Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
维度一：基础题型练
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.When he saw me， he stopped （say） hello to me.
2.The two students who had broken the school rules were lucky enough to escape （punish）.
3.It is considered no good （recite） without understanding.
4.We couldn’t help （laugh） after we heard his funny story.
5.Why did you keep me （wait） here for so long a time？
6.I remembered （return） the book to you；you must have lost it.
7.As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area needed （repair）.
8.It is difficult to imagine his （accept） the decision without any consideration.
9.If you think that treating a woman well means always （get） her permission for things， think again.
10.Later she scolded her daughter for （talk） to her father like that.
维度二：语法与写作
用动词-ing形式完成下列句子。
1.Thank you for my speech.
谢谢你来听我的演讲。
2.I really appreciate to relax with you on this nice island.
我真的很感激能有时间和你在这个美丽的岛上放松。
3.Would you mind the door？
你介意我打开门吗？
4. is bad for your eyes.
在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。
5.In some parts of London， means waiting for another hour.
在伦敦的一些地区，错过一辆公共汽车意味着要再等一个小时。
6. by bus usually takes me 10 minutes.
乘公共汽车上学通常要花费我10分钟的时间。
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
Making a web page takes some time and practice， but it is not too difficult.1. （understand） the procedure is the key.First you need to find a host， which is a computer company 2. （give） you space on the Internet for your web page.Some companies， such as Yahoo， sell cheap web space to people.
Then you can start 3. （design） your website.One of the most common languages used for 4. （create） web pages is called HTML.This is simply a set of tags telling the computer how 5. （put） words and pictures on a web page.Once you’ve created your web page， you can save it as an HTML document and view it in your web browser.Do not worry about 6. （make） a mistake.If your page looks wrong， simply find the mistake and correct it.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
“Their cheery song brightens many a winter’s day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night — as well as during the day，” British-based researchers say.
David Dominoni， of Glasgow University， said that light from street lamps， takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds’ biological clocks， leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.
Dr Dominoni， who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns， said lack of sleep could put the birds’ health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab，it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light， the more active they are at night.
He told people at a conference， “There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output， there might be some costs of energy.”
And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said， “In Glasgow where I live， gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying ‘You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls？’ During the breeding （繁殖） season， between April and June， they are very active at night and very noisy and people can’t sleep.”
Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution， other research concludes that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.
However， some birds thrive （兴旺） in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators （天敌） fleeing to quieter areas.
1.According to Dr Dominoni’s study， what causes robins to sing so much？
A.The breeding season.
B.The light in modern life.
C.The dangerous environment.
D.The noise from heavy machinery.
2.What is the researchers’ concern over the increase of birds’ song output？
A.The environment might be polluted.
B.The birds’ health might be damaged.
C.The industry cost might be increased.
D.The people’s hearing might be affected.
3.What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？
A.Active at night.
B.Inactive at night.
C.Active during the day.
D.Inactive during the day.
4.Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments？
A.Because there are fewer dangers.
B.Because there is more food to eat.
C.Because there is less light pollution.
D.Because there are more places to take shelter.
B
One Saturday morning， when I was in the kitchen drinking coffee and reading the newspaper， my 6-year-old daughter， Nina， came in hunting for a pen and paper. Finding both items on the kitchen table in front of me， she bent over and began writing. She looked up at me once， meaning for me to notice her. Meanwhile， I wondered what she could be writing.
Then， as quickly as she had begun， she finished. She pushed the pad of paper （便签本） back in my direction， and jumped out of the kitchen.
I pulled the notepad towards me， and read the note. I read it again， and then again， so there could be no mistake. Nina had written a beautiful poem about me！ “Mom is a/Golden Delicious/the softest apple/in the world.”
I sat still for several minutes， holding the notepad in midair. Nina loved me and had found her poetic voice to tell me so. But first， I had work to do. Surely her poetic talent had to be encouraged. After several gulps （几大口） of coffee， I settled on the following：“Nina is/Nina/the sweetest name/in the whole world.”
Calling her back into the kitchen， I pushed the notepad towards her and smiled shyly.
“What’s this， Mom？” she frowned （皱眉）， handing the notepad back to me. “Where’s the answer？”
Thoughts ran through my head as I took the paper back and studied the poem again. Eventually， I found it， the missing punctuation （标点符号）. Mentally adding a comma （逗号） after “Mom”， and a question mark to the end， I understood. Despite the hard reality of the situation staring me in the face， I insisted that her words were a poem.
Eating crow， I tried to answer her question as lovingly as I could， “I don’t know， Nina. I hadn’t thought of it that way before. Do you think Golden Delicious are the softest apples in the world？”
5.For what purpose did Nina look for a pen and paper？
A.To play a game.
B.To write a message.
C.To draw a picture of Mom.
D.To note down Mom’s name.
6.What did Mom do immediately after she read the note？
A.She corrected the language mistakes in it.
B.She called Nina back into the kitchen.
C.She made herself a cup of coffee.
D.She wrote a poem in return.
7.Why did Nina show displeasure？
A.She couldn’t punctuate correctly.
B.She didn’t get the answer she wanted.
C.She couldn’t understand Mom’s words.
D.She didn’t want to use a notepad to write.
8.What might the underlined words “Eating crow” in the last paragraph mean？
A.Being shamed. B.Getting worried.
C.Looking hopeful. D.Feeling confident.
C
As doctors performed surgery on Dagmar Turner’s brain， the sound of a violin filled the operating room. The music came from the patient on the operating table. In a video from the surgery， the violinist was moving her bow （琴弓） up and down as surgeons worked to remove her brain tumor （肿瘤）. The King’s College Hospital surgeons woke her up in the middle of the operation in order to ensure they did not damage parts of the brain necessary for playing the violin and keeping her hand’s functions intact.
Turner， 53， learned that she had a slow-growing tumor. Later doctors found that it had become more aggressive and the violinist decided to have surgery to remove it. “We knew how important the violin is to Turner， so it was vital that we preserved functions of the delicate areas of her brain that allowed her to play，” Keyoumars Ashkan， a doctor at King’s College Hospital， said in a press release.
Before Turner’s operation， Ashkan and his colleagues spent two hours carefully mapping her brain to identify areas that were active when she played the violin and those controlling language and movement. Waking her up during surgery then allowed doctors to monitor whether those parts were suffering damage.
Brad Mahon， expert at Carnegie Mellon University， said the basic features of an “awake craniotomy” — the type of brain surgery where patients are awake in order to avoid damage to critical brain areas — have remained largely unchanged for decades. But he said that doctors are now able to map the patient’s brain activity in great detail before the surgery using an imaging technique called functional MRI. That means surgeons go into the operating room with far more information about a specific patient’s brain. That kind of information helps doctors tailor surgical plans to a patient’s particular needs.
9.What does the underlined word “intact” in the first paragraph mean？
A.Strong. B.Undamaged.
C.Talented. D.Influential.
10.Why did Ashkan and his colleagues map Turner’s brain before the operation？
A.To keep her brain more active when she played the violin.
