Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
Understanding culture through music
Hi Lucy，
So glad to get your email.I hope everything is fine with you.[1]Last night， I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers， a beautiful violin concerto composed① by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. It’s a piece that really deserves② to be heard.
[1]句中composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词violin concerto。另外a beautiful violin concerto作Butterfly Lovers的同位语，起解释说明的作用。
The music took me through the twists and turns③ of a classic story about a young couple torn apart④ by their families. When the two lovers， Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai⑤， first meet， the music is light⑥ and pleasant， as if⑦ whispering⑧ to the audience. It is followed by a fast and cheerful section which represents⑨ their three happy years of school. Then the music gets dramatic⑩ with heavier notes and that is when the lovers are separated because Zhu’s father forces her to marry another man.[2]Angry and sad， Liang falls sick and dies. Zhu weeps bitterly over the loss of her love.Overcome with sorrow， she jumps into his grave .[3] Finally， during the most exciting part， the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note， telling us how the couple transfor into butterflies and fly away to be together forever . It is an amazing journey！
[2]句中形容词短语Angry and sad作状语。
[3]句中telling us ...forever为动词-ing形式作状语。另外how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever为how引导的从句，作telling的宾语。
Butterfly Lovers combines Chinese and Western musical elements：it is played on Western instruments such as the violin， but more significantly， much of the music has its roots in Chinese Yue Opera. [4]This unique combination has made me realize that music is indeed a universal language. You should definitely listen to Butterfly Lovers — I bet you’ll like it！
All the best，
Alice
[4]本句为主从复合句。that music is indeed a universal language为realize的宾语。本句中make sb do sth意为“让某人做某事”。
【读文清障】
①compose vt.& vi.作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静
composer n.作曲家，作曲者
②deserve vt.值得，应得
③twists and turns （故事或情况的）转折，转变，突然变化
④tear apart 使（关系密切的人）分离，分开
⑤Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai 梁山伯和祝英台（民间故事中的人物）
⑥light adj.轻柔的；娱乐性的；轻松的
light and pleasant 轻柔愉悦
⑦as if 似乎；好像
⑧whisper vi.& vt.耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响
n.低语；轻柔的声音；传言
whisper to sb 向某人耳语
in a whisper 低声地；耳语
⑨represent vt.代表；象征
representative n.代表；代理人
adj.典型的；有代表性的
⑩dramatic adj.激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的
force sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事
weep vi.& vt.哭泣，流泪
bitterly adv.悲痛地；沉痛地
loss n.遗失；失去；丧失
at a loss 不知所措
overcome vt.受到……的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜
sorrow n.悲伤，悲痛；伤心事
sorrowful adj.悲伤的；令人痛苦的
grave n.坟墓；死亡，去世
adj.严重的；严肃的
transform vi.& vt.（使）变形，（使）改观，（使）转化
transform into变成；转换为
fly away 飞走
forever adv.永远；长久地；老是
combine vt.& vi.（使）融合；（使）结合，（使）混合；兼做；合并
combine ...and/with ... 把……和……结合
instrument n.乐器；器械
root n.起源，基础，根本
have its roots in 起源于
definitely adv.确切地；肯定地
【参考译文】
透过音乐理解文化
露西：
你好！很高兴收到你的电邮。希望你一切都好。昨晚，我看了《梁祝》的演出，这是一首优美的小提琴协奏曲，由何占豪和陈钢创作。这部作品真的值得一听。
这首乐曲带着我体验了一个跌宕起伏的经典故事，故事讲的是一对被双方家庭拆散的年轻情侣。当两个相爱的人，梁山伯与祝英台初次相见时，音乐轻柔愉悦，像是在和观众低声耳语。随后是欢快的一节，代表两人同窗三载的快乐时光。接下来，曲调突然变得沉重，此时这对情侣被拆散，因为祝英台的父亲逼她另嫁他人。梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡。祝英台为失挚爱而痛哭。她悲痛欲绝，于是跳进了梁山伯的坟墓。最后，在最激昂的部分，乐曲转而柔缓，以凄美的曲调收尾，它告诉我们，这对情侣化蝶而去，永世不再分离。真是一段美妙的旅程！
《梁祝》融合了中西方的音乐元素：以西方乐器，譬如小提琴等演奏，但更重要的是，其曲调大多源自中国的越剧。这种独特的交融使我认识到，音乐的确是一种世界语言。你真该听一听《梁祝》——我保证你一定会喜欢它！
祝一切顺利！
爱丽丝
Dear Stephen，
Life here in Nashville is as interesting as I thought it would be.My host family are big fans of country music， so I can always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs.[5]I love learning about country music and I keep asking them questions about it all the time！
[5]本句是and连接的并列句。动词-ing短语learning about country music和asking them questions ...分别作love和keep的宾语。
[6]It turns out that country music became popular right here in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation.It grew out of such music types as the blues and folk music， so the musicians use many similar instruments， such as the guitar.[7]The tunes are easy to sing， and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought . Most of the songs are about hardship and heartbreak， but also about hope — with plenty of humour thrown in for good measure .You can feel an emotional connection between you and the musicians.
[6]It turns out that ...结果是，原来是……
[7]本句中The tunes are easy to sing ...为“主语＋be＋形容词＋（for sb） to do ...”结构。
Country music shows the peaceful green fields and simple life of the countryside.[8]Obviously I don’t know what it’s truly like to grow up in rural America， but the masters of country music ， like John Denver， can make you feel like you’re there.The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of countryside surroundings ：
[8]本句是but连接的并列句。句中what it’s truly like ...为宾语从句，作know的宾语。
Almost heaven ， West Virginia
Blue Ridge Mountains， Shenandoah River
Life is old there， older than the trees
Younger than the mountains， growing like a breeze
（From “Take Me Home， Country Roads” by John Denver）
Why don’t you try to listen to some great country music？ I guarantee you’ll enjoy it！
Best wishes，
Harry
as interesting as 和……一样有趣
rely on 依赖，依靠；信任
rely on sb to do sth 依赖某人做某事
introduce ...to ...把……介绍/引进……
in the south of America
在美国南部
in the 1940s 在20世纪40年代
blues n.（the blues） 布鲁斯音乐，蓝调；忧郁，悲伤
folk adj.民间的，民俗的
n.民间音乐；人们；各位；家人
folk music 民间音乐
tune n.曲调，曲子
vt.调音；调频道；调整
lyric n.歌词；抒情诗
adj.抒情的；吟唱的
deep in thought 陷入沉思
plenty of 许多；大量的
throw in 奉送，额外赠送
for good measure 作为额外增添
rural adj.乡村的，农村的
urban adj.城市的，都市的
the masters of country music
乡村音乐大师
suggestive adj.暗示的；引起联想的；提示的
surroundings n.周围，环境
surrounding adj.周边的，周围的
heaven n.极乐之地
breeze n.微风，和风
guarantee vt.保证，担保；确保；为（产品）提供保修
n.保证，担保；保修单
guarantee to do sth 保证做某事
under guarantee 在保修期内
【参考译文】
亲爱的斯蒂芬：
在纳什维尔的生活和我之前料想得一样有趣。我（寄宿）的主人家是乡村音乐的“铁杆粉丝”，所以我一直相信他们能给我介绍一些很棒的歌曲。我喜欢了解乡村音乐，一直在请教他们关于乡村音乐的问题。
原来，20 世纪 50 年代乡村音乐正是在美国南部这里流行起来的，随后传遍整个美国。它源于诸如布鲁斯和民谣这样的音乐，所以音乐家们使用很多类似的乐器，比如吉他。乡村音乐的调子朗朗上口，歌词常常发人深省。大部分歌曲唱的是艰难与心碎，但也有希望——其中还附加了很多幽默元素。你可以感受到自己与音乐家之间的那种情感的联系。
乡村音乐展现的是乡村静谧的绿野和质朴的生活。我显然不知道在美国乡村长大究竟是什么样子，但是乡村音乐的大师们，比如约翰·丹佛，能让你觉得身临其境。简单的曲调和唯美的大自然的画面很容易使人联想到乡村的环境：
西弗吉尼亚，简直就是天堂
蓝岭山脉，谢南多厄河
那里生命古老，比树更年长
又比群山年轻，像风一样生长
（摘自约翰·丹佛《乡村路带我回家》）
你为什么不试试听几首很棒的乡村音乐？我保证你会喜欢的！
谨致最美好的祝福，
哈里
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What does the fast and cheerful section in Butterfly Lovers represent？
A.Their first meeting.
B.Their three happy years of school.
C.Their separation by Zhu’s father.
D.Their transformation into butterflies.
2.What kind of music is played when Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai meet？
A.Sad and fast.
B.Soft and bitter.
C.Light and pleasant.
D.Loud and exciting.
3.About Butterfly Lovers， which of the following is TRUE？
A.Butterfly Lovers is a romantic love story with a happy ending.
B.Butterfly Lovers combines Chinese and Western musical elements.
C.Butterfly Lovers is performed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang.
D.Butterfly Lovers is a musical performance which has the only one instrument.
4.What does Harry think of the lyrics of country music？
A.They make you think deeply.
B.They are full of humour.
C.They are easy to remember.
D.They are full of imagination.
5.What do Alice and Harry have in common？
A.They both like Chinese music.
B.They both like soft music.
C.They both come from America.
D.They both live in a foreign country.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）compose vt.& vi.作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静＋-r→composer n.作曲家，作曲者
例如：translater n.翻译者
writer n.作者
dancer n.舞蹈演员；舞蹈者
driver n.司机，驾驶员
（2）weep vi.& vt.哭泣，流泪→wept （过去式）→wept （过去分词）
例如：keep vi.& vt.保持；保留→kept （过去式）→kept （过去分词）
sweep vi.& vt.打扫；扫除→swept（过去式）→swept（过去分词）
（3）sorrow n.悲伤，悲痛；伤心事＋-ful→sorrowful adj.悲伤的
例如：careful adj.小心的；仔细的
hopeful adj.有希望的
helpful adj.有帮助的，乐于助人的
skillful adj.有技巧的；熟练的
（4）combine vt.& vi.（使）融合；（使）结合，（使）混合；兼做；合并＋-ation→combination n.结合
例如：imagination n.想象；想象力
adaptation n.适应；改编
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
拟人修辞手法的运用：拟人就是把事物人格化，赋予动物、自然现象或含蓄抽象的概念以人类的行为特点和生命力。在写作中如果采用拟人的修辞手法来描写一个无生命的物体，就会让这个物体显得活灵活现，在读者的脑海中浮现出一个非常生动的画面。
请从课文中找出使用拟人修辞手法的句子，欣赏、背诵并翻译。
原句：
翻译：
第四步：析难句，清阅读障碍
1.Last night， I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers， a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang.
