Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
维度一：基础题型练
1. we should help up a fallen old person or not remains a heated topic in China.
2. is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday.
3. will be in charge of the company is being discussed.
4. made her happy was that she won the first prize in such an important match.
5. wins the competition will receive a cash prize and a trophy.
6.It is still under discussion the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel.
7. I’m concerned about most is whether we can collect a huge amount of information in such a short time.
8. some students copied others’ homework made the teacher angry.
9.It is a great pity a famous host died of cancer at the age of fifty.
10. he will come back from Canada isn’t known， so I will call him up to check the exact time.
维度二：语法与写作
1.他们所做的事情深深地感动了我们，我们的泪水止不住地往下流。
，our tears rolling down without control.
2.更令人激动的是，你可以向这些专家学习并立刻创作自己的作品。
is that you can learn from these experts and create your own works immediately.
3.你是否成功取决于你努力的程度。
depends on how hard you work.
4.吃绿色蔬菜有助于增强体力，这一点已经得到证实。
eating green vegetables contributes to building up strength.
5.她在会上所说的话对公司的发展非常重要。
is of great importance to the development of the company.
6.我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。
It is not a problem ； it’s just a matter of time.
7.他们什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When they will start and where they will go .
8.你将要来中国是很长时间以来我听到的最好消息。
is the best news I have heard in a long time.
9.他突然想到他把手机落在了出租车上。
It suddenly occurred to him .
10.我们能够做的和应该做的就是要抓住机遇，加大创新投入。
is to seize opportunities， increase input in innovation.
维度三：语法与语篇
用适当的连接词完成下面短文。
It remains unknown 1. organic food is really better for people.I have searched long and it’s hard to find the answer.But I couldn’t find any scientific studies to prove or disprove 2. organic food is better.3. makes organic products popular is that they are free from the chemicals used on conventionally grown products.So， I turned my attention to these chemicals.Most reports claim 4. these chemicals， if handled properly and used in small amounts， are not dangerous to humans.Although pesticides can be beneficial to society， they can also pose risks to human health and the environment if they are improperly handled.5. children are easily harmed by pesticide exposure is widely accepted.The effects of exposure to pesticides include poisoning， eye damage and so on.
So， 6. I’ve found is that there is no evidence that these chemicals can cause serious health problems when handled properly.There is no evidence that they can’t either.In fact， it is true 7. we have to make our own decisions whether to buy organic food or not.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·南京高二下学期质检）When Marguerite Richards made a TikTok bragging （自夸） about her father’s decade-old thriller novel， she was hoping to arouse a little interest.A few dozen new readers， maybe.As the first few positive comments started rolling in， she was pleased to have done something nice for a dad who definitely deserved it.
She had no idea that， within a matter of days， millions of people would see her video， and her father’s book would rocket to the top of Amazon’s Best Seller list.
Lloyd Devereux Richards first published Stone Maidens in 2012.It’s a thriller about an FBI agent following a killer in Indiana and， by his daughter’s account， it’s quite attractive.However， the original release failed to drum up excitement.
It’s a different world now， and Richards， the daughter， decided to try her luck.“I saw how much time and effort and passion my dad put into his book.I know what a lovely storyteller he is，” she told CNN.“He never stopped writing， and he always stayed positive.”
Whether it was the interesting thriller， or the efforts of a proud daughter， the story of Lloyd Devereux Richards and Stone Maidens struck a chord.
Marguerite Richards posted the first TikTok about Stone Maidens about two weeks ago.It has since received 48 million views and numerous positive responses.Richards then posted more videos of her father， the author of the hour， delighting in his unexpected success.
This particular incident falls under a social media type best described as “Young people giving their elders love and recognition on a platform the latter doesn’t understand.” It’s a fruitful one， full of parents just like Lloyd Devereux Richards who wake up one morning to find their talents， hobbies or unusual habits have been broadcast to the world — and won them a great number of admirers.The experience has breathed new life into a labor of love.It’s also driven home some lessons about inspiration and determination.
1.What did Marguerite Richards do according to the text？
A.She helped her father to publish his novel.
B.She introduced her father on social media.
C.She wrote an interesting novel about her father.
D.She made a video to promote her father’s novel.
2.What do we learn about Stone Maidens？
A.It was an instant success.
B.It wasn’t interesting indeed.
C.It didn’t attract much attention at first.
D.It was written more than fifteen years ago.
3.What is the underlined phrase “struck a chord” in Paragraph 5 closest in meaning to？
A.Satisfied people’s needs.
B.Aroused people’s interest.
C.Made people feel confused.
D.Made people feel disappointed.
4.What do social media platforms mean to old people according to the last paragraph？
A.Great barriers.
B.Novel experiences.
C.Comfortable zones.
D.Unexpected surprises.
B
（2024·烟台高二下学期月考）New York City is slowly sinking.With the weight of its tall buildings， streets and people， the city is sinking at an average rate of 1 to 2 millimeters each year， a new study says.
The sinking is called “subsidence”.That natural process happens everywhere as ground is compressed （压缩）.More than 1 million buildings are spread across the city.The research team found that all those structures add up to about 1.5 trillion metric tons of concrete， metal and glass.That is equal to the mass of 4，700 Empire State buildings pressing down on the Earth.
The rate of compression is different throughout the city.Midtown Manhattan’s tall buildings， or skyscrapers， are largely built on rock， which compresses very little.But some parts of Brooklyn， Queens and downtown Manhattan are on looser soil and sinking faster， the study said.
“While the process is slow， parts of the city will eventually be under water，” said Tom Parsons， who is the lead researcher of the US Geological Survey.“Making the problem worse is rising sea level.The ground is going down， and the water’s coming up.At some point， those two levels will meet，” said Parsons.
It will take hundreds of years before New York becomes Venice.The city in Italy is famously sinking into the Adriatic Sea.But parts of New York are more at risk.Parsons said that Manhattan is at risk because of the large weight.The average elevation in the southern part of the island is only 1 or 2 meters above sea level — it is very close to the waterline， and so it is a deep concern.
