. The company has thousands of donors (捐赠者), including people from barbershops and hair salons.
44．How does the writer lead into the text
A．By asking a question. B．By showing a picture.
C．By using an old saying. D．By making a survey.
45．What does Zsofia Kollar do
A．She is a scientist. B．She is a designer.
C．She is a teacher. D．She is a dancer.
46．What does the underlined word “procedures” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Changes. B．Suggestions. C．Shows. D．Steps.
47．What’s the difficult part about weaving with human hair
A．Dyeing human hair. B．Collecting human hair.
C．Turning human hair into fabric. D．Treating human hair with chemicals.
In 223 BC, Meng Tian (蒙恬) led the army in a war against the Chu Kingdom. In those days, people wrote on silk with a kind of stick pen. The stick pen was very hard and made writing very slow. He was frustrated (沮丧的) with the difficulty of writing, so he decided to make improvements.
Between battles, Meng enjoyed hunting. One day, Meng hunted a wild rabbit. It was fat and heavy and its tail left a trail (痕迹) on the ground. Meng suddenly had an idea. He immediately tied the rabbit’s tail to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit’s hair was oily (多油的) to hold the ink. Meng felt very sad and threw his “rabbit hair brush pen” away into a hole in the rocks.
However, Meng Tian couldn’t accept the failure and continued to spend time wondering how to improve the brush pen. By chance, he found again the rabbit hair brush pen that he had thrown away. He picked it up and found that it had changed and was now soft and wet—holding water. Meng Tian got inspiration at once. He put the rabbit hair brush pen back in the ink and found it worked beautifully on silk.
48．What did people write with in 223 BC
49．What was Meng Tian’s hobby between battles
50．How did Meng Tian feel when he failed to write with the rabbit’s hair
51．Did Meng Tian succeed in making the brush pen at last
52．新考向开放性试题：What do you think of Meng Tian Why do you think so
六、任务型阅读
七、选词填空
请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置。
impossible family quick they what the useful in do with drive and
There are robots all around us. They are very helpful. Some do very difficult work like flying a plane or 53 a train. And some do dirty and dangerous jobs for us.
People put the program into the robots to tell them what to 54 . Robots are like humans in two ways: they work 55 they have feedback (反馈).
Robots are very important in factories. They can do things very 56 and never feel bored. In our daily life, robots are 57 , too. People used to hope that robots could help 58 with their housework. It has come true now. In some 59 , robots can help them to look after 60 old.
Usually we think robots must look like a real person, but 61 fact, most of the time, they just look like machines.
In the future, robots will be smarter. It’s 62 that we will have robot judges (法官) and robots will help people do more jobs.
