Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.She rushed d and burst into the kitchen.
2.He didn’t work hard at English， o he wouldn’t find it difficult to learn now.
3.C ， she opened it and saw a bottle of perfume， half filled.
4.The farm and surrounding area were （淹没）.
5.Add more （蜂蜜） if you have a sweet tooth.
6.The foreign ministers of the two countries signed the （文件） today.
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.The letter wasn’t addressed to me but I opened it out of （curious）.
2.To our great relief， donations began （flood） in from hundreds of people.
3.Causes of the disease have been well （document）.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1.Telephone calls from all over the country.
全国各地的电话像潮水般打来。
2.She showered， dressed herself and .
她冲了澡，穿上衣服下楼去了。
3.Do come to school on time， .
一定要按时到校，否则你将受到惩罚。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Somalia， Kenya， and now Ethiopia are warning of a serious drought that affects millions of people in Eastern Africa.In Ethiopia’s Somali area， people have seen the failures of what should have been three straight rainy seasons.Droughts do come and go over the years.However， the lack of rainfall has led to the driest conditions in 40 years in parts of Somalia and Ethiopia.
UNICEF is the United Nations’ children’s agency.Local Zaynab Wali told a visiting team with UNICEF that she and her seven children had never seen a drought like this.She said the government gave out food for animals during the last drought five years ago.“This time， we even don’t have enough food for our family.”
Children walk among the bodies of dead animals，which died from lack of food and energy.Somalia Consortium works to improve international aid for Somalia.It said in a separate statement that in Somalia， more than 7 million people need emergency help.It is asking international organizations to give much more to the country.
“We are just one month into the long dry season， and I have already lost 25 goats and sheep，” Hafsa Bedel in Ethiopia’s Somali area told UNICEF.She also lost four camels， a large desert animal， as well.She said there was nowhere for her animals to eat.She added that there was not enough food for her own family， including her six children.
UNICEF thinks that more than 150，000 children in such areas of Ethiopia have dropped out of school.They are needed to help find the limited amount of water and help their families with other work.
One young boy was seen supporting an animal，a donkey.The donkey was once important for carrying goods.But now， it had become too weak to walk on its own.
1.Why did Zaynab Wali mention the last drought？（ ）
A.To show the need to protect animals.
B.To express her disappointment this time.
C.To prove the high frequency of drought.
D.To praise the government for its timely help.
2.What is Somalia Consortium trying to do now？（ ）
A.Get more foreign help.
B.Warn people of the risk of drought.
C.Offer more education to the children there.
D.Make clear the number of people in need.
3.What does the last paragraph mainly want to tell us？（ ）
A.The seriousness of the drought.
B.The functions of animals in farming.
C.The sweet picture of the boy and the animal.
D.The importance of taking care of the weak animal.
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text？（ ）
A.Drought in Eastern Africa Leaves Animals in Danger
B.UN Officials Care for Children Affected by Drought
C.Millions Face Risk as Drought Affects Eastern Africa
D.Drought Makes People of Eastern Africa Leave Their Home
B
It was 8 June 1816 and it was early summer in Vermont， US.Yet， a wild winter snow-storm was going on.Nearly a foot of snow covered the fields which had been planted crops only weeks before.This storm would kill all of the crops.At the time， people struggled to understand what had caused the weather to change so wildly.It is only now，more than 200 years later， that scientists have finally solved the mystery.The cause of the extreme weather was an event that took place a year earlier and 10，000 miles away.It all started with a volcano called Mount Tambora.
Mount Tambora sits on the island of Sumbawa， a beautiful land with rushing streams， gentle hills， and thick jungles， in Indonesia.Nobody had any reason to think the peaceful mountain was in fact a volcano.It had been asleep for centuries， but on 5 April 1815， Tambora woke up.
The first eruption shook the island and sent up streams of fire and ash.But that was nothing compared with what would come five days later， on 10 April.The volcano exploded with a huge cloud of gas， fire and ash shot high into the sky.The day turned midnight black， but the mountain turned red as rivers of lava （岩浆） flowed down the mountain.
The eruption went on for more than three days，which instantly killed at least 12，000 people living on and around Mount Tambora.Ash and lava ruined the island’s soil and poisoned its rivers and streams.Rice fields were destroyed.No fruits or vegetables would grow.
There were no fish to catch； almost every animal had been killed.The eruption of Tambora in 1815 was the deadliest and most powerful volcanic eruption in human history.
5.What’s the purpose of the first paragraph？（ ）
A.To lead in the topic. B.To present an argument.
C.To introduce Vermont. D.To explain the cause of a volcano.
6.When did Mount Tambora start erupting？（ ）
A.On 8 June 1816. B.On 13 April 1816.
C.On 5 April 1815. D.On 10 April 1815.
7.What’s the main idea of the last paragraph？（ ）
A.The process of the eruption was made up of three stages.
B.Tambora asleep for centuries woke up in the end.
C.The eruption of Tambora broke a historic record.
D.The eruption of Tambora led to a terrible disaster.
C
Some of the most attractive pictures to come out of the Alaska earthquake are the photos that show slope （斜坡） failures， in which parts of formerly solid hills caved in， tore or let loose.And if there happened to be a road or building on top of the slopes that failed， the result was horrible.
Slopes can fail without earthquakes， as the result of pouring rain or weathering.But the shaking caused by a quake — particularly a large one like what occurred near Anchorage on Friday — can either speed up the process or create entirely new failures that wouldn’t have other-wise happened.
Several slope failures were documented in the Anchorage area in the hours after the earthquake on Friday， the most interesting of which was on Vine Road southwest of Wasilla.It’s as if someone came along with a large destroying ball and dropped it on Vine Road， which wrinkled like a broken egg.
Scientists seemed surprised at how many slope failures occurred as a result of the 7.0-magnitude （震级） quake.The center of the quake was deep， at 27 miles below the surface — a key reason why the damage in Anchorage was relatively light.Such an earthquake would be expected to produce shaking over a large area， but probably with reasonably modest top ground accelerations， Friday’s earthquake would certainly be felt， but the surface of Earth wouldn’t be moving badly enough to produce widespread landslides.
Photos from Alaska show a lot of lateral （横向的） spread， in which the ground tears open.Whatever is on top of the ground at the place it tears in half is also torn in half afterwards， like highways or buildings.The buildings surrounding the spread are also at risk of damage because of the force of the ground spreading out away from the tear.There’s also documentation of block spread，in which part of the ground breaks off a hill and slides away mostly perfect.
8.What do we know about slope failures？（ ）
A.They may cause earthquakes. B.They usually happen with a road on top.
C.They always happen with earthquakes. D.They may pull parts of the hills apart.
9.What can we infer from Paragraph 2？（ ）
A.Earthquakes have a great effect on slope failures.
B.Most slope failures occur after the pouring rain.
C.Earthquakes result in slope failures immediately.
D.Slope failures occur mainly with large earthquakes.
