单元质量检测（三） FOOD AND CULTURE
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where does the conversation probably take place？
A.In a restaurant. B.In a supermarket. C.In the kitchen.
2.What are the speakers talking about？
A.The man’s sister. B.A party. C.An actor.
3.Who is going to work in Los Angeles？
A.Sam. B.Betty. C.John.
4.What will the man do next？
A.Get the candle. B.Make a phone call. C.Hand in his report.
5.What did the young man do？
A.He hit a boy. B.He made a U-turn. C.He crossed the road quickly.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.How does the man get the information about homeless population？
A.From an article. B.From the radio. C.From TV.
7.Which country has the highest percentage of homeless people？
A.India. B.The US. C.Germany.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.Where does the man work？
A.In a school. B.In a gym. C.In a club.
9.How far can the woman run in an hour on the running machine？
A.About 7 kilometers. B.About 8 kilometers. C.About 10 kilometers.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.When did the woman catch the thief？
A.On Monday morning. B.On Monday afternoon. C.On Tuesday morning.
11.What did the thief buy？
A.Some small articles. B.Some of the cheapest things. C.One of the most expensive dresses.
12.What’s the real relationship between the assistant and the thief？
A.Mother and daughter. B.Teacher and student. C.Shop assistant and customer.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.What is the man doing here？
A.Taking a business trip. B.Having a holiday alone. C.Visiting his girlfriend.
14.How much will the man pay for the insurance？
A.$15. B.$45. C.$135.
15.Where will the man return the car？
A.In Los Angeles. B.In San Francisco. C.In New York.
16.What will the woman do next？
A.Bring the man the keys. B.Talk about the insurance. C.Bring the man some forms.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What are “mall rats” according to the text？
A.Those who spend a lot of time in malls.
B.Those who shop regularly in malls.
C.Those who steal things from malls.
18.Which is not the reason why people like malls？
A.Feeling safe. B.Free parking. C.Reasonable price.
19.How many night clubs are there in the Mall of America in Minnesota？
A.35. B.8. C.7.
20.When was the first indoor mall built in America？
A.In 1935. B.In 1963. C.In 1965.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
With the winter holiday on the way and time on your hands， you might be looking for something to read. The following are four great books for you.
The Bright Side
Chad Otis is an author and illustrator. His new book， The Bright Side， is about finding hope in desperate situations. Its hero is a boy who lives with his family in an old school bus， who can’t afford to live anywhere else. This is something Otis experienced when he was a kid. He wants kids who are going through similar struggles to know，“You are not alone. Stay strong. Stay optimistic.”
Bunheads
In Bunheads， Misty Copeland tells the story of how she fell in love with dance. As a girl， Copeland was shy and afraid of talking in front of people. Dance helped her get past her fears. “Ballet gave me a language to communicate in a way that worked for me，” she told TFK. “Ballet allowed me to speak ... through my body.”
Little Daymond Learns to Earn
Little Daymond Learns to Earn teaches kids about money. It’s by Daymond John， who is one of the stars of Shark Tank. With a little creativity and the help of his friends， Little Daymond starts a small business. “Every single business that you create does one thing — it finds solutions to problems in life，” he says.
Facts vs. Opinions vs. Robots
What’s the difference between a fact and an opinion？ Sometimes， it can be hard to tell them apart. Facts vs. Opinions vs. Robots is a new picture book. It teaches kids about facts and opinions. The book uses robots to show the difference between the two. Michael Rex wrote and illustrated the book in which he asks questions of the reader.
21.What is Chad Otis’s purpose of writing The Bright Side？
A.To teach some life skills. B.To share his life experience.
C.To inspire other kids in difficulty. D.To help other kids to make money.
22.What does Daymond John think most important for a company？
A.Making a profit. B.Solving problems.
C.Making discoveries. D.Launching new products.
23.Who conquered himself/herself with the help of art？
A.Chad Otis. B.Daymond John.
C.Misty Copeland. D.Michael Rex.
B
Carolyn is the director of food services for a large city school system. She is in charge of hundreds of schools， and hundreds of thousands of kids eat in her cafeterias every day. Carolyn has formal training in nutrition （a master’s degree from the state university）， and she is a creative type who likes to think about things in non-traditional ways.
One evening， over a good bottle of wine， she and her friend Adam， who has worked with supermarket chains， came up with an interesting idea.
Without changing any menus， they would run some experiments in her schools to determine whether the way the food is displayed and arranged might influence the choices kids make. Carolyn gave the directors of dozens of school cafeterias specific instructions on how to display the food choices.
In some schools the desserts were placed first， in others last， in still others in a separate line. The location of various food items was varied from one school to another. In some schools the French fries， but in others the carrot sticks， were at eye level.
From his experience in designing supermarket floor plans， Adam suspected that the results would be dramatic. He was right. Simply by rearranging the cafeteria， Carolyn was able to increase or decrease the consumption of many food items by as much as 25 percent.
Carolyn learned a big lesson： school children， like adults， can be greatly influenced by small changes in the context. The influence can be exercised for better or for worse. For example， Carolyn knows that she can increase consumption of healthy foods and decrease consumption of unhealthy ones.
With hundreds of schools to work with， and a team of graduate student volunteers recruited to collect and analyze the data， Carolyn believes that she now has considerable power to influence what kids eat.
24.How did Carolyn and Adam get the interesting idea？
A.By having a meeting. B.By having a discussion.
