Section Ⅲ Using Language
维度一：品句填词
1.Now that she is occupied with her work，I don’t want to （麻烦） her with my problems.
2.Putting ourselves in their shoes is of great importance when we have （冲突） with friends.
3.It’s important to （辨别） reality from dreams in our daily lives.
4.Hearing the result of the competition， she couldn’t help （哭泣） aloud.
5.The baby is sleeping， so please （降低） your voice when you have to talk.
6.When making a speech， you have to （调整） your language to the age of your audience.
7.The fireman told us how to （反应） in case a fire should happen.
8. （最终）， you have to make your own judgements.
9.To our delight， what I said （澄清） the situation in the end.
10.She （询问） of me most politely whether I wished to continue.
维度二：词形转换
1.The old man （bend） over， picked up the plastic bag from the ground and then threw it into the dustbin.
2.He was （embarrass） when he was forced to admit making a mistake.
3.There is a （tend） for people to spend more and more time on their mobile phones.
4.In the street， she found herself （stare） at by a stranger， which made her a little nervous.
5.As a special （educate） teacher at the school， I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
6.She was deeply （shame） of her behaviour at the party.
7.When learning his friend had moved to a （slight） larger house， he wandered around， depressed and full of （anxious）.
8.We had to return the ticket because we （bare） had time to catch the train.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.Everyone needs friends， but （并不是每个人都知道） how to be a good friend.
2.My computer broke down and （我必须找人修理它） so as not to delay my work.
3.Our teacher loves us deeply （好像我们是她们自己的孩子一样）.
4.It was at that time that she （与丈夫发生冲突而感到羞愧）.
5.She （焦急地等待她的丈夫） in the dark forest.
6. （尽管学生们来自不同的国家）， they got on quite well in the summer camp.
维度四：课文语法填空
As an 1. （educate）， people often ask me how I know what is going on in the minds of my students.My answer is that I look at their body language.It is easy for me 2. （recognise） when students are interested in a lesson.People have a 3. （tend） to lean towards whatever they are interested in.So if a student has his head 4. （lower） to look at his watch， it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.Sometimes some students are 5. （amuse） by something else.So the main thing is reminding distracted students 6. they need to pay attention in class.
While 7. is easy to perceive when students are interested， bored， or distracted， it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students 8. （trouble）.Ultimately， my duty is helping every student to learn.Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities， when to intervene， and when to talk to students 9. （individual）.Reacting to body language is 10. important component of being a teacher.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·沧州十校高二下学期月考）When you are about to get a shot of good and bad news， what is your preference — good news first， or bad？ And what should your preference be？
In an initial study， participants filled out a personality inventory （清单）.One group was told that they were going to get feedback， some of which was good and some of which was bad， and were asked which they wanted to hear first.A second group was told that they were going to give someone else feedback about their personality inventory and that some of the news would be good and some bad.They were asked what news they wanted to deliver first.
Most people （78％） wanted to hear the bad news first because they believed they would feel better if they got the bad news out of the way and ended on a good note.People delivering news， though， were split： Those who imagined what a recipient would want to hear tended to want to give the bad news first， while those who focused on their own feelings tended to want to give the good news first because they felt it would be easier to start by giving good news.
But which is actually better for us， getting good news first or bad？ Another study suggests that the answer to this important question depends on whether you are focused on your mood or on changing your behaviour.
In this study， participants who got the bad news first were in a better mood and were less worried overall than those who got the good news first.However， participants who got the bad news first were less interested in improving their behaviour than those who got the good news first.
Overall， we like to get bad news first because the last thing you hear affects your mood.However， it turns out that being a little unsettled can be motivating.So， if you are motivated to act on the bad feedback by making changes in your behaviour， it is better to focus on what is wrong and to hear it last.
1.What can we learn about the initial study？
A.The first group would announce news.
B.The second group would get feedback.
C.The two groups received the same task.
D.The two groups produced different results.
2.What can we infer about people delivering the bad news first in the first study？
A.They belong to optimistic type.
B.They belong to pessimistic type.
C.They care about their own feelings.
D.They focus on the listeners’ feelings.
3.Who were more likely to improve their behaviour according to the second study？
A.Those who got the bad news first.
B.Those who got the good news first.
C.Those who delivered the bad news first.
D.Those who delivered the good news first.
4.What is the author’s advice for us in the last paragraph？
A.Hear the bad news last.
B.Hear the good news last.
C.Focus on our mood.
D.Stick to our behaviour.
B
（2024·南京高二下学期质检）In the past， video calls were mainly used for just a few elements of business meetings or hangouts with friends and family.Now， video conference tools are essential for our productivity， learning， and social interaction.We use them not only for fun， but mainly as a meaningful part of our work.
Once we started to attend endless video calls for a few hours each day， people became exhausted.This term is called “zoom fatigue”， and it is associated with overusing virtual communication platforms.
I know that there are some advantages of using video conferencing tools.Without them， it might not be possible to work from home.But there is a price that we need to pay for that sort of convenience.
When we are having a live conversation with another person， everything seems pretty natural.While speaking， you look into the eyes， sometimes slightly moving away your gaze onto something else.
Even if you’re in a conference room with 10 people， you don’t have this feeling of being observed all the time.You notice that people mostly look at the person who is currently speaking， and then they move their gaze onto someone else.But when you use a teleconferencing tool， things are different.Being physically on camera makes you very aware of being watched all the time.It’s because you don’t know who is looking at you.You just see many faces on your screen.
Marissa Shuffler， an associate professor at Clemson University， once said，“When you’re on a video conference， you know everybody’s looking at you； you are on stage， feeling like you need to perform.”
Moreover， there is another interesting tendency as far as video calls are concerned.Who are you looking at most of the time？ The answer is yourself.For most people it’s hard not to look at their own face if they can see it on the screen.It’s just tempting to confirm whether our head is at the right angle or if we’re having a good hair day and our shirt isn’t creased （起皱）.
5.What do the underlined words “zoom fatigue” refer to according to Paragraph 2？
A.The popularity of video calls.
B.Being addicted to video calls.
C.Feeling bored with video calls.
D.Tiredness caused by video calls.
6.What do video calls mean compared with live conversations？
A.Higher cost. B.More freedom.
C.More pressure. D.Better experience.
7.Why do we look at ourselves most of the time on the screen？
A.To behave ourselves.
B.To get some comfort.
C.To encourage ourselves.
D.To attract some attention.
8.What’s the author’s attitude to video calls？
A.Satisfied. B.Negative.
C.Skeptical. D.Ambiguous.
Ⅱ.完形填空
（2024·重庆高二下学期月考）Undoubtedly， Sherpas are the unsung heroes of Mount Everest.Back in 1953， Edmund Hillary could not have 9 the summit of the world’s highest mountain without the help of Sherpa mountaineer Tenzing Norgay.Today Sherpas 10 to challenge nature on this famous mountain.
Recently the 30-year-old Nepali mountain guide Gelje Sherpa carried out a heroic 11 when a Malaysian climber came close to death in Everest’s infamous “death zone”.According to the Himalayan Database， Everest has 12 more than 310 lives since 1924.The Malaysian climber looked likely to join this number when Gelje 13 him， alone on the mountain and lacking equipment.He was 14 in a dangerous situation.
Gelje was faced with a 15 ： continue guiding his client to the mountain’s summit， or 16 the journey and save the stranded climber.For Gelje， it wasn’t 17 — the climber had to be saved.Gelje 18 his companion to give up the summit 19 ， strapped （捆扎） the climber to his back and 20 him down 600 metres over the course of six hours.Later， he was joined by another 21 ， Nima Tashi Sherpa， who helped to carry the climber the rest of the way to base camp.
“It is almost 22 to rescue climbers at that altitude，” Department of Tourism official Bigyan Koirala told the Reuters news agency.“It is a very rare operation.”
But Gelje achieved what’s incredible， and his heroic efforts 23 .The rescued climber， whose name was not released to the media， was flown home after his condition improved.
9. A.found B.reached
C.visited D.seen
10. A.switch B.intend
C.manage D.continue
11. A.rescue B.mission
C.project D.challenge
12. A.claimed B.caught
C.witnessed D.discovered
13. A.made out B.looked over
C.came across D.searched for
14. A.normally B.definitely
C.basically D.regularly
15. A.plan B.choice
C.mission D.solution
16. A.finish B.change
C.abandon D.forget
17. A.difficult B.natural
C.interesting D.casual
18. A.requested B.allowed
C.demanded D.convinced
19. A.attempt B.concept
C.risk D.purpose
20. A.moved B.pulled
C.dragged D.carried
21. A.guide B.visitor
C.doctor D.nurse
22. A.obvious B.necessary
C.impossible D.acceptable
23. A.turned up B.paid off
C.worked out D.set down
Ⅲ.应用文写作
对于缩写的网络流行语（如yyds和xswl），人们有不同的看法。请你就此话题写一篇短文给某英文网站投稿，内容包括：
1.时下很流行这种缩写的网络用语；
2.你对这种网络流行语的看法；
3.说明你喜欢或不喜欢的理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Once upon a time， there lived a young boy named Ethan in a small village.With a passion for music， Ethan was enthusiastic about playing the guitar.Every day after school， he would rush home， grab his guitar， and lose himself in the melodies he created.
The village was hosting a talent show， and Ethan decided to participate.However， doubts started to creep into his mind.He began comparing himself to other talented musicians and questioning his abilities.The fear of failure began to consume him.
But Ethan’s grandfather， who had always been his biggest supporter， noticed his grandson’s inner struggle.He sat down with Ethan and shared a story from his own youth.
“When I was your age，” his grandfather began， “I had a dream of becoming a painter.But I was filled with self-doubt， just like you are now.I decided to seek guidance from a wise old artist in a nearby town.”
The old artist listened to his worries and offered him a challenge.He asked Ethan’s grandfather to paint a picture on a large canvas in front of a crowd.Overwhelmed by the challenge， he hesitated.
The wise artist smiled and said，“Don’t focus on what others might think.Instead， paint from your heart and pour your soul into every stroke.The beauty lies not in perfection， but in the authenticity of your creation.”
Encouraged by these words， Ethan’s grandfather accepted the challenge.He painted with passion， letting his emotions guide his brush.The crowd watched in awe as a beautiful masterpiece emerged on the canvas.
Finishing the story， Ethan’s grandfather said， “That day， I realised that success is not defined by how perfect we are or how we compare to others.It’s about embracing our unique talents， taking risks， and expressing ourselves with passion and authenticity.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Inspired by his grandfather’s story， Ethan decided to give the talent show his all.
Ethan didn’t win the talent show， but he felt like a winner deep inside.
Section Ⅲ Using Language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.bother 2.conflicts 3.distinguish 4.weeping 5.lower
6.adjust 7.react 8.Ultimately 9.clarified 10.inquired
维度二
1.bent 2.embarrassed 3.tendency 4.stared 5.education
6.ashamed 7.slightly； anxiety 8.barely
维度三
1.not everyone/everybody knows
2.I must have it repaired
3.as though/if we were their own children
4.was ashamed to have come into conflict with/conflict with her husband
5.waited for her husband with anxiety
6.While the students came from different countries
维度四
1.educator 2.to recognise 3.tendency 4.lowered
5.amused 6.that 7.it 8.are troubled 9.individually 10.an
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。“我有一个好消息和一个坏消息，你想先听哪个？”这是我们生活中经常面临的一个问题。而对此问题的不同回答，又意味着什么呢？
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二、三段可知，在这项研究中，研究对象被分为两组：一组将聆听反馈（听消息），另一组将告知他人反馈（告诉消息）；研究结果表明：第一组人员的回答比较一致，78％的人都想先听坏消息，而第二组则观点产生分歧和对立。这说明两个小组的研究结果不一致。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，那些想象对方会想听到什么的人倾向于先说坏消息，而那些关注自己感受的人倾向于先说好消息。由此可知，先说坏消息的人在乎对方的感受，而先说好消息的人在乎自己的感受。
3.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，与先听到好消息的研究对象相比，先听到坏消息的研究对象对改善自己的行为不太感兴趣。由此可知，先听到好消息者更有可能改变自己的行为。
4.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，作者给我们的建议是：如果你有动力通过改变自己的行为来应对糟糕的反馈，那么最好把注意力集中在出现错误的地方，也就是最后听坏消息。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。视频通话和视频会议给我们带来了很大的便利，可是，我们却要为这种便利付出相应的代价。
5.D 词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，作者这里提到的zoom fatigue是指由视频通话给我们带来的一种疲惫感。
6.C 推理判断题。根据第四至六段可知，人与人之间面对面的交谈是轻松自然的，而视频通话期间，我们感觉一直有人盯着自己，同时有一种上舞台表演的感觉。这自然会给我们增添很多的压力。
7.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，在视频通话中，我们经常会看自己——关注自己头的角度、头发是否整齐、衬衣是否起皱。behave oneself相当于show good manners。
8.B 观点态度题。综合全文可知，作者主要指出视频通话带来的问题——让我们疲惫不堪，并分析了造成这一结果的原因。由此可推知，作者对视频通话的态度是消极的。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。当30岁的尼泊尔登山向导Gelje Sherpa看到一名马来西亚登山者面临生命危险时，他说服他所服务的珠峰挑战者放弃登山，果断将那位马来西亚登山者背下了山。
9.B 根据下文without the help of Sherpa mountaineer Tenzing Norgay可知，1953年，如果没有夏尔巴人Tenzing Norgay的帮助，Edmund Hillary不可能登上世界最高峰。
10.D 上文Back in 1953是在说过去，这里作者接着告诉我们：今天，夏尔巴人继续在这座著名的山上挑战自然。
11.A 根据下文可知，Gelje Sherpa实施了一次英勇的救援行动。
12.A 根据喜马拉雅数据库的数据，自1924年以来，珠穆朗玛峰已经夺走了310多人的生命。claim夺取（生命）。
13.C 当Gelje Sherpa遇到这位马来西亚登山者时，他独自一人在山上，没有装备。come across偶然遇到。
14.B 根据上文alone on the mountain and lacking equipment可知，这位马来西亚登山者的处境确实很危险。definitely确切地；肯定地；确实。
15.B 根据下文continue guiding his client to the mountain’s summit， or可知，这时Gelje Sherpa面临着一个选择：要么继续陪他服务的登山者登上峰顶，要么放弃登山，救人。
16.C 参见上题解析。
17.A 根据破折号后的the climber had to be saved可知，对Gelje Sherpa来说，这不是很难的选择。也就是说，他很容易就作出了救人的选择。
18.D 然后，Gelje Sherpa说服他所服务的登山者放弃了登顶珠峰的尝试。
19.A 参见上题解析。attempt试图；企图；尝试。
20.D 根据上文strapped（捆扎） the climber to his back可知，Gelje Sherpa将这位马来西亚登山者背下了山。
21.A 上文提到了Gelje Sherpa是一位登山向导，因此这里是指另一位登山向导。
22.C 根据下文It is a very rare operation.可知，这次救援难度极大，几乎是不可能的。
23.B 根据文章尾句可知，这位马来西亚登山者成功获救。也就是说Gelje Sherpa的努力没有白费，得到了回报。
Ⅲ.
