Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
Comfort food
[1]Whenever I feel lonely， I have a secret recipe that never fails： rice， milk and sugar， cooked low and slow.[2]No matter how bad my mood① is， that perfect combination② is always enough to lift my spirits.[3]Sometimes the smell alone can do the trick③， not to mention④ the lovely creamy⑤ flavour⑥， which works like a time machine immediately transporting me back to my sunny childhood.[4]With pleasure⑦， I remember the lazy Sunday afternoons I used to spend in the warmth of my grandma’s flat， listening to her wonderful stories and greedily⑧ eating bowl after bowl of her delicious rice pudding.I take my time over⑨ every spoonful， gently⑩ rolling the silky dessert around my mouth and enjoying the perfect marriage of rice and milk.Before I know it， I’m happy again.
[1]句中Whenever引导让步状语从句，表示“每当……时”。
[2]句中No matter how引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……”，相当于However。
[3]句中which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the lovely creamy flavour；从句中动词-ing短语transporting me back to my sunny childhood作后置定语，修饰a time machine。
[4]句中and连接两个动词-ing 短语listening to her wonderful stories和greedily eating bowl after bowl of her delicious rice pudding，作伴随状语。
My experience with rice pudding illustrates the unique power of “comfort food”.In its broadest sense， comfort food refers to any food that makes us feel better.[5]In this article， we will talk about a particular type of comfort food whose power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind.It often makes up for bad feelings by helping us recall happy memories of the people， things or places we love.
[5]本句为复合句。whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词a particular type of comfort food； 在该从句中，it calls to mind也是定语从句，修饰先行词the associations。
Our comfort foods are highly individual.[6]They vary from person to person， depending on our own unique experiences that have shaped our lives.If we grow up eating certain foods in our family， then those foods tend to be linked with positive emotions .For example， we often connect chicken soup with a happy childhood and its flavour becomes tied up with the feeling of being taken care of.[7]When we eat it again， we unlock memories of a time when we were loved and looked after， and this cheers us up .
[6]句中depending on our own unique experiences为动词-ing 短语作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词our own unique experiences。
[7]句中第一个When引导时间状语从句；第二个when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time。
The feeling of happiness and sense of belonging can become particularly important for people who move away from their home country.[8]According to some food experts， there are some aspects of culture that people will lose right away， but with food， there are more opportunities to connect to memory， family and place.[9]It is hardest to give up the food that you grow up with.Of course， each person’s comfort food largely depends on where they come from — for a Chinese it might be a plate of dumplings with a saucer of vinegar， and for a native of the UK it might be the classic fish and chips， served hot， salty and sour .[10]One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots， giving us the “taste of home” that we cry out for and relieving feelings of homesickness.
[8]本句整体上是but连接的并列句。第一个there be句型中的that people will lose right away为定语从句，修饰先行词some aspects of culture。
[9]句中It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，其中that you grow up with是定语从句，修饰先行词the food。
[10]句中giving us the “taste of home” ...and relieving feelings of homesickness为and连接的两个并列的动词-ing短语作状语；that we cry out for为定语从句，修饰先行词the “taste of home”。
That’s certainly true for fort food tastes good and by building an emotional bond with our happy memories， always makes us feel good.It isn’t just a bowl of noodles or chicken soup.It’s food for the soul.
【读文清障】
①mood n.情绪，心情；气氛，氛围
②combination n.结合体，联合体；联合，混合
③do the trick奏效，起作用，达到目的
④not to mention更不用提，更不用说……
（近义）let alone
⑤creamy adj.含奶油的；像奶油的，光滑细腻的；淡黄色的
⑥flavour （AmE flavor）n.味，味道；特点，特色
vt.给……调味，加味于
creamy flavour 奶油味
⑦with pleasure很愿意，很高兴
⑧greedily adv.贪婪地，贪心地
⑨take one’s time over慢慢做，从容不迫地做
⑩gently adv.轻柔地，温和地
dessert n.（饭后）甜点，甜食
illustrate v.说明；阐明
illustration n.说明；阐明
association n.联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往
associate v.联合；联想；联系；交往
adj.副的；联合的
n.伙伴；同事；合伙人
make up for弥补……，补上……
vary vi.（根据情况）变化，变更；相异，不同 vt.变更，改变
vary from ...to ... 从……到……变化，由……到……不等
depend on视……情况而定
grow up成长，长大
link vt.联系，相关联；把……连接起来 n.联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接
be linked with 与……有联系
emotion n.情感，强烈的感情，激情，情绪
positive emotions 积极的情感
connect ...with ... 把……与……联系起来
tie up with 把……与……联系起来
become/be tied up with 与……有关系
cheer sb up 使某人振作起来
move away from 离开……，搬离……
saucer n.碟状物，茶碟，茶托
a saucer of vinegar一碟醋
native n.出生于某国（或某地）的人；本地人
adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的；土产的
salty adj.咸的，含盐的
sour adj.酸的，有酸味的；馊的
vi.& vt.（使）变坏；变味，酸腐
salty and sour 咸的和酸的
cry out for迫切需要
relieve vt.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解
relieve feelings of homesickness 缓解思乡之情
bond n.纽带，联系；连接，结合
emotional bond 情感纽带
【参考译文】
治愈系食物
每当感到孤独，我都有一个屡试不爽的秘方：大米、牛奶和糖，小火慢炖。不论我情绪有多差，这种绝妙的组合都足以令我振作。有时只是闻到气味就有这种效果，更不用说那美妙的奶油的味道了，这种味道就像一台时光机，立刻把我带回阳光灿烂的童年。欣欣然，我回忆起那些慵懒的周日午后，那时我常常是在外婆温暖的公寓里，一边听她讲着那些精彩的故事，一边一碗接一碗贪婪地吃着她做的美味的大米布丁。我细细品尝每一勺，让丝滑的甜点在我的口中轻轻转动，享受米糊和牛奶的完美融合。不知不觉中，我便又开心起来了。
我关于大米布丁的经历说明了“治愈系食物”的独特力量。从广义上讲，治愈系食物指的是任何能改善我们心情的食物。在本文中，我们要特别讲一类治愈系食物，它的力量主要在于它所唤起的联想。它常常通过帮我们回忆起所爱之人、所爱之物、所爱之地的快乐往事，来消解不良情绪。
治愈系食物相当个性化。它们由塑造我们人生的独特经历决定，因人而异。如果我们从小在家就吃某些特定的食物，那么这些食物就很容易与积极的情绪产生关联。比如，我们经常把鸡汤和快乐的童年联系在一起，它的味道与被关爱的感觉相关。当再次喝到鸡汤时，我们解锁记忆，回想起受到疼爱与关怀的时光，这就会让我们的情绪变好。
这种幸福感和归属感对于离开故国的人而言会变得尤为重要。据一些食物专家所言，文化中的某些方面人们很快会失去，但对于食物，则有更多机会与回忆、与家、与处所关联。从小吃到大的食物是最难割舍的。当然，每个人的治愈系食物在很大程度上取决于他们来自哪里——对于中国人来说，它可能是一盘饺子，配上一碟醋，而对于土生土长的英国人来说，就可能是一份经典的炸鱼薯条，热腾腾地端上来，吃起来咸中带酸。吃一口治愈系食物让我们回到自己的文化根源，带来我们迫切需要的“家的味道”，以解思乡之情。
对我而言，的确如此。治愈系食物味道可口、通过与我们快乐的回忆之间建立情感联系，它总是让我们心情不错。它不仅仅是一碗面条或鸡汤，它是心灵的食粮。
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What does the author usually do when feeling lonely？
A.Eat rice pudding.
B.Go outside to walk.
C.Talk with families.
D.Listen to wonderful stories.
2.What is comfort food in its broadest sense？
A.Food that is rich in nutrients.
B.Food that you eat every day.
C.Food that you remember well.
D.Food that makes one feel good.
3.What will people think of while having foods that they grew up eating？
A.Their warm home.
B.Their happy childhood.
C.Their emotional story.
D.Their work experience.
4.What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph？
A.Comfort food is one’s favourite.
B.One’s culture is easy to change.
C.Comfort food is linked to culture.
D.There are many aspects of culture.
5.How does the comfort food make people feel good？
A.It tastes good.
B.It relieves stress.
C.It transports us back to our childhood.
D.It builds an emotional bond with our happy memories.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）combine v.结合→combination n.结合体，联合体；联合，混合
例如：imagine→imagination n.想象力
conserve→conservation n.保存；保护
（2）gentle adj.轻柔的，温和的→gently adv.轻柔地，温和地
例如：possible→possibly adv.可能地
simple→simply adv.简单地
remarkable→remarkably adv.显著地；非常地
（3）relieve vt.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解→relief n.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解
例如：believe→belief n.信念
（4）“动词＋up”构成的短语
cheer up 振作起来、 grow up 成长、 give up放弃，舍弃、 make up for 弥补、 tie up with 和……有密切联系
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
比喻是最常用的一种修辞手法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，从而更生动、更深刻地说明道理，增强语言的表现力。比喻分为明喻和暗喻。明喻即直接表明本体和喻体的相似之处，本体和喻体的相似之处都是拥有“包容”的特点。常用的明喻标志词有 like、 as、 seem、 as ...as、 as if、 as though、 similar to等。
请从课文中找出一处使用明喻的句子，翻译、欣赏并背诵。
原句：
翻译：
第四步：析难句，清阅读障碍
1.Whenever I feel lonely， I have a secret recipe that never fails： rice， milk and sugar， cooked low and slow.