C.By conducting a survey. D.By doing an experiment.
25.What did Carolyn ask the directors of school cafeterias to do？
A.Change some menus. B.Increase the food choices.
C.Improve the food quality. D.Vary the location of food.
26.What did Adam think of the results of the experiments？
A.Surprising. B.Ridiculous.
C.Reasonable. D.Disappointing.
27.What can we infer from the text？
A.People’s eating habits keep changing. B.Children eat more at school cafeterias.
C.More choices lead to more consumption. D.Circumstances influence human behaviour.
C
Many of us may be considering “burning some fat”， so we feel better in our bathing suits out on the beach or at the pool.What does that actually mean， though？
The normal fat cell exists primarily to store energy.The body will expand the number of fat cells and the size of fat cells to accommodate excess energy from high-calorie foods.It will even go so far as to start leaving fat cells on our muscles， liver and other organs to create space to store all this extra energy from calorie-rich diets — especially when combined with a low activity lifestyle.
Historically， fat storage worked well for humans.The energy was stored as small packages called fatty acids， which are released into the bloodstream for use as fuel by muscles and other organs when there was no food available， or when a predator （食肉动物） was chasing us.
But when was the last time you ran from a predator？ In modern times， with an overabundance of food and safe living conditions， many people have accumulated an excess storage of fat.In fact， more than one-third of the adult population in the United States is obese.
The major problem with this excess fat is that the fat cells， called adipocytes， do not function normally.They store energy at an abnormally high rate and release energy at an abnormally slow rate.What’s more， these extra and enlarged fat cells produce abnormal amounts of different hormones.These hormones may even contribute to diseases.
When a person begins to take exercise and limit calories， the body does two things to “burn fat”. First， it uses the energy stored in the fat cells to fuel new activity.Second， it stops putting away so much for storage.
The brain signals fat cells to release the energy packages， or fatty acids， to the bloodstream.The muscles， lungs and heart pick up these fatty acids， break them apart， and use the energy stored to engage in their activities.
28.What is the main function of fat cells？
A.To create space for energy. B.To consume excess energy.
C.To keep energy for future use. D.To produce energy for our body.
29.What does the author think of fat storage in ancient times？
A.It’s beneficial. B.It’s unnecessary.
C.It dose great harm. D.It makes no difference.
30.What’s the problem with adipocytes？
A.They release very little energy. B.They collect energy very slowly.
C.They provide very few calories. D.They produce very few hormones.
31.What’s the passage mainly about？
A.How we become fat. B.How our body burns fat.
C.What happens when we burn fat. D.What we should do with excess fat.
D
Meat eaters are about to have a new option in the beef aisle. Along with cuts of meat labeled as organic， GMO-free， or grass-fed， consumers will now be able to buy beef that’s certified “climate-friendly”.
In late 2021， the US Department of Agriculture （USDA） launched a verification （证实） program that allows meat producers to label their product “low-carbon” if it meets certain environmentally-conscious criteria.
On its face， this practice might give the impression that the beef industry is finally doing its part to mitigate the effects of climate change. But frustratingly， the whole program is more about marketing magic than science-backed solutions. It’s a classic case of greenwashing — using language that intentionally misleads the public into believing that something is environmentally friendly.
The USDA is the agency that oversees the agricultural industry and determines which products can use labels like “organic” or， now， “climate-friendly”.Their climate-friendly certification program， however， operates via private third-party companies contracted by the USDA. These companies evaluate candidate meat producers’ agricultural practices to determine the emissions output. If that measurement is at least 10% lower than an industry benchmark set by the auditing company for emissions， the producer gets USDA approval to label their products “climate-friendly” and use related language in packaging and marketing.
Ten percent probably doesn’t sound terribly impressive， and actually， it’s even worse than it seems. For example， the benchmark used by Low Carbon Beef， one of the third-party companies that performs evaluations for companies seeking this label， is 26.3 kilograms of CO2 equivalent emissions per kilogram of carcass weight.
But that benchmark does not actually indicate below-average CO2 equivalent emissions. A 2019 study found that the US average for this metric is only 21.3 kilograms， already well under the benchmark of 26.3. Matthew Hayek， assistant professor of environmental studies at New York University， points out that this means that even products with higher-than-average emissions outputs will qualify for the “climate-friendly” label.
The truth is that anyone who is interested in lowering their environmental impact should cut back on or skip beef altogether. And remember： there is no such thing as climate-friendly beef. At least， not yet.
32.What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A.Reduce. B.Change.
C.Control. D.Determine.
33.What criterion should a beef producer meet to label its beef “climate-friendly”？
A.No more than 21.3 kg. B.No more than 23.67 kg.
C.No more than 25.67 kg. D.No more than 26.3 kg.
34.What attitude does the author take to the USDA’s verification program？
A.Confused. B.Favourable.
C.Negative. D.Ambiguous.
35.Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the text？
A.“Climate-Friendly” Meat Is a Lie
B.Meat Will Be “Climate-Friendly”
C.Getting “Climate-Friendly” Label Can Be Easy
D.Producing “Climate-Friendly” Meat Is Difficult
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Here’s a new reason to be an optimist. 36 Pessimists， of course， might have suspected this all along — but now there’s actual research behind it.
Boston-area scientists found the most optimistic people live an average of 11 to 15 percent longer than their more pessimistic peers.