10.What did the scientists think of the Alaska earthquake on Friday？（ ）
A.It produced shaking over a large area.
B.It caused fewer slope failures than expected.
C.It wasn’t felt for its deep center.
D.It didn’t produce landslides.
11.In which circumstance can we find the ground slides down a hill almost unbroken？（ ）
A.Landslides. B.Slope failures.
C.Block spread. D.Lateral spread.
D
The European Space Agency （ESA） is working with NASA to create a shared time system for the moon.
There hasn’t been a need for the moon to have its own time.Each country that sent a mission （太空飞行任务） to the moon simply used its own time system.But now， lots of lunar missions from different countries are planned for the coming years.These missions will need to communicate with each other.
On Earth， most countries base their times on Coordinated Universal Time （UTC）.For example， the eastern United States is five hours behind UTC.Much of Europe and Africa is one hour ahead.To keep things simple and fair， the International Space Station （ISS） also uses UTC.Using UTC on the moon is one option.Space agencies could send a UTC time signal to the moon， just like they do with the ISS.
But there are some problems with the idea.If the UTC time signal failed， systems that depended on it could also fail.Another problem with using UTC is that the moon’s days are very different from Earth days.One full day on the moon lasts about 29.5 Earth days.What makes the problem especially tricky is that moon time really is different.Gravity affects how quickly time passes.Because the moon has about 1/6 of the Earth’s gravity， clocks there would run faster.
One of the main reasons ESA and NASA want to decide on a moon time isn’t just for people， but for machines.The space agencies will be sending lots of satellites to the moon over the next few years.The goal is to use the satellites to create a lunar GPS， so that astronauts and rovers （探测器） can figure out where they are instantly.But for a GPS system to work， the satellites must have very precise （精确的） timing.
12.Why does the moon need to have its own time？（ ）
A.To complete different lunar missions smoothly.
B.To help people know the time when on the moon.
C.To make satellites sent to the moon work well.
D.To help people explore other planets.
13.What can we learn about UTC？（ ）
A.Italy is five hours behind UTC.
B.The clocks on the ISS are set to UTC.
C.The western US is one hour ahead of UTC.
D.Most countries use UTC while doing lunar missions.
14.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about？（ ）
A.The necessity of studying gravity on the moon.
B.How a shared system on Earth is developed.
C.Why UTC may not be used on the moon.
D.The ways to improve UTC.
15.The author mentions satellites in the last paragraph to .（ ）
A.show the importance of lunar time
B.describe the history of lunar missions
C.discuss the future of lunar exploration
D.stress the necessity to create a lunar GPS
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
If you have been exposed to a natural disaster （for example， a tornado or hurricane）， it’s very important to learn ways of coping with them and their impact.Natural disasters can be considered dangerous events that have a high potential to place you at risk.16.（ ） Unlike other traumatic （痛苦的） events， natural disasters can also result in the destruction of property and financial loss， further affecting your stress levels and disrupting （扰乱） coping efforts.Despite the effects of natural disasters， there are steps you can take to cope.
17.（ ） Over and over again， it has been found that support from others can be a major factor in helping people overcome the negative effects of a traumatic event.Given that a natural disaster can impact an entire community， your support system may be weakened by a natural disaster.
Try to establish a schedule.18.（ ）A natural disaster can greatly disrupt your regular schedule increasing the extent to which your life feels out of ing up with a daily， structured schedule can help you establish a sense of predictability and control.
Talk about the effect of the natural disaster.19.（ ） A natural disaster can result in strong feelings of anger， anxiety， and sadness.These emotions need to be expressed.If you hold them in， they may only grow stronger.
Practice healthy coping strategies.Following a natural disaster， you’ll experience a number of intense negative emotions.20.（ ） Alcohol use， excessive sleep， or seeking comfort in food may be effective short-term strategies.However， in the long term， these strategies won’t address the real issue and will only cause your distress to increase.
A.Seek out and connect with social support.
B.Try to limit all the other sources of stress in your life.
C.For example， set regular times for meals， or waking up in the morning.
D.Natural disasters can bring about high levels of stress， anxiety， and anger.
E.Share your feelings with others， or find some ways to express your emotions.
F.Therefore， it is very important to identify healthy ways of managing these emotions.
G.Your most important task following a natural disaster is getting your life back in order.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是学校英语报的记者李华，上周学校组织学生去少年宫（the Children’s Palace）参加活动，让学生在虚拟现实（VR）环境中体验自然灾害。请你以Our Experience Activity为题写一篇报道，要点如下：
1.活动目的、时间等；2.体验的内容及感悟。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Our Experience Activity
Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
基础知识自测
维度一
1.downstairs 2.otherwise 3.Curious 4.flooded
5.honey 6.documents
维度二
1.curiosity 2.flooding 3.documented
维度三
1.came flooding in 2.went downstairs
3.otherwise you shall be punished
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。东非地区出现严重干旱。文章对干旱原因和给东非人民和动物所带来的巨大影响作了具体阐述。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，Zaynab Wali提到在上次的干旱中，政府甚至为动物分发食物，而在这次干旱中她和家人的食物都短缺，言外之意是政府这次的安排与上次相比是很不妥的。由此推断，她是想表达她对于这次干旱政府的安排的失望。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句可知，索马里联合会在努力获得更多的国外援助。