With the development of information technology and rapid social change， some Internet words， such as yyds and xswl， have grown in popularity among the young people.
Personally speaking， I’m fond of these new Internet words and I think it’s necessary for us to master them.
First of all， these abbreviations are much easier to type on the keyboard， which makes our communication easier and more convenient.Secondly， living in a fast-changing world， we must keep pace with the times.If we don’t know these words， we won’t understand what others are saying.Finally， these new words are interesting and funny.Not only can they make our conversations vivid and lively， but they can also help reduce our pressure from heavy learning load.
Ⅳ.
Inspired by his grandfather’s story， Ethan decided to give the talent show his all. He practiced tirelessly and poured his heart into every note.When the day of the talent show arrived， Ethan took a deep breath， stepped on stage， and played his guitar like never before. The audience was captivated by his performance. Ethan’s fingers danced on the strings， creating melodies that touched their hearts.At that moment， he realised that his self-doubts had held him back， but now he was free.
Ethan didn’t win the talent show， but he felt like a winner deep inside.This experience taught him that winning or losing isn’t the most important thing in our lives.What really matters is to believe in ourselves， to embrace our passions， and to chase our dreams with all our energy.Meanwhile， he realised that success is not always measured by external recognition but by the joy and fulfillment we find in pursuing our passions.Therefore， Ethan continued to play his guitar， inspiring others with his music and reminding everyone that the true reward lies in the journey itself.
1 / 3Section Ⅲ Using Language
Part Ⅰ Explore body language
听说课前清障 ——排除疑难，胸有成竹
1.reveal vt.揭示；显示；露出
2.clarify vt.使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清
3.in other words 换句话说；也就是说
4.try out 尝试；试用
5.take the criminals by surprise 突然袭击罪犯
6.give instructions 给予指示
7.use body language to express oneself
用肢体语言来表达自己
8.I was just telling my friend over there to meet me for lunch down the street in twenty minutes.我刚刚告诉我那边的朋友二十分钟后到街上和我一起吃午饭。
9.You were sending him secret hand signals.
你在给他发秘密手势。
10.So， the police leader used hand gestures to tell his team what to do.
所以，警察队长用手势告诉他的团队该做什么。
11.I thought it was pretty cool how they used hand gestures to communicate.
我觉得他们用手势交流很酷。
12.You can say a lot without speaking.
你可以不用语言就表达很多内容。
话题听力提能 ——捕捉信息，精准判断
听下面一段对话，回答第1至3题。该对话读两遍。
1.What is the man doing？
A.Watching a movie.
B.Watching a match.
C.Watching a lecture.
2.Where does Betty come from？
A.England. B.America. C.Switzerland.
3.What is nonverbal communication？
A.Communicating with words.
B.Communicating without words.
C.Communicating with lectures.
听下面一段对话，回答第4至6题。该对话读两遍。
4.What does the woman think of her interview？
A.Not so bad. B.Quite good. C.Rather poor.
5.When will the body language show take place？
A.At 3：00. B.At 4：00. C.At 5：00.
6.Why does the man not go to the show？
A.Because he has an appointment.
B.Because he has a lecture.
C.Because he has some classes.
听下面一段对话，回答第7至9题。该对话读两遍。
7.How many examples does the man make？
A.2. B.3. C.4.
8.What does the woman think of these examples？
A.Amusing. B.Amazing. C.Entertaining.
9.How does body language make information？
A.More attractive.
B.More directly.
C.Easy to learn.
听下面一段独白，回答第10至12题。该独白读两遍。
10.If a polar bear slaps the ground， what does it mean？
A.Angry. B.Hungry. C.Upset.
11.When a polar bear meets another one， what does it usually do？
A.Throwing a fit.
B.Standing up on its hind legs with its paws hanging down.
C.Wagging its head from side to side.
12.What does a polar bear do when it wants to show friendship to another？
A.Slowly moving backward with its head down.
B.Slowly circling the other bear.
C.Rushing forward with its head down.
话题表达实战 ——聚焦主题，定向突破
女主持人就动物界的肢体语言采访了Max Snelling……
阅读下面对话，根据语境选择最佳选项。
W：Today we are interviewing Max Snelling， who wrote a book about body language in the animal world.Hello， Max.
M：Hello.
W：In your book you talk about how animals use body language the same way as people do.
M：That’s right. 1 However， it is especially true of chimps.
W：In what way？
M：Well， when we humans are worried or frightened， we sometimes smile in a nervous way. 2
W：Why is that？
M：Perhaps they are trying to look friendly so an enemy will not hurt them. 3
W：We stand tall and put our hands on our sides.Sometimes we shout.
M： 4 Chimps do the same thing — they stand up， move their arms around， throw things about， and make noise.
W： 5
M：That’s right.
A.Exactly.We want to look bigger and stronger.
B.Chimps also look as though they are smiling when they are nervous.
C.Now， what do we often do when we are angry？
D.Just like we do.
E.This is true of many animals.
两个人就肢体语言展开了讨论……
阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。
W：Body language is very interesting.
M：Not just interesting， but useful because it can help you make yourself easily understood.1. （当你在和别人交谈时）， you are not just using words， but also using expressions and gestures.
W：Quite right.For example， waving one’s hand is to say “Good-bye”.A smile and handshake show welcome， and clapping hands means congratulations.2. （点头表示同意，但是摇头表示不同意）.The gestures are accepted both by Chinese and foreigners as having the same meaning.
M：Yes， but different countries also have different body language.For example， men in Russia， France and Arab countries kiss each other when they meet， but people in China or Australia 3. （握手而不是亲吻）.People in Rio like touching each other， but people from English speaking countries do not touch each other.If you touch an English person， you should say “Sorry”.
W：Yes， people in Arab countries like standing close to one another when they are talking， 4. （但是英国人说话时必须保持距离）.In some Asian countries， you must not touch the head of another person.In Arab countries， you eat using the fingers of your right hand； the left hand is not used at all.In parts of Asia， you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.
M：What’s more， when you use a foreign language， it is very important to know the meanings of gestures and movements in the foreign country.5. （遵守这些风俗习惯有助于你与他人沟通） and make your stay there much more pleasant.
听力技巧点拨 ——授之以渔，证之以例
读音辨别能力
英语的读音在英语语言交流当中起着非常重要的作用。如果读音不同，就可能表示不同的意义。因此，学生首先必须具备英语读音辨别的能力。
1.辨别单词读音的能力
对单词读音的辨别应该注意单词的近音、单词的重音、多音词及同音词的辨别。
（1）近音单词的辨别能力：英语中的近音辨别对学生来说，确实是个难点。高考听力测试中经常在数词上出题，来考查学生对近音的辨别。
【典例】 How much is the shirt？
A.￡9.50. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15.
【听力材料】
M： Excuse me.Can you tell me how much the shirt is？
W：Yes， it’s nine fifteen.
【分析】 C 由于fifty与fifteen的读音非常相近，因此，很多学生失误，将答案选错。
（2）单词重音的辨别能力：英语中很多单词读音的重音位置不同，词义也不一样。
【典例】 We’ll [r k d] his [ rek d] when the game is over.
【分析】 句子中的[r k d]和[ rek d]都是单词record的读音，只是重音位置不同引起词性和意义都不一样。前者读作[r k d]，为动词，意为“记载，记录”；后者读作 [ rek d]，为名词，意为“（体育运动或活动的）纪录”。
（3）多音词的辨别能力：英语中还有一些单词有多种读音。读音不同，词义也就不同，学生也必须具备对这些词的辨别能力。
【典例】 He said he had no time to listen to my [ k skju s].That means he won’t [ k skju z] me.
【分析】 句子中的excuse分别读作[ k skju s]和[ k skju z]，前面的[ k skju s]是名词，意为“借口，理由”；而后面的[ k skju z]是动词，意为“原谅，宽恕”。
（4）同音词的辨别能力：在英语中，有许多单词读音相同，在句子中听起来完全一样，但是拼写和意义不同。如当听到句子“What do you think of the [ fla （r）]？”时，我们就很难判断句中指的究竟是flower （花，花朵）还是flour （面粉）。如果根据下一句“The quality is very good.”， 那么学生很快就能明白，句子中的[ fla （r）]原来是指flour。因此，在英语学习过程中，学生还应具备根据上下文对英语同音词的辨别能力。
2.辨别句子读音的能力
一般说来，句子读音有两种情况值得注意：一是句子的重音；二是句子的语调。随着句子的重音和语调的变化，句子的意思也随之改变。在英语听力考试的过程中，学生一定要能够辨别。
（1）辨别句子重音的能力：句子的重音是有规定的。一般情况下，实义词，如名词、行为动词、形容词、副词、数词、疑问词及感叹词都应该重读；而功能词，如连词、介词、冠词、助动词、情态动词、人称代词等都不重读。但是，在对话当中的起始部分之后，说话人可根据说话的目的、意图对任何单词或短语进行重读加以强调。
【典例】 W： Could you show me the coat， please？
M：Which one？
W：The red one on the right.
【分析】 男士一听到女士说的第1句话中的show和coat，就马上知道女士的意图和要求；女士一听到男士回答的Which就马上明白了男士的疑惑，于是着重突出red和right，使她说话的内容更加准确。
具备了对句子重音的辨别能力，就能很快抓住说话者的目的、意图，抓住话语的中心内容和要点，从而快速作出正确的反应和判断。
（2）辨别句子语调的能力：英语句子的语调非常重要，它常用来表达某种情感、愿望和要求。英语中句子的语调有3种，即降调、升调和降升调。降调主要用于陈述句、祈使句、感叹句、反意疑问句和特殊疑问句中，表示确定、命令、要求、惊讶、感慨和询问情况的情感；升调主要用于一般疑问句以及一些特殊的反意疑问句或祈使句中，表示一种不确定、不解或警告的情感；降升调主要用于对比句、选择疑问句、反问、告别语及祝愿语中，常用来表示比较、异议、提醒、建议、鼓励或显得亲切的情感等。
能够辨别句子的语调，就能更好地把握说话者的弦外之音，就能更准确地理解说话者的意思、情感和态度，从而提高英语听力理解水平。
Part Ⅱ Describe classroom body language
1.How does the teacher know his students may have a problem？
A.By talking to them individually.
B.By telephoning their parents.
C.By watching their behaviours.
D.By analysing their facial expressions.
2.What will students do if they are interested in a lesson？
A.Look out of the window.
B.Hide their faces in their hands.
C.Lower their heads to look at the books.
D.Lean forward and look at the teacher.
3.When students have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs crossed， they may feel .
A.happy B.excited C.shocked D.angry
4.How does the author develop the passage？
A.By listing some phenomena.
B.By answering some questions.
C.By teaching some body language.
D.By analysing some body language.