“In previous studies， researchers have found that more optimistic people tend to have lower risk of diseases and early death，” said Lewina Lee， the lead researcher and a psychiatry professor at Boston University School of Medicine.“ 37 ”
Optimists generally expect good things to happen in the future and feel like they can control important outcomes.They tend to stay positive whatever comes their way.
38 “There’s good news： The mindset is about 25 percent hereditary（遗传的），” Lee said， “meaning people have some control over their level of good thoughts.”She said people can become more optimistic by imagining a future in which their goals have been reached.
To conduct their research， Lee and the other scientists compared results from two independently conducted studies — one that followed nearly 70，000 women for a decade and another that followed about 1，400 men for 30 years. 39 They ranked themselves on statements including “In uncertain times， I usually expect the best” or “I’m always optimistic about my future”.
The conclusion that optimistic people tend to live longer holds true regardless of other factors， Lee said.
The study leaves one question unanswered： 40 Although it’s unclear， the researchers believe optimists may be better at regulating stressors and bouncing （反弹） back from upsetting events.Optimists also generally have healthier habits， like exercising more and smoking less.
A.Not a natural optimist？
B.Our study took it one step further.
C.Why are optimists likely to live longer？
D.Why do women generally live longer than men？
E.An optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.
F.People self-reported their optimism on questionnaires.
G.Those who see the glass as half full， according to a new study， live longer.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One morning in 2001 Ellen phoned me and asked if I wanted to go to Bosnia.I was 41 because it had just experienced a war.
Ellen 42 and told me that UN was badly in want of volunteers there.I told her I would think it over.For the rest of the day， I was torn by 43 thoughts.Bosnia may be dangerous； do I really want to put myself in the peril？ Then other 44 flashed into my mind.I liked challenges.And it’s a fairyland for marvels.If I 45 the invitation， I may never get another chance.In the end， the 46 thoughts won.
A few weeks later， I 47 a plane to Tuzla， Bosnia where I spent three interesting weeks.After I returned， I was asked if I’d like to return and participate in another 48 .I said “yes” firmly.
It is twenty years since I let my optimistic thoughts 49 my negative ones.I have finished many other tasks in many other countries since then.When I 50 my first Bosnia assignment， I had travelled to three foreign countries.My 51 is now fifty-eight.I continued to volunteer 52 .
Had I listened back in 2001 to the 53 inside telling me not to take a risk， I wouldn’t be telling this 54 .Fortunately， I followed the voice that said， “ 55 it” and I found a brand new life after sixty！
41.A.thrilled B.opposed C.nervous D.hesitant
42.A.carried on B.showed up C.caught on D.turned up
43.A.pressing B.conflicting C.frightening D.striking
44.A.schedules B.insights C.thoughts D.images
45.A.turned down B.set aside C.left out D.took up
46.A.former B.positive C.terrible D.awesome
47.A.reserved B.guided C.piloted D.boarded
48.A.battle B.mission C.game D.duty
49.A.compare B.exchange C.defeat D.balance
50.A.accepted B.refused C.signed D.shared
51.A.age B.count C.degree D.mark
52.A.internationally B.deliberately C.randomly D.occasionally
53.A.proposal B.option C.voice D.echo
54.A.legend B.war C.dream D.story
55.A.See B.Finish C.Help D.Take
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We as humans have to live with a lot of unfortunate realities， including the fact 56 a lot of things we love end up being bad for us.However， in recent years， it’s become 57 （increase） clear that coffee， a well-known bad habit of millions and millions of people， 58 （be） actually pretty good for you.
Recent studies have shown that being 59 regular coffee drinker can reduce your risk of all kinds of diseases， including heart attack and stroke.Now， a new research effort reveals that dark roast coffee is particularly good at 60 （prevent） Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.The findings 61 （publish） in Frontiers in Neuroscience.
The study， which focused on a specific group of compounds （化合物） 62 （call） phenylindanes， stresses the benefits of choosing the type of roast you go with for your morning brew.Dark roast is filled with the compounds， 63 are thought to stop the production of a type of protein that is linked to Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
This is great news for would-be coffee drinkers who would love to enjoy the 64 （benefit） from drinking coffee.The idea is that the coffee roasting process is what’s creating the compounds， meaning the 65 （long） the beans are cooked， the more beneficial compounds find their way into the drink.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是学生会主席李华。你校将于下周举办美食节（Food Festival） 活动，你受学校委托为国际部交换生写一则通知，内容包括：
1.活动时间和地点；2.活动内容；3.欢迎参加。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
There are many things in senior middle school that I still remember clearly.I studied three years in a country school， which is faraway.However， it has a good environment and strict but kind teachers， so I loved the school and all my teachers very much.
One Friday， just as we began to read books in reading class at our desks， our teacher， Mrs Hill， said that she needed to be out of the classroom for a few minutes.She asked the class to read in silence while she was gone.And she said that those who didn’t read books in silence would have to be punished when she returned.It was well known that Mrs Hill was strict.So we had to be on our best behaviour.
But that Friday， Mrs Hill hadn’t been gone for ten seconds before some students in the classroom started to talk.From one corner of the room I heard Josh ask Nick， “Can I trade my candies for your toy？” At the other end of the room I heard Samantha tell Kayla， “Let’s sit together on the bus for the museum field trip tomorrow.” And so it went all around me， until about half of the students communicated with each other.