3.A 段落大意题。根据最后一段可知，驴现在虚弱得都不能自己走路了，更别谈运货了，结合上文可知，这是因干旱而导致动物没有食物吃所造成的。故本段主要想告诉我们干旱的严重性。
4.C 标题归纳题。根据文章第一句可知，索马里、肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚都警告说，东非出现严重干旱，影响数百万人，后面段落对这次干旱的情况作了具体介绍。由此可知，本文是围绕“干旱影响东非，使数百万人面临风险”这一话题进行阐述的。因此，C项最适合作文章标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章由1816年美国佛蒙特州的夏季暴雪为切入点，介绍了在1815年4月5日，沉睡了几个世纪的坦博拉火山喷发了，坦博拉火山的喷发是当时人类历史上最致命、威力最大的火山爆发。
5.A 目的意图题。根据第一段最后两句，并结合下文讲述的坦博拉火山的爆发及造成的伤害可知，第一段的目的是引入话题。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，坦博拉火山开始喷发的时间是1815年4月5日。
7.D 段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，该段主要介绍坦博拉火山的爆发导致了一场可怕的灾难。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过照片描述了阿拉斯加地震后的景象，包括地震对山体滑坡所造成的影响。
8.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，山体滑坡时会造成山体的分开。
9.A 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，地震可能会加速山体滑坡的过程或造成新的山体滑坡。由此推断，地震对山体滑坡有巨大的影响。
10.B 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，这次地震可以被感知到，但并没有造成地表严重移动，从而引起大范围的山体滑坡，这个结果出乎科学家的意料。
11.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，在块状扩散的情况下，部分地面脱离山丘，会非常完整地滑落。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。欧洲航天局和美国航空航天局正致力于创建一个月球共享时间系统，以方便不同国家的月球任务顺利开展。
12.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的But now， lots of lunar missions from different countries are planned for the coming years.These missions will need to communicate with each other.可知，创建月球共享时间系统的目的是让不同国家的月球任务能顺利地沟通交流。
13.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的the International Space Station （ISS） also uses UTC ...Space agencies could send a UTC time signal to the moon， just like they do with the ISS.可知，在国际空间站（ISS）中，人们使用协调世界时（UTC）。
14.C 段落大意题。第四段中指出，在月球上使用UTC难点有二：一是UTC信号可能会接收不成功，导致整个系统瘫痪；二是月球上的一天与地球上的一天时间长短不同，受重力影响，月球上的时间流逝速度比地球上的快。故本段主要说明了为何UTC在月球上可能不可行。
15.A 推理判断题。最后一段首先指出欧洲航天局和美国航空航天局想要创建月球时间不仅是为了人，也是为了机器；随后指出航天局未来几年会向月球发射大量人造卫星，旨在建立月球定位系统，来帮助航天员和探测器确定位置；最后指出该定位系统的运转需要人造卫星有非常精确的定时。由此推知，最后一段提及人造卫星是为了表明月球时间的重要性。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉人们如何来处理经历自然灾害之后不适的情绪。
16.D 根据下文可知，自然灾害不但会造成财产损失，而且还会造成心理上的压力。D项（自然灾害会带来高强度的压力、焦虑和愤怒）符合语境。
17.A 设空处位于段首，为本段主旨句。根据下文可知，本段建议要在其他人那里寻求帮助和支持。A项（寻找并联系社会支持）符合语境。
18.C 根据本段主旨句Try to establish a schedule.可知，本段建议制订一个时间表，所以此处应具体来解释这个做法。C项（例如，固定吃饭时间或者早上起床时间）举例说明要建立时间表，符合语境。
19.E 根据本段主旨句Talk about the effect of the natural disaster.可知，本段建议通过和其他人交流的方式来释放自己压抑的情感。E项（与他人分享你的感受或者找一些方式来表达你的情绪）符合语境。
20.F 根据空前内容可知，在自然灾害中有强烈的消极情感后，一定要用健康的方法去调整这样的情绪。F项（因此，找到管理这些情绪的健康方式是非常重要的）符合语境。
Ⅲ.
Our Experience Activity
Our school organized us to participate in an activity in the Children’s Palace from 2：00 p.m.to 5：30 p.m. on 17 December， which was aimed to help us learn more about natural disasters.
During the activity， we learned some basic ways to deal with distinct natural disasters.We also experienced natural disasters such as an earthquake， a flood， a tornado， a tsunami and a volcanic eruption in VR， where we deeply felt the danger of natural pared to the knowledge we have gained in our class， what we have learnt in the activity is practical and instructive.
6 / 6Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
续写一篇关于洪灾的故事
本单元写作任务是续写一篇关于洪灾的故事，属于叙事类记叙文。叙事类记叙文以叙述事件为主，着重描述事件发生的时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果，通过叙述一件事来说明一个道理或表达一种思想感情，或给读者一种启迪。
读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合起来进行考查的新题型。读后续写具有如下特点：一是续写不是随心所欲的，要根据所给材料及段落开头语完成续写部分；二是读后续写所给的材料多为记叙文，情节曲折且逻辑性比较强；三是读后续写要求读写并重，也就是要读透所给材料，对文章线索做到精确理解，这样才能使续写内容不偏离主题；四是续写部分的思路和内容并不是唯一的，学生可以根据自己对文章的理解，对文章的结尾作不同的诠释。
续写时要注意以下几点：
1.精读所给语言材料，真正读懂原文，熟悉故事脉络，明确文章的主旨大意。
2.寻找原文内容与续写首句之间的内在联系，站在作者的角度设计情节，想象要合理，情节要连贯。
3.续写情节一般为故事的高潮或结局，是原作者声音的延续，因此，要尽量符合原作者的思路，并求得与读者的心理共鸣。
4.设计的结局要尽量完美，即所续写内容要积极、健康，把事物美好的一面展现给读者。
5.利用已有的知识经验，在延续原作的风格和语言的基础之上，准确、地道地表达，同时提高关联词与过渡语的使用率，增强整句的表现力。
一、写作常用词汇
1.nervous adj. 紧张不安的
2.rescue n.& vt. 营救，救援
3.comfort vt. 安慰
4.rain non-stop 雨下个不停
5.in panic 恐慌地
6.flood in 涌入
7.be trapped in 困于……之中
8.at a loss 不知所措
9.keep one’s head 保持头脑清醒
10.force the door open 撞开门
11.rush out 冲出去
12.disaster supplies 赈灾物资
13.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
14.a first-aid kit 一套急救用品
15.stay/keep calm 保持冷静
16.call an emergency 打紧急电话
17.in shock 震惊；吃惊
18.sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
二、写作常用句式（注意加黑部分的表达）
（一）人物对话描写
“Mum， Dad，” said Mary suddenly， “I think we should leave here right away！”
“No，” said Dad.“It’s too late！ The radio says the city has already been flooded.”
“We can drive our car through the floodwater！ Let’s just leave！ I’m really scared！” cried Mary.
“We can’t do that， honey，” explained Mum， “otherwise the moving water could wash the car away！”
“Don’t open the door！” shouted Mum and Dad at the same time.“The water may flood in！”
“Mary， don’t worry.Everything’s going to be OK，” she said softly， trying her best to comfort Mary.
（二）场景描写
1.It had been raining non-stop for three days.
2.The wind roared and the rain beat on the roof and windows.
3.The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside.
（三）动作描写
1.Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside.
2.Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio， while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag.
3.Mary walked to the door.She was curious to see how much water there was outside.
4.Dad moved the dinner table against the door， in case the floodwater forced the door open.
5.Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa.
6.Without saying a single word， Dad walked to the sofa， sat down and hugged his wife and daughter.
课文Caught in a flood讲述了一个家庭遭遇洪水的故事，请阅读课文，根据文中所给信息续写这个故事，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
第一步：泛读，把握文章要素
第二步：精读，理清故事线索
1.情节发展线
2.情感变化线
第三步：构思，推测续写情节
1.先根据文中已知信息，预测结果
“Mum， Dad，” said Mary suddenly， “I think we should leave here right away！” “No，” said Dad.“It’s too late！ The radio says the city has already been flooded.”...“We can’t do that， honey，” explained Mum， “otherwise the moving water could wash the car away！”
结果：Mary and her family will waiting for rescue.