The ocean is rising at a similar rate that the land is sinking， so the Earth’s changing climate could speed up the process for parts of the city to go under water.
“It doesn’t mean that we should stop building buildings ...，” Parsons said.“We need to point this out in advance and take preventive measures before it becomes a bigger problem.We can’t sit around and wait.”
5.Why does the author mention Empire State buildings in Paragraph 2？
A.To show sinking is a natural process.
B.To show sinking happens everywhere.
C.To show New York has many tall buildings.
D.To show New York is under great pressure.
6.What is worsening the situation according to Tom Parsons？
A.Rising sea level.
B.Being close to the sea.
C.Low average elevation.
D.Large weight on ground.
7.What’s Tom Parsons’s attitude to Manhattan？
A.Unclear. B.Worried.
C.Confident. D.Disappointed.
8.What’s the purpose of Tom Parsons’s words in the last paragraph？
A.To make a request.
B.To issue a warning.
C.To appeal for action.
D.To provide a solution.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·郑州高二上学期期末考试）The average American couple spends 132 hours a year deciding what to eat， new data reveals.The question “What should we eat？” can be a difficult one for every couple looking to satisfy their appetite.
According to a new survey of 2，000 people， 37 percent of couples regularly have a hard time agreeing on where to eat. 9 The question “What do you want to eat？” is asked 365 times a year （6.67 times a week for the average couple） — resulting in 2 hours and 32 minutes a week of discussing on what type of meal to eat.
About 11 percent say they never disagree on what type of food to have or when. 10 When they can’t come to an agreement， men are more likely to settle for whatever their partner wants， according to results. 11 About 46 percent of survey respondents say that’s the meal they debate about the most.
12 About a third （31 percent） say their partner frequently claims not to be hungry， then takes food from their plate.That may seem like no problem to most， but about 18 percent are annoyed about sharing food with their partner.
13 Most （69 percent） don’t like to keep going to the same familiar restaurant and are regularly interested in trying new places and different types of food.
A.Many couples choose to cook at home.
B.And just a few （13 percent） say this isn’t a problem.
C.Dinner proves to be the most controversial meal time.
D.And deciding on a meal is not the end of the food fight.
E.The average couple goes out to eat four times a month.
F.Actually， deciding where to eat isn’t a question for many couples.
G.But for the majority of survey takers， things don’t always work out so smoothly.
9. 10. 11.
12. 13.
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·湖州高二上学期期末考试）Anna Du grew up with a hunger for knowledge and a passion for making the Earth a better place.Now， at just 16 years old， she’s already making 14 contributions to help reduce microplastic pollution！
It all started when her parents would regularly get her 15 in after-school activities on weekends when she was just a child.Here， she learned all about the STEM industry and discovered she is good at 16 great ideas and putting them into practice.
Growing up， she used her 17 to enter all kinds of science fairs and competitions， 18 herself the title of top-rated female middle schooler in science fairs in the country.One of her biggest 19 ， however， has to be the remote-operated vehicle （ROV）.
20 by the Curiosity lander that investigates the surface of Mars， Anna made a 21 version out of PVC pipes.But rather than being built for 22 ， hers was built with propellers to move through water， something that’s badly needed to scan the ocean floors.
Most 23 ， with an infrared （红外线的） camera and three different kinds of light， the ROV is able to 24 between plastics and plant life.
“My most recent work that I’ve done is I’ve 25 a robot that uses artificial intelligence in order to actually predict where the microplastics are 26 ，” Anna said.
With 8 million tons of plastic being dumped into the ocean annually， the work Anna is doing has the 27 to greatly improve the conditions of our waters and， in turn， our 28 of life.
14.A.formal B.serious
C.incredible D.regular
15.A.remained B.devoted
C.involved D.caught
16.A.coming up with B.making use of
C.looking up to D.running out of
17.A.hobbies B.talents
C.titles D.scores
18.A.offering B.giving
C.leaving D.earning
19.A.contributions B.moments
C.experiences D.opportunities
20.A.Moved B.Affected
C.Changed D.Inspired
21.A.similar B.normal
C.basic D.typical
22.A.nature B.space
C.land D.ocean
23.A.hopefully B.strangely
C.importantly D.commonly
24.A.decide B.distinguish
C.separate D.predict
25.A.imagined B.achieved
C.realised D.created
26.A.produced B.contained
C.developed D.located
27.A.potential B.ability C.chance D.fortune
28.A.concept B.attitude C.quality D.position
Ⅳ.语法填空
Although campuses 29 （encourage） to lift pandemic-related restrictions on public access more than a year ago， some universities still have limits in place while others have thrown their gates open to the public.
The different approaches to campus access have sparked fierce online debate， 30 many arguing that universities have a responsibility to interact with the public and share their facilities.However， other netizens believe some controls are necessary 31 （ensure） the smooth running and security of the institutions.
Xiong Bingqi， director of the 21st Century Education Research Institute， said a “ 32 （suit） degree of openness” should be balanced with maintaining 33 healthy learning environment and the orderly operations of universities.
Although the majority of public opinion seems to support opening public access to university campuses， some people are worried about order and management 34 （issue）.Concerns have also been raised 35 “scalpers （黄牛）” might turn limited entry into a “business”， which could pose a threat to campus security.
Many supporters of fully reopening campuses often compare the situation in China with Western countries 36 most universities are described as having no walls or gates.
Xiong said although the public has free access to some universities in the United States and European countries， the degree of openness 37 （vary） according to the circumstances.
While institutions allow visitors to enter their campuses， restrictions remain on getting into teaching buildings and facilities such as libraries and laboratories.An entry card is usually needed to gain access to these places， 38 （strike） a balance between an open campus and maintaining orderly education.
29. 30. 31.
32. 33. 34.
35. 36. 37.
38.