After a while， I， too， forgot about Mrs Hill’s instructions.I turned back and asked my friend Liza， “Can I borrow your storybook and keep it for a day？” As soon as the words were out of my mouth， Mrs Hill walked into the classroom.The whole class returned to silence immediately.And we were full of fear.
Mrs Hill slowly looked around the classroom and said， “If you were talking while I was gone， then please stand up.” The guilt suddenly weighed heavily on me.“I shouldn’t have talked while she was not in the classroom.And now I should be honest and admit my mistake bravely.This is what my parents have always told me.” I thought.Then， I summoned up （鼓起） my courage to stand up， worried about the punishment that waited for me.Then I looked around.
注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。
To my surprise， no one followed me and I was the only one in the classroom standing.
With Mrs Hill’s encouragement， another student stood up.
单元质量检测（三） FOOD AND CULTURE
第一部分
1－5 ACCAB 6－10 ABCBA 11－15 AACBA 16－20 CACBC
听力材料：
（Text 1）
M：I’ll have the steak， French fries and chocolate ice cream for dessert.
W：Oh， no， you know these things are bad for your health. How about ordering some vegetables and fruit instead？
（Text 2）
W：I hate to say it， but Jacky isn’t doing well in the new film.
M：Well， I think he’s only playing a different type of role. My sister thinks he is still the best.
（Text 3）
M：I met Sam on the street today.
W：Really？ Did he say something about his sister？
M：Yes. Betty ought to be leaving New York very soon， because her husband， John， has taken a job in Los Angeles.
（Text 4）
M：A power cut. Oh， I have to hand in this report tomorrow.
W：Just take out your cell phone to get the candle in the drawer.
M：OK.
（Text 5）
W：Did you see what that young man did？
M：No. I was looking at the other way.
W：He made a U-turn in the middle of the block and almost hit a boy on a bicycle.
M：Drivers get crazier these days.
（Text 6）
W：What are you looking at， Jim？
M：I’m reading an article about the world’s homeless population.
W：Homeless population？
M：Yes， sociologists define homeless people as those who have no fixed shelter on any given night. These figures show five countries with large homeless population.
W：Wow， that’s amazing. I never realized that there were so many homeless people in Germany and France.
M：You know what？ Our own country the USA ranks number one among these countries！
W：Surely not！ India tops the list with three million homeless people.
M：Well， it depends on how you look at it. Although we have a million fewer homeless people than India， we have the highest percentage of homeless people.
（Text 7）
M：Hello， Madam. We’re doing a survey of our customers. How often do you come to the club？
W：Three times a week， usually.
M：Can you run 10 kilometers in an hour on the running machine？
W：Oh， no， I can’t. Maybe 8 kilometers.
M：Do you use the swimming pool？ You know， the new swimming pool.
W：No， I don’t. I don’t know how to swim. And I’m scared of water.
M：OK. You know， we offer lessons here. I’m sure our trainer can help you.
（Text 8）
W：People are not so honest as they once were.
M：Why do you say so？
W：Some people are tempted to steal in large shops.
M：Did you catch one of them？
W：Yes， on Monday morning. There were few people in the shop， so I could catch the thief easily.
M：Was it a man or a woman？
W：A middle-aged woman. She first bought some small articles. Then she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop.
M：Did she catch the dress away quickly regardless of the assistants？
W：Certainly not. An assistant wrapped it up for her and helped her walk out of the shop without paying.
M：An assistant？ How could she do that？
W：She is the daughter of the woman. The girl “gave” her mother a free dress once a week！
（Text 9）
W：Good morning， Sir. What can I do for you？
M：I would like to rent a car with a good air conditioner.
W：All our cars have air conditioners in them.
M：Good. I am here visiting my girlfriend. I want her to have a good time.
W：Oh， is that so？ Well， then， let me show you something she might like.
M：This is a Porsche！
W：Yes. Beautiful， isn’t it？
M：Yes， it looks fantastic.
W：So you will take the Porsche then， Sir？
M：Yes， for three days. And I want to buy the insurance， too. I think it’s necessary.
W：You’re smart to buy it. At 45 dollars for three days， it is a good deal.
M：Can I return the car in San Francisco？
W：San Francisco？ No， Sir. We only have this office here. You will have to return it here in Los Angeles.
M：OK. It will be fun driving back down the coast. My girlfriend will like it.
W：It’s a beautiful drive.
M：Where are the keys？
W：Just a moment， Sir. We have to finish filling out the forms first.
（Text 10）
Malls are popular places for Americans to go. Some people spend so much time at malls that they are called “mall rats”. Mall rats shop until they drop in the hundreds of stores under one roof.
People like malls for many reasons. They feel safe because malls have police stations or private security guards. Parking is usually free， and the atmosphere inside is always fine. The newest malls have beautiful rest areas with waterfalls and large green trees.
The largest mall in the United States is the Mall of America in Minnesota. It has 350 stores， eight night clubs， and a seven-acre park！ There are parking spaces for 12，750 cars. About 750，000 people shop every week.
The first indoor mall in the United States was built in 1965 in Edina， Minnesota. Now people shop in malls， of course. They also eat in food houses that have food from all over the world. They see movies here. Some people even get their daily exercise by doing the new sport of mall walking. Others go to malls to meet friends. In a word， now residents can actually live in their favourite shopping center.