2.后根据文本发展线索，推断细节
What safety tips can be used to protect themselves？ Will there be any emotional changes？
（1）根据文章第一段的Mary and her parents were ① in the living room； Mum was putting ② into a bag.可勾勒出下面续写部分的一些细节。
续写：到楼上之后，他们松了一口气。楼下洪水已经涌进了整个起居室。他们都很紧张。幸运的是，他们有足够的食物和水。
（2）根据文章中的Dad was listening to a weather report ① ； The radio says the city has already been flooded； “Mary， don’t worry.Everything’s going to be OK，” she said softly， trying her best to ② Mary； Dad walked to the sofa， sat down and ③ his wife and daughter.可勾勒出下面续写部分的一些细节。
续写：爸爸安慰、鼓励她们。后来他们从收音机中得知政府正在组织救援队乘船来营救困在家里的人们。想到即将得救，他们激动不已。
第四步：续写，优化润色成文
续写时，要正确利用对话、场景和动作。遵循与原有的语言风格保持一致的原则。
【即时演练】
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My best friend Lily and I met in high school.Ever since then， we had spent New Year’s Eve together.We’d watch the New Year’s celebration in Times Square together on TV， a world-renowned tradition for millions to welcome the new year.Every year， thousands of people will gather in Times Square in New York in person on New Year’s Eve counting down to the new year， with celebrations and performances after midnight.And we’d always say that one day we should go there ourselves.
Then we both went to college.Struggling through exams and schoolwork， we had little time to meet up.We missed each other terribly and decided it was time to finally go to New York ourselves， to be present at the New Year’s celebration， and to do something fun together.
We worked out our schedule， bought tickets for everything and， most importantly， planned how to survive the long hours of waiting in the biting cold before the celebration—we wanted the best spot possible， and there’s only so much space， so we had no choice but to get to the Times Square early.
When the big day finally arrived， it became snowy and colder than any cold we had ever experienced.Actually it was one of the coldest New Year’s Eves on record.Everyone thought we were going to back out.
But we didn’t.We didn’t make it that far to back out.
We woke up and set off early.And， of course， we did freeze along the way， but we kept cheering each other up.Once we got there， we found our way to the line pretty quickly， considering everyone else was pushing their way in the same direction.We got in line and waited to finally get into our area in the Times Square， which thankfully was pretty spacious and close to the stage.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Halfway through the day， my friend and I couldn’t feel our toes.
“Three， two， one.Happy New Year！” we screamed the words as loud as possible.
otherwise adv.否则，不然；除此以外
【教材原句】 “We can’t do that， honey，” explained Mum， “otherwise the moving water could wash the car away！”
“亲爱的，我们不能那样做，”妈妈解释道，“否则流动的水会把车冲走的！”
【用法】
（1）otherwise＝or/or else 否则，不然 常用句型：祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句 （2）otherwise＝in the other way/in a different way 以其他方式；另；亦 （3）otherwise作副词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气 （4）or otherwise 或其他情况；或相反
【佳句】 You have to go now， otherwise you’ll miss your bus.
你现在就得走，要不然就赶不上公共汽车了。
I’ve got a cold — otherwise I would love to see the film with you.我感冒了——否则我会很乐意和你一起去看电影。
【练透】 语境辨义/完成句子
①We must hurry， otherwise we’ll miss the train.
②There was some music playing upstairs.Otherwise the house was silent.
③Thanks for your suggestion， otherwise I to solve this problem.
谢谢你的建议，要不然我不会顺利地解决这个问题。
【写美】 句型转换
④If you don’t seize the chance， you will regret it.
→ （otherwise）
curious adj.好奇的；奇特的
【教材原句】 She was curious to see how much water there was outside.
她好奇地想看看外面有多少水。
【用法】
（1）be curious about 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth 渴望做某事 it is curious that ... 不寻常的是…… （2）curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心 with curiosity 好奇地 out of curiosity 出于好奇 meet/satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 （3）curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪的是
【佳句】 In high school， I was curious about the computer and built my first website.
中学时，我对电脑很好奇，并建立了我的第一个网站。
It is good to be curious about the world around you because curiosity is the best teacher.
对你周围的世界感到好奇是件好事，因为好奇是最好的老师。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Liz picked up the blue envelope and turned it over （curious）.
②The little girl looked at me with （curious）.
③People gathered round， curious （know） what was happening in the distance.
【写美】 根据汉语提示完成句子
④ （对一切感到好奇）， we walked about in the school.
⑤ （出于好奇）， the girl can’t wait to open the envelope.
Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
【典例体验·提素能】
第一步
1.Mary， Mum，Dad 2.rainy 3.In their house/In their living room 4.were caught in a 5.has been raining
6.has been flooded 7.survive
第二步
1.①three ②roared ③leaving the house
④has been flooded ⑤the dinner table ⑥hugged
2.①scared ②worried ③calm
第三步
1.stay at home
2.（1）①downstairs ②their important documents and disaster supplies
（2）①on the radio ②comfort ③hugged
第四步
After a brief discussion， Mum and Dad decided they should stay in the house.They thought it would be really dangerous to try to walk through the water to get to higher ground.
“Mary， we’ll have to go upstairs and wait there，” said Mum.
“OK， Mum.If that’s what you think is best，” Mary replied uncertainly.
So they went upstairs and waited.Downstairs， water started flooding into the living room and kitchen.All three of them were nervous， but at least they had enough supplies， including food and drinking water.
Finally， the rain stopped， but Mary and her family could not leave while the house was still flooded.They listened to the radio and learnt that rescue workers in boats were coming to rescue people who were trapped in their homes.They waited for a boat to arrive at their house.Their home had been badly damaged， but they were all happy to be alive.
即时演练
Halfway through the day， my friend and I couldn’t feel our toes.The icy wind started howling， cutting my face like a sharp knife.We sat down on the ground in Times Square， took off each other’s shoes， and shoved in some hand-warmers.We ate cheese sticks covered in turkey， jumped up and down， and did pretty much anything we could think of to stay warm.The temperature kept dropping， but our spirits never did， at least not enough to make us actually want to leave.We joked and laughed， waiting for the magic moment.
“Three， two， one.Happy New Year！” we screamed the words as loud as possible.The clock struck midnight！ Before we knew it， performers were singing， and we were singing along excitedly.With the crowd cheering in a loud collective voice， we finally understood what it felt like to be present at the celebration in person， in such a state of joy， with tens of thousands of people from all over the world.Lily leaned on my shoulder with happiness on her face.Whatever exhaustion and cold we’d previously felt was forgotten， and we knew we had done something amazing together.
【核心知识·巧突破】
1.①否则，不然 ②除此以外 ③wouldn’t have managed ④Seize the chance， otherwise you will regret it.
2.①curiously ②curiosity ③to know ④Curious about everything ⑤Out of curiosity
4 / 5(共92张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
续写一篇关于洪灾的故事
1
写作指导·增底蕴
目 录
2
典例体验 · 提素能
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
写作指导·增底蕴
储备写作素材
1
本单元写作任务是续写一篇关于洪灾的故事，属于叙事类记叙
文。叙事类记叙文以叙述事件为主，着重描述事件发生的时间、地
点、人物、起因、经过和结果，通过叙述一件事来说明一个道理或表
达一种思想感情，或给读者一种启迪。
读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合起来进行考查的新题型。
读后续写具有如下特点：一是续写不是随心所欲的，要根据所给材料
及段落开头语完成续写部分；二是读后续写所给的材料多为记叙文，
情节曲折且逻辑性比较强；三是读后续写要求读写并重，也就是要读
透所给材料，对文章线索做到精确理解，这样才能使续写内容不偏离
主题；四是续写部分的思路和内容并不是唯一的，学生可以根据自己
对文章的理解，对文章的结尾作不同的诠释。
续写时要注意以下几点：
1. 精读所给语言材料，真正读懂原文，熟悉故事脉络，明确文章的主
旨大意。
2. 寻找原文内容与续写首句之间的内在联系，站在作者的角度设计情
节，想象要合理，情节要连贯。
3. 续写情节一般为故事的高潮或结局，是原作者声音的延续，因此，
要尽量符合原作者的思路，并求得与读者的心理共鸣。
4. 设计的结局要尽量完美，即所续写内容要积极、健康，把事物美好
的一面展现给读者。
5. 利用已有的知识经验，在延续原作的风格和语言的基础之上，准
确、地道地表达，同时提高关联词与过渡语的使用率，增强整句的
表现力。
一、写作常用词汇
1. nervous adj. 紧张不安的
2. rescue n.& vt. 营救，救援
3. comfort vt. 安慰
4. rain non-stop 雨下个不停
5. in panic 恐慌地
6. flood in 涌入
7. be trapped in 困于……之中
8. at a loss 不知所措
9. keep one’s head 保持头脑清醒
10. force the door open 撞开门
11. rush out 冲出去
12. disaster supplies 赈灾物资
13. in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
14. a first-aid kit 一套急救用品
15. stay/keep calm 保持冷静
16. call an emergency 打紧急电话
17. in shock 震惊；吃惊
18. sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
二、写作常用句式（注意加蓝部分的表达）
（一）人物对话描写
“Mum， Dad，” said Mary suddenly， “I think we should leave
here right away！”
“No，” said Dad.“It’s too late！ The radio says the city has
already been flooded.”
“We can drive our car through the floodwater！ Let’s just leave！
I’m really scared！” cried Mary.
“We can’t do that， honey，” explained Mum， “otherwise
the moving water could wash the car away！”
“Don’t open the door！” shouted Mum and Dad at the same
time.“The water may flood in！”
“Mary， don’t worry.Everything’s going to be OK，” she said
softly， trying her best to comfort Mary.
（二）场景描写
1. It had been raining non-stop for three days.
2. The wind roared and the rain beat on the roof and windows.
3. The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain
more frightening outside.
（三）动作描写
1. Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside.
2. Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio， while Mum was
putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag.
3. Mary walked to the door.She was curious to see how much water there
was outside.
4. Dad moved the dinner table against the door， in case the floodwater
forced the door open.
5. Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa.
6. Without saying a single word， Dad walked to the sofa， sat down
and hugged his wife and daughter.
典例体验 · 提素能
点拨写作技法
2
课文Caught in a flood讲述了一个家庭遭遇洪水的故事，请阅读课
文，根据文中所给信息续写这个故事，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续
写词数应为150左右。
第一步：泛读，把握文章要素
第二步：精读，理清故事线索
1. 情节发展线
2. 情感变化线
第三步：构思，推测续写情节
1. 先根据文中已知信息，预测结果
“Mum， Dad，” said Mary suddenly， “I think we should leave
here right away！” “No，” said Dad.“It’s too late！ The radio
says the city has already been flooded.”...“We can’t do that，
honey，” explained Mum， “otherwise the moving water could
wash the car away！”
结果：Mary and her family will waiting for rescue.
stay at home
2. 后根据文本发展线索，推断细节
What safety tips can be used to protect themselves？ Will there be any
emotional changes？
（1）根据文章第一段的Mary and her parents were ①
in the living room； Mum was putting ②
into a bag.可勾勒出下面续
写部分的一些细节。
续写：到楼上之后，他们松了一口气。楼下洪水已经涌进了
整个起居室。他们都很紧张。幸运的是，他们有足够的食物
和水。
downstairs
their important
documents and disaster supplies
（2）根据文章中的Dad was listening to a weather report ①
； The radio says the city has already been flooded；
“Mary， don’t worry.Everything’s going to be OK，” she
said softly， trying her best to ② Mary； Dad
walked to the sofa， sat down and ③ his wife and
daughter.可勾勒出下面续写部分的一些细节。
续写：爸爸安慰、鼓励她们。后来他们从收音机中得知政府
正在组织救援队乘船来营救困在家里的人们。想到即将得
救，他们激动不已。
on the
radio
comfort
hugged
第四步：续写，优化润色成文
续写时，要正确利用对话、场景和动作。遵循与原有的语言风格
保持一致的原则。
After a brief discussion， Mum and Dad decided they should stay
in the house.They thought it would be really dangerous to try to walk
through the water to get to higher ground.
“Mary， we’ll have to go upstairs and wait there，” said
Mum.
“OK， Mum.If that’s what you think is best，” Mary replied
uncertainly.
So they went upstairs and waited.Downstairs， water started
flooding into the living room and kitchen.All three of them were
nervous， but at least they had enough supplies， including food and
drinking water.
Finally， the rain stopped， but Mary and her family could not
leave while the house was still flooded.They listened to the radio and
learnt that rescue workers in boats were coming to rescue people who were
trapped in their homes.They waited for a boat to arrive at their
house.Their home had been badly damaged， but they were all happy to
be alive.
【即时演练】
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
My best friend Lily and I met in high school.Ever since then， we
had spent New Year’s Eve together.We’d watch the New Year’s
celebration in Times Square together on TV， a world-renowned tradition
for millions to welcome the new year.Every year， thousands of people
will gather in Times Square in New York in person on New Year’s Eve
counting down to the new year， with celebrations and performances after
midnight.And we’d always say that one day we should go there ourselves.
Then we both went to college.Struggling through exams and
schoolwork， we had little time to meet up.We missed each other terribly
and decided it was time to finally go to New York ourselves， to be
present at the New Year’s celebration， and to do something fun together.
We worked out our schedule， bought tickets for everything and，
most importantly， planned how to survive the long hours of waiting in the
biting cold before the celebration—we wanted the best spot possible， and
there’s only so much space， so we had no choice but to get to the Times
Square early.
When the big day finally arrived， it became snowy and colder than
any cold we had ever experienced.Actually it was one of the coldest New
Year’s Eves on record.Everyone thought we were going to back out.
But we didn’t.We didn’t make it that far to back out.
We woke up and set off early.And， of course， we did freeze along
the way， but we kept cheering each other up.Once we got there， we
found our way to the line pretty quickly， considering everyone else was
pushing their way in the same direction.We got in line and waited to
finally get into our area in the Times Square， which thankfully was pretty
spacious and close to the stage.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Halfway through the day， my friend and I couldn’t feel our toes.
“Three， two， one.Happy New Year！” we screamed the words as loud as possible.
参考范文：
Halfway through the day， my friend and I couldn’t feel our
toes.The icy wind started howling， cutting my face like a sharp
knife.We sat down on the ground in Times Square， took off each
other’s shoes， and shoved in some hand-warmers.We ate cheese sticks
covered in turkey， jumped up and down， and did pretty much anything
we could think of to stay warm.The temperature kept dropping， but our
spirits never did， at least not enough to make us actually want to
leave.We joked and laughed， waiting for the magic moment.
“Three， two， one.Happy New Year！” we screamed the words
as loud as possible.The clock struck midnight！ Before we knew it，
performers were singing， and we were singing along excitedly.With the
crowd cheering in a loud collective voice， we finally understood what it
felt like to be present at the celebration in person， in such a state of joy，
with tens of thousands of people from all over the world.Lily leaned on
my shoulder with happiness on her face.Whatever exhaustion and cold
we’d previously felt was forgotten， and we knew we had done
something amazing together.
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
otherwise adv.否则，不然；除此以外
【教材原句】 “We can’t do that， honey，” explained Mum，
“otherwise the moving water could wash the car away！”“亲爱的，
我们不能那样做，”妈妈解释道，“否则流动的水会把车冲走的！”
【用法】
（1）otherwise＝or/or else 否则，不然
常用句型：祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句
（2）otherwise＝in the other way/in a different way 以其他方式；另；亦
（3）otherwise作副词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后
的句子用虚拟语气
（4）or otherwise 或其他情况；或相反
【佳句】 You have to go now， otherwise you’ll miss your bus.你现
在就得走，要不然就赶不上公共汽车了。
I’ve got a cold — otherwise I would love to see the film with you.
我感冒了——否则我会很乐意和你一起去看电影。
【练透】 语境辨义/完成句子
①We must hurry， otherwise we’ll miss the train.
②There was some music playing upstairs.Otherwise the house was silent.
③Thanks for your suggestion， otherwise I to solve this problem.
谢谢你的建议，要不然我不会顺利地解决这个问题。
否则，不然
除此以外
wouldn’t have managed
【写美】 句型转换
④If you don’t seize the chance， you will regret it.
→ （otherwise）
Seize the chance， otherwise you will regret it.
curious adj.好奇的；奇特的
【教材原句】 She was curious to see how much water there was
outside.
她好奇地想看看外面有多少水。
【用法】
（1）be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth 渴望做某事
it is curious that ... 不寻常的是……
（2）curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心
with curiosity 好奇地
out of curiosity 出于好奇
meet/satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
（3）curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪的是
【佳句】 In high school， I was curious about the computer and built
my first website.
中学时，我对电脑很好奇，并建立了我的第一个网站。
It is good to be curious about the world around you because curiosity is
the best teacher.
对你周围的世界感到好奇是件好事，因为好奇是最好的老师。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Liz picked up the blue envelope and turned it over
（curious）.
②The little girl looked at me with （curious）.
③People gathered round， curious （know） what was
happening in the distance.
curiously
curiosity
to know
【写美】 根据汉语提示完成句子
④ （对一切感到好奇）， we walked
about in the school.
⑤ （出于好奇）， the girl can’t wait to open the
envelope.
Curious about everything
Out of curiosity
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. She rushed d and burst into the kitchen.
2. He didn’t work hard at English， o he wouldn’t find it
difficult to learn now.
3. C ， she opened it and saw a bottle of perfume， half filled.
4. The farm and surrounding area were （淹没）.
ownstairs
therwise
urious
flooded
5. Add more （蜂蜜） if you have a sweet tooth.
6. The foreign ministers of the two countries signed the
（文件） today.
honey
documents
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. The letter wasn’t addressed to me but I opened it out of
（curious）.
2. To our great relief， donations began （flood） in from
hundreds of people.
3. Causes of the disease have been well （document）.
curiosity
flooding
documented
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. Telephone calls from all over the country.
全国各地的电话像潮水般打来。
2. She showered， dressed herself and .
她冲了澡，穿上衣服下楼去了。
3. Do come to school on time， .
一定要按时到校，否则你将受到惩罚。
came flooding in
went downstairs
otherwise you shall be punished
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Somalia， Kenya， and now Ethiopia are warning of a serious
drought that affects millions of people in Eastern Africa.In Ethiopia’s
Somali area， people have seen the failures of what should have been
three straight rainy seasons.Droughts do come and go over the
years.However， the lack of rainfall has led to the driest conditions in 40
years in parts of Somalia and Ethiopia.
UNICEF is the United Nations’ children’s agency.Local Zaynab
Wali told a visiting team with UNICEF that she and her seven children had
never seen a drought like this.She said the government gave out food for
animals during the last drought five years ago.“This time， we even
don’t have enough food for our family.”
Children walk among the bodies of dead animals，which died from
lack of food and energy.Somalia Consortium works to improve
international aid for Somalia.It said in a separate statement that in
Somalia， more than 7 million people need emergency help.It is asking
international organizations to give much more to the country.
“We are just one month into the long dry season， and I have
already lost 25 goats and sheep，” Hafsa Bedel in Ethiopia’s Somali
area told UNICEF. She also lost four camels， a large desert animal， as
well.She said there was nowhere for her animals to eat.She added that
there was not enough food for her own family， including her six
children.
UNICEF thinks that more than 150，000 children in such areas of
Ethiopia have dropped out of school.They are needed to help find the
limited amount of water and help their families with other work.
One young boy was seen supporting an animal，a donkey.The
donkey was once important for carrying goods.But now， it had become
too weak to walk on its own.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。东非地区出现严重干旱。文章对
干旱原因和给东非人民和动物所带来的巨大影响作了具体阐述。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。东非地区出现严重干旱。文章对
干旱原因和给东非人民和动物所带来的巨大影响作了具体阐述。
1. Why did Zaynab Wali mention the last drought？（ ）
A. To show the need to protect animals.
B. To express her disappointment this time.
C. To prove the high frequency of drought.
D. To praise the government for its timely help.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，Zaynab
Wali提到在上次的干旱中，政府甚至为动物分发食物，而在这
次干旱中她和家人的食物都短缺，言外之意是政府这次的安排
与上次相比是很不妥的。由此推断，她是想表达她对于这次干
旱政府的安排的失望。
2. What is Somalia Consortium trying to do now？（ ）
A. Get more foreign help.
B. Warn people of the risk of drought.
C. Offer more education to the children there.
D. Make clear the number of people in need.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句可知，索马里联合会
在努力获得更多的国外援助。
3. What does the last paragraph mainly want to tell us？（ ）
A. The seriousness of the drought.
B. The functions of animals in farming.
C. The sweet picture of the boy and the animal.
D. The importance of taking care of the weak animal.
解析： 段落大意题。根据最后一段可知，驴现在虚弱得都不能
自己走路了，更别谈运货了，结合上文可知，这是因干旱而导致动
物没有食物吃所造成的。故本段主要想告诉我们干旱的严重性。
4. Which is the most suitable title for the text？（ ）
A. Drought in Eastern Africa Leaves Animals in Danger
B. UN Officials Care for Children Affected by Drought
C. Millions Face Risk as Drought Affects Eastern Africa
D. Drought Makes People of Eastern Africa Leave Their Home
解析： 标题归纳题。根据文章第一句可知，索马里、肯尼亚和
埃塞俄比亚都警告说，东非出现严重干旱，影响数百万人，后面段
落对这次干旱的情况作了具体介绍。由此可知，本文是围绕“干旱
影响东非，使数百万人面临风险”这一话题进行阐述的。因此，C
项最适合作文章标题。
B
It was 8 June 1816 and it was early summer in Vermont， US. Yet，
a wild winter snow-storm was going on.Nearly a foot of snow covered the
fields which had been planted crops only weeks before.This storm would
kill all of the crops.At the time， people struggled to understand what had
caused the weather to change so wildly.It is only now，more than 200
years later， that scientists have finally solved the mystery.The cause of
the extreme weather was an event that took place a year earlier and 10，
000 miles away.It all started with a volcano called Mount Tambora.
Mount Tambora sits on the island of Sumbawa， a beautiful land with
rushing streams， gentle hills， and thick jungles， in Indonesia.Nobody
had any reason to think the peaceful mountain was in fact a volcano.It had
been asleep for centuries， but on 5 April 1815， Tambora woke up.
The first eruption shook the island and sent up streams of fire and
ash.But that was nothing compared with what would come five days
later， on 10 April.The volcano exploded with a huge cloud of gas， fire
and ash shot high into the sky.The day turned midnight black， but the
mountain turned red as rivers of lava （岩浆） flowed down the
mountain.
The eruption went on for more than three days，which instantly
killed at least 12，000 people living on and around Mount Tambora.Ash
and lava ruined the island’s soil and poisoned its rivers and streams.Rice
fields were destroyed.No fruits or vegetables would grow.
There were no fish to catch； almost every animal had been
killed.The eruption of Tambora in 1815 was the deadliest and most
powerful volcanic eruption in human history.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章由1816年美国佛蒙特州的夏季
暴雪为切入点，介绍了在1815年4月5日，沉睡了几个世纪的坦博拉
火山喷发了，坦博拉火山的喷发是当时人类历史上最致命、威力最
大的火山爆发。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章由1816年美国佛蒙特州的夏季
暴雪为切入点，介绍了在1815年4月5日，沉睡了几个世纪的坦博拉
火山喷发了，坦博拉火山的喷发是当时人类历史上最致命、威力最
大的火山爆发。
5. What’s the purpose of the first paragraph？（ ）
A. To lead in the topic.
B. To present an argument.
C. To introduce Vermont.
D. To explain the cause of a volcano.
解析： 目的意图题。根据第一段最后两句，并结合下文讲述的
坦博拉火山的爆发及造成的伤害可知，第一段的目的是引入话题。
6. When did Mount Tambora start erupting？（ ）
A. On 8 June 1816. B. On 13 April 1816.
C. On 5 April 1815. D. On 10 April 1815.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，坦博拉火山开
始喷发的时间是1815年4月5日。
7. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph？（ ）
A. The process of the eruption was made up of three stages.
B. Tambora asleep for centuries woke up in the end.
C. The eruption of Tambora broke a historic record.
D. The eruption of Tambora led to a terrible disaster.
解析： 段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，该段主要介绍坦
博拉火山的爆发导致了一场可怕的灾难。
C
Some of the most attractive pictures to come out of the Alaska
earthquake are the photos that show slope （斜坡） failures， in which
parts of formerly solid hills caved in， tore or let loose.And if there
happened to be a road or building on top of the slopes that failed， the
result was horrible.
Slopes can fail without earthquakes， as the result of pouring rain or
weathering.But the shaking caused by a quake — particularly a large one
like what occurred near Anchorage on Friday — can either speed up the
process or create entirely new failures that wouldn’t have other-wise
happened.
Several slope failures were documented in the Anchorage area in the
hours after the earthquake on Friday， the most interesting of which was
on Vine Road southwest of Wasilla.It’s as if someone came along with a
large destroying ball and dropped it on Vine Road， which wrinkled like a
broken egg.
Scientists seemed surprised at how many slope failures occurred as a
result of the 7.0-magnitude （震级） quake.The center of the quake was
deep， at 27 miles below the surface — a key reason why the damage in
Anchorage was relatively light.Such an earthquake would be expected to
produce shaking over a large area， but probably with reasonably modest
top ground accelerations， Friday’s earthquake would certainly be felt，
but the surface of Earth wouldn’t be moving badly enough to produce
widespread landslides.
Photos from Alaska show a lot of lateral （横向的） spread， in
which the ground tears open.Whatever is on top of the ground at the place
it tears in half is also torn in half afterwards， like highways or
buildings.The buildings surrounding the spread are also at risk of damage
because of the force of the ground spreading out away from the
tear.There’s also documentation of block spread，in which part of the
ground breaks off a hill and slides away mostly perfect.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过照片描述了阿拉斯加地震
后的景象，包括地震对山体滑坡所造成的影响。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过照片描述了阿拉斯加地震
后的景象，包括地震对山体滑坡所造成的影响。
8. What do we know about slope failures？（ ）
A. They may cause earthquakes.
B. They usually happen with a road on top.
C. They always happen with earthquakes.
D. They may pull parts of the hills apart.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，山体滑坡时会造
成山体的分开。
9. What can we infer from Paragraph 2？（ ）
A. Earthquakes have a great effect on slope failures.
B. Most slope failures occur after the pouring rain.
C. Earthquakes result in slope failures immediately.
D. Slope failures occur mainly with large earthquakes.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，地震可能会加速山
体滑坡的过程或造成新的山体滑坡。由此推断，地震对山体滑坡有巨
大的影响。
10. What did the scientists think of the Alaska earthquake on Friday？
（ ）
A. It produced shaking over a large area.
B. It caused fewer slope failures than expected.
C. It wasn’t felt for its deep center.
D. It didn’t produce landslides.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，这次地震可
以被感知到，但并没有造成地表严重移动，从而引起大范围的山
体滑坡，这个结果出乎科学家的意料。
11. In which circumstance can we find the ground slides down a hill
almost unbroken？（ ）
A. Landslides. B. Slope failures.
C. Block spread. D. Lateral spread.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，在块状扩
散的情况下，部分地面脱离山丘，会非常完整地滑落。
D
The European Space Agency （ESA） is working with NASA to
create a shared time system for the moon.
There hasn’t been a need for the moon to have its own time.Each
country that sent a mission （太空飞行任务） to the moon simply used
its own time system.But now， lots of lunar missions from different
countries are planned for the coming years.These missions will need to
communicate with each other.
On Earth， most countries base their times on Coordinated Universal Time （UTC）.For example， the eastern United States is five hours behind UTC. Much of Europe and Africa is one hour ahead.To keep things simple and fair， the International Space Station （ISS） also uses UTC. Using UTC on the moon is one option.Space agencies could send a UTC time signal to the moon， just like they do with the ISS.
