Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
维度一：基础题型练
用适当的情态动词或所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.When he was young， he climb the small hill every morning.
2.If you can pass the driving test， you get a new car.
3.She have been caught in the heavy traffic.If so， she won’t arrive here by five o’clock.
4.I have reached a point in my career where I to decide which way to go.
5.The report is written after careful investigation.So it be reliable.
6.One of our rules is that every student wear school uniforms while at school.
7.It is not a problem whether we win the battle； it’s just a matter of time.
8.He said that if it didn’t rain he （go） to the park.
9.Despite all our efforts to persuade him， he still not change his mind to quit his job.
10.Adapting to a new culture can be difficult.However， you to step out of your comfort zone.
维度二：语法与写作
1.I was annoyed at him because he himself.
我很生他的气，因为他本应该好好照顾自己的。
2.Earlier this week， he told me he London.
这星期早些时候他对我说他要去伦敦。
3.She ， because she wears a bright smile on her face.
她一定赢了这场比赛，因为她脸上挂着灿烂的笑容。
4.We were told that the plane in ten minutes.
我们被告知飞机十分钟后就要起飞了。
5.I still remember my happy childhood when my grandma at weekends.
我仍然记得我快乐的童年，在周末我奶奶常常带我去公园。
6.He said he would leave tomorrow.He so early.
他说他明天离开。他不可能这么早就退房了。
维度三：语法填空
用适当的情态动词完成下面短文。
Miss Fang 1. （not） read for very long with her eyes hurt.Her mother told her that she 2. go to hospital and see a doctor.“You 3. see a doctor as soon as possible，” her mother said.“You 4. have poor eyesight.”
When Miss Fang had free time， she went to hospital.The clerk said that the doctor 5. see her at 3：30 p.m.
Miss Fang replied that she 6. not be able to be there at 3：30 p.m.because she had a class then.“The doctor 7. see you at about ten to four，” the clerk suggested.“8. I arrange the examination at about ten to four， or 9. you rather come tomorrow？”
Miss Fang thought she 10. （not） waste any more time.The teacher shouldn’t be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little earlier， as he was always so kind to everyone.And she replied， “I think I 11. make it at about ten to four.”
Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher， “12. I leave at 3：45 p.m.today？ My eyes hurt and I 13. have an eye examination.” As expected， the teacher said， “Yes， of course you 14. .”
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·徐州高一下期末）The habit of thrift （节俭） was acquired by every one of Father’s family.In all his life， he never gave me a nickel.As a boy， I did not approve of his policy.He never lost an opportunity to tell me where and when I could earn some money.As a result of his warning， I frequently worked for neighbours with the understanding that I was to have every penny I earned.Father rarely borrowed from my savings.When he did， he never failed to keep his promise for payment.He never offered any advice， unless asked， as to how I was to invest my earnings.If I invested and lost， he remarked， “This is part of your experience.Live and learn.”I thought then that he was unpleasant and unsympathetic.I know better now.
Today we have “thrift days” and all sorts of devices for encouraging economy.To be frank about the matter， we have given up the very core of thrift.By that I mean the earning factor.In Father’s view， earning was a necessity.Someone has said that desire and necessity are the dynamic forces in social progress.Wealthy parents continue to hope against hope in their attempt to encourage thrift as a habit.In every middle school， college and university， the students who experience work are the only ones who really know the meaning of thrift.
A progressive doctrine of thrift involves earning， saving and spending.This cannot be taught in the classroom.Thrift is not a lone virtue； it is vitally related to all the other fundamental virtues.My habit of thrift gives me a strong hatred for waste.Millions of people in the world suffer from the lack of necessary food， clothing and shelter.The waste of the rich would， if put into use， meet the need of millions in poverty.
1.Why did the author have to work when he was young？（ ）
A.His father never gave him a nickel.
B.His father urged him to earn money on his own.
C.He had the desire to earn money on his own.
D.His father often borrowed money from his savings.
2.What is the author’s understanding of his father’s remark now？（ ）
A.His father didn’t care about his investment.
B.Going through failure before you finally succeed.
C.His father was angry when he failed in investment.
D.It is natural that one should fail at the beginning.
3.What is the core of thrift according to the author？（ ）
A.Working and earning.
B.Desire and necessity.
C.Living in a simple way with little money.
D.Making use of everything and never wasting.
4.Why does the author mention the people in poverty in the last paragraph？（ ）
A.To advocate the virtue of thrift.
B.To tell us that thrift can get rid of poverty.
C.To call on the wealthy to help the poor.
D.To call on the rich to stop wasting things.
B
（2024·山东六校高一下联考）An Atlanta mother is making her kids work hard for their money.Instead of giving them an allowance， Shaketha Marion McGregor is giving them actual job titles and duties.Her innovative idea that she posted on Facebook has been shared over 114，000 times.
In a selfie， the mother of three showed that she was now “hiring” for three positions：laundry supervisor， lead housekeeper and kitchen manager for her company called “This Mom Means Business”.The photo also showed that she would be holding interviews for these jobs.The applicants？Her three kids： Jahkeem， 13， Takeia， 10， and Serinity， 6.
McGregor said the interviews went smoothly.To her surprise， the youngest was the most professional.“Jahkeem almost laughed the entire time， which caused me to laugh a lot， too.It was tons of fun.His only questions were， ‘How much do I get paid？How often do I get paid？And do I have to pay tax？’”
The kids have been handling the responsibilities of their new job duties pretty well so far， though it has only been about a week.McGregor says they’re anxiously awaiting their first paycheck.The mother said she came up with the idea after she had to replace a lot of items she lost during a tragedy.“We lost a lot of things last year in a house fire and I’ve been really working hard to recover the things that we need，” McGregor said.“And my kids continued to ask for things that they want so I figured it would be best to have them earn it.”
5.Why does the Atlanta mother conduct interviews？（ ）
A.To hire some people for her company.
B.To reduce her own pressure from work.
C.To let her kids earn money through labour.
D.To help her kids know how to save money.
6.What do we know from the photo mentioned in Paragraph 2？（ ）
A.The way the kids do their duties.
B.The positions that may be applied for.
C.How the kids get along with each other.
D.How the kids compete for the jobs.
7.Who performed best in the interview？（ ）
A.Takeia. B.Shaketha.
C.Jahkeem. D.Serinity.
8.What happened to the family？（ ）
A.They suffered a fire.
B.They lost their home.
C.The father died in a tragedy.
D.They moved to a new city.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·重庆高一下月考）Thomas Edison once said，“There are three types of people： There are those who think.There are those who think they think.And then there are those who would rather die than think.”
The great majority of people go through life without giving much thought to who they are and how they got to where they are today.9.（ ）， like a series of random events， with no explanations and few connections between them.
But the fact is that your world is largely created by the thoughts you think， and the things that you do as a result of your thinking.10.（ ）.When you change your thinking， you change your life.
Your thought is creative.You determine what happens to you by the thoughts you think， especially those thoughts that are charged with emotion， either positive or negative.Your thoughts are like the computer in a guided missile （导弹）.11.（ ）.
In a 2002 study at the University of Pennsylvania， 350，000 people were interviewed to find out what they thought about most of the time.It turned out that the top 10 percent， the happiest and most successful of this group， thought about two things most of the time： what they wanted and how to get it.12.（ ）.
The more that successful people thought about what they wanted and how to get it， the more ideas and insights came to them.13.（ ）， which moved them faster and faster towards their goals.When they achieved their goals， they felt happier， more motivated， and eager to set even bigger and more challenging goals.
The foundation principle of all religions， philosophy， psychology， and success is this： You become what you think about most of the time.
A.As a result， life just happens to them
B.They lead you correctly to your target
C.Decide upon something that you really want
D.You will eventually become what you think about
E.These ideas motivated them to take even more actions
F.They thought about their goals and the actions they could take
G.When you improve your thinking， you improve your actions and results
Ⅲ.完形填空
I always come across random acts of kindness in my life.Many years ago， I was visiting Costa Rica when I found myself in a（n） 14 situation： my credit cards and bank cards went out of 15 abroad， and I only had 5 to my name.