第二部分
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章简要介绍了四本写给青少年的英文图书。
21.C 细节理解题。根据The Bright Side一书的介绍可知，Chad Otis撰写本书的目的是激励那些跟过去的他一样身处困境的孩子们保持坚强和乐观。
22.B 细节理解题。根据Little Daymond Learns to Earn一书的介绍可知，Daymond John认为，作为一家企业，最重要的事是为现实生活中的问题寻找解决方案。
23.C 推理判断题。根据Bunheads一书的介绍可知，Misty Copeland生来害羞内向，但是芭蕾舞帮助她战胜了恐惧。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Carolyn负责一个城市的学校食堂管理工作，她进行了一系列实验，发现了一个有趣的事实：仅仅改变学校食堂食物的位置摆放就能改变学生对食物的选择和食用量。
24.B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Carolyn和好友Adam是在喝酒聊天的过程中产生了这个有趣的想法。
25.D 细节理解题。根据第三、四段可知，Carolyn在实验中要求学校改变食物位置的摆放。
26.C 推理判断题。根据第五段可知，Adam猜测实验将会对学生的食物选择产生显著的影响和改变，结果果然不出他的预料。这说明他认为实验结果是合情合理的。
27.D 推理判断题。综合全文可知，本文主要揭示了这样一个事实：孩子们的饮食选择受到食物位置摆放的影响，也就是外部环境的影响。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。我们常说“燃烧脂肪”，这究竟是怎么回事呢？
28.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The normal fat cell exists primarily to store energy.可知，脂肪细胞的主要功能是储存能量。
29.A 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，在古代社会，当人们缺乏食物或遇到动物追赶时，体内储存的能量就会帮助我们。
30.A 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，当我们过度肥胖时，体内的脂肪细胞吸收和储存能量的速度很快，而释放能量的速度却很慢。
31.B 主旨大意题。本文首段先提出我们常说的“燃烧脂肪”这一概念，然后具体展开说明这究竟是怎么回事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国今年推出了所谓的“低碳肉”和“环保肉”，可是，这些肉真的低碳环保吗？
32.A 词义猜测题。根据第二、三段可知，美国农业部2021年启动的这项认证计划允许肉类生产商在符合某些环保标准的情况下将其产品标记为“低碳”。由此可知，这一计划的目的是“降低或减少”肉类生产对环境产生的负面影响。
33.B 细节理解题。根据第四至六段可知，只要肉类的测量值比审计公司设定的行业排放基准（26.3 kg）至少低10%，生产商就可以获得美国农业部的“环保”标签，即26.3－2.63＝23.67。
34.C 观点态度题。根据第三段可知，对于美国农业部的这项认证计划，作者认为它更多的是营销套路，而不是有科学依据的解决方案。文章结尾作者又明确指出：所谓的“环保牛肉”根本就不存在。由此可见，作者对这项计划持否定批判态度。
35.A 标题归纳题。综合全文可知，文章先介绍了美国农业部2021年启动的“环保肉”认证计划，揭露了其实质和欺骗性；文章结尾作者得出结论：所谓的“环保肉”根本不存在。故A项最适合作文章标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国波士顿科学家的一项研究发现，与悲观者相比，乐观者更加长寿。36.G 上句Here’s a new reason to be an optimist.暗示下句是说明乐观者的好处，故G项符合语境。G项中的Those who see the glass as half full就是指“乐观者”。
37.B 本段引用了Lewina Lee的原话，是对这项研究的介绍，故B项符合语境。
38.A 下句说我们的心态只有25%是遗传的，这对于那些非天生乐观者显然是好消息，故A项符合语境。
39.F 本段是作者对这项研究的介绍，具体说明它是如何展开的，故F项符合语境。
40.C 上句的one question暗示设空处必然是一个问句，而下文解释了乐观者的一些优点，故C项符合语境。
第三部分
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者被邀请去波斯尼亚作志愿者，虽然一开始内心矛盾，但是最后积极的想法占了上风。
41.D 根据空后because it had just experienced a war可知，作者对于去波斯尼亚感到犹豫，因为那里刚刚经历了一场战争。
42.A 根据上下文语境可知，艾伦继续告诉作者，联合国急需志愿者。
43.B 根据下文作者内心的想法（一方面认为波斯尼亚危险，一方面自己喜欢挑战）可知，内心的想法很冲突。
44.C 此处呼应下文thoughts won，指其他想法。
45.A 根据下文I may never get another chance可知，此处是作者在假设拒绝邀请的情况。
46.B 根据下文a plane to Tuzla， Bosnia where I spent three interesting weeks可知，作者最终还是去了波斯尼亚作志愿者。由此可知，积极的想法获胜了。
47.D 根据空后a plane to Tuzla， Bosnia可知，这里指作者登上了飞往波斯尼亚图兹拉的飞机。
48.B 根据空前participate in another可知，此处指参加另一项任务。下文many other tasks也是提示。
49.C 根据下文I have finished many other tasks in many other countries since then.可知，作者在许多其他国家完成了许多其他任务，因此此处是指作者让乐观的思想战胜消极的思想已经20年了。
50.A 根据空后my first Bosnia assignment以及上文语境可知，作者接受了当时的波斯尼亚任务。
51.B 根据上下文语境可知，下文fifty-eight是作者完成任务的次数。
52.A 根据上文I had travelled to three foreign countries可知，作者是国际志愿者。
53.C 根据空后inside telling me not to take a risk可知，此处指内心的声音告诉作者不要冒险。下文I followed the voice也是提示。
54.D 根据文章内容可知，作者讲述了自己从事国际志愿者的故事。
55.D 根据上文内容可知，作者最后还是接受了去波斯尼亚的任务。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，长期喝咖啡有益于健康，尤其有助于预防阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病。
56.that 57.increasingly 58.is 59.a 60.preventing 61.were published 62.called 63.which 64.benefits 65.longer
第四部分
第一节
Aiming to help students gain a good knowledge of the Chinese food culture， our school will host the Food Festival next week.