But there are some problems with the idea.If the UTC time signal
failed， systems that depended on it could also fail.Another problem with
using UTC is that the moon’s days are very different from Earth
days.One full day on the moon lasts about 29.5 Earth days.What makes
the problem especially tricky is that moon time really is different.Gravity
affects how quickly time passes.Because the moon has about 1/6 of the
Earth’s gravity， clocks there would run faster.
One of the main reasons ESA and NASA want to decide on a moon
time isn’t just for people， but for machines.The space agencies will be
sending lots of satellites to the moon over the next few years.The goal is to
use the satellites to create a lunar GPS， so that astronauts and rovers （探
测器） can figure out where they are instantly.But for a GPS system to
work， the satellites must have very precise （精确的） timing.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。欧洲航天局和美国航空航天局正
致力于创建一个月球共享时间系统，以方便不同国家的月球任务顺
利开展。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。欧洲航天局和美国航空航天局正
致力于创建一个月球共享时间系统，以方便不同国家的月球任务顺
利开展。
12. Why does the moon need to have its own time？（ ）
A. To complete different lunar missions smoothly.
B. To help people know the time when on the moon.
C. To make satellites sent to the moon work well.
D. To help people explore other planets.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的But now， lots of lunar
missions from different countries are planned for the coming
years.These missions will need to communicate with each other.可
知，创建月球共享时间系统的目的是让不同国家的月球任务能顺
利地沟通交流。
13. What can we learn about UTC？（ ）
A. Italy is five hours behind UTC.
B. The clocks on the ISS are set to UTC.
C. The western US is one hour ahead of UTC.
D. Most countries use UTC while doing lunar missions.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的the International Space
Station （ISS） also uses UTC ...Space agencies could send a UTC
time signal to the moon， just like they do with the ISS. 可知，在国
际空间站（ISS）中，人们使用协调世界时（UTC）。
14. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about？（ ）
A. The necessity of studying gravity on the moon.
B. How a shared system on Earth is developed.
C. Why UTC may not be used on the moon.
D. The ways to improve UTC.
解析： 段落大意题。第四段中指出，在月球上使用UTC难点
有二：一是UTC信号可能会接收不成功，导致整个系统瘫痪；二
是月球上的一天与地球上的一天时间长短不同，受重力影响，月
球上的时间流逝速度比地球上的快。故本段主要说明了为何UTC
在月球上可能不可行。
15. The author mentions satellites in the last paragraph to .
（ ）
A. show the importance of lunar time
B. describe the history of lunar missions
C. discuss the future of lunar exploration
D. stress the necessity to create a lunar GPS
解析： 推理判断题。最后一段首先指出欧洲航天局和美国航
空航天局想要创建月球时间不仅是为了人，也是为了机器；随后
指出航天局未来几年会向月球发射大量人造卫星，旨在建立月球
定位系统，来帮助航天员和探测器确定位置；最后指出该定位系
统的运转需要人造卫星有非常精确的定时。由此推知，最后一段
提及人造卫星是为了表明月球时间的重要性。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
If you have been exposed to a natural disaster （for example， a
tornado or hurricane）， it’s very important to learn ways of coping with
them and their impact.Natural disasters can be considered dangerous
events that have a high potential to place you at risk.16.（ ） Unlike
other traumatic （痛苦的） events， natural disasters can also result in
the destruction of property and financial loss， further affecting your stress
levels and disrupting （扰乱） coping efforts.Despite the effects of
natural disasters， there are steps you can take to cope.
17. （ ） Over and over again， it has been found that support
from others can be a major factor in helping people overcome the negative
effects of a traumatic event.Given that a natural disaster can impact an
entire community， your support system may be weakened by a natural
disaster.
Try to establish a schedule.18.（ ）A natural disaster can
greatly disrupt your regular schedule increasing the extent to which your
life feels out of ing up with a daily， structured schedule can
help you establish a sense of predictability and control.
Talk about the effect of the natural disaster.19.（ ） A natural
disaster can result in strong feelings of anger， anxiety， and
sadness.These emotions need to be expressed.If you hold them in， they
may only grow stronger.
Practice healthy coping strategies.Following a natural disaster，
you’ll experience a number of intense negative emotions.20.（ ）
Alcohol use， excessive sleep， or seeking comfort in food may be
effective short-term strategies.However， in the long term， these
strategies won’t address the real issue and will only cause your distress to
increase.
A. Seek out and connect with social support.
B. Try to limit all the other sources of stress in your life.
C. For example， set regular times for meals， or waking up in the
morning.
D. Natural disasters can bring about high levels of stress， anxiety， and
anger.
E. Share your feelings with others， or find some ways to express your
emotions.
F. Therefore， it is very important to identify healthy ways of managing
these emotions.
G. Your most important task following a natural disaster is getting your
life back in order.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉人们如何来处理经历自然
灾害之后不适的情绪。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉人们如何来处理经历自然
灾害之后不适的情绪。
16. D 根据下文可知，自然灾害不但会造成财产损失，而且还会造
成心理上的压力。D项（自然灾害会带来高强度的压力、焦虑和愤
怒）符合语境。
17. A 设空处位于段首，为本段主旨句。根据下文可知，本段建议
要在其他人那里寻求帮助和支持。A项（寻找并联系社会支持）符合
语境。
18. C 根据本段主旨句Try to establish a schedule.可知，本段建议制
订一个时间表，所以此处应具体来解释这个做法。C项（例如，固定
吃饭时间或者早上起床时间）举例说明要建立时间表，符合语境。
19. E 根据本段主旨句Talk about the effect of the natural disaster.可
知，本段建议通过和其他人交流的方式来释放自己压抑的情感。E项
（与他人分享你的感受或者找一些方式来表达你的情绪）符合语境。
20. F 根据空前内容可知，在自然灾害中有强烈的消极情感后，一定
要用健康的方法去调整这样的情绪。F项（因此，找到管理这些情绪
的健康方式是非常重要的）符合语境。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是学校英语报的记者李华，上周学校组织学生去少年宫
（the Children’s Palace）参加活动，让学生在虚拟现实（VR）环境
中体验自然灾害。请你以Our Experience Activity为题写一篇报道，要
点如下：
1. 活动目的、时间等；
2. 体验的内容及感悟。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Our Experience Activity
参考范文：
Our Experience Activity
Our school organized us to participate in an activity in the
Children’s Palace from 2：00 p.m.to 5：30 p.m. on 17 December，
which was aimed to help us learn more about natural disasters.
During the activity， we learned some basic ways to deal with
distinct natural disasters.We also experienced natural disasters such as an
earthquake， a flood， a tornado， a tsunami and a volcanic eruption in
VR， where we deeply felt the danger of natural pared to
the knowledge we have gained in our class， what we have learnt in the
activity is practical and instructive.
谢谢观看！