I had no way to get money.I didn’t know anybody in this country.I only knew basic Spanish， and besides the cash the only possession I had was a return ticket to my country in almost two 16 .Back then， there was no such thing as mobile phones， and 17 email was very limited.To findhelp， I decided to go to the 18 .With the only coins I had， I headed to the bus terminal （终点站）， which 19 almost the exact amount.About 4 hours later， I arrived at a village called Santa Rosa Abajo.
I knocked door to door， 20 in my very poor Spanish that I was a foreigner travelling in Costa Rica with no money but I 21 to stay here for over ten days.I begged them for a 22 — such as cooking， cleaning and looking after their kids.Everybody replied， “Oh my， but so poor are we that we have no 23 food or space.Maybe you can try the next 24 .” And they’d point me to another house.
25 ， I arrived at a Chinese restaurant.The owner of the restaurant was very 26 .She gave me food and called the Red Cross to come to rescue me.With the 27 of the Red Cross， I spent my remaining days in Costa Rica.
This is one of the best trips I’ve ever had， because I realised that when you’re in a position to be able to 28 help， it actually makes you feel happy.
14.（ ）A.unusual B.confusing
C.awkward D.strange
15.（ ）A.use B.fashion
C.control D.business
16.（ ）A.hours B.days
C.weeks D.months
17.（ ）A.again B.even
C.yet D.so
18.（ ）A.city B.capital
C.town D.countryside
19.（ ）A.created B.earned
C.saved D.cost
20.（ ）A.explaining B.suggesting
C.apologising D.shouting
21.（ ）A.managed B.needed
C.failed D.agreed
22.（ ）A.job B.meal
C.room D.chance
23.（ ）A.extra B.free
C.fine D.basic
24.（ ）A.time B.village
C.family D.thing
25.（ ）A.Luckily B.Naturally
C.Clearly D.Finally
26.（ ）A.generous B.rich
C.outgoing D.confident
27.（ ）A.help B.comfort
C.hope D.encouragement
28.（ ）A.need B.receive
C.refuse D.give
Ⅳ.语法填空
Carbon pricing （碳定价） is a policy tool to lower emissions of carbon dioxide （CO2） and other greenhouse gases.Emissions are produced when fossil fuels 29. （burn）.These emissions are the main cause of climate change， 30. （result） in flooding， sea-level rise， drought， heatwaves， and other costs to society.
The goal of carbon pricing 31. （be） to shift the responsibility for these costs to those who produce the emissions.32. producers and consumers have to pay for each ton of CO2 they emit， they have an economic incentive （动机） 33. （shift） away from fossil fuels， improve their energy efficiency， and invest in low-carbon technology.
In theory， a carbon price should be equal to the social cost of carbon.For example， if one ton of CO2 emissions costs the public $100， 34. should cost $100 to emit that ton of CO2.However， that price is very hard to determine， so often carbon prices are instead set at levels 35. policymakers think will help them meet certain emission or temperature targets.
Many economists and policymakers consider carbon pricing one of the best available 36. （tool） to fight against climate change.That’s because carbon pricing can touch every part of the economy.Rather than regulating 37. （exact） where and how emissions should be reduced， carbon pricing gives markets the flexibility to find the 38. （cheap） possible ways to lower emissions.
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
基础知识自测
维度一
1.would 2.shall 3.may/might 4.need 5.should 6.shall
7.can 8.would go 9.would 10.need
维度二
1.should have taken good care of 2.was leaving for
3.must have won the game 4.was taking off
5.would take me to the park 6.couldn’t have checked out
维度三
1.couldn’t 2.should 3.should 4.may/might 5.could
6.would 7.may/might 8.Shall 9.would 10.shouldn’t
11.can 12.May/Can/Could 13.must 14.can/may
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者小时候就养成了节俭的习惯，他认识到节俭是一种美德，那些通过勤工俭学的学生对节俭的生活有着深刻的认识。作者希望富人们减少浪费，帮助世界上千千万万的穷困人民。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的He never lost an opportunity to tell me where and when I could earn some money.可知，作者的父亲总是不失时机地告诉他在哪里以及何时可以赚到钱，也就是说，作者的父亲经常督促他独立工作去挣钱。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的Live and learn.和I know better now.可知，作者对父亲的这番话有了更好的理解，即从失败中获得教训，最后一定会取得成功。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的By that I mean the earning factor.可知，作者举了学生勤工俭学的例子说明节俭的核心在于通过劳动获得收入。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者认为如果把富人们浪费的东西充分利用起来，就可以满足大量穷人的需求。由此推断，作者呼吁富人停止浪费，这样就可以拯救无数在穷困中挣扎的人。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位母亲为了培养孩子们的理财观，给他们实际的职务和职责，让他们通过付出劳动来赚取所需之物。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，这位母亲让她的孩子们努力工作来赚钱，所以她举办面试是为了让她的孩子们通过劳动赚钱。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的In a selfie， the mother of three showed that she was now “hiring” for three positions：laundry supervisor， lead housekeeper and kitchen manager可知，这张自拍照展示了孩子们可以应聘的职位。
7.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的To her surprise， the youngest was the most professional.可知，在面试过程中，最小的孩子是最专业的，Serinity最小，所以Serinity在面试中表现最佳。
8.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的We lost a lot of things last year in a house fire可知，McGregor家里因为一场大火损失了很多东西，所以McGregor家曾遭受过大火。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。我们常听到一句名言：“我思故我在。”作者认为，我们每时每刻的所思所想，会最终决定我们成为什么样的人。
9.A 上文指出：我们生活中大多人浑浑噩噩、很少思考，这样的结果自然是漫无目的、随波逐流。故A项符合语境。
10.G 下句When you change your thinking， you change your life.暗示我们G项符合语境，正好与其构成并列句。
11.B 上句指出：你的思想就像导弹里的计算机。计算机应该是为导弹确定目标，我们的思想则是为我们的人生确定目标。故B项符合语境，B项中的They指代上句中提到的Your thoughts。
12.F 上文介绍了2002年宾夕法尼亚大学的一项研究，受访者有35万人，关注点是他们大多数时候在想什么。故F项符合语境。
13.E 上句指出：成功人士对他们想要什么以及如何得到它想得越多，他们就会有更多的想法和见解。故E项符合语境，E项中的These ideas正好与上句中的more ideas相呼应。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在哥斯达黎加无法使用信用卡和银行卡，身上也没有多少现金，只好寻求帮助，最后终于在一家中餐厅老板的帮助下，成功度过了在哥斯达黎加剩下的日子。
14.C 根据下文可知，作者面临着一个尴尬的情形。
15.A 根据下文abroad， and I only had 5 to my name可知，作者当时在国外，因此不能使用银行卡和信用卡，只有5美元现金可用。
16.C 根据下文可推知，作者差不多还要在哥斯达黎加停留两周。
17.B 根据语境可知，此处用“甚至连电子邮件也非常有限”来突出当时作者所处的艰难局面——无法求助国内的人。
18.D 根据下文About 4 hours later， I arrived at a village called Santa Rosa Abajo.可知，作者去了农村寻求帮助。
19.D 此处是指买票去农村几乎花光了作者身上所有的钱。
20.A 根据下文可知，这是作者敲当地村民的门时，向村民们解释自己的情况。
21.B 根据下文可知，作者需要在哥斯达黎加待十多天，因此恳求帮村民工作，以此换取现金。
22.A 根据下文such as cooking， cleaning and looking after their kids可知，此处是指作者恳求帮村民工作来换取现金。
23.A 根据上文so poor are we可知，村民都很穷，没有额外的食物或者住的地方。
24.C 根据下文And they’d point me to another house.可推知，村民说完后，指着另外一户人家，让作者去试试。
25.D 根据上文作者向村民求助无果可知，此处是指作者最后来到了一家中餐厅。
26.A 根据下文She gave me food and called the Red Cross to come to rescue me.可知，中餐厅的老板非常慷慨。
27.A 根据上文中餐厅的老板给红十字会打电话和下文I spent my remaining days in Costa Rica可知，有了红十字会的帮助，作者度过了在哥斯达黎加剩下的日子。
28.B 根据上文作者的经历可知，此处指的是处于被帮助的处境，即接受帮助的处境也会让人很快乐。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。为了控制碳排放，世界上很多国家开始实施“碳定价”。
29.are burned 考查动词的时态和语态。这里表示化石燃料“被燃烧”，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。
30.resulting 考查非谓语动词。这里是动词-ing形式作状语，表示一种结果。
31.is 考查动词的时态。根据上下文可知，这里应用一般现在时。
32.When/If 考查连词。根据语境可知，这里应用从属连词When或If引导该状语从句。
33.to shift 考查非谓语动词。这里应用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词incentive。
34.it 考查代词。这里it作形式主语，后面的动词不定式短语作真正主语。
35.that/which 考查定语从句。这里应用关系代词that或which引导一个定语从句，修饰前面的先行词 levels。
36.tools 考查名词的单复数。one of后面应用可数名词的复数形式。
37.exactly 考查副词。本空前面是一个动词，因此这里应用副词形式。
38.cheapest 考查形容词的最高级。“the＋最高级＋possible”是一种固定用法。例如：the best/biggest/fastest possible。
6 / 6Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
情态动词和过去将来时
①Oliver believes that with a million-pound bank note a man could live a month in London.
②Young man， would you step inside a moment， please？
③May we ask what you’re doing in this country and what your plans are？
④Well， you mustn’t worry about that.
⑤Now if you’ll excuse me， I ought to be on my way.
⑥The two gentlemen had been having a heated argument for a couple of days， and had decided to make a bet which would settle their argument.
【我的发现】
（1）句①中的could 表示 ；句②中的would表示 ；句③中的May表示 ；句④中的mustn’t表示 ；句⑤中的will表示 ；ought to表示 。
（2）过去将来时的基本结构是 （如句⑥）。
一、情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的词义，通常与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度或主观设想。
1.基本特征
（1）在意义上，情态动词有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，需和实义动词或系动词一起作谓语。
（2）在形式上，情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化（be able to、 have to 除外）。
（3）在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，其后需接动词原形，构成谓语动词。
2.情态动词的主要表意功能
（1）can/could 的用法
①表示能力，意为“能，会”；could主要指过去的能力。
Everyone can play a part in reducing waste.
每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用。
You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。
②表示请求或许可。
当请求允许做某事时，两者均可用，但could语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时，一般要用can，而不用could。
—Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning？
—Yes， you can.
——我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗？
——是的，可以。
③表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度时，意为“怎么能，怎么会”，主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，用could时语气较委婉。
How can you stay so calm after such a hot argument？
在如此激烈的争论之后，你怎么还能保持如此冷静？
名师点津
can与be able to的区别：
（1）can只能用在一般现在时，而be able to可用于更多的时态。
He will be able to tell you the news soon.
他将能够很快就告诉你这个消息。
（2）表示过去特定的能力或经过努力才具备的能力，只能用be able to。
I talked with her for a long time， and finally I was able to make her believe me.
我和她谈了很长时间，最终，我让她相信了我。
（2）must 的用法
表示现在或将来必须要做某事，多是出于义务、责任或强制命令，指说话人的主观意志。
We must promote our environmental awareness and behave ourselves.
我们必须提高环保意识，并规范我们的行为。
（2023·全国甲卷）She teaches that people must take responsibility for saving the environment.
她教育人们必须承担拯救环境的责任。
名师点津
（1）回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，则不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to。
—Must we hand in our English exercise books？
—Yes， you must.（No， you don’t have to./No， you needn’t.）
——我们必须交英语练习册吗？
——是的，你必须要交。（不，你不必）。
（2）must用于疑问句中，可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感彩，意为“偏要，硬要”。mustn’t的意思是“禁止”，而不是“不必”。
Must you interrupt me now？Can’t you see I’m on the phone？
你非要现在打断我吗？难道你没看见我在打电话吗？
【即时演练1】 用适当的情态动词填空
① you please be kind enough to tell me something about that？
②Life is full of choices， so we think clearly before making a decision.
③I’m not a trained musician， but I’ve learnt to read music so I help Maria in her performance.
④Tom， you not leave all your clothes on the floor like this！
⑤I sincerely hope you accept my invitation.
（3）may/might 的用法
①表示请求时，两者都可用，只是might表示的语气较委婉（但并不表示过去）；表示许可时，通常要用may而不用might。
If it is convenient， may/might I pay you a visit at your office next Tuesday？ 如果方便的话，我可以下周二到办公室拜访你吗？
②may表示祝福与愿望，多用于书面语中，构成“may＋you/名词＋动词原形＋...”句型。
May you have a good journey！
祝你旅途愉快！
名师点津
“may well＋动词原形”表示“很可能”；may/might as well do sth表示“不妨做某事”。
He may well be surprised at the result.
他很可能会对这个结果感到意外。
To start with， you might as well learn to speak English.
首先，你最好学会说英语。
（4）shall 的用法
①shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中时，表示征求意见。
—Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight？
—Don’t bother.I’ll drive her there.
——我要给Sarah订今天晚上去机场的出租车吗？
——不用麻烦了。我会开车送她去的。
②用于第二、三人称的陈述句时，往往表示给对方（you）或第三者（he、 she、 they）以允诺、命令、决心、警告或威胁等，在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。
You shall fail if you don’t work harder.
如果你不再努力点儿，你就会失败。（警告）
Each citizen shall carry his ID card when travelling.
旅游时每个市民务必带上身份证。（规定）
（5）should/ought to 的用法
①ought to和should意为“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。
I should help her because she is in trouble.
她遇到麻烦了，我应该帮助她。
②表示劝告、建议和命令。should、 ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
You should/ought to go to class right away in case you are late.
你应该立刻去上课，以免迟到。
③should表示惊讶、赞叹或不满，意为“竟然”。
It’s strange that he should speak to his mother in such a rude manner.真奇怪，他竟然用这样粗鲁的态度跟他的母亲说话。
【即时演练2】 用适当的情态动词填空
①You as well walk outside with your friends or take some exercise.
② we go there together this Friday afternoon？
③ you have a pleasant journey home and welcome to China again.
④I have realised that I be responsible for not only myself， but also for the society.
（6）will/would 的用法
①will表示“意愿，意志”，would表示过去时间的“意愿，意志”。
I promise I will do my best to provide best service for the City Games.
我许诺我会尽最大努力为城市运动会提供最好的服务。
I told her to stop crying， but she just wouldn’t listen.
我告诉她别哭，但是她不愿意听。
②表示征求意见或提出请求，主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。
If I send back the wrong shoes， will your company pay for the postage？
如果我把有问题的鞋发回去，你们公司可以付邮费吗？
③will表示某种倾向或习惯性动作，意为“总会，老是”；would表示过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
Fish will die without water.
没有水，鱼会死去。
During the vacation， he would visit me every other day.
在假期中，他每隔一天来看我一次。
名师点津
would与used to的区别：
（1）would表示过去经常性且反复发生的动作，没有与现在对比的含义。
When we were young， we would go swimming every summer.
当我们小的时候，我们每年夏天都会去游泳。
（2）used to表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，且现在已终止，强调今昔对比。
People used to believe that the Earth was flat.
过去，人们总以为地球是扁平的。（现在已不再这样认为）
（7）need/dare 的用法
①need表示必要性，意为“需要”，dare意为“敢于”；need和dare作情态动词时，常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无人称和数的变化，疑问句和否定句中不加助动词。
You needn’t come here this afternoon.