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.Whether 2.It 3.Who 4.What 5.Whoever
6.whether 7.What 8.That 9.that 10.When
维度二
1.What they had done deeply moved us
2.What is more exciting
3.Whether you can succeed or not
4.It has been proved that
5.What she said at the meeting
6.whether we can win the battle
7.have not been decided yet
8.That you are coming to China
9.that he had left his mobile on the taxi
10.What we can and should do
维度三
1.whether 2.that 3.What 4.that 5.That 6.what 7.that
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。当身为女儿的Marguerite Richards将父亲十多年前出版的小说发布到抖音平台时，她收获了意想不到的巨大成功。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知，Marguerite Richards将一段关于自己父亲小说的视频上传到抖音平台，结果获得了非常热烈的反响。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Stone Maidens这部小说是Marguerite Richards的父亲于2012年出版的，情节很吸引人，但是刚开始没有获得太多的关注。
3.B 词义猜测题。根据下文可知，Marguerite Richards所发布的视频已获得4，800万次观看和无数的好评，可见她的视频内容“引起了广大网友的共鸣和兴趣”。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为，Marguerite Richards通过抖音平台将父亲变身为畅销书作家这一事件，一方面表达了年轻人对老年人的关爱，另一方面表明社交媒体可以给老年人带来意想不到的惊喜。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，由于高层建筑、街道和人口的重量，纽约市正以平均每年1到2毫米的速度下沉。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，在纽约市有100多万幢建筑遍布整个城市，所有这些建筑加起来大约有1.5万亿公吨的混凝土、金属和玻璃，这相当于4，700座帝国大厦压在地球上。由此可知，作者提到帝国大厦是在说明纽约市地面承受了巨大的压力。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Tom Parsons认为，让目前形势进一步恶化的是海平面的上升。
7.B 观点态度题。根据第五段可知，Tom Parsons认为，曼哈顿岛南部的平均海拔高度仅高于海平面1或2米，非常接近吃水线，因此令人深感担忧。
8.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Tom Parsons强调：我们需要先认识到问题所在并采取措施防患于未然，不能坐以待毙。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项数据显示，一对美国夫妇每年平均花费132小时讨论该吃什么饭。
9.B 根据上下文可知，这里在介绍该调查的一些具体数据，故B项符合语境。
10.G 上句告诉我们：有11％的夫妇声称从来不会遇到这方面的分歧，而G项指出对大部分接受调查者而言，这的确是一个大问题。
11.C 下文的that’s the meal暗示上句提到了“一餐饭”，故C项符合语境。
12.D 下文介绍了关于吃饭问题美国夫妇之间发生的另一种冲突，故D项符合语境。
13.E 根据下文可知，本段主要介绍美国夫妇外出就餐的情况，故E项符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Anna Du带着对知识的渴望和让地球变得更美好的热情长大。现在，年仅16岁的她已经为减少微塑料污染做出了了不起的贡献！
14.C 根据下文可知，Anna Du已经有一些很棒的发明，对社会做出了很多了不起的贡献。incredible不可思议的；了不起的。
15.C Anna Du对社会的贡献源于她父母经常让她参与的课外活动。be involved in参与。
16.A 根据下文putting them into practice可知，她善于想出好点子。come up with想出。
17.B 长大后，Anna Du利用自己的才能参加了各种科学展览和竞赛，赢得了“全国科学展览优秀女中学生”的称号。
18.D 参见上题解析。
19.A 下文的the remote-operated vehicle是Anna Du所做出的重大发明和贡献之一。
20.D 下文的the Curiosity lander是一种火星探测器，受到此探测器的启发，Anna Du做出了新发明。
21.A Anna Du用PVC管做出了一个类似的版本。下文的But暗示她的发明跟火星探测器既有类似之处，又有很大的不同。
22.B 上文提到的火星探测器是用于太空的，但她的发明不是用于太空的，而是用螺旋桨在水中移动，这是扫描海底所急需的。
23.C 最重要的是，通过一个红外线摄像机和三种不同的光源，ROV能够区分塑料和海底植物。
24.B 参见上题解析。distinguish between ...and ...是一个固定表达，表示“区分……与……”。
25.D 下文提到的机器人是Anna Du创造的另一个发明。
26.D 这个机器人可以利用人工智能来预测微塑料的位置。第一段指出Anna Du的发明就是为了清除海里的微塑料，所以要先确定微塑料的位置。
27.A 作者认为，Anna Du所做的工作有可能极大地改善我们的水域条件，进而改善我们的生活质量。potential潜在的可能性。
28.C 参见上题解析。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。大学校园是否应该对外开放，人们对此有不同的意见。
29.were encouraged 考查动词的时态和语态。本句时间状语为a year ago，且表示大学校园被鼓励解除进入校园的限制，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态。
30.with 考查介词。这里是“with＋名词/代词＋动词-ing形式”构成的with复合结构，表示一种补充说明或伴随情况。
31.to ensure 考查非谓语动词。这里表示大学校园需要一些管控措施的目的是确保机构的正常运行和安全，因此应用动词不定式短语作目的状语。
32.suitable 考查词形转换。本空后面的degree是一个名词，因此应用形容词来作其定语。
33.a 考查冠词。a healthy learning environment表示“一个健康的学习环境”。
34.issues 考查名词复数。根据语境可知，这里指“各种秩序与管理问题”，应用可数名词issue的复数形式。
35.that 考查同位语从句。本空后面的“scalpers （黄牛）” might turn limited entry into a “business”是前面名词Concerns的具体内容，因此应用that引导一个同位语从句。
36.where 考查定语从句。本空前的先行词Western countries表示地点，且引导后面定语从句的关系词在从句中作状语，因此应用关系副词where。
37.varies 考查动词的时态。根据上文although the public has free access to some universities可知，这里应用一般现在时。
38.striking 考查非谓语动词。本句逗号前面是一个意义相对完整的句子，逗号后面部分是一种补充说明，且表示主动概念，因此应用动词-ing形式作状语。
1 / 3Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
主语从句
1.However， what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
2.How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.
