Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空。
1.The question （discuss） now has something to do with nature.
2.It rained heavily for three hours in a row， （cause） great damage to the crops.
3.You must provide a medical certificate （indicate） you are fit to work.
4.Not （know） how to do it， he turned to the engineer for help.
5.Sarah pretended to be cheerful， （say） nothing about the argument.
6. （finish） his homework， Li Ming went on to help his mother with some housework.
7.If you want to smoke， please go to the （smoke） room.
8.The next thing he saw was smoke （rise） from behind the house.
9. （hit） by the big boy on the nose， the little boy began to cry.
10.When I saw the dog （beat） by several boys， I came up to stop them.
维度二：语法与写作
完成句子。
1.The lifeguard was keeping a watch on the children .
救生员正在关注在海浪中玩耍的孩子们。
2.Several students are reading books .
几个学生正在候车室读书。
3.Even headlines of the articles can give you a handle on the topic .
文章的标题也足以让你了解正在讨论的话题。
4.You shouldn’t .
你不应该让他等那么久。
5. ， I gave him a call.
由于没有收到他的任何来信， 我给他打了一个电话。
6.There are to welcome the old professor.
有很多学生正列队欢迎这位老教授。
维度三：语法与语篇
根据汉语提示，用动词-ing形式完成下面一封书信。
Dear Wang Ping，
How are you？ 1. （听说你很想念我）， I’m very glad and grateful.
Our school is very large and beautiful.I am glad to meet many helpful teachers and schoolmates， all of them 2. （和我相处得很好）.
Life in senior high school is stressful.I 3. （发现许多学生在阅览室读书） even on weekends.
Now I still miss you and often think of 4. （令人激动的日子） when we helped each other and shared our happiness and sadness.
5. （在初中读书） is really a good memory for me.We are true friends.I hope we’ll keep in touch with each other and be friends forever.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Social media apps have made a permanent home in many people’s phones and spending time on social media has become as much of a daily activity as eating food or drinking water.Since so many people — especially kids， teens， and young adults — are on it for much of their days， there is increased concern over what social media is doing to people with its overwhelming information.Many argue that social media is an unhealthy way to pass the time， and false information from online is causing panic and confusion.
While social media may sometimes be linked to negativity， it is not as bad as many make it out to be.In fact， it has given birth to a whole new way to advocate for important movements， and it’s easy to spread one’s message to reach a large audience.Activists online can create informational fliers， post resources to further educate people on any given topic， and interact with like-minded people that want to help as well within a matter of minutes without even having to leave the house.
Honieh Hemati， a social activist， expressed her opinion on social media.“It can be really educational and inspirational.Sometimes it can open your eyes to a new perspective （视角） you wouldn’t have seen yourself，” she explained.
It is unjust to demonize （使妖魔化） social media， when it seems that most issues around social media are user errors， like anyone complaining there are too many people voicing opinions they don’t agree with， or being addicted to social media.It really is up to the individual — how they think of social media， and how they make use of it.People who have any grasp on reality wouldn’t spend every waking second on the phone， and they are responsible for what they post online.
1.What are people worried about in terms of social media？（ ）
A.Confusion and panic it causes for young people.
B.Difficulty to delete apps once they are downloaded.
C.Unhealthy habits of using it while eating or drinking.
D.Bad effects it brings about with too much information.
2.What does Honieh Hemati think of social media？（ ）
A.Harmful. B.Changeable.
C.Beneficial. D.Addictive.
3.What does the author advise people to do with social media？（ ）
A.Forbid the young from it. B.Mind how they see it and use it.
C.Be aware of the errors on it. D.Make the most and best use of it.
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？（ ）
A.Social Media： Now or Never！
B.Social Media： Demon or Angel？
C.Activists： Social Media Are Helpful
D.Teens： Stay Away from Social Media
B
Microsoft greeted the start of a new era for the Internet last night， saying that it would improve its search engine and browser （浏览器） using artificial intelligence.The technology behind the viral ChatGPT service will be integrated into the American software group’s products.
Bing， Microsoft’s search site， and Edge， its online browser， would be upgraded to generate everything from recipes and shopping suggestions to draft emails and social media posts in response to inquiries from users， the company said.
Microsoft revealed its plans a day after Google had announced Bard， its own chatbot， and promised further to integrate AI into its search engine.The two companies are racing to dominate AI， betting that it will revolutionise the way in which people gather information online.“Rapid innovation is going to come，” said Satya Nadella， chairman and chief executive of Microsoft.“AI will fundamentally change every software category， starting with the largest category of all： search.”
Bing would be powered by AI， and the new iteration will answer questions in a similar， conversational fashion to ChatGPT， Microsoft said.It could draft a plan for a trip to Mexico， for example， before estimating the cost and drafting an email setting out the plan for other travellers， in response to follow-up inquiries.Other queries suggested by Microsoft included whether an Ikea loveseat would fit into a 2019 Honda Odyssey and what an electronic music fan’s first festival should be.
A panel in the company’s Edge browser will be able to compose messages or social media posts for users， based on commands regarding content， tone， format and length.
Analysts have suggested that AI could transform online search and could pose a serious threat to Google， the market leader.Bing is trying to overtake Google after enduring years in its shadow.Google， which is owned by Alphabet， once claimed that the most searched-for term on Bing was “Google”.
5.How would Microsoft update its products？（ ）
A.Combine its search engine and browser.
B.Release new search engines and browsers.
C.Equip them with the latest AI technology.
D.Update its service based on users’ inquiries.
6. What would Satya Nadella probably agree with？（ ）
A.AI will take on the responsibility to improve software.
B.The application of AI will change people’s lives rapidly.
C.A search engine is the most important software for computers.
D.People’s way of gathering information online will be completely changed.
7.What does the underlined word “iteration” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？（ ）
A.Edition. B.Invention.
C.Application. D.Equipment.
8.What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A.AI will basically change every software category.
B.Bing has become the leader of developing chatbots.
C.Google has been preferred by more people than Bing.
D.Microsoft is trying to beat Google in online searching.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Use Social Media Positively
Nowadays so common is social media in our society that almost everyone is connected to some form of it， whether it is Twitter， Facebook or even Pinterest.We are in a fast-paced， technologically evolving society and we are addicted to social media.9.（ ）
So how does one ensure a positive online reputation？ It’s simple：
Keep it clean.Party photos with alcohol are an absolute no-no.Would you want to have your boss see these photos？ 10.（ ） Make sure to post contents that you feel positively reflect you， your creativity and your skills.
11.（ ） You have a private Twitter account so you can post anything you want.This is decidedly not the case.Privacy settings make it harder to see your full account， but it’s not impossible.In no circumstances should you rely on privacy settings as a way to protect inappropriate contents.
Ensure you’re careful and professional.Keep it classy （优等的）！ Discover your brand， or what you want people to think of you.Proper spelling and grammar is always a plus， but it may not be your brand.12.（ ） In this way， you can earn approval.
Follow these simple rules and you’re on your way to building， or restoring an online reputation.Using social media positively doesn’t mean you can’t have fun and use it to express yourself； however， you want to ensure that you’re OK with anyone seeing everything you post.13.（ ） So make an attempt to get your friends active and happy.
Like it or not， your social networks reflect you — make sure you look like the shining star that you truly are.
A.Don’t trust privacy settings.
B.Try to do everything as well as you can.
C.Make sure your post is written personally.
D.Be entirely sure about what you’re posting.
E.In fact， we long for social media and need it.
F.Social media is very fast to use but very difficult.
G.Once you click “Post”， there’s no looking back.