你今天下午不必来这里。
How dare you say I’m unfair？
你怎么敢说我不公平？
②need和dare用作实义动词时，有词形变化。在否定句、疑问句中要加助动词。
You don’t need to hurry.You have enough time.你不必着急。你有足够的时间。
He doesn’t dare （to） answer.他不敢回答。
Do you need a dictionary？
你需要一本词典吗？
How did you dare （to） tell her？
你怎么敢告诉她了？
【即时演练3】 用适当的情态动词填空
①He go to the river nearby to fish on weekends when he was young.
②—Sorry， I forgot to tell John about your party.
—It doesn’t matter.I call him in a while.
③Many people were standing around watching with sympathy， but no one to help him up.
④You to get rid of the habit of drinking cola only.
3.情态动词表示推测
（1）must表示有把握的推测，只用于肯定句中，意为“一定，肯定”。
I think we must have taken a wrong turning somewhere.
我觉得我们一定是在什么地方拐错了路。
I’m sure that you must be concerned about Robert the moment you left for London.
我确信你一去伦敦就会很担心罗伯特。
（2）can/could表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句中。can比could语气强。
He must be at home； he can’t still be in the office at such a late hour.
他一定在家，他这么晚一定不会在办公室。
名师点津
can表示客观可能性（理论上或是逻辑判断上），意为“可能会”。
It can be rather hot in our hometown in March.
在我们家乡三月份可能会很热。
（3）may/might意为“可能，也许”，指可能性小的猜测。might比may语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。
He may be at home， but I am not sure.
他或许在家，但是我不确定。
I tell my mom that if we’re forced to eat things， we may become ill.
我告诉我妈妈，如果我们被迫吃东西，我们可能会生病。
（4）should表示推测，暗含很大的可能，意为“应该，理应”。
It’s 4：30.They should be in New York by now.
现在是四点半，他们应该到达纽约了。
【即时演练4】 用适当的情态动词填空
①It is usually warm in winter in the south， but it be cold and even have snow sometimes.
②I am sure that you be very interested in the activities at the party.
③Jack not be in the reading room now.Because I saw him in the office just now.
④According to the weather report， it rain tomorrow.
4.情态动词＋have done
（1）must have done表示对过去的肯定推测，意为“过去肯定……”。
It must have rained last night， for the road was quite wet.
昨晚肯定下雨了，因为路面十分潮湿。
（2）can’t/couldn’t have done表示对过去的否定推测，意为“过去不可能做了……”。
He couldn’t have known the decision， but someone told him.
他一定不知道这个决定，但是有人告诉他了。
（3）could have done意为“本来能够做而没做”。
You could have made greater progress， but you didn’t try your best.你本来能够取得更大的进步，但是你并没有尽全力。
（4）may/might （not） have done 意为“可能（没有）做过某事”。
You may have lost your wallet when you were shopping in the market.
你或许是在市场买东西的时候丢了钱包。
（5）should （not）/ought （not） to have done意为“本来该做而没做/本来不该做而做了”。
You should have come to school if you were really serious about your study.
要是你真的认真对待学习的话，你本应该来上学的。
（6）needn’t have done意为“本来不必做却做了”。
You needn’t have telephoned him， for he had known the result.
你本不必打电话给他，因为他已经知道了结果。
【即时演练5】 完成句子
①It was an easy test and he ， but he didn’t.
那个测试很容易，他本来应该通过的，但却没有。
②She ， but I’m not sure.
她可能买了那本词典，但我不确定。
③You the Chongyang Festival， but it is actually my favourite.
你或许从没听说过重阳节，但实际上这是我最喜欢的节日。
④You ， for the zoo is open to the public free of charge these days.
你本没必要订票的，因为这几天动物园免费向公众开放。
二、过去将来时
1.过去将来时的用法和基本结构
过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。过去将来时的基本结构是“would＋动词原形”，否定式是在would后加not。
Then， I realised something terrible would happen.
那时，我意识到糟糕的事情将要发生。
My brother told me that he would come back on Saturday.
我哥哥告诉我他周六回来。
2.过去将来时的其他表示方法
（1）“was/were going to＋动词原形”表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作，常用于口语中，表示预言、意图或打算等。
I was going to play basketball， but in the end I went to the cinema.
我打算去打篮球，但是最后我去看电影了。
He was going to start work the following week.他打算下星期开始工作。
（2）was/were about to do意为“刚要/正要做……”，常用来表示过去即将发生的动作，不与任何时间状语连用。
When we were about to leave， the children waved their hands and thanked us for our kindness.我们正要离开的时候，孩子们挥舞着双手，感谢我们的好意。
（3）start、 go、 come、 leave、 see、 meet等动词可用过去进行时，表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。
I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine.
我刚穿上长大衣要去看我的一个朋友。
（4）was/were to do表示“曾计划做某事”；如果表示“本来计划做某事，但是没实现”，则用was/were to have done。
Last night， my classmates and I heatedly discussed the trip our class were to take at the weekend.昨晚，我和同学们热烈地讨论了我们班计划在周末进行的旅行。
【即时演练6】 单句语法填空
①She said the bus （leave） at five the next morning.
②I wasn’t sure whether he （lend） me his book the next morning.
③At that time he did not know that quitting the job （become） the turning point in his life.
④He said he （visit） China the next week.
⑤In his introduction， he made it clear that our credit （be） hard-earned.
intention n.打算；计划；意图；目的
【用法】
（1）with the intention of 目的是…… have no intention of doing sth 无意做某事 （2）intend vt. 计划；打算 intend to do sth 打算/想要做某事 （3）be intended to do ... 为了做…… be intended for ... 专门为……而设计的
【佳句】 He returned with the intention of spending New Year with his family.
他为了和家人共度新年而回来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The （intend） of the activity is to make us aware of the importance of environmental protection.
②I intend （go） with you as I have great interest in the lecture about cultural differences.
【写美】 完成句子
③The Chinese Summer Camp， ， is going to be held in our school.专门针对国际学生的中文夏令营将在我们学校举办。
in case 以防；以防万一
【教材原句】 In case it happens to you on a trip abroad， what should you do？
如果你出国旅行时遇到这种情况，你该怎么办？
【用法】
in case of 万一；如果发生…… in this/that case 在这种/那种情况下 in any case 无论如何 in no case 决不（置于句首时，引起部分倒装） as is often the case 这是常有的事
【佳句】 Aware of the mission， I made up my mind to return and get the work done in case of my father’s punishment.意识到这一使命，我下定决心回来完成工作，以防受到父亲的惩罚。
【练透】 用case的相关短语填空
① ， old people are fond of talking about good old days.
② it rains， the sports meeting will be postponed till the first fine day.
【写美】 完成句子
③ the students from exploring new ideas.
我们决不能阻止学生对新想法进行探索。
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）能力 请求 许可 禁止 意愿 义务和需要
（2）would＋do
即时演练1
①Could ②must ③can ④must ⑤can
即时演练2
①may/might ②Shall ③May ④should
即时演练3
①would ②will ③dared ④need
即时演练4
①can ②must ③can ④may
即时演练5
①should have passed ②may have bought the dictionary
③might have never heard of ④needn’t have booked the ticket
即时演练6
①was leaving ②would lend ③was to become
④was going to visit ⑤would be
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①intention ②to go ③which is intended for international students
2.①As is often the case ②In case ③In no case should we prevent
8 / 8(共101张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Discovering Useful Structures
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
1
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
情态动词和过去将来时
①Oliver believes that with a million-pound bank note a man could live a
month in London.
②Young man， would you step inside a moment， please？
③May we ask what you’re doing in this country and what your plans
are？
④Well， you mustn’t worry about that.
⑤Now if you’ll excuse me， I ought to be on my way.
⑥The two gentlemen had been having a heated argument for a couple of
days， and had decided to make a bet which would settle their argument.
【我的发现】
（1）句①中的could 表示 ；句②中的would表示 ；
句③中的May表示 ；句④中的mustn’t表示 ；
句⑤中的will表示 ；ought to表示 。
（2）过去将来时的基本结构是 （如句⑥）。
能力
请求
许可
禁止
意愿
义务和需要
would＋do
一、情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的词义，通常与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示
说话人对某一动作或状态的态度或主观设想。
1. 基本特征
（1）在意义上，情态动词有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，需
和实义动词或系动词一起作谓语。
（2）在形式上，情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化（be able to、
have to 除外）。
（3）在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，其后需接动词原形，构
成谓语动词。
2. 情态动词的主要表意功能
（1）can/could 的用法
①表示能力，意为“能，会”；could主要指过去的能力。
Everyone can play a part in reducing waste.
每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用。
You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。
②表示请求或许可。
当请求允许做某事时，两者均可用，但could语气更委婉。当
表示允许某人做某事时，一般要用can，而不用could。
—Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning？
—Yes， you can.
——我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗？
——是的，可以。
③表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度时，意为“怎么能，怎么会”，主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，用could时语气较委婉。
How can you stay so calm after such a hot argument？
在如此激烈的争论之后，你怎么还能保持如此冷静？
名师点津
can与be able to的区别：
（1）can只能用在一般现在时，而be able to可用于更多的时态。
He will be able to tell you the news soon.
他将能够很快就告诉你这个消息。
（2）表示过去特定的能力或经过努力才具备的能力，只能用be able
to。
I talked with her for a long time， and finally I was able to make
her believe me.
我和她谈了很长时间，最终，我让她相信了我。
（2）must 的用法
表示现在或将来必须要做某事，多是出于义务、责任或强制命
令，指说话人的主观意志。
We must promote our environmental awareness and behave
ourselves.
我们必须提高环保意识，并规范我们的行为。
（2023·全国甲卷）She teaches that people must take responsibility
for saving the environment.
她教育人们必须承担拯救环境的责任。
名师点津
（1）回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，则不能用
mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to。
—Must we hand in our English exercise books？
—Yes， you must.（No， you don’t have to./No， you
needn’t.）
——我们必须交英语练习册吗？
——是的，你必须要交。（不，你不必）。
（2）must用于疑问句中，可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感彩，意
为“偏要，硬要”。mustn’t的意思是“禁止”，而不是“不
必”。
Must you interrupt me now？Can’t you see I’m on the phone？
你非要现在打断我吗？难道你没看见我在打电话吗？
【即时演练1】 用适当的情态动词填空
① you please be kind enough to tell me something about that？
②Life is full of choices， so we think clearly before making a
decision.
③I’m not a trained musician， but I’ve learnt to read music so
I help Maria in her performance.
④Tom， you not leave all your clothes on the floor like this！
⑤I sincerely hope you accept my invitation.
Could
must
can
must
can
（3）may/might 的用法
①表示请求时，两者都可用，只是might表示的语气较委婉（但
并不表示过去）；表示许可时，通常要用may而不用might。
If it is convenient， may/might I pay you a visit at your office next
Tuesday？
如果方便的话，我可以下周二到办公室拜访你吗？
②may表示祝福与愿望，多用于书面语中，构成“may＋you/名
词＋动词原形＋...”句型。
May you have a good journey！
祝你旅途愉快！
名师点津
“may well＋动词原形”表示“很可能”；may/might as well do sth表
示“不妨做某事”。
He may well be surprised at the result.
他很可能会对这个结果感到意外。
To start with， you might as well learn to speak English.
首先，你最好学会说英语。
（4）shall 的用法
①shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中时，表示征求意见。
—Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight？
—Don’t bother.I’ll drive her there.
——我要给Sarah订今天晚上去机场的出租车吗？
——不用麻烦了。我会开车送她去的。
②用于第二、三人称的陈述句时，往往表示给对方（you）或第
三者（he、 she、 they）以允诺、命令、决心、警告或威胁等，
在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。
You shall fail if you don’t work harder.
如果你不再努力点儿，你就会失败。（警告）
Each citizen shall carry his ID card when travelling.
旅游时每个市民务必带上身份证。（规定）
（5）should/ought to 的用法
①ought to和should意为“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比
should语气重。
I should help her because she is in trouble.
她遇到麻烦了，我应该帮助她。
②表示劝告、建议和命令。should、 ought to可通用，但在疑问
句中常用should。
You should/ought to go to class right away in case you are late.
你应该立刻去上课，以免迟到。
③should表示惊讶、赞叹或不满，意为“竟然”。
It’s strange that he should speak to his mother in such a rude manner.
真奇怪，他竟然用这样粗鲁的态度跟他的母亲说话。
【即时演练2】 用适当的情态动词填空
①You as well walk outside with your friends or take some
exercise.
② we go there together this Friday afternoon？
③ you have a pleasant journey home and welcome to China
again.
④I have realised that I be responsible for not only myself，
but also for the society.
may/might
Shall
May
should
（6）will/would 的用法
①will表示“意愿，意志”，would表示过去时间的“意愿，意志”。
I promise I will do my best to provide best service for the City
Games.
我许诺我会尽最大努力为城市运动会提供最好的服务。
I told her to stop crying， but she just wouldn’t listen.
我告诉她别哭，但是她不愿意听。
②表示征求意见或提出请求，主要用于第二人称的疑问句
中，will和would均可用，would此时不表示过去，而是表示
委婉语气。
If I send back the wrong shoes， will your company pay for the
postage？
如果我把有问题的鞋发回去，你们公司可以付邮费吗？
③will表示某种倾向或习惯性动作，意为“总会，老是”；
would表示过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
Fish will die without water.
没有水，鱼会死去。
During the vacation， he would visit me every other day.
在假期中，他每隔一天来看我一次。
名师点津
would与used to的区别：
（1）would表示过去经常性且反复发生的动作，没有与现在对比
的含义。
When we were young， we would go swimming every summer.
当我们小的时候，我们每年夏天都会去游泳。
（2）used to表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，且现在已终
止，强调今昔对比。
People used to believe that the Earth was flat.
过去，人们总以为地球是扁平的。（现在已不再这样认为）
（7）need/dare 的用法
①need表示必要性，意为“需要”，dare意为“敢于”；need和
dare作情态动词时，常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无人称
和数的变化，疑问句和否定句中不加助动词。
You needn’t come here this afternoon.
你今天下午不必来这里。
How dare you say I’m unfair？
你怎么敢说我不公平？
②need和dare用作实义动词时，有词形变化。在否定句、疑问句
中要加助动词。
You don’t need to hurry.You have enough time.
你不必着急。你有足够的时间。
He doesn’t dare （to） answer.
他不敢回答。
Do you need a dictionary？
你需要一本词典吗？
How did you dare （to） tell her？
你怎么敢告诉她了？
①He go to the river nearby to fish on weekends when he
was young.
②—Sorry， I forgot to tell John about your party.
—It doesn’t matter.I call him in a while.
would
will
【即时演练3】 用适当的情态动词填空
③Many people were standing around watching with sympathy， but
no one to help him up.
④You to get rid of the habit of drinking cola only.
dared
need
3. 情态动词表示推测
（1）must表示有把握的推测，只用于肯定句中，意为“一定，肯
定”。
I think we must have taken a wrong turning somewhere.
我觉得我们一定是在什么地方拐错了路。
I’m sure that you must be concerned about Robert the moment
you left for London.
我确信你一去伦敦就会很担心罗伯特。
（2）can/could表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句
中。can比could语气强。
He must be at home； he can’t still be in the office at such a
late hour.
他一定在家，他这么晚一定不会在办公室。
名师点津
can表示客观可能性（理论上或是逻辑判断上），意为“可能会”。
It can be rather hot in our hometown in March.
在我们家乡三月份可能会很热。
（3）may/might意为“可能，也许”，指可能性小的猜测。might比
may语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。
He may be at home， but I am not sure.
他或许在家，但是我不确定。
I tell my mom that if we’re forced to eat things， we may become ill.