3.However， whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
4.Today， it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains ...
5.What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.
【我的发现】
1.以上黑体部分均在句中作 。
2.句1和句5中的what在从句中作 。
3.句3中的whether意为“ ”。
4.句4中的it是 ，真正的主语是后面的 引导的从句。
5.句2中的how在从句中作 。
一、主语从句的定义
在主从复合句中用作主语的从句叫作主语从句。
Every year， whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
每年，谁做的风筝最漂亮，谁就会在风筝节上获奖。
It worried the mother that her son was always playing computer games.
儿子总是玩电脑游戏，这位母亲对此很担心。
二、主语从句的引导词
1.连词that和whether
（1）that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。
That we should develop a healthy lifestyle is crucial.
我们应该养成健康的生活方式，这很重要。
（2）whether在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。
Whether the plan will be carried out is still unknown.
＝It is still unknown whether the plan will be carried out.
这个计划是否会实施还不知道。
名师点津
whether引导主语从句时，既可直接位于句首，也可以位于句末。
【即时演练1】 完成句子
①她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。
made us very happy.
②她来不来都关系不大。
doesn’t matter too much.
2.连接代词（who、 whom、 whose、 what、 which、 whatever、 whichever、 whoever、 whomever等）
连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
Who will win the game is difficult to guess， because the two players are equal with each other.
谁会赢得比赛很难猜测，因为这两位选手平分秋色。
Whoever shows great interest in cycling is qualified to participate in the competition.
无论谁对骑行感兴趣都有资格参加比赛。
Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.
你在业余时间做任何事情都不应该伤害其他人。
名师点津
who 引导的主语从句表示一件“事情”，而whoever引导的主语从句指“人”。
3.连接副词（when、 where、 why、 how等）
连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
延迟的航班什么时候起飞主要取决于天气状况。
Where I spend my summer vacation is none of your business.
我在哪里度暑假不关你的事。
【即时演练2】 用适当的连接词填空
①For example， breaks the traffic rules should be punished.
② people cut down too many trees destroyed the balance of nature.
③ part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.
④Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain， but it was probably around 1565.
⑤In my opinion， benefits students most is reading English books， for it can help students gain a deeper understanding of English.
三、it作形式主语的主语从句
为了避免主语显得过长，尤其是陈述句作主语从句时，可以用it作句子的形式主语，把主语从句移到句子的末尾。it作形式主语时常用于以下句型：
句型 说明
It＋系动词＋形容词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的形容词有important、 （un）likely、 possible、 wrong、 natural、 necessary等
It＋系动词＋名词（短语）＋主语从句 常用于此句型的名词（短语）有a fact、 an idea、 an honour、 a wonder、 no wonder、 a pity等
It＋系动词＋过去分词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的过去分词有known、 believed、 proved、 said、 decided、 suggested、 thought等
It＋不及物动词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的不及物动词有appear、 happen、 seem、 occur、 matter等
It is very important that students （should） learn English well.
学生们学好英语很重要。
It is suggested that the meeting （should） be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
It depends on the weather whether they are going shopping today.
他们今天是否去购物还得看天气情况。
For example， it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world.
举例来说，中国人口比世界上其他任何国家的人口都多，这是可以得到证实的。
It is no wonder that your students have made such great progress.
难怪你的学生们进步这么大。
【即时演练3】 句型转换
①That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us.
→ he suddenly fell ill last month.
②Whether they will sell the house hasn’t been decided yet.
→ they will sell the house.
③That English is the most widely used language in the world is known to all.
→ that English is the most widely used language in the world.
四、主语从句的语序和时态问题
1.主语从句和其他名词性从句一样必须使用陈述语序，尤其是当主语从句是疑问词引导的时候，主语从句的语序仍须使用陈述语序。
Who/Whom he will go to Beijing with remains unknown.
他将和谁一起去北京还不知道。
2.主语从句的时态需要根据具体语境来确定，尤其是当when引导主语从句的时候，有些同学会和when引导的时间状语从句混淆而误用现在时表将来。
When he will come back is still unclear.
他什么时候回来还不清楚。
【即时演练4】 单句语法填空
①What surprised me most （be） that he failed in the exam which was very easy.
②It has been found plastics can be widely used in industries.
③When and where the meeting will be held （decide） already.
五、主语从句作主语时谓语动词的单复数
主语从句作主语相当于名词，和非谓语动词的动词-ing形式或者动词不定式作主语一样看作单数，句子谓语应该使用第三人称单数形式。what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词可用复数形式。
That you don’t like him is none of my business.
你不喜欢他不关我的事。
What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
医生们真正怀疑的是我妈妈是否不久就能从这场重病中恢复过来。
What are often regarded as poisonous fungi are sometimes safely edible.
通常被认为有毒的真菌有时可以安全食用。
【即时演练5】 单句语法填空
①Whether it will do us harm or good （remain） to be seen.
②What are used as chief building materials today （be） steel and concrete.
③What makes it different from others （be） that the vegetables here are grown without any chemical fertiliser.
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.主语 2.主语 3.是否 4.形式主语 that 5.状语
即时演练1
①That she could come to help us
②Whether she comes or not
即时演练2
①whoever ②That ③Which ④when ⑤what
即时演练3
①It surprised us that ②It hasn’t been decided yet whether ③It is known to all
即时演练4
①was ②that ③has been decided
即时演练5
①remains ②are ③is
1 / 3(共78张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Learning About Language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
主语从句
1. However， what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor
harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
2. How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.
3. However， whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-
pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
4. Today， it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice
consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s
hybrid strains ...
5. What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing
ability to fulfil his dreams.
【我的发现】
1. 以上黑体部分均在句中作 。
2. 句1和句5中的what在从句中作 。
3. 句3中的whether意为“ ”。
4. 句4中的it是 ，真正的主语是后面的 引导
的从句。
5. 句2中的how在从句中作 。
主语
主语
是否
形式主语
that
状语
一、主语从句的定义
在主从复合句中用作主语的从句叫作主语从句。
Every year， whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the
Kite Festival.