Ⅲ.完形填空
I’ve never met my grandmother， but a pleasant dessert created a bridge connecting me to her.When my mother 14 her mother’s famous pound cake， the aroma （香气） of the batter （面糊） would fill the house.I would run into the kitchen， waiting to taste the batter.
This pound cake had an extraordinary 15 and orders began rushing in.My mother would make hundreds of cakes and I was always there.Each time I felt 16 ， like the arms of my grandmother holding me.My mother didn’t keep this recipe a（n） 17 and although others tried to 18 this work of art， they always found something was missing.I knew one day I would have to 19 to bake this famous pound cake.What if， like all the others who tried， I didn’t have what it takes to 20 make this family recipe？
I purchased all the ingredients and made sure I 21 everything.Then， I ran into the kitchen and took out that cake pan.I was the third generation to 22 it.My mother guided me through each step via video chat.I couldn’t help but 23 that bridge again， which connected me to my grandmother.
24 the once-so-little girl running into the kitchen to 25 the cake batter， I was now the one in the kitchen.Using the 26 cake pan that my grandmother used to bake her cakes， I 27 everyone my perfect replica of our family recipe.I valued this family 28 .
14.（ ）A.received B.mentioned
C.baked D.ate
15.（ ）A.meaning B.reputation
C.decoration D.name
16.（ ）A.closeness B.loneliness
C.nervousness D.cleverness
17.（ ）A.example B.reward
C.secret D.memory
18.（ ）A.share B.protect
C.appreciate D.copy
19.（ ）A.agree B.promise
C.attempt D.manage
20.（ ）A.automatically B.successfully
C.quickly D.formally
21.（ ）A.saved B.replaced
C.forgot D.prepared
22.（ ）A.explain B.use
C.improve D.seek
23.（ ）A.clean B.explore
C.cross D.picture
24.（ ）A.Apart from B.As for
C.Ahead of D.Instead of
25.（ ）A.deliver B.taste
C.make D.recall
26.（ ）A.same B.big
C.cheap D.safe
27.（ ）A.ignored B.hid
C.showed D.donated
28.（ ）A.tradition B.meeting
C.saying D.introduction
Ⅳ.语法填空
I’m Trisha Prabhu.My first book， ReThink the Internet： How to Make the Digital World a Lot Less Sucky， 29. （publish） by Philomel Books on 31 May 2022.It’s a first-of-its-kind， “by-youth， for-youth” guide to help a 3rd — 7th grade audience make their way in the digital world with confidence.Through 30. series of funny stories， I offer 7 important lessons — 31. （range） from how to avoid too much screen time to how to stay calm online — with the goal of equipping young people with the skills they need to be responsible digital citizens.
Throughout my nearly 9-year career as the 32. （found） and CEO of ReThink， an anti-hate app 33. stops cyberbullying （网络欺凌）， I quickly realized that
while today’s generation is tech-savvy （精通技术的）， they don’t know how to be a good digital citizen.I set out to create a “survival guide” 34. the Internet I knew youth would love.That’s why my book is fun and relatable as well as 35. （education） and impactful.It personalizes the issues youth read about， puzzle over， and struggle 36. （solve）； it also offers youth the practical tools they need to deal with these challenges in their everyday lives.
The book， 37. （write） for a middle grade audience， also includes a Companion Guide for educators and 38. （parent）， so that they can support young readers and start important conversations about their use of technology and the Internet.
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
基础知识自测
维度一
1.being discussed 2.causing 3.indicating 4.knowing
5.saying 6.Having finished 7.smoking 8.rising
9.Having been hit 10.being beaten
维度二
1.playing in the surf 2.in the waiting room
3.being discussed 4.have kept him waiting for so long a time
5.Not receiving any letter from him
6.many students standing in a queue
维度三
1.Hearing you miss me so much
2.getting along well with me
3.find many students reading books in the reading room
4.the exciting days 5.Reading in the junior middle school
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章针对社交媒体是好是坏这一问题展开讨论。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Since so many people — especially kids， teens， and young adults — are on it for much of their days， there is increased concern over what social media is doing to people with its overwhelming information.可知，人们担心社交媒体信息过多会带来不良影响。
2.C 观点态度题。根据第三段中的“It can be really educational and inspirational.Sometimes it can open your eyes to a new perspective （视角） you wouldn’t have seen yourself，” she explained.可知，奥尼亚认为社交媒体是有益的。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第四段内容，尤其是其中的It really is up to the individual — how they think of social media， and how they make use of it.可知，作者建议人们注意自己看待和使用社交媒体的方式。
4.B 标题归纳题。根据第二段中的While social media may sometimes be linked to negativity， it is not as bad as many make it out to be.及最后一段内容可知，文章主要针对社交媒体是好是坏这一问题展开讨论。因此，B项（社交媒体：恶魔还是天使？）最适合作文章标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。微软昨晚迎来了互联网新时代的开始，表示将利用人工智能改进其搜索引擎和浏览器。人工智能可能会改变在线搜索，并对市场领导者谷歌构成严重威胁。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段首句可知，微软将为它们配备最新的人工智能技术来更新其搜索引擎和浏览器。
6.D 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句以及Satya所说Rapid innovation is going to come可推知，萨蒂亚·纳德拉可能会同意的观点是：人工智能的应用将彻底改变人们在线收集信息的方式。
7.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中Bing， Microsoft’s search site， and Edge， its online browser， would be upgraded以及画线词后的will answer questions in a similar， conversational fashion to ChatGPT可知，Bing将被升级为新版软件，由人工智能驱动。由此可推知，画线词iteration意为“新版软件”，与edition意思一致。
8.D 主旨大意题。根据文章大意尤其是最后一段最后两句可知，文章的主要内容是微软正试图在在线搜索领域击败谷歌。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了使用社交媒体的一些注意事项，尽管我们渴望社交，但是也要积极地使用社交媒体，确保自己拥有良好的网络声誉。
9.E 根据上文we are addicted to social media可知，当前，我们沉迷于社交媒体。E项（事实上，我们渴望社交媒体并且需要它）承接上文。
10.D 根据下文Make sure to post contents that you feel positively reflect you ...可知，要确保所发的内容积极向上，并且正确反映出你自己，你的创造力和才能。D项（务必确认你发出来的东西）引出下文。
11.A 本段最后两句中都提到privacy settings，且表示其并不完全可信，A项中的privacy settings与之相呼应。A项（不要相信隐私设置）总领下文。
12.B 根据本段首句和空前一句可知，准确的拼写和语法总是一个加分项，但那可能不是你的风格。言下之意是虽然这不是你的风格，但你也要努力确保自己是细心且专业的。B项（努力尽自己所能做好每一件事）承接上文。
13.G 根据空前一句中you want to ensure that you’re OK with anyone seeing everything you post可知，在社交媒体上发东西的时候要确保自己发的东西对于任何看到它的人都没有问题，言下之意是不要在社交媒体上乱发东西。G项（一旦点了发送键，就不能回头）承接上文。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”从未见过“我”的祖母，但祖母的烤磅饼却把我们紧紧联系在一起。
14.C 根据后半句the aroma （香气） of the batter （面糊） would fill the house以及下句可知，每当妈妈烘烤祖母著名的磅饼时，面糊的香气会充满整个房间。
15.B 根据空后的orders began rushing in可知，妈妈烤的磅饼十分有名。
16.A 根据后半句like the arms of my grandmother holding me可知，妈妈烤磅饼时，“我”总会待在旁边。每次“我”都会感到一种亲近感，犹如祖母用双臂抱住“我”一样。
17.C 根据后半句they always found something was missing可知，妈妈并没有对磅饼的配方保密。尽管其他人在尽力模仿妈妈做的磅饼，但他们总会发现还是缺了点什么。
18.D 参见上题解析。
19.C 根据该段尾句中的like all the others who tried可知，“我”知道总有一天“我”也会尝试烘焙这著名的磅饼。但要是“我”也像其他人一样，没有烘焙磅饼的制胜法宝，那该怎么办呢？
20.B 参见上题解析。
21.D 根据句中的I purchased all the ingredients可知，“我”买了所有的原料，一切准备就绪。