我告诉我妈妈，如果我们被迫吃东西，我们可能会生病。
（4）should表示推测，暗含很大的可能，意为“应该，理应”。
It’s 4：30.They should be in New York by now.
现在是四点半，他们应该到达纽约了。
【即时演练4】 用适当的情态动词填空
①It is usually warm in winter in the south， but it be cold
and even have snow sometimes.
②I am sure that you be very interested in the activities at
the party.
③Jack not be in the reading room now.Because I saw him
in the office just now.
④According to the weather report， it rain tomorrow.
can
must
can
may
4. 情态动词＋have done
（1）must have done表示对过去的肯定推测，意为“过去肯
定……”。
It must have rained last night， for the road was quite wet.
昨晚肯定下雨了，因为路面十分潮湿。
（2）can’t/couldn’t have done表示对过去的否定推测，意为“过
去不可能做了……”。
He couldn’t have known the decision， but someone told him.
他一定不知道这个决定，但是有人告诉他了。
（3）could have done意为“本来能够做而没做”。
You could have made greater progress， but you didn’t try
your best.
你本来能够取得更大的进步，但是你并没有尽全力。
（4）may/might （not） have done 意为“可能（没有）做过某事”。
You may have lost your wallet when you were shopping in the
market.
你或许是在市场买东西的时候丢了钱包。
（5）should （not）/ought （not） to have done意为“本来该做而
没做/本来不该做而做了”。
You should have come to school if you were really serious about
your study.
要是你真的认真对待学习的话，你本应该来上学的。
（6）needn’t have done意为“本来不必做却做了”。
You needn’t have telephoned him， for he had known the result.
你本不必打电话给他，因为他已经知道了结果。
【即时演练5】 完成句子
①It was an easy test and he ， but he didn’t.
那个测试很容易，他本来应该通过的，但却没有。
②She ， but I’m not sure.
她可能买了那本词典，但我不确定。
③You the Chongyang Festival， but it is
actually my favourite.
你或许从没听说过重阳节，但实际上这是我最喜欢的节日。
④You ， for the zoo is open to the
public free of charge these days.
你本没必要订票的，因为这几天动物园免费向公众开放。
should have passed
may have bought the dictionary
might have never heard of
needn’t have booked the ticket
二、过去将来时
1. 过去将来时的用法和基本结构
过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状
态，常用在宾语从句中。过去将来时的基本结构是“would＋动词
原形”，否定式是在would后加not。
Then， I realised something terrible would happen.
那时，我意识到糟糕的事情将要发生。
My brother told me that he would come back on Saturday.
我哥哥告诉我他周六回来。
2. 过去将来时的其他表示方法
（1）“was/were going to＋动词原形”表示过去将要发生或很有可
能发生的动作，常用于口语中，表示预言、意图或打算等。
I was going to play basketball， but in the end I went to the
cinema.
我打算去打篮球，但是最后我去看电影了。
He was going to start work the following week.
他打算下星期开始工作。
（2）was/were about to do意为“刚要/正要做……”，常用来表示
过去即将发生的动作，不与任何时间状语连用。
When we were about to leave， the children waved their hands
and thanked us for our kindness.
我们正要离开的时候，孩子们挥舞着双手，感谢我们的好意。
（3）start、 go、 come、 leave、 see、 meet等动词可用过去进行
时，表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。
I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine.
我刚穿上长大衣要去看我的一个朋友。
（4）was/were to do表示“曾计划做某事”；如果表示“本来计划
做某事，但是没实现”，则用was/were to have done。
Last night， my classmates and I heatedly discussed the trip our
class were to take at the weekend.
昨晚，我和同学们热烈地讨论了我们班计划在周末进行的
旅行。
【即时演练6】 单句语法填空
①She said the bus （leave） at five the next morning.
②I wasn’t sure whether he （lend） me his book the
next morning.
③At that time he did not know that quitting the job
（become） the turning point in his life.
④He said he （visit） China the next week.
⑤In his introduction， he made it clear that our credit
（be） hard-earned.
was leaving
would lend
was to become
was going to visit
would be
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
intention n.打算；计划；意图；目的
【用法】
（1）with the intention of 目的是……
have no intention of doing sth 无意做某事
（2）intend vt. 计划；打算
intend to do sth 打算/想要做某事
（3）be intended to do ... 为了做……
be intended for ... 专门为……而设计的
【佳句】 He returned with the intention of spending New Year with his
family.
他为了和家人共度新年而回来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The （intend） of the activity is to make us aware of the
importance of environmental protection.
②I intend （go） with you as I have great interest in the lecture
about cultural differences.
intention
to go
【写美】 完成句子
③The Chinese Summer Camp，
， is going to be held in our school.
专门针对国际学生的中文夏令营将在我们学校举办。
which is intended for international
students
in case 以防；以防万一
【教材原句】 In case it happens to you on a trip abroad， what should
you do？
如果你出国旅行时遇到这种情况，你该怎么办？
【用法】
in case of 万一；如果发生……
in this/that case 在这种/那种情况下
in any case 无论如何
in no case 决不（置于句首时，引起部分倒装）
as is often the case 这是常有的事
【佳句】 Aware of the mission， I made up my mind to return and get
the work done in case of my father’s punishment.
意识到这一使命，我下定决心回来完成工作，以防受到父亲的惩罚。
【练透】 用case的相关短语填空
① ， old people are fond of talking about good old
days.
② it rains， the sports meeting will be postponed till the first
fine day.
As is often the case
In case
【写美】 完成句子
③ the students from exploring new
ideas.
我们决不能阻止学生对新想法进行探索。
In no case should we prevent
3
课时检测 · 提能力
培育学科素养
维度一：基础题型练
用适当的情态动词或所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. When he was young， he climb the small hill every
morning.
2. If you can pass the driving test， you get a new car.
3. She have been caught in the heavy traffic.If so， she
won’t arrive here by five o’clock.
would
shall
may/might
4. I have reached a point in my career where I to decide which
way to go.
5. The report is written after careful investigation.So it be
reliable.
6. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniforms
while at school.
7. It is not a problem whether we win the battle； it’s just a
matter of time.
8. He said that if it didn’t rain he （go） to the park.
need
should
shall
can
would go
9. Despite all our efforts to persuade him， he still not change
his mind to quit his job.
10. Adapting to a new culture can be difficult.However， you
to step out of your comfort zone.
would
need
维度二：语法与写作
1. I was annoyed at him because he
himself.
我很生他的气，因为他本应该好好照顾自己的。
2. Earlier this week， he told me he London.
这星期早些时候他对我说他要去伦敦。
3. She ， because she wears a bright smile
on her face.
她一定赢了这场比赛，因为她脸上挂着灿烂的笑容。
should have taken good care of
was leaving for
must have won the game
4. We were told that the plane in ten minutes.
我们被告知飞机十分钟后就要起飞了。
5. I still remember my happy childhood when my grandma
at weekends.
我仍然记得我快乐的童年，在周末我奶奶常常带我去公园。
6. He said he would leave tomorrow.He
so early.
他说他明天离开。他不可能这么早就退房了。
was taking off
would take
me to the park
couldn’t have checked out
维度三：语法填空
用适当的情态动词完成下面短文。
Miss Fang 1. （not） read for very long with her eyes
hurt.Her mother told her that she 2. go to hospital and see a
doctor.“You 3. see a doctor as soon as possible，” her
mother said.“You 4. have poor eyesight.”
When Miss Fang had free time， she went to hospital.The clerk said
that the doctor 5. see her at 3：30 p.m.
couldn’t
should
should
may/might
could
Miss Fang replied that she 6. not be able to be there at 3：
30 p.m.because she had a class then.“The doctor 7. see
you at about ten to four，” the clerk suggested.“8. I arrange
the examination at about ten to four， or 9. you rather come
tomorrow？”
Miss Fang thought she 10. （not） waste any more
time.The teacher shouldn’t be unhappy if she asked for permission to
leave the class a little earlier， as he was always so kind to everyone.And
she replied， “I think I 11. make it at about ten to four.”
would
may/might
Shall
would
shouldn’t
can
Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher，
“12. I leave at 3：45 p.m.today？ My eyes hurt
and I 13. have an eye examination.” As expected， the teacher
said， “Yes， of course you 14. .”
May/Can/Could
must
can/may
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·徐州高一下期末）The habit of thrift （节俭） was acquired
by every one of Father’s family.In all his life， he never gave me a
nickel.As a boy， I did not approve of his policy.He never lost an
opportunity to tell me where and when I could earn some money.As a
result of his warning， I frequently worked for neighbours with the
understanding that I was to have every penny I earned.Father rarely
borrowed from my savings.When he did，
he never failed to keep his promise for payment.He never offered any
advice， unless asked， as to how I was to invest my earnings.If I
invested and lost， he remarked， “This is part of your experience.Live
and learn.”I thought then that he was unpleasant and unsympathetic.I
know better now.
Today we have “thrift days” and all sorts of devices for
encouraging economy.To be frank about the matter， we have given up
the very core of thrift.By that I mean the earning factor.In Father’s
view， earning was a necessity.Someone has said that desire and necessity
are the dynamic forces in social progress.Wealthy parents continue to hope
against hope in their attempt to encourage thrift as a habit.In every middle
school， college and university， the students who experience work are
the only ones who really know the meaning of thrift.
A progressive doctrine of thrift involves earning， saving and
spending.This cannot be taught in the classroom.Thrift is not a lone
virtue； it is vitally related to all the other fundamental virtues.My habit
of thrift gives me a strong hatred for waste.Millions of people in the world
suffer from the lack of necessary food， clothing and shelter.The waste of
the rich would， if put into use， meet the need of millions in poverty.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者小时候就养成了节俭的习
惯，他认识到节俭是一种美德，那些通过勤工俭学的学生对节俭的
生活有着深刻的认识。作者希望富人们减少浪费，帮助世界上千千
万万的穷困人民。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者小时候就养成了节俭的习
惯，他认识到节俭是一种美德，那些通过勤工俭学的学生对节俭的
生活有着深刻的认识。作者希望富人们减少浪费，帮助世界上千千
万万的穷困人民。
1. Why did the author have to work when he was young？（ ）
A. His father never gave him a nickel.
B. His father urged him to earn money on his own.
C. He had the desire to earn money on his own.
D. His father often borrowed money from his savings.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的He never lost an
opportunity to tell me where and when I could earn some money.可
知，作者的父亲总是不失时机地告诉他在哪里以及何时可以赚到
钱，也就是说，作者的父亲经常督促他独立工作去挣钱。
2. What is the author’s understanding of his father’s remark now？
（ ）
A. His father didn’t care about his investment.
B. Going through failure before you finally succeed.
C. His father was angry when he failed in investment.
D. It is natural that one should fail at the beginning.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的Live and learn.和I know
better now.可知，作者对父亲的这番话有了更好的理解，即从失败
中获得教训，最后一定会取得成功。
3. What is the core of thrift according to the author？（ ）
A. Working and earning.
B. Desire and necessity.
C. Living in a simple way with little money.
D. Making use of everything and never wasting.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的By that I mean the earning
factor.可知，作者举了学生勤工俭学的例子说明节俭的核心在于通
过劳动获得收入。
4. Why does the author mention the people in poverty in the last
paragraph？（ ）
A. To advocate the virtue of thrift.
B. To tell us that thrift can get rid of poverty.
C. To call on the wealthy to help the poor.
D. To call on the rich to stop wasting things.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者认为如
果把富人们浪费的东西充分利用起来，就可以满足大量穷人的需
求。由此推断，作者呼吁富人停止浪费，这样就可以拯救无数在穷
困中挣扎的人。
B
（2024·山东六校高一下联考）An Atlanta mother is making her
kids work hard for their money.Instead of giving them an allowance，
Shaketha Marion McGregor is giving them actual job titles and duties.Her
innovative idea that she posted on Facebook has been shared over 114，
000 times.
In a selfie， the mother of three showed that she was now “hiring”
for three positions：laundry supervisor， lead housekeeper and kitchen
manager for her company called “This Mom Means Business”.The
photo also showed that she would be holding interviews for these jobs.The
applicants？Her three kids： Jahkeem， 13， Takeia， 10， and
Serinity， 6.
McGregor said the interviews went smoothly.To her surprise， the
youngest was the most professional.“Jahkeem almost laughed the entire
time， which caused me to laugh a lot， too.It was tons of fun.His only
questions were， ‘How much do I get paid？How often do I get paid？
And do I have to pay tax？’”
The kids have been handling the responsibilities of their new job
duties pretty well so far， though it has only been about a week.McGregor
says they’re anxiously awaiting their first paycheck.The mother said she
came up with the idea after she had to replace a lot of items she lost during
a tragedy.“We lost a lot of things last year in a house fire and I’ve been
really working hard to recover the things that we need，” McGregor
said.“And my kids continued to ask for things that they want so I figured
it would be best to have them earn it.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位母亲为了培养孩子们的理财
观，给他们实际的职务和职责，让他们通过付出劳动来赚取所需。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位母亲为了培养孩子们的理财观，
给他们实际的职务和职责，让他们通过付出劳动来赚取所需之物。
5. Why does the Atlanta mother conduct interviews？（ ）
A. To hire some people for her company.
B. To reduce her own pressure from work.
C. To let her kids earn money through labour.
D. To help her kids know how to save money.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，这位母亲让她的孩
子们努力工作来赚钱，所以她举办面试是为了让她的孩子们通
过劳动赚钱。
6. What do we know from the photo mentioned in Paragraph 2？（ ）
A. The way the kids do their duties.
B. The positions that may be applied for.
C. How the kids get along with each other.
D. How the kids compete for the jobs.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的In a selfie， the mother of
three showed that she was now “hiring” for three positions：laundry
supervisor， lead housekeeper and kitchen manager可知，这张自拍照
展示了孩子们可以应聘的职位。
7. Who performed best in the interview？（ ）
A. Takeia. B. Shaketha.
C. Jahkeem. D. Serinity.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的To her surprise， the
youngest was the most professional.可知，在面试过程中，最小的孩
子是最专业的，Serinity最小，所以Serinity在面试中表现最佳。
8. What happened to the family？（ ）
A. They suffered a fire.
B. They lost their home.
C. The father died in a tragedy.
D. They moved to a new city.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的We lost a lot of things
last year in a house fire可知，McGregor家里因为一场大火损失了很
多东西，所以McGregor家曾遭受过大火。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·重庆高一下月考）Thomas Edison once said，“There are
three types of people： There are those who think.There are those who
think they think.And then there are those who would rather die than
think.”
The great majority of people go through life without giving much
thought to who they are and how they got to where they are today.9.
（ ）， like a series of random events， with no explanations and few
connections between them.
But the fact is that your world is largely created by the thoughts you
think， and the things that you do as a result of your thinking.10.
（ ）.When you change your thinking， you change your life.
Your thought is creative.You determine what happens to you by the
thoughts you think， especially those thoughts that are charged with
emotion， either positive or negative.Your thoughts are like the computer
in a guided missile （导弹）.11.（ ）.
In a 2002 study at the University of Pennsylvania， 350，000 people
were interviewed to find out what they thought about most of the time.It
turned out that the top 10 percent， the happiest and most successful of
this group， thought about two things most of the time： what they
wanted and how to get it.12.（ ）.
The more that successful people thought about what they wanted and
how to get it， the more ideas and insights came to them.13.（ ），
which moved them faster and faster towards their goals.When they
achieved their goals， they felt happier， more motivated， and eager to
set even bigger and more challenging goals.
The foundation principle of all religions， philosophy，
psychology， and success is this： You become what you think about most
of the time.
A. As a result， life just happens to them
B. They lead you correctly to your target
C. Decide upon something that you really want
D. You will eventually become what you think about
E. These ideas motivated them to take even more actions
F. They thought about their goals and the actions they could take
G. When you improve your thinking， you improve your actions and
results
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。我们常听到一句名言：“我思故我
在。”作者认为，我们每时每刻的所思所想，会最终决定我们成为
什么样的人。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。我们常听到一句名言：“我思故我
在。”作者认为，我们每时每刻的所思所想，会最终决定我们成为
什么样的人。
9. A 上文指出：我们生活中大多人浑浑噩噩、很少思考，这样的结
果自然是漫无目的、随波逐流。故A项符合语境。
10. G 下句When you change your thinking， you change your life.暗
示我们G项符合语境，正好与其构成并列句。
11. B 上句指出：你的思想就像导弹里的计算机。计算机应该是为
导弹确定目标，我们的思想则是为我们的人生确定目标。故B项符合
语境，B项中的They指代上句中提到的Your thoughts。
12. F 上文介绍了2002年宾夕法尼亚大学的一项研究，受访者有35万
人，关注点是他们大多数时候在想什么。故F项符合语境。
13. E 上句指出：成功人士对他们想要什么以及如何得到它想得越
多，他们就会有更多的想法和见解。故E项符合语境，E项中的These
ideas正好与上句中的more ideas相呼应。
Ⅲ.完形填空
I always come across random acts of kindness in my life.Many years
ago， I was visiting Costa Rica when I found myself in a（n） 14
situation： my credit cards and bank cards went out of 15 abroad，
and I only had$5 to my name.
I had no way to get money.I didn’t know anybody in this country.I
only knew basic Spanish， and besides the cash the only possession I had
was a return ticket to my country in almost two 16 .Back then， there
was no such thing as mobile phones， and 17 email was very
limited.To find help， I decided to go to the 18 .With the only coins I
had， I headed to the bus terminal （终点站）， which 19 almost
the exact amount.About 4 hours later， I arrived at a village called Santa
Rosa Abajo.
I knocked door to door， 20 in my very poor Spanish that I was
a foreigner travelling in Costa Rica with no money but I 21 to stay
here for over ten days.I begged them for a 22 — such as cooking，
cleaning and looking after their kids.Everybody replied， “Oh my， but
so poor are we that we have no 23 food or space.Maybe you can try
the next 24 .” And they’d point me to another house.
25 ， I arrived at a Chinese restaurant.The owner of the
restaurant was very 26 .She gave me food and called the Red Cross to
come to rescue me.With the 27 of the Red Cross， I spent my
remaining days in Costa Rica.
This is one of the best trips I’ve ever had， because I realised that
when you’re in a position to be able to 28 help， it actually makes
you feel happy.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在哥斯达黎加无法使用信用卡
和银行卡，身上也没有多少现金，只好寻求帮助，最后终于在一家
中餐厅老板的帮助下，成功度过了在哥斯达黎加剩下的日子。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在哥斯达黎加无法使用信用卡
和银行卡，身上也没有多少现金，只好寻求帮助，最后终于在一家
中餐厅老板的帮助下，成功度过了在哥斯达黎加剩下的日子。
14. A. unusual B. confusing
C. awkward D. strange
解析： 根据下文可知，作者面临着一个尴尬的情形。
15. A. use B. fashion
C. control D. business
解析： 根据下文abroad， and I only had 5 to my name可知，作者当时在国外，因此不能使用银行卡和信用卡，只有5美元现金可用。
16. A. hours B. days
C. weeks D. months
解析： 根据下文可推知，作者差不多还要在哥斯达黎加停留
两周。
17. A. again B. even C. yet D. so
解析： 根据语境可知，此处用“甚至连电子邮件也非常有
限”来突出当时作者所处的艰难局面——无法求助国内的人。
18. A. city B. capital
C. town D. countryside
解析： 根据下文About 4 hours later， I arrived at a village called
Santa Rosa Abajo.可知，作者去了农村寻求帮助。
19. A. created B. earned
C. saved D. cost
解析： 此处是指买票去农村几乎花光了作者身上所有的钱。
20. A. explaining B. suggesting
C. apologising D. shouting
解析： 根据下文可知，这是作者敲当地村民的门时，向村民
们解释自己的情况。
21. A. managed B. needed
C. failed D. agreed
解析： 根据下文可知，作者需要在哥斯达黎加待十多天，因
此恳求帮村民工作，以此换取现金。
22. A. job B. meal C. room D. chance
解析： 根据下文such as cooking， cleaning and looking after
their kids可知，此处是指作者恳求帮村民工作来换取现金。
23. A. extra B. free C. fine D. basic
解析： 根据上文so poor are we可知，村民都很穷，没有额外
的食物或者住的地方。
24. A. time B. village
C. family D. thing
解析： 根据下文And they’d point me to another house.可推
知，村民说完后，指着另外一户人家，让作者去试试。
25. A. Luckily B. Naturally
C. Clearly D. Finally
解析： 根据上文作者向村民求助无果可知，此处是指作者最
后来到了一家中餐厅。
26. A. generous B. rich
C. outgoing D. confident
解析： 根据下文She gave me food and called the Red Cross to
come to rescue me.可知，中餐厅的老板非常慷慨。
27. A. help B. comfort
C. hope D. encouragement
解析： 根据上文中餐厅的老板给红十字会打电话和下文I spent
my remaining days in Costa Rica可知，有了红十字会的帮助，作者
度过了在哥斯达黎加剩下的日子。
28. A. need B. receive C. refuse D. give
解析： 根据上文作者的经历可知，此处指的是处于被帮助的
处境，即接受帮助的处境也会让人很快乐。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Carbon pricing （碳定价） is a policy tool to lower emissions of
carbon dioxide （CO2） and other greenhouse gases.Emissions are
produced when fossil fuels 29. （burn）.These emissions are the
main cause of climate change， 30. （result） in flooding， sea-
level rise， drought， heatwaves， and other costs to society.
The goal of carbon pricing 31. （be） to shift the responsibility
for these costs to those who produce the emissions.32. producers and
consumers have to pay for each ton of CO2 they emit， they have an
economic incentive （动机） 33. （shift） away from fossil fuels，
improve their energy efficiency， and invest in low-carbon technology.
In theory， a carbon price should be equal to the social cost of
carbon.For example， if one ton of CO2 emissions costs the public
$100， 34. should cost $100 to emit that ton of CO2.However， that
price is very hard to determine， so often carbon prices are instead set at
levels 35. policymakers think will help them meet certain emission or
temperature targets.
Many economists and policymakers consider carbon pricing one of
the best available 36. （tool） to fight against climate
change.That’s because carbon pricing can touch every part of the
economy.Rather than regulating 37. （exact） where and how
emissions should be reduced， carbon pricing gives markets the flexibility
to find the 38. （cheap） possible ways to lower emissions.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。为了控制碳排放，世界上很多国家
开始实施“碳定价”。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。为了控制碳排放，世界上很多国家
开始实施“碳定价”。
29. are burned 考查动词的时态和语态。这里表示化石燃料“被燃
烧”，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。
30. resulting 考查非谓语动词。这里是动词-ing形式作状语，表示一
种结果。
31. is 考查动词的时态。根据上下文可知，这里应用一般现在时。
32. When/If 考查连词。根据语境可知，这里应用从属连词When或If
引导该状语从句。
33. to shift 考查非谓语动词。这里应用动词不定式作后置定语，修
饰前面的名词incentive。
34. it 考查代词。这里it作形式主语，后面的动词不定式短语作真正
主语。
35. that/which 考查定语从句。这里应用关系代词that或which引导一
个定语从句，修饰前面的先行词 levels。
36. tools 考查名词的单复数。one of后面应用可数名词的复数形式。
37. exactly 考查副词。本空前面是一个动词，因此这里应用副
词形式。
38. cheapest 考查形容词的最高级。“the＋最高级＋possible”是一
种固定用法。例如：the best/biggest/fastest possible。
谢谢观看！