每年，谁做的风筝最漂亮，谁就会在风筝节上获奖。
It worried the mother that her son was always playing computer games.
儿子总是玩电脑游戏，这位母亲对此很担心。
二、主语从句的引导词
1. 连词that和whether
（1）that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连
接作用，但不可省略。
That we should develop a healthy lifestyle is crucial.
我们应该养成健康的生活方式，这很重要。
（2）whether在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为
“是否”，不可省略。
Whether the plan will be carried out is still unknown.
＝It is still unknown whether the plan will be carried out.
这个计划是否会实施还不知道。
名师点津
whether引导主语从句时，既可直接位于句首，也可以位于句末。
【即时演练1】 完成句子
①她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。
made us very happy.
②她来不来都关系不大。
doesn’t matter too much.
That she could come to help us
Whether she comes or not
2. 连接代词（who、 whom、 whose、 what、 which、 whatever、
whichever、 whoever、 whomever等）
连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或
定语。
Who will win the game is difficult to guess， because the two players
are equal with each other.
谁会赢得比赛很难猜测，因为这两位选手平分秋色。
Whoever shows great interest in cycling is qualified to participate in
the competition.
无论谁对骑行感兴趣都有资格参加比赛。
Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.
你在业余时间做任何事情都不应该伤害其他人。
名师点津
who 引导的主语从句表示一件“事情”，而whoever引导的主语
从句指“人”。
3. 连接副词（when、 where、 why、 how等）
连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
延迟的航班什么时候起飞主要取决于天气状况。
Where I spend my summer vacation is none of your business.
我在哪里度暑假不关你的事。
【即时演练2】 用适当的连接词填空
①For example， breaks the traffic rules should be punished.
② people cut down too many trees destroyed the balance of
nature.
③ part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.
④Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，
but it was probably around 1565.
⑤In my opinion， benefits students most is reading English
books， for it can help students gain a deeper understanding of English.
whoever
That
Which
when
what
三、it作形式主语的主语从句
为了避免主语显得过长，尤其是陈述句作主语从句时，可以用it作句
子的形式主语，把主语从句移到句子的末尾。it作形式主语时常用于
以下句型：
句型 说明
It＋系动词＋形容词＋主
语从句 常用于此句型的形容词有important、
（un）likely、 possible、 wrong、
natural、 necessary等
句型 说明
It＋系动词＋名词（短
语）＋主语从句 常用于此句型的名词（短语）有a fact、
an idea、 an honour、 a wonder、 no
wonder、 a pity等
It＋系动词＋过去分词＋
主语从句 常用于此句型的过去分词有known、
believed、 proved、 said、 decided、
suggested、 thought等
It＋不及物动词＋主语从
句 常用于此句型的不及物动词有appear、
happen、 seem、 occur、 matter等
It is very important that students （should） learn English well.
学生们学好英语很重要。
It is suggested that the meeting （should） be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
It depends on the weather whether they are going shopping today.
他们今天是否去购物还得看天气情况。
For example， it can be proved that China has more people than any other
country in the world.
举例来说，中国人口比世界上其他任何国家的人口都多，这是可以得
到证实的。
It is no wonder that your students have made such great progress.
难怪你的学生们进步这么大。
【即时演练3】 句型转换
①That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us.
→ he suddenly fell ill last month.
②Whether they will sell the house hasn’t been decided yet.
→ they will sell the house.
③That English is the most widely used language in the world is known to
all.
→ that English is the most widely used language in
the world.
It surprised us that
It hasn’t been decided yet whether
It is known to all
四、主语从句的语序和时态问题
1. 主语从句和其他名词性从句一样必须使用陈述语序，尤其是当主语
从句是疑问词引导的时候，主语从句的语序仍须使用陈述语序。
Who/Whom he will go to Beijing with remains unknown.
他将和谁一起去北京还不知道。
2. 主语从句的时态需要根据具体语境来确定，尤其是当when引导主语
从句的时候，有些同学会和when引导的时间状语从句混淆而误用现
在时表将来。
When he will come back is still unclear.
他什么时候回来还不清楚。
【即时演练4】 单句语法填空
①What surprised me most （be） that he failed in the exam
which was very easy.
②It has been found plastics can be widely used in industries.
③When and where the meeting will be held
（decide） already.
was
that
has been decided
五、主语从句作主语时谓语动词的单复数
主语从句作主语相当于名词，和非谓语动词的动词-ing形式或者动词
不定式作主语一样看作单数，句子谓语应该使用第三人称单数形式。
what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复
数意义时，谓语动词可用复数形式。
That you don’t like him is none of my business.
你不喜欢他不关我的事。
What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the
serious disease soon.
医生们真正怀疑的是我妈妈是否不久就能从这场重病中恢复过来。
What are often regarded as poisonous fungi are sometimes safely edible.
通常被认为有毒的真菌有时可以安全食用。
【即时演练5】 单句语法填空
①Whether it will do us harm or good （remain） to be seen.
②What are used as chief building materials today （be） steel
and concrete.
③What makes it different from others （be） that the vegetables
here are grown without any chemical fertiliser.
remains
are
is
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
2
维度一：基础题型练
1. we should help up a fallen old person or not remains a
heated topic in China.
2. is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday.
3. will be in charge of the company is being discussed.
4. made her happy was that she won the first prize in such an
important match.
Whether
It
Who
What
5. wins the competition will receive a cash prize and a
trophy.
6. It is still under discussion the old bus station should be
replaced with a modern hotel.
7. I’m concerned about most is whether we can collect a huge
amount of information in such a short time.
8. some students copied others’ homework made the teacher
angry.
9. It is a great pity a famous host died of cancer at the age of fifty.
10. he will come back from Canada isn’t known， so I will call
him up to check the exact time.
Whoever
whether
What
That
that
When
维度二：语法与写作
1. 他们所做的事情深深地感动了我们，我们的泪水止不住地往下流。
，our tears rolling down
without control.