·句式分析
尝试翻译
2.Finally， during the most exciting part， the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note， telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever.
句式分析
尝试翻译
3.Obviously I don’t know what it’s truly like to grow up in rural America， but the masters of country music， like John Denver， can make you feel like you’re there.
句式分析
尝试翻译
第五步：拓视野，育思维品质
1.The violin concerto Butterfly Lovers is a combination of Chinese and Western musical elements. What do you think of this combination？（Critical Thinking 批判性思维）
2.What image is formed in your mind while listening to the famous country music Take Me Home， Country Roads？
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
deserve vt.值得，应得
【教材原句】 It’s a piece that really deserves to be heard.这部作品真的值得一听。
【用法】
deserve sth 值得某事物
deserve doing＝deserve to be done 值得被做
deserve to do sth 应该做某事；值得做某事
deserve consideration/attention/a rest值得考虑/值得注意/应该休息
【佳句】 Everyone deserves a fair opportunity in life.
每个人在生活中都应享有公平的机会。
【用准】 （1）deserve 不可用于进行时。
（2）当物作主语时，deserve后接doing，主动形式表示被动意义，相当于接动词不定式的被动式。有相同用法的动词还有need、 want、 require等。
【练透】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He deserved （win） the first prize because he had made enough preparations for the contest.
②Keep an open mind，because everyone’s ideas deserve （consider）.
③With many wild animals gradually dying out， the present situation .
随着许多野生动物逐渐灭绝，目前形势值得关注。
【写美】 翻译句子
④如果你做错事，就应当受罚。
tear apart使（关系密切的人）分离，分开
【教材原句】 The music took me through the twists and turns of a classic story about a young couple torn apart by their families.
这首乐曲带着我体验了一个跌宕起伏的经典故事，故事讲的是一对被双方家庭拆散的年轻情侣。
【用法】
（1）tear vi.& vt. 撕开；撕碎；撕掉
tear down 扯下；拆毁
tear up 撕碎；拔起
tear ...from ... 从……撕下……
tear the letter into/to pieces 把信撕成碎片
（2）in tears 流着泪；含着泪
burst into tears 突然大哭起来
fight/hold back tears 强忍住泪水
【佳句】 I don’t want my family to be torn apart by quarrels.
我不想让我的家庭因争吵而分裂。
【练透】 用介词或副词填空
①The workmen tore the old house and built a new one in its place.
②If you’re ready to forgive me， then nothing can tear us ， I promise.
③When we tear one page the calendar， it means our lives have been shortened by one day.
【写美】 完成句子
④He as soon as he had read it.
他一看信就把它撕碎了。
whisper vi.& vt.耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响 n.低语；轻柔的声音；传言
【教材原句】 When the two lovers， Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai， first meet， the music is light and pleasant， as if whispering to the audience.
当两个相爱的人，梁山伯与祝英台初次相见时，音乐轻柔愉悦，像是在和观众低声耳语。
【用法】
（1）whisper sth to sb 对某人耳语某事
whisper about sth/sb 小声议论某事/某人
whisper to sb 对某人耳语
whisper sth in one’s ear 在某人耳边低语
It is/was whispered that ...
有传言说……
（2）in a whisper＝in whispers＝in a low voice
低声地，小声地
【佳句】 Dad whispered a warning to us to keep quiet.爸爸低声警告我们要保持安静。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She turned around and whispered the news him.
②Peter leaned over and whispered something Tom’s ear.
③They sat in the back of the room， talking whispers.
【写美】 翻译句子
④她低声跟我说话以免别人听见。
transform vi.& vt.（使）变形，（使）改观，（使）转化
【教材原句】 Finally， during the most exciting part， the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note， telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever.
最后，在最激昂的部分，乐曲转而柔缓，以凄美的曲调收尾，它告诉我们，这对情侣化蝶而去，永世不再分离。
【用法】
（1）transform ...into ... 把……变成……
transform ...from ...to ...把……从……转变成……
（2）transformation n. 转变；变化
【佳句】 In only 20 years the country has been transformed into an advanced industrial power. 这个国家只用了20年时间就变成了一个先进的工业强国。
【联想】 常见的含有前缀trans-的单词还有：
transplant v.移植 translate v.翻译
transmit v.传送；传播 transfer v.转移；转让
transparent adj.透明的 transport v.& n.运输
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The company has been transformed from a family business one with 5，000 workforce.
②In recent years his ideas have undergone a complete （transform）.
③The old man missed the old house （transform） into a garage by his sons.
【写美】 完成句子
④The movie a well-known star.
这部电影让她几乎一夜之间从一位校园女孩变成一位著名的明星。
rely on依赖，依靠；信任
【教材原句】 My host family are big fans of country music， so I can always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs.
我（寄宿）的主人家是乡村音乐的“铁杆粉丝”，所以我一直相信他们能给我介绍一些很棒的歌曲。
【用法】
（1）rely vi. 依赖，依靠；信赖
rely on/upon sb/sth 指望某人/某事（物）
rely on sb to do sth 指望某人做某事，相信某人会做某事
rely on one’s doing sth 指望/相信/依赖某人做某事，相信某人会做某事
rely on it that ... 相信……，指望……
（2）reliable adj. 可信赖的
（3）近义词：depend v. 依赖，依靠
depend on/upon 依赖，依靠
【佳句】 You can rely on it that I can finish the work on time.
你相信我好了，我会按时完成工作的。
【练透】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①That is， you shouldn’t always rely just the Internet for your research.
②You can’t for anything you plan in England.
在英国做任何计划，你都不能指望天气会变好。
③You can they will finish their work ahead of time.
你可以相信他们会提前完成工作的。
【写美】 句型转换
④I can rely on Tom to keep my secret.
→I can Tom will keep my secret.
surroundings n.周围，环境
【教材原句】 The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of countryside surroundings ...
简单的曲调和唯美的大自然的画面很容易使人联想到乡村的环境……
【用法】
（1）surround vt. 包围；围绕
surround ...with ... 用……包围/围绕……
be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围
（2）surrounding adj. 周围的
surrounded adj. 被包围的
【佳句】 Surrounded by the forest， the village has beautiful surroundings， which attracts many visitors from surrounding areas.
这个村庄被森林包围着，周围环境优美，吸引了许多来自周边地区的游客。
【用准】 （1）surroundings常用复数形式，表示周围具体的物质环境。
（2）environment是集体名词，常用单数形式，表示对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活环境。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The village itself is pretty， but the （surround） countryside is rather dull.
②At first the new （surround） were difficult to tolerate for the freshmen.
③ （surround） by the sea on three sides， modern Qingdao is considered one of the most beautiful cities in China.
【写美】 句式升级
④People say it is Canada’s most beautiful city， which is surrounded by/with mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
→People say it is Canada’s most beautiful city， mountains and the Pacific Ocean.（非谓语动词作状语）
consist of由……组成（或构成）
【教材原句】 It consists of four movements：“The Song of the Yellow River Boatmen”， “Ode to the Yellow River”， “The Yellow River in Anger” and “Defend the Yellow River”.
它由四个乐章组成：《黄河船夫曲》《黄河颂》《黄河愤》《保卫黄河》。
【用法】
（1）consist vi. 组成；构成；在于；一致
consist in＝lie in 存在于；在于
consist with 一致；符合
（2）consistent adj. 一致的；相容的
be consistent with 和……一致；相符
【佳句】 School education consists of not only teaching students academic subjects but also cultivating other skills in them， such as teamwork skills.
学校教育不仅仅包括教授学生学科，还包括培养他们其他的技能，比如团队合作技能。
【用准】 consist of无被动形式，也不可用于进行时。同义短语有be composed of、 be made up of。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①His result is consistent the findings of Garnett and Tobin.
②True education does not consist simply being taught facts.
③The new airport， （consist） of a main terminal and a parking lot，covers an area of about 1.4 million square meters.
【写美】 完成句子
④The programme the following activities：recitation， singing， word spelling， story telling and so on.
该项目包括以下活动：朗诵、唱歌、单词拼写以及讲故事等。
defend vt.& vi.保护，防御；辩白，辩解
【用法】
（1）defend ...from/against （doing） ... 保护……免受……
defend oneself against ...保护自己不受……；为自己辩护
（2）defence n. 防御；辩护；保卫
in defence 保卫，防守
in defence of ... 为了保卫……
（3）defensive adj. 防御性的；自我保护的
【佳句】 They needed more troops to defend their homes against possible attack.
他们需要更多的军队来保卫他们的家园免受可能的攻击。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Like their children， parents are often （defend） about their private lives.
②What points can be raised in （defend） of this argument？
③Everyone should learn how to defend （him） by the lawful means.
④The dam was built to defend the road being washed away.
【写美】 完成句子
⑤ is everyone’s duty.
保卫祖国，人人有责。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：形容词（短语）作状语
【教材原句】 Angry and sad， Liang falls sick and dies. 梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡。
【用法】
（1）含义：形容词（短语）作状语时常用来说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。
（2）逻辑关系：形容词（短语）和主语常可构成系表关系。
（3）位置：形容词（短语）作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
【品悟】 Brave， kind and strong， Xiulian is the character we care about most.我们最关注秀莲这个角色，她勇敢、善良且坚强。
【用准】 如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。
He was late for work.Fortunately， the meeting hadn’t started.
他上班迟到了。幸运的是，会议还没有开始。
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
①She hurried up the steps， .
她匆忙走上台阶，神情紧张，脸色苍白。
②The girl stood there， staring at the food， .
女孩站在那里，盯着食物，又冷又饿。
③ ， he jumped up and down with excitement.
又惊又喜，他兴奋地跳来跳去。
④I was afraid of failing to find our way to the farm.I sat beside a tree and held my shoulders in my arms tightly.
→ ， I sat beside a tree and held my shoulders in my arms tightly.（形容词短语作状语）
句型公式：what引导宾语从句
【教材原句】 Obviously I don’t know what it’s truly like to grow up in rural America， but the masters of country music， like John Denver， can make you feel like you’re there. 我显然不知道在美国乡村长大究竟是什么样子，但是乡村音乐的大师们，比如约翰·丹佛，能让你觉得身临其境。
【用法】
（1）what引导宾语从句时，what在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，意为“……的事物”。
（2）what除了引导宾语从句外，还可以引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
【品悟】 In this painting， Picasso showed his feelings about what had happened to the town. 在这幅画中，对于这座城镇所遭遇的一切，毕加索表达了自己的情感。
【用准】 what在引导名词性从句时具有三大特点：不可省略，作成分，有词义；that在引导名词性从句时具有三大特点：不可省略（宾语从句除外），不作成分，没有词义；which引导名词性从句时意为“哪一个/哪一些”，通常有一个选择的范围。
【写美】 完成句子/句型转换
①We must try to finish .
我们必须尽力完成老师交给我们的任务。
② to her fans is honesty and happiness.
汤姆给他的粉丝们的是真诚和快乐。
③The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about what we will do during the holiday.
→The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about during the holiday.（用特殊疑问词＋to do改写）
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.performance 2.music 3.mix 4.country
5.instruments 6.rural
第二步
1～5 BCBAD
第三步
When the two lovers， Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai， first meet， the music is light and pleasant， as if whispering to the audience.
当两个相爱的人，梁山伯与祝英台初次相见时，音乐轻柔愉悦，像是在和观众低声耳语。
第四步
1.昨晚，我看了《梁祝》的演出，这是一首优美的小提琴协奏曲，由何占豪和陈钢创作。
2.最后，在最激昂的部分，乐曲转而柔缓，以凄美的曲调收尾，它告诉我们，这对情侣化蝶而去，永世不再分离。
3.我显然不知道在美国乡村长大究竟是什么样子，但是乡村音乐的大师们，比如约翰·丹佛，能让你觉得身临其境。
第五步
1.I think this combination is quite successful. By composing Chinese music using Western instruments， the composers show that music has no boundaries — indeed a universal language.
2.A long and quiet path lined with green trees runs through the enormous fields surrounded by blue mountains，towards a beautiful farmhouse — my dreaming home.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①to win ②consideration/considering/to be considered ③deserves attention ④If you do wrong， you deserve punishment/punishing/to be punished.
2.①down ②apart ③from ④tore up the letter
3.①to ②in ③in ④She whispered to me so no one else would hear.
4.①into ②transformation ③transformed
④transformed her almost overnight from a schoolgirl into
5.①on/upon ②rely on the weather being fine
③rely on it that ④rely on it that
6.①surrounding ②surroundings ③Surrounded
④surrounded by/with
7.①with ②in ③consisting ④consists of/is made up of/is composed of
8.①defensive ②defence ③himself ④from/against
⑤The defence of the country
Part Ⅱ
1.①nervous and pale ②cold and hungry ③Surprised and happy ④Afraid of failing to find our way to the farm
2.①what the teacher told us to do ②What Tom offers/gives ③what to do
15 / 15(共134张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
3
核心知识·巧突破
4
课时检测·提能力
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Understanding culture through music
Hi Lucy，
So glad to get your email.I hope everything is fine with you.[1]Last
night， I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers， a beautiful violin
concerto composed① by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. It’s a piece that
really deserves② to be heard.
[1]句中composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang为过去分词短语
作后置定语，修饰名词violin concerto。另外a beautiful violin concerto
作Butterfly Lovers的同位语，起解释说明的作用。
【读文清障】
①compose vt.& vi.作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静
composer n.作曲家，作曲者
②deserve vt.值得，应得
The music took me through the twists and turns③ of a classic story
about a young couple torn apart④ by their families. When the two
lovers， Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai⑤， first meet， the music is light
⑥ and pleasant， as if⑦ whispering⑧ to the audience. It is followed by a
fast and cheerful section which represents⑨ their three happy years of
school. Then the music gets dramatic⑩ with heavier notes and that is
when the lovers are separated because Zhu’s father forces her to marry
another man.[2]Angry and sad， Liang falls sick and dies.
Zhu weeps bitterly over the loss of her love.Overcome with
sorrow ， she jumps into his grave .[3] Finally， during the most
exciting part， the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note，
telling us how the couple transfor into butterflies and fly away to
be together forever . It is an amazing journey！
[2]句中形容词短语Angry and sad作状语。
[3]句中telling us ...forever为动词-ing形式作状语。另外how the
couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever为
how引导的从句，作telling的宾语。
③twists and turns （故事或情况的）转折，转变，突然变化
④tear apart 使（关系密切的人）分离，分开
⑤Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai 梁山伯和祝英台（民间故事中的
人物）
⑥light adj.轻柔的；娱乐性的；轻松的
light and pleasant 轻柔愉悦
⑦as if 似乎；好像
⑧whisper vi.& vt.耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响
n.低语；轻柔的声音；传言
whisper to sb 向某人耳语
in a whisper 低声地；耳语
⑨represent vt.代表；象征
representative n.代表；代理人
adj.典型的；有代表性的
⑩dramatic adj.激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的
force sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事
weep vi.& vt.哭泣，流泪
bitterly adv.悲痛地；沉痛地
loss n.遗失；失去；丧失
at a loss 不知所措
overcome vt.受到……的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜
sorrow n.悲伤，悲痛；伤心事
sorrowful adj.悲伤的；令人痛苦的
grave n.坟墓；死亡，去世
adj.严重的；严肃的
transform vi.& vt.（使）变形，（使）改观，（使）转化
transform into变成；转换为
fly away 飞走
forever adv.永远；长久地；老是
Butterfly Lovers combines Chinese and Western musical elements：
it is played on Western instruments such as the violin， but more
significantly， much of the music has its roots in Chinese Yue Opera.
[4]This unique combination has made me realize that music is indeed a
universal language. You should definitely listen to Butterfly Lovers — I
bet you’ll like it！
All the best，
Alice
[4]本句为主从复合句。that music is indeed a universal language
为realize的宾语。本句中make sb do sth意为“让某人做某事”。
combine vt.& vi.（使）融合；（使）结合，（使）混合；兼
做；合并
combine ...and/with ... 把……和……结合
instrument n.乐器；器械
root n.起源，基础，根本
have its roots in 起源于
definitely adv.确切地；肯定地
【参考译文】
透过音乐理解文化
露西：
你好！很高兴收到你的电邮。希望你一切都好。昨晚，我看了
《梁祝》的演出，这是一首优美的小提琴协奏曲，由何占豪和陈钢创
作。这部作品真的值得一听。
这首乐曲带着我体验了一个跌宕起伏的经典故事，故事讲的是一
对被双方家庭拆散的年轻情侣。当两个相爱的人，梁山伯与祝英台初
次相见时，音乐轻柔愉悦，像是在和观众低声耳语。随后是欢快的一
节，代表两人同窗三载的快乐时光。接下来，曲调突然变得沉重，此
时这对情侣被拆散，因为祝英台的父亲逼她另嫁他人。梁山伯悲愤交
加，染病而亡。祝英台为失挚爱而痛哭。她悲痛欲绝，于是跳进了梁
山伯的坟墓。最后，在最激昂的部分，乐曲转而柔缓，以凄美的曲调
收尾，它告诉我们，这对情侣化蝶而去，永世不再分离。真是一段美
妙的旅程！
《梁祝》融合了中西方的音乐元素：以西方乐器，譬如小提琴等
演奏，但更重要的是，其曲调大多源自中国的越剧。这种独特的交融
使我认识到，音乐的确是一种世界语言。你真该听一听《梁祝》——
我保证你一定会喜欢它！
祝一切顺利！
爱丽丝
Dear Stephen，
Life here in Nashville is as interesting as I thought it would be.My
host family are big fans of country music， so I can always rely on them
to introduce me to some great songs.[5]I love learning about country
music and I keep asking them questions about it all the time！
[5]本句是and连接的并列句。动词-ing短语learning about country
music和asking them questions ...分别作love和keep的宾语。
as interesting as 和……一样有趣
rely on 依赖，依靠；信任
rely on sb to do sth 依赖某人做某事
introduce ...to ...把……介绍/引进……
[6]It turns out that country music became popular right here in the
south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation.It grew
out of such music types as the blues and folk music， so the musicians
use many similar instruments， such as the guitar.[7]The tunes are easy
to sing， and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought . Most of the
songs are about hardship and heartbreak， but also about hope — with
plenty of humour thrown in for good measure .You can feel an
emotional connection between you and the musicians.
[6]It turns out that ...结果是，原来是……
[7]本句中The tunes are easy to sing ...为“主语＋be＋形容词＋（for
sb） to do ...”结构。
in the south of America 在美国南部
in the 1940s 在20世纪40年代
blues n.（the blues） 布鲁斯音乐，蓝调；忧郁，悲伤
folk adj.民间的，民俗的
n.民间音乐；人们；各位；家人
folk music 民间音乐
tune n.曲调，曲子
vt.调音；调频道；调整
lyric n.歌词；抒情诗
adj.抒情的；吟唱的
deep in thought 陷入沉思
plenty of 许多；大量的
throw in 奉送，额外赠送
for good measure 作为额外增添
Country music shows the peaceful green fields and simple life of the
countryside.[8]Obviously I don’t know what it’s truly like to grow up in
rural America， but the masters of country music ， like John
Denver， can make you feel like you’re there.The simple tunes and
beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of countryside
surroundings ：
[8]本句是but连接的并列句。句中what it’s truly like ...为宾语从
句，作know的宾语。
rural adj.乡村的，农村的
urban adj.城市的，都市的
the masters of country music
乡村音乐大师
suggestive adj.暗示的；引起联想的；提示的
surroundings n.周围，环境
surrounding adj.周边的，周围的
Almost heaven ， West Virginia
Blue Ridge Mountains， Shenandoah River
Life is old there， older than the trees
Younger than the mountains， growing like a breeze
（From “Take Me Home， Country Roads” by John Denver）
Why don’t you try to listen to some great country music？ I
guarantee you’ll enjoy it！
Best wishes，
Harry
heaven n.极乐之地
breeze n.微风，和风
guarantee vt.保证，担保；确保；为（产品）提供保修
n.保证，担保；保修单
guarantee to do sth 保证做某事
under guarantee 在保修期内
【参考译文】
亲爱的斯蒂芬：
在纳什维尔的生活和我之前料想得一样有趣。我（寄宿）的主人
家是乡村音乐的“铁杆粉丝”，所以我一直相信他们能给我介绍一些
很棒的歌曲。我喜欢了解乡村音乐，一直在请教他们关于乡村音乐的
问题。
原来，20 世纪 50 年代乡村音乐正是在美国南部这里流行起来
的，随后传遍整个美国。它源于诸如布鲁斯和民谣这样的音乐，所以
音乐家们使用很多类似的乐器，比如吉他。乡村音乐的调子朗朗上
口，歌词常常发人深省。大部分歌曲唱的是艰难与心碎，但也有希
望——其中还附加了很多幽默元素。你可以感受到自己与音乐家之间
的那种情感的联系。
乡村音乐展现的是乡村静谧的绿野和质朴的生活。我显然不知道
在美国乡村长大究竟是什么样子，但是乡村音乐的大师们，比如约
翰·丹佛，能让你觉得身临其境。简单的曲调和唯美的大自然的画面很
容易使人联想到乡村的环境：
西弗吉尼亚，简直就是天堂
蓝岭山脉，谢南多厄河
那里生命古老，比树更年长
又比群山年轻，像风一样生长
（摘自约翰·丹佛《乡村路带我回家》）
你为什么不试试听几首很棒的乡村音乐？我保证你会喜欢的！
谨致最美好的祝福，
哈里
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What does the fast and cheerful section in Butterfly Lovers represent？
A. Their first meeting.
B. Their three happy years of school.
C. Their separation by Zhu’s father.
D. Their transformation into butterflies.
2. What kind of music is played when Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai
meet？
A. Sad and fast. B. Soft and bitter.
C. Light and pleasant. D. Loud and exciting.
3. About Butterfly Lovers， which of the following is TRUE？
A. Butterfly Lovers is a romantic love story with a happy ending.
B. Butterfly Lovers combines Chinese and Western musical elements.
C. Butterfly Lovers is performed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang.
D. Butterfly Lovers is a musical performance which has the only one
instrument.
4. What does Harry think of the lyrics of country music？
A. They make you think deeply.
B. They are full of humour.
C. They are easy to remember.
D. They are full of imagination.
5. What do Alice and Harry have in common？
A. They both like Chinese music.
B. They both like soft music.
C. They both come from America.
D. They both live in a foreign country.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）compose vt.& vi.作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静＋-r→composer n.
作曲家，作曲者
例如：translater n.翻译者
writer n.作者
dancer n.舞蹈演员；舞蹈者
driver n.司机，驾驶员
（2）weep vi.& vt.哭泣，流泪→wept （过去式）→wept （过去
分词）
例如：keep vi.& vt.保持；保留→kept （过去式）→kept （过
去分词）
sweep vi.& vt.打扫；扫除→swept（过去式）→swept（过
去分词）
（3）sorrow n.悲伤，悲痛；伤心事＋-ful→sorrowful adj.悲伤的
例如：careful adj.小心的；仔细的
hopeful adj.有希望的
helpful adj.有帮助的，乐于助人的
skillful adj.有技巧的；熟练的
（4）combine vt.& vi.（使）融合；（使）结合，（使）混合；兼
做；合并＋-ation→combination n.结合
例如：imagination n.想象；想象力
adaptation n.适应；改编
2. 美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
拟人修辞手法的运用：拟人就是把事物人格化，赋予动物、自然现
象或含蓄抽象的概念以人类的行为特点和生命力。在写作中如果采
用拟人的修辞手法来描写一个无生命的物体，就会让这个物体显得
活灵活现，在读者的脑海中浮现出一个非常生动的画面。请从课文
中找出使用拟人修辞手法的句子，欣赏、背诵并翻译。
原句：
翻译：
When the two lovers， Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai， first
meet， the music is light and pleasant， as if whispering to the
audience.
当两个相爱的人，梁山伯与祝英台初次相见时，音乐轻柔
愉悦，像是在和观众低声耳语。
第四步：析难句，清阅读障碍
1. Last night， I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers， a beautiful
violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang.
尝试翻译
句式分析
昨晚，我看了《梁祝》的演出，这是一首优美的小提琴协奏曲，
由何占豪和陈钢创作。
2. Finally， during the most exciting part， the music takes a softer turn
and ends on a bittersweet note， telling us how the couple transform
into butterflies and fly away to be together forever.
句式分析
尝试翻译
最后，在最激昂的部分，乐曲转而柔缓，以凄美的曲调收尾，它
告诉我们，这对情侣化蝶而去，永世不再分离。
3. Obviously I don’t know what it’s truly like to grow up in rural
America， but the masters of country music， like John Denver， can
make you feel like you’re there.
句式分析
尝试翻译
我显然不知道在美国乡村长大究竟是什么样子，但是乡村音乐的
大师们，比如约翰·丹佛，能让你觉得身临其境。
第五步：拓视野，育思维品质
1. The violin concerto Butterfly Lovers is a combination of Chinese and
Western musical elements. What do you think of this combination？
（Critical Thinking 批判性思维）
I think this combination is quite successful. By composing Chinese
music using Western instruments， the composers show that music has
no boundaries — indeed a universal language.
2. What image is formed in your mind while listening to the famous
country music Take Me Home， Country Roads？
A long and quiet path lined with green trees runs through the
enormous fields surrounded by blue mountains，towards a beautiful
farmhouse — my dreaming home.
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
deserve vt.值得，应得
【教材原句】 It’s a piece that really deserves to be heard.这部作品真
的值得一听。
【用法】
deserve sth 值得某事物
deserve doing＝deserve to be done 值得被做
deserve to do sth 应该做某事；值得做某事
deserve consideration/attention/a rest 值得考虑/值得注意/应该休息
【佳句】 Everyone deserves a fair opportunity in life. 每个人在生活中
都应享有公平的机会。
【用准】 （1）deserve 不可用于进行时。
（2）当物作主语时，deserve后接doing，主动形式表示被动意义，相
当于接动词不定式的被动式。有相同用法的动词还有need、
want、 require等。
【练透】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He deserved （win） the first prize because he had
made enough preparations for the contest.
②Keep an open mind，because everyone’s ideas
deserve
（consider）.
③With many wild animals gradually dying out， the present
situation .
随着许多野生动物逐渐灭绝，目前形势值得关注。
consideration/considering/to be considered
deserves attention
to win
【写美】 翻译句子
④如果你做错事，就应当受罚。
If you do wrong， you deserve punishment/punishing/to be
punished.
tear apart使（关系密切的人）分离，分开
【教材原句】 The music took me through the twists and turns of a
classic story about a young couple torn apart by their families.
这首乐曲带着我体验了一个跌宕起伏的经典故事，故事讲的是一对被
双方家庭拆散的年轻情侣。
（1）tear vi.& vt. 撕开；撕碎；撕掉
tear down 扯下；拆毁
tear up 撕碎；拔起
tear ...from ... 从……撕下……
tear the letter into/to pieces 把信撕成碎片
（2）in tears 流着泪；含着泪
burst into tears 突然大哭起来
fight/hold back tears 强忍住泪水
【用法】
【佳句】 I don’t want my family to be torn apart by quarrels. 我不想
让我的家庭因争吵而分裂。
【练透】 用介词或副词填空
①The workmen tore the old house and built a new one in its
place.
②If you’re ready to forgive me， then nothing can tear us ， I
promise.
③When we tear one page the calendar， it means our lives have
been shortened by one day.
down
apart
from
【写美】 完成句子
④He as soon as he had read it.
他一看信就把它撕碎了。
tore up the letter
whisper vi.& vt.耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响 n.低语；轻柔的声
音；传言
【教材原句】 When the two lovers， Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai，
first meet， the music is light and pleasant， as if whispering to the
audience.
当两个相爱的人，梁山伯与祝英台初次相见时，音乐轻柔愉悦，像是
在和观众低声耳语。
（1）whisper sth to sb 对某人耳语某事
whisper about sth/sb 小声议论某事/某人
whisper to sb 对某人耳语
whisper sth in one’s ear 在某人耳边低语
It is/was whispered that ... 有传言说……
（2）in a whisper＝in whispers＝in a low voice 低声地，小声地
【用法】
【佳句】 Dad whispered a warning to us to keep quiet.爸爸低声警告
我们要保持安静。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She turned around and whispered the news him.
②Peter leaned over and whispered something Tom’s ear.
③They sat in the back of the room， talking whispers.
【写美】 翻译句子
④她低声跟我说话以免别人听见。
to
in
in
She whispered to me so no one else would hear.
transform vi.& vt.（使）变形，（使）改观，（使）转化
【教材原句】 Finally， during the most exciting part， the music takes
a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note， telling us how the couple
transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever.
最后，在最激昂的部分，乐曲转而柔缓，以凄美的曲调收尾，它告诉
我们，这对情侣化蝶而去，永世不再分离。
（1）transform ...into ... 把……变成……
transform ...from ...to ... 把……从……转变成……
（2）transformation n. 转变；变化
【用法】
【佳句】 In only 20 years the country has been transformed into an
advanced industrial power. 这个国家只用了20年时间就变成了一个先进
的工业强国。
【联想】 常见的含有前缀trans-的单词还有：
transplant v.移植 translate v.翻译
transmit v.传送；传播 transfer v.转移；转让
transparent adj.透明的 transport v.& n.运输
①The company has been transformed from a family business one
with 5，000 workforce.
②In recent years his ideas have undergone a complete
（transform）.
③The old man missed the old house （transform） into a
garage by his sons.
into
transformation
transformed
【练透】单句语法填空
【写美】 完成句子
④The movie
a well-known star.
这部电影让她几乎一夜之间从一位校园女孩变成一位著名的明星。
transformed her almost overnight from a schoolgirl into
rely on依赖，依靠；信任
【教材原句】 My host family are big fans of country music， so I can
always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs.
我（寄宿）的主人家是乡村音乐的“铁杆粉丝”，所以我一直相信他
们能给我介绍一些很棒的歌曲。
（1）rely vi. 依赖，依靠；信赖
rely on/upon sb/sth 指望某人/某事（物）
rely on sb to do sth 指望某人做某事，相信某人会做某事
rely on one’s doing sth 指望/相信/依赖某人做某事，相信某人会做某事
rely on it that ... 相信……，指望……
（2）reliable adj. 可信赖的
（3）近义词：depend v. 依赖，依靠
depend on/upon 依赖，依靠
【用法】
【佳句】 You can rely on it that I can finish the work on time.你相信
我好了，我会按时完成工作的。
【练透】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①That is， you shouldn’t always rely just the Internet for
your research.
②You can’t for anything you plan in
England.
on/upon
rely on the weather being fine
在英国做任何计划，你都不能指望天气会变好。
③You can they will finish their work ahead of time.
你可以相信他们会提前完成工作的。
【写美】 句型转换
④I can rely on Tom to keep my secret.
→I can Tom will keep my secret.
rely on it that
rely on it that
surroundings n.周围，环境
【教材原句】 The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often
very suggestive of countryside surroundings ...简单的曲调和唯美的大自
然的画面很容易使人联想到乡村的环境……
【用法】
（1）surround vt. 包围；围绕
surround ...with ... 用……包围/围绕……
be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围
（2）surrounding adj. 周围的
surrounded adj. 被包围的
【佳句】 Surrounded by the forest， the village has beautiful
surroundings， which attracts many visitors from surrounding
areas. 这个村庄被森林包围着，周围环境优美，吸引了许多来自周
边地区的游客。
【用准】 （1）surroundings常用复数形式，表示周围具体的物
质环境。
（2）environment是集体名词，常用单数形式，表示对人的发展产生
影响的自然环境或生活环境。
①The village itself is pretty， but the
（surround） countryside is rather dull.
②At first the new （surround） were difficult to
tolerate for the freshmen.
③ （surround） by the sea on three sides， modern
Qingdao is considered one of the most beautiful cities in China.
surrounding
surroundings
Surrounded
【练透】 单句语法填空
【写美】 句式升级
④People say it is Canada’s most beautiful city， which is
surrounded by/with mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
→People say it is Canada’s most beautiful city，
mountains and the Pacific Ocean.（非谓语动词作状语）
surrounded
by/with
consist of由……组成（或构成）
【教材原句】 It consists of four movements：“The Song of the
Yellow River Boatmen”， “Ode to the Yellow River”， “The Yellow
River in Anger” and “Defend the Yellow River”.
它由四个乐章组成：《黄河船夫曲》《黄河颂》《黄河愤》《保卫黄
河》。
（1）consist vi. 组成；构成；在于；一致
consist in＝lie in 存在于；在于
consist with 一致；符合
（2）consistent adj. 一致的；相容的
be consistent with 和……一致；相符
【用法】
【佳句】 School education consists of not only teaching students
academic subjects but also cultivating other skills in them， such as
teamwork skills.
学校教育不仅仅包括教授学生学科，还包括培养他们其他的技能，比
如团队合作技能。
【用准】 consist of无被动形式，也不可用于进行时。同义短语有be
composed of、 be made up of。
②True education does not consist simply being taught facts.
【练透】 单句语法填空
①His result is consistent the findings of Garnett and Tobin.
with
in
③The new airport， （consist） of a main terminal and a
parking lot，covers an area of about 1.4 million square meters.
consisting
【写美】 完成句子
④The programme the
following activities：recitation， singing， word spelling， story telling
and so on.
该项目包括以下活动：朗诵、唱歌、单词拼写以及讲故事等。
consists of/is made up of/is composed of
defend vt.& vi.保护，防御；辩白，辩解
【用法】
（1）defend ...from/against （doing） ... 保护……免受……
defend oneself against ... 保护自己不受……；为自己辩护
（2）defence n. 防御；辩护；保卫
in defence 保卫，防守
in defence of ... 为了保卫……
（3）defensive adj. 防御性的；自我保护的
【佳句】 They needed more troops to defend their homes
against possible attack. 他们需要更多的军队来保卫他们的家园免
受可能的攻击。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Like their children， parents are often （defend） about
their private lives.
②What points can be raised in （defend） of this
argument？
defensive
defence
③Everyone should learn how to defend （him） by the
lawful means.
④The dam was built to defend the road being washed
away.
【写美】 完成句子
⑤ is everyone’s duty.
保卫祖国，人人有责。
himself
from/against
The defence of the country
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：形容词（短语）作状语
【教材原句】 Angry and sad， Liang falls sick and dies. 梁山伯悲愤
交加，染病而亡。
（1）含义：形容词（短语）作状语时常用来说明句子主语的特点或
处于某种状态。
（2）逻辑关系：形容词（短语）和主语常可构成系表关系。
（3）位置：形容词（短语）作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况
等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
【用法】
【品悟】 Brave， kind and strong， Xiulian is the character we care
about most.
我们最关注秀莲这个角色，她勇敢、善良且坚强。
【用准】 如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作
状语。
He was late for work.Fortunately， the meeting hadn’t started.他上班迟
到了。幸运的是，会议还没有开始。
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
①She hurried up the steps， .
她匆忙走上台阶，神情紧张，脸色苍白。
nervous and pale
②The girl stood there， staring at the food， .
女孩站在那里，盯着食物，又冷又饿。
③ ， he jumped up and down with excitement.
又惊又喜，他兴奋地跳来跳去。
④I was afraid of failing to find our way to the farm.I sat beside a tree and
held my shoulders in my arms tightly.
→ ， I sat beside a tree
and held my shoulders in my arms tightly.（形容词短语作状语）
cold and hungry
Surprised and happy
Afraid of failing to find our way to the farm
句型公式：what引导宾语从句
【教材原句】 Obviously I don’t know what it’s truly like to grow up
in rural America， but the masters of country music， like John
Denver， can make you feel like you’re there. 我显然不知道在美国乡村
长大究竟是什么样子，但是乡村音乐的大师们，比如约翰·丹佛，能
让你觉得身临其境。
（1）what引导宾语从句时，what在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，
意为“……的事物”。
（2）what除了引导宾语从句外，还可以引导主语从句、表语从句、
同位语从句。
【用法】
【品悟】 In this painting， Picasso showed his feelings about what had
happened to the town.
在这幅画中，对于这座城镇所遭遇的一切，毕加索表达了自己的
情感。
【用准】 what在引导名词性从句时具有三大特点：不可省略，作成
分，有词义；that在引导名词性从句时具有三大特点：不可省略（宾
语从句除外），不作成分，没有词义；which引导名词性从句时意为
“哪一个/哪一些”，通常有一个选择的范围。
①We must try to finish .
我们必须尽力完成老师交给我们的任务。
② to her fans is honesty and happiness.
汤姆给他的粉丝们的是真诚和快乐。
③The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about
what we will do during the holiday.
→The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking
about during the holiday.（用特殊疑问词＋to do改写）
what the teacher told us to do
What Tom offers/gives
what to do
【写美】 完成句子/句型转换
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. A lecture was held last week to teach musicians and other artists to
d their rights.
2. Musical theatre is a form of theatrical performance that c
songs， spoken dialogue， acting and dance.
efend
ombines
3. Maybe debate is going to be less p ，but it will always be
more productive.
4. He was having to w in order to avoid being overheard by
their nosy neighbours.
5. The announcement had a （夸张的） effect on house
prices.
6. It was an event that would （转变） my life.
7. The hotel （结合）comfort with convenience.
leasant
hisper
dramatic
transform
combines
8. These plants have a tendency to grow in the （农村的）
areas.
9. He gave me a （保证） that it would never happen
again.
10. As the （微风） grew in strength， the flags shook.
rural
guarantee
breeze
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的适当形式填空。
1. The film The Sound of Music is an （adapt） of the
1959 stage musical of the same name.
2. She’s only 18 but she’s already a practised （compose）.
3. The （surround） villages have been absorbed by the
growing city.
4. （transform） is not only a choice， but also a
strategy.
adaptation
composer
surrounding
Transformation
5. The from the USA very well at the
concert and their were well received.（perform）
6. The cellphone is rapidly becoming the （universe）
means of communication， entertainment， source of information，
and even education.
7. I am glad to see his （please） look after he saw the film.
8. It is the （combine） of wit （智慧） and political
analysis that makes his articles so readable.
performers
performed
performances
universal
pleased
combination
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. 这些旅行者回到旅馆，又累又困。（形容词短语作状语）
These travelers returned to the hotel， .
2. 她机械地说着话，仿佛在想着什么别的事情。（as if）
She spoke mechanically， something else.
tired and sleepy
as if thinking of
3. 他没通过数学考试，这令他的父亲很生气。（which引导非限制性
定语从句）
He had failed in the maths exam，
.
4. 他们已经尽力帮助她了。（what引导宾语从句）
They’ve done to help her.
which made his father very
angry
what they can
5. 创建于1911年的清华大学是无数杰出人物的摇篮。（过去分词短语
作定语）
Tsinghua University， ， is home to a great
number of outstanding figures.
founded in 1911
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last night， I watched Butterfly Lovers， a beautiful violin concerto
1. （compose） by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang.The music
is a classic story about a young couple 2. （tear） apart by their
families.The music in this 3. （perform） varies
according to the plots of the story.Butterfly Lovers combines Chinese and
Western musical elements. The unique 4. （combine）
has made me realize that music is 5. universal language.
composed
torn
performance
combination
a
My host family in Nashville are big 6. （fan） of country
music.Country music became popular in the 1940s， 7. tunes
are easy to sing.The songs of country music are about hardship，
heartbreak 8. hope.And country music shows the simple life of the
countryside. 9. （obvious）， the masters of country
music can make you feel like you are in the countryside.So I suggest that
you 10. （listen） to some great country music.
fans
whose
and
Obviously
should listen
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Do you listen to music at the gym？ Today， most gym-goers like to
wear headphones and listen to self-selected music while they’re doing
exercise. Why do songs from personalized playlists seem to increase
motivation and make intense exercise more enjoyable when someone is
walking or jogging？
Based on practical experience， a recent study provides new evidence
that listening to music while running on a treadmill （跑步机） fights
with mental tiredness and improves performance. According to a news
release， this study is “the first to investigate the effect of listening to
music playlists on long-distance running capacity and performance when
mentally tired”. These findings were published online ahead of print on
22 June.
For this study，researchers from the University of Edinburgh had a
group of experienced runners do a high-intensity 5-kilometre treadmill run
with and without self-selected motivational music after they’d performed a
series of cognitive （认知的） exams designed to put them in a mentally
tired state. The researchers found that “listening to self-selected music in
a mentally tired state reduces the negative impact of mental tiredness on
their running capacity and performance， potentially due to changed
perception of effort when listening to music”.
“Mental tiredness is a common occurrence for many of us and can
negatively impact many of our day-to-day activities， including exercise.
Finding safe and effective ways to reduce this negative impact is，
therefore， useful，” Shaun Phillips of Edinburgh’s Moray House
School said in the news release.
“The findings indicate that listening to personalized motivational
music may be a useful strategy to help active people improve their
endurance running capacity and performance when mentally tired，” he
added. “This positive impact of self-selected music could help people to
better keep the quality and beneficial impact of their exercise sessions.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在跑步时听具有个
性化的音乐可以帮助人们对抗精神疲劳，提高表现。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在跑步时听具有个
性化的音乐可以帮助人们对抗精神疲劳，提高表现。
1. What’s the function of the questions in Paragraph 1？
A. To make a comparison.
B. To lead in the topic.
C. To make a prediction.
D. To ask for information.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Based on practical
experience， a recent study...fights with mental tiredness and improves
performance.可推知，第一段提出的问题是为了引出本文所要讨论
的话题——跑步时听音乐可以对抗精神疲劳，提高表现。
2. What was taken into consideration in the experiment design？
A. Runners’ cognitive levels.
B. Runners’ mental states.
C. Runners’ running ability.
D. Runners’ music preference.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，实验是在跑步者精
神状态疲惫的情况下进行的。由此可知，设计实验时考虑了跑步者
的精神状态。
3. Why does the author quote Shaun Phillips’ words in the last two
paragraphs？
A. To describe the experimental process.
B. To explore ways to enhance sports performance.
C. To further clarify the result of the finding.
D. To explain the harmful effects of mental tiredness.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的The researchers
found that “listening to self-selected music ...when listening to
music”.可推知，最后两段引用Shaun Phillips说的话是为了进
一步阐明研究结果。
4. What is the main idea of the text？
A. Personalized music makes runners less tired.
B. Motivational music cheers runners up.
C. Self-selected music maintains life quality.
D. Self-selected music treats mental illnesses.
解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段可知，本文
主要介绍了在跑步时听具有个性化的音乐可以帮助人们对抗精神疲
劳，提高表现，即个性化音乐让跑步者不那么疲惫。
B
When heading out shopping， you might think you are impervious to
marketing strategies， and able to ignore offers that seem too good to be
true. You may believe you can go in and out of a supermarket with only the
items you went in for， but it turns out that you buy more than you need.
Dr Cathrine Jansson-Boyd from Anglia Ruskin University has shared
some major marketing secrets. She says some supermarkets will play
music in store， which in turn makes people think it’s fun to be there and
want to stay longer. And there’s a known connection between the length of
time spent in a store and the number of items bought.
However， Dr Jansson-Boyd admits this isn’t the case in all
supermarkets. “Music isn’t common in all stores anymore because it’s
hard to get the pace right for all customers，” she says. “You often have
to find some middle-paced music that doesn’t really represent anything so
it doesn’t distract （使分心） customers from the products. Where I live
I’ve noticed it’s very clear. Supermarket Waitrose has an older clientele
（顾客群） and older customers tend to get quite angry at music so they
don’t play any， but Sainsbury’s and Tesco have more of a family sort of
focus and do sometimes play music.”
Supermarkets may also use certain smells to encourage you to buy
more， such as the smell of fresh bread around the bakery. “This is the
most traditional method of all，” Dr Jansson-Boyd says.
It’s so often an artificial （人造的） smell because it doesn’t come
from inside in the bakery as often the bread is pre-produced but they still
pump out a smell of fresh bread， as shoppers have childhood connections
with the smell. It’s homely， it’s nice and it’s fresh. You want to believe
that everything in the store is new and fresh， but of course， it isn’t.
However， we sniff （闻） it and we buy into it and we think it’s all very
fresh.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Cathrine Jansson-Boyd博士揭开了商
场超市吸引顾客购买东西的秘密：利用音乐或人造气味。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Cathrine Jansson-Boyd博士揭开了商
场超市吸引顾客购买东西的秘密：利用音乐或人造气味。
5. What do the underlined words “are impervious to” in Paragraph 1
mean？
A. Are curious about.
B. Are able to predict.
C. Are not influenced by.
D. Are not familiar with.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的able to ignore offers
that seem too good to be true可知，出门购物时，你可能会认为你能
够忽视那些看起来太好而不真实的优惠，这说明你觉得自己不会受
营销策略的影响。are impervious to表示“不受……的影响”。
6. What secret does Dr Jansson-Boyd share in Paragraph 2？
A. Stores play music at a certain time.
B. Large supermarkets sell cheap items.
C. Customers prefer certain kinds of music.
D. Music leads customers to shop longer.
解析： 推理判断题。第二段中作者先指出Cathrine Jansson-Boyd
博士分享了超市的营销秘密，之后具体介绍了其内容，即超市是如
何利用音乐来吸引顾客待得更久，从而让他们购买更多的东西，概
括而言，这一秘密是音乐使顾客购物的时间更长。
7. What is special about the supermarket Waitrose？
A. It is intended for families.
B. It hardly ever plays any music.
C. It is more popular with the middle-aged.
D. It tries to satisfy customers’ need for smell.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Supermarket Waitrose has
an older clientele （顾客群） and older customers tend to get quite
angry at music so they don’t play any可知，Waitrose的顾客群体喜欢
安静，为了留住这些顾客，该超市很少播放音乐。
8. How do smells in bakeries work on customers？
A. They revive customers’ early memories.
B. They attract customers to buy expensive bread.
C. They remind customers to go to bakeries more.
D. They make customers forget the existence of time.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的they still pump out a
smell of fresh bread， as shoppers have childhood connections with the
smell可知，面包店利用气味营销，这些气味能唤起顾客与这些气味
相关的儿时记忆。
C
Hands-on exhibits are an important part of science and children’s
museums around the world， and kids love them. But do kids actually
learn from them？ Ideally， museum staff， parents or caregivers are on
hand to guide the children through the exhibits and help learning， but that
is not always possible.
Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University’s Human-Computer
Interaction Institute （HCII） have shown a more effective way to support
learning and increase engagement. They used AI to create a new kind of
interactive （互动的）， hands-on exhibit that includes an intelligent，
virtual assistant （虚拟助手） to interact with visitors.
When the researchers compared their intelligent exhibit to a
traditional one， they found that the intelligent exhibit increased learning
and the time spent at the exhibit. “Having AI and computer vision turned
the play into learning，”said Nesra Yannier， head of the project， who
called the results “purposeful play”.
Earthquake tables are popular exhibits. In a typical example， kids
build towers and then watch them fall on a shaking table. Signs around the
exhibit try to engage kids in thinking about science as they play， but it is
not clear how well they work or how often they are even read.
Yannier led a team of researchers that built an AI-enhanced
earthquake table equipped with a camera， touch screen， large display
and an intelligent assistant， NoRilla， which replaced the signs.
NoRilla， a virtual gorilla （大猩猩）， interacts with kids， taking
them through different challenges and asking questions about why towers
did or didn’t fall along the way and helping them make scientific
discoveries.
The team tested their intelligent earthquake exhibit at the Carnegie
Science Center in Pittsburgh. Elementary-school-aged children interacted
with either the intelligent or the traditional exhibit and completed pre- and
post-tests as well as surveys.
The result revealed that children learned significantly more from the
AI-enhanced intelligent science exhibit compared to the traditional exhibit
while having just as much fun. A surprising result was that even though
children were doing more building in the traditional exhibit， their
building skills did not improve at all， as they mostly engaged in random
tweaking （随机轻微调整） rather than understanding the concepts
behind. The AI-enhanced exhibit not only helped children understand the
scientific concepts better but also helped them improve their building and
engineering skills.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。人工智能技术在博物馆中的应用
让孩子们“边玩边学”。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。人工智能技术在博物馆中的应用
让孩子们“边玩边学”。
9. What is one advantage of the intelligent exhibit compared with a
traditional one？
A. It is smarter in schedule planning.
B. It is more effective in time management.
C. It helps kids learn while they are playing.
D. It inspires kids to explore science independently.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Having AI and computer
vision turned the play into learning可知，与传统展览相比，智能展览
帮助孩子们在玩耍的时候学习知识。
10. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to？
A. Tables. B. Signs.
C. Towers. D. Results.
解析： 代词指代题。根据第四段以及下文可知，展览中的标牌
是为了让孩子们在玩的同时思考背后的科学，然而它们究竟起多
大作用或者孩子们是否去看这些标牌，就不得而知了。they在这里
指signs。
11. Why was NoRilla used to replace signs？
A. To purposefully guide kids’ learning.
B. To make the table stand still.
C. To teach kids to deal with difficulties.
D. To ensure kids’ safety.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四、五段内容可知，孩子们可能不
会仔细阅读展览中的标牌，这些标牌很有可能起不到实际作用。
而智能助手NoRilla会与孩子们进行互动，帮助他们解决困难以及
进行提问，从而帮助孩子们学习科学知识。由此可知，用智能助
手NoRilla取代标牌的目的是有目的地引导孩子们学习。
12. What is the best title for the text？
A. AI-enhanced Exhibits Are the Latest Fashion
B. AI-enhanced Exhibits Inspire Kids’ Love of Animals
C. Adding AI to Museum Exhibits Helps Relieve the Workload
D. Adding AI to Museum Exhibits Helps Kids Learn Through Playing
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲的是将人工智能技
术应用于博物馆展览可帮助孩子们在玩耍的时候学习科学知识。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Have you ever tried reading music？ If so， you probably noticed a
lot of new symbols and words. Maybe you saw the word presto at the
beginning. Perhaps you read piano and crescendo throughout the
song. 13 Or maybe you didn’t — if you knew how to read Italian！
Italian is sometimes called the language that sings. 14 However，
the link between Italian and music is deeper than that. Today， musical
vocabulary is full of Italian words.
However， it wasn’t always so. Thousands of years ago， people
didn’t write music. Instead， they passed songs down orally and taught
each other to play them on instruments. 15 Later， people in Spain
and Italy began putting music to paper for use in church choirs （教堂唱
诗班）.
Around 1000 CE， an Italian man named Guido d’Arezzo came up
with the four-lined staff （四线谱）， which eventually led to the
development of the five-lined staff still used in modern music today. Over
the next few centuries， many of the people writing music were Italian. Of
course， people in other parts of the world were writing music， too. In an
effort to standardize written music， many of them used Italian
terms. 16 For example， Beethoven sometimes used German words
instead of Italian. Claude Debussy used French in Clair de Lune.
17 You might already be familiar with some terms！ One
example is tempo — the speed of a piece of music. Markings in written
music tell the player when the music should be adagio （slow）， or
allegro （fast）. The dynamics， or volume， of a piece of music might
begin with piano （soft）， then crescendo （get louder） and finally
fortissimo （very loud）.
A. Many think it sounds musical.
B. Others wrote music in their own languages.
C. Still， Italian is the primary language used in music.
D. You probably needed to ask your teacher what these words meant.
E. Learning to read music is an important part of practicing those skills.
F. People who write music even have ways to communicate techniques.
G. Ancient people in Babylonia， Greece， and Rome were some of the
earliest to write music.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了乐谱上的音乐术语
及其相关历史。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了乐谱上的音乐术语
及其相关历史。
13. D 上文列举了一些乐谱中会出现的新词；下文提到，或者你不会
这样做——如果你知道如何读意大利语。由此可知，本空应该与你是
否了解上文所提到的新词有关，故D项（你可能需要问你的老师这些
词是什么意思）符合语境。D项中的these words指代上文中的the word
presto和piano and crescendo。
14. A 上文指出意大利语有时被称为唱歌的语言，下文指出意大利语
和音乐之间的联系很深。由此可知，本空应该与意大利语和音乐之间
的关系有关，故A项（意大利语听起来像音乐）符合语境。A项中的it
指代上文中的Italian，且musical与下文中的music是原词复现。
15. G 上文指出几千年以前，人们不会写乐谱，而是通过口头传唱、
相互教对方用乐器演奏的方式传承音乐；下文指出后来西班牙人和意
大利人开始把音乐写在纸上，供教堂唱诗班使用。由此可知，本空应
该与什么人开始写乐谱有关，且与下文内容之间是顺承关系，故G项
（古巴比伦尼亚、古希腊和古罗马的人是最早写乐谱的人）符合语
境。G项中的the earliest对应空后的Later，且write music对应下文中的
putting music to paper。
16. B 上文指出世界上不同地方的人都会写乐谱，但为了使乐谱标准
化，很多人都使用意大利语的音乐术语；下文列举贝多芬用德语写乐
谱和克劳德·德彪西用法语写出了钢琴曲《月光》。由此可知，除了意
大利语，也有人用其他语言写乐谱，故B项符合语境。B项中的wrote
与上文中的writing和written是原词复现，且their own languages对应下
文中的German words和French。
17. C 根据空后一句和下文列举的一些意大利语的音乐术语可知，本
段具体介绍一些意大利语的音乐术语的含义，故C项（意大利语仍然
是乐谱中使用的主要语言）符合语境，并呼应首段内容。
谢谢观看！Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.A lecture was held last week to teach musicians and other artists to d their rights.
2.Musical theatre is a form of theatrical performance that c songs， spoken dialogue， acting and dance.
3.Maybe debate is going to be less p ，but it will always be more productive.
4.He was having to w in order to avoid being overheard by their nosy neighbours.
5.The announcement had a （夸张的） effect on house prices.
6.It was an event that would （转变） my life.
7.The hotel （结合）comfort with convenience.
8.These plants have a tendency to grow in the （农村的） areas.
9.He gave me a （保证） that it would never happen again.
10.As the （微风） grew in strength， the flags shook.
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的适当形式填空。
1.The film The Sound of Music is an （adapt） of the 1959 stage musical of the same name.
2.She’s only 18 but she’s already a practised （compose）.
3.The （surround） villages have been absorbed by the growing city.
4. （transform） is not only a choice， but also a strategy.
5.The from the USA very well at the concert and their were well received.（perform）
6.The cellphone is rapidly becoming the （universe） means of communication， entertainment， source of information， and even education.
7.I am glad to see his （please） look after he saw the film.
8.It is the （combine） of wit （智慧） and political analysis that makes his articles so readable.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1.这些旅行者回到旅馆，又累又困。（形容词短语作状语）
These travelers returned to the hotel， .
2.她机械地说着话，仿佛在想着什么别的事情。（as if）
She spoke mechanically， something else.
3.他没通过数学考试，这令他的父亲很生气。（which引导非限制性定语从句）
He had failed in the maths exam， .
4.他们已经尽力帮助她了。（what引导宾语从句）
They’ve done to help her.
5.创建于1911年的清华大学是无数杰出人物的摇篮。（过去分词短语作定语）
Tsinghua University， ， is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last night， I watched Butterfly Lovers， a beautiful violin concerto 1. （compose） by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang.The music is a classic story about a young couple 2. （tear） apart by their families.The music in this 3. （perform） varies according to the plots of the story.Butterfly Lovers combines Chinese and Western musical elements. The unique 4. （combine） has made me realize that music is 5. universal language.
My host family in Nashville are big 6. （fan） of country music.Country music became popular in the 1940s， 7. tunes are easy to sing.The songs of country music are about hardship， heartbreak 8. hope.And country music shows the simple life of the countryside. 9. （obvious）， the masters of country music can make you feel like you are in the countryside.So I suggest that you 10. （listen） to some great country music.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Do you listen to music at the gym？ Today， most gym-goers like to wear headphones and listen to self-selected music while they’re doing exercise. Why do songs from personalized playlists seem to increase motivation and make intense exercise more enjoyable when someone is walking or jogging？
Based on practical experience， a recent study provides new evidence that listening to music while running on a treadmill （跑步机） fights with mental tiredness and improves performance. According to a news release， this study is “the first to investigate the effect of listening to music playlists on long-distance running capacity and performance when mentally tired”. These findings were published online ahead of print on 22 June.
For this study，researchers from the University of Edinburgh had a group of experienced runners do a high-intensity 5-kilometre treadmill run with and without self-selected motivational music after they’d performed a series of cognitive （认知的） exams designed to put them in a mentally tired state. The researchers found that “listening to self-selected music in a mentally tired state reduces the negative impact of mental tiredness on their running capacity and performance， potentially due to changed perception of effort when listening to music”.
“Mental tiredness is a common occurrence for many of us and can negatively impact many of our day-to-day activities， including exercise. Finding safe and effective ways to reduce this negative impact is， therefore， useful，” Shaun Phillips of Edinburgh’s Moray House School said in the news release.
“The findings indicate that listening to personalized motivational music may be a useful strategy to help active people improve their endurance running capacity and performance when mentally tired，” he added. “This positive impact of self-selected music could help people to better keep the quality and beneficial impact of their exercise sessions.”
1.What’s the function of the questions in Paragraph 1？
A.To make a comparison.
B.To lead in the topic.
C.To make a prediction.
D.To ask for information.
2.What was taken into consideration in the experiment design？
A.Runners’ cognitive levels.
B.Runners’ mental states.
C.Runners’ running ability.
D.Runners’ music preference.
3.Why does the author quote Shaun Phillips’ words in the last two paragraphs？
A.To describe the experimental process.
B.To explore ways to enhance sports performance.
C.To further clarify the result of the finding.
D.To explain the harmful effects of mental tiredness.
4.What is the main idea of the text？
A.Personalized music makes runners less tired.
B.Motivational music cheers runners up.
C.Self-selected music maintains life quality.
D.Self-selected music treats mental illnesses.
B
When heading out shopping， you might think you are impervious to marketing strategies， and able to ignore offers that seem too good to be true. You may believe you can go in and out of a supermarket with only the items you went in for， but it turns out that you buy more than you need.
Dr Cathrine Jansson-Boyd from Anglia Ruskin University has shared some major marketing secrets. She says some supermarkets will play music in store， which in turn makes people think it’s fun to be there and want to stay longer. And there’s a known connection between the length of time spent in a store and the number of items bought.
However， Dr Jansson-Boyd admits this isn’t the case in all supermarkets. “Music isn’t common in all stores anymore because it’s hard to get the pace right for all customers，” she says. “You often have to find some middle-paced music that doesn’t really represent anything so it doesn’t distract （使分心） customers from the products. Where I live I’ve noticed it’s very clear. Supermarket Waitrose has an older clientele （顾客群） and older customers tend to get quite angry at music so they don’t play any， but Sainsbury’s and Tesco have more of a family sort of focus and do sometimes play music.”
Supermarkets may also use certain smells to encourage you to buy more， such as the smell of fresh bread around the bakery. “This is the most traditional method of all，” Dr Jansson-Boyd says.
It’s so often an artificial （人造的） smell because it doesn’t come from inside in the bakery as often the bread is pre-produced but they still pump out a smell of fresh bread， as shoppers have childhood connections with the smell. It’s homely， it’s nice and it’s fresh. You want to believe that everything in the store is new and fresh， but of course， it isn’t. However， we sniff （闻） it and we buy into it and we think it’s all very fresh.
5.What do the underlined words “are impervious to” in Paragraph 1 mean？
A.Are curious about.
B.Are able to predict.
C.Are not influenced by.
D.Are not familiar with.