As scheduled， the Food Festival will be held in the dining hall.It begins on Monday morning， lasting for 3 days.During the festival， a variety of cuisines from different places will cater for our taste.In addition， we can also participate in some activities， ranging from tasting delicious snacks to dumpling making contests.More importantly， you will have the opportunity to appreciate wonderful performances from top chefs， which will definitely impress you.
If you are keen on the Chinese food culture， don’t miss this golden opportunity！ All the exchange students are warmly welcome to the Food Festival.
The Students’ Union
第二节
To my surprise， no one followed me and I was the only one in the classroom standing. I lowered my head， alone and filled with fear.After looking around for a while， Mrs Hill walked towards me.Strangely， she asked in a soft voice， “Why did you dare to stand up？” I said I wanted to be honest and that I realised what I had done was wrong.Unexpectedly， Mrs Hill was quite amazed by my answer and praised me for that.Then she returned to the front of the classroom and explained why we should be honest.
With Mrs Hill’s encouragement， another student stood up. Then more students followed until about half of the students stood up.Seeing it， Mrs Hill praised us for our courage.Then， she asked us to sit down.We continued reading books.After we finished， Mrs Hill reminded us to remember that everyone should be responsible for his behaviour.We all agreed with her.And I was happy that in a way I set a good example to my classmates.
9 / 9(共102张PPT)
单元质量检测（三） FOOD AND CULTURE
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、
C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话
后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话
仅读一遍。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place？
A. In a restaurant.
B. In a supermarket.
C. In the kitchen.
2. What are the speakers talking about？
A. The man’s sister.
B. A party.
C. An actor.
3. Who is going to work in Los Angeles？
A. Sam. B. Betty. C. John.
4. What will the man do next？
A. Get the candle.
B. Make a phone call.
C. Hand in his report.
5. What did the young man do？
A. He hit a boy.
B. He made a U-turn.
C. He crossed the road quickly.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从
题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的
相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，
每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对
话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How does the man get the information about homeless population？
A. From an article.
B. From the radio.
C. From TV.
7. Which country has the highest percentage of homeless people？
A. India. B. The US. C. Germany.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Where does the man work？
A. In a school. B. In a gym. C. In a club.
9. How far can the woman run in an hour on the running machine？
A. About 7 kilometers.
B. About 8 kilometers.
C. About 10 kilometers.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. When did the woman catch the thief？
A. On Monday morning.
B. On Monday afternoon.
C. On Tuesday morning.
11. What did the thief buy？
A. Some small articles.
B. Some of the cheapest things.
C. One of the most expensive dresses.
12. What’s the real relationship between the assistant and the thief？
A. Mother and daughter.
B. Teacher and student.
C. Shop assistant and customer.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the man doing here？
A. Taking a business trip.
B. Having a holiday alone.
C. Visiting his girlfriend.
14. How much will the man pay for the insurance？
A. $15. B. $45. C. $135.
15. Where will the man return the car？
A. In Los Angeles.
B. In San Francisco.
C. In New York.
16. What will the woman do next？
A. Bring the man the keys.
B. Talk about the insurance.
C. Bring the man some forms.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What are “mall rats” according to the text？
A. Those who spend a lot of time in malls.
B. Those who shop regularly in malls.
C. Those who steal things from malls.
18. Which is not the reason why people like malls？
A. Feeling safe.
B. Free parking.
C. Reasonable price.
19. How many night clubs are there in the Mall of America in
Minnesota？
A. 35. B. 8. C. 7.
20. When was the first indoor mall built in America？
A. In 1935. B. In 1963. C. In 1965.
听力材料：
（Text 1）
M：I’ll have the steak， French fries and chocolate ice cream for
dessert.
W：Oh， no， you know these things are bad for your health. How about
ordering some vegetables and fruit instead？
（Text 2）
W：I hate to say it， but Jacky isn’t doing well in the new film.
M：Well， I think he’s only playing a different type of role. My sister
thinks he is still the best.
（Text 3）
M：I met Sam on the street today.
W：Really？ Did he say something about his sister？
M：Yes. Betty ought to be leaving New York very soon， because her
husband， John， has taken a job in Los Angeles.
（Text 4）
M：A power cut. Oh， I have to hand in this report tomorrow.
W：Just take out your cell phone to get the candle in the drawer.
M：OK.
（Text 5）
W：Did you see what that young man did？
M：No. I was looking at the other way.
W：He made a U-turn in the middle of the block and almost hit a boy on a
bicycle.
M：Drivers get crazier these days.
（Text 6）
W：What are you looking at， Jim？
M：I’m reading an article about the world’s homeless population.
W：Homeless population？
M：Yes， sociologists define homeless people as those who have no fixed
shelter on any given night. These figures show five countries with large
homeless population.
W：Wow， that’s amazing. I never realized that there were so many
homeless people in Germany and France.
M：You know what？ Our own country the USA ranks number one among
these countries！
W：Surely not！ India tops the list with three million homeless people.