句式分析
尝试翻译
2.With pleasure， I remember the lazy Sunday afternoons I used to spend in the warmth of my grandma’s flat， listening to her wonderful stories and greedily eating bowl after bowl of her delicious rice pudding.
句式分析
尝试翻译
3.According to some food experts， there are some aspects of culture that people will lose right away， but with food， there are more opportunities to connect to memory， family and place.
句式分析
尝试翻译
第五步：拓视野，育思维品质
1.In your opinion， is there any difference between one’s comfort food and favourite food？Give your reasons.
2.There is an English saying， “People are what they eat.”What’s your understanding of the saying？
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
combination n.结合体，联合体；联合，混合
【教材原句】 No matter how bad my mood is， that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits.不论我情绪有多差，这种绝妙的组合都足以令我振作。
【用法】
（1）in combination （with ...）（与……）联合/结合
a combination of ... 一种……的结合（物）
（2）combine vt.& vi. （使）融合；（使）结合，（使）混合；兼做；合并
combine ...with/and ... 把……与……结合起来
combine to do sth 联合起来做某事
【佳句】 Keeping fit requires a combination of healthy eating and regular exercise.
保持健康需要健康的饮食和规律的锻炼相结合。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The study of traditions should （combine） with practice.
②There were several factors that combined （harm） our friendship.
③The firm is working on a new product combination with several overseas partners.
【写美】 翻译句子
④这家旅馆既舒适又方便。
do the trick 奏效，起作用，达到目的
【教材原句】 Sometimes the smell alone can do the trick， not to mention the lovely creamy flavour， which works like a time machine immediately transporting me back to my sunny childhood. 有时只是闻到气味就有这种效果，更不用说那美妙的奶油的味道了，这种味道就像一台时光机，立刻把我带回阳光灿烂的童年。
【用法】
（1）trick n. 诀窍；计谋；把戏
vt. 欺骗；欺诈
（2）play tricks/a trick on 捉弄
（3）trick sb out of sth 从某人那里骗取某物
trick sb into doing sth 哄骗某人做某事
【佳句】 I don’t know what it was that did the trick， but I am definitely feeling much better.
我不知道是什么起的作用，但是我确实觉得好多了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Don’t take it seriously； she just wants to play tricks you.
②He tricked me believing that he had done a good deed.
【写美】 完成句子
③The medicine ， and you’ll soon feel better.
这种药应该能起作用，你很快就会感到好一些。
association n.联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往
【教材原句】 In this article， we will talk about a particular type of comfort food whose power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind.
在本文中，我们要特别讲一类治愈系食物，它的力量主要在于它所唤起的联想。
【用法】
（1）in association with 与……交往/联合
（2）associate v. 联想，联系
n. 同伴；伙伴
associate ...with ... 把……与……联系
起来
associate oneself with sth 支持/赞同某事
associate with sb 与某人交往
（3）associated adj. 有关的，相关的
be associated with 与……有关
【佳句】 My dream is to join the China Writers Association one day.
我的梦想是有一天加入中国作家协会。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The （associate）between the two companies has been for 30 years.
②They will hold a meeting to discuss something （associate） with music.
③I don’t think you should associate people like that！
【写美】 完成句子
④He always his happy childhood.
他总是把那些花的气味和他快乐的童年联系起来。
vary vi.（根据情况）变化，变更；相异，不同vt.变更，改变
【教材原句】 They vary from person to person， depending on our own unique experiences that have shaped our lives. 它们由塑造我们人生的独特经历决定，因人而异。
【用法】
（1）vary from ...to ... 由……到……不等
vary with 随……变化
vary in ... 在……（大小、形状
等）上不同
（2）various adj. 各种各样的；不同的
for various reasons 由于种种原因
（3）variety n. 种类
a variety of＝varieties of 种种的；各种各样的
【佳句】 The menu of the restaurant varies with the season.
这家餐馆的菜单随季节而变动。
【用准】 a variety of （＝varieties of）既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，该短语修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We have （vary） summer camps for your holidays. You can choose one based on your own interests.
②The research team is made up of the pupils， whose ages （various） from 10 to 15.
③There are （variety） of reasons to explain to you for my refusal.
【写美】 句式升级
④Our school has built a new stadium.It has all kinds of well-equipped facilities.
→Our school has built a new stadium， .（升级加黑词；定语从句）
link vt.联系，相关联；把……连接起来 n.联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接
【教材原句】 If we grow up eating certain foods in our family， then those foods tend to be linked with positive emotions.
如果我们从小在家就吃某些特定的食物，那么这些食物就很容易与积极的情绪产生关联。
【用法】
（1）be linked with/to 与……联系
link ...with/to ... 将……与……相连；
将……与……联系
link up 连接，结合
（2）a link between ...and ...
……和……之间的联系
【佳句】 Scientists now link certain types of cancers to the amount of junk food that people consume.
现在科学家们把某些类型的癌症和人们消耗的垃圾食品量联系起来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Television stations around the world （link） by satellite.
②The Channel Tunnel links Britain the rest of Europe.
③The residents have linked with the travel company to promote the local tourism.
【写美】 完成句子
④The video cameras a powerful computer.
这些摄像机是与一台功能强大的计算机相连接的。
cheer ...up （使）变得更高兴，振作起来
【教材原句】 When we eat it again， we unlock memories of a time when we were loved and looked after， and this cheers us up.
当再次喝到鸡汤时，我们解锁记忆，回想起受到疼爱与关怀的时光，这就会让我们的情绪变好。
【用法】
（1）cheer n. 欢呼声；喝彩声
vi.& vt. 欢呼；喝彩；加油
burst into cheers 突然欢呼起来
cheer ...on （赛跑、比赛等中）以喝彩声鼓励，为……加油
（2）Cheers！ 干杯！
（3）cheerful adj. 高兴的；快乐的
【佳句】 I tried to cheer him up， but he just kept staring out of the window.
我试图使他高兴起来，可他只是一直盯着窗外。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I think he misses her terribly.You might cheer him .
②Most people would like to cheer their favourite players.
③People with type B Blood are （cheer） and outgoing.
【写美】 完成句子
④ ！ When you smile in front of it， it will also smile at you.
振作起来！当你对它微笑时，它也会对你微笑。
relieve vt.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解
【教材原句】 One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots， giving us the “taste of home” that we cry out for and relieving feelings of homesickness.
吃一口治愈系食物让我们回到自己的文化根源，带来我们迫切需要的“家的味道”，以解思乡之情。
【用法】
（1）relieve sb of sth 解除某人某物
relieve from 从……中解除，减轻
（2）relieved adj. 感到宽慰的，放心的
（3）relief n. 缓解；宽慰；轻松；解脱
to one’s relief 令某人感到宽慰的是
with relief 如释重负；松了口气
a sense of relief 解脱感
get relief 得到缓解
It is a relief to do ... 做……是令人轻松的
【佳句】 These interesting and instructive stories can relieve my stress and broaden my horizons.
这些有趣又有启发性的故事可以缓解我的压力，开拓我的视野。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Having finished all the housework，Mary dropped herself into the sofa， sighing relief.
②This medicine will help to relieve you your pain.
③He felt a sense of （relieve） the moment he got his medical examination report.
【写美】 完成句子
④ ， though the airport was foggy， our plane took off smoothly.
令我们非常宽慰的是，尽管机场有雾，但我们的飞机还是正常起飞了。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：no matter how引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】 No matter how bad my mood is， that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits. 不论我情绪有多差，这种绝妙的组合都足以令我振作。
【用法】
（1）“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句，可与“疑问词＋-ever”互换，有时可省略谓语动词。
（2）“疑问词＋-ever”既可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。
（3）引导名词性从句时，只能用“疑问词＋-ever”。
【品悟】 No matter how （＝However） well a poem is translated， something of the spirit of the original work is lost.
无论一首诗翻译得多么好，原作的有些精髓或多或少都会丢失。
【写美】 句型转换/完成句子
①No matter what you may say， he will not believe you.
→ ， he will not believe you.
② ， you must not be late.
不管有什么借口，你一定不要迟到。
③Send it to .
把它寄给负责销售的人。
④ ， call me.
无论你何时来，给我打电话。
句型公式：find＋it＋形容词＋动词不定式（短语）
【教材原句】 I find it hard to keep up my energy right after lunch.我发现午饭后很难保持精力充沛。
【用法】
“动词＋it（形式宾语）＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语”的复合结构用法如下：
（1）用于该句型的动词有believe、 think、 consider、 feel、 find、 make等。
（2）宾语补足语的形式有形容词（短语）、名词（短语）、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式（短语）或从句（当宾语补足语是no use、 no good时，真正的宾语要用动词-ing形式）。
【品悟】 Many foreigners find it difficult to learn Chinese.The Chinese characters are very difficult to write.
许多外国人发现汉语很难学。汉字写起来也很困难。
【写美】 完成句子
①She when and where the meeting would be held.
她没有说清楚会议将在何时何地举行。
②I think ， for he is so stubborn.
我认为与他讨论这件事是没有用的，因为他太固执了。
③While the Internet is of great help，I don’t too much time on it.
尽管互联网很有帮助，但我认为花太多时间在上面不好。
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.lifts my spirits 2.unique power 3.individual 4.soul
第二步
1～5 ADBCD
第三步
Sometimes the smell alone can do the trick， not to mention the lovely creamy flavour， which works like a time machine immediately transporting me back to my sunny childhood.
有时只是闻到气味就有这种效果，更不用说那美妙的奶油的味道了，这种味道就像一台时光机，立刻把我带回阳光灿烂的童年。
第四步
1.每当感到孤独，我都有一个屡试不爽的秘方：大米、牛奶和糖，小火慢炖。
2.欣欣然，我回忆起那些慵懒的周日午后，那时我常常是在外婆温暖的公寓里，一边听她讲着那些精彩的故事，一边一碗接一碗贪婪地吃着她做的美味的大米布丁。
3.据一些食物专家所言，文化中的某些方面人们很快会失去，但对于食物，则有更多机会与回忆、与家、与处所关联。
第五步
1.I think people’s favourite food and comfort food are different in two ways. First， people’s favourite food can come and go， while their comfort food often remains the same. Second， people’s favourite food often connects with satisfying their hunger， while comfort food usually connects with memories from their childhood.
2.The food we eat impacts our health directly. If we eat healthy food， we will be healthy， and we will be unhealthy if we constantly eat processed foods like junk food. Our food choices are often reflected in how we look too — our skin may not be clear or we may become overweight， so eating freshly prepared local and seasonal foods are better for us to keep healthy and look good.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①be combined ②to harm ③in
④The hotel combines comfort with convenience.
2.①on ②into ③ought to/should do the trick
3.①association ②associated ③with
④associates the smell of those flowers with
4.①various ②vary ③varieties ④which has various/varieties of/a variety of well-equipped facilities
5.①are linked ②with ③up ④are linked to/with
6.①up ②on ③cheerful ④Cheer up
7.①with ②of ③relief ④Much to our relief
Part Ⅱ
1.①Whatever you may say ②No matter what the excuse （is） ③whoever is in charge of sales
④No matter when you come
2.①didn’t make it clear ②it no use talking about it with him ③think it a good idea to spend
7 / 12(共121张PPT)
Section Ⅰ
Welcome to the unit & Reading
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
3
核心知识·巧突破
4
课时检测·提能力
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Comfort food
[1]Whenever I feel lonely， I have a secret recipe that never fails： rice， milk and sugar， cooked low and slow.[2]No matter how bad my mood① is， that perfect combination② is always enough to lift my spirits.[3]Sometimes the smell alone can do the trick③， not to mention④ the lovely creamy⑤ flavour⑥， which works like a time machine immediately transporting me back to my sunny childhood.[4]With pleasure⑦， I remember the lazy Sunday afternoons I used to spend in the warmth of my grandma’s flat， listening to her wonderful stories and
greedily⑧ eating bowl after bowl of her delicious rice pudding.I take my time over⑨ every spoonful， gently⑩ rolling the silky dessert around my mouth and enjoying the perfect marriage of rice and milk.Before I know it， I’m happy again.
[1]句中Whenever引导让步状语从句，表示“每当……时”。
[2]句中No matter how引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……”，
相当于However。
[3]句中which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the lovely
creamy flavour；从句中动词-ing短语transporting me back to my sunny
childhood作后置定语，修饰a time machine。
[4]句中and连接两个动词-ing 短语listening to her wonderful
stories和greedily eating bowl after bowl of her delicious rice pudding，
作伴随状语。
【读文清障】
①mood n.情绪，心情；气氛，氛围
②combination n.结合体，联合体；联合，混合
③do the trick奏效，起作用，达到目的
④not to mention更不用提，更不用说……（近义）let alone
⑤creamy adj.含奶油的；像奶油的，光滑细腻的；淡黄色的
⑥flavour （AmE flavor）n.味，味道；特点，特色
vt.给……调味，加味于
creamy flavour 奶油味
⑦with pleasure很愿意，很高兴
⑧greedily adv.贪婪地，贪心地
⑨take one’s time over慢慢做，从容不迫地做
⑩gently adv.轻柔地，温和地
dessert n.（饭后）甜点，甜食
My experience with rice pudding illustrates the unique power of
“comfort food”.In its broadest sense， comfort food refers to any food
that makes us feel better.[5]In this article， we will talk about a particular
type of comfort food whose power mainly lies in the associations it calls
to mind.It often makes up for bad feelings by helping us recall happy
memories of the people， things or places we love.
[5]本句为复合句。whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词a particular
type of comfort food； 在该从句中，it calls to mind也是定语从句，修
饰先行词the associations。
illustrate v.说明；阐明
illustration n.说明；阐明
association n.联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往
associate v.联合；联想；联系；交往
adj.副的；联合的
n.伙伴；同事；合伙人
make up for弥补……，补上……
Our comfort foods are highly individual.[6]They vary from person
to person， depending on our own unique experiences that have shaped
our lives.If we grow up eating certain foods in our family， then those
foods tend to be linked with positive emotions .For example， we
often connect chicken soup with a happy childhood and its flavour
becomes tied up with the feeling of being taken care of.[7]When we eat
it again， we unlock memories of a time when we were loved and looked
after， and this cheers us up .
[6]句中depending on our own unique experiences为动词-ing 短语
作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词our own unique experiences。
[7]句中第一个When引导时间状语从句；第二个when引导定语
从句，修饰先行词a time。
vary vi.（根据情况）变化，变更；相异，不同 vt.变更，改变
vary from ...to ... 从……到……变化，由……到……不等
depend on视……情况而定
grow up成长，长大
link vt.联系，相关联；把……连接起来 n.联系，连接；关系，纽
带；链接
be linked with 与……有联系
emotion n.情感，强烈的感情，激情，情绪
positive emotions 积极的情感
connect ...with ... 把……与……联系起来
tie up with 把……与……联系起来
become/be tied up with 与……有关系
cheer sb up 使某人振作起来
The feeling of happiness and sense of belonging can become
particularly important for people who move away from their home
country.[8]According to some food experts， there are some aspects of
culture that people will lose right away， but with food， there are more
opportunities to connect to memory， family and place.[9]It is hardest to
give up the food that you grow up with.Of course， each person’s comfort
food largely depends on where they come from — for a Chinese it might
be a plate of dumplings with a saucer of vinegar， and for a native of
the UK it might be the classic fish and chips， served hot， salty and
sour .[10]One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural
roots， giving us the “taste of home” that we cry out for and
relieving feelings of homesickness.
[8]本句整体上是but连接的并列句。第一个there be句型中的that
people will lose right away为定语从句，修饰先行词some aspects of
culture。
[9]句中It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，
其中that you grow up with是定语从句，修饰先行词the food。
[10]句中giving us the “taste of home” ...and relieving feelings of
homesickness为and连接的两个并列的动词-ing短语作状语；that we
cry out for为定语从句，修饰先行词the “taste of home”。
move away from 离开……，搬离……
saucer n.碟状物，茶碟，茶托
a saucer of vinegar一碟醋
native n.出生于某国（或某地）的人；本地人
adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的；土产的
salty adj.咸的，含盐的
sour adj.酸的，有酸味的；馊的
vi.& vt.（使）变坏；变味，酸腐
salty and sour 咸的和酸的
cry out for迫切需要
relieve vt.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解
relieve feelings of homesickness 缓解思乡之情
That’s certainly true for fort food tastes good and by building
an emotional bond with our happy memories， always makes us feel
good.It isn’t just a bowl of noodles or chicken soup.It’s food for the soul.
bond n.纽带，联系；连接，结合
emotional bond 情感纽带
【参考译文】
治愈系食物
每当感到孤独，我都有一个屡试不爽的秘方：大米、牛奶和糖，
小火慢炖。不论我情绪有多差，这种绝妙的组合都足以令我振作。有
时只是闻到气味就有这种效果，更不用说那美妙的奶油的味道了，这
种味道就像一台时光机，立刻把我带回阳光灿烂的童年。欣欣然，我
回忆起那些慵懒的周日午后，那时我常常是在外婆温暖的公寓里，一
边听她讲着那些精彩的故事，一边一碗接一碗贪婪地吃着她做的美味
的大米布丁。我细细品尝每一勺，让丝滑的甜点在我的口中轻轻转
动，享受米糊和牛奶的完美融合。不知不觉中，我便又开心起来了。
我关于大米布丁的经历说明了“治愈系食物”的独特力量。从广
义上讲，治愈系食物指的是任何能改善我们心情的食物。在本文中，
我们要特别讲一类治愈系食物，它的力量主要在于它所唤起的联想。
它常常通过帮我们回忆起所爱之人、所爱之物、所爱之地的快乐往
事，来消解不良情绪。
治愈系食物相当个性化。它们由塑造我们人生的独特经历决
定，因人而异。如果我们从小在家就吃某些特定的食物，那么这
些食物就很容易与积极的情绪产生关联。比如，我们经常把鸡汤
和快乐的童年联系在一起，它的味道与被关爱的感觉相关。当再
次喝到鸡汤时，我们解锁记忆，回想起受到疼爱与关怀的时光，
这就会让我们的情绪变好。
这种幸福感和归属感对于离开故国的人而言会变得尤为重要。据
一些食物专家所言，文化中的某些方面人们很快会失去，但对于食
物，则有更多机会与回忆、与家、与处所关联。从小吃到大的食物是
最难割舍的。当然，每个人的治愈系食物在很大程度上取决于他们来
自哪里——对于中国人来说，它可能是一盘饺子，配上一碟醋，而对
于土生土长的英国人来说，就可能是一份经典的炸鱼薯条，热腾腾地
端上来，吃起来咸中带酸。吃一口治愈系食物让我们回到自己的文化
根源，带来我们迫切需要的“家的味道”，以解思乡之情。
对我而言，的确如此。治愈系食物味道可口、通过与我们快乐的
回忆之间建立情感联系，它总是让我们心情不错。它不仅仅是一碗面
条或鸡汤，它是心灵的食粮。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What does the author usually do when feeling lonely？
A. Eat rice pudding.
B. Go outside to walk.
C. Talk with families.
D. Listen to wonderful stories.
2. What is comfort food in its broadest sense？
A. Food that is rich in nutrients.
B. Food that you eat every day.
C. Food that you remember well.
D. Food that makes one feel good.
3. What will people think of while having foods that they grew up eating？
A. Their warm home.
B. Their happy childhood.
C. Their emotional story.
D. Their work experience.
4. What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph？
A. Comfort food is one’s favourite.
B. One’s culture is easy to change.
C. Comfort food is linked to culture.
D. There are many aspects of culture.
5. How does the comfort food make people feel good？
A. It tastes good.
B. It relieves stress.
C. It transports us back to our childhood.
D. It builds an emotional bond with our happy memories.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）combine v.结合→combination n.结合体，联合体；联合，混合
例如：imagine→imagination n.想象力
conserve→conservation n.保存；保护
（2）gentle adj.轻柔的，温和的→gently adv.轻柔地，温和地
例如：possible→possibly adv.可能地
simple→simply adv.简单地
remarkable→remarkably adv.显著地；非常地
（3）relieve vt.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解→relief n.解除，减轻；缓
和，缓解
例如：believe→belief n.信念
（4）“动词＋up”构成的短语
cheer up 振作起来、 grow up 成长、 give up放弃，舍弃、
make up for 弥补、 tie up with 和……有密切联系
2. 美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
比喻是最常用的一种修辞手法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物
或现象进行对比，从而更生动、更深刻地说明道理，增强语言
的表现力。比喻分为明喻和暗喻。明喻即直接表明本体和喻体
的相似之处，本体和喻体的相似之处都是拥有“包容”的特
点。常用的明喻标志词有 like、 as、 seem、 as ...as、 as if、
as though、 similar to等。
请从课文中找出一处使用明喻的句子，翻译、欣赏并背诵。
原句：
翻译：
Sometimes the smell alone can do the trick， not to mention
the lovely creamy flavour， which works like a time machine
immediately transporting me back to my sunny childhood.
有时只是闻到气味就有这种效果，更不用说那美妙的
奶油的味道了，这种味道就像一台时光机，立刻把我带回阳光
灿烂的童年。
第四步：析难句，清阅读障碍
1. Whenever I feel lonely， I have a secret recipe that never fails： rice，
milk and sugar， cooked low and slow.
句式分析
尝试翻译
每当感到孤独，我都有一个屡试不爽的秘方：大米、牛
奶和糖，小火慢炖。
2. With pleasure， I remember the lazy Sunday afternoons I used to spend
in the warmth of my grandma’s flat， listening to her wonderful stories
and greedily eating bowl after bowl of her delicious rice pudding.
句式分析
尝试翻译
欣欣然，我回忆起那些慵懒的周日午后，那时我常常是在外婆温
暖的公寓里，一边听她讲着那些精彩的故事，一边一碗接一碗贪婪
地吃着她做的美味的大米布丁。
3. According to some food experts， there are some aspects of culture that
people will lose right away， but with food， there are more
opportunities to connect to memory， family and place.
句式分析
尝试翻译
据一些食物专家所言，文化中的某些方面人们很快会失去，但对
于食物，则有更多机会与回忆、与家、与处所关联。
第五步：拓视野，育思维品质
1. In your opinion， is there any difference between one’s comfort food
and favourite food？Give your reasons.
I think people’s favourite food and comfort food are different in two
ways. First， people’s favourite food can come and go， while their
comfort food often remains the same. Second， people’s favourite food
often connects with satisfying their hunger， while comfort food usually
connects with memories from their childhood.
2. There is an English saying， “People are what they eat.”What’s your
understanding of the saying？
The food we eat impacts our health directly. If we eat healthy food，
we will be healthy， and we will be unhealthy if we constantly eat
processed foods like junk food. Our food choices are often reflected in
how we look too — our skin may not be clear or we may become
overweight， so eating freshly prepared local and seasonal foods are
better for us to keep healthy and look good.
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
combination n.结合体，联合体；联合，混合
【教材原句】 No matter how bad my mood is， that perfect
combination is always enough to lift my spirits.
不论我情绪有多差，这种绝妙的组合都足以令我振作。
（1）in combination （with ...） （与……）联合/结合
a combination of ... 一种……的结合（物）
（2）combine vt.& vi. （使）融合；（使）结合，（使）混合；兼
做；合并
combine ...with/and ... 把……与……结合起来
combine to do sth 联合起来做某事
【用法】
【佳句】 Keeping fit requires a combination of healthy eating and
regular exercise.
保持健康需要健康的饮食和规律的锻炼相结合。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The study of traditions should （combine） with
practice.
②There were several factors that combined （harm） our
friendship.
be combined
to harm
③The firm is working on a new product combination with several
overseas partners.
【写美】 翻译句子
④这家旅馆既舒适又方便。
in
The hotel combines comfort with convenience.
do the trick 奏效，起作用，达到目的
【教材原句】 Sometimes the smell alone can do the trick， not to
mention the lovely creamy flavour， which works like a time machine
immediately transporting me back to my sunny childhood. 有时只是闻到
气味就有这种效果，更不用说那美妙的奶油的味道了，这种味道就像
一台时光机，立刻把我带回阳光灿烂的童年。
（1）trick n. 诀窍；计谋；把戏
vt. 欺骗；欺诈
（2）play tricks/a trick on 捉弄
（3）trick sb out of sth 从某人那里骗取某物
trick sb into doing sth 哄骗某人做某事
【用法】
【佳句】 I don’t know what it was that did the trick， but I am
definitely feeling much better.
我不知道是什么起的作用，但是我确实觉得好多了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Don’t take it seriously； she just wants to play tricks you.
②He tricked me believing that he had done a good deed.
on
into
【写美】 完成句子
③The medicine ， and you’ll soon feel
better.
这种药应该能起作用，你很快就会感到好一些。
ought to/should do the trick
association n.联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往
【教材原句】 In this article， we will talk about a particular type of
comfort food whose power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind.
在本文中，我们要特别讲一类治愈系食物，它的力量主要在于它所唤
起的联想。
（1）in association with 与……交往/联合
（2）associate v. 联想，联系
n. 同伴；伙伴
associate ...with ... 把……与……联系起来
associate oneself with sth 支持/赞同某事
associate with sb 与某人交往
（3）associated adj. 有关的，相关的
be associated with 与……有关
【用法】
【佳句】 My dream is to join the China Writers Association one day. 我
的梦想是有一天加入中国作家协会。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The （associate）between the two companies has been
for 30 years.
②They will hold a meeting to discuss something
（associate） with music.
③I don’t think you should associate people like that！
association
associated
with
【写美】 完成句子
④He always his happy
childhood.
他总是把那些花的气味和他快乐的童年联系起来。
associates the smell of those flowers with
vary vi.（根据情况）变化，变更；相异，不同vt.变更，改变
【教材原句】 They vary from person to person， depending on our
own unique experiences that have shaped our lives.
它们由塑造我们人生的独特经历决定，因人而异。
（1）vary from ...to ... 由……到……不等
vary with 随……变化
vary in ... 在……（大小、形状等）上不同
（2）various adj. 各种各样的；不同的
for various reasons 由于种种原因
（3）variety n. 种类
a variety of＝varieties of 种种的；各种各样的
【用法】
【佳句】 The menu of the restaurant varies with the season.
这家餐馆的菜单随季节而变动。
【用准】 a variety of （＝varieties of）既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰
不可数名词，该短语修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We have （vary） summer camps for your holidays. You
can choose one based on your own interests.
various
②The research team is made up of the pupils， whose ages
（various） from 10 to 15.
③There are （variety） of reasons to explain to you for my
refusal.
【写美】 句式升级
④Our school has built a new stadium.It has all kinds of well-equipped
facilities.
→Our school has built a new stadium，
.（升级加蓝词；定语从句）
vary
varieties
which has various/varieties of/a
variety of well-equipped facilities
link vt.联系，相关联；把……连接起来 n.联系，连接；关系，纽
带；链接
【教材原句】 If we grow up eating certain foods in our family，
then those foods tend to be linked with positive emotions.如果我
们从小在家就吃某些特定的食物，那么这些食物就很容易与积极
的情绪产生关联。
（1）be linked with/to 与……联系
link ...with/to ... 将……与……相连；将……与……联系
link up 连接，结合
（2）a link between ...and ... ……和……之间的联系
【用法】
【佳句】 Scientists now link certain types of cancers to the amount of
junk food that people consume.
现在科学家们把某些类型的癌症和人们消耗的垃圾食品量联系起来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Television stations around the world （link） by
satellite.
②The Channel Tunnel links Britain the rest of Europe.
③The residents have linked with the travel company to promote
the local tourism.
are linked
with
up
【写美】 完成句子
④The video cameras a powerful computer.
这些摄像机是与一台功能强大的计算机相连接的。
are linked to/with
cheer ...up （使）变得更高兴，振作起来
【教材原句】 When we eat it again， we unlock memories of a time
when we were loved and looked after， and this cheers us up.
当再次喝到鸡汤时，我们解锁记忆，回想起受到疼爱与关怀的时光，
这就会让我们的情绪变好。
（1）cheer n. 欢呼声；喝彩声
vi.& vt. 欢呼；喝彩；加油
burst into cheers 突然欢呼起来
cheer ...on （赛跑、比赛等中）以喝彩声鼓励，为……加油
（2）Cheers！ 干杯！
（3）cheerful adj. 高兴的；快乐的
【用法】
【佳句】 I tried to cheer him up， but he just kept staring out of the
window.
我试图使他高兴起来，可他只是一直盯着窗外。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I think he misses her terribly.You might cheer him .
②Most people would like to cheer their favourite players.
③People with type B Blood are （cheer） and outgoing.
up
on
cheerful
【写美】 完成句子
④ ！ When you smile in front of it， it will also smile at
you.
振作起来！当你对它微笑时，它也会对你微笑。
Cheer up
relieve vt.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解
【教材原句】 One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our
cultural roots， giving us the “taste of home” that we cry out for and
relieving feelings of homesickness.
吃一口治愈系食物让我们回到自己的文化根源，带来我们迫切需要的
“家的味道”，以解思乡之情。
（1）relieve sb of sth 解除某人某物
relieve from 从……中解除，减轻
（2）relieved adj. 感到宽慰的，放心的
（3）relief n. 缓解；宽慰；轻松；解脱
to one’s relief 令某人感到宽慰的是
with relief 如释重负；松了口气
a sense of relief 解脱感
get relief 得到缓解
It is a relief to do ... 做……是令人轻松的
【用法】
【佳句】 These interesting and instructive stories can relieve my stress
and broaden my horizons.
这些有趣又有启发性的故事可以缓解我的压力，开拓我的视野。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Having finished all the housework，Mary dropped herself into the
sofa， sighing relief.
②This medicine will help to relieve you your pain.
③He felt a sense of （relieve） the moment he got his medical
examination report.
with
of
relief
【写美】 完成句子
④ ， though the airport was foggy， our plane took
off smoothly.
令我们非常宽慰的是，尽管机场有雾，但我们的飞机还是正常起
飞了。
Much to our relief
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：no matter how引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】 No matter how bad my mood is， that perfect
combination is always enough to lift my spirits.
不论我情绪有多差，这种绝妙的组合都足以令我振作。
（1）“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词
性从句，可与“疑问词＋-ever”互换，有时可省略谓语动词。
（2）“疑问词＋-ever”既可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词
性从句。
（3）引导名词性从句时，只能用“疑问词＋-ever”。
【用法】
【品悟】 No matter how （＝However） well a poem is translated，
something of the spirit of the original work is lost. 无论一首诗翻译得多
么好，原作的有些精髓或多或少都会丢失。
【写美】 句型转换/完成句子
①No matter what you may say， he will not believe you.
→ ， he will not believe you.
② ， you must not be late.
不管有什么借口，你一定不要迟到。
Whatever you may say
No matter what the excuse （is）
③Send it to .
把它寄给负责销售的人。
④ ， call me.
无论你何时来，给我打电话。
whoever is in charge of sales
No matter when you come
句型公式：find＋it＋形容词＋动词不定式（短语）
【教材原句】 I find it hard to keep up my energy right after lunch.我
发现午饭后很难保持精力充沛。
【用法】
“动词＋it（形式宾语）＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语”的复合结构用
法如下：
（1）用于该句型的动词有believe、 think、 consider、 feel、 find、
make等。
（2）宾语补足语的形式有形容词（短语）、名词（短语）、介词短
语、动词不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式（短语）或从句（当宾语补
足语是no use、 no good 时，真正的宾语要用动词-ing 形式）。
【品悟】 Many foreigners find it difficult to learn Chinese.The
Chinese characters are very difficult to write.
许多外国人发现汉语很难学。汉字写起来也很困难。
【写美】 完成句子
①She when and where the meeting would be
held.
她没有说清楚会议将在何时何地举行。
②I think ， for he is so stubborn.
我认为与他讨论这件事是没有用的，因为他太固执了。
didn’t make it clear
it no use talking about it with him
③While the Internet is of great help，I don’t
too much time on it.
尽管互联网很有帮助，但我认为花太多时间在上面不好。
think it a good idea to
spend
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. Looking at green or growing things can put people into a better
m .
2. She l her eyes， shaking her head slightly.
3. The closer distance to the sun means solar power would be easier to
g as well.
ood
owered
enerate
4. Kathy picked up a lot of Spanish by playing with the n boys
and girls.
5. Smiling and laughing can （减轻） tension and stress to
some degree.
6. The route that the boatmen choose （不同） according to
the water level.
7. Many old people report that their stomachs can’t （消化）
foods high in calories quickly.
ative
relieve
varies
digest
8. I’m unable to （骑自行车） to school today because my bike
is broken.
9. Kunqu Opera uses a variety of movements to express
specific （情感）.
10. Too much exposure to the sunlight is closely （相关联）
to skin cancer.
cycle
emotions
linked
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的适当形式填空。
1. The health （secure） systems of many countries are
undergoing considerable transformation.
2. Mothers are often the ones who provide （emotion）
support for the family.
3. （vary） kinds of agricultural products are sold in that
supermarket.
security
emotional
Various
4. The （associate） was formed to represent the interests
of women artists.
5. Some fat people are the way they are because they always
eat （greedy）.
6. The dentist says that the tongue should be cleaned
（gentle） with a soft toothbrush.
7. They gave her （salt） water to make her vomit （呕吐）.
8. The driver felt quite （relieve）to see that nobody had
been injured in the traffic accident.
association
greedily
gently
salty
relieved
9. A doctor tells me people who live the longest are dancers and
cyclists.Maybe it is because of the （combine） of
fresh air， smooth movement and exercise.
10. The library contains many popular works of （refer）.
combination
reference
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. 许多乡村学校迫切需要优秀的英语教师。（cry out for）
Many schools in the countryside
.
2. 无论你拿哪本词典，你都至少要付20美元。（no matter＋疑问词）
， you will have to pay at least
20 dollars.
are crying out for good English
teachers
No matter which dictionary you take
3. 再加一点糖应该就可以了。（do the trick）
A bit more sugar .
4. 就像口语一样，肢体语言也随着文化的不同而不同。（vary from ...
to ...）
Just like spoken language， body language
.
5. 你会发现做你感兴趣的事情很开心。（find＋it＋形容词＋动词
不定式）
You’ll what you are interested in.
6. 没有必要着急，你可以慢慢欣赏这本小说。（take one’s time over）
There is no need to worry.You can the novel.
ought to/should do the trick
varies from culture to
culture
find it very pleasant to do
take your time over
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
Whenever I feel lonely， rice pudding cheers 1. （I）
up.Rice pudding 2. （illustrate） the unique power of
“comfort food”， which refers to any food 3. makes us feel
better or makes up for bad feelings by 4. （help） us recall
what we love.
me
illustrates
that
helping
Our comfort foods vary from person to person， depending
5. our own unique experiences shaping our lives.The feeling
of 6. （happy） and sense of belonging are important for
people who move away from their home country.It is hardest 7.
（give） up the food that you grow up with.One mouthful of comfort food
takes us back to our 8. （culture） roots， giving us the
“taste of home” and 9. （relieve） feelings of
homesickness.
Comfort food is not only a bowl of noodles or chicken soup，
10. food for the soul.
on/upon
happiness
to give
cultural
relieving
but
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Fat in the diet has long been linked to stroke （中风） risk， but new
research suggests that it’s the type of fat， not the amount， that may be
the more important factor. The study found that eating more animal fat —
which includes fat from red and processed meat but excludes dairy fat
（不包括乳脂） — was linked to a higher risk of stroke， while a higher
intake （摄入量） of vegetable fats was linked to a lower risk.
The results come from 27 years of data from more than 117，000
health care professionals. The data was pulled from two of the largest and
longest-running nutritional studies in the US — the Nurses’ Health Study
and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. In those studies，
volunteers regularly completed survey forms about their diets and provided
researchers with medical records.
“This study fits with the previous nutritional science that shows that
we should be eating primarily a plant-based diet，” said Dr Michael
Miedema from the Minneapolis Heart Institute. “The average American
diet depends on animal-based proteins and the sooner we can change that
to more plant-based， the better off we’ll be.”
Tracy Severson， a registered dietitian at the OHSU Knight
Cardiovascular Institute， said the findings don’t mean that everyone
needs to ditch meat in their diets completely. “I don’t think anyone needs
to look at this and become a vegetarian who eats plant products only
because that’s not what they want to do， but exchanging even one meal of
red meat a week with an unprocessed vegetarian option is going to be good
for health，” she said.
Because the study was observational， the researchers can’t conclude
cause and effect. Observational studies also come with the limitation that
another variable， such as eating too much salt， could be the real
reason， rather than the nutrient being measured， in this case， fat. In
other words， it’s possible that people who ate a lot of red meat also ate
too much salt， and the salt drove the stroke risk. Despite the limitations，
both Miedema and Severson said the findings can be trusted and are
similar to what nutritional research has previously found — that diet has an
outsize impact on a person’s risk for disease.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，与中风风险有关的是脂
肪类型而不是其摄入量。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，与中风风险有关的是脂
肪类型而不是其摄入量。
1. What is more likely to cause a stroke according to the new study？
A. Addiction to a single diet.
B. Too much daily dairy fat.
C. A high intake of animal fat.
D. Lack of vegetables and fruits.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The study found that eating
more animal fat ...was linked to a higher risk of stroke可知，新研究表
明，大量摄入动物脂肪更容易导致中风。
2. What might many Americans have according to Dr Michael Miedema？
A. A problem of emotional eating.
B. A big chance of having ill health.
C. A preference for plant-based diets.
D. An increased awareness of nutrition.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，普通美国人的
日常饮食依赖于动物蛋白，他们越早将其转变为更多的植物蛋白，
就会越健康。由此可推知，Michael Miedema博士认为美国人健康
状况不佳的可能性很大。
3. What does the underlined word “ditch” in Paragraph 4 probably
mean？
A. Search for. B. Worry about.
C. Give up. D. Depend on.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第四段中Tracy Severson所说的话可
知，她认为这些研究发现并不意味着每个人都需要在饮食中完全
“放弃”肉类，每周用未加工的素食代替一顿红肉亦可。
4. What still confuses researchers？
A. Why salt in meat is a cause of stroke.
B. Why fat in diets is linked to stroke risk.
C. Why animal-based diets appeal to people.
D. Why plant-based diets cause a lower risk of stroke.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句并结合第一段中的研
究发现可知，由于这项研究是观察性的，研究人员无法断定因果关
系，即不知道为何摄入更多的动物脂肪会增加中风的风险，而摄入
更多的植物脂肪则会降低中风的风险。
B
When you think of Chinese food in the US， fried rice，or General
Tso’s chicken may first come to mind.But a new museum exhibition in
New York City is trying to expand visitors’ palates （味蕾）. It features
stories of famous cooks like Martin Yan and home cooks whose food
represents 18 different regional cooking styles of China.
“I think it’s unfair to just classify Chinese cooking as one，” says
Kian Lam Kho， an organizer of “Sour， Sweet， Bitter， Spicy：
Stories of Chinese Food and Identity in America” at the Museum of
Chinese in America.“Even with the same dish or same cuisine， every
family has a different variation.” That’s why the organizers say if you
want to taste the full range of Chinese cuisine in the US， you’ll need to
go beyond restaurants and into home kitchens， which can play a central
role in many immigrants’ lives.
“The kitchen itself is kind of a comfort when you come to a new
country. That’s the one place where you set up as your home base，and
you cook things that you remember from your past，” explains Audra
Ang， another organizer.
One of the home cooks showcased in the exhibition is Ni Biying，
80， of Manhattan. She worked as a live-in babysitter for years before she
could finally afford to rent a home with her own kitchen. These days， you
can usually find her moving around her one-bedroom apartment as a sweet
smell of vinegar and rice wine floats from her stove. For Ni， a small
dinner for friends and family means preparing almost a dozen different
dishes. She learned some of her techniques from her father，who made
most of her family’s meals when she was a child.“I still miss the beef
with stir-fried celery my father used to cook，” she says. And it’s the
kind of comfort food that defines Chinese food for Ni.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纽约市一个新的博物馆
展览。该展览讲述了中国食物和厨师的故事，还介绍了家庭厨房及
家常菜在移民生活中起的关键作用，最后结合Ni Biying的故事指出
家常菜为餐桌带来了更多乐趣。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纽约市一个新的博物馆
展览。该展览讲述了中国食物和厨师的故事，还介绍了家庭厨房及
家常菜在移民生活中起的关键作用，最后结合Ni Biying的故事指出
家常菜为餐桌带来了更多乐趣。
5. What is the new museum exhibition mainly about？
A. Cuisine of different countries.
B. Exploration of famous restaurants.
C. History of Chinese immigration.
D. Stories of Chinese food and cooks.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，新的博物馆展
览主要与中国食物和厨师的故事有关。
6. Why does the kitchen play a key role in many immigrants’ lives？
A. It provides a wealthy life.
B. It brings a sense of belonging.
C. It helps them to accept new cultures.
D. It enables them to forget the past.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中Audra Ang的解释可知，厨房
给许多移民带来了归属感，这正是厨房在许多移民的生活中起着关
键作用的原因所在。
7. What can we learn about Ni Biying from Paragraph 4？
A. She worked in a Chinese restaurant.
B. She made most meals as a child.
C. She learned cooking from her father.
D. She lived with a big family.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的She learned some of her
techniques from her father， who made most of her family’s meals
when she was a child.可知，Ni Biying从她父亲那里学到了一些烹饪
技巧。
8. What can be a suitable title for the text？
A. Cuisine Gains New Variations
B. Home Cooking Brings More to the Table
C. Immigrants Seek Their Fortune in the US
D. Chinese Restaurant Tells Immigrant Tales
解析： 标题归纳题。文章第一、二段介绍了纽约市一个新的博
物馆展览活动的内容，该展览讲述了中国食物和厨师的故事。第三
段介绍了家庭厨房在许多移民的生活中起关键作用的原因所在。最
后一段结合厨师Ni Biying的故事指出家常菜为餐桌带来了更多乐
趣。故B项适合作文章标题。
C
Like most of us， I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.The
arugula （芝麻菜） was to make a nice green salad， rounding out a roast
chicken dinner.But I ended up working late.Then friends called with a
dinner invitation.I stuck the chicken in the freezer.But as days passed， the
arugula went bad.Even worse， I had unthinkingly bought way too
much； I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry，
“food waste goes against the moral grain，”as Elizabeth Royte writes in
this month’s cover story.It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is
thrown away — from “ugly” （but quite eatable） vegetables rejected
by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant
garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water， fuel， and other
resources used to grow it.That makes food waste an environmental
problem.In fact， Royte writes， “if food waste were a country， it
would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand， let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at
the back of my refrigerator.Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the
time — but for him， it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries
nearing their last days.Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in
Washington， D. C. ， which recovers food and turns it into healthy
meals.Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking
donations and collecting blemished （有瑕疵的） produce that otherwise
would have rotted in fields.And the strawberries？ Volunteers will wash，
cut， and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious， yet so often we just don’t
think.“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste， whether by not
purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking
restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat，” Curtin says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在每年有近8亿人挨饿的世界
上，食物浪费违背了道德准则。令人瞠目结舌的是，很多食物被扔
掉了——从“丑陋”（但还可以吃）的蔬菜被杂货店拒绝，到大量
没吃完的菜被扔进餐馆的垃圾桶。作者用种种事例呼吁人们不要浪
费食物。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在每年有近8亿人挨饿的世界
上，食物浪费违背了道德准则。令人瞠目结舌的是，很多食物被扔
掉了——从“丑陋”（但还可以吃）的蔬菜被杂货店拒绝，到大量
没吃完的菜被扔进餐馆的垃圾桶。作者用种种事例呼吁人们不要浪
费食物。
9. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story？
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，更糟糕的是，
作者不假思索地买了太多东西；作者本可以用扔掉的东西做六份沙
拉。由此可知，我们有时会在无意中浪费食物。
10. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text？
A. Moral decline.
B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage.
D. Worldwide starvation.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句可知，生产没人吃
的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源，这使得食
物浪费成为一个环境问题。由此可知，食物浪费的一个后果是环
境危害。
11. What does Curtin’s company do？
A. It produces kitchen equipment.
B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的Curtin is CEO ...rotted in
fields.可知，该公司回收食物并将其转变为健康食品。它通过接受
捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807500磅的食物，否则
这些农产品会在地里腐烂。由此可推知，Curtin的公司把一些人们
不需要的东西变成可以吃的健康食物。
12. What does Curtin suggest people do？
A. Buy only what is needed.
B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week.
D. Eat in restaurants less often.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Curtin说的话可推知，
Curtin建议人们减少食物浪费，只买需要的东西。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Some people want to have treats and are satisfied by a small portion
（一小份）. 13 A balanced eating plan — even for heart disease
prevention or treatment — can certainly include comfort foods and some
treats in moderation （适度）.
Others are not satisfied by small portions and may routinely eat a
whole container of ice cream or family-size bag of chips in one
sitting. 14 If you feel like you can’t find balance and often eat more
high-fat， salty or sweet comfort foods than nutritious meals and snacks，
try these tips to regain balance：
· 15 Take in the aroma （香味） and enjoy the flavour. Discover
how it feels to be satisfied by delicious foods without distractions such as a
TV or computer screen.
·Start to listen to your body’s cues （暗示） so you eat when you are
hungry and stop when you feel full. 16 We tend to eat more，
especially when we are dining while distracted， or are eating for reasons
other than hunger. If you are struggling with eating more treats when you
feel sad， bored or lonely， learn how to control emotional eating.
·Honour your body. There is always a way to welcome those comfort
foods into your eating plan， as long as you also make room for the foods
that are good for your body and enrich your health. 17
A. Look for non-food ways to make you feel better.
B. Take the time to sit down and enjoy the foods you are eating.
C. This seems so simple but many of us eat past the point of fullness.
D. Maybe you can have a cup of ice cream and not want a second helping.
E. Your daily eating pattern is more important than any one meal or snack.
F. A comfort food is any food that gives a satisfying feeling after you
consume it.
G. This becomes a problem when sweet and salty treats replace more
nutritious foods.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何在吃治愈系食物和满足
营养之间找到平衡给出了三条建议。
13. D 上文指出有些人想吃美味食物，只吃一小份就满足了，故D项
（也许你会吃一杯冰激凌而且吃完后不再吃第二份）符合语境，举例
说明上文提到的这类人。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何在吃治愈系食物和满足
营养之间找到平衡给出了三条建议。
14. G 上文指出有些人难以抵挡美味食物的诱惑而吃得太多；下文给
出了可以让你在治愈系食物和满足营养之间找到平衡的三条建议。由
此可知，本空应顺承上文内容，与吃太多治愈系食物导致的不良后果
有关，故G项符合语境。G项中的This指代上文提到的吃太多食物（冰
激凌或者薯条）这件事。
15. B 本段建议慢慢品味美食、细细体会食物带来的满足感。由此可
知，B项（花点时间坐下来，享受你正在吃的食物）符合本段主旨。
B项中的enjoy与下文中的enjoy是原词复现。
16. C 本段建议听从身体的暗示，饿了就吃，饱了就不要再吃。根据
空后一句可知，C项（这看起来简单，但我们很多人都吃得过饱）承
上启下，符合语境。C项中的This指代上文中给出的建议。
17. E 本段建议读者要尊重自己的身体，做好饮食计划，因为总有一
种方法可以让你在满足营养的情况下还能享受治愈系食物。由此可
知，E项符合语境，指出日常饮食习惯的重要性。
谢谢观看！Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.Looking at green or growing things can put people into a better m .
2.She l her eyes， shaking her head slightly.
3.The closer distance to the sun means solar power would be easier to g as well.
4.Kathy picked up a lot of Spanish by playing with the n boys and girls.
5.Smiling and laughing can （减轻） tension and stress to some degree.
6.The route that the boatmen choose （不同） according to the water level.
7.Many old people report that their stomachs can’t （消化） foods high in calories quickly.
8.I’m unable to （骑自行车） to school today because my bike is broken.
9.Kunqu Opera uses a variety of movements to express specific （情感）.
10.Too much exposure to the sunlight is closely （相关联） to skin cancer.
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的适当形式填空。
1.The health （secure） systems of many countries are undergoing considerable transformation.
2.Mothers are often the ones who provide （emotion） support for the family.
3. （vary） kinds of agricultural products are sold in that supermarket.
4.The （associate） was formed to represent the interests of women artists.
5.Some fat people are the way they are because they always eat （greedy）.
6.The dentist says that the tongue should be cleaned （gentle） with a soft toothbrush.
7.They gave her （salt） water to make her vomit （呕吐）.
8.The driver felt quite （relieve） to see that nobody had been injured in the traffic accident.
9.A doctor tells me people who live the longest are dancers and cyclists.Maybe it is because of the （combine） of fresh air， smooth movement and exercise.
10.The library contains many popular works of （refer）.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1.许多乡村学校迫切需要优秀的英语教师。（cry out for）
Many schools in the countryside .
2.无论你拿哪本词典，你都至少要付20美元。（no matter＋疑问词）
， you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.
3.再加一点糖应该就可以了。（do the trick）
A bit more sugar .
4.就像口语一样，肢体语言也随着文化的不同而不同。（vary from ... to ...）
Just like spoken language， body language .
5.你会发现做你感兴趣的事情很开心。（find＋it＋形容词＋动词不定式）
You’ll what you are interested in.
6.没有必要着急，你可以慢慢欣赏这本小说。（take one’s time over）
There is no need to worry.You can the novel.
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever I feel lonely， rice pudding cheers 1. （I） up.Rice pudding 2. （illustrate） the unique power of “comfort food”， which refers to any food 3. makes us feel better or makes up for bad feelings by 4. （help） us recall what we love.
Our comfort foods vary from person to person， depending 5. our own unique experiences shaping our lives.The feeling of 6. （happy） and sense of belonging are important for people who move away from their home country.It is hardest 7. （give） up the food that you grow up with.One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our 8. （culture） roots， giving us the “taste of home” and 9. （relieve） feelings of homesickness.
Comfort food is not only a bowl of noodles or chicken soup， 10. food for the soul.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Fat in the diet has long been linked to stroke （中风） risk， but new research suggests that it’s the type of fat， not the amount， that may be the more important factor. The study found that eating more animal fat — which includes fat from red and processed meat but excludes dairy fat （不包括乳脂） — was linked to a higher risk of stroke， while a higher intake （摄入量） of vegetable fats was linked to a lower risk.
The results come from 27 years of data from more than 117，000 health care professionals. The data was pulled from two of the largest and longest-running nutritional studies in the US — the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. In those studies， volunteers regularly completed survey forms about their diets and provided researchers with medical records.
“This study fits with the previous nutritional science that shows that we should be eating primarily a plant-based diet，” said Dr Michael Miedema from the Minneapolis Heart Institute. “The average American diet depends on animal-based proteins and the sooner we can change that to more plant-based， the better off we’ll be.”
Tracy Severson， a registered dietitian at the OHSU Knight Cardiovascular Institute， said the findings don’t mean that everyone needs to ditch meat in their diets completely. “I don’t think anyone needs to look at this and become a vegetarian who eats plant products only because that’s not what they want to do， but exchanging even one meal of red meat a week with an unprocessed vegetarian option is going to be good for health，” she said.
Because the study was observational， the researchers can’t conclude cause and effect. Observational studies also come with the limitation that another variable， such as eating too much salt， could be the real reason， rather than the nutrient being measured， in this case， fat. In other words， it’s possible that people who ate a lot of red meat also ate too much salt， and the salt drove the stroke risk. Despite the limitations， both Miedema and Severson said the findings can be trusted and are similar to what nutritional research has previously found — that diet has an outsize impact on a person’s risk for disease.
1.What is more likely to cause a stroke according to the new study？
A.Addiction to a single diet.
B.Too much daily dairy fat.
C.A high intake of animal fat.
D.Lack of vegetables and fruits.
2.What might many Americans have according to Dr Michael Miedema？
A.A problem of emotional eating.
B.A big chance of having ill health.
C.A preference for plant-based diets.
D.An increased awareness of nutrition.
3.What does the underlined word “ditch” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？
A.Search for. B.Worry about.
C.Give up. D.Depend on.
4.What still confuses researchers？
A.Why salt in meat is a cause of stroke.
B.Why fat in diets is linked to stroke risk.
C.Why animal-based diets appeal to people.
D.Why plant-based diets cause a lower risk of stroke.
B
When you think of Chinese food in the US， fried rice，or General Tso’s chicken may first come to mind.But a new museum exhibition in New York City is trying to expand visitors’ palates （味蕾）. It features stories of famous cooks like Martin Yan and home cooks whose food represents 18 different regional cooking styles of China.
“I think it’s unfair to just classify Chinese cooking as one，” says Kian Lam Kho， an organizer of “Sour， Sweet， Bitter， Spicy： Stories of Chinese Food and Identity in America” at the Museum of Chinese in America.“Even with the same dish or same cuisine， every family has a different variation.” That’s why the organizers say if you want to taste the full range of Chinese cuisine in the US， you’ll need to go beyond restaurants and into home kitchens， which can play a central role in many immigrants’ lives.