6.What secret does Dr Jansson-Boyd share in Paragraph 2？
A.Stores play music at a certain time.
B.Large supermarkets sell cheap items.
C.Customers prefer certain kinds of music.
D.Music leads customers to shop longer.
7.What is special about the supermarket Waitrose？
A.It is intended for families.
B.It hardly ever plays any music.
C.It is more popular with the middle-aged.
D.It tries to satisfy customers’ need for smell.
8.How do smells in bakeries work on customers？
A.They revive customers’ early memories.
B.They attract customers to buy expensive bread.
C.They remind customers to go to bakeries more.
D.They make customers forget the existence of time.
C
Hands-on exhibits are an important part of science and children’s museums around the world， and kids love them. But do kids actually learn from them？ Ideally， museum staff， parents or caregivers are on hand to guide the children through the exhibits and help learning， but that is not always possible.
Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University’s Human-Computer Interaction Institute （HCII） have shown a more effective way to support learning and increase engagement. They used AI to create a new kind of interactive （互动的）， hands-on exhibit that includes an intelligent， virtual assistant （虚拟助手） to interact with visitors.
When the researchers compared their intelligent exhibit to a traditional one， they found that the intelligent exhibit increased learning and the time spent at the exhibit. “Having AI and computer vision turned the play into learning，”said Nesra Yannier， head of the project， who called the results “purposeful play”.
Earthquake tables are popular exhibits. In a typical example， kids build towers and then watch them fall on a shaking table. Signs around the exhibit try to engage kids in thinking about science as they play， but it is not clear how well they work or how often they are even read.
Yannier led a team of researchers that built an AI-enhanced earthquake table equipped with a camera， touch screen， large display and an intelligent assistant， NoRilla， which replaced the signs. NoRilla， a virtual gorilla （大猩猩）， interacts with kids， taking them through different challenges and asking questions about why towers did or didn’t fall along the way and helping them make scientific discoveries.
The team tested their intelligent earthquake exhibit at the Carnegie Science Center in Pittsburgh. Elementary-school-aged children interacted with either the intelligent or the traditional exhibit and completed pre- and post-tests as well as surveys.
The result revealed that children learned significantly more from the AI-enhanced intelligent science exhibit compared to the traditional exhibit while having just as much fun. A surprising result was that even though children were doing more building in the traditional exhibit， their building skills did not improve at all， as they mostly engaged in random tweaking （随机轻微调整） rather than understanding the concepts behind. The AI-enhanced exhibit not only helped children understand the scientific concepts better but also helped them improve their building and engineering skills.
9.What is one advantage of the intelligent exhibit compared with a traditional one？
A.It is smarter in schedule planning.
B.It is more effective in time management.
C.It helps kids learn while they are playing.
D.It inspires kids to explore science independently.
10.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to？
A.Tables. B.Signs.
C.Towers. D.Results.
11.Why was NoRilla used to replace signs？
A.To purposefully guide kids’ learning.
B.To make the table stand still.
C.To teach kids to deal with difficulties.
D.To ensure kids’ safety.
12.What is the best title for the text？
A.AI-enhanced Exhibits Are the Latest Fashion
B.AI-enhanced Exhibits Inspire Kids’ Love of Animals
C.Adding AI to Museum Exhibits Helps Relieve the Workload
D.Adding AI to Museum Exhibits Helps Kids Learn Through Playing
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Have you ever tried reading music？ If so， you probably noticed a lot of new symbols and words. Maybe you saw the word presto at the beginning. Perhaps you read piano and crescendo throughout the song. 13 Or maybe you didn’t — if you knew how to read Italian！
Italian is sometimes called the language that sings. 14 However， the link between Italian and music is deeper than that. Today， musical vocabulary is full of Italian words.
However， it wasn’t always so. Thousands of years ago， people didn’t write music. Instead， they passed songs down orally and taught each other to play them on instruments. 15 Later， people in Spain and Italy began putting music to paper for use in church choirs （教堂唱诗班）.
Around 1000 CE， an Italian man named Guido d’Arezzo came up with the four-lined staff （四线谱）， which eventually led to the development of the five-lined staff still used in modern music today. Over the next few centuries， many of the people writing music were Italian. Of course， people in other parts of the world were writing music， too. In an effort to standardize written music， many of them used Italian terms. 16 For example， Beethoven sometimes used German words instead of Italian. Claude Debussy used French in Clair de Lune.
17 You might already be familiar with some terms！ One example is tempo — the speed of a piece of music. Markings in written music tell the player when the music should be adagio （slow）， or allegro （fast）. The dynamics， or volume， of a piece of music might begin with piano （soft）， then crescendo （get louder） and finally fortissimo （very loud）.
A.Many think it sounds musical.
B.Others wrote music in their own languages.
C.Still， Italian is the primary language used in music.
D.You probably needed to ask your teacher what these words meant.
E.Learning to read music is an important part of practicing those skills.
F.People who write music even have ways to communicate techniques.
G.Ancient people in Babylonia， Greece， and Rome were some of the earliest to write music.
13. 14. 15.
16. 17.
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础知识自测
维度一
1.defend 2.combines 3.pleasant 4.whisper 5.dramatic
6.transform 7.combines 8.rural 9.guarantee 10.breeze
维度二
1.adaptation 2.composer 3.surrounding 4.Transformation
5.performers； performed； performances 6.universal
7.pleased 8.combination
维度三
1.tired and sleepy 2.as if thinking of
3.which made his father very angry 4.what they can
5.founded in 1911
维度四
1.composed 2.torn 3.performance 4.combination 5.a
6.fans 7.whose 8.and 9.Obviously 10.should listen
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在跑步时听具有个性化的音乐可以帮助人们对抗精神疲劳，提高表现。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Based on practical experience， a recent study...fights with mental tiredness and improves performance.可推知，第一段提出的问题是为了引出本文所要讨论的话题——跑步时听音乐可以对抗精神疲劳，提高表现。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，实验是在跑步者精神状态疲惫的情况下进行的。由此可知，设计实验时考虑了跑步者的精神状态。
3.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的The researchers found that “listening to self-selected music ...when listening to music”.可推知，最后两段引用Shaun Phillips说的话是为了进一步阐明研究结果。
4.A 主旨大意题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段可知，本文主要介绍了在跑步时听具有个性化的音乐可以帮助人们对抗精神疲劳，提高表现，即个性化音乐让跑步者不那么疲惫。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Cathrine Jansson-Boyd博士揭开了商场超市吸引顾客购买东西的秘密：利用音乐或人造气味。
5.C 词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的able to ignore offers that seem too good to be true可知，出门购物时，你可能会认为你能够忽视那些看起来太好而不真实的优惠，这说明你觉得自己不会受营销策略的影响。are impervious to表示“不受……的影响”。
6.D 推理判断题。第二段中作者先指出Cathrine Jansson-Boyd博士分享了超市的营销秘密，之后具体介绍了其内容，即超市是如何利用音乐来吸引顾客待得更久，从而让他们购买更多的东西，概括而言，这一秘密是音乐使顾客购物的时间更长。
7.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Supermarket Waitrose has an older clientele （顾客群） and older customers tend to get quite angry at music so they don’t play any可知，Waitrose的顾客群体喜欢安静，为了留住这些顾客，该超市很少播放音乐。
8.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的they still pump out a smell of fresh bread， as shoppers have childhood connections with the smell可知，面包店利用气味营销，这些气味能唤起顾客与这些气味相关的儿时记忆。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。人工智能技术在博物馆中的应用让孩子们“边玩边学”。
9.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Having AI and computer vision turned the play into learning可知，与传统展览相比，智能展览帮助孩子们在玩耍的时候学习知识。
10.B 代词指代题。根据第四段以及下文可知，展览中的标牌是为了让孩子们在玩的同时思考背后的科学，然而它们究竟起多大作用或者孩子们是否去看这些标牌，就不得而知了。they在这里指signs。
11.A 细节理解题。根据第四、五段内容可知，孩子们可能不会仔细阅读展览中的标牌，这些标牌很有可能起不到实际作用。而智能助手NoRilla会与孩子们进行互动，帮助他们解决困难以及进行提问，从而帮助孩子们学习科学知识。由此可知，用智能助手NoRilla取代标牌的目的是有目的地引导孩子们学习。
12.D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲的是将人工智能技术应用于博物馆展览可帮助孩子们在玩耍的时候学习科学知识。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了乐谱上的音乐术语及其相关历史。
13.D 上文列举了一些乐谱中会出现的新词；下文提到，或者你不会这样做——如果你知道如何读意大利语。由此可知，本空应该与你是否了解上文所提到的新词有关，故D项（你可能需要问你的老师这些词是什么意思）符合语境。D项中的these words指代上文中的the word presto和piano and crescendo。
14.A 上文指出意大利语有时被称为唱歌的语言，下文指出意大利语和音乐之间的联系很深。由此可知，本空应该与意大利语和音乐之间的关系有关，故A项（意大利语听起来像音乐）符合语境。A项中的it指代上文中的Italian，且musical与下文中的music是原词复现。
15.G 上文指出几千年以前，人们不会写乐谱，而是通过口头传唱、相互教对方用乐器演奏的方式传承音乐；下文指出后来西班牙人和意大利人开始把音乐写在纸上，供教堂唱诗班使用。由此可知，本空应该与什么人开始写乐谱有关，且与下文内容之间是顺承关系，故G项（古巴比伦尼亚、古希腊和古罗马的人是最早写乐谱的人）符合语境。G项中的the earliest对应空后的Later，且write music对应下文中的putting music to paper。
16.B 上文指出世界上不同地方的人都会写乐谱，但为了使乐谱标准化，很多人都使用意大利语的音乐术语；下文列举贝多芬用德语写乐谱和克劳德·德彪西用法语写出了钢琴曲《月光》。由此可知，除了意大利语，也有人用其他语言写乐谱，故B项符合语境。B项中的wrote与上文中的writing和written是原词复现，且their own languages对应下文中的German words和French。
17.C 根据空后一句和下文列举的一些意大利语的音乐术语可知，本段具体介绍一些意大利语的音乐术语的含义，故C项（意大利语仍然是乐谱中使用的主要语言）符合语境，并呼应首段内容。
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