M：Well， it depends on how you look at it. Although we have a million
fewer homeless people than India， we have the highest percentage of
homeless people.
（Text 7）
M：Hello， Madam. We’re doing a survey of our customers. How often
do you come to the club？
W：Three times a week， usually.
M：Can you run 10 kilometers in an hour on the running machine？
W：Oh， no， I can’t. Maybe 8 kilometers.
M：Do you use the swimming pool？ You know， the new swimming
pool.
W：No， I don’t. I don’t know how to swim. And I’m scared of
water.
M：OK. You know， we offer lessons here. I’m sure our trainer can
help you.
（Text 8）
W：People are not so honest as they once were.
M：Why do you say so？
W：Some people are tempted to steal in large shops.
M：Did you catch one of them？
W：Yes， on Monday morning. There were few people in the shop， so I
could catch the thief easily.
M：Was it a man or a woman？
W：A middle-aged woman. She first bought some small articles. Then
she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop.
M：Did she catch the dress away quickly regardless of the assistants？
W：Certainly not. An assistant wrapped it up for her and helped her walk
out of the shop without paying.
M：An assistant？ How could she do that？
W：She is the daughter of the woman. The girl “gave” her mother a
free dress once a week！
（Text 9）
W：Good morning， Sir. What can I do for you？
M：I would like to rent a car with a good air conditioner.
W：All our cars have air conditioners in them.
M：Good. I am here visiting my girlfriend. I want her to have a good
time.
W：Oh， is that so？ Well， then， let me show you something she
might like.
M：This is a Porsche！
W：Yes. Beautiful， isn’t it？
M：Yes， it looks fantastic.
W：So you will take the Porsche then， Sir？
M：Yes， for three days. And I want to buy the insurance， too. I think
it’s necessary.
W：You’re smart to buy it. At 45 dollars for three days， it is a good
deal.
M：Can I return the car in San Francisco？
W：San Francisco？ No， Sir. We only have this office here. You will
have to return it here in Los Angeles.
M：OK. It will be fun driving back down the coast. My girlfriend will
like it.
W：It’s a beautiful drive.
M：Where are the keys？
W：Just a moment， Sir. We have to finish filling out the forms first.
（Text 10）
Malls are popular places for Americans to go. Some people spend so
much time at malls that they are called “mall rats”. Mall rats shop until
they drop in the hundreds of stores under one roof.
People like malls for many reasons. They feel safe because malls
have police stations or private security guards. Parking is usually free，
and the atmosphere inside is always fine. The newest malls have beautiful
rest areas with waterfalls and large green trees.
The largest mall in the United States is the Mall of America in
Minnesota. It has 350 stores， eight night clubs， and a seven-acre park！
There are parking spaces for 12，750 cars. About 750，000 people shop
every week.
The first indoor mall in the United States was built in 1965 in Edina，
Minnesota. Now people shop in malls， of course. They also eat in food
houses that have food from all over the world. They see movies here.
Some people even get their daily exercise by doing the new sport of mall
walking. Others go to malls to meet friends. In a word， now residents
can actually live in their favourite shopping center.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳
选项。
A
With the winter holiday on the way and time on your hands， you
might be looking for something to read. The following are four great books
for you.
The Bright Side
Chad Otis is an author and illustrator. His new book， The Bright
Side， is about finding hope in desperate situations. Its hero is a boy who
lives with his family in an old school bus， who can’t afford to live
anywhere else. This is something Otis experienced
when he was a kid. He wants kids who are going
through similar struggles to know，“You are
not alone. Stay strong. Stay optimistic.”
Bunheads
In Bunheads， Misty Copeland tells the story of how she fell in love with dance. As a girl， Copeland was shy and afraid of talking in front of
people. Dance helped her get past her fears. “Ballet gave me a language to communicate in a way that worked for me，” she told TFK. “Ballet
allowed me to speak ... through my body.”
Little Daymond Learns to Earn
Little Daymond Learns to Earn teaches kids about money. It’s by
Daymond John， who is one of the stars of Shark Tank. With a little
creativity and the help of his friends， Little Daymond starts a small
business. “Every single business that you create
does one thing — it finds solutions to problems
in life，” he says.
Facts vs. Opinions vs. Robots
What’s the difference between a fact and an opinion？ Sometimes， it can be hard to tell them apart. Facts vs. Opinions vs. Robots is a new
picture book. It teaches kids about facts and opinions. The book uses robots to show the difference between the two. Michael Rex wrote and illustrated the book in which he asks questions of the reader.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章简要介绍了四本写给青少年的
英文图书。
本文是一篇应用文。文章简要介绍了四本写给青少年的
英文图书。
21. What is Chad Otis’s purpose of writing The Bright Side？
A. To teach some life skills.
B. To share his life experience.
C. To inspire other kids in difficulty.
D. To help other kids to make money.
解析： 细节理解题。根据The Bright Side一书的介绍可知，
Chad Otis撰写本书的目的是激励那些跟过去的他一样身处困境的
孩子们保持坚强和乐观。
22. What does Daymond John think most important for a company？
A. Making a profit.
B. Solving problems.
C. Making discoveries.
D. Launching new products.
解析： 细节理解题。根据Little Daymond Learns to Earn一书的
介绍可知，Daymond John认为，作为一家企业，最重要的事是为
现实生活中的问题寻找解决方案。
23. Who conquered himself/herself with the help of art？
A. Chad Otis. B. Daymond John.
C. Misty Copeland. D. Michael Rex.
解析： 推理判断题。根据Bunheads一书的介绍可知，Misty
Copeland生来害羞内向，但是芭蕾舞帮助她战胜了恐惧。
B
Carolyn is the director of food services for a large city school system.
She is in charge of hundreds of schools， and hundreds of thousands of
kids eat in her cafeterias every day. Carolyn has formal training in
nutrition （a master’s degree from the state university）， and she is a
creative type who likes to think about things in non-traditional ways.
One evening， over a good bottle of wine， she and her friend
Adam， who has worked with supermarket chains， came up with an
interesting idea.
Without changing any menus， they would run some experiments in
her schools to determine whether the way the food is displayed and
arranged might influence the choices kids make. Carolyn gave the
directors of dozens of school cafeterias specific instructions on how to
display the food choices.
In some schools the desserts were placed first， in others last， in
still others in a separate line. The location of various food items was varied
from one school to another. In some schools the French fries， but in
others the carrot sticks， were at eye level.
From his experience in designing supermarket floor plans， Adam
suspected that the results would be dramatic. He was right. Simply by
rearranging the cafeteria， Carolyn was able to increase or decrease the
consumption of many food items by as much as 25 percent.
Carolyn learned a big lesson： school children， like adults， can be
greatly influenced by small changes in the context. The influence can be
exercised for better or for worse. For example， Carolyn knows that she
can increase consumption of healthy foods and decrease consumption of
unhealthy ones.
With hundreds of schools to work with， and a team of graduate
student volunteers recruited to collect and analyze the data， Carolyn
believes that she now has considerable power to influence what kids eat.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Carolyn负责一个城市的学校食堂管
理工作，她进行了一系列实验，发现了一个有趣的事实：仅仅改变
学校食堂食物的位置摆放就能改变学生对食物的选择和食用量。
本文是一篇记叙文。Carolyn负责一个城市的学校食堂管
理工作，她进行了一系列实验，发现了一个有趣的事实：仅仅改变
学校食堂食物的位置摆放就能改变学生对食物的选择和食用量。
24. How did Carolyn and Adam get the interesting idea？
A. By having a meeting.
B. By having a discussion.
C. By conducting a survey.
D. By doing an experiment.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Carolyn和好友Adam是
在喝酒聊天的过程中产生了这个有趣的想法。
25. What did Carolyn ask the directors of school cafeterias to do？
A. Change some menus.
B. Increase the food choices.
C. Improve the food quality.
D. Vary the location of food.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三、四段可知，Carolyn在实验中
要求学校改变食物位置的摆放。
26. What did Adam think of the results of the experiments？
A. Surprising. B. Ridiculous.
C. Reasonable. D. Disappointing.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段可知，Adam猜测实验将会对
学生的食物选择产生显著的影响和改变，结果果然不出他的预
料。这说明他认为实验结果是合情合理的。
27. What can we infer from the text？
A. People’s eating habits keep changing.
B. Children eat more at school cafeterias.
C. More choices lead to more consumption.
D. Circumstances influence human behaviour.
解析： 推理判断题。综合全文可知，本文主要揭示了这样一
个事实：孩子们的饮食选择受到食物位置摆放的影响，也就是外
部环境的影响。
C
Many of us may be considering “burning some fat”， so we feel
better in our bathing suits out on the beach or at the pool.What does that
actually mean， though？
The normal fat cell exists primarily to store energy.The body will
expand the number of fat cells and the size of fat cells to accommodate
excess energy from high-calorie foods.It will even go so far as to start
leaving fat cells on our muscles， liver and other organs to create space to
store all this extra energy from calorie-rich diets — especially when
combined with a low activity lifestyle.
Historically， fat storage worked well for humans.The energy was
stored as small packages called fatty acids， which are released into the
bloodstream for use as fuel by muscles and other organs when there was no
food available， or when a predator （食肉动物） was chasing us.
But when was the last time you ran from a predator？ In modern
times， with an overabundance of food and safe living conditions， many
people have accumulated an excess storage of fat.In fact， more than one-
third of the adult population in the United States is obese.
The major problem with this excess fat is that the fat cells， called
adipocytes， do not function normally.They store energy at an abnormally
high rate and release energy at an abnormally slow rate.What’s more，
these extra and enlarged fat cells produce abnormal amounts of different
hormones.These hormones may even contribute to diseases.
When a person begins to take exercise and limit calories， the body
does two things to “burn fat”. First， it uses the energy stored in the fat
cells to fuel new activity.Second， it stops putting away so much for
storage.
The brain signals fat cells to release the energy packages， or fatty
acids， to the bloodstream.The muscles， lungs and heart pick up these
fatty acids， break them apart， and use the energy stored to engage in
their activities.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。我们常说“燃烧脂肪”，这究竟是
怎么回事呢？
本文是一篇说明文。我们常说“燃烧脂肪”，这究竟是
怎么回事呢？
28. What is the main function of fat cells？
A. To create space for energy.
B. To consume excess energy.
C. To keep energy for future use.
D. To produce energy for our body.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The normal fat cell exists
primarily to store energy.可知，脂肪细胞的主要功能是储存能量。
29. What does the author think of fat storage in ancient times？
A. It’s beneficial.
B. It’s unnecessary.
C. It dose great harm.
D. It makