Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.I happened to meet my f English teacher this morning， who I hadn’t seen for years.
2.Sometimes， we should focus more on the p and less on the result.
3.She is going to r useful rubbish to protect the environment.
4.Both sides consider it desirable to f the understanding between the two peoples.
5.His whole life is a fight against （贫穷） and unemployment.
6.There exists a wide range of different opinions among the （委员会） members.
7.The pollution caused by cars in some cities leads to （雾霾） and acid rain.
8.The local （居民） were angry at the lack of parking spaces.
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.The twin sisters are （entire） different in character.
2.The British once fought against （pollute） for more than fifty years and finally succeeded.
3.Due to the ruling of Spain in history， Spanish is the （office） language of Peru.
4.If she had been aware that the mushroom was （poison）， she would not have picked it back.
5.As a （consequent） of oversleeping this morning， I was late for school.
6.The production of coffee beans is a huge and （profit） business， but full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1.为了给钢琴腾出地方，他们把一张旧桌子丢弃了。（get rid of）
In order to make room for the piano， they .
2.一个穿着白色裙子的姑娘进来了，梳着两条长辫子。（完全倒装）
wearing a white skirt， with two long pigtails.
3.我爷爷尽管已经九十多岁了，仍然时不时地打打网球。 （even though引导让步状语从句）
My grandfather still plays tennis now and then， .
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There is an interview about the pollution in Norgate.James Smith， a local resident， has experienced the effects of pollution 1. person.Because of the bad air， he doesn’t enjoy outdoor activities and can’t get rid 2. a terrible cough.So he thinks heavy industry is 3. blame.
However， Vincent Brown says 4. defence of the factories that they are also concerned about the environment.They have been taking 5. （vary） measures to reduce pollution.
The Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is trying to achieve a balance between environmental protection and 6. （economy） development.It believes 7. （fight） pollution is a community-wide effort 8. which everyone should join.
In a word， environment and economy are 9. （separate）.It’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment while 10. （aim） for economic development.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in Dali City， Yunnan Province.It’s a famous attraction， as well as Dali’s main source of drinking water.
The lake used to be seriously polluted due to the rapid development of tourism and the local economy.In 2019， the local authorities began to build environmental protection system for the lake — the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor — to protect it from being polluted and to restore its natural ecosystem.
The project contains five parts： a 129km road encircling the entire lake， a pipe system to stop wastewater flowing into the lake， the relocation of 1，806 households who lived within the protection area of the lake， the restoration of the lake’s wetlands and ecosystem， and the construction of experimental fields for wetland-restoration research.
By the end of 2020， the road encircling the lake had been basically completed.A 12km section of the corridor has been open to the public for free since September 2020 for a test operation.The project， which is a public-private partnership， has a total investment of 9.8 billion yuan.Local authorities of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture and Dali City are the main sources of public funds.The corridor is described as a “pearl necklace” surrounding the lake， with the villages located along the shore of Erhai Lake being the “pearls”.These villages will benefit from the project economically， as they will be linked and gain access to enhanced transportation and tourism around the lake.
According to staff members of the project， the lake’s water quality has already improved a lot during the construction of the corridor.More migratory birds （候鸟） fly to the lake and there is less algae （海藻） in the water.It also provides a good place to exercise and go sightseeing for both the city’s residents and tourists.
1.Why was the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor built？（ ）
A.To treat wastewater. B.To protect wildlife.
C.To attract more tourists. D.To preserve local ecology.
2.Which of the following is involved in the project？（ ）
A.Removing wastewater from Erhai Lake.
B.Encouraging residents to settle around Erhai.
C.Conducting research into wetland restoration.
D.Promoting construction in the protection area.
3.What do we know about the “pearls” from Paragraph 4？（ ）
A.They focus on the pearl industry.
B.They provide tourism opportunities.
C.They bring benefits to the Erhai Lake.
D.They profit from the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor.
4.What do staff members think of the project？（ ）
A.It needs improving.
B.It works unexpectedly.
C.It turns out to be good.
D.It has advantages and disadvantages.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
5.（ ） They create carbon dioxide and shade.They provide shelter to animals and insects.The wood they provide is used for buildings and other products we humans use and need.
Trees are so important that some people have made it their goal to protect them.We can call these people “tree hugger”.It describes people who support the protection of forests.Today， the term “tree hugger” describes a person who is an environmentalist.6.（ ） For example， someone who wants to save a rare butterfly species or cut greenhouse gases could also be described as a tree hugger.
However， calling someone a “tree hugger” is not always seen as a praise.7.（ ） “Tree hugger” described someone who was overly concerned about protecting trees， animals and other parts of the natural world.
Some tree huggers do go to extremes to protect trees.Take， for example， an American woman named Julia Lorraine Hill.For 738 days from 10 December 1997 to 18 December 1999， Hill lived in Luna， a Redwood tree in northern California’s Humboldt County.Luna is huge， measuring nearly 61 meters tall and about 12 meters across， which has stood in Humboldt County for more than 1，000 years.8.（ ） So， Hill did what any extreme tree hugger would — she moved in！ As the website explains， Hill’s main goal was “to bring international attention to the importance of protecting and restoring natural resources”.So， we can safely call Hill a tree hugger.9.（ ）
A.Trees give so much to the world.
B.Human beings should all protect trees.
C.In earlier times， in fact， it was used as an insult （辱骂）.
D.And I’m sure that she would consider that the highest of praises.
E.They want to protect nature and the environment — but not just the trees.
F.Nowadays， the environmental problems are more serious than in the history.
G.But that did not stop the Pacific Lumber Company from wanting to cut it down.
Ⅲ.完形填空
No matter how big or small， there are just some moments when we could use a little grace.Fourth-grade teacher Rachel Harder recognizes this， and she found an 10 way to help out both her students and their 11 .
Rachel had a 12 with autism （自闭症） who often had tough days.To 13 her， Rachel told the student’s mom to 14 text her “handle with care” to let her 15 when it was going to be one of those days.
“When she would 16 me， I knew that her daughter needed some extra time and a 17 location， not the gym for morning announcements， 18 the rest of her day went smoothly，” Rachel said.
The simple method was such a 19 that Rachel decided to send all of her students home with a note for their parents.It explained what the “Handle with Care” system was and how they could 20 it.In no time， parents began to show their appreciation for Rachel’s wonderful act of 21 .
Word of the amazing system spread， and teachers across the country began giving it a 22 in their own classrooms.The feedback has been extremely positive！
Even though teachers can sometimes 23 when a student is having a tough day just by the way they’re acting， Rachel said these simple texts 24 educators to make small changes in advance that， in turn， make the whole day better for everyone.
10.（ ）A.affordable B.indirect
C.amazing D.interesting
11.（ ）A.friends B.families
C.partners D.neighbours
12.（ ）A.daughter B.workmate
C.sister D.student
13.（ ）A.support B.satisfy
C.control D.comfort
14.（ ）A.separately B.seriously
C.simply D.secretly
15.（ ）A.guess B.know
C.decide D.remember
16.（ ）A.text B.call
C.trust D.choose
17.（ ）A.quiet B.safe
C.familiar D.central
18.（ ）A.as if B.even if
C.now that D.so that
19.（ ）A.shame B.shock
C.success D.surprise
20.（ ）A.take care of B.take charge of
C.take hold of D.take advantage of
21.（ ）A.bravery B.kindness
C.generosity D.charity
22.（ ）A.try B.name
C.chance D.look
23.（ ）A.accept B.tell
C.expect D.change
24.（ ）A.warn B.teach
C.allow D.force
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Matt looked out the window of the car.Behind him was flat land， and ahead of him were purple mountains rising to the sky.He turned his head.“Why do I have to leave？”
His mom said， “Sweetie， I know you don’t want to go away for the summer.But I’ll be traveling for work and you can’t stay home alone.You’ll have fun with your grandparents.”
Matt lived with his mom in Nashville.He had been excited about spending the summer swimming at the pool and playing basketball with his friends at the court near their house.Instead， he was being shipped off to his grandparents’ house outside Erwin， Tennessee.
“Mom， what’s Erwin like？” Matt asked.
“It’s a beautiful town，” his mom said.“Behind your grandparents’ house is a creek （小河） where you can go fishing.There are also apple orchards （果园）.”
“Are there movie theaters？” Matt asked.“Swimming pools？”
His mom said， “You’ll have to ask your grandparents.There weren’t any the last time I was there， but maybe they’ve built some by now.”
Matt sank into his seat， very upset.Finally， before dark， the car pulled up in front of a wooden two-story house.Two people sat on the front porch （门廊）.As they rose， Matt saw how his grandparents moved slowly.They made their way to the car.
“Well，” Matt’s grandma said.“It’s good to meet you， Matt.” She pulled him into a hug.
At the dining room， Matt， his mom and his grandparents sat together for dinner.
“So， Grandpa，” said Matt.“What do kids do around here for fun？”
His grandpa looked at him.“Fun？ Well， they work.Or go fishing.”
Suddenly， Matt felt tears welling up in his eyes.This was going to be his summer.“Don’t cry in front of them，” he ordered himself.“Excuse me，” he said.“I’m tired.”
After he left the table， Matt heard his grandpa ask his mom， “Did I upset him？” There was a long silence and then his mom responded， “You have to understand him.Matt left his friends， his basketball team， everything to come here this summer.Just give him time.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
That night Matt heard Grandpa talk with Grandma about a basketball hoop （篮筐）.
Matt felt very moved.
Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
基础知识自测
维度一
1.former 2.process 3.recycle 4.further 5.poverty
6.committee 7.smog 8.residents
维度二
1.entirely 2.pollution 3.official 4.poisonous
5.consequence 6.profitable
维度三
1.got rid of the old desk
2.In came a girl
3.even though he’s in his nineties
维度四
1.in 2.of 3.to 4.in 5.various 6.economic 7.fighting
8.in 9.inseparable 10.aiming
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洱海生态廊道工程。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，建立洱海生态廊道的目的是保护洱海，修复自然生态系统。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，C项（开展湿地恢复研究）包含在该项目中。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，“珍珠”指的是洱海沿岸的村庄，这些村庄因该项目获得了更好的交通条件以及发展旅游业的机会，因此这些村庄受益于该项目。
4.C 观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，在廊道的建设过程中，洱海的水质及生态都有了提升，同时，廊道也成为当地居民以及外地游客进行锻炼、观光的好去处。由此推知，工作人员认为该项目被证明很好。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了支持保护森林的人——树木拥抱者，即我们今天的环保主义者。
5.A 空处位于句首，应是主旨句，根据空后内容可知，本段主要讲的是树木的好处，所填句应总述树木对于世界的好处。A项（树给了世界很多）概括全段，符合语境。
6.E 空前主要介绍树木拥抱者，空后举例说明tree hugger保护的不仅仅是树木，还有其他动植物和环境。所填句承上启下，E项（他们的保护对象不仅仅是树木，还有自然与环境）符合语境。E项中的They指代的就是上文提到的tree hugger。
7.C 根据空前一句可知，树木拥抱者最初并不是一个褒义词，根据空后一句可知，树木拥抱者指的是那些过分保护环境的人。所填句承上启下，讲的应是人们最初对于树木拥抱者的错误认识，C项符合语境。C项中的it指代的是上文提到的Tree hugger这一称呼。
8.G 空前举例讲述一些环保主义者的极端做法，空后一句讲的是希尔的极端做法。所填句承上启下，讲的应是导致希尔作出这一极端举动的原因。G项（但这并没有阻止太平洋木材公司想要砍伐它）符合语境，其中的that指代上文的For 738 days from 10 December 1997 to 18 December 1999， Hill lived in Luna这个事实。
9.D 空前As the website explains ...we can safely call Hill a tree hugger.讲的是社会对于希尔极端保护行为的看法，空处位于段末，应是对上文的总结。D项（我相信她会认为这是最高的赞扬）总结全段，符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位老师想出一种简单的方法来帮助学生更好地度过一天。
10.C 根据下文内容可知，Rachel老师找到了一种极好的方法来帮助她的学生及其家人，即让学生家长给她发送一条三个词的短信。第五段中的amazing system和第四段中的their parents分别是提示。
11.B 参见上题解析。
12.D 下句中的the student’s mom提示本空选择student，属于原词复现。
13.A 根据后半句Rachel told the student’s mom ...one of those days可知，Rachel让学生家长给她发短信是为了更好地帮助这个患有自闭症的学生。
14.C 根据空后的“handle with care”可知，学生的母亲只需要简单地给Rachel发送一条三个词的短信就可以了。第四段首句中的simple method也是提示。text作动词，意为“（用手机给某人）发短信”。
15.B 根据空前的text her “handle with care”可知，Rachel让学生家长给她发短信，好让她了解这个学生哪天状态不好，这样才能帮助该学生。下段首句中的knew也是提示。
16.A 上段中的text her提示本空选text，属于原词复现。
17.A 根据空后的not the gym for morning announcements可知，该学生需要的是一个安静的地方。
18.D 根据语境可知，句中her daughter needed ...location的目的是the rest of her day went smoothly。
19.C 根据空后的Rachel decided to send all of her students home with a note for their parents可知，这个简单的办法很成功，于是Rachel决定在班里推广。
20.D 根据句中的It explained what the “Handle with Care” system was 和下句中的In no time， parents began to show their appreciation可知，Rachel让学生带回家的便条解释了“Handle with Care”方法是什么以及家长可以如何利用它，以便家长使用。
21.B 根据上文内容可知，Rachel所做的事是帮助学生及其家长的善举。
22.A 根据句中的Word of the amazing system spread和下句The feedback has been extremely positive！可知，全国各地的老师开始在自己的教室里尝试这一方法。
23.B 根据句中的by the way they’re acting可知，老师有时可以通过学生的表现来看出他们这天是否过得不顺。tell意为“知道，辨别，判断”。
24.C 根据上文内容可知，一条简单的短信可以让老师提前作出一些小改变，从而让每个人的一整天都过得很好。
Ⅳ.
That night Matt heard Grandpa talk with Grandma about a basketball hoop （篮筐）.Matt was very curious about why Grandpa mentioned it suddenly.But because he was too tired after the journey， he fell asleep quickly， totally ignoring it.The next morning， Matt went outside to see the house in the daylight.Just beside his mom’s car was a basketball hoop.It hadn’t been there the night before.At that moment he realized that it was Grandpa who’d put that hoop up for him overnight.
Matt felt very moved.He went inside and found everyone at the breakfast table.He felt so sorry for his attitude the night before.He came up to his grandpa and hugged him， “Thank you， Grandpa.I like it very much.” His grandpa smiled， and asked him to sit.He told Matt there were some boys in the town， and he would invite them to come to play.Matt felt so happy that he had such considerate grandparents.
5 / 5Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
News that Matters①： pollution in Norgate
HOST：Good evening and welcome to News that Matters.Our topic today is pollution in Norgate.[1]Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith， a local resident②； Vincent Brown， senior manager of a local factory； and Julie Archer， chief③ of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee④. Welcome.
Norgate’s rapid development has had significant environmental costs⑤.Mr Smith， you’ve lived in this city for over 20 years.How would you describe the effects of pollution over that time？
SMITH：It’s been awful， really.When I first moved here， the air was fresh， the grass green and the water clear.Then heavy industry factories moved in， and things became entirely⑥ different.I don’t enjoy outdoor activities any more.The river is dirty and smelly.The smog⑦ in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey； [2]it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of⑧.For health and safety reasons alone， heavy industry has to go.
[1]该句主语较长，为了使句子平衡，将表语前置，使用完全倒装结构。a local resident， senior manager of a local factory， chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee分别作各自前面人名的同位语。
[2]句中that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a cough，that在从句中作宾语。
HOST：Mr Smith protested⑨ against heavy industry.Mr Brown， would you like to respond？
BROWN：Well， I’m sorry you feel that way， Mr Smith.People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible⑩ businessmen eager to make huge profits .[3]In defence of the factories， however， I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.I think I speak for all factory managers when I say we’re deeply concerned about the environment.[4]We’ve been taking various measures， including the use of new technologies， to reduce pollution in the production process ， even though these measures raise our production costs.I’d also like to draw your attention to the economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate.We’ve created many jobs for local residents and helped the city’s economy grow.
[3]that引导宾语从句，作动词短语point out的宾语；we produce是省略了关系代词that或which的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词pollution。
[4]该句主句使用了现在完成进行时。动词不定式短语to reduce pollution in the production process作目的状语。even though引导让步状语从句。
HOST：Thank you， Mr Brown.[5]With pollution levels on the rise， the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.Mrs Archer， what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution？
ARCHER：Well， our committee has a major role to play in maintaining air and water quality.We have to achieve a balance between environmental protection and economic development.We’ve made environmental policies for businesses to observe， like strict clean-up requirements.We also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies are followed in an environmentally friendly way.[6]However， fighting pollution isn’t just a task for factories and the government. It has to be a community-wide effort， and everyone can help by following the golden rule： reduce， reuse and recycle .For example， you can save energy by taking the bus or the subway ， or using the bike-sharing system .
[5]With复合结构在句中作状语，其结构为“with＋名词＋介词短语”。
[6]句中动词-ing形式短语fighting pollution作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
HOST：Thank you， Mrs Archer， and thanks again to all of our guests.A former UN official once said， “Saving our planet， lifting people out of poverty ， advancing economic growth ...these are one and the same fight.” The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable.[7] It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.[8]It’s our duty to leave a better， cleaner and healthier planet to our children.[9]It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future .
[7][8][9]三句均为“It is＋名词＋to do sth”句型，连在一起构成排比句式，加强语气；It是形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语。句[7]中的while引导时间状语从句。
【读文清障】
①News that Matters 《焦点新闻》
②resident n.居民，住户
a local resident 一位当地居民
③chief n.首领，最高领导人
adj.主要的；首席的
④committee n.委员会
the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee 诺盖特环境保护委员会
⑤cost n.费用，花费；成本
[生义] n.努力，代价，损失
⑥entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地
entire adj.完全的，全部的，完整的
⑦smog n.雾霾，烟雾
[助记]缩合构词法：smoke＋fog→smog雾霾，烟雾；breakfast＋lunch→brunch早午餐；motor＋hotel→motel汽车旅馆
⑧get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
get rid of smoking 戒烟
⑨protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n.抗议，反对
protest against 反对
⑩irresponsible adj.不负责任的
responsible adj.负责任的
profit n.利润，收益；好处
vi.& vt.获益，得到好处
make huge profits 获取巨大利润
defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
in defence of 为……作解释或辩护
various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的
take various measures 采取各种措施
process n.过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理
in the production process 在生产过程中
economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的
economic benefits 经济效益
economic growth/development 经济增长/发展
economy n.经济；节约
policy n.政策，方针；原则
make policies for 为……制定政策
branch n.（政府或机构）部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支
strategy n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署
development strategies 发展策略
environmentally friendly adj.环保的，环境友好的
recycle vt.回收利用，再利用
subway n.地铁；地下人行道
take the subway 乘地铁
the bike-sharing system 共享单车系统
former adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的
official n.官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的
a former UN official 一位联合国前官员
poverty n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏
lift people out of poverty 使人们摆脱贫困
live in poverty 生活在贫困之中
advance economic growth 促进经济增长
one and the same 意为“同一个（人或物）”，表示强调
a human community with a shared future 人类命运共同体
【参考译文】
《焦点新闻》：诺盖特市的污染
主持人：晚上好，欢迎收看《焦点新闻》。我们今天的话题是诺盖特市的污染。今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗，还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。欢迎你们。
诺盖特市的高速发展付出了高昂的环境代价。史密斯先生，您已经在这座城市生活了二十多年。您能说说这二十年间污染造成的影响吗？
史密斯：非常糟糕，真的。我刚搬来时，这里空气清新、草绿水清。后来重工业工厂迁来了，情况变得截然不同了。我再也不喜欢户外活动了。河水又脏又臭。空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，还让我患上了咳嗽， 老是不好。单是出于健康和安全的原因，重工业也必须迁走。
主持人：史密斯先生反对重工业。布朗先生，您想作出回应吗？
布朗：好吧，对于您那样的感受我很抱歉，史密斯先生。一提到工厂，人们总是将其与浓烟滚滚的画面和急于牟取暴利、不负责任的商人形象联系在一起。不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。我们对环境问题深感担忧。我想，我是代表所有的工厂负责人说的这句话。我们一直在采取
各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。我还希望您能注意到，这些工厂给诺盖特市带来的经济效益。我们为当地居民创造了许多就业岗位，并对这座城市的经济增长起到了助推作用。
主持人：谢谢您，布朗先生。鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。阿彻女士，您对如何处理污染问题有何见解？
阿彻：是的，我们委员会在维护空气质量和水质量方面发挥着重要作用。我们必须在环境保护与经济发展之间求得平衡。我们已经制定了供各行业遵守的环境政策，比如严格的净化要求。我们也与其他政府部门携手，确保以一种环境友好的方式贯彻发展战略。然而，与污染作斗争不仅仅是工厂与政府的任务，全社会必须共同努力，每个人都遵循减少使用、重复使用、循环利用的指导原则，就能尽一份力。打个比方，您可以乘坐公交车、地铁，或者使用共享单车来节约能源。
主持人：谢谢您，阿彻女士，再次感谢我们所有的嘉宾。一位联合国前官员曾经说过：“拯救地球，使人们摆脱贫困，促进经济增长……这些就是同一场战斗。”我们的环境与经济的命运休戚与共。在追求经济发展的同时保护环境，这是我们的责任。将一个更美好、更清洁、更健康的星球留给我们的后人，这是我们的责任。构建人类命运共同体，这是我们的责任。
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
News that Matters： pollution in Norgate
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What is News that Matters？（ ）
A.A magazine. B.A TV program.
C.An organization. D.A newspaper.
2.How was the environment more than twenty years ago？（ ）
A.Terrible. B.The same.
C.Excellent. D.Just so so.
3.What is the opinion of Vincent Brown？（ ）
A.Heavy industry should be moved out of the city.
B.The pollution is connected with factories.
C.Factories have done enough to protect the environment.
D.Fighting pollution is a task for all citizens.
4.What is the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee doing to solve the problem？（ ）
A.It tries to close all the factories to reduce pollution.
B.It believes factories and the government can solve the problem.
C.It insists a single person makes few contributions to the environment.
D.It is trying to balance economic development and environmental protection.
5.What can we infer from the passage？（ ）
A.Economy is the most important.
B.Environment and economy are separable.
C.All the people are not responsible for the environment.
D.We should not develop our economy at the cost of environment.
6.Which of the following is good for the environment？（ ）
A.Going to work by bus.
B.Driving private cars to work.
C.Buying as many new clothes as possible.
D.Throwing away old things when you don’t use them.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）形容词后缀-ous表示“具有……性质的，充满……的”
①variety→various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的
②caution→cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的
③envy→envious adj.羡慕的；忌妒的
④ambition→ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的；有志向的
⑤mystery→mysterious adj.神秘的；奇怪的
⑥religion→religious adj.宗教信仰的；宗教的
⑦fame→famous adj.著名的；出名的
（2）形容词后缀-ing表示“令人……的；具有……性质的”。
①live→living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的
②challenge→challenging adj.具有挑战性的
③freeze→freezing adj.严寒的，冰冻的
④touch→touching adj.动人的，感人的
⑤puzzle→puzzling adj.令人困惑不解的
⑥frighten→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
⑦convince→convincing adj.令人信服的
⑧astonish→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
（1）环境描写能够渲染气氛、烘托人物形象、渲染人物心理、推动故事情节发展、揭示或深化作品主题。
请从课文中找出有关环境描写的句子。
（2）排比句是把三个或三个以上句法结构相同或相似，意义相关的短语、句子或段落成串地排列在一起的修辞手法。
请从课文中找出一处排比句。
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉（强调动作）
【教材原句】 The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey； it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of.空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，还让我患上了咳嗽，老是不好。
【用法】
（1）be rid of 摆脱（强调状态） （2）rid vt.（rid， rid） 从……中除去（不喜欢的东西）；清除，免除；使（从……中）解放出来 rid sb/sth of ... 使某人/某物摆脱…… rid oneself of ... 摆脱……；从……中解脱
【佳句】 We got rid of the unnecessary items so as to make room for a study.我们扔掉了许多不需要的物品以便腾出地方作书房。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Maybe we should rid （we） of modern technology and return to simpler times.
②Dr Yuan devoted himself to ridding the world starvation.
【写美】 完成句子
③He attached himself to me at yesterday’s party and I .
在昨天的聚会上他老是缠着我，我简直无法摆脱他。
defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
【教材原句】 In defence of the factories， however， I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.
不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。
【用法】
（1）in defence 保卫；防守 in defence of 为了保卫；（为……）辩护 in one’s defence 为某人辩护；站在某人一边 （2）defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解 defend ...against/from （doing ...） 保护……免受…… defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护 （3）defensive adj. 防御的；保护的；保卫的
【佳句】 The woman rushed there without hesitation in defence of her children.
为了保护她的孩子们，这个妇女毫不犹豫地冲了过去。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①All our officers are trained to defend themselves knife attacks.
②When a dog attacked me， I defended （I） with a stick.
③When I was in danger， he came to my （defend）.
④The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died defence of their country.
【写美】 完成句子
⑤The wall was built to .
建造这道墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。
consequence n.结果，后果；重要性
【教材原句】 Consequences 后果
【用法】
（1）in consequence＝as a consequence （＝as a result） 因此；结果 in consequence of＝as a consequence of （＝as a result of） 由于，作为……的结果 serious consequences 严重的后果 suffer/face/take the consequences 面对/承担后果 （2）consequent adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的 consequently adv. 结果；因此
【佳句】 I prefer him to tell the truth no matter the consequences.
我想让他说出真相，无论结果如何。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①A severe earthquake struck the city， causing a （consequence） shortage of food.
②My car broke down and （consequent） I was late for the important meeting.
【写美】 完成句子
③Finally， the young man broke down great stress.
因为压力太大，最后那个年轻人垮掉了。
give rise to 使发生（或存在）；导致
【教材原句】 For example， in many parts of the world， the poor quality of the local drinking water gives rise to public health problems.
例如，在世界的许多地方，当地饮用水的质量低劣导致了公共卫生问题。
【用法】
（1）give rise to＝lead to＝bring about＝contribute to 导致 （2）give thought to 认真考虑，思考 give advice to 提供建议 give birth to 产生；分娩；引发；造成 give way to 让步；屈服 give off 放出（热、光、气味或气体） give up 放弃；投降
【佳句】 Eating too much sugar can give rise to health problems.吃太多的糖会引起健康问题。
【练透】 用give的相关短语填空
①He was what to do next.
②Actually for this kind of matter， I would not anyone.
③The drug is well tolerated and generally does not serious side effects.
【写美】 同义词替换
④The novel’s success contributed to a number of fans and profits.
→The novel’s success a number of fans and profits.
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：完全倒装
【教材原句】 Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith， a local resident；Vincent Brown， senior manager of a local factory； and Julie Archer， chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee.今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗，还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。
【用法】
全部谓语置于主语之前，称为完全倒装。本句中作表语的动词-ing形式短语Joining us in the studio tonight置于句首，使用了完全倒装。下列情况要使用完全倒装结构： （1）表语＋连系动词＋主语（表语为形容词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词等）。 （2）表示时间（now、 then等）、方向或方位的副词（here、 there、 up、 down、 in、 out、 away、 off、 inside、 outside等），以及表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子要用完全倒装。 （3）“There＋be/stand/live/exist/lie/remain/ ...＋主语”也属于完全倒装结构。
【品悟】 Standing on the top of the mountain is an ancient building dating back hundreds of years.山顶上矗立着一座始建于几百年前的古建筑。
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
① he was admitted into a key university.
接着传来了他被一所重点大学录取的消息。
②Once upon a time known by the name of Yugong.
从前，那里住着一位知名的老人名叫愚公。
③The door opened and with white dots and Polly.
门开了，波莉和一只长着白色斑点的小狗冲了进来。
④Our library lies in the centre of our school.Our library is between the garden and the teaching building.
→In the centre of our school .（完全倒装；非限制性定语从句）
句型公式：with复合结构
【教材原句】 With pollution levels on the rise， the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.
鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。
【用法】
句中With pollution levels on the rise为with复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。with复合结构作状语还可以表示原因、条件等。此外，此结构还可作后置定语。with复合结构的具体构成： with＋宾语＋
【品悟】 The boy rushed into the room， with his face covered with sweat.
那个男孩满脸是汗，冲进屋来。
The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.
鱼挺直了身子，大尾巴在空中摇摆着，又慢慢地游走了。
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
①In summer， she usually sleeps .
在夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。
② ， he left the bookstore happily.
买了他需要的书，他快乐地离开了书店。
③The family live in a house .
那家人住在一所周围有很多花的房子里。
④ ，he won’t have time to go shopping this evening.有那么多文章要写，他今天晚上没有时间去购物。
⑤As the exam approaches，the girl was a little nervous.
→ ， the girl was a little nervous.（with复合结构）
Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.pollution 2.costs 3.fresh 4.different 5.for
6.measures 7.benefits 8.quality 9.government
10.recycle
第二步
1－6 BCCDDA
第三步
2.（1）When I first moved here， the air was fresh， the grass green and the water clear.Then heavy industry factories moved in， and things became entirely different.I don’t enjoy outdoor activities any more.The river is dirty and smelly.The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey ...
（2）It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.It’s our duty to leave a better， cleaner and healthier planet to our children.It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①ourselves ②of ③couldn’t get rid of him
2.①against ②myself ③defence ④in
⑤defend the road from being washed away by the sea
3.①consequent ②consequently
③in consequence of/as a consequence of/as a result of
4.①giving thought to ②give advice to ③give rise to
④gave rise to/led to/brought about
Part Ⅱ
1.①Then came the news that ②there lived a man
③in rushed a little dog ④lies our library， which is between the garden and the teaching building
2.①with the windows open ②With the books he needed bought ③with many flowers around it ④With so many essays to write ⑤With the exam approaching
9 / 9(共103张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
News that Matters①： pollution in Norgate
HOST：Good evening and welcome to News that Matters.Our topic
today is pollution in Norgate.[1]Joining us in the studio tonight are James
Smith， a local resident②； Vincent Brown， senior manager of a local
factory； and Julie Archer， chief③ of the Norgate Environmental
Protection Committee④. Welcome.
Norgate’s rapid development has had significant environmental
costs⑤.Mr Smith， you’ve lived in this city for over 20 years.How
would you describe the effects of pollution over that time？
【读文清障】
①News that Matters 《焦点新闻》
②resident n.居民，住户
a local resident 一位当地居民
③chief n.首领，最高领导人 adj.主要的；首席的
④committee n.委员会
the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee 诺盖特环境保护委员会
⑤cost n.费用，花费；成本
[生义] n.努力，代价，损失
SMITH：It’s been awful， really.When I first moved here， the
air was fresh， the grass green and the water clear.Then heavy industry
factories moved in， and things became entirely⑥ different.I don’t
enjoy outdoor activities any more.The river is dirty and smelly.The smog
⑦ in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey； [2]it’s also given me a
cough that I can’t get rid of⑧.For health and safety reasons alone，
heavy industry has to go.
[1]该句主语较长，为了使句子平衡，将表语前置，使用完全倒
装结构。a local resident， senior manager of a local factory， chief of
the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee分别作各自前面人名
的同位语。
[2]句中that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a cough，that在从
句中作宾语。
⑥entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地
entire adj.完全的，全部的，完整的
⑦smog n.雾霾，烟雾
[助记]缩合构词法：smoke＋fog→smog雾霾，烟雾；breakfast＋
lunch→brunch早午餐；motor＋hotel→motel汽车旅馆
⑧get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
get rid of smoking 戒烟
HOST：Mr Smith protested⑨ against heavy industry.Mr Brown，
would you like to respond？
BROWN：Well， I’m sorry you feel that way， Mr Smith.People
tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and
irresponsible⑩ businessmen eager to make huge profits .[3]In defence
of the factories， however， I’d like to point out that we also try to
control the amount of pollution we produce.I think I speak for all factory
managers when I say we’re deeply concerned about the environment.
[4]We’ve been taking various measures， including the use of new technologies， to reduce pollution in the production process ， even
though these measures raise our production costs.I’d also like to draw your attention to the economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate.We’ve created many jobs for local residents and helped the
city’s economy grow.
[3]that引导宾语从句，作动词短语point out的宾语；we produce
是省略了关系代词that或which的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词
pollution。
[4]该句主句使用了现在完成进行时。动词不定式短语to reduce
pollution in the production process作目的状语。even though引导让步状
语从句。
⑨protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n.抗议，反对
protest against 反对
⑩irresponsible adj.不负责任的
responsible adj.负责任的
profit n.利润，收益；好处
vi.& vt.获益，得到好处
make huge profits 获取巨大利润
defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
in defence of 为……作解释或辩护
various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的
take various measures 采取各种措施
process n.过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理
in the production process 在生产过程中
economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的
economic benefits 经济效益
economic growth/development 经济增长/发展
economy n.经济；节约
HOST：Thank you， Mr Brown.[5]With pollution levels on the
rise， the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for
ways to fight the problem.Mrs Archer， what are your thoughts on how to
deal with pollution？
ARCHER：Well， our committee has a major role to play in
maintaining air and water quality.We have to achieve a balance between
environmental protection and economic development.We’ve made
environmental policies for businesses to observe， like strict clean-up
requirements.We also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies are followed in an
environmentally friendly way.[6]However， fighting pollution isn’t
just a task for factories and the government. It has to be a community-wide effort， and everyone can help by following the golden rule： reduce， reuse and recycle .For example， you can save energy by taking the bus or the subway ， or using the bike-sharing system .
[5]With复合结构在句中作状语，其结构为“with＋名词＋介词
短语”。
[6]句中动词-ing形式短语fighting pollution作主语，谓语动词用
单数形式。
policy n.政策，方针；原则
make policies for 为……制定政策
branch n.（政府或机构）部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支
strategy n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署
development strategies 发展策略
environmentally friendly adj.环保的，环境友好的
recycle vt.回收利用，再利用
subway n.地铁；地下人行道
take the subway 乘地铁
the bike-sharing system 共享单车系统
HOST：Thank you， Mrs Archer， and thanks again to all of our
guests.A former UN official once said， “Saving our planet， lifting
people out of poverty ， advancing economic growth ...these are one
and the same fight.” The fortunes of our environment and our economy
are inseparable.[7] It’s our duty to protect the environment while we
aim for economic development.[8]It’s our duty to leave a better，
cleaner and healthier planet to our children.[9]It’s our duty to build a
human community with a shared future .
[7][8][9]三句均为“It is＋名词＋to do sth”句型，连在一起构
成排比句式，加强语气；It是形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主
语。句[7]中的while引导时间状语从句。
former adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的
official n.官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的
a former UN official 一位联合国前官员
poverty n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏
lift people out of poverty 使人们摆脱贫困
live in poverty 生活在贫困之中
advance economic growth 促进经济增长
one and the same 意为“同一个（人或物）”，表示强调
a human community with a shared future 人类命运共同体
【参考译文】
《焦点新闻》：诺盖特市的污染
主持人：晚上好，欢迎收看《焦点新闻》。我们今天的话题是诺
盖特市的污染。今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、
本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗，还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负
责人朱莉·阿彻。欢迎你们。
诺盖特市的高速发展付出了高昂的环境代价。史密斯先生，
您已经在这座城市生活了二十多年。您能说说这二十年间污染造
成的影响吗？
史密斯：非常糟糕，真的。我刚搬来时，这里空气清新、草绿水
清。后来重工业工厂迁来了，情况变得截然不同了。我再也不喜欢户
外活动了。河水又脏又臭。空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，还让
我患上了咳嗽， 老是不好。单是出于健康和安全的原因，重工业也必
须迁走。
主持人：史密斯先生反对重工业。布朗先生，您想作出回应吗？
布朗：好吧，对于您那样的感受我很抱歉，史密斯先生。一提到
工厂，人们总是将其与浓烟滚滚的画面和急于牟取暴利、不负责任的
商人形象联系在一起。不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们
也在努力控制所产生的污染量。我们对环境问题深感担忧。我想，我
是代表所有的工厂负责人说的这句话。我们一直在采取各种各样的措
施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这
些措施会增加我们的生产成本。我还希望您能注意到，这些工厂给诺
盖特市带来的经济效益。我们为当地居民创造了许多就业岗位，并对
这座城市的经济增长起到了助推作用。
主持人：谢谢您，布朗先生。鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环
境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。阿彻女士，您对如何处理污染
问题有何见解？
阿彻：是的，我们委员会在维护空气质量和水质量方面发挥着重
要作用。我们必须在环境保护与经济发展之间求得平衡。我们已经制
定了供各行业遵守的环境政策，比如严格的净化要求。我们也与其他
政府部门携手，确保以一种环境友好的方式贯彻发展战略。然而，与
污染作斗争不仅仅是工厂与政府的任务，全社会必须共同努力，每个
人都遵循减少使用、重复使用、循环利用的指导原则，就能尽一份
力。打个比方，您可以乘坐公交车、地铁，或者使用共享单车来节约
能源。
主持人：谢谢您，阿彻女士，再次感谢我们所有的嘉宾。一位联
合国前官员曾经说过：“拯救地球，使人们摆脱贫困，促进经济增
长……这些就是同一场战斗。”我们的环境与经济的命运休戚与共。
在追求经济发展的同时保护环境，这是我们的责任。将一个更美好、
更清洁、更健康的星球留给我们的后人，这是我们的责任。构建人类
命运共同体，这是我们的责任。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
News that Matters： pollution in Norgate
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. What is News that Matters？（ ）
A. A magazine. B. A TV program.
C. An organization. D. A newspaper.
2. How was the environment more than twenty years ago？（ ）
A. Terrible. B. The same.
C. Excellent. D. Just so so.
3. What is the opinion of Vincent Brown？（ ）
A. Heavy industry should be moved out of the city.
B. The pollution is connected with factories.
C. Factories have done enough to protect the environment.
D. Fighting pollution is a task for all citizens.
4. What is the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee doing to
solve the problem？（ ）
A. It tries to close all the factories to reduce pollution.
B. It believes factories and the government can solve the problem.
C. It insists a single person makes few contributions to the environment.
D. It is trying to balance economic development and environmental
protection.
5. What can we infer from the passage？（ ）
A. Economy is the most important.
B. Environment and economy are separable.
C. All the people are not responsible for the environment.
D. We should not develop our economy at the cost of environment.
6. Which of the following is good for the environment？（ ）
A. Going to work by bus.
B. Driving private cars to work.
C. Buying as many new clothes as possible.
D. Throwing away old things when you don’t use them.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）形容词后缀-ous表示“具有……性质的，充满……的”
①variety→various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的
②caution→cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的
③envy→envious adj.羡慕的；忌妒的
④ambition→ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的；有志向的
⑤mystery→mysterious adj.神秘的；奇怪的
⑥religion→religious adj.宗教信仰的；宗教的
⑦fame→famous adj.著名的；出名的
（2）形容词后缀-ing表示“令人……的；具有……性质的”。
①live→living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的
②challenge→challenging adj.具有挑战性的
③freeze→freezing adj.严寒的，冰冻的
④touch→touching adj.动人的，感人的
⑤puzzle→puzzling adj.令人困惑不解的
⑥frighten→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
⑦convince→convincing adj.令人信服的
⑧astonish→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的
2. 美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
（1）环境描写能够渲染气氛、烘托人物形象、渲染人物心理、推
动故事情节发展、揭示或深化作品主题。
请从课文中找出有关环境描写的句子。
When I first moved here， the air was fresh， the grass green
and the water clear.Then heavy industry factories moved in，
and things became entirely different.I don’t enjoy outdoor
activities any more.The river is dirty and smelly.The smog in the
air has coloured the sky a smoky grey ...
（2）排比句是把三个或三个以上句法结构相同或相似，意义相关
的短语、句子或段落成串地排列在一起的修辞手法。
请从课文中找出一处排比句。
It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for
economic development.It’s our duty to leave a better， cleaner
and healthier planet to our children.It’s our duty to build a
human community with a shared future.
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉（强调动作）
【教材原句】 The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey；
it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of.空气中的雾霾把天空
染成了烟灰色，还让我患上了咳嗽，老是不好。
【用法】
（1）be rid of 摆脱（强调状态）
（2）rid vt.（rid， rid） 从……中除去（不喜欢的东西）；清除，免
除；使（从……中）解放出来
rid sb/sth of ... 使某人/某物摆脱……
rid oneself of ... 摆脱……；从……中解脱
【佳句】 We got rid of the unnecessary items so as to make room for a
study.我们扔掉了许多不需要的物品以便腾出地方作书房。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Maybe we should rid （we） of modern technology and
return to simpler times.
②Dr Yuan devoted himself to ridding the world starvation.
ourselves
of
【写美】 完成句子
③He attached himself to me at yesterday’s party and I
.
在昨天的聚会上他老是缠着我，我简直无法摆脱他。
couldn’t get
rid of him
defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
【教材原句】 In defence of the factories， however， I’d like to
point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.不
过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污
染量。
【用法】
（1）in defence 保卫；防守
in defence of 为了保卫；（为……）辩护
in one’s defence 为某人辩护；站在某人一边
（2）defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解
defend ...against/from （doing ...）
保护……免受……
defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护
（3）defensive adj. 防御的；保护的；保卫的
【佳句】 The woman rushed there without hesitation in defence of her
children.
为了保护她的孩子们，这个妇女毫不犹豫地冲了过去。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①All our officers are trained to defend themselves knife
attacks.
②When a dog attacked me， I defended （I） with a stick.
③When I was in danger， he came to my （defend）.
④The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died defence of
their country.
against
myself
defence
in
【写美】 完成句子
⑤The wall was built to
.
建造这道墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。
defend the road from being washed away by the
sea
consequence n.结果，后果；重要性
【教材原句】 Consequences 后果
【用法】
（1）in consequence＝as a consequence （＝as a result） 因此；结果
in consequence of＝as a consequence of （＝as a result of）
由于，作为……的结果
serious consequences 严重的后果
suffer/face/take the consequences面对/承担后果
（2）consequent adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的
consequently adv. 结果；因此
【佳句】 I prefer him to tell the truth no matter the consequences.我想
让他说出真相，无论结果如何。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①A severe earthquake struck the city， causing a
（consequence） shortage of food.
②My car broke down and （consequent） I was late
for the important meeting.
consequent
consequently
【写美】 完成句子
③Finally， the young man broke down
great stress.
因为压力太大，最后那个年轻人垮掉了。
in consequence of/as a
consequence of/as a result of
give rise to 使发生（或存在）；导致
【教材原句】 For example， in many parts of the world， the poor
quality of the local drinking water gives rise to public health problems.
例如，在世界的许多地方，当地饮用水的质量低劣导致了公共卫
生问题。
【用法】
（1）give rise to＝lead to＝bring about＝contribute to 导致
（2）give thought to 认真考虑，思考
give advice to 提供建议
give birth to 产生；分娩；引发；造成
give way to 让步；屈服
give off 放出（热、光、气味或气体）
give up 放弃；投降
【佳句】 Eating too much sugar can give rise to health problems.吃太
多的糖会引起健康问题。
【练透】 用give的相关短语填空
①He was what to do next.
②Actually for this kind of matter， I would not
anyone.
③The drug is well tolerated and generally does not serious
side effects.
giving thought to
give advice to
give rise to
【写美】 同义词替换
④The novel’s success contributed to a number of fans and profits.
→The novel’s success a number of
fans and profits.
gave rise to/led to/brought about
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：完全倒装
【教材原句】 Joining us in the studio tonight are James
Smith， a local resident；Vincent Brown， senior manager of a
local factory； and Julie Archer， chief of the Norgate
Environmental Protection Committee.今晚来到我们演播室的有本
地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗，还
有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。
【用法】
全部谓语置于主语之前，称为完全倒装。本句中作表语的动词-ing形
式短语Joining us in the studio tonight置于句首，使用了完全倒装。下
列情况要使用完全倒装结构：
（1）表语＋连系动词＋主语（表语为形容词、介词短语、动词-ing
形式、过去分词等）。
（2）表示时间（now、 then等）、方向或方位的副词（here、
there、 up、 down、 in、 out、 away、 off、 inside、 outside等），
以及表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子要用完
全倒装。
（3）“There＋be/stand/live/exist/lie/remain/ ...＋主语”也属于完全
倒装结构。
【品悟】 Standing on the top of the mountain is an ancient building
dating back hundreds of years.
山顶上矗立着一座始建于几百年前的古建筑。
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
① he was admitted into a key university.
接着传来了他被一所重点大学录取的消息。
②Once upon a time known by the name of Yugong.
从前，那里住着一位知名的老人名叫愚公。
③The door opened and with white dots and
Polly.
门开了，波莉和一只长着白色斑点的小狗冲了进来。
Then came the news that
there lived a man
in rushed a little dog
④Our library lies in the centre of our school.Our library is between the
garden and the teaching building.
→In the centre of our school
.（完全倒装；非限制性定语从句）
lies our library， which is between the
garden and the teaching building
句型公式：with复合结构
【教材原句】 With pollution levels on the rise， the Norgate
Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the
problem.鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应
对这个问题。
【用法】
【品悟】 The boy rushed into the room， with his face covered with
sweat.那个男孩满脸是汗，冲进屋来。
The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail
weaving in the air.
鱼挺直了身子，大尾巴在空中摇摆着，又慢慢地游走了。
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
①In summer， she usually sleeps .
在夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。
② ， he left the bookstore happily.
买了他需要的书，他快乐地离开了书店。
③The family live in a house .
那家人住在一所周围有很多花的房子里。
with the windows open
With the books he needed bought
with many flowers around it
④ ，he won’t have time to go shopping
this evening.
有那么多文章要写，他今天晚上没有时间去购物。
⑤As the exam approaches，the girl was a little nervous.
→ ， the girl was a little nervous.（with
复合结构）
With the exam approaching
With so many essays to write
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. I happened to meet my f English teacher this morning， who I
hadn’t seen for years.
2. Sometimes， we should focus more on the p and less on the
result.
3. She is going to r useful rubbish to protect the environment.
ormer
rocess
ecycle
4. Both sides consider it desirable to f the understanding between
the two peoples.
5. His whole life is a fight against （贫穷） and
unemployment.
6. There exists a wide range of different opinions among
the （委员会） members.
7. The pollution caused by cars in some cities leads to （雾
霾） and acid rain.
8. The local （居民） were angry at the lack of parking
spaces.
urther
poverty
committee
smog
residents
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. The twin sisters are （entire） different in character.
2. The British once fought against （pollute） for more
than fifty years and finally succeeded.
3. Due to the ruling of Spain in history， Spanish is the
（office） language of Peru.
4. If she had been aware that the mushroom was
（poison）， she would not have picked it back.
entirely
pollution
official
poisonous
5. As a （consequent） of oversleeping this morning，
I was late for school.
6. The production of coffee beans is a huge and （profit）
business， but full-sun production is taking over the industry and
bringing about a lot of damage.
consequence
profitable
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1. 为了给钢琴腾出地方，他们把一张旧桌子丢弃了。（get rid of）
In order to make room for the piano， they .
2. 一个穿着白色裙子的姑娘进来了，梳着两条长辫子。（完全倒装）
wearing a white skirt， with two long pigtails.
3. 我爷爷尽管已经九十多岁了，仍然时不时地打打网球。 （even
though引导让步状语从句）
My grandfather still plays tennis now and then，
.
got rid of the old desk
In came a girl
even though he’s
in his nineties
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
There is an interview about the pollution in Norgate.James Smith， a
local resident， has experienced the effects of pollution 1.
person.Because of the bad air， he doesn’t enjoy outdoor activities and
can’t get rid 2. a terrible cough.So he thinks heavy industry is
3. blame.
in
of
to
However， Vincent Brown says 4. defence of the factories
that they are also concerned about the environment.They have been taking
5. （vary） measures to reduce pollution.
The Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is trying to achieve
a balance between environmental protection and 6.
（economy） development.It believes 7. （fight） pollution
is a community-wide effort 8. which everyone should join.
In a word， environment and economy are 9.
（separate）.It’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment while
10. （aim） for economic development.
in
various
economic
fighting
in
inseparable
aiming
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in Dali City，
Yunnan Province.It’s a famous attraction， as well as Dali’s main
source of drinking water.
The lake used to be seriously polluted due to the rapid development of
tourism and the local economy.In 2019， the local authorities began to
build environmental protection system for the lake — the Erhai Lake
Ecological Corridor — to protect it from being polluted and to restore its
natural ecosystem.
The project contains five parts： a 129km road encircling the entire
lake， a pipe system to stop wastewater flowing into the lake， the
relocation of 1，806 households who lived within the protection area of
the lake， the restoration of the lake’s wetlands and ecosystem， and the
construction of experimental fields for wetland-restoration research.
By the end of 2020， the road encircling the lake had been basically
completed.A 12km section of the corridor has been open to the public for
free since September 2020 for a test operation.The project， which is a
public-private partnership， has a total investment of 9.8 billion
yuan.Local authorities of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture and Dali City
are the main sources of public funds.The corridor is described as a “pearl
necklace” surrounding the lake， with the villages located along the
shore of Erhai Lake being the “pearls”.These villages will benefit from
the project economically， as they will be linked and gain access to
enhanced transportation and tourism around the lake.
According to staff members of the project， the lake’s water
quality has already improved a lot during the construction of the
corridor.More migratory birds （候鸟） fly to the lake and there is less
algae （海藻） in the water.It also provides a good place to exercise and
go sightseeing for both the city’s residents and tourists.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洱海生态廊道工
程。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洱海生态廊道工程。
1. Why was the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor built？（ ）
A. To treat wastewater.
B. To protect wildlife.
C. To attract more tourists.
D. To preserve local ecology.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，建立洱海生态廊
道的目的是保护洱海，修复自然生态系统。
2. Which of the following is involved in the project？（ ）
A. Removing wastewater from Erhai Lake.
B. Encouraging residents to settle around Erhai.
C. Conducting research into wetland restoration.
D. Promoting construction in the protection area.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，C项（开展湿地恢
复研究）包含在该项目中。
3. What do we know about the “pearls” from Paragraph 4？（ ）
A. They focus on the pearl industry.
B. They provide tourism opportunities.
C. They bring benefits to the Erhai Lake.
D. They profit from the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，“珍珠”指的
是洱海沿岸的村庄，这些村庄因该项目获得了更好的交通条件以及
发展旅游业的机会，因此这些村庄受益于该项目。
4. What do staff members think of the project？（ ）
A. It needs improving.
B. It works unexpectedly.
C. It turns out to be good.
D. It has advantages and disadvantages.
解析： 观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，在廊道的建设过程
中，洱海的水质及生态都有了提升，同时，廊道也成为当地居民以
及外地游客进行锻炼、观光的好去处。由此推知，工作人员认为该
项目被证明很好。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
5. （ ） They create carbon dioxide and shade.They provide
shelter to animals and insects.The wood they provide is used for buildings
and other products we humans use and need.
Trees are so important that some people have made it their goal to
protect them.We can call these people “tree hugger”.It describes people
who support the protection of forests.Today， the term “tree hugger”
describes a person who is an environmentalist.6.（ ） For example，
someone who wants to save a rare butterfly species or cut greenhouse gases
could also be described as a tree hugger.
However， calling someone a “tree hugger” is not always seen as a
praise.7.（ ） “Tree hugger” described someone who was overly
concerned about protecting trees， animals and other parts of the natural
world.
Some tree huggers do go to extremes to protect trees.Take， for
example， an American woman named Julia Lorraine Hill.For 738 days
from 10 December 1997 to 18 December 1999， Hill lived in Luna， a
Redwood tree in northern California’s Humboldt County.Luna is huge，
measuring nearly 61 meters tall and about 12 meters across， which has
stood in Humboldt County for more than 1，000 years.8.（ ） So，
Hill did what any extreme tree hugger would — she moved in！ As the
website explains， Hill’s main goal was “to bring international
attention to the importance of protecting and restoring natural
resources”.So， we can safely call Hill a tree hugger.9.（ ）
A. Trees give so much to the world.
B. Human beings should all protect trees.
C. In earlier times， in fact， it was used as an insult （辱骂）.
D. And I’m sure that she would consider that the highest of praises.
E. They want to protect nature and the environment — but not just the
trees.
F. Nowadays， the environmental problems are more serious than in the
history.
G. But that did not stop the Pacific Lumber Company from wanting to cut
it down.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了支持保护森林的
人——树木拥抱者，即我们今天的环保主义者。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了支持保护森林的
人——树木拥抱者，即我们今天的环保主义者。
5. A 空处位于句首，应是主旨句，根据空后内容可知，本段主要讲
的是树木的好处，所填句应总述树木对于世界的好处。A项（树给了
世界很多）概括全段，符合语境。
6. E 空前主要介绍树木拥抱者，空后举例说明tree hugger保护的不
仅仅是树木，还有其他动植物和环境。所填句承上启下，E项（他们
的保护对象不仅仅是树木，还有自然与环境）符合语境。E项中的
They指代的就是上文提到的tree hugger。
7. C 根据空前一句可知，树木拥抱者最初并不是一个褒义词，根据
空后一句可知，树木拥抱者指的是那些过分保护环境的人。所填句承
上启下，讲的应是人们最初对于树木拥抱者的错误认识，C项符合语
境。C项中的it指代的是上文提到的Tree hugger这一称呼。
8. G 空前举例讲述一些环保主义者的极端做法，空后一句讲的是希
尔的极端做法。所填句承上启下，讲的应是导致希尔作出这一极端举
动的原因。G项（但这并没有阻止太平洋木材公司想要砍伐它）符合
语境，其中的that指代上文的For 738 days from 10 December 1997 to 18
December 1999， Hill lived in Luna这个事实。
9. D 空前As the website explains ...we can safely call Hill a tree
hugger.讲的是社会对于希尔极端保护行为的看法，空处位于段末，应
是对上文的总结。D项（我相信她会认为这是最高的赞扬）总结全
段，符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
No matter how big or small， there are just some moments when we
could use a little grace.Fourth-grade teacher Rachel Harder recognizes
this， and she found an 10 way to help out both her students and
their 11 .
Rachel had a 12 with autism （自闭症） who often had tough
days.To 13 her， Rachel told the student’s mom to 14 text her
“handle with care” to let her 15 when it was going to be one of
those days.
“When she would 16 me， I knew that her daughter needed
some extra time and a 17 location， not the gym for morning
announcements， 18 the rest of her day went smoothly，” Rachel
said.
The simple method was such a 19 that Rachel decided to send all
of her students home with a note for their parents.It explained what the
“Handle with Care” system was and how they could 20 it.In no
time， parents began to show their appreciation for Rachel’s wonderful
act of 21 .
Word of the amazing system spread， and teachers across the country
began giving it a 22 in their own classrooms.The feedback has been
extremely positive！
Even though teachers can sometimes 23 when a student is having
a tough day just by the way they’re acting， Rachel said these simple
texts 24 educators to make small changes in advance that， in turn，
make the whole day better for everyone.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位老师想出一种简单的方法来帮
助学生更好地度过一天。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位老师想出一种简单的方法来帮
助学生更好地度过一天。
10. A. affordable B. indirect
C. amazing D. interesting
解析： 根据下文内容可知，Rachel老师找到了一种极好的方法
来帮助她的学生及其家人，即让学生家长给她发送一条三个词的
短信。第五段中的amazing system和第四段中的their parents分别是
提示。
11. A. friends B. families
C. partners D. neighbours
解析： 参见上题解析。
12. A. daughter B. workmate
C. sister D. student
解析： 下句中的the student’s mom提示本空选择student，属
于原词复现。
13. A. support B. satisfy
C. control D. comfort
解析： 根据后半句Rachel told the student’s mom ...one of
those days可知，Rachel让学生家长给她发短信是为了更好地帮助
这个患有自闭症的学生。
14. A. separately B. seriously
C. simply D. secretly
解析： 根据空后的“handle with care”可知，学生的母亲只需
要简单地给Rachel发送一条三个词的短信就可以了。第四段首句
中的simple method也是提示。text作动词，意为“（用手机给某
人）发短信”。
15. A. guess B. know
C. decide D. remember
解析： 根据空前的text her “handle with care”可知，Rachel让
学生家长给她发短信，好让她了解这个学生哪天状态不好，这样
才能帮助该学生。下段首句中的knew也是提示。
16. A. text B. call C. trust D. choose
解析： 上段中的text her提示本空选text，属于原词复现。
17. A. quiet B. safe
C. familiar D. central
解析： 根据空后的not the gym for morning announcements可
知，该学生需要的是一个安静的地方。
18. A. as if B. even if
C. now that D. so that
解析： 根据语境可知，句中her daughter needed ...location的
目的是the rest of her day went smoothly。
19. A. shame B. shock
C. success D. surprise
解析： 根据空后的Rachel decided to send all of her students
home with a note for their parents可知，这个简单的办法很成功，
于是Rachel决定在班里推广。
20. A. take care of B. take charge of
C. take hold of D. take advantage of
解析： 根据句中的It explained what the “Handle with
Care” system was 和下句中的In no time， parents began to
show their appreciation可知，Rachel让学生带回家的便条解释
了“Handle with Care”方法是什么以及家长可以如何利用
它，以便家长使用。
21. A. bravery B. kindness
C. generosity D. charity
解析： 根据上文内容可知，Rachel所做的事是帮助学生及其家
长的善举。
22. A. try B. name C. chance D. look
解析： 根据句中的Word of the amazing system spread和下句
The feedback has been extremely positive！可知，全国各地的老师
开始在自己的教室里尝试这一方法。
23. A. accept B. tell
C. expect D. change
解析： 根据句中的by the way they’re acting可知，老师有时可
以通过学生的表现来看出他们这天是否过得不顺。tell意为“知
道，辨别，判断”。
24. A. warn B. teach C. allow D. force
解析： 根据上文内容可知，一条简单的短信可以让老师提前
作出一些小改变，从而让每个人的一整天都过得很好。
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
Matt looked out the window of the car.Behind him was flat land，
and ahead of him were purple mountains rising to the sky.He turned his
head.“Why do I have to leave？”
His mom said， “Sweetie， I know you don’t want to go away for
the summer.But I’ll be traveling for work and you can’t stay home
alone.You’ll have fun with your grandparents.”
Matt lived with his mom in Nashville.He had been excited about
spending the summer swimming at the pool and playing basketball with his
friends at the court near their house.Instead， he was being shipped off to
his grandparents’ house outside Erwin， Tennessee.
“Mom， what’s Erwin like？” Matt asked.
“It’s a beautiful town，” his mom said.“Behind your
grandparents’ house is a creek （小河） where you can go fishing.There
are also apple orchards （果园）.”
“Are there movie theaters？” Matt asked.“Swimming pools？”
His mom said， “You’ll have to ask your grandparents.There
weren’t any the last time I was there， but maybe they’ve built some by
now.”
Matt sank into his seat， very upset.Finally， before dark， the car
pulled up in front of a wooden two-story house.Two people sat on the
front porch （门廊）.As they rose， Matt saw how his grandparents
moved slowly.They made their way to the car.
“Well，” Matt’s grandma said.“It’s good to meet you，
Matt.” She pulled him into a hug.
At the dining room， Matt， his mom and his grandparents sat
together for dinner.
“So， Grandpa，” said Matt.“What do kids do around here for
fun？”
His grandpa looked at him.“Fun？ Well， they work.Or go
fishing.”
Suddenly， Matt felt tears welling up in his eyes.This was going to
be his summer.“Don’t cry in front of them，” he ordered
himself.“Excuse me，” he said.“I’m tired.”
After he left the table， Matt heard his grandpa ask his mom， “Did
I upset him？” There was a long silence and then his mom responded，
“You have to understand him.Matt left his friends， his basketball
team， everything to come here this summer.Just give him time.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
That night Matt heard Grandpa talk with Grandma about a
basketball hoop （篮筐）.
Matt felt very moved.
参考范文：
That night Matt heard Grandpa talk with Grandma about a basketball
hoop （篮筐）.Matt was very curious about why Grandpa mentioned it
suddenly.But because he was too tired after the journey， he fell asleep
quickly， totally ignoring it.The next morning， Matt went outside to see
the house in the daylight.Just beside his mom’s car was a basketball
hoop.It hadn’t been there the night before.At that moment he realized
that it was Grandpa who’d put that hoop up for him overnight.
Matt felt very moved.He went inside and found everyone at the
breakfast table.He felt so sorry for his attitude the night before.He came
up to his grandpa and hugged him， “Thank you， Grandpa.I like it very
much.” His grandpa smiled， and asked him to sit.He told Matt there
were some boys in the town， and he would invite them to come to
play.Matt felt so happy that he had such considerate grandparents.
谢谢观看！