2. 更令人激动的是，你可以向这些专家学习并立刻创作自己的作品。
is that you can learn from these experts and
create your own works immediately.
3. 你是否成功取决于你努力的程度。
depends on how hard you work.
What they had done deeply moved us
What is more exciting
Whether you can succeed or not
4. 吃绿色蔬菜有助于增强体力，这一点已经得到证实。
eating green vegetables contributes to
building up strength.
5. 她在会上所说的话对公司的发展非常重要。
is of great importance to the
development of the company.
6. 我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。
It is not a problem ； it’s just a matter
of time.
It has been proved that
What she said at the meeting
whether we can win the battle
7. 他们什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When they will start and where they will go
.
8. 你将要来中国是很长时间以来我听到的最好消息。
is the best news I have heard in a
long time.
9. 他突然想到他把手机落在了出租车上。
It suddenly occurred to him .
have not been decided
yet
That you are coming to China
that he had left his mobile on the taxi
10. 我们能够做的和应该做的就是要抓住机遇，加大创新投入。
is to seize opportunities， increase
input in innovation.
What we can and should do
维度三：语法与语篇
用适当的连接词完成下面短文。
It remains unknown 1. organic food is really better for
people.I have searched long and it’s hard to find the answer.But I couldn’t
find any scientific studies to prove or disprove 2. organic food is
better.3.
whether
that
makes organic products popular is that they are free from the
chemicals used on conventionally grown products.So， I turned my
attention to these chemicals.Most reports claim 4. these chemicals，
if handled properly and used in small amounts， are not dangerous to
humans.Although pesticides can be beneficial to society， they can also
pose risks to human health and the environment if they are improperly
handled.5. children are easily harmed by pesticide exposure is
widely accepted.The effects of exposure to pesticides include poisoning，
eye damage and so on.
What
that
That
So， 6. I’ve found is that there is no evidence that these
chemicals can cause serious health problems when handled properly.There
is no evidence that they can’t either.In fact， it is true 7. we have
to make our own decisions whether to buy organic food or not.
what
that
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·南京高二下学期质检）When Marguerite Richards made a
TikTok bragging （自夸） about her father’s decade-old thriller novel，
she was hoping to arouse a little interest.A few dozen new readers，
maybe.As the first few positive comments started rolling in， she was
pleased to have done something nice for a dad who definitely deserved it.
She had no idea that， within a matter of days， millions of people
would see her video， and her father’s book would rocket to the top of
Amazon’s Best Seller list.
Lloyd Devereux Richards first published Stone Maidens in 2012.It’s a
thriller about an FBI agent following a killer in Indiana and， by his
daughter’s account， it’s quite attractive.However， the original release
failed to drum up excitement.
It’s a different world now， and Richards， the daughter， decided
to try her luck.“I saw how much time and effort and passion my dad put
into his book.I know what a lovely storyteller he is，” she told CNN.
“He never stopped writing， and he always stayed positive.”
Whether it was the interesting thriller， or the efforts of a proud
daughter， the story of Lloyd Devereux Richards and Stone Maidens
struck a chord.
Marguerite Richards posted the first TikTok about Stone Maidens
about two weeks ago.It has since received 48 million views and numerous
positive responses.Richards then posted more videos of her father， the
author of the hour， delighting in his unexpected success.
This particular incident falls under a social media type best described
as “Young people giving their elders love and recognition on a platform
the latter doesn’t understand.” It’s a fruitful one， full of parents just like
Lloyd Devereux Richards who wake up one morning to find their talents，
hobbies or unusual habits have been broadcast to the world — and won
them a great number of admirers.The experience has breathed new life into
a labor of love.It’s also driven home some lessons about inspiration and
determination.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。当身为女儿的Marguerite Richards将
父亲十多年前出版的小说发布到抖音平台时，她收获了意想不到的
巨大成功。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。当身为女儿的Marguerite Richards将
父亲十多年前出版的小说发布到抖音平台时，她收获了意想不到的
巨大成功。
1. What did Marguerite Richards do according to the text？
A. She helped her father to publish his novel.
B. She introduced her father on social media.
C. She wrote an interesting novel about her father.
D. She made a video to promote her father’s novel.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知，Marguerite Richards
将一段关于自己父亲小说的视频上传到抖音平台，结果获得了非常
热烈的反响。
2. What do we learn about Stone Maidens？
A. It was an instant success.
B. It wasn’t interesting indeed.
C. It didn’t attract much attention at first.
D. It was written more than fifteen years ago.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Stone Maidens这部小说
是Marguerite Richards的父亲于2012年出版的，情节很吸引人，但是
刚开始没有获得太多的关注。
3. What is the underlined phrase “struck a chord” in Paragraph 5 closest
in meaning to？
A. Satisfied people’s needs.
B. Aroused people’s interest.
C. Made people feel confused.
D. Made people feel disappointed.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据下文可知，Marguerite Richards所发布
的视频已获得4，800万次观看和无数的好评，可见她的视频内容
“引起了广大网友的共鸣和兴趣”。
4. What do social media platforms mean to old people according to the last
paragraph？
A. Great barriers. B. Novel experiences.
C. Comfortable zones. D. Unexpected surprises.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为，Marguerite
Richards通过抖音平台将父亲变身为畅销书作家这一事件，一方面
表达了年轻人对老年人的关爱，另一方面表明社交媒体可以给老年
人带来意想不到的惊喜。
B
（2024·烟台高二下学期月考）New York City is slowly
sinking.With the weight of its tall buildings， streets and people， the city
is sinking at an average rate of 1 to 2 millimeters each year， a new study
says.
The sinking is called “subsidence”.That natural process happens
everywhere as ground is compressed （压缩）.More than 1 million
buildings are spread across the city.The research team found that all those
structures add up to about 1.5 trillion metric tons of concrete， metal and
glass.That is equal to the mass of 4，700 Empire State buildings pressing
down on the Earth.
The rate of compression is different throughout the city.Midtown
Manhattan’s tall buildings， or skyscrapers， are largely built on rock，
which compresses very little.But some parts of Brooklyn， Queens and
downtown Manhattan are on looser soil and sinking faster， the study said.
“While the process is slow， parts of the city will eventually be
under water，” said Tom Parsons， who is the lead researcher of the US
Geological Survey.“Making the problem worse is rising sea level.The
ground is going down， and the water’s coming up.At some point， those
two levels will meet，” said Parsons.
It will take hundreds of years before New York becomes Venice.The
city in Italy is famously sinking into the Adriatic Sea.But parts of New
York are more at risk.Parsons said that Manhattan is at risk because of the
large weight.The average elevation in the southern part of the island is only
1 or 2 meters above sea level — it is very close to the waterline， and so it
is a deep concern.
The ocean is rising at a similar rate that the land is sinking， so the
Earth’s changing climate could speed up the process for parts of the city to
go under water.
“It doesn’t mean that we should stop building buildings ...，”
Parsons said.“We need to point this out in advance and take preventive
measures before it becomes a bigger problem.We can’t sit around and
wait.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，由于高层建筑、
街道和人口的重量，纽约市正以平均每年1到2毫米的速度下沉。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，由于高层建筑、
街道和人口的重量，纽约市正以平均每年1到2毫米的速度下沉。
5. Why does the author mention Empire State buildings in Paragraph 2？
A. To show sinking is a natural process.
B. To show sinking happens everywhere.
C. To show New York has many tall buildings.
D. To show New York is under great pressure.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，在纽约市有100多万幢建
筑遍布整个城市，所有这些建筑加起来大约有1.5万亿公吨的混凝
土、金属和玻璃，这相当于4，700座帝国大厦压在地球上。由此可
知，作者提到帝国大厦是在说明纽约市地面承受了巨大的压力。
6. What is worsening the situation according to Tom Parsons？
A. Rising sea level.
B. Being close to the sea.
C. Low average elevation.
D. Large weight on ground.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Tom Parsons认为，让目
前形势进一步恶化的是海平面的上升。
7. What’s Tom Parsons’s attitude to Manhattan？
A. Unclear. B. Worried.
C. Confident. D. Disappointed.
解析： 观点态度题。根据第五段可知，Tom Parsons认为，曼哈
顿岛南部的平均海拔高度仅高于海平面1或2米，非常接近吃水线，
因此令人深感担忧。
8. What’s the purpose of Tom Parsons’s words in the last paragraph？
A. To make a request.
B. To issue a warning.
C. To appeal for action.
D. To provide a solution.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Tom Parsons强调：我
们需要先认识到问题所在并采取措施防患于未然，不能坐以待毙。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·郑州高二上学期期末考试）The average American couple
spends 132 hours a year deciding what to eat， new data reveals.The
question “What should we eat？” can be a difficult one for every couple
looking to satisfy their appetite.
According to a new survey of 2，000 people， 37 percent of couples
regularly have a hard time agreeing on where to eat. 9 The question
“What do you want to eat？” is asked 365 times a year （6.67 times a
week for the average couple） — resulting in 2 hours and 32 minutes a
week of discussing on what type of meal to eat.
About 11 percent say they never disagree on what type of food to have
or when. 10 When they can’t come to an agreement， men are more
likely to settle for whatever their partner wants， according to
results. 11 About 46 percent of survey respondents say that’s the meal
they debate about the most.
12 About a third （31 percent） say their partner frequently
claims not to be hungry， then takes food from their plate.That may seem
like no problem to most， but about 18 percent are annoyed about sharing
food with their partner.
13 Most （69 percent） don’t like to keep going to the same
familiar restaurant and are regularly interested in trying new places and
different types of food.
A. Many couples choose to cook at home.
B. And just a few （13 percent） say this isn’t a problem.
C. Dinner proves to be the most controversial meal time.
D. And deciding on a meal is not the end of the food fight.
E. The average couple goes out to eat four times a month.
F. Actually， deciding where to eat isn’t a question for many couples.
G. But for the majority of survey takers， things don’t always work out so
smoothly.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项数据显示，一对美国夫妇每年
平均花费132小时讨论该吃什么饭。
9. B 根据上下文可知，这里在介绍该调查的一些具体数据，故B项
符合语境。
10. G 上句告诉我们：有11％的夫妇声称从来不会遇到这方面的分
歧，而G项指出对大部分接受调查者而言，这的确是一个大问题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项数据显示，一对美国夫妇每年
平均花费132小时讨论该吃什么饭。
11. C 下文的that’s the meal暗示上句提到了“一餐饭”，故C项符合
语境。
12. D 下文介绍了关于吃饭问题美国夫妇之间发生的另一种冲突，故
D项符合语境。
13. E 根据下文可知，本段主要介绍美国夫妇外出就餐的情况，故E
项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·湖州高二上学期期末考试）Anna Du grew up with a hunger
for knowledge and a passion for making the Earth a better place.Now， at
just 16 years old， she’s already making 14 contributions to help
reduce microplastic pollution！
It all started when her parents would regularly get her 15 in after-
school activities on weekends when she was just a child.Here， she
learned all about the STEM industry and discovered she is good at 16
great ideas and putting them into practice.
Growing up， she used her 17 to enter all kinds of science fairs
and competitions， 18 herself the title of top-rated female middle
schooler in science fairs in the country.One of her biggest 19 ，
however， has to be the remote-operated vehicle （ROV）.
20 by the Curiosity lander that investigates the surface of Mars，
Anna made a 21 version out of PVC pipes.But rather than being built
for 22 ， hers was built with propellers to move through water，
something that’s badly needed to scan the ocean floors.
Most 23 ， with an infrared （红外线的） camera and three
different kinds of light， the ROV is able to 24 between plastics and
plant life.
“My most recent work that I’ve done is I’ve 25 a robot that uses
artificial intelligence in order to actually predict where the microplastics
are 26 ，” Anna said.