22.B 根据上句中I ran into the kitchen and took out that cake pan以及下段中Using the 26 cake pan that my grandmother used to bake her cakes可知，“我”是使用祖母蛋糕烤盘的第三代人。
23.D 根据文章首句中的but a pleasant dessert created a bridge connecting me to her可知，“我”又不禁想象那座把“我”和祖母紧紧联系在一起的桥梁。
24.D 根据第一段最后一句I would run into the kitchen， waiting to taste the batter.和本句后半句I was now the one in the kitchen可知，“我”不再是曾经那个跑到厨房里，等着尝面糊的小女孩了，相反，“我”成了厨房里烤制磅饼的人。
25.B 参见上题解析。
26.A 根据上段中I ran into the kitchen and took out that cake pan可知，“我”用祖母用过的同一个蛋糕烤盘，完美展示了“我”对家庭食谱的传承。
27.C 参见上题解析。
28.A 根据第二段最后两句I knew one day I would have to ...make this family recipe？可知，“我”将这个家庭传统视作珍宝。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Trisha Prabhu致力于帮助年轻读者成为有责任心的数字公民。本文是她对自己写的第一本书的介绍。
29.was published 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语on 31 May 2022可知，此处描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；主语My first book和动词publish之间是被动关系。故填was published。
30.a 考查冠词。a series of一系列，为固定短语。
31.ranging 考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语，修饰lessons，且lessons和range之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。故填ranging。
32.founder 考查词形转换。根据空前的the可知，设空处与CEO并列作as的宾语，意为“创立者”，应用名词。故填founder。
33.that/which 考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词app，且在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
34.to 考查介词。guide to sth意为“关于某物的指南”。
35.educational 考查词形转换。根据语境可知，设空处与fun、relatable和impactful之间是并列关系，共同作表语，意为“有教育意义的”，应用形容词。故填educational。
36.to solve 考查非谓语动词。struggle to do sth意为“努力做某事”。
37.written 考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语，修饰book，且write与book之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。故填written。
38.parents 考查名词复数。根据educators and可知，设空处意为“父母”，表示泛指。故填复数形式parents。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语
阅读下列句子并思考加黑部分的用法。
1.JustDance is a website belonging to all dance lovers.
2.Taking advantage of the site’s great start， Fiona decided to add more content.
3.Fiona Lin， the lady running the website， had the idea after she watched her daughter dancing two years ago.
4.Having achieved such success， Fiona hopes to attract more users through other forms of new media.
5.She always found dance relaxing after a long day at school ...
6.The website welcomes inspiring stories from dance lovers ...
【我的发现】
（1）动词-ing形式作定语的句子有 。
（2）动词-ing形式作状语的句子有 。
（3）动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的句子有 。
（4）从句1和句6可看出，单个动词-ing形式作定语，常置于被修饰词的 ；动词-ing形式短语作定语时要放在被修饰词的 。
（5）句 中动词-ing形式为一般式，表示该动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；句 中动词-ing形式为完成式，表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
一、动词-ing形式作定语
1.动词-ing形式作定语的位置
（1）单个动词-ing形式作定语，常置于被修饰词之前，其作用相当于形容词，表示“令人……的”。
He brought us surprising news.
他给我们带来了惊人的消息。
She had to accept the disappointing fact that her son didn’t work hard.
她只好接受这个令人失望的事实：她的儿子学习不努力。
（2）动词-ing形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰词之后。
The students running along the street are from No.3 Middle School.
沿着街跑步的学生来自第三中学。
Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise.
告诉那些在那儿玩的男孩不要制造噪声。
2.动词-ing形式作定语的用法
动词-ing形式作定语（以do为例）有doing（一般式）、形容词化的doing和being done （被动式）三种形式。用法如下；
（1）动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰词所具有的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。
the reading room （＝the room for reading） 阅览室
building materials （＝materials for building） 建筑材料
a sleeping bag （＝a bag for sleeping）一个睡袋
（2）动词-ing形式作定语时，它和被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。
The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
＝The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我弟弟。
The building being built now is our new library.
＝The building that/which is being built now is our new library.
正在建造的大楼是我们的新图书馆。
动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和动词不定式作定语的一般区别：动词-ing形式表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；动词-ed形式表示被动或完成意义；动词不定式表示动作尚未发生。
You should adapt to the changing situation.
你应该适应不断变化的形势。
The ground is covered with fallen leaves.
地上满是落叶。
I’m looking for a room to live in.
我正在找房子住。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空/句型转换
①If you want to smoke， please go to the （smoke） room.
②It’s pleasure to watch the face of a （sleep） baby.
③The library （build） now will be the biggest one in our city.
④They are living in a house that faces the lake.
→They are living in a house .
⑤The teachers who/that are working in this university can apply for an apartment for free.（用动词-ing形式短语改写）
→The teachers can apply for an apartment for free.
⑥According to the expert， the temple has a history dating back to the early Tang Dynasty.
→According to the expert， the temple has a history .（用定语从句改写）
二、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系，常用来表示原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。
（一）句法功能
1.作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Walking in the park， she saw Jess.
＝When/While （she was） walking in the park， she saw Jess.
当她在公园里散步时，看到了杰丝。
当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在动词-ing形式前面加上when、while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。
2.作原因状语，一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句。
Being ill， he couldn’t go to school.
＝As he was ill， he couldn’t go to school.
因为生病了，他无法去上学。
3.作条件状语，一般放在句首，其前可以加if、 unless等连词。
Working hard， you’ll make great progress.
＝If you work hard， you’ll make great progress.
如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。
4.作结果状语，通常放在句末，表示一种自然而然、意料之中的结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候加thus。
The fire lasted nearly two days， leaving nothing valuable.
大火持续了将近两天，几乎没剩下什么有价值的东西。
He was caught in the heavy rain， thus making himself catch a cold.
他遇上了大雨，结果让他患上了感冒。
动词不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，常用only to do，其被动形式为only to be done。
I hurried to the supermarket， only to find it was closed.
我匆忙赶到超市，却发现它已经关门了。
5.作让步状语，相当于although/though引导的让步状语从句。
Having been told many times， he still repeated the same mistake.
＝Although/Though he had been told many times， he still repeated the same mistake.
虽然被告诉过多次了，但是他仍旧重犯同样的错误。
6.作方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示动词-ing形式的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom， reading a book.
＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。
动词不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，常用only to do，其被动形式为only to be done。
I hurried to the supermarket， only to find it was closed.
我匆忙赶到超市，却发现它已经关门了。
（二）注意事项
1.动词-ing形式的时态
动词-ing形式作状语时，要注意动词-ing形式的时间性，是用动词-ing形式的一般式，还是用完成式。
（1）当动词-ing形式所表示的动作与句子谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生时，用动词-ing形式的一般式。
Walking in the street， I met an old friend of mine.
我正在大街上行走时，遇到了我的一位老朋友。（Walking和谓语动词met同时发生）
（2）当动词-ing形式所表示的动作在句子谓语动词所表示的动作开始之前就已经完成时，用动词-ing形式的完成式。
Having finished his homework， he went to play football.
他写完作业后就去踢足球了。（Having finished是先完成的，went是后发生的）
2.动词-ing形式的语态
使用动词-ing形式的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于动词-ing形式和句子主语之间的关系。其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。
Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy.（动词-ing形式的被动式）
被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
Having bought what he needed， he went home.（动词-ing形式的主动式）
买完需要的东西后，他回家了。
3.动词-ing形式的否定式： not doing； not having done
Not knowing this， he didn’t come.
他不知道这件事，所以没来。
Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.
因为没有作好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。
4.独立主格结构
动词-ing形式用作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。如果不一致，通常要在动词-ing形式前面加上自己的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的动词-ing形式被称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。
The trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.
那些树非常高，一些高达90多米。
The weather being fine， we went out for a walk.
由于天气好，我们出去散步了。
5.动词-ing形式作评注性状语
有些动词-ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：
generally speaking一般来说
judging by/from ...从……判断
taking everything into consideration从全盘考虑
Judging from his behaviour， he must be mad.
从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。
Generally speaking， girls are more interested in literature than boys.
一般来说，女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。
【即时演练2】 用动词-ing形式短语改写句子
①Taking exercise helps me improve immune system and enables me to strengthen my body.
→Taking exercise helps me improve immune system， .
②After we had come to a decision， we immediately began to work.
→ ， we immediately began to work.
③As it was a wet day， we couldn’t go for a walk.
→ ， we couldn’t go for a walk.
④Because he did not know how to do it， he went to his mother for help.
→ ， he went to his mother for help.
⑤If you go straight down the road， you will find the canteen.
→ ， you will find the canteen.
三、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing形式常在下列结构中作动词的宾语补足语：
1.表示感官和心理状态的动词
see/observe/hear/feel/smell/ ...＋sb/sth＋doing sth表示动作正在进行。
I can smell something burning.
我能闻到东西燃烧的气味。
He saw the boy being beaten by his father in the yard.
他看见那个男孩在院子里正在被他爸爸打。
2.使役动词
have/catch/let/keep/leave/...＋sb/sth＋doing sth表示“使/让……一直做某事”。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
很抱歉让你久等了。
在一些表示感官和心理状态的动词以及使役动词后既可以接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，其区别是：动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行，不是指全过程；动词不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的完成，指全过程。
3.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语用于with复合结构（with＋sb/sth＋doing ...）中。
I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪声不断，我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her， she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空/句式升级
①Suddenly we heard someone （knock） gently on the window.
②Don’t leave the water （run） when you brush your teeth.
③With water （fall） off its thick， brown hair， the bear stared back at me.
④They kept us waiting for three hours.
→We for three hours.（改为被动语态）
⑤On the top of Mount Tai， people observed the sun rising from the sea.
→On the top of Mount Tai， the sun .（改为被动语态）
belong vi.应在（某处）；能适应
【教材原句】 JustDance is a website belonging to all dance lovers.
跳舞吧是一个属于所有舞蹈爱好者的网站。
【用法】
（1）belong to意为“属于，归……所有”；不能用于进行时态和被动语态 （2）belongings n.财产；所有物；相关事物
【佳句】 These musical instruments belong to the school.这些乐器归学校所有。
【点津】 （1）belong to中的to是介词，后接名词或代词作宾语，但不能接名词所有格或名词性物主代词。（2）belong to不用于进行时态，但是它的动词-ing形式belonging to可以作后置定语，相当于含有belong to的定语从句。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Some of the stamps belong to （I）， while the rest are his and hers.
②When he joined the club，he felt a sense of （belong）.
【写美】 句型转换
③The vase which belongs to my uncle is a precious cultural relic.
→ （用动词-ing形式作定语改写）
set up 创建，建立
【教材原句】 Fiona wanted to introduce more people to dance， so she set up JustDance.
菲奥娜想教更多的人跳舞，所以她创建了跳舞吧。
【用法】
set aside 把……放到一旁；留出；暂时不考虑 set off 动身；出发；引爆；引发 set down 写下；放下 出发；开始（做某事） set back 使推迟；使延误 set a goal/rule 制定目标/规则 set sth up 安装好（设备或机器） set an example to sb 为某人树立榜样
【佳句】 She set up the website below to get people’s attention to healthy eating.
她建立了下面的网站让人们关注健康饮食。
I will help set up an English corner， providing students a platform to practice their spoken English.
我会帮忙创建一个英语角，给学生们提供一个练习他们的英语口语的平台。
【练透】 用set的相关短语填空
①In her diary， Jane has some important historical events.
②We will for the nursing home at 8：00 am on Saturday to accompany the elderly for the Double Ninth Festival.
③Since the new stadium was ， we have held a wide range of sports events.
④I try to a few minutes each day to do some exercise.
⑤The bad weather the building programme by several weeks.
【写美】 一句多译
⑥晚饭后玛丽立刻开始做她的家庭作业。
→Mary right after supper.（set out）
→Mary right after supper.（set about）
request vt.要求，请求 n.要求，请求；要求的事
【教材原句】 For example， she has requested a technical team to develop an app so as to satisfy different users’ needs.
例如，她已经要求一个技术团队开发一个应用程序以满足不同用户的需求。
【用法】
（1）request sb （not） to do sth 请求某人（不）做某事 request that ...（should） do sth 要求（某人）做某事 It is requested that ...（should） do sth 要求（某人）做某事 （2）make （a） request for sth/that ... 请求/要求…… at one’s request＝at the request of sb 应某人的要求
【佳句】 It is requested that visitors should not smoke or talk loudly in the museum.
在博物馆里要求参观者不要吸烟和大声交谈。
【点津】 动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
【练透】 完成句子
①You in the restaurant.
请你不要在餐馆里吸烟。
②The manager requested that .
经理要求下次开会前不要向任何人透露她的决定。
③ all the visitors should not take pictures of the exhibitions.
要求所有参观者不要对展品进行拍照。
【写美】 句型转换
④I requested that the students should be well prepared for the exam.
→I the students should be well prepared for the exam.（request n.）
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）1、6 （2）2、4 （3）3、5 （4）前面 后面 （5）2 4
即时演练1
①smoking ②sleeping ③being built ④facing the lake
⑤working in this university ⑥which dates back to the early Tang Dynasty
即时演练2
①enabling me to strengthen my body ②Having come to a decision ③It being a wet day ④Not knowing how to do it ⑤Going straight down the road
即时演练3
①knocking ②running ③falling ④were kept waiting ⑤was observed rising from the sea
【核心知识·巧突破】
1.①me ②belonging ③The vase belonging to my uncle is a precious cultural relic.
2.①set down ②set off ③set up ④set aside ⑤set back
⑥set out to do her homework； set about doing her homework
3.①are requested not to smoke ②no one be told of her decision until the next meeting ③It is requested that
④made a request that
7 / 7(共100张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Grammar and usage
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
核心知识·巧突破
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法 · 要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语
阅读下列句子并思考加蓝部分的用法。
1. JustDance is a website belonging to all dance lovers.
2. Taking advantage of the site’s great start， Fiona decided to add
more content.
3. Fiona Lin， the lady running the website， had the idea after she
watched her daughter dancing two years ago.
4. Having achieved such success， Fiona hopes to attract more users
through other forms of new media.
5. She always found dance relaxing after a long day at school ...
6. The website welcomes inspiring stories from dance lovers ...
【我的发现】
（1）动词-ing形式作定语的句子有 。
（2）动词-ing形式作状语的句子有 。
（3）动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的句子有 。
（4）从句1和句6可看出，单个动词-ing形式作定语，常置于被修饰词
的 ；动词-ing形式短语作定语时要放在被修饰词的
。
（5）句 中动词-ing形式为一般式，表示该动作与谓语动词所表
示的动作同时发生；句 中动词-ing形式为完成式，表示该
动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
1、6
2、4
3、5
前面
后
面
2
4
一、动词-ing形式作定语
1. 动词-ing形式作定语的位置
（1）单个动词-ing形式作定语，常置于被修饰词之前，其作用相
当于形容词，表示“令人……的”。
He brought us surprising news.
他给我们带来了惊人的消息。
She had to accept the disappointing fact that her son didn’t
work hard.
她只好接受这个令人失望的事实：她的儿子学习不努力。
（2）动词-ing形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰词之后。
The students running along the street are from No.3 Middle
School.
沿着街跑步的学生来自第三中学。
Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise.
告诉那些在那儿玩的男孩不要制造噪声。
2. 动词-ing形式作定语的用法
动词-ing形式作定语（以do为例）有doing（一般式）、形容词化的
doing和being done （被动式）三种形式。用法如下；
（1）动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰词所具有的某种性能或用
途，相当于for引导的介词短语。
the reading room （＝the room for reading） 阅览室
building materials （＝materials for building） 建筑材料
a sleeping bag （＝a bag for sleeping）一个睡袋
（2）动词-ing形式作定语时，它和被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的主
谓关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。
The boy playing football on the playground is my younger
brother.
＝The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is
my younger brother.
在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我弟弟。
The building being built now is our new library.
＝The building that/which is being built now is our new
library.
正在建造的大楼是我们的新图书馆。
名师点津
动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和动词不定式作定语的一般区别：动词-
ing形式表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；动词-ed形式表示被动或完成
意义；动词不定式表示动作尚未发生。
You should adapt to the changing situation.
你应该适应不断变化的形势。
The ground is covered with fallen leaves.
地上满是落叶。
I’m looking for a room to live in.
我正在找房子住。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空/句型转换
①If you want to smoke， please go to the （smoke）
room.
②It’s pleasure to watch the face of a （sleep） baby.
③The library （build） now will be the biggest one in our
city.
④They are living in a house that faces the lake.
smoking
sleeping
being built
→They are living in a house .
⑤The teachers who/that are working in this university can apply for an
apartment for free.（用动词-ing形式短语改写）
→The teachers can apply for an apartment
for free.
⑥According to the expert， the temple has a history dating back to the
early Tang Dynasty.
→According to the expert， the temple has a history
.（用定语从句改写）
facing the lake
working in this university
which dates back
to the early Tang Dynasty
二、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系，常用来表示
原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。
（一）句法功能
1. 作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Walking in the park， she saw Jess.
＝When/While （she was） walking in the park， she saw Jess.
当她在公园里散步时，看到了杰丝。
名师点津
当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在动词-ing形式前面加上when、
while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。
2. 作原因状语，一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句。
Being ill， he couldn’t go to school.
＝As he was ill， he couldn’t go to school.
因为生病了，他无法去上学。
3. 作条件状语，一般放在句首，其前可以加if、 unless等连词。
Working hard， you’ll make great progress.
＝If you work hard， you’ll make great progress.
如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。
4. 作结果状语，通常放在句末，表示一种自然而然、意料之中的结
果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候加
thus。
The fire lasted nearly two days， leaving nothing valuable.
大火持续了将近两天，几乎没剩下什么有价值的东西。
He was caught in the heavy rain， thus making himself catch a cold.
他遇上了大雨，结果让他患上了感冒。
名师点津
动词不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，常用only to do，其
被动形式为only to be done。
I hurried to the supermarket， only to find it was closed.
我匆忙赶到超市，却发现它已经关门了。
5. 作让步状语，相当于although/though引导的让步状语从句。
Having been told many times， he still repeated the same mistake.
＝Although/Though he had been told many times， he still repeated
the same mistake.
虽然被告诉过多次了，但是他仍旧重犯同样的错误。
6. 作方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语
时，表示动词-ing形式的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转
换成并列句。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom， reading a book.
＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。
名师点津
动词-ing形式作状语可转化成相对应的状语从句或在动词-ing形式前面
加相应的连词。例如，加上when、while，强调与谓语动词同时发
生；加上before、after，强调动作先后发生；加上thus、therefore，强
调结果；加上（al）though，强调让步等。
Though knowing all this，they made me pay for the damage.
尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。
（二）注意事项
1. 动词-ing形式的时态
动词-ing形式作状语时，要注意动词-ing形式的时间性，是用动词-
ing形式的一般式，还是用完成式。
（1）当动词-ing形式所表示的动作与句子谓语动词所表示的动作
同时发生时，用动词-ing形式的一般式。
Walking in the street， I met an old friend of mine.
我正在大街上行走时，遇到了我的一位老朋友。（Walking和
谓语动词met同时发生）
（2）当动词-ing形式所表示的动作在句子谓语动词所表示的动作
开始之前就已经完成时，用动词-ing形式的完成式。
Having finished his homework， he went to play football.
他写完作业后就去踢足球了。（Having finished是先完成的，
went是后发生的）
2. 动词-ing形式的语态
使用动词-ing形式的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于动词-ing形
式和句子主语之间的关系。其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。
Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy.（动
词-ing形式的被动式）
被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
Having bought what he needed， he went home.（动词-ing形式的主
动式）
买完需要的东西后，他回家了。
3. 动词-ing形式的否定式： not doing； not having done
Not knowing this， he didn’t come.
他不知道这件事，所以没来。
Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.
因为没有作好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。
4. 独立主格结构
动词-ing形式用作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。
如果不一致，通常要在动词-ing形式前面加上自己的逻辑主语，这
种带逻辑主语的动词-ing形式被称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示
伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。
The trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.那些树
非常高，一些高达90多米。
The weather being fine， we went out for a walk.
由于天气好，我们出去散步了。
5. 动词-ing形式作评注性状语
有些动词-ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注
性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：
generally speaking一般来说
judging by/from ...从……判断
taking everything into consideration从全盘考虑
Judging from his behaviour， he must be mad.
从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。
Generally speaking， girls are more interested in literature than boys.
一般来说，女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。
【即时演练2】 用动词-ing形式短语改写句子
①Taking exercise helps me improve immune system and enables me to
strengthen my body.
→Taking exercise helps me improve immune system，
.
②After we had come to a decision， we immediately began to work.
→ ， we immediately began to work.
③As it was a wet day， we couldn’t go for a walk.
→ ， we couldn’t go for a walk.
enabling me to
strengthen my body
Having come to a decision
It being a wet day
④Because he did not know how to do it， he went to his mother for help.
→ ， he went to his mother for help.
⑤If you go straight down the road， you will find the canteen.
→ ， you will find the canteen.
Not knowing how to do it
Going straight down the road
三、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状
态。动词-ing形式常在下列结构中作动词的宾语补足语：
1. 表示感官和心理状态的动词
see/observe/hear/feel/smell/ ...＋sb/sth＋doing sth表示动作正
在进行。
I can smell something burning.
我能闻到东西燃烧的气味。
He saw the boy being beaten by his father in the yard.
他看见那个男孩在院子里正在被他爸爸打。
2. 使役动词
have/catch/let/keep/leave/...＋sb/sth＋doing sth表示“使/让……一
直做某事”。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
很抱歉让你久等了。
名师点津
在一些表示感官和心理状态的动词以及使役动词后既可以接省略to的
动词不定式作宾语补足语，也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，其
区别是：动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行，不是指全过
程；动词不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的完成，指全过程。
I saw the man getting on the train.
我看见那名男士正在上火车。
I saw the man get on the train.
我看见那名男士上了火车。
3. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语用于with复合结构（with＋sb/sth＋
doing ...）中。
I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on.由于噪声不断，我
没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her， she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空/句式升级
①Suddenly we heard someone （knock） gently on the
window.
②Don’t leave the water （run） when you brush your
teeth.
③With water （fall） off its thick， brown hair， the bear
stared back at me.
knocking
running
falling
→We for three hours.（改为被动语态）
⑤On the top of Mount Tai， people observed the sun rising from the sea.
→On the top of Mount Tai， the sun
.（改为被动语态）
were kept waiting
was observed rising from the
sea
④They kept us waiting for three hours.
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
2
belong vi.应在（某处）；能适应
【教材原句】 JustDance is a website belonging to all dance lovers.跳
舞吧是一个属于所有舞蹈爱好者的网站。
【用法】
（1）belong to意为“属于，归……所有”；不能用于进行时态和被
动语态
（2）belongings n.财产；所有物；相关事物
【佳句】 These musical instruments belong to the school.这些乐器归
学校所有。
【点津】 （1）belong to中的to是介词，后接名词或代词作宾语，但
不能接名词所有格或名词性物主代词。
（2）belong to不用于进行时态，但是它的动词-ing形式belonging to可
以作后置定语，相当于含有belong to的定语从句。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Some of the stamps belong to （I）， while the rest are his and
hers.
②When he joined the club，he felt a sense of （belong）.
【写美】 句型转换
③The vase which belongs to my uncle is a precious cultural relic.
→ （用动
词-ing形式作定语改写）
me
belonging
The vase belonging to my uncle is a precious cultural relic.
set up 创建，建立
【教材原句】 Fiona wanted to introduce more people to dance， so she
set up JustDance.
菲奥娜想教更多的人跳舞，所以她创建了跳舞吧。
【用法】
【佳句】 She set up the website below to get people’s attention to
healthy eating.
她建立了下面的网站让人们关注健康饮食。
I will help set up an English corner， providing students a platform to
practice their spoken English.
我会帮忙创建一个英语角，给学生们提供一个练习他们的英语口语的
平台。
【练透】 用set的相关短语填空
①In her diary， Jane has some important historical events.
②We will for the nursing home at 8：00 am on Saturday to
accompany the elderly for the Double Ninth Festival.
③Since the new stadium was ， we have held a wide range of
sports events.
④I try to a few minutes each day to do some exercise.
⑤The bad weather the building programme by several
weeks.
set down
set off
set up
set aside
set back
【写美】 一句多译
⑥晚饭后玛丽立刻开始做她的家庭作业。
→Mary right after supper.（set out）
→Mary right after supper.（set
about）
set out to do her homework
set about doing her homework
request vt.要求，请求 n.要求，请求；要求的事
【教材原句】 For example， she has requested a technical team to
develop an app so as to satisfy different users’ needs.例如，她已经要求
一个技术团队开发一个应用程序以满足不同用户的需求。
【用法】
（1）request sb （not） to do sth 请求某人（不）做某事
request that ...（should） do sth 要求（某人）做某事
It is requested that ...（should） do sth 要求（某人）做某事
（2）make （a） request for sth/that ... 请求/要求……
at one’s request＝at the request of sb 应某人的要求
【佳句】 It is requested that visitors should not smoke or talk loudly in
the museum.
在博物馆里要求参观者不要吸烟和大声交谈。
【点津】 动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的同位语从句
都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以
省略。
【练透】 完成句子
①You in the restaurant.
请你不要在餐馆里吸烟。
②The manager requested that
.
经理要求下次开会前不要向任何人透露她的决定。
③ all the visitors should not take pictures of the
exhibitions.
要求所有参观者不要对展品进行拍照。
are requested not to smoke
no one be told of her decision until the
next meeting
It is requested that
【写美】 句型转换
④I requested that the students should be well prepared for the exam.
→I the students should be well prepared for the
exam.（request n.）
made a request that
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空。
1. The question （discuss） now has something to
do with nature.
2. It rained heavily for three hours in a row， （cause）
great damage to the crops.
being discussed
causing
3. You must provide a medical certificate （indicate） you
are fit to work.
4. Not （know） how to do it， he turned to the engineer
for help.
5. Sarah pretended to be cheerful， （say） nothing about the
argument.
6. （finish） his homework， Li Ming went on to
help his mother with some housework.
indicating
knowing
saying
Having finished
7. If you want to smoke， please go to the （smoke）
room.
8. The next thing he saw was smoke （rise） from behind the
house.
9. （hit） by the big boy on the nose， the little boy
began to cry.
10. When I saw the dog （beat） by several boys， I
came up to stop them.
smoking
rising
Having been hit
being beaten
维度二：语法与写作
完成句子。
1. The lifeguard was keeping a watch on the children
.
救生员正在关注在海浪中玩耍的孩子们。
2. Several students are reading books .
几个学生正在候车室读书。
3. Even headlines of the articles can give you a handle on the
topic .
文章的标题也足以让你了解正在讨论的话题。
playing in the
surf
in the waiting room
being discussed
4. You shouldn’t .
你不应该让他等那么久。
5. ， I gave him a call.
由于没有收到他的任何来信， 我给他打了一个电话。
6. There are to welcome the old
professor.
有很多学生正列队欢迎这位老教授。
have kept him waiting for so long a time
Not receiving any letter from him
many students standing in a queue
维度三：语法与语篇
根据汉语提示，用动词-ing形式完成下面一封书信。
Dear Wang Ping，
How are you？ 1. （听说你很想
念我）， I’m very glad and grateful.
Our school is very large and beautiful.I am glad to meet many helpful
teachers and schoolmates， all of them 2.
（和我相处得很好）.
Hearing you miss me so much
getting along well with me
Life in senior high school is stressful.I 3.
（发现许多学生在阅览室读书）
even on weekends.
Now I still miss you and often think of 4. （令
人激动的日子） when we helped each other and shared our happiness and
sadness.
find many students
reading books in the reading room
the exciting days
5. （在初中读书） is
really a good memory for me.We are true friends.I hope we’ll keep in
touch with each other and be friends forever.
Yours，
Li Hua
Reading in the junior middle school
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Social media apps have made a permanent home in many people’s
phones and spending time on social media has become as much of a daily
activity as eating food or drinking water.Since so many people —
especially kids， teens， and young adults — are on it for much of their
days， there is increased concern over what social media is doing to
people with its overwhelming information.Many argue that social media is
an unhealthy way to pass the time， and false information from online is
causing panic and confusion.
While social media may sometimes be linked to negativity， it is not
as bad as many make it out to be.In fact， it has given birth to a whole
new way to advocate for important movements， and it’s easy to spread
one’s message to reach a large audience.Activists online can create
informational fliers， post resources to further educate people on any
given topic， and interact with like-minded people that want to help as
well within a matter of minutes without even having to leave the house.
Honieh Hemati， a social activist， expressed her opinion on social
media.“It can be really educational and inspirational.Sometimes it can
open your eyes to a new perspective （视角） you wouldn’t have seen
yourself，” she explained.
It is unjust to demonize （使妖魔化） social media， when it seems
that most issues around social media are user errors， like anyone
complaining there are too many people voicing opinions they don’t agree
with， or being addicted to social media.It really is up to the individual —
how they think of social media， and how they make use of it.People who
have any grasp on reality wouldn’t spend every waking second on the
phone， and they are responsible for what they post online.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章针对社交媒体是好是坏这一问
题展开讨论。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章针对社交媒体是好是坏这一问
题展开讨论。
1. What are people worried about in terms of social media？（ ）
A. Confusion and panic it causes for young people.
B. Difficulty to delete apps once they are downloaded.
C. Unhealthy habits of using it while eating or drinking.
D. Bad effects it brings about with too much information.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Since so many people —
especially kids， teens， and young adults — are on it for much of
their days， there is increased concern over what social media is doing
to people with its overwhelming information.可知，人们担心社交媒
体信息过多会带来不良影响。
2. What does Honieh Hemati think of social media？（ ）
A. Harmful. B. Changeable.
C. Beneficial. D. Addictive.
解析：观点态度题。根据第三段中的“It can be really educational and inspirational.Sometimes it can open your eyes to a new perspective （视角） you wouldn’t have seen yourself，” she explained.可知，奥尼亚认为社交媒体是有益的。
3. What does the author advise people to do with social media？（ ）
A. Forbid the young from it.
B. Mind how they see it and use it.
C. Be aware of the errors on it.
D. Make the most and best use of it.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段内容，尤其是其中的It really is
up to the individual — how they think of social media， and how they
make use of it.可知，作者建议人们注意自己看待和使用社交媒体
的方式。
4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？（ ）
A. Social Media： Now or Never！
B. Social Media： Demon or Angel？
C. Activists： Social Media Are Helpful
D. Teens： Stay Away from Social Media
解析： 标题归纳题。根据第二段中的While social media may
sometimes be linked to negativity， it is not as bad as many make it out
to be.及最后一段内容可知，文章主要针对社交媒体是好是坏这一
问题展开讨论。因此，B项（社交媒体：恶魔还是天使？）最适合
作文章标题。
B
Microsoft greeted the start of a new era for the Internet last night，
saying that it would improve its search engine and browser （浏览器）
using artificial intelligence.The technology behind the viral ChatGPT
service will be integrated into the American software group’s products.
Bing， Microsoft’s search site， and Edge， its online browser，
would be upgraded to generate everything from recipes and shopping
suggestions to draft emails and social media posts in response to inquiries
from users， the company said.
Microsoft revealed its plans a day after Google had announced Bard，
its own chatbot， and promised further to integrate AI into its search
engine.The two companies are racing to dominate AI， betting that it will
revolutionise the way in which people gather information online.“Rapid
innovation is going to come，” said Satya Nadella， chairman and chief
executive of Microsoft.“AI will fundamentally change every software
category， starting with the largest category of all： search.”
Bing would be powered by AI， and the new iteration will answer
questions in a similar， conversational fashion to ChatGPT， Microsoft
said.It could draft a plan for a trip to Mexico， for example， before
estimating the cost and drafting an email setting out the plan for other
travellers， in response to follow-up inquiries.Other queries suggested by
Microsoft included whether an Ikea loveseat would fit into a 2019 Honda
Odyssey and what an electronic music fan’s first festival should be.
A panel in the company’s Edge browser will be able to compose
messages or social media posts for users， based on commands regarding
content， tone， format and length.
Analysts have suggested that AI could transform online search and
could pose a serious threat to Google， the market leader.Bing is trying to
overtake Google after enduring years in its shadow.Google， which is
owned by Alphabet， once claimed that the most searched-for term on
Bing was “Google”.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。微软昨晚迎来了互联网新时代的开
始，表示将利用人工智能改进其搜索引擎和浏览器。人工智能可能
会改变在线搜索，并对市场领导者谷歌构成严重威胁。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。微软昨晚迎来了互联网新时代的开
始，表示将利用人工智能改进其搜索引擎和浏览器。人工智能可能
会改变在线搜索，并对市场领导者谷歌构成严重威胁。
5. How would Microsoft update its products？（ ）
A. Combine its search engine and browser.
B. Release new search engines and browsers.
C. Equip them with the latest AI technology.
D. Update its service based on users’ inquiries.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段首句可知，微软将为它们配备
最新的人工智能技术来更新其搜索引擎和浏览器。
6. What would Satya Nadella probably agree with？（ ）
A. AI will take on the responsibility to improve software.
B. The application of AI will change people’s lives rapidly.
C. A search engine is the most important software for computers.
D. People’s way of gathering information online will be completely
changed.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句以及Satya所说Rapid
innovation is going to come可推知，萨蒂亚·纳德拉可能会同意的
观点是：人工智能的应用将彻底改变人们在线收集信息的方式。
7. What does the underlined word “iteration” in Paragraph 4 probably
mean？（ ）
A. Edition. B. Invention.
C. Application. D. Equipment.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第二段中Bing， Microsoft’s search
site， and Edge， its online browser， would be upgraded以及画线词
后的will answer questions in a similar， conversational fashion to
ChatGPT可知，Bing将被升级为新版软件，由人工智能驱动。由此
可推知，画线词iteration意为“新版软件”，与edition意思一致。
8. What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A. AI will basically change every software category.
B. Bing has become the leader of developing chatbots.
C. Google has been preferred by more people than Bing.
D. Microsoft is trying to beat Google in online searching.
解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章大意尤其是最后一段最后两句可
知，文章的主要内容是微软正试图在在线搜索领域击败谷歌。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Use Social Media Positively
Nowadays so common is social media in our society that almost
everyone is connected to some form of it， whether it is Twitter，
Facebook or even Pinterest.We are in a fast-paced， technologically
evolving society and we are addicted to social media.9.（ ）
So how does one ensure a positive online reputation？ It’s simple：
Keep it clean.Party photos with alcohol are an absolute no-no.Would
you want to have your boss see these photos？ 10.（ ） Make sure to
post contents that you feel positively reflect you， your creativity and your
skills.
11. （ ） You have a private Twitter account so you can post
anything you want.This is decidedly not the case.Privacy settings make it
harder to see your full account， but it’s not impossible.In no
circumstances should you rely on privacy settings as a way to protect
inappropriate contents.
Ensure you’re careful and professional.Keep it classy （优等
的）！ Discover your brand， or what you want people to think of
you.Proper spelling and grammar is always a plus， but it may not be
your brand.12.（ ） In this way， you can earn approval.
Follow these simple rules and you’re on your way to building， or
restoring an online reputation.Using social media positively doesn’t
mean you can’t have fun and use it to express yourself； however， you
want to ensure that you’re OK with anyone seeing everything you
post.13.（ ） So make an attempt to get your friends active and
happy.
Like it or not， your social networks reflect you — make sure you
look like the shining star that you truly are.
A. Don’t trust privacy settings.
B. Try to do everything as well as you can.
C. Make sure your post is written personally.
D. Be entirely sure about what you’re posting.
E. In fact， we long for social media and need it.
F. Social media is very fast to use but very difficult.
G. Once you click “Post”， there’s no looking back.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了使用社交媒体的一
些注意事项，尽管我们渴望社交，但是也要积极地使用社交媒体，
确保自己拥有良好的网络声誉。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了使用社交媒体的一
些注意事项，尽管我们渴望社交，但是也要积极地使用社交媒体，
确保自己拥有良好的网络声誉。
9. E 根据上文we are addicted to social media可知，当前，我们
沉迷于社交媒体。E项（事实上，我们渴望社交媒体并且需要它）
承接上文。
10. D 根据下文Make sure to post contents that you feel
positively reflect you ...可知，要确保所发的内容积极向上，并
且正确反映出你自己，你的创造力和才能。D项（务必确认你发出
来的东西）引出下文。
11. A 本段最后两句中都提到privacy settings，且表示其并不完全可
信，A项中的privacy settings与之相呼应。A项（不要相信隐私设置）
总领下文。
12. B 根据本段首句和空前一句可知，准确的拼写和语法总是一个
加分项，但那可能不是你的风格。言下之意是虽然这不是你的风格，
但你也要努力确保自己是细心且专业的。B项（努力尽自己所能做好
每一件事）承接上文。
13. G 根据空前一句中you want to ensure that you’re OK with anyone
seeing everything you post可知，在社交媒体上发东西的时候要确保自
己发的东西对于任何看到它的人都没有问题，言下之意是不要在社交
媒体上乱发东西。G项（一旦点了发送键，就不能回头）承接上文。
Ⅲ.完形填空
I’ve never met my grandmother， but a pleasant dessert created a
bridge connecting me to her.When my mother 14 her mother’s
famous pound cake， the aroma （香气） of the batter （面糊） would
fill the house.I would run into the kitchen， waiting to taste the batter.
This pound cake had an extraordinary 15 and orders began
rushing in.My mother would make hundreds of cakes and I was always
there.Each time I felt 16 ， like the arms of my grandmother holding
me.My mother didn’t keep this recipe a（n） 17 and although
others tried to 18 this work of art， they always found something was
missing.I knew one day I would have to 19 to bake this famous
pound cake.What if， like all the others who tried， I didn’t have what
it takes to 20 make this family recipe？
I purchased all the ingredients and made sure I 21 everything.
Then， I ran into the kitchen and took out that cake pan.I was the third generation to 22 it.My mother guided me through each step via video chat.I couldn’t help but 23 that bridge again， which connected me to my grandmother.
24 the once-so-little girl running into the kitchen to 25 the
cake batter， I was now the one in the kitchen.Using the 26 cake pan
that my grandmother used to bake her cakes， I 27 everyone my
perfect replica of our family recipe.I valued this family 28 .
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”从未见过“我”的祖母，但
祖母的烤磅饼却把我们紧紧联系在一起。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”从未见过“我”的祖母，但
祖母的烤磅饼却把我们紧紧联系在一起。
14. A. received B. mentioned
C. baked D. ate
解析： 根据后半句the aroma （香气） of the batter （面糊）
would fill the house以及下句可知，每当妈妈烘烤祖母著名的磅饼
时，面糊的香气会充满整个房间。
15. A. meaning B. reputation
C. decoration D. name
解析： 根据空后的orders began rushing in可知，妈妈烤的磅饼
十分有名。
16. A. closeness B. loneliness
C. nervousness D. cleverness
解析： 根据后半句like the arms of my grandmother holding me
可知，妈妈烤磅饼时，“我”总会待在旁边。每次“我”都会感
到一种亲近感，犹如祖母用双臂抱住“我”一样。
17. A. example B. reward
C. secret D. memory
解析： 根据后半句they always found something was missing可
知，妈妈并没有对磅饼的配方保密。尽管其他人在尽力模仿妈妈
做的磅饼，但他们总会发现还是缺了点什么。
18. A. share B. protect
C. appreciate D. copy
解析： 参见上题解析。
19. A. agree B. promise
C. attempt D. manage
解析： 根据该段尾句中的like all the others who tried可
知，“我”知道总有一天“我”也会尝试烘焙这著名的磅饼。
但要是“我”也像其他人一样，没有烘焙磅饼的制胜法宝，那
该怎么办呢？
20. A. automatically B. successfully
C. quickly D. formally
解析： 参见上题解析。
21. A. saved B. replaced
C. forgot D. prepared
解析： 根据句中的I purchased all the ingredients可知，“我”
买了所有的原料，一切准备就绪。
22. A. explain B. use
C. improve D. seek
解析： 根据上句中I ran into the kitchen and took out that cake
pan以及下段中Using the 26 cake pan that my grandmother used
to bake her cakes可知，“我”是使用祖母蛋糕烤盘的第三代人。
23. A. clean B. explore
C. cross D. picture
解析： 根据文章首句中的but a pleasant dessert created a bridge
connecting me to her可知，“我”又不禁想象那座把“我”和祖母
紧紧联系在一起的桥梁。
24. A. Apart from B. As for
C. Ahead of D. Instead of
解析： 根据第一段最后一句I would run into the kitchen，
waiting to taste the batter.和本句后半句I was now the one in the
kitchen可知，“我”不再是曾经那个跑到厨房里，等着尝面糊的
小女孩了，相反，“我”成了厨房里烤制磅饼的人。
25. A. deliver B. taste C. make D. recall
解析： 参见上题解析。
26. A. same B. big C. cheap D. safe
解析： 根据上段中I ran into the kitchen and took out that cake
pan可知，“我”用祖母用过的同一个蛋糕烤盘，完美展示了
“我”对家庭食谱的传承。
27. A. ignored B. hid
C. showed D. donated
解析： 参见上题解析。
28. A. tradition B. meeting
C. saying D. introduction
解析： 根据第二段最后两句I knew one day I would have
to ...make this family recipe？可知，“我”将这个家庭传统视作
珍宝。
Ⅳ.语法填空
I’m Trisha Prabhu.My first book， ReThink the Internet： How to
Make the Digital World a Lot Less Sucky， 29. （publish） by Philomel Books on 31 May 2022.It’s a first-of-its-kind， “by-youth， for-youth” guide to help a 3rd — 7th grade audience make their way in the digital world with confidence.Through 30. series of funny stories， I offer 7 important lessons — 31. （range） from how to avoid too much screen time to how to stay calm online — with the goal of equipping young people with the skills they need to be responsible digital citizens.
Throughout my nearly 9-year career as the 32. （found） and CEO of ReThink， an anti-hate app 33. stops cyberbullying （网络欺凌）， I quickly realized that while today’s generation is tech-savvy （精通技术的）， they don’t know how to be a good digital citizen.I set out to create a “survival guide” 34. the Internet I knew youth would love.That’s why my book is fun and relatable as well as 35. （education） and impactful.It personalizes the issues youth read about， puzzle over， and struggle 36. （solve）； it also offers youth the practical tools they need to deal with these challenges in their everyday lives.
The book， 37. （write） for a middle grade
audience， also includes a Companion Guide for educators and
38. （parent）， so that they can support young readers
and start important conversations about their use of technology and the
Internet.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Trisha Prabhu致力于帮助年轻读者成
为有责任心的数字公民。本文是她对自己写的第一本书的介绍。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Trisha Prabhu致力于帮助年轻读者成
为有责任心的数字公民。本文是她对自己写的第一本书的介绍。
29. was published 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状
语on 31 May 2022可知，此处描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去
时；主语My first book和动词publish之间是被动关系。故填was
published。
30. a 考查冠词。a series of一系列，为固定短语。
31. ranging 考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语，修饰lessons，且
lessons和range之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。故填ranging。
32. founder 考查词形转换。根据空前的the可知，设空处与CEO并列
作as的宾语，意为“创立者”，应用名词。故填founder。
33. that/which 考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先
行词app，且在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
34. to 考查介词。guide to sth意为“关于某物的指南”。
35. educational 考查词形转换。根据语境可知，设空处与fun、
relatable和impactful之间是并列关系，共同作表语，意为“有教育意义
的”，应用形容词。故填educational。
36. to solve 考查非谓语动词。struggle to do sth意为“努力做某
事”。
37. written 考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语，修饰book，且
write与book之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。故填written。
38. parents 考查名词复数。根据educators and可知，设空处意为“父
母”，表示泛指。故填复数形式parents。
谢谢观看！