B.To monitor whether her brain had suffered severe damage.
C.To recognize the areas related to music and movement precisely.
D.To remove the tumor while keeping all functions of her brain.
11.What can we know according to Brad Mahon？
A.Doctors are using an imaging technique to monitor the surgery.
B.Patients are asleep to protect critical brain areas in an operation.
C.A patient’s language ability couldn’t be preserved before.
D.Surgeons can personalize a patient’s operation by mapping the patient’s brain.
12.What is the best title for the passage？
A.Musician Joined in Her Own Brain Surgery
B.Mapping a Brain Is Realized After Surgery
C.The Violinist Suffers From a Brain Tumor
D.Doctors Perform Surgery on a Brain
Ⅱ.完形填空
Ever since I can remember， it was always the dream of my parents to own a village shop. One spring， after my father lost his job， a window of 13 arrived. A small retail establishment （零售店） in the beautiful Wylye Valley was looking for a new 14 ， and soon my family moved there from London. My parents’ dream was finally realized.
From day one， the kind 15 — many of whom became lifelong friends — welcomed us to the village with warm handshakes and friendly smiles 16 formal introductions. There were thoughtfully 17 greeting cards and beautifully wrapped bunches of flowers given to my mother.
As I was soon to 18 ， our village shop was not only a business but a center of the local community； a place where 19 didn’t seem to have any importance； where customers stopped and chatted， telling you about their families and their daily lives； a far cry from the 20 world of urban living where people， it seemed， seldom passed the time of day.
We got to know our customers’ 21 for certain items， and managed to satisfy individual tastes. My father， forever 22 to his word， almost became 23 whenever he wasn’t able to meet a customer’s 24 for a particular product， and would phone around various wholesalers （批发商） to 25 it.
My parents never 26 the kindness the community showed all those years before and made it their priority （优先事项） when it came to 27 prizes for village functions （宴会） or charitable events.
13.A.fitness B.contribution
C.opportunity D.interest
14.A.customer B.product
C.house D.owner
15.A.audiences B.locals
C.relatives D.partners
16.A.replacing B.bringing
C.explaining D.limiting
17.A.analyzed B.preserved
C.marked D.worded
18.A.complain B.discover
C.decide D.reflect
19.A.fortune B.culture
C.time D.life
20.A.private B.imaginary
C.peaceful D.competitive
21.A.preferences B.designs
C.tips D.plans
22.A.creative B.fair
C.true D.patient
23.A.bored B.upset
C.curious D.excited
24.A.proposal B.test
C.standard D.order
25.A.locate B.prove
C.share D.exchange
26.A.stressed B.judged
C.forgot D.hid
27.A.selling B.donating
C.winning D.gathering
Ⅲ.语法填空
Water glasses， especially pure crystal （水晶） glasses， have a natural frequency at which they will vibrate （振动）. When you rub （摩擦） the edge of the glass， your finger will cause vibrations. When these vibrations match the natural frequency of the glass， the vibrations can increase to the point 28 you can hear a tone.
The particular tone will vary 29 （depend） upon many different factors， including the quality of the glass， its thickness， and how much， if any， water 30 （be） in the glass. In fact， different tones can 31 （produce） by putting different amounts of water into several different glasses.
Although you won’t find modern 32 （musician） playing a set of crystal glasses at a concert， using glasses for music-making was popular for a brief time long ago. People have been creating musical notes with glasses since the 1400s. In fact， sets of glasses made specifically 33 （play） music were popular in England in the early 1700s.
In the early 1760s， after seeing a performance on water glasses in London， Benjamin Franklin invented a mechanical version of a set of water glasses that he at first called the “glassychord”. He eventually changed 34 name to the armonica （玻璃琴）. His instrument 35 （become） popular in Europe， especially in Germany. Although its 36 （popular） didn’t last， the armonica did make an impression on both Mozart 37 Beethoven， who each wrote pieces for the armonica.
28. 29. 30.
31. 32. 33.
34. 35. 36.
37.
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
基础知识自测
维度一
1.to say 2.being punished 3.reciting 4.laughing
5.waiting 6.returning 7.repairing/to be repaired
8.accepting 9.getting 10.having talked
维度二
1.listening to 2.having time 3.my/me opening
4.Reading in the sun 5.missing a bus 6.Going to school
维度三
1.Understanding 2.giving 3.to design 4.creating
5.to put 6.making
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究调查的结果：由于人类制造的光线问题，越来越多的鸟类如知更鸟在晚上也会唱歌，这会损耗很多能量，极大地影响了鸟的健康。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，现代生活中的灯光使知更鸟频繁唱歌。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，鸟儿唱歌频繁，鸟儿的健康可能受到影响。
3.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知，乌鸦和海鸥情况也一样，也就是说这两种鸟晚上也唱歌。由此可推知，nocturnal指夜间活动的。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，它们的天敌都去了安静的地方。由此可推知，在这些工业区，天敌更少，也就是危险更少。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。妈妈以为自己发现了女儿的诗歌天赋，结果发现是自己误会了女儿的意思。
5.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的Finding both items on the kitchen table in front of me， she bent over and began writing.和第二段内容可推知，Nina到厨房找纸和笔是为了写一些东西给妈妈看。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的I settled on the following：“Nina is/Nina/the sweetest name/in the whole world.”可知，妈妈在读过Nina所写的“诗”后，以同样的方式写了一首诗回赠给Nina，以鼓励她的诗歌天赋。
7.B 细节理解题。根据第六段中Nina所说的What’s this， Mom？和Where’s the answer？可知，Nina询问了妈妈一个问题，而妈妈写的诗并没有回答她的问题，因此她皱起眉，表现出不高兴。
8.A 词义猜测题。根据上文内容可知，妈妈理解错了Nina的意思，没有就Nina的问题给出回答，而是写了一首诗，因此妈妈“感到很难为情”，于是尽量充满爱意地回答Nina的问题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一位音乐家在接受脑外科手术的过程中拉小提琴，医生为了确保手术不会损伤拉小提琴所必需的大脑功能区域，在手术中叫醒了这位音乐家。
9.B 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句可推知， keeping her hand’s functions intact表示“保持她的手部功能完好无损”。由此推知，画线词intact意为“完好无损的；完整的”，与undamaged的意思相近。
10.C 细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，Ashkan和他的同事绘制Turner的大脑图是为了准确识别与拉小提琴相关的活动区域及控制语言和运动的区域。
11.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的That means surgeons go into the operating room ...to a patient’s particular needs.可知，医生能通过绘制病人的脑部活动图为病人制订个性化的手术方案。
12.A 标题归纳题。综观全文可知，本文主要介绍了一位音乐家在脑外科手术的过程中拉小提琴，目的是确保手术不会损伤拉小提琴所必需的大脑活动区域。所以A项（音乐家参与了她自己的脑部手术）为本文最佳标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者家的乡村商店成了当地的社区中心。
13.C 根据下文My parents’ dream was finally realized.可知，行事的良机到来。
14.D 根据上文可知，作者的父母一直梦想着开一家乡村商店，从父亲失业到全家从伦敦搬到怀利谷，再到他父母的梦想最终实现这些情节推断，他家开商店的机会来了，因为一家小型的零售店在转让，寻找新店主。
15.B 根据第一段中的own a village shop和soon my family moved there from London可知，作者家搬到了怀利谷接手了这家乡村商店。由此推断，善良的当地人热情欢迎他们一家。
16.A 本句描写了村民们的热情朴实。上文中的warm handshakes and friendly smiles和空后的formal introductions形成对比，热情的握手和友好的微笑代替了正式的介绍。
17.D 根据下文beautifully wrapped bunches of flowers可知，村民们还送来了包装精美的一束束鲜花。由此可推断，问候卡应该也是经过精心措辞的。worded以（某种）措辞表达的。
18.B 本段讲述了接手这家商店不久后作者的发现。
19.C 根据下文customers stopped and chatted， telling you about their families and their daily lives可知，村民来作者家的商店聊家常，这说明他们很悠闲，在这里时间似乎并不重要。
20.D 根据语境可知，作者比较了这里的生活和城市生活。城市生活中人们很少消磨时间，而这里生活悠闲，与城市充满竞争的生活大不相同。a far cry from ...和……相去甚远，与……大相径庭；pass the time of day寒暄，打招呼，闲谈一会儿。
21.A 根据下文中的managed to satisfy individual tastes可知，商店设法满足了顾客的喜好，这说明作者一家逐步了解顾客对某些物品的偏好，且作者的父亲永远说到做到。
22.C 参见上题解析。true to one’s word信守诺言。
23.B 根据下文中的whenever he wasn’t able to meet a customer’s 24 for a particular product和would phone around various wholesalers可知，当作者的父亲不能完成顾客的订单时他会很苦恼，他给各个批发商打电话，为的是找到某个东西，以完成顾客的订单。
24.D 参见上题解析。
25.A 参见第23题解析。
26.C 根据下文中的made it their priority可知，作者的父母永远不会忘记乡村社区那些年前的善意（指他们刚搬来时受到村民的热情欢迎），每当为乡村宴会或者慈善活动捐赠奖品的时候，作者的父母都会把这件事当作头等大事来办。
27.B 参见上题解析。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了用水杯演奏音乐的相关历史。
28.where 考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰抽象名词point （表示某种程度），且在从句中作状语，故填where。
29.depending 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，设空处作状语，且The particular tone与depend之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填depending。
30.is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，且主语是water，谓语应用第三人称单数形式，故填is。
31.be produced 考查被动语态。主语tones与动词produce之间是被动关系，空处用被动语态，又因空前有情态动词can，故填be produced。
32.musicians 考查名词复数。musician意为“音乐家”，是可数名词，设空处表示泛指，且其前无冠词修饰限定，故填其复数形式musicians。
33.to play 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，设空处作目的状语，指杯子套件是专门用来演奏音乐的，应用动词不定式，故填to play。
34.the 考查冠词。设空处特指上文中的glassychord这个名字，故填定冠词the。
35.became 考查动词的时态。根据下文中的Although its ...didn’t last可知，Benjamin Franklin发明的玻璃琴这个乐器曾经在欧洲地区很受欢迎，尤其是德国。设空处描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，故填became。
36.popularity 考查名词。根据语境及空前的its可知，设空处应用名词，且表示“受欢迎”，故填popularity。
37.and 考查连词。both ...and ...……和……都。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
动词-ing形式作主语和宾语
1.①Playing the qin was his life.
2.He played so well that everyone enjoyed ②listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques.
3. Boya did not say anything before ③playing the qin， yet Zhong Ziqi was able to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind.
4.When Boya continued ④playing， Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly.
5.⑤Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya， who never got tired of ⑥sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.
6.The two soon became great friends and before ⑦going their separate ways， they agreed to meet at the Mid-Autumn Festival the next year.
7.After he finished ⑧playing the piece， he destroyed the qin and said，“Since the only person that understands my music is gone， it’s no use ⑨keeping the qin.”
【我的发现】
（1）以上句子中的加黑部分动词-ing形式作主语的有 ；作动词（短语）宾语的有 ；作介词宾语的有 。
（2）当动词-ing形式在句子中作主语时，有时可以用形式主语 来代替动词-ing形式放在句首，把真正的主语放在后面。
动词-ing形式包括了传统语法中所说的动名词和现在分词。动词-ing形式仍保留有动词的许多特征，可以有自己的逻辑主语、宾语和状语。同时动词-ing形式又具有名词、形容词、副词的特性，可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语等成分。本单元我们学习动词-ing形式作主语和宾语。
一、动词-ing形式作主语
1.动词-ing形式作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。谓语动词多用单数形式。
Reading aloud is a good way of learning languages.
大声朗读是学习语言的一个好办法。
Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.
不给予足够的赞扬和给予太多（赞扬）一样有害。
Being praised by his teachers made him regain the confidence.
被老师表扬使他重获自信。
【点津】 意义不同的两个动词-ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。
Painting and collecting stamps are his hobbies.
画画和收集邮票是他的爱好。
2.形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语。
（1）It is a waste of time doing sth
做某事是浪费时间
（2）It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth
做某事没用的/值得的
（3）It’s no good/use/fun doing sth
做某事没好处/没用/没意思
It is a waste of time doing it.
做这件事是浪费时间。
It is worthwhile making the experiment.
做这个实验是值得的。
It is no use learning without practice.
只学习而不实践是没用的。
3.动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语时的两种形式：
（1）形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing形式；
（2）名词（有生命的名词）’s＋动词-ing形式。
Their failing in the examination made them all very disappointed.
考试失败使他们都很失望。
【即时演练1】 完成句子
① is the most popular way to learn English beyond the classroom.
听英语歌曲是最普遍的课外英语学习方式。
②Since then， has been his life goal.
从那时起，寻找种植更多水稻的方法一直是他的人生目标。
③ talking to the young man.
和那个年轻人谈话是浪费时间。
④It’s no .You’d better give it up.
吸烟不好。你最好戒烟。
⑤ made everyone present happy.
玛丽的及时到来让在场的每个人都很高兴。
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
动词-ing形式作宾语时，可位于动词之后，也可位于介词之后，具体用法如下：
1.常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词（短语）
appreciate（欣赏）、 consider（考虑）、 delay（推迟）、 avoid（避免）、 finish（完成）、 imagine（想象）、 miss（错过）、 mean（意味着）、 resist（抗拒）、 risk（冒险）、 suggest（建议）、 mind（介意）、 escape（避开）、 admit（承认）、 allow（允许）、 give up（放弃）、 insist on（坚决要求）、 feel like（想要）、 be used to（习惯于）、 lead to（导致）、 look forward to（期待，盼望）等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做这件事。
I have never dreamed of visiting that place.
我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。
Do you mind passing me that dictionary？
你介意把那本词典递给我吗？
I have been looking forward to hearing from you.
我一直盼望着收到你的来信。
【助记】 以口诀记忆接动词-ing形式作宾语的及物动词（短语）：
建议考虑坚持练（suggest、 advise、 consider、 insist on、 practise）
允许想象弃冒险（permit、 allow、 imagine、 give up、 risk）
阻止抵抗否逃脱（prevent、 resist、 deny、 escape）
不禁介意保持完（can’t help、 mind、 keep、 finish）
耽误推迟求原谅（delay、 put off、 require、 forgive、 excuse）
承认错过欣喜欢（admit、 miss、 appreciate、 enjoy）
2.作介词的宾语
动词-ing形式位于介词之后，构成介词短语，在句中作定语或状语。
These measures have created conditions for raising the output of steel.
这些措施为提高钢的产量创造了条件。
After looking at his watch， he hurried to the station.
看了看表后，他匆忙赶往火车站。
He would never think of giving up this project.
他是绝不会考虑放弃这个计划的。
3.有些动词（短语）既可接动词-ing形式又可接动词不定式作宾语，后接动词-ing形式和接动词不定式作宾语时意义差别很大。
（1）remember doing sth记得曾经做过某事
remember to do sth 记住去做某事
（2）forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
forget to do sth 忘记去做某事
（3）stop doing sth 停止正做的事
stop to do sth 停下来做另外一件事（此处动词不定式作状语）
（4）mean doing sth 意味着做某事
mean to do sth 打算做某事
（5）regret doing sth 后悔做过某事
regret to do sth 遗憾去做某事
（6）try doing sth 试着做某事
try to do sth 努力做某事
（7）go on doing sth 继续做同一件事
go on to do sth 完成一件事，接着做另一件事
The doctor tried to cure the woman of her illness， so he tried treating her with new medicine.
这名医生尽力为这位女士治病，因此他试着用一种新药为她治疗。
4.在need、 want、 require等动词后接动词-ing形式，即用主动形式表示被动意义。
need/want/require doing＝need/want/require to be done。
The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.
这扇窗子需要擦洗。
5.动词-ing形式的复合结构作宾语时的四种形式：
（1）形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing形式；
（2）名词（有生命的名词）’s＋动词-ing形式；
（3）代词宾格＋动词-ing形式；
（4）名词＋动词-ing形式。
Forgive my/me interrupting you.
打扰了，请原谅。
I knew nothing about the window being open.
我一点也不知道窗子是开着的。
【即时演练2】 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①Did Jack admit （take） some books without telling anybody？
②It is difficult to imagine his （accept） the decision without any consideration.
③She didn’t feel like （work）， so he suggested （spend） the day in the garden.
④In addition to world hunger， some environmental problems need （solve） soon.
⑤I regret （tell） you that Tom regretted （make） friends with you.
⑥I remembered my mother （take） me to the seaside when I was a child. We forgot （take） a towel and I felt very cold.
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
get down to （doing） sth开始做某事，开始认真注意（或对待）某事
【教材原句】 A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing suitable music.
一群科学家和艺术家开始着手挑选合适的音乐。
【用法】
get around/round 四处走动，到处旅行；（消息等）传开
get away from 从……脱离；逃脱
get away with 被放过；（做坏事）不受惩罚；携某物潜逃
get along/on/with 进展；与……相处
get about 走动；到处旅行；（谣言）传开
get over 爬过；越过；克服；痊愈；淡
忘；了解，传达
get through 通过（考试）；完成；用光；联
络到
【佳句】 He got his coffee， came back and got down to listening.
他喝了咖啡，回来专心听。
【练透】 用get的相关短语填空
①The policeman can’t have the thief stealing people’s money.
②I don’t know how we are going to these difficulties.
③I tried phoning her office， but I couldn’t .
④Many people like all over the world.
【写美】 完成句子
⑤Anyway， we’re here now， so let’s .
不管怎样，我们现在在这儿，因此让我们着手处理一些重要的工作吧。
suitable adj.合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的
【教材原句】 A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing suitable music.
一群科学家和艺术家开始着手挑选合适的音乐。
【用法】
（1）suitable for 对……适合的
suitable to do sth 适合做某事
（2）suit vt. 满足（某人）需要；相配；合身
n. 西服，西装；套装
suit one’s needs 适合某人的需要
suit oneself 随自己的意愿；自便
a suit of 一套
suit ...to ... 使……适合……
suit sb/sth 适合某人/某物
【佳句】 The school should create an environment that is suitable for the students to study.
学校应创造一个适合学生学习的环境。
【练透】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We all think this is a （suit） place for a picnic.
②We need to find someone suitable （replace） Mary.
③Firstly， because I’m good at spoken English，I think I .
首先，因为我擅长英语口语，我认为我适合这项工作。
【写美】 一句多译
④要找个对每个人都合适的时间很困难。
→It’s difficult to find a time . （suit）
→It’s difficult to find a time . （suitable）
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：have trouble （in） doing sth做某事有困难
【教材原句】 Of course， they had trouble selecting which pieces of music to include.
当然，他们在选择曲目时遇到了困难。
【用法】
（1）have trouble/difficulty （in） doing sth 做某事有困难
have trouble/difficulty with sth
在某方面有困难
have no trouble/difficulty （in） doing sth
毫不费力地做某事
There’s trouble/difficulty with sth＝There’s trouble/difficulty （in） doing sth
做某事有困难
（2）get （sb） into trouble 使（某人）陷入困境；使（某人）遇到麻烦
in trouble 处于困境中
【品悟】 The guide leading the way， we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
①When I went to a new place， I the life there.
当我去一个新地方时，我很难适应那里的生活。
②Whenever I my English study，Mr Liu is the one that I will turn to first.
无论我的英语学习有什么困难，我都会首先求助刘先生。
③I had great difficulty in finding your house.You can’t imagine the great difficulty.
→You can’t imagine the great difficulty . （定语从句）
→You can’t imagine . （what引导的宾语从句）
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）①⑤⑨ ②④⑥⑧ ③⑦ （2）it
即时演练1
①Listening to English songs ②finding ways to grow more rice ③It is a waste of time ④good smoking
⑤Mary’s coming here in time
即时演练2
①having taken ②accepting ③working； spending
④solving/to be solved ⑤to tell； making ⑥taking； to take
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①getting away with ②get over ③get through
④getting around/round ⑤get down to some serious work
2.①suitable ②to replace ③am suitable for this job
④that suits everybody； that is suitable for everybody
Part Ⅱ
①had trouble/difficulty （in） getting used to
②have trouble/difficulty with ③I had finding your house； what great difficulty I had finding your house
7 / 7(共97张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
目 录
1
重难语法·要攻克
2
核心知识·巧突破
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
动词-ing形式作主语和宾语
1. ①Playing the qin was his life.
2. He played so well that everyone enjoyed ②listening to his music and
thought highly of his techniques.
3. Boya did not say anything before ③playing the qin， yet Zhong Ziqi
was able to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind.
4. When Boya continued ④playing， Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the
sound of a river flowing quickly.
5. ⑤Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya，
who never got tired of ⑥sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.
6. The two soon became great friends and before ⑦going their separate
ways， they agreed to meet at the Mid-Autumn Festival the next year.
7. After he finished ⑧playing the piece， he destroyed the qin and said，
“Since the only person that understands my music is gone， it’s no use
⑨keeping the qin.”
【我的发现】
（1）以上句子中的加蓝部分动词-ing形式作主语的有 ；作
动词（短语）宾语的有 ；作介词宾语的有 。
（2）当动词-ing形式在句子中作主语时，有时可以用形式主语
来代替动词-ing形式放在句首，把真正的主语放在后面。
①⑤⑨
②④⑥⑧
③⑦
it
动词-ing形式包括了传统语法中所说的动名词和现在分词。动词-
ing形式仍保留有动词的许多特征，可以有自己的逻辑主语、宾语和状
语。同时动词-ing形式又具有名词、形容词、副词的特性，可以在句
中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语等成分。本单元
我们学习动词-ing形式作主语和宾语。
一、动词-ing形式作主语
1. 动词-ing形式作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于
句首。谓语动词多用单数形式。
Reading aloud is a good way of learning languages.
大声朗读是学习语言的一个好办法。
Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.
不给予足够的赞扬和给予太多（赞扬）一样有害。
Being praised by his teachers made him regain the confidence.
被老师表扬使他重获自信。
【点津】 意义不同的两个动词-ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词
需用复数形式。
Painting and collecting stamps are his hobbies.
画画和收集邮票是他的爱好。
2. 形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语。
（1）It is a waste of time doing sth
做某事是浪费时间
（2）It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth
做某事没用的/值得的
（3）It’s no good/use/fun doing sth
做某事没好处/没用/没意思
It is a waste of time doing it.
做这件事是浪费时间。
It is worthwhile making the experiment.
做这个实验是值得的。
It is no use learning without practice.
只学习而不实践是没用的。
3. 动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语时的两种形式：
（1）形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing形式；
（2）名词（有生命的名词）’s＋动词-ing形式。
Their failing in the examination made them all very
disappointed.
考试失败使他们都很失望。
【即时演练1】 完成句子
① is the most popular way to learn English
beyond the classroom.
听英语歌曲是最普遍的课外英语学习方式。
②Since then， has been his life goal.
从那时起，寻找种植更多水稻的方法一直是他的人生目标。
③ talking to the young man.
和那个年轻人谈话是浪费时间。
Listening to English songs
finding ways to grow more rice
It is a waste of time
④It’s no .You’d better give it up.
吸烟不好。你最好戒烟。
⑤ made everyone present happy.
玛丽的及时到来让在场的每个人都很高兴。
good smoking
Mary’s coming here in time
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
动词-ing形式作宾语时，可位于动词之后，也可位于介词之后，
具体用法如下：
1. 常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词（短语）
appreciate（欣赏）、 consider（考虑）、 delay（推迟）、 avoid
（避免）、 finish（完成）、 imagine（想象）、 miss（错过）、
mean（意味着）、 resist（抗拒）、 risk（冒险）、 suggest（建
议）、 mind（介意）、 escape（避开）、 admit（承认）、 allow
（允许）、 give up（放弃）、 insist on（坚决要求）、 feel like
（想要）、 be used to（习惯于）、 lead to（导致）、 look forward
to（期待，盼望）等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做这件事。
I have never dreamed of visiting that place.
我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。
Do you mind passing me that dictionary？
你介意把那本词典递给我吗？
I have been looking forward to hearing from you.
我一直盼望着收到你的来信。
【助记】 以口诀记忆接动词-ing形式作宾语的及物动词（短语）：
建议考虑坚持练（suggest、 advise、 consider、 insist on、 practise）
允许想象弃冒险（permit、 allow、 imagine、 give up、 risk）
阻止抵抗否逃脱（prevent、 resist、 deny、 escape）
不禁介意保持完（can’t help、 mind、 keep、 finish）
耽误推迟求原谅（delay、 put off、 require、 forgive、 excuse）
承认错过欣喜欢（admit、 miss、 appreciate、 enjoy）
2. 作介词的宾语
动词-ing形式位于介词之后，构成介词短语，在句中作定语或状语。
These measures have created conditions for raising the output of steel.
这些措施为提高钢的产量创造了条件。
After looking at his watch， he hurried to the station.
看了看表后，他匆忙赶往火车站。
He would never think of giving up this project.
他是绝不会考虑放弃这个计划的。
3. 有些动词（短语）既可接动词-ing形式又可接动词不定式作宾语，后接动词-ing形式和接动词不定式作宾语时意义差别很大。
（1）remember doing sth记得曾经做过某事
remember to do sth 记住去做某事
（2）forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
forget to do sth 忘记去做某事
（3）stop doing sth 停止正做的事
stop to do sth 停下来做另外一件事（此处动词不
定式作状语）
（4）mean doing sth 意味着做某事
mean to do sth 打算做某事
（5）regret doing sth 后悔做过某事
regret to do sth 遗憾去做某事
（6）try doing sth 试着做某事
try to do sth 努力做某事
（7）go on doing sth 继续做同一件事
go on to do sth 完成一件事，接着做另一件事
The doctor tried to cure the woman of her illness， so he tried treating her with new medicine.
这名医生尽力为这位女士治病，因此他试着用一种新药为她治疗。
4. 在need、 want、 require等动词后接动词-ing形式，即用主动形式表
示被动意义。
need/want/require doing＝need/want/require to be done。
The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.
这扇窗子需要擦洗。
5. 动词-ing形式的复合结构作宾语时的四种形式：
（1）形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing形式；
（2）名词（有生命的名词）’s＋动词-ing形式；
（3）代词宾格＋动词-ing形式；
（4）名词＋动词-ing形式。
Forgive my/me interrupting you.
打扰了，请原谅。
I knew nothing about the window being open.
我一点也不知道窗子是开着的。
【即时演练2】 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①Did Jack admit （take） some books without telling
anybody？
②It is difficult to imagine his （accept） the decision
without any consideration.
③She didn’t feel like （work）， so he
suggested （spend） the day in the garden.
④In addition to world hunger， some environmental problems
need （solve） soon.
having taken
accepting
working
spending
solving/to be solved
⑤I regret （tell） you that Tom regretted
（make） friends with you.
⑥I remembered my mother （take） me to the seaside when I
was a child. We forgot （take） a towel and I felt very cold.
to tell
making
taking
to take
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
2
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
get down to （doing） sth开始做某事，开始认真注意（或对待）
某事
【教材原句】 A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing
suitable music.
一群科学家和艺术家开始着手挑选合适的音乐。
get around/round 四处走动，到处旅行；（消息等）传开
get away from 从……脱离；逃脱
get away with 被放过；（做坏事）不受惩罚；携某物潜逃
get along/on/with 进展；与……相处
get about 走动；到处旅行；（谣言）传开
get over 爬过；越过；克服；痊愈；淡忘；了解，传达
get through 通过（考试）；完成；用光；联络到
【用法】
【佳句】 He got his coffee， came back and got down to listening.
他喝了咖啡，回来专心听。
【练透】 用get的相关短语填空
①The policeman can’t have the thief stealing
people’s money.
②I don’t know how we are going to these difficulties.
③I tried phoning her office， but I couldn’t .
④Many people like all over the world.
getting away with
get over
get through
getting around/round
【写美】 完成句子
⑤Anyway， we’re here now， so let’s
.
不管怎样，我们现在在这儿，因此让我们着手处理一些重要的工
作吧。
get down to some serious
work
suitable adj.合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的
【教材原句】 A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing
suitable music.
一群科学家和艺术家开始着手挑选合适的音乐。
（1）suitable for 对……适合的
suitable to do sth 适合做某事
（2）suit vt. 满足（某人）需要；相配；合身
n. 西服，西装；套装
suit one’s needs 适合某人的需要
suit oneself 随自己的意愿；自便
a suit of 一套
suit ...to ... 使……适合……
suit sb/sth 适合某人/某物
【用法】
【佳句】 The school should create an environment that is suitable for
the students to study.
学校应创造一个适合学生学习的环境。
【练透】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We all think this is a （suit） place for a picnic.
②We need to find someone suitable （replace） Mary.
③Firstly， because I’m good at spoken English，I think I
.
首先，因为我擅长英语口语，我认为我适合这项工作。
suitable
to replace
am suitable
for this job
【写美】 一句多译
④要找个对每个人都合适的时间很困难。
→It’s difficult to find a time . （suit）
→It’s difficult to find a time .
（suitable）
that suits everybody
that is suitable for everybody
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：have trouble （in） doing sth做某事有困难
【教材原句】 Of course， they had trouble selecting which pieces of
music to include.
当然，他们在选择曲目时遇到了困难。
（1）have trouble/difficulty （in） doing sth 做某事有困难
have trouble/difficulty with sth 在某方面有困难
have no trouble/difficulty （in） doing sth 毫不费力地做某事
There’s trouble/difficulty with sth＝There’s trouble/difficulty （in）
doing sth 做某事有困难
（2）get （sb） into trouble 使（某人）陷入困境；使（某人）遇到
麻烦
in trouble 处于困境中
【用法】
【品悟】 The guide leading the way， we had no trouble getting out
of the forest.
向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
①When I went to a new place， I
the life there.
当我去一个新地方时，我很难适应那里的生活。
had trouble/difficulty （in） getting
used to
②Whenever I my English study，Mr Liu is
the one that I will turn to first.
无论我的英语学习有什么困难，我都会首先求助刘先生。
③I had great difficulty in finding your house.You can’t imagine the great
difficulty.
→You can’t imagine the great difficulty .
（定语从句）
→You can’t imagine .
（what引导的宾语从句）
have trouble/difficulty with
I had finding your house
what great difficulty I had finding your house
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. When he saw me， he stopped （say） hello to me.
2. The two students who had broken the school rules were lucky enough to
escape （punish）.
3. It is considered no good （recite） without understanding.
to say
being punished
reciting
4. We couldn’t help （laugh） after we heard his funny
story.
5. Why did you keep me （wait） here for so long a time？
6. I remembered （return） the book to you；you must
have lost it.
7. As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area
needed （repair）.
8. It is difficult to imagine his （accept） the decision
without any consideration.
laughing
waiting
returning
repairing/to be repaired
accepting
9. If you think that treating a woman well means always
（get） her permission for things， think again.
10. Later she scolded her daughter for （talk） to her
father like that.
getting
having talked
维度二：语法与写作
用动词-ing形式完成下列句子。
1. Thank you for my speech.
谢谢你来听我的演讲。
2. I really appreciate to relax with you on this nice island.
我真的很感激能有时间和你在这个美丽的岛上放松。
3. Would you mind the door？
你介意我打开门吗？
4. is bad for your eyes.
在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。
listening to
having time
my/me opening
Reading in the sun
5. In some parts of London， means waiting for another
hour.
在伦敦的一些地区，错过一辆公共汽车意味着要再等一个小时。
6. by bus usually takes me 10 minutes.
乘公共汽车上学通常要花费我10分钟的时间。
missing a bus
Going to school
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
Making a web page takes some time and practice， but it is not too
difficult.1. （understand） the procedure is the
key.First you need to find a host， which is a computer company
2. （give） you space on the Internet for your web page.Some
companies， such as Yahoo， sell cheap web space to people.
Understanding
giving
Then you can start 3. （design） your website.One of
the most common languages used for 4. （create） web pages
is called HTML. This is simply a set of tags telling the computer how
5. （put） words and pictures on a web page.Once you’ve
created your web page， you can save it as an HTML document and view
it in your web browser.Do not worry about 6. （make） a
mistake.If your page looks wrong， simply find the mistake and correct it.
to design
creating
to put
making
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
“Their cheery song brightens many a winter’s day. But robins are in
danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing
all night — as well as during the day，” British-based researchers say.
David Dominoni， of Glasgow University， said that light from
street lamps， takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds’ biological
clocks， leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.
Dr Dominoni， who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track
sleeping patterns， said lack of sleep could put the birds’ health at risk. His
study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab，it
leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more
birds are exposed to light， the more active they are at night.
He told people at a conference， “There have been a couple of
studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during
the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes
energy. So by increasing their song output， there might be some costs of
energy.”
And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.
Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni
said， “In Glasgow where I live， gulls are a serious problem. I have
people coming to me saying ‘You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill
these gulls？’ During the breeding （繁殖） season， between April
and June， they are very active at night and very noisy and people can’t
sleep.”
Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution， other
research concludes that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at
night to make themselves heard over loud noise.
However， some birds thrive （兴旺） in noisy environments. A
study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in
areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are
capitalising on their predators （天敌） fleeing to quieter areas.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究调查的结
果：由于人类制造的光线问题，越来越多的鸟类如知更鸟在晚上也
会唱歌，这会损耗很多能量，极大地影响了鸟的健康。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究调查的结
果：由于人类制造的光线问题，越来越多的鸟类如知更鸟在晚上也
会唱歌，这会损耗很多能量，极大地影响了鸟的健康。
1. According to Dr Dominoni’s study， what causes robins to sing so
much？
A. The breeding season.
B. The light in modern life.
C. The dangerous environment.
D. The noise from heavy machinery.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，现代生活中的灯光
使知更鸟频繁唱歌。
2. What is the researchers’ concern over the increase of birds’ song
output？
A. The environment might be polluted.
B. The birds’ health might be damaged.
C. The industry cost might be increased.
D. The people’s hearing might be affected.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，鸟儿唱歌频
繁，鸟儿的健康可能受到影响。
3. What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？
A. Active at night.
B. Inactive at night.
C. Active during the day.
D. Inactive during the day.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知，乌鸦和海鸥情况也
一样，也就是说这两种鸟晚上也唱歌。由此可推知，nocturnal指夜
间活动的。
4. Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments？
A. Because there are fewer dangers.
B. Because there is more food to eat.
C. Because there is less light pollution.
D. Because there are more places to take shelter.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，它们的天敌
都去了安静的地方。由此可推知，在这些工业区，天敌更少，也就
是危险更少。
B
One Saturday morning， when I was in the kitchen drinking coffee
and reading the newspaper， my 6-year-old daughter， Nina， came in
hunting for a pen and paper. Finding both items on the kitchen table in
front of me， she bent over and began writing. She looked up at me
once， meaning for me to notice her. Meanwhile， I wondered what she
could be writing.
Then， as quickly as she had begun， she finished. She pushed the
pad of paper （便签本） back in my direction， and jumped out of the
kitchen.
I pulled the notepad towards me， and read the note. I read it again，
and then again， so there could be no mistake. Nina had written a beautiful
poem about me！ “Mom is a/Golden Delicious/the softest apple/in the
world.”
I sat still for several minutes， holding the notepad in midair. Nina
loved me and had found her poetic voice to tell me so. But first， I had
work to do. Surely her poetic talent had to be encouraged. After several
gulps （几大口） of coffee， I settled on the following：“Nina
is/Nina/the sweetest name/in the whole world.”
Calling her back into the kitchen， I pushed the notepad towards her
and smiled shyly.
“What’s this， Mom？” she frowned （皱眉）， handing the
notepad back to me. “Where’s the answer？”
Thoughts ran through my head as I took the paper back and studied
the poem again. Eventually， I found it， the missing punctuation （标点
符号）. Mentally adding a comma （逗号） after “Mom”， and a
question mark to the end， I understood. Despite the hard reality of the
situation staring me in the face， I insisted that her words were a poem.
Eating crow， I tried to answer her question as lovingly as I could，
“I don’t know， Nina. I hadn’t thought of it that way before. Do you
think Golden Delicious are the softest apples in the world？”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。妈妈以为自己发现了女儿的诗歌天
赋，结果发现是自己误会了女儿的意思。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。妈妈以为自己发现了女儿的诗歌天
赋，结果发现是自己误会了女儿的意思。
5. For what purpose did Nina look for a pen and paper？
A. To play a game.
B. To write a message.
C. To draw a picture of Mom.
D. To note down Mom’s name.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的Finding both items on the
kitchen table in front of me， she bent over and began writing.和第二段
内容可推知，Nina到厨房找纸和笔是为了写一些东西给妈妈看。
6. What did Mom do immediately after she read the note？
A. She corrected the language mistakes in it.
B. She called Nina back into the kitchen.
C. She made herself a cup of coffee.
D. She wrote a poem in return.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的I settled on the following：
“Nina is/Nina/the sweetest name/in the whole world.”可知，妈妈在
读过Nina所写的“诗”后，以同样的方式写了一首诗回赠给Nina，
以鼓励她的诗歌天赋。
7. Why did Nina show displeasure？
A. She couldn’t punctuate correctly.
B. She didn’t get the answer she wanted.
C. She couldn’t understand Mom’s words.
D. She didn’t want to use a notepad to write.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第六段中Nina所说的What’s this，
Mom？和Where’s the answer？可知，Nina询问了妈妈一个问题，而
妈妈写的诗并没有回答她的问题，因此她皱起眉，表现出不高兴。
8. What might the underlined words “Eating crow” in the last paragraph
mean？
A. Being shamed. B. Getting worried.
C. Looking hopeful. D. Feeling confident.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据上文内容可知，妈妈理解错了Nina的
意思，没有就Nina的问题给出回答，而是写了一首诗，因此妈妈
“感到很难为情”，于是尽量充满爱意地回答Nina的问题。
C
As doctors performed surgery on Dagmar Turner’s brain， the sound
of a violin filled the operating room. The music came from the patient on
the operating table. In a video from the surgery， the violinist was moving
her bow （琴弓） up and down as surgeons worked to remove her brain
tumor （肿瘤）. The King’s College Hospital surgeons woke her up in the
middle of the operation in order to ensure they did not damage parts of the
brain necessary for playing the violin and keeping her hand’s
functions .
intact
Turner， 53， learned that she had a slow-growing tumor. Later
doctors found that it had become more aggressive and the violinist decided
to have surgery to remove it. “We knew how important the violin is to
Turner， so it was vital that we preserved functions of the delicate areas of
her brain that allowed her to play，” Keyoumars Ashkan， a doctor at
King’s College Hospital， said in a press release.
Before Turner’s operation， Ashkan and his colleagues spent two
hours carefully mapping her brain to identify areas that were active when
she played the violin and those controlling language and movement.
Waking her up during surgery then allowed doctors to monitor whether
those parts were suffering damage.
Brad Mahon， expert at Carnegie Mellon University， said the basic
features of an “awake craniotomy” — the type of brain surgery where
patients are awake in order to avoid damage to critical brain areas — have
remained largely unchanged for decades. But he said that doctors are now
able to map the patient’s brain activity in great detail before the surgery
using an imaging technique called functional MRI. That means surgeons go
into the operating room with far more information about a specific patient’s
brain. That kind of information helps doctors tailor surgical plans to a
patient’s particular needs.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一位音乐家在接受脑外
科手术的过程中拉小提琴，医生为了确保手术不会损伤拉小提琴所
必需的大脑功能区域，在手术中叫醒了这位音乐家。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一位音乐家在接受脑外
科手术的过程中拉小提琴，医生为了确保手术不会损伤拉小提琴所
必需的大脑功能区域，在手术中叫醒了这位音乐家。
9. What does the underlined word “intact” in the first paragraph mean？
A. Strong. B. Undamaged.
C. Talented. D. Influential.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句可推知， keeping her
hand’s functions intact表示“保持她的手部功能完好无损”。由此推
知，画线词intact意为“完好无损的；完整的”，与undamaged的意
思相近。
10. Why did Ashkan and his colleagues map Turner’s brain before the
operation？
A. To keep her brain more active when she played the violin.
B. To monitor whether her brain had suffered severe damage.
C. To recognize the areas related to music and movement precisely.
D. To remove the tumor while keeping all functions of her brain.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，Ashkan和他的同事
绘制Turner的大脑图是为了准确识别与拉小提琴相关的活动区域及
控制语言和运动的区域。
11. What can we know according to Brad Mahon？
A. Doctors are using an imaging technique to monitor the surgery.
B. Patients are asleep to protect critical brain areas in an operation.
C. A patient’s language ability couldn’t be preserved before.
D. Surgeons can personalize a patient’s operation by mapping the patient’s
brain.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的That means surgeons go
into the operating room ...to a patient’s particular needs.可知，医生能
通过绘制病人的脑部活动图为病人制订个性化的手术方案。
12. What is the best title for the passage？
A. Musician Joined in Her Own Brain Surgery
B. Mapping a Brain Is Realized After Surgery
C. The Violinist Suffers From a Brain Tumor
D. Doctors Perform Surgery on a Brain
解析： 标题归纳题。综观全文可知，本文主要介绍了一位音乐
家在脑外科手术的过程中拉小提琴，目的是确保手术不会损伤拉
小提琴所必需的大脑活动区域。所以A项（音乐家参与了她自己的
脑部手术）为本文最佳标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Ever since I can remember， it was always the dream of my parents
to own a village shop. One spring， after my father lost his job， a
window of 13 arrived. A small retail establishment （零售店） in the
beautiful Wylye Valley was looking for a new 14 ， and soon my
family moved there from London. My parents’ dream was finally realized.
From day one， the kind 15 — many of whom became lifelong
friends — welcomed us to the village with warm handshakes and friendly
smiles 16 formal introductions. There were thoughtfully 17
greeting cards and beautifully wrapped bunches of flowers given to my
mother.
As I was soon to 18 ， our village shop was not only a business
but a center of the local community； a place where 19 didn’t seem to
have any importance； where customers stopped and chatted， telling you
about their families and their daily lives； a far cry from the 20 world
of urban living where people， it seemed， seldom passed the time of day.
We got to know our customers’ 21 for certain items， and
managed to satisfy individual tastes. My father， forever 22 to his
word， almost became 23 whenever he wasn’t able to meet a
customer’s 24 for a particular product， and would phone around
various wholesalers （批发商） to 25 it.
My parents never 26 the kindness the community showed all
those years before and made it their priority （优先事项） when it came
to 27 prizes for village functions （宴会） or charitable events.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者家的乡村商店成了当地的社区
中心。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者家的乡村商店成了当地的社区
中心。
13. A. fitness B. contribution
C. opportunity D. interest
解析： 根据下文My parents’ dream was finally realized.可知，行
事的良机到来。
14. A. customer B. product
C. house D. owner
解析： 根据上文可知，作者的父母一直梦想着开一家乡村商
店，从父亲失业到全家从伦敦搬到怀利谷，再到他父母的梦想最
终实现这些情节推断，他家开商店的机会来了，因为一家小型的
零售店在转让，寻找新店主。
15. A. audiences B. locals
C. relatives D. partners
解析： 根据第一段中的own a village shop和soon my family
moved there from London可知，作者家搬到了怀利谷接手了这家乡
村商店。由此推断，善良的当地人热情欢迎他们一家。
16. A. replacing B. bringing
C. explaining D. limiting
解析： 本句描写了村民们的热情朴实。上文中的warm
handshakes and friendly smiles和空后的formal introductions形成对
比，热情的握手和友好的微笑代替了正式的介绍。
17. A. analyzed B. preserved
C. marked D. worded
解析： 根据下文beautifully wrapped bunches of flowers可知，村
民们还送来了包装精美的一束束鲜花。由此可推断，问候卡应该
也是经过精心措辞的。worded以（某种）措辞表达的。
18. A. complain B. discover
C. decide D. reflect
解析： 本段讲述了接手这家商店不久后作者的发现。
19. A. fortune B. culture C. time D. life
解析： 根据下文customers stopped and chatted， telling you
about their families and their daily lives可知，村民来作者家的商店
聊家常，这说明他们很悠闲，在这里时间似乎并不重要。
20. A. private B. imaginary
C. peaceful D. competitive
解析： 根据语境可知，作者比较了这里的生活和城市生活。城
市生活中人们很少消磨时间，而这里生活悠闲，与城市充满竞争
的生活大不相同。a far cry from ...和……相去甚远，与……大相径
庭；pass the time of day寒暄，打招呼，闲谈一会儿。
21. A. preferences B. designs
C. tips D. plans
解析： 根据下文中的managed to satisfy individual tastes可知，
商店设法满足了顾客的喜好，这说明作者一家逐步了解顾客对某
些物品的偏好，且作者的父亲永远说到做到。
22. A. creative B. fair C. true D. patient
解析： 参见上题解析。true to one’s word信守诺言。
23. A. bored B. upset C. curious D. excited
解析： 根据下文中的whenever he wasn’t able to meet a
customer’s 24 for a particular product和would phone around
various wholesalers可知，当作者的父亲不能完成顾客的订单时他
会很苦恼，他给各个批发商打电话，为的是找到某个东西，以完
成顾客的订单。
24. A. proposal B. test C. standard D. order
解析： 参见上题解析。
25. A. locate B. prove
C. share D. exchange
解析： 参见第23题解析。
26. A. stressed B. judged C. forgot D. hid
解析： 根据下文中的made it their priority可知，作者的父母永
远不会忘记乡村社区那些年前的善意（指他们刚搬来时受到村民
的热情欢迎），每当为乡村宴会或者慈善活动捐赠奖品的时候，
作者的父母都会把这件事当作头等大事来办。
27. A. selling B. donating
C. winning D. gathering
解析： 参见上题解析。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Water glasses， especially pure crystal （水晶） glasses， have a
natural frequency at which they will vibrate （振动）. When you rub （摩
擦） the edge of the glass， your finger will cause vibrations. When these
vibrations match the natural frequency of the glass， the vibrations can
increase to the point 28 you can hear a tone.
The particular tone will vary 29 （depend） upon many different
factors， including the quality of the glass， its thickness， and how
much， if any， water 30 （be） in the glass. In fact， different
tones can 31 （produce） by putting different amounts of water into
several different glasses.
Although you won’t find modern 32 （musician） playing a set
of crystal glasses at a concert， using glasses for music-making was
popular for a brief time long ago. People have been creating musical notes
with glasses since the 1400s. In fact， sets of glasses made
specifically 33 （play） music were popular in England in the early
1700s.
In the early 1760s， after seeing a performance on water glasses in
London， Benjamin Franklin invented a mechanical version of a set of
water glasses that he at first called the “glassychord”. He eventually
changed 34 name to the armonica （玻璃琴）. His
instrument 35 （become） popular in Europe， especially in
Germany. Although its 36 （popular） didn’t last， the armonica did
make an impression on both Mozart 37 Beethoven， who each wrote
pieces for the armonica.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了用水杯演奏音乐的
相关历史。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了用水杯演奏音乐的
相关历史。
28. where 考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰抽象名
词point （表示某种程度），且在从句中作状语，故填where。
29. depending 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，设空处作状语，且
The particular tone与depend之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填
depending。
30. is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处描述客观事实，用一般现
在时，且主语是water，谓语应用第三人称单数形式，故填is。
31. be produced 考查被动语态。主语tones与动词produce之间是被动
关系，空处用被动语态，又因空前有情态动词can，故填be
produced。
32. musicians 考查名词复数。musician意为“音乐家”，是可数名
词，设空处表示泛指，且其前无冠词修饰限定，故填其复数形式
musicians。
33. to play 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，设空处作目的状语，指
杯子套件是专门用来演奏音乐的，应用动词不定式，故填to play。
34. the 考查冠词。设空处特指上文中的glassychord这个名字，故填
定冠词the。
35. became 考查动词的时态。根据下文中的Although its ...didn’t last
可知，Benjamin Franklin发明的玻璃琴这个乐器曾经在欧洲地区很受
欢迎，尤其是德国。设空处描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，
故填became。
36. popularity 考查名词。根据语境及空前的its可知，设空处应用名
词，且表示“受欢迎”，故填popularity。
37. and 考查连词。both ...and ...……和……都。
谢谢观看！