With 8 million tons of plastic being dumped into the ocean annually，
the work Anna is doing has the 27 to greatly improve the conditions of
our waters and， in turn， our 28 of life.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Anna Du带着对知识的渴望和让地球
变得更美好的热情长大。现在，年仅16岁的她已经为减少微塑料污
染做出了了不起的贡献！
14. A. formal B. serious
C. incredible D. regular
解析： 根据下文可知，Anna Du已经有一些很棒的发明，对社
会做出了很多了不起的贡献。incredible不可思议的；了不起的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Anna Du带着对知识的渴望和让地球
变得更美好的热情长大。现在，年仅16岁的她已经为减少微塑料污
染做出了了不起的贡献！
15. A. remained B. devoted
C. involved D. caught
解析： Anna Du对社会的贡献源于她父母经常让她参与的课外
活动。be involved in参与。
16. A. coming up with B. making use of
C. looking up to D. running out of
解析： 根据下文putting them into practice可知，她善于想出好
点子。come up with想出。
17. A. hobbies B. talents C. titles D. scores
解析： 长大后，Anna Du利用自己的才能参加了各种科学展览
和竞赛，赢得了“全国科学展览优秀女中学生”的称号。
18. A. offering B. giving
C. leaving D. earning
解析： 参见上题解析。
19. A. contributions B. moments
C. experiences D. opportunities
解析： 下文的the remote-operated vehicle是Anna Du所做出的重
大发明和贡献之一。
20. A. Moved B. Affected
C. Changed D. Inspired
解析： 下文的the Curiosity lander是一种火星探测器，受到此探
测器的启发，Anna Du做出了新发明。
21. A. similar B. normal C. basic D. typical
解析： Anna Du用PVC管做出了一个类似的版本。下文的But暗
示她的发明跟火星探测器既有类似之处，又有很大的不同。
22. A. nature B. space C. land D. ocean
解析： 上文提到的火星探测器是用于太空的，但她的发明
不是用于太空的，而是用螺旋桨在水中移动，这是扫描海底所
急需的。
23. A. hopefully B. strangely
C. importantly D. commonly
解析： 最重要的是，通过一个红外线摄像机和三种不同的光
源，ROV能够区分塑料和海底植物。
24. A. decide B. distinguish
C. separate D. predict
解析： 参见上题解析。distinguish between ...and ...是一个固定
表达，表示“区分……与……”。
25. A. imagined B. achieved
C. realised D. created
解析： 下文提到的机器人是Anna Du创造的另一个发明。
26. A. produced B. contained
C. developed D. located
解析： 这个机器人可以利用人工智能来预测微塑料的位置。第
一段指出Anna Du的发明就是为了清除海里的微塑料，所以要先确
定微塑料的位置。
27. A. potential B. ability
C. chance D. fortune
解析： 作者认为，Anna Du所做的工作有可能极大地改善我们
的水域条件，进而改善我们的生活质量。potential潜在的可能性。
28. A. concept B. attitude
C. quality D. position
解析： 参见上题解析。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Although campuses 29 （encourage） to lift pandemic-related
restrictions on public access more than a year ago， some universities still
have limits in place while others have thrown their gates open to the
public.
The different approaches to campus access have sparked fierce online
debate， 30 many arguing that universities have a responsibility to
interact with the public and share their facilities.However， other netizens
believe some controls are necessary 31 （ensure） the smooth
running and security of the institutions.
Xiong Bingqi， director of the 21st Century Education Research
Institute， said a “ 32 （suit） degree of openness” should be
balanced with maintaining 33 healthy learning environment and the
orderly operations of universities.
Although the majority of public opinion seems to support opening
public access to university campuses， some people are worried about
order and management 34 （issue）.Concerns have also been
raised 35 “scalpers （黄牛）” might turn limited entry into a
“business”， which could pose a threat to campus security.
Many supporters of fully reopening campuses often compare the
situation in China with Western countries 36 most universities are
described as having no walls or gates.
Xiong said although the public has free access to some universities in
the United States and European countries， the degree of openness 37
（vary） according to the circumstances.
While institutions allow visitors to enter their campuses， restrictions
remain on getting into teaching buildings and facilities such as libraries and
laboratories.An entry card is usually needed to gain access to these
places， 38 （strike） a balance between an open campus and
maintaining orderly education.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。大学校园是否应该对外开放，人们
对此有不同的意见。
29. were encouraged 考查动词的时态和语态。本句时间状语为a year
ago，且表示大学校园被鼓励解除进入校园的限制，因此应用一般过
去时的被动语态。
30. with 考查介词。这里是“with＋名词/代词＋动词-ing形式”构成
的with复合结构，表示一种补充说明或伴随情况。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。大学校园是否应该对外开放，人们
对此有不同的意见。
31. to ensure 考查非谓语动词。这里表示大学校园需要一些管控措施
的目的是确保机构的正常运行和安全，因此应用动词不定式短语作目
的状语。
32. suitable 考查词形转换。本空后面的degree是一个名词，因此应用
形容词来作其定语。
33. a 考查冠词。a healthy learning environment表示“一个健康的学
习环境”。
34. issues 考查名词复数。根据语境可知，这里指“各种秩序与管理
问题”，应用可数名词issue的复数形式。
35. that 考查同位语从句。本空后面的“scalpers （黄牛）” might
turn limited entry into a “business”是前面名词Concerns的具体内容，
因此应用that引导一个同位语从句。
36. where 考查定语从句。本空前的先行词Western countries表示地
点，且引导后面定语从句的关系词在从句中作状语，因此应用关系副
词where。
37. varies 考查动词的时态。根据上文although the public has free
access to some universities可知，这里应用一般现在时。
38. striking 考查非谓语动词。本句逗号前面是一个意义相对完整的
句子，逗号后面部分是一种补充说明，且表示主动概念，因此应用动
词-ing形式作状语。
谢谢观看！