Step 1 品教材课文 Step 2 析写作手法
HOW DO I KNOW MY STUDENTS？ As an educator， people often ask me how I know what is going on in the minds of my students.Many students are quite shy and don’t speak all that much.At the same time， in a classroom of more than forty students， it is hard to have many one-on-one conversations with each person.So， how can I really know what makes each student tick？ My answer？ I look at their body language. It is easy to recognise when students are interested in a lesson.Most tend to look up and make eye contact.When I make a joke， they smile.When I talk about something difficult， they look confused.I know when students are really interested， however， because they lean forward and look at me.People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in.[1]So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch， it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.If two friends are leaning their heads together， they are probably writing notes to each other.Of course， not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.Some students look up， but there is an absence of eye contact.Their eyes barely move， and they always have the same distant expression on their faces.It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open. [1]本句是一个复合句。if引导条件状语从句，implies后为宾语从句。 本文是一篇“总—分—总”结构的说明文。作者的写作目的从标题HOW DO I KNOW MY STUDENTS？就能看出来，本文就是为了回答这个问题的。 第一段使用特殊疑问句So， how can I really know what makes each student tick？提出问题，用来引起读者的阅读兴趣。 第二段简明扼要地提出观察学生的肢体语言是了解学生的关键。先用一般疑问句的省略形式重复该问题，然后进行回答，借此引出文章的主题——通过肢体语言了解学生。
续表
Step 1 品教材课文 Step 2 析写作手法
Some students are amused by something else.They spend all their time looking anywhere but at me.Then again， some students’ favourite activity is daydreaming.With their chins on their hands， they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.They are certainly interested in something， but who knows what.[2]The main thing is reminding distracted students that they need to pay attention in class. [2]本句是一个复合句。reminding后接双宾语。 [3]While it is easy to perceive when students are interested， bored， or distracted， it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.Students who are angry， afraid， or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed， like they are guarding their bodies.Students who are sad or worried will nearly always wear a frown.They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher.However， if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping， then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work.It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home.Whatever it is， I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on. [3]本句是一个复合句。While引导让步状语从句，两个it为形式主语；两个when皆引导宾语从句。 Ultimately， my duty is helping every student to learn.Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities， when to intervene， and when to talk to students individually， so they can all get the most out of school.Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher. 第三、四段用了大量的例子来说明学生的肢体语言和他们的情绪状态之间有很强的关联，比如：如果学生对课堂内容感兴趣，他们通常愿意抬起头和老师有眼神交流。借助一些生动形象的形容词或动词，描述课堂上学生的肢体语言，如look up、 smile、 confused、 lean forward、 has his head lowered、 leaning their heads together等。 第五段主要讲述了尽管学生在感兴趣、无聊或心烦意乱时，很容易被察觉，但有时很难分辨出学生有什么问题。第一句是该段的主题句，同时也是过渡句，起承上启下的作用。 第六段回扣主题，最后一句点明对肢体语言的反应是作为一名教师的重要组成部分。
【参考译文】
我是如何了解我的学生的？
作为一名教育工作者，人们经常问我，我是怎么知道学生的脑子里在想什么的。许多学生生性腼腆，沉默寡言。同时，班上的学生有四十多人，想与每位学生一对一谈话不是那么容易。那么，我是如何搞清楚每个学生为何会这样的呢？
想知道我的答案吗？我观察他们的肢体语言。
学生对一堂课感兴趣时，很容易就可以看出来。大部分学生会抬头看，并且有眼神交流。我开玩笑时，他们露出笑容。我讲到难点时，他们一脸茫然。然而，学生兴趣盎然时，我也看得出来，因为他们会身体前倾，注视着我。人们在对某个事物感兴趣时，往往会身体前倾。所以，如果一名学生低头看手表，这就表明他觉得无聊，数着时间，只盼早点下课。如果两个好朋友把头靠在一起，那么他们很可能是在互相写纸条。当然，不是所有抬着头的学生都是在认真听课。有些学生虽然抬着头，却没有眼神交流。他们的眼睛几乎不动，脸上表情疏远呆滞，好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。
有些学生在自娱自乐。整节课他们始终盯着别的东西，没看我一眼。此外，有些学生最喜欢的活动就是做白日梦。他们托着下巴，全神贯注地盯着窗外或天花板。一定是什么东西吸引了他们的注意力，但是谁也不知道到底是什么。重要的是提醒走神的学生专心听讲。
尽管学生们何时（对讲课）感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。愤怒、害怕或焦虑的学生会双臂交叉放在胸前，双腿并拢或交叉，像是在保护自己的身体。伤心或忧虑的学生几乎总是皱着眉头，也会双手捂脸，一副尴尬或羞愧的样子。有些学生这副模样，只是因为他们害怕老师提问。但是，要是学生都懒得梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能够推断她遇到了更严重的问题。极有可能她与同学或家人发生了很大的冲突。不管是什么，我知道我必须去探个究竟，搞明白发生了什么事情。
最后，我的职责是帮助每一位学生学习。他们的肢体语言让我知道该何时调整课堂活动、何时干预、何时与学生单独谈话，从而让他们在校收获最大。对肢体语言作出反应是教师职责的重要组成部分。
Step 3 背出彩佳句
一、概述肢体语言
1.People may have different body language even if they live in the same country.
即使生活在同一个国家，人们也可能会有不同的肢体语言。
2.People from different cultures may misunderstand the gestures they use.
来自不同文化的人可能会误解他们使用的手势。
二、肢体语言在不同文化中的含义
1.In China， we wave our hands to say “hello” or “goodbye” while meeting guests.
在中国，我们会见客人时挥手说“你好”或“再见”。
2.It is good manners to greet our guests by shaking hands with them.
和客人握手打招呼是有礼貌的。
3.Like people in many other countries， we nod our heads to say “yes” and shake our heads to say “no”.
像许多其他国家的人一样，我们点头说“是”，摇头说“不”。
三、掌握肢体语言的意义
1.If we can’t understand the cultural differences between different countries， it may cause misunderstanding.
如果我们不了解不同国家之间的文化差异，这可能会引起误解。
2.Using body language in a correct way will help you to communicate with people in a foreign country.
正确地使用肢体语言将帮助你与外国人交流。
用英文描述右图中肢体语言的含义。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
一、合理布局，精心谋篇
二、遣词造句，规范得体
1.根据提示介绍图画中的肢体语言
①那人皱着眉头。
②他的眼睛似乎聚焦着什么东西。
His eyes seem to .
③用定语从句合并句①和句②
④他把一只手放在下巴上。
⑤他捂住嘴和鼻子。
⑥用动词-ing短语作状语合并句④和句⑤
⑦他把另一只手放在胳臂肘下，好像在屏住呼吸。
He puts the other hand under the elbow of the arm .
⑧他的肢体语言告诉我们什么？（特殊疑问句）
2.根据提示说明肢体语言所蕴藏的含义
①他陷入问题中。
②他陷入沉思中。
③用连词and连接句①和句②
④别打扰他，否则你会被视为粗鲁的闯入者。
， or you can be seen as a rude interloper.
⑤这件事有时会导致意想不到的冲突。
The event sometimes can .
⑥用定语从句合并句④和句⑤
三、恰当衔接，自然过渡
用过渡词in the meantime连接第1题中的句③、句⑥和句⑦，同时把句⑦改为省略句。
四、认真誊写，赏心悦目
核心词汇集释
in other words 换句话说；也就是说
【用法】
in a word 总之；简言之
keep one’s word 遵守诺言
break one’s word 失信；不守诺言
have a word with ... 与……谈谈
have words with ... 与……争吵
word comes/came that ... 有消息说……
【佳句】 He has achieved his aim.In other words， his ambition has come true.
他已经实现了他的目标。也就是说，他的梦想实现了。
【练透】 用word的相关短语填空
① ， my life will be much richer and more colourful.
②Once you have made a promise， you should ， or no one will trust you.
③He has so many times that I cannot trust him any more.
【写美】 完成句子
④换句话说，我们是自己未来的主人。
， we are the master of our own future.
stare vi.盯着看；凝视n.凝视
【教材原句】 With their chins on their hands， they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.他们双手托着下巴，全神贯注地盯着窗外或天花板。
【用法】
stare at 凝视；盯着看
stare sb up and down 上下打量某人
stare sb in the face 盯着某人的脸看
【佳句】 He gave me a long stare but didn’t answer my question.
他盯着我看了很久，但没有回答我的问题。
【写美】 完成句子
①她上下打量着我，好像不认识我似的。
She as if she didn’t know me.
②在公共场合盯着陌生人看是不礼貌的。
strangers in public.
distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别
【教材原句】 While it is easy to perceive when students are interested， bored， or distracted， it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.
尽管学生们何时（对讲课）感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
【用法】
（1）distinguish between A and B 区分A和B
distinguish ...from ... 把……与……区分开来
distinguish oneself （as ...） （作为……）而出名
（2）distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的
be distinguished for ... 因……而出名
be distinguished as ... 作为……而出名
【佳句】 Mount Tai is distinguished for its beautiful sights as well as rich culture， attracting visitors all over the world.
泰山以其美丽的景色和丰富的文化而闻名，吸引着世界各地的游客。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①As far as we all know， she has already distinguished （she） as a great volleyball coach in the world.
②It’s my pleasure to introduce Chinese painting to our （distinguish） guests.
【写美】 完成句子
③阅读好书既能充实我们的思想又能教我们分辨是非。
Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to .
embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的
【教材原句】 They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.
他们也会双手捂脸，一副尴尬或羞愧的样子。
【用法】
（1）be/feel embarrassed about/at ...对……感到难为情/不知所措
（2）embarrassment n. 尴尬，难为情
to one’s embarrassment 让某人尴尬的是
（3）embarrass vt. 使难堪，使尴尬
embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的
【佳句】 Embarrassed and ashamed，she opened her mouth with her eyes widening and face turning red.（读后续写之心理描写）
既尴尬又羞愧，她张开嘴巴，睁大眼睛，脸涨得通红。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The wife stood there with （embarrass）， feeling the blood rushing to her face.
②The look on his face suggested he was in an situation.（embarrass）
【写美】 一句多译
③令我尴尬的是，我的头卡在大南瓜里了。
→ ，my head was stuck in the huge pumpkin.（embarrassment）
→ was that my head was stuck in the huge pumpkin.（what引导主语从句）
ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧
【用法】
（1）be ashamed of ... 为……而感到羞耻
be ashamed to do sth 羞于/耻于做某事
be ashamed that ... 对……感到羞愧
（2）shame n. 羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事
It’s a shame that ... ……真让人遗憾。
What a shame/pity！ 真遗憾！
【佳句】 Her head was hanging gently，and tears of shame were shining from the corners of her eyes. （读后续写之神态描写）
她的头轻轻地垂着，眼角上闪着羞愧的泪光。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I feel （shame） of myself for having done many things that harm the environment.
②She was ashamed （tell） her mother that she had failed again.
【写美】 完成句子
③我既羞愧又沮丧，心如刀绞一般，泪水模糊了我的双眼。
，I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart and tears blurred my eyes. （读后续写之心理描写）
bother vi.& vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心n.麻烦；不便
【教材原句】 However，if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping， then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work.然而，如果一个学生懒得梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能推断出她在学习上遇到了更严重的问题。
【用法】
bother sb with sth 为某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother doing/to do sth 费心做某事
It bothers sb to do sth/that ... 使某人苦恼的是……
【佳句】 ①I am terribly sorry to bother you with such small things.
为一些如此小的事麻烦你，我真抱歉。
②The problem has been bothering me for weeks.
那问题已经困扰了我几个星期。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I didn’t want to bother her work matters on her day off.
②Why bother （go） to Italy and Denmark， when there are so many appealing places here？
【写美】 完成句子
③我确实需要你的宝贵建议，希望不会给你带来太大的麻烦。
I do need your valuable suggestions， hoping it .
adjust vt.调整；调节vi.& vt.适应；（使）习惯
【教材原句】 Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities， when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually， so they can all get the most out of school.
他们的肢体语言让我知道该何时调整课堂活动、何时干预、何时与学生单独谈话，从而让他们在学校收获最大。
【用法】
（1）adjust （oneself） to （doing） sth （使某人）适应（做）某事
（2）adjustment n. 调整；适应
make an adjustment/adjustments （to sth）（对某事）做出调整
（3）adjustable adj. 可调节的
【佳句】 As for how to adjust yourself to the new school life here quickly， I’d like to give you some advice.
关于如何使你自己快速适应这里的新学校生活，我想给你一些建议。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The height of the bicycle seat is （adjust）.
②Some schools will make （adjust） in agreement with the national soccer reform.
【写美】 完成句子
③作为一名交换生，我花了很长时间去适应新环境。
As an exchange student， . （告知信）
重点句型解构
句型公式：have＋宾语＋过去分词（作宾语补足语）
【教材原句】 So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch， it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.
所以，如果一名学生低头看手表，这就表明他觉得无聊，数着时间，只盼早点下课。
【用法】
（1）句中的has his head lowered为“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。本句中过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动。
（2）“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构如下：
①have sth done 使某事被做
②have sb do sth 让某人做某事
③have sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
④have sth to do 有某事要做（主语自己做）
【品悟】 ①My mother never allows me to play computer games unless I have my homework finished.
如果我完不成家庭作业，我妈妈决不允许我玩电脑游戏。
②You need to have your temperature taken before seeing the doctor.
你看医生前需要先量体温。
【写美】 完成句子
①天很冷，她让火日夜燃烧着。
It was cold， and she day and night.
②我们学生课后有各种各样的活动参加。
We students after class.
③我的手机出毛病了，昨天我去修了。
Something was wrong with my mobile phone and I yesterday.
④让你等了这么长时间，我必须向你道歉。今天，我有太多紧急的事情要处理。
I must apologise to you for .Today， . （道歉信）
句型公式：部分否定
【教材原句】 Of course， not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.
当然，不是所有抬着头的学生都是在认真听课。
【用法】
“not everyone .../everyone ...not”等表示部分否定，意为“并非每个人都……”。
（1）all、 both、 each、 every、 everyone、 everybody、 everything、 always、 whole、 entirely等具有总括意义的词与否定词连用，构成部分否定；
（2）当表示完全否定意义时，英语中常用no、 none、 nobody、 nothing、 no one、 neither等词与谓语动词的肯定式连用来表达。
【品悟】 It’s impossible for both the applicants to get the job， because not both of them are fit for the job.
＝It’s impossible for both the applicants to get the job， because both of them are not fit for the job.
两个申请人都得到这份工作是不可能的，因为不是两个人都适合这份工作。
【写美】 完成句子/一句多译
①汤姆邀请杰克和彼得和他一起去野餐，但是他们两个都不想去，因为他们有工作要做。
Tom asks Jack and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but ， because they have work to do.
②最近的一项调查显示，并非我们学校的所有学生都在空闲时间进行体育锻炼。
→A recent survey shows that in their spare time.
→A recent survey shows that in their spare time.
句型公式：while作连词，引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】 While it is easy to perceive when students are interested， bored， or distracted， it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.尽管学生们何时（对讲课）感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
【用法】
while作连词时的主要用法：
（1）意为“虽然；尽管”时，表示转折，引导让步状语从句；
（2）意为“但是；可是”时，表示对比，引导并列句；
（3）意为“当……的时候”时，引导时间状语从句。
【品悟】 While travelling can broaden your horizons， I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.
尽管旅游能够拓宽你的视野，但是我认为在这方面花费太多的时间和金钱不是一个好主意。
【写美】 完成句子
①尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。
， I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
②李江推荐中国传统服装，而苏华更喜欢校服。
Li Jiang recommends the traditional Chinese dress .
③他养成了开车上班时听有声书的习惯。
He forms a habit of listening to audio books .
情感描写 ①weep vi.& vt.哭泣；流泪 ②anger n.愤怒；怒气 vt.使生气；激怒 ③anxiety n.焦虑；担心；害怕 ④embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的 ⑤ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧 ⑥feel down 感到沮丧
动作描写 ①slump vi.垂头弯腰地走（或坐等） ②bend vt.& vi.（使）弯曲；倾斜；偏向 ③lower vt.把……放低；降低；减少 adj.下面的；下方的；较小的 ④bother vi.& vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心 ⑤stare vi.盯着看；凝视 ⑥distract vt.分散（注意力）；使分心 ⑦break down 消除；分解；打破
第一步：完成句子雏形现
1.一个骑自行车的女孩撞倒了一位老奶奶。
knocked down an old grandma.
2.女孩懒得扶她起来，而是愤怒地责备她。
The girl didn’t .
3.然后，女孩骑着车走了。
Then the girl .
4.片刻之后，女孩发现后座上的运动鞋不见了。
A moment later， the girl on the backseat .
5.令她吃惊的是，老奶奶焦急万分地在等她。
To her surprise，the old grandma was .
6.女孩如此羞愧和尴尬，她低着头，眼睛盯着地面，感觉血液涌上脸庞。
The girl .She the ground， feeling the blood rush to her face.
7.女孩终于崩溃了，止不住地哭起来。
The girl finally .
8.老奶奶俯下身，温柔地抚摸着她的头。
and stroked her head gently.
第二步：句式升级造亮点
9.把句6合并升级为so ...that ...引导的倒装句型
第三步：过渡衔接连成篇
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 4 Section Ⅲ
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ ◇自我评价
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？
回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、 核心单词写对
1. adj.合适的；恰当的
2. adj.相同的
3. n.面颊；脸颊
4. vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于
n.帮助；恩惠；赞同
5. vi.鞠躬；点头vt.低（头）
n.弓；蝴蝶结
6. n.腰；腰部
7. n.发生的事情；严重事件；冲突
8. adj.内部的；里面的
9. n.故作姿态；（为画像、拍照等摆的）姿势vi.摆好姿势vt.造成（威胁、问题等）
10. vt.& vi.（使）弯曲；倾斜；偏向
11. vt.揭示；显示；露出
12. vt.意味着；暗示
13. adv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚
14. vi.盯着看；凝视n.凝视
15. n.天花板；上限
16. adv.只是；仅仅；只不过
17. vi.& vt.询问；打听
18. vi.干预；介入
19. n.组成部分；零件
20. n.语气；腔调；口吻
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.However， this situation will be （澄清） in the near future.
2.He made himself understood with the help of （手势）.
3.Since my brother is rather tall， he has to （把……放低） his head to get through the door.
4.With his arms folded across his （胸部）， Robert looked at his friend with a smile on his face.
5. （最终）， he received a scholarship to attend Yale University.
6.As far as I know， Amy was the only person to （当场看到） the car accident.
7.The skin acts as a （屏障） against disease and the sun’s harmful rays.
8.There is a （冲突） between what they are doing and what you want.
9.Not having accepted the invitation to the party， little Tom （哭泣） yesterday.
10.This （事情） really let me know that I have a long way to go.
11.So I have no choice but to （麻烦） you to correct my mistakes in my essay.
二、拓展词汇用活
1. n.交流；相互影响→interact v.交流；沟通；合作；相互影响，相互作用
2. vi.（根据情况）变化；改变→various adj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的→variety n.不同种类；多样化
3. vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过→approval n.赞成；同意；批准；通过
4. vt.使用；应用；雇用→employer n.雇主；老板→employee n.雇员；雇工→employment雇用；使用；就业；职业
5. vi.相异；不同于→different adj.不同的→difference n.不同；差异
6. n.愤怒；怒气 vt.使生气；激怒→angry adj.生气的→angrily adv.愤怒地；生气地
7. adj.可靠的；可信赖的→rely vi.依赖；依靠
8. adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的→slightly adv.略微；稍微
9. vt.评估；评价→assessment n.评价；评定
10. n.教师；教育工作者；教育家→educate v.教育→educated adj.受过教育的→education n.教育
11. n.趋势；倾向→tend v.往往会；倾向于，趋向
12. vt.占据；占用→occupation n.职业
13. vt.分散（注意力）；使分心→distraction n.注意力分散；分心→distracted adj.分心的；注意力分散的
14. vi.& vt.区分；辨别→distinguished adj.卓越的；杰出的；著名的
15. n.焦虑；担心；害怕→anxious adj.焦急的，焦虑的
16. adj.难堪的；尴尬的→embarrass vt.使尴尬→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的→embarrassment n.窘迫；难堪；困境
17. adj.羞愧；惭愧→shame n.羞耻，羞愧；惭愧→shameful adj.可耻的；不道德的→shameless adj.无耻的
18. vt.调整；调节vi.& vt.适应；（使）习惯→adjustment n.调整；调节；适应
19. vi.（对……）起反应；回应；（对食物等）有不良反应→reaction n.反应；回应
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Some think that a woman’s body cells have a （tend） to age more slowly than a man’s.
2.①The little girl showed no （anxious） before the competition.She seemed to have prepared for it very well.
②As is reported， more and more people are （anxiety） about the quality of the air.
3.What me was that my son had stolen a watch in a shop and I warned him not to do that again.（angry）
4.Much to my ， he asked me an question.I felt so that my face was red.（embarrass）
5.①Being （educate） in a famous university is what most students desire for.
②This was a time when women were looked down upon and had no right to receive （educate）.
6. of after-class activities will be held， from the English corner to the literature club.（vary）
7.①The new school year is right around the corner， but the （adjust） to returning to school may take a few weeks.
②Many college graduates had difficulty in （adjust） to rural life.
8.As for online learning， you may find yourself easily （distract）.
9.①Whatever she says will not make any （differ） to our arrangements.
②As to what clothes to wear， students hold （differ） opinions.
10.① Anyway， （react） to body language is an important component for a teacher.
②What was Jeff’s （react） when you told him about the bad news？
11. have tried their best to create more opportunities so that more can be .（employ）
12.There is a school with a （distinguish） academic record in my hometown.
13.Americans think it rude to put out one’s tongue，but the Chinese often use this gesture language when they are embarrassed or （shame）.
三、重点短语用准
1. 相比之下
2. （与……）相比较
3. 推理；推断
4. 消除；分解；打破；（机器）出故障
5. 从……到……不等
6. 盯着看
7. 度过；熬过；完成；使理解；使明白
8. 理解；明白；弄清楚
9. 直起来；整理；收拾整齐
10. 换句话说；也就是说
11. 有某种影响；在工作
12. （短暂地）访问；要求（某人讲话等）；正式邀请
Ⅲ.选用左栏短语并用其适当形式填空
1.The boy with his back to the camera began to ； he was turning.
2.He the exam paper blankly， not knowing what to write.
3.It takes a long time to prejudices， but we will keep trying.
4.It was very cold yesterday， but ， it seems a bit warm today.
5.House prices place place， and they are usually high in the center of downtown.
6.I’m at a loss whether I should bring a small gift or not when I him.
7.Judging from his puzzled expression， we that he didn’t figure out what I said just now.
四、经典句式写美
1.句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
教材原句：And if we are feeling down or lonely， there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
2.句型公式：部分否定
教材原句：Of course， not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.
3.句型公式：have＋宾语＋过去分词（作宾语补足语）
教材原句：So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch， it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.
4.句型公式：while作连词，引导让步状语从句
教材原句：While it is easy to perceive when students are interested， bored， or distracted， it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.依我看来，这家旅馆的服务最好了。
As far as I’m concerned， .
2.事实是并不是每个人都非常重视环境保护。
The truth is that is attaching great importance to environmental protection.
3.爬山时，她的脚受伤了。
She when climbing the mountain.
4.虽然她是一个可爱的姑娘，但有时很难与她共事。
， she can be extremely difficult to work with.
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
1.be lost in thought 陷入沉思
2.cover one’s mouth and nose 遮住口鼻
3.fix eyes on something 眼睛盯着什么东西
4.put one hand on one’s chin
一只手放在下巴上
5.hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
1.By learning body language we can broaden our mental horizons and increase our knowledge in various fields.
通过学习肢体语言我们能够开阔我们的精神视野，增加我们在各领域的知识。
2.Body language is a way of communication， but not everybody can use the same body language to communicate with others.
肢体语言是交流的一种方式，但并非所有人都可以用同一种肢体语言与他人交流。
3.If you want to go out to travel， it is very important for you to figure out the body language there.
如果你要外出旅游，了解当地的肢体语言是非常重要的。
4.There are actually seven universal expressions of emotions on the face： happiness， sadness， anger， fear， surprise， contempt and disgust.
实际上人的面部通常有7种表情：快乐、悲伤、生气、恐惧、惊讶、轻视和厌恶。
5.Body language is the quiet， secret and most powerful language of all！ Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements， while quieter people keep them close to their bodies.
肢体语言是所有语言中安静、神秘和最强有力的语言！外向的人通常会用手臂做大动作，而安静的人则会让手臂靠近身体。
Section Ⅲ Using Language
Part Ⅰ Explore body language
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5 CABCA 6－10 AABAA 11－12 CB
听力材料：
（Text 1）
W：Hi， what are you doing？
M：Oh， I’m watching a lecture about nonverbal communication given by Professor Betty from England.
W：Nonverbal communication？ What is it？ Could you please make it clear and simple？ I’m so confused about it！
M：OK， nonverbal communication refers to communicate without words.In other words， it’s body language.
（Text 2）
M：How about your job interview， Ally？
W：The whole thing in interview was so bad， but I have learned a lot from the experience.Now I really know how important of body language is in our life.
M：Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication， often even more powerful than spoken language.
W：Yes， we should pay more attention to it.I heard that the body language show will be held at 3：00 this afternoon.How about going and listening？
M：Oh， it sounds good， but I have made an appointment at 4：00 p.m.
W：It’s a pity.
（Text 3）
W：Could you tell us some knowledge about the body language？
M：OK， about body language， I want to make some examples to you.Walking with hands in pockets； hand to cheek， thinking.
W：It’s so amazing！ I never know these simple motions can deliver so much information， and our thought would be read easily by others while we do not pay attention to！
M：Yes， body language is expressing yourself by your body act.Though it is not directly than language， but it makes the information more attractive！ And there are many actors who are good at acting the body language， like Charlie Chaplin.
（Text 4）
Animals often use body language to show their emotions.For example， when it wants to show fear and tell you to stay away， a polar bear will slap the ground.Of course， polar bears also slap the ground when they are angry.If a polar bear is trying to catch a seal and the seal gets away， the bear may throw a fit.Sometimes polar bears wag their heads from side to side when they see another bear.While this could mean that the bear is worried， if the bear stands up on its hind legs with its paws hanging down， it probably means it wants to play.A polar bear who wants to show that it is friendly to another bear will often slowly circle the other bear， and then slowly move forward with its head down and touch its nose to the other bear’s nose.Of course， if a polar bear rushes forward with its head down.Look out！ It could mean that it just wants you to go away.However， there is a good chance that it is going to attack.
话题表达实战
Scene One
1－5 EBCAD
Scene Two
1.When you are talking with others
2.Nodding the head means agreement， but shaking the head means disagreement
3.shake hands instead of kissing
4.but English people must keep a distance away when they are talking
5.Following the customs will help you communicate with people
Part Ⅱ Describe classroom body language
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－4 CDDD
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.①The man is frowning.
②be fixed on something
③The man whose eyes seem to be fixed on something is frowning.
④He puts one hand on his chin.
⑤He covers his mouth and nose.
⑥He puts one hand on his chin， covering his mouth and nose.
⑦as if holding his breath
⑧What does his body language tell us？
2.①He is stuck in a problem.
②He is lost in thought.
③He is stuck in a problem and lost in thought.
④Be sure to leave him alone
⑤lead to unexpected conflicts
⑥Be sure to leave him alone， or you can be seen as a rude interloper， which sometimes can lead to unexpected conflicts.
三、The man whose eyes seem to be fixed on something is frowning.In the meantime， he puts one hand on his chin， covering his mouth and nose， and the other hand under the elbow of the arm as if holding his breath.
四、
The man whose eyes seem to be fixed on something is frowning.In the meantime， he puts one hand on his chin， covering his mouth and nose， and the other hand under the elbow of the arm as if holding his breath.What does his body language tell us？
It often means he is stuck in a problem and lost in thought.Be sure to leave him alone， or you can be seen as a rude interloper， which sometimes can lead to unexpected conflicts.
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①In a word ②keep your word ③broken his word
④In other words
2.①stared me up and down ②It is bad manners to stare at
3.①herself ②distinguished ③distinguish between right and wrong
4.①embarrassment ②embarrassed； embarrassing
③To my embarrassment； What embarrassed me/What made me embarrassed
5.①ashamed ②to tell ③Ashamed and frustrated
6.①with ②to go/going ③won’t bother you much
7.①adjustable ②adjustments ③it took me a long time to adjust to/adjust myself to the new surroundings
重点句型解构
1.①had the fire burning ②have various activities to take part in ③had it repaired ④having you waiting for such a long time； I have so many urgent things to attend to
2.①neither of them want（s） to ②not all the students in our school take physical exercise； all the students in our school don’t take physical exercise
3.①While I admit that there are problems ②while Su Hua prefers the school uniform ③while he is driving to work
【教材词汇·练续写】
第一步
1.A girl riding a bike
2.bother to help her up but blamed her in anger
3.rode away
4.found her sports shoes； missing
5.waiting for her with great anxiety
6.was ashamed and embarrassed； lowered her head and stared at
7.broke down and wept without control
8.The old grandma bent forward
第二步
9.So ashamed and embarrassed was the girl that she lowered her head and stared at the ground，feeling the blood rush to her face.
第三步
A girl riding a bike knocked down an old grandma.The girl didn’t bother to help her up but blamed her in anger.Then the girl rode away.A moment later，the girl found her sports shoes on the backseat missing.To her surprise，the old grandma was waiting for her with great anxiety.So ashamed and embarrassed was the girl that she lowered her head and stared at the ground，feeling the blood rush to her face.The girl finally broke down and wept without control.The old grandma bent forward and stroked her head gently.
1 / 3(共161张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Using Language
1
Part Ⅰ Explore body language
目 录
2
Part Ⅱ Describe classroom body language
3
课时检测·提能力
Part Ⅰ Explore body language
1
听说课前清障 ——排除疑难，胸有成竹
1. reveal vt.揭示；显示；露出
2. clarify vt.使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清
3. in other words 换句话说；也就是说
4. try out 尝试；试用
5. take the criminals by surprise 突然袭击罪犯
6. give instructions 给予指示
7. use body language to express oneself
用肢体语言来表达自己
8. I was just telling my friend over there to meet me for lunch down the
street in twenty minutes.
我刚刚告诉我那边的朋友二十分钟后到街上和我一起吃午饭。
9. You were sending him secret hand signals.
你在给他发秘密手势。
10. So， the police leader used hand gestures to tell his team what to do.
所以，警察队长用手势告诉他的团队该做什么。
11. I thought it was pretty cool how they used hand gestures to
communicate.
我觉得他们用手势交流很酷。
12. You can say a lot without speaking.
你可以不用语言就表达很多内容。
话题听力提能 ——捕捉信息，精准判断
听下面一段对话，回答第1至3题。该对话读两遍。
1. What is the man doing？
A. Watching a movie.
B. Watching a match.
C. Watching a lecture.
2. Where does Betty come from？
A. England. B. America. C. Switzerland.
3. What is nonverbal communication？
A. Communicating with words.
B. Communicating without words.
C. Communicating with lectures.
听下面一段对话，回答第4至6题。该对话读两遍。
4. What does the woman think of her interview？
A. Not so bad. B. Quite good. C. Rather poor.
5. When will the body language show take place？
A. At 3：00. B. At 4：00. C. At 5：00.
6. Why does the man not go to the show？
A. Because he has an appointment.
B. Because he has a lecture.
C. Because he has some classes.
听下面一段对话，回答第7至9题。该对话读两遍。
7. How many examples does the man make？
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4.
8. What does the woman think of these examples？
A. Amusing. B. Amazing. C. Entertaining.
9. How does body language make information？
A. More attractive.
B. More directly.
C. Easy to learn.
听下面一段独白，回答第10至12题。该独白读两遍。
10. If a polar bear slaps the ground， what does it mean？
A. Angry. B. Hungry. C. Upset.
11. When a polar bear meets another one， what does it usually do？
A. Throwing a fit.
B. Standing up on its hind legs with its paws hanging down.
C. Wagging its head from side to side.
12. What does a polar bear do when it wants to show friendship to
another？
A. Slowly moving backward with its head down.
B. Slowly circling the other bear.
C. Rushing forward with its head down.
听力材料：
（Text 1）
W：Hi， what are you doing？
M：Oh， I’m watching a lecture about nonverbal communication
given by Professor Betty from England.
W：Nonverbal communication？ What is it？ Could you please make
it clear and simple？ I’m so confused about it！
M：OK， nonverbal communication refers to communicate without
words.In other words， it’s body language.
（Text 2）
M：How about your job interview， Ally？
W：The whole thing in interview was so bad， but I have learned a lot
from the experience.Now I really know how important of body
language is in our life.
M：Body language is one of the most powerful means of
communication， often even more powerful than spoken language.
W：Yes， we should pay more attention to it.I heard that the body
language show will be held at 3：00 this afternoon.How about going
and listening？
M：Oh， it sounds good， but I have made an appointment at 4：00
p.m.
W：It’s a pity.
（Text 3）
W：Could you tell us some knowledge about the body language？
M：OK， about body language， I want to make some examples to
you.Walking with hands in pockets； hand to cheek， thinking.
W：It’s so amazing！ I never know these simple motions can deliver
so much information， and our thought would be read easily by others
while we do not pay attention to！
M：Yes， body language is expressing yourself by your body
act.Though it is not directly than language， but it makes the
information more attractive！ And there are many actors who are good
at acting the body language， like Charlie Chaplin.
（Text 4）
Animals often use body language to show their emotions.For
example， when it wants to show fear and tell you to stay away， a
polar bear will slap the ground.Of course， polar bears also slap the
ground when they are angry.If a polar bear is trying to catch a seal and
the seal gets away， the bear may throw a fit.Sometimes polar bears
wag their heads from side to side when they see another bear.While this
could mean that the bear is worried， if the bear stands up on its hind
legs with its paws hanging down， it probably means it wants to play.
A polar bear who wants to show that it is friendly to another bear will often
slowly circle the other bear， and then slowly move forward with its head
down and touch its nose to the other bear’s nose.Of course， if a polar bear
rushes forward with its head down.Look out！ It could mean that it just
wants you to go away.However， there is a good chance that it is going to
attack.
话题表达实战 ——聚焦主题，定向突破
女主持人就动物界的肢体语言采访了Max Snelling……
阅读下面对话，根据语境选择最佳选项。
W：Today we are interviewing Max Snelling， who wrote a book about
body language in the animal world.Hello， Max.
M：Hello.
W：In your book you talk about how animals use body language the same
way as people do.
M：That’s right. 1 However， it is especially true of chimps.
W：In what way？
M：Well， when we humans are worried or frightened， we sometimes
smile in a nervous way. 2
W：Why is that？
M：Perhaps they are trying to look friendly so an enemy will not hurt
them. 3
W：We stand tall and put our hands on our sides.Sometimes we shout.
M： 4 Chimps do the same thing — they stand up， move their arms
around， throw things about， and make noise.
W： 5
M：That’s right.
A. Exactly.We want to look bigger and stronger.
B. Chimps also look as though they are smiling when they are nervous.
C. Now， what do we often do when we are angry？
D. Just like we do.
E. This is true of many animals.
答案：1－5 EBCAD
两个人就肢体语言展开了讨论……
阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。
W：Body language is very interesting.
M：Not just interesting， but useful because it can help you make
yourself easily understood.1. （当你
在和别人交谈时）， you are not just using words， but also using
expressions and gestures.
When you are talking with others
W：Quite right.For example， waving one’s hand is to say “Good-
bye”.A smile and handshake show welcome， and clapping hands means
congratulations.2.
（点头表示同意，但是摇头表示不同
意）.The gestures are accepted both by Chinese and foreigners as having
the same meaning.
Nodding the head means agreement， but shaking the
head means disagreement
M：Yes， but different countries also have different body language.For
example， men in Russia， France and Arab countries kiss each other
when they meet， but people in China or Australia 3.
（握手而不是亲吻）.People in Rio like touching
each other， but people from English speaking countries do not touch each
other.If you touch an English person， you should say “Sorry”.
shake hands
instead of kissing
W：Yes， people in Arab countries like standing close to one another
when they are talking， 4.
（但是英国人说话时必须保持距离）.In some
Asian countries， you must not touch the head of another person.In Arab
countries， you eat using the fingers of your right hand； the left hand is
not used at all.In parts of Asia， you must not sit with your feet pointing at
another person.
but English people must keep a distance away
when they are talking
M：What’s more， when you use a foreign language， it is very
important to know the meanings of gestures and movements in the foreign
country.5.
（遵守这些风俗习惯有助于你与他人沟通） and make your
stay there much more pleasant.
Following the customs will help you communicate with
people
听力技巧点拨 ——授之以渔，证之以例
读音辨别能力
英语的读音在英语语言交流当中起着非常重要的作用。如果读音
不同，就可能表示不同的意义。因此，学生首先必须具备英语读音辨
别的能力。
1. 辨别单词读音的能力
对单词读音的辨别应该注意单词的近音、单词的重音、多音词及同
音词的辨别。
（1）近音单词的辨别能力：英语中的近音辨别对学生来说，确实
是个难点。高考听力测试中经常在数词上出题，来考查学生
对近音的辨别。
A. ￡9.50. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15.
【听力材料】
M： Excuse me.Can you tell me how much the shirt is？
W：Yes， it’s nine fifteen.
【分析】 C 由于fifty与fifteen的读音非常相近，因此，很
多学生失误，将答案选错。
【典例】 How much is the shirt？
（2）单词重音的辨别能力：英语中很多单词读音的重音位置不
同，词义也不一样。
【典例】 We’ll [r k d] his [ rek d] when the game is over.
【分析】 句子中的[r k d]和[ rek d]都是单词record的读
音，只是重音位置不同引起词性和意义都不一样。前者读作
[r k d]，为动词，意为“记载，记录”；后者读作
[ rek d]，为名词，意为“（体育运动或活动的）纪录”。
（3）多音词的辨别能力：英语中还有一些单词有多种读音。读
音不同，词义也就不同，学生也必须具备对这些词的辨别
能力。
【典例】 He said he had no time to listen to my
[ k skju s].That means he won’t [ k skju z] me.
【分析】 句子中的excuse分别读作[ k skju s]和[ k skju z]，
前面的[ k skju s]是名词，意为“借口，理由”；而后面的
[ k skju z]是动词，意为“原谅，宽恕”。
（4）同音词的辨别能力：在英语中，有许多单词读音相同，在句
子中听起来完全一样，但是拼写和意义不同。如当听到句子
“What do you think of the [ fla （r）]？”时，我们就很难
判断句中指的究竟是flower （花，花朵）还是flour （面
粉）。如果根据下一句“The quality is very good.”， 那么学
生很快就能明白，句子中的[ fla （r）]原来是指flour。因
此，在英语学习过程中，学生还应具备根据上下文对英语同
音词的辨别能力。
2. 辨别句子读音的能力
一般说来，句子读音有两种情况值得注意：一是句子的重音；二是
句子的语调。随着句子的重音和语调的变化，句子的意思也随之改
变。在英语听力考试的过程中，学生一定要能够辨别。
（1）辨别句子重音的能力：句子的重音是有规定的。一般情况
下，实义词，如名词、行为动词、形容词、副词、数词、疑
问词及感叹词都应该重读；而功能词，如连词、介词、冠
词、助动词、情态动词、人称代词等都不重读。但是，在对
话当中的起始部分之后，说话人可根据说话的目的、意图对
任何单词或短语进行重读加以强调。
【典例】 W： Could you show me the coat， please？
M：Which one？
W：The red one on the right.
【分析】 男士一听到女士说的第1句话中的show和coat，就
马上知道女士的意图和要求；女士一听到男士回答的Which就
马上明白了男士的疑惑，于是着重突出red和right，使她说话
的内容更加准确。
具备了对句子重音的辨别能力，就能很快抓住说话者的目
的、意图，抓住话语的中心内容和要点，从而快速作出正确
的反应和判断。
（2）辨别句子语调的能力：英语句子的语调非常重要，它常用来
表达某种情感、愿望和要求。英语中句子的语调有3种，即降
调、升调和降升调。降调主要用于陈述句、祈使句、感叹
句、反意疑问句和特殊疑问句中，表示确定、命令、要求、
惊讶、感慨和询问情况的情感；升调主要用于一般疑问句以
及一些特殊的反意疑问句或祈使句中，表示一种不确定、不
解或警告的情感；降升调主要用于对比句、选择疑问句、反
问、告别语及祝愿语中，常用来表示比较、异议、提醒、建
议、鼓励或显得亲切的情感等。
能够辨别句子的语调，就能更好地把握说话者的弦外之音，
就能更准确地理解说话者的意思、情感和态度，从而提高英
语听力理解水平。
Part Ⅱ Describe classroom body language
2
1. How does the teacher know his students may have a problem？
A. By talking to them individually.
B. By telephoning their parents.
C. By watching their behaviours.
D. By analysing their facial expressions.
2. What will students do if they are interested in a lesson？
A. Look out of the window.
B. Hide their faces in their hands.
C. Lower their heads to look at the books.
D. Lean forward and look at the teacher.
3. When students have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their
legs crossed， they may feel .
A. happy B. excited
C. shocked D. angry
4. How does the author develop the passage？
A. By listing some phenomena.
B. By answering some questions.
C. By teaching some body language.
D. By analysing some body language.
Step 1 品教材课文
HOW DO I KNOW MY STUDENTS？
As an educator， people often ask me how I know what is going on in the
minds of my students.Many students are quite shy and don’t speak all that
much.At the same time， in a classroom of more than forty students， it is
hard to have many one-on-one conversations with each person.So， how
can I really know what makes each student tick？
My answer？ I look at their body language.
It is easy to recognise when students are interested in a lesson.Most tend to
look up and make eye contact.When I make a joke， they smile.When I
talk about something difficult， they look confused.I know when students
are really interested， however， because they lean forward and look at
me.People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested
in.[1]So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch， it implies
he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.If two friends
are leaning their heads together， they are probably writing notes to each
other.Of course， not everyone who looks up is paying attention in
class.Some students look up， but there is an absence of eye contact.Their
eyes barely move， and they always have the same distant expression on
their faces.It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.
[1]本句是一个复合句。if引导条件状语从句，implies后为宾
语从句。
Some students are amused by something else.They spend all their
time looking anywhere but at me.Then again， some students’ favourite
activity is daydreaming.With their chins on their hands， they occupy
themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.They are
certainly interested in something， but who knows what.[2]The main
thing is reminding distracted students that they need to pay attention in
class.
[2]本句是一个复合句。reminding后接双宾语。
[3]While it is easy to perceive when students are interested，
bored， or distracted， it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when
students are troubled.Students who are angry， afraid， or experiencing
anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs
closed or crossed， like they are guarding their bodies.Students who are
sad or worried will nearly always wear a frown.They may also hide their
faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.Some students
act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the
teacher.However，
if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from
weeping， then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work.It could be
that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home.Whatever
it is， I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on.
[3]本句是一个复合句。While引导让步状语从句，两个it为形式
主语；两个when皆引导宾语从句。
Ultimately， my duty is helping every student to learn.Their body
language lets me know when to adjust class activities， when to
intervene， and when to talk to students individually， so they can all get
the most out of school.Reacting to body language is an important
component of being a teacher.
Step 2 析写作手法
本文是一篇“总—分—总”结构的说明文。作者的写作目的从标
题HOW DO I KNOW MY STUDENTS？就能看出来，本文就是为了
回答这个问题的。
第一段使用特殊疑问句So， how can I really know what makes each
student tick？提出问题，用来引起读者的阅读兴趣。
第二段简明扼要地提出观察学生的肢体语言是了解学生的关键。先用
一般疑问句的省略形式重复该问题，然后进行回答，借此引出文章的
主题——通过肢体语言了解学生。
第三、四段用了大量的例子来说明学生的肢体语言和他们的情绪
状态之间有很强的关联，比如：如果学生对课堂内容感兴趣，他们通
常愿意抬起头和老师有眼神交流。借助一些生动形象的形容词或动
词，描述课堂上学生的肢体语言，如look up、 smile、 confused、 lean
forward、 has his head lowered、 leaning their heads together等。
第五段主要讲述了尽管学生在感兴趣、无聊或心烦意乱时，很容
易被察觉，但有时很难分辨出学生有什么问题。第一句是该段的主题
句，同时也是过渡句，起承上启下的作用。
第六段回扣主题，最后一句点明对肢体语言的反应是作为一名教师的
重要组成部分。
【参考译文】
我是如何了解我的学生的？
作为一名教育工作者，人们经常问我，我是怎么知道学生的脑子
里在想什么的。许多学生生性腼腆，沉默寡言。同时，班上的学生有
四十多人，想与每位学生一对一谈话不是那么容易。那么，我是如何
搞清楚每个学生为何会这样的呢？
想知道我的答案吗？我观察他们的肢体语言。
学生对一堂课感兴趣时，很容易就可以看出来。大部分学生会抬
头看，并且有眼神交流。我开玩笑时，他们露出笑容。我讲到难点
时，他们一脸茫然。然而，学生兴趣盎然时，我也看得出来，因为他
们会身体前倾，注视着我。人们在对某个事物感兴趣时，往往会身体
前倾。所以，如果一名学生低头看手表，这就表明他觉得无聊，数着
时间，只盼早点下课。如果两个好朋友把头靠在一起，那么他们很可
能是在互相写纸条。当然，不是所有抬着头的学生都是在认真听课。
有些学生虽然抬着头，却没有眼神交流。他们的眼睛几乎不动，脸上
表情疏远呆滞，好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。
有些学生在自娱自乐。整节课他们始终盯着别的东西，没看我一
眼。此外，有些学生最喜欢的活动就是做白日梦。他们托着下巴，全
神贯注地盯着窗外或天花板。一定是什么东西吸引了他们的注意力，
但是谁也不知道到底是什么。重要的是提醒走神的学生专心听讲。
尽管学生们何时（对讲课）感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中
是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。愤怒、害怕
或焦虑的学生会双臂交叉放在胸前，双腿并拢或交叉，像是在保护自
己的身体。伤心或忧虑的学生几乎总是皱着眉头，也会双手捂脸，一
副尴尬或羞愧的样子。有些学生这副模样，只是因为他们害怕老师提
问。但是，要是学生都懒得梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能
够推断她遇到了更严重的问题。极有可能她与同学或家人发生了很大
的冲突。不管是什么，我知道我必须去探个究竟，搞明白发生了什么
事情。
最后，我的职责是帮助每一位学生学习。他们的肢体语言让我知
道该何时调整课堂活动、何时干预、何时与学生单独谈话，从而让他
们在校收获最大。对肢体语言作出反应是教师职责的重要组成部分。
Step 3 背出彩佳句
一、概述肢体语言
1. People may have different body language even if they live in the same
country.
即使生活在同一个国家，人们也可能会有不同的肢体语言。
2. People from different cultures may misunderstand the gestures they use.
来自不同文化的人可能会误解他们使用的手势。
二、肢体语言在不同文化中的含义
1. In China， we wave our hands to say “hello” or “goodbye” while
meeting guests.
在中国，我们会见客人时挥手说“你好”或“再见”。
2. It is good manners to greet our guests by shaking hands with them.和客
人握手打招呼是有礼貌的。
3. Like people in many other countries， we nod our heads to say “yes”
and shake our heads to say “no”.
像许多其他国家的人一样，我们点头说“是”，摇头说“不”。
三、掌握肢体语言的意义
1. If we can’t understand the cultural differences between different
countries， it may cause misunderstanding.
如果我们不了解不同国家之间的文化差异，这可能会引起误解。
2. Using body language in a correct way will help you to communicate
with people in a foreign country.
正确地使用肢体语言将帮助你与外国人交流。
用英文描述下图中肢体语言的含义。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
一、合理布局，精心谋篇
二、遣词造句，规范得体
1. 根据提示介绍图画中的肢体语言
①那人皱着眉头。
②他的眼睛似乎聚焦着什么东西。
His eyes seem to .
③用定语从句合并句①和句②
④他把一只手放在下巴上。
The man is frowning.
be fixed on something
The man whose eyes seem to be fixed on something is frowning.
He puts one hand on his chin.
⑤他捂住嘴和鼻子。
⑥用动词-ing短语作状语合并句④和句⑤
⑦他把另一只手放在胳臂肘下，好像在屏住呼吸。
He puts the other hand under the elbow of the arm
.
⑧他的肢体语言告诉我们什么？（特殊疑问句）
He covers his mouth and nose.
He puts one hand on his chin， covering his mouth and nose.
as if holding his
breath
What does his body language tell us？
2. 根据提示说明肢体语言所蕴藏的含义
①他陷入问题中。
②他陷入沉思中。
③用连词and连接句①和句②
④别打扰他，否则你会被视为粗鲁的闯入者。
， or you can be seen as a rude
interloper.
He is stuck in a problem.
He is lost in thought.
He is stuck in a problem and lost in thought.
Be sure to leave him alone
⑤这件事有时会导致意想不到的冲突。
The event sometimes can .
⑥用定语从句合并句④和句⑤
lead to unexpected conflicts
Be sure to leave him alone， or you can be seen as a rude
interloper， which sometimes can lead to unexpected conflicts.
三、恰当衔接，自然过渡
用过渡词in the meantime连接第1题中的句③、句⑥和句⑦，同时把句
⑦改为省略句。
The man whose eyes seem to be fixed on something is frowning.In the
meantime， he puts one hand on his chin， covering his mouth and
nose， and the other hand under the elbow of the arm as if holding his
breath.
四、认真誊写，赏心悦目
参考范文：
The man whose eyes seem to be fixed on something is frowning.In the
meantime， he puts one hand on his chin， covering his mouth and
nose， and the other hand under the elbow of the arm as if holding his
breath.What does his body language tell us？
It often means he is stuck in a problem and lost in thought.Be sure to
leave him alone， or you can be seen as a rude interloper， which
sometimes can lead to unexpected conflicts.
核心词汇集释
in other words 换句话说；也就是说
【用法】
in a word 总之；简言之
keep one’s word 遵守诺言
break one’s word 失信；不守诺言
have a word with ... 与……谈谈
have words with ... 与……争吵
word comes/came that ... 有消息说……
【佳句】 He has achieved his aim.In other words， his ambition has
come true.
他已经实现了他的目标。也就是说，他的梦想实现了。
【练透】 用word的相关短语填空
① ， my life will be much richer and more colourful.
②Once you have made a promise， you should ， or
no one will trust you.
③He has so many times that I cannot trust him any
more.
In a word
keep your word
broken his word
【写美】 完成句子
④换句话说，我们是自己未来的主人。
， we are the master of our own future.
In other words
stare vi.盯着看；凝视n.凝视
【教材原句】 With their chins on their hands， they occupy themselves
by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.他们双手托着下巴，全
神贯注地盯着窗外或天花板。
【用法】
stare at 凝视；盯着看
stare sb up and down 上下打量某人
stare sb in the face 盯着某人的脸看
【佳句】 He gave me a long stare but didn’t answer my question.
他盯着我看了很久，但没有回答我的问题。
【写美】 完成句子
①她上下打量着我，好像不认识我似的。
She as if she didn’t know me.
②在公共场合盯着陌生人看是不礼貌的。
strangers in public.
stared me up and down
It is bad manners to stare at
distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别
【教材原句】 While it is easy to perceive when students are
interested， bored， or distracted， it is sometimes much harder to
distinguish when students are troubled.尽管学生们何时（对讲课）感兴
趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有
困扰有时会难得多。
（1）distinguish between A and B 区分A和B
distinguish ...from ... 把……与……区分开来
distinguish oneself （as ...） （作为……）而出名
（2）distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的
be distinguished for ... 因……而出名
be distinguished as ... 作为……而出名
【用法】
【佳句】 Mount Tai is distinguished for its beautiful sights as well as
rich culture， attracting visitors all over the world.泰山以其美丽的景色
和丰富的文化而闻名，吸引着世界各地的游客。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①As far as we all know， she has already distinguished
（she） as a great volleyball coach in the world.
②It’s my pleasure to introduce Chinese painting to our
（distinguish） guests.
herself
distinguished
【写美】 完成句子
③阅读好书既能充实我们的思想又能教我们分辨是非。
Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us
to .
distinguish between right and wrong
embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的
【教材原句】 They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are
embarrassed or ashamed.
他们也会双手捂脸，一副尴尬或羞愧的样子。
【用法】
（1）be/feel embarrassed about/at ... 对……感到难为情/不知所措
（2）embarrassment n. 尴尬，难为情
to one’s embarrassment 让某人尴尬的是
（3）embarrass vt. 使难堪，使尴尬
embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的
【佳句】 Embarrassed and ashamed，she opened her mouth with her
eyes widening and face turning red.（读后续写之心理描写）
既尴尬又羞愧，她张开嘴巴，睁大眼睛，脸涨得通红。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The wife stood there with （embarrass）， feeling
the blood rushing to her face.
②The look on his face suggested he was in
an situation.（embarrass）
embarrassment
embarrassed
embarrassing
【写美】 一句多译
③令我尴尬的是，我的头卡在大南瓜里了。
→ ，my head was stuck in the huge pumpkin.
（embarrassment）
→ was that my
head was stuck in the huge pumpkin.（what引导主语从句）
To my embarrassment
What embarrassed me/What made me embarrassed
ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧
【用法】
（1）be ashamed of ... 为……而感到羞耻
be ashamed to do sth 羞于/耻于做某事
be ashamed that ... 对……感到羞愧
（2）shame n. 羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事
It’s a shame that ... ……真让人遗憾。
What a shame/pity！ 真遗憾！
【佳句】 Her head was hanging gently，and tears of shame were
shining from the corners of her eyes. （读后续写之神态描写）
她的头轻轻地垂着，眼角上闪着羞愧的泪光。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I feel （shame） of myself for having done many things
that harm the environment.
②She was ashamed （tell） her mother that she had failed
again.
ashamed
to tell
【写美】 完成句子
③我既羞愧又沮丧，心如刀绞一般，泪水模糊了我的双眼。
，I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart
and tears blurred my eyes. （读后续写之心理描写）
Ashamed and frustrated
bother vi.& vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心n.麻烦；不便
【教材原句】 However，if a student does not bother to brush her hair
and her eyes are red from weeping， then I can infer that there are deeper
issues at work.
然而，如果一个学生懒得梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能推
断出她在学习上遇到了更严重的问题。
bother sb with sth 为某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother doing/to do sth 费心做某事
It bothers sb to do sth/that ... 使某人苦恼的是……
【用法】
【佳句】 ①I am terribly sorry to bother you with such small things.
为一些如此小的事麻烦你，我真抱歉。
②The problem has been bothering me for weeks.
那问题已经困扰了我几个星期。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I didn’t want to bother her work matters on her day off.
②Why bother （go） to Italy and Denmark， when there
are so many appealing places here？
with
to go/going
【写美】 完成句子
③我确实需要你的宝贵建议，希望不会给你带来太大的麻烦。
I do need your valuable suggestions， hoping it
.
won’t bother you
much
adjust vt.调整；调节vi.& vt.适应；（使）习惯
【教材原句】 Their body language lets me know when to adjust class
activities， when to intervene，and when to talk to students
individually， so they can all get the most out of school.
他们的肢体语言让我知道该何时调整课堂活动、何时干预、何时与学
生单独谈话，从而让他们在学校收获最大。
（1）adjust （oneself） to （doing） sth （使某人）适应（做）某
事
（2）adjustment n. 调整；适应
make an adjustment/adjustments （to sth） （对某事）做出调整
（3）adjustable adj. 可调节的
【用法】
【佳句】 As for how to adjust yourself to the new school life here
quickly， I’d like to give you some advice.
关于如何使你自己快速适应这里的新学校生活，我想给你一些建议。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The height of the bicycle seat is （adjust）.
②Some schools will make （adjust） in agreement with
the national soccer reform.
adjustable
adjustments
【写美】 完成句子
③作为一名交换生，我花了很长时间去适应新环境。
As an exchange student，
. （告知信）
it took me a long time to adjust to/adjust
myself to the new surroundings
重点句型解构
句型公式：have＋宾语＋过去分词（作宾语补足语）
【教材原句】 So if a student has his head lowered to look at his
watch， it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to
end.所以，如果一名学生低头看手表，这就表明他觉得无聊，数着时
间，只盼早点下课。
（1）句中的has his head lowered为“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结
构。本句中过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动。
（2）“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构如下：
①have sth done 使某事被做
②have sb do sth 让某人做某事
③have sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
④have sth to do 有某事要做（主语自己做）
【用法】
【品悟】 ①My mother never allows me to play computer games unless
I have my homework finished.
如果我完不成家庭作业，我妈妈决不允许我玩电脑游戏。
②You need to have your temperature taken before seeing the doctor.
你看医生前需要先量体温。
【写美】 完成句子
①天很冷，她让火日夜燃烧着。
It was cold， and she day and night.
②我们学生课后有各种各样的活动参加。
We students after class.
had the fire burning
have various activities to take part in
③我的手机出毛病了，昨天我去修了。
Something was wrong with my mobile phone and I
yesterday.
④让你等了这么长时间，我必须向你道歉。今天，我有太多紧急的事
情要处理。
I must apologise to you for
.Today， .
（道歉信）
had it repaired
having you waiting for such a long
time
I have so many urgent things to attend to
句型公式：部分否定
【教材原句】 Of course， not everyone who looks up is paying
attention in class.
当然，不是所有抬着头的学生都是在认真听课。
“not everyone .../everyone ...not”等表示部分否定，意为“并非每个
人都……”。
（1）all、 both、 each、 every、 everyone、 everybody、
everything、 always、 whole、 entirely等具有总括意义的词与否定词
连用，构成部分否定；
（2）当表示完全否定意义时，英语中常用no、 none、 nobody、
nothing、 no one、 neither等词与谓语动词的肯定式连用来表达。
【用法】
【品悟】 It’s impossible for both the applicants to get the job， because
not both of them are fit for the job.
＝It’s impossible for both the applicants to get the job， because both of
them are not fit for the job.
两个申请人都得到这份工作是不可能的，因为不是两个人都适合这份
工作。
①汤姆邀请杰克和彼得和他一起去野餐，但是他们两个都不想去，因
为他们有工作要做。
Tom asks Jack and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but
， because they have work to do.
neither of them
want（s） to
【写美】 完成句子/一句多译
②最近的一项调查显示，并非我们学校的所有学生都在空闲时间进行
体育锻炼。
→A recent survey shows that
in their spare time.
→A recent survey shows that
in their spare time.
not all the students in our school take
physical exercise
all the students in our school don’t take
physical exercise
句型公式：while作连词，引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】 While it is easy to perceive when students are
interested， bored， or distracted， it is sometimes much harder to
distinguish when students are troubled.尽管学生们何时（对讲课）感兴
趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有
困扰有时会难得多。
while作连词时的主要用法：
（1）意为“虽然；尽管”时，表示转折，引导让步状语从句；
（2）意为“但是；可是”时，表示对比，引导并列句；
（3）意为“当……的时候”时，引导时间状语从句。
【用法】
【品悟】 While travelling can broaden your horizons， I don’t think it’s
a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.
尽管旅游能够拓宽你的视野，但是我认为在这方面花费太多的时间和
金钱不是一个好主意。
【写美】 完成句子
①尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。
， I don’t agree that they cannot
be solved.
While I admit that there are problems
②李江推荐中国传统服装，而苏华更喜欢校服。
Li Jiang recommends the traditional Chinese dress
.
③他养成了开车上班时听有声书的习惯。
He forms a habit of listening to audio books
.
while Su Hua prefers
the school uniform
while he is driving to
work
情感
描写 ①weep vi.& vt.哭泣；流泪
②anger n.愤怒；怒气 vt.使生气；激怒
③anxiety n.焦虑；担心；害怕
④embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的
⑤ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧
⑥feel down 感到沮丧
动作
描写 ①slump vi.垂头弯腰地走（或坐等）
②bend vt.& vi.（使）弯曲；倾斜；偏向
③lower vt.把……放低；降低；减少
adj.下面的；下方的；较小的
④bother vi.& vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心
⑤stare vi.盯着看；凝视
⑥distract vt.分散（注意力）；使分心
⑦break down 消除；分解；打破
第一步：完成句子雏形现
1. 一个骑自行车的女孩撞倒了一位老奶奶。
knocked down an old grandma.
2. 女孩懒得扶她起来，而是愤怒地责备她。
The girl didn’t .
3. 然后，女孩骑着车走了。
Then the girl .
A girl riding a bike
bother to help her up but blamed her in anger
rode away
4. 片刻之后，女孩发现后座上的运动鞋不见了。
A moment later， the girl on the
backseat .
5. 令她吃惊的是，老奶奶焦急万分地在等她。
To her surprise，the old grandma was
.
found her sports shoes
missing
waiting for her with great
anxiety
6. 女孩如此羞愧和尴尬，她低着头，眼睛盯着地面，感觉血液涌
上脸庞。
The girl .She
the ground， feeling the blood rush to her face.
7. 女孩终于崩溃了，止不住地哭起来。
The girl finally .
8. 老奶奶俯下身，温柔地抚摸着她的头。
and stroked her head gently.
was ashamed and embarrassed
lowered her head and
stared at
broke down and wept without control
The old grandma bent forward
第二步：句式升级造亮点
9. 把句6合并升级为so ...that ...引导的倒装句型
So ashamed and embarrassed was the girl that she lowered her head
and stared at the ground，feeling the blood rush to her face.
第三步：过渡衔接连成篇
A girl riding a bike knocked down an old grandma.The girl didn’t
bother to help her up but blamed her in anger.Then the girl rode away.A
moment later，the girl found her sports shoes on the backseat missing.To
her surprise，the old grandma was waiting for her with great anxiety.So
ashamed and embarrassed was the girl that she lowered her head and stared
at the ground，feeling the blood rush to her face.The girl finally broke
down and wept without control.The old grandma bent forward and stroked
her head gently.
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：品句填词
1. Now that she is occupied with her work，I don’t want to
（麻烦） her with my problems.
2. Putting ourselves in their shoes is of great importance when we
have （冲突） with friends.
3. It’s important to （辨别） reality from dreams in our
daily lives.
bother
conflicts
distinguish
4. Hearing the result of the competition， she couldn’t help
（哭泣） aloud.
5. The baby is sleeping， so please （降低） your voice when
you have to talk.
6. When making a speech， you have to （调整） your
language to the age of your audience.
7. The fireman told us how to （反应） in case a fire should
happen.
8. （最终）， you have to make your own judgements.
weeping
lower
adjust
react
Ultimately
9. To our delight， what I said （澄清） the situation in the
end.
10. She （询问） of me most politely whether I wished to
continue.
clarified
inquired
维度二：词形转换
1. The old man （bend） over， picked up the plastic bag from
the ground and then threw it into the dustbin.
2. He was （embarrass） when he was forced to admit
making a mistake.
3. There is a （tend） for people to spend more and more
time on their mobile phones.
4. In the street， she found herself （stare） at by a stranger，
which made her a little nervous.
bent
embarrassed
tendency
stared
5. As a special （educate） teacher at the school， I was
familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong
determination.
6. She was deeply （shame） of her behaviour at the party.
7. When learning his friend had moved to a （slight） larger
house， he wandered around， depressed and full of
（anxious）.
8. We had to return the ticket because we （bare） had time to
catch the train.
education
ashamed
slightly
anxiety
barely
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. Everyone needs friends， but （并
不是每个人都知道） how to be a good friend.
2. My computer broke down and （我必须找
人修理它） so as not to delay my work.
3. Our teacher loves us deeply
（好像我们是她们自己的孩子一样）.
4. It was at that time that she
（与丈夫发生冲突而感到羞愧）.
not everyone/everybody knows
I must have it repaired
as though/if we were their own
children
was ashamed to have come into conflict
with/conflict with her husband
5. She （焦急地等待她的丈
夫） in the dark forest.
6. （尽管学生们来
自不同的国家）， they got on quite well in the summer camp.
waited for her husband with anxiety
While the students came from different countries
维度四：课文语法填空
As an 1. （educate）， people often ask me how I
know what is going on in the minds of my students.My answer is that I
look at their body language.It is easy for me 2.
（recognise） when students are interested in a lesson.People have a
3. （tend） to lean towards whatever they are interested
in.So if a student has his head 4. （lower） to look at his
watch， it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to
end.Sometimes some students are 5.
educator
to recognise
tendency
lowered
（amuse） by something else.So the main thing is reminding
distracted students 6. they need to pay attention in class.
While 7. is easy to perceive when students are interested，
bored， or distracted， it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when
students 8. （trouble）.Ultimately， my duty is helping
every student to learn.Their body language lets me know when to adjust
class activities， when to intervene， and when to talk to students
9. （individual）.Reacting to body language is 10.
important component of being a teacher.
amused
that
it
are troubled
individually
an
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·沧州十校高二下学期月考）When you are about to get a
shot of good and bad news， what is your preference — good news first，
or bad？ And what should your preference be？
In an initial study， participants filled out a personality inventory
（清单）.One group was told that they were going to get feedback， some
of which was good and some of which was bad， and were asked which
they wanted to hear first.A second group was told that they were going to
give someone else feedback about their personality inventory and that
some of the news would be good and some bad.They were asked what
news they wanted to deliver first.
Most people （78％） wanted to hear the bad news first because they
believed they would feel better if they got the bad news out of the way and
ended on a good note.People delivering news， though， were split：
Those who imagined what a recipient would want to hear tended to want to
give the bad news first， while those who focused on their own feelings
tended to want to give the good news first because they felt it would be
easier to start by giving good news.
But which is actually better for us， getting good news first or bad？
Another study suggests that the answer to this important question depends
on whether you are focused on your mood or on changing your behaviour.
In this study， participants who got the bad news first were in a better
mood and were less worried overall than those who got the good news
first.However， participants who got the bad news first were less
interested in improving their behaviour than those who got the good news
first.
Overall， we like to get bad news first because the last thing you hear
affects your mood.However， it turns out that being a little unsettled can
be motivating.So， if you are motivated to act on the bad feedback by
making changes in your behaviour， it is better to focus on what is wrong
and to hear it last.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。“我有一个好消息和一个坏消息，
你想先听哪个？”这是我们生活中经常面临的一个问题。而对此问
题的不同回答，又意味着什么呢？
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。“我有一个好消息和一个坏消息，
你想先听哪个？”这是我们生活中经常面临的一个问题。而对此问
题的不同回答，又意味着什么呢？
1. What can we learn about the initial study？
A. The first group would announce news.
B. The second group would get feedback.
C. The two groups received the same task.
D. The two groups produced different results.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二、三段可知，在这项研究中，研
究对象被分为两组：一组将聆听反馈（听消息），另一组将告知他
人反馈（告诉消息）；研究结果表明：第一组人员的回答比较一
致，78％的人都想先听坏消息，而第二组则观点产生分歧和对立。
这说明两个小组的研究结果不一致。
2. What can we infer about people delivering the bad news first in the first
study？
A. They belong to optimistic type.
B. They belong to pessimistic type.
C. They care about their own feelings.
D. They focus on the listeners’ feelings.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，那些想象对方会想听到
什么的人倾向于先说坏消息，而那些关注自己感受的人倾向于先说
好消息。由此可知，先说坏消息的人在乎对方的感受，而先说好消
息的人在乎自己的感受。
3. Who were more likely to improve their behaviour according to the
second study？
A. Those who got the bad news first.
B. Those who got the good news first.
C. Those who delivered the bad news first.
D. Those who delivered the good news first.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，与先听到好消息的
研究对象相比，先听到坏消息的研究对象对改善自己的行为不太感
兴趣。由此可知，先听到好消息者更有可能改变自己的行为。
4. What is the author’s advice for us in the last paragraph？
A. Hear the bad news last.
B. Hear the good news last.
C. Focus on our mood.
D. Stick to our behaviour.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，作者给我们的建议
是：如果你有动力通过改变自己的行为来应对糟糕的反馈，那么最
好把注意力集中在出现错误的地方，也就是最后听坏消息。
B
（2024·南京高二下学期质检）In the past， video calls were mainly
used for just a few elements of business meetings or hangouts with friends
and family.Now， video conference tools are essential for our
productivity， learning， and social interaction.We use them not only for
fun， but mainly as a meaningful part of our work.
Once we started to attend endless video calls for a few hours each
day， people became exhausted.This term is called “zoom fatigue”，
and it is associated with overusing virtual communication platforms.
I know that there are some advantages of using video conferencing
tools.Without them， it might not be possible to work from home.But there
is a price that we need to pay for that sort of convenience.
When we are having a live conversation with another person，
everything seems pretty natural.While speaking， you look into the eyes，
sometimes slightly moving away your gaze onto something else.
Even if you’re in a conference room with 10 people， you don’t have
this feeling of being observed all the time.You notice that people mostly
look at the person who is currently speaking， and then they move their
gaze onto someone else.But when you use a teleconferencing tool， things
are different.Being physically on camera makes you very aware of being
watched all the time.It’s because you don’t know who is looking at
you.You just see many faces on your screen.
Marissa Shuffler， an associate professor at Clemson University，
once said，“When you’re on a video conference， you know
everybody’s looking at you； you are on stage， feeling like you need to
perform.”
Moreover， there is another interesting tendency as far as video calls
are concerned.Who are you looking at most of the time？ The answer is
yourself.For most people it’s hard not to look at their own face if they can
see it on the screen.It’s just tempting to confirm whether our head is at the
right angle or if we’re having a good hair day and our shirt isn’t creased
（起皱）.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。视频通话和视频会议给我们带来了
很大的便利，可是，我们却要为这种便利付出相应的代价。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。视频通话和视频会议给我们带来了
很大的便利，可是，我们却要为这种便利付出相应的代价。
5. What do the underlined words “zoom fatigue” refer to according to
Paragraph 2？
A. The popularity of video calls.
B. Being addicted to video calls.
C. Feeling bored with video calls.
D. Tiredness caused by video calls.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，作者这里提到的zoom
fatigue是指由视频通话给我们带来的一种疲惫感。
6. What do video calls mean compared with live conversations？
A. Higher cost. B. More freedom.
C. More pressure. D. Better experience.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四至六段可知，人与人之间面对
面的交谈是轻松自然的，而视频通话期间，我们感觉一直有人
盯着自己，同时有一种上舞台表演的感觉。这自然会给我们增
添很多的压力。
7. Why do we look at ourselves most of the time on the screen？
A. To behave ourselves.
B. To get some comfort.
C. To encourage ourselves.
D. To attract some attention.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，在视频通话中，我们
经常会看自己——关注自己头的角度、头发是否整齐、衬衣是否起
皱。behave oneself相当于show good manners。
8. What’s the author’s attitude to video calls？
A. Satisfied. B. Negative.
C. Skeptical. D. Ambiguous.
解析： 观点态度题。综合全文可知，作者主要指出视频通话带
来的问题——让我们疲惫不堪，并分析了造成这一结果的原因。由
此可推知，作者对视频通话的态度是消极的。
Ⅱ.完形填空
（2024·重庆高二下学期月考）Undoubtedly， Sherpas are the
unsung heroes of Mount Everest.Back in 1953， Edmund Hillary could
not have 9 the summit of the world’s highest mountain without the
help of Sherpa mountaineer Tenzing Norgay.Today Sherpas 10 to
challenge nature on this famous mountain.
Recently the 30-year-old Nepali mountain guide Gelje Sherpa carried
out a heroic 11 when a Malaysian climber came close to death in
Everest’s infamous “death zone”.According to the Himalayan
Database， Everest has 12 more than 310 lives since 1924.The
Malaysian climber looked likely to join this number when Gelje 13
him， alone on the mountain and lacking equipment.He was 14 in a
dangerous situation.
Gelje was faced with a 15 ： continue guiding his client to the
mountain’s summit， or 16 the journey and save the stranded
climber.For Gelje， it wasn’t 17 — the climber had to be
saved.Gelje 18 his companion to give up the summit 19 ，
strapped （捆扎） the climber to his back and 20 him down 600
metres over the course of six hours.Later， he was joined by
another 21 ， Nima Tashi Sherpa， who helped to carry the climber
the rest of the way to base camp.
“It is almost 22 to rescue climbers at that altitude，”
Department of Tourism official Bigyan Koirala told the Reuters news
agency.“It is a very rare operation.”
But Gelje achieved what’s incredible， and his heroic
efforts 23 .The rescued climber， whose name was not released to the
media， was flown home after his condition improved.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。当30岁的尼泊尔登山向导Gelje
Sherpa看到一名马来西亚登山者面临生命危险时，他说服他所服务的
珠峰挑战者放弃登山，果断将那位马来西亚登山者背下了山。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。当30岁的尼泊尔登山向导Gelje
Sherpa看到一名马来西亚登山者面临生命危险时，他说服他所服务的
珠峰挑战者放弃登山，果断将那位马来西亚登山者背下了山。
9. A. found B. reached C. visited D. seen
解析： 根据下文without the help of Sherpa mountaineer Tenzing
Norgay可知，1953年，如果没有夏尔巴人Tenzing Norgay的帮助，
Edmund Hillary不可能登上世界最高峰。
10. A. switch B. intend
C. manage D. continue
解析： 上文Back in 1953是在说过去，这里作者接着告诉我
们：今天，夏尔巴人继续在这座著名的山上挑战自然。
11. A. rescue B. mission
C. project D. challenge
解析： 根据下文可知，Gelje Sherpa实施了一次英勇的救援
行动。
12. A. claimed B. caught
C. witnessed D. discovered
解析： 根据喜马拉雅数据库的数据，自1924年以来，珠穆朗玛
峰已经夺走了310多人的生命。claim夺取（生命）。
13. A. made out B. looked over
C. came across D. searched for
解析： 当Gelje Sherpa遇到这位马来西亚登山者时，他独自一
人在山上，没有装备。come across偶然遇到。
14. A. normally B. definitely
C. basically D. regularly
解析： 根据上文alone on the mountain and lacking equipment可
知，这位马来西亚登山者的处境确实很危险。definitely确切地；
肯定地；确实。
15. A. plan B. choice
C. mission D. solution
解析： 根据下文continue guiding his client to the mountain’s
summit， or可知，这时Gelje Sherpa面临着一个选择：要么继续陪
他服务的登山者登上峰顶，要么放弃登山，救人。
16. A. finish B. change
C. abandon D. forget
解析： 参见上题解析。
17. A. difficult B. natural
C. interesting D. casual
解析： 根据破折号后的the climber had to be saved可知，对
Gelje Sherpa来说，这不是很难的选择。也就是说，他很容易就作
出了救人的选择。
18. A. requested B. allowed
C. demanded D. convinced
解析： 然后，Gelje Sherpa说服他所服务的登山者放弃了登顶
珠峰的尝试。
19. A. attempt B. concept
C. risk D. purpose
解析： 参见上题解析。attempt试图；企图；尝试。
20. A. moved B. pulled
C. dragged D. carried
解析： 根据上文strapped（捆扎） the climber to his back可知，
Gelje Sherpa将这位马来西亚登山者背下了山。
21. A. guide B. visitor C. doctor D. nurse
解析： 上文提到了Gelje Sherpa是一位登山向导，因此这里是
指另一位登山向导。
22. A. obvious B. necessary
C. impossible D. acceptable
解析： 根据下文It is a very rare operation.可知，这次救援难度
极大，几乎是不可能的。
23. A. turned up B. paid off
C. worked out D. set down
解析： 根据文章尾句可知，这位马来西亚登山者成功获救。也
就是说Gelje Sherpa的努力没有白费，得到了回报。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
对于缩写的网络流行语（如yyds和xswl），人们有不同的看法。
请你就此话题写一篇短文给某英文网站投稿，内容包括：
1. 时下很流行这种缩写的网络用语；
2. 你对这种网络流行语的看法；
3. 说明你喜欢或不喜欢的理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
With the development of information technology and rapid social
change， some Internet words， such as yyds and xswl， have grown in
popularity among the young people.
Personally speaking， I’m fond of these new Internet words and I
think it’s necessary for us to master them.
First of all， these abbreviations are much easier to type on the
keyboard， which makes our communication easier and more
convenient.Secondly， living in a fast-changing world， we must keep
pace with the times.If we don’t know these words， we won’t understand
what others are saying.Finally， these new words are interesting and
funny.Not only can they make our conversations vivid and lively， but
they can also help reduce our pressure from heavy learning load.
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
Once upon a time， there lived a young boy named Ethan in a small
village.With a passion for music， Ethan was enthusiastic about playing
the guitar.Every day after school， he would rush home， grab his
guitar， and lose himself in the melodies he created.
The village was hosting a talent show， and Ethan decided to
participate.However， doubts started to creep into his mind.He began
comparing himself to other talented musicians and questioning his
abilities.The fear of failure began to consume him.
But Ethan’s grandfather， who had always been his biggest
supporter， noticed his grandson’s inner struggle.He sat down with Ethan
and shared a story from his own youth.
“When I was your age，” his grandfather began， “I had a dream
of becoming a painter.But I was filled with self-doubt， just like you are
now.I decided to seek guidance from a wise old artist in a nearby town.”
The old artist listened to his worries and offered him a challenge.He
asked Ethan’s grandfather to paint a picture on a large canvas in front of a
crowd.Overwhelmed by the challenge， he hesitated.
The wise artist smiled and said，“Don’t focus on what others might
think.Instead， paint from your heart and pour your soul into every
stroke.The beauty lies not in perfection， but in the authenticity of your
creation.”
Encouraged by these words， Ethan’s grandfather accepted the
challenge.He painted with passion， letting his emotions guide his
brush.The crowd watched in awe as a beautiful masterpiece emerged on the
canvas.
Finishing the story， Ethan’s grandfather said， “That day， I
realised that success is not defined by how perfect we are or how we
compare to others.It’s about embracing our unique talents， taking risks，
and expressing ourselves with passion and authenticity.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Inspired by his grandfather’s story， Ethan decided to give the
talent show his all.
Ethan didn’t win the talent show， but he felt like a winner deep
inside.
参考范文：
Inspired by his grandfather’s story， Ethan decided to give the talent
show his all. He practiced tirelessly and poured his heart into every
note.When the day of the talent show arrived， Ethan took a deep breath，
stepped on stage， and played his guitar like never before. The audience
was captivated by his performance. Ethan’s fingers danced on the strings，
creating melodies that touched their hearts.At that moment， he realised
that his self-doubts had held him back， but now he was free.
Ethan didn’t win the talent show， but he felt like a winner deep
inside.This experience taught him that winning or losing isn’t the most
important thing in our lives.What really matters is to believe in ourselves，
to embrace our passions， and to chase our dreams with all our
energy.Meanwhile， he realised that success is not always measured by
external recognition but by the joy and fulfillment we find in pursuing our
passions.Therefore， Ethan continued to play his guitar， inspiring others
with his music and reminding everyone that the true reward lies in the
journey itself.
谢谢观看！