“The kitchen itself is kind of a comfort when you come to a new country. That’s the one place where you set up as your home base，and you cook things that you remember from your past，” explains Audra Ang， another organizer.
One of the home cooks showcased in the exhibition is Ni Biying， 80， of Manhattan. She worked as a live-in babysitter for years before she could finally afford to rent a home with her own kitchen. These days， you can usually find her moving around her one-bedroom apartment as a sweet smell of vinegar and rice wine floats from her stove. For Ni， a small dinner for friends and family means preparing almost a dozen different dishes. She learned some of her techniques from her father，who made most of her family’s meals when she was a child.“I still miss the beef with stir-fried celery my father used to cook，” she says. And it’s the kind of comfort food that defines Chinese food for Ni.
5.What is the new museum exhibition mainly about？
A.Cuisine of different countries.
B.Exploration of famous restaurants.
C.History of Chinese immigration.
D.Stories of Chinese food and cooks.
6.Why does the kitchen play a key role in many immigrants’ lives？
A.It provides a wealthy life.
B.It brings a sense of belonging.
C.It helps them to accept new cultures.
D.It enables them to forget the past.
7.What can we learn about Ni Biying from Paragraph 4？
A.She worked in a Chinese restaurant.
B.She made most meals as a child.
C.She learned cooking from her father.
D.She lived with a big family.
8.What can be a suitable title for the text？
A.Cuisine Gains New Variations
B.Home Cooking Brings More to the Table
C.Immigrants Seek Their Fortune in the US
D.Chinese Restaurant Tells Immigrant Tales
C
Like most of us， I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.The arugula （芝麻菜） was to make a nice green salad， rounding out a roast chicken dinner.But I ended up working late.Then friends called with a dinner invitation.I stuck the chicken in the freezer.But as days passed， the arugula went bad.Even worse， I had unthinkingly bought way too much； I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry， “food waste goes against the moral grain，”as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story.It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” （but quite eatable） vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water， fuel， and other resources used to grow it.That makes food waste an environmental problem.In fact， Royte writes， “if food waste were a country， it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand， let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator.Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him， it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days.Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington， D.C.， which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished （有瑕疵的） produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.And the strawberries？ Volunteers will wash， cut， and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious， yet so often we just don’t think.“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste， whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat，” Curtin says.
9.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story？
A.We pay little attention to food waste.
B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
C.We waste more vegetables than meat.
D.We have good reasons for wasting food.
10.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text？
A.Moral decline.
B.Environmental harm.
C.Energy shortage.
D.Worldwide starvation.
11.What does Curtin’s company do？
A.It produces kitchen equipment.
B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C.It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.
12.What does Curtin suggest people do？
A.Buy only what is needed.
B.Reduce food consumption.
C.Go shopping once a week.
D.Eat in restaurants less often.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Some people want to have treats and are satisfied by a small portion （一小份）. 13 A balanced eating plan — even for heart disease prevention or treatment — can certainly include comfort foods and some treats in moderation （适度）.
Others are not satisfied by small portions and may routinely eat a whole container of ice cream or family-size bag of chips in one sitting. 14 If you feel like you can’t find balance and often eat more high-fat， salty or sweet comfort foods than nutritious meals and snacks， try these tips to regain balance：
· 15 Take in the aroma （香味） and enjoy the flavour. Discover how it feels to be satisfied by delicious foods without distractions such as a TV or computer screen.
·Start to listen to your body’s cues （暗示） so you eat when you are hungry and stop when you feel full. 16 We tend to eat more， especially when we are dining while distracted， or are eating for reasons other than hunger. If you are struggling with eating more treats when you feel sad， bored or lonely， learn how to control emotional eating.
·Honour your body. There is always a way to welcome those comfort foods into your eating plan， as long as you also make room for the foods that are good for your body and enrich your health. 17
A.Look for non-food ways to make you feel better.
B.Take the time to sit down and enjoy the foods you are eating.
C.This seems so simple but many of us eat past the point of fullness.
D.Maybe you can have a cup of ice cream and not want a second helping.
E.Your daily eating pattern is more important than any one meal or snack.
F.A comfort food is any food that gives a satisfying feeling after you consume it.
G.This becomes a problem when sweet and salty treats replace more nutritious foods.
13. 14. 15.
16. 17.
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础知识自测
维度一
1.mood 2.lowered 3.generate 4.native 5.relieve
6.varies 7.digest 8.cycle 9.emotions 10.linked
维度二
1.security 2.emotional 3.Various 4.association
5.greedily 6.gently 7.salty 8.relieved 9.combination 10.reference
维度三
1.are crying out for good English teachers
2.No matter which dictionary you take
3.ought to/should do the trick
4.varies from culture to culture
5.find it very pleasant to do
6.take your time over
维度四
1.me 2.illustrates 3.that 4.helping 5.on/upon
6.happiness 7.to give 8.cultural 9.relieving 10.but
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，与中风风险有关的是脂肪类型而不是其摄入量。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The study found that eating more animal fat ...was linked to a higher risk of stroke可知，新研究表明，大量摄入动物脂肪更容易导致中风。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，普通美国人的日常饮食依赖于动物蛋白，他们越早将其转变为更多的植物蛋白，就会越健康。由此可推知，Michael Miedema博士认为美国人健康状况不佳的可能性很大。
3.C 词义猜测题。根据第四段中Tracy Severson所说的话可知，她认为这些研究发现并不意味着每个人都需要在饮食中完全“放弃”肉类，每周用未加工的素食代替一顿红肉亦可。
4.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句并结合第一段中的研究发现可知，由于这项研究是观察性的，研究人员无法断定因果关系，即不知道为何摄入更多的动物脂肪会增加中风的风险，而摄入更多的植物脂肪则会降低中风的风险。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纽约市一个新的博物馆展览。该展览讲述了中国食物和厨师的故事，还介绍了家庭厨房及家常菜在移民生活中起的关键作用，最后结合Ni Biying的故事指出家常菜为餐桌带来了更多乐趣。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，新的博物馆展览主要与中国食物和厨师的故事有关。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中Audra Ang的解释可知，厨房给许多移民带来了归属感，这正是厨房在许多移民的生活中起着关键作用的原因所在。
7.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的She learned some of her techniques from her father， who made most of her family’s meals when she was a child.可知，Ni Biying从她父亲那里学到了一些烹饪技巧。
8.B 标题归纳题。文章第一、二段介绍了纽约市一个新的博物馆展览活动的内容，该展览讲述了中国食物和厨师的故事。第三段介绍了家庭厨房在许多移民的生活中起关键作用的原因所在。最后一段结合厨师Ni Biying的故事指出家常菜为餐桌带来了更多乐趣。故B项适合作文章标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在每年有近8亿人挨饿的世界上，食物浪费违背了道德准则。令人瞠目结舌的是，很多食物被扔掉了——从“丑陋”（但还可以吃）的蔬菜被杂货店拒绝，到大量没吃完的菜被扔进餐馆的垃圾桶。作者用种种事例呼吁人们不要浪费食物。
9.B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，更糟糕的是，作者不假思索地买了太多东西；作者本可以用扔掉的东西做六份沙拉。由此可知，我们有时会在无意中浪费食物。
10.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句可知，生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源，这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。由此可知，食物浪费的一个后果是环境危害。
11.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的Curtin is CEO ...rotted in fields.可知，该公司回收食物并将其转变为健康食品。它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品会在地里腐烂。由此可推知，Curtin的公司把一些人们不需要的东西变成可以吃的健康食物。
12.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Curtin说的话可推知，Curtin建议人们减少食物浪费，只买需要的东西。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何在吃治愈系食物和满足营养之间找到平衡给出了三条建议。
13.D 上文指出有些人想吃美味食物，只吃一小份就满足了，故D项（也许你会吃一杯冰激凌而且吃完后不再吃第二份）符合语境，举例说明上文提到的这类人。
14.G 上文指出有些人难以抵挡美味食物的诱惑而吃得太多；下文给出了可以让你在治愈系食物和满足营养之间找到平衡的三条建议。由此可知，本空应顺承上文内容，与吃太多治愈系食物导致的不良后果有关，故G项符合语境。G项中的This指代上文提到的吃太多食物（冰激凌或者薯条）这件事。
15.B 本段建议慢慢品味美食、细细体会食物带来的满足感。由此可知，B项（花点时间坐下来，享受你正在吃的食物）符合本段主旨。B项中的enjoy与下文中的enjoy是原词复现。
16.C 本段建议听从身体的暗示，饿了就吃，饱了就不要再吃。根据空后一句可知，C项（这看起来简单，但我们很多人都吃得过饱）承上启下，符合语境。C项中的This指代上文中给出的建议。
17.E 本段建议读者要尊重自己的身体，做好饮食计划，因为总有一种方法可以让你在满足营养的情况下还能享受治愈系食物。由此可知，E项符合语境，指出日常饮食习惯的重要性。
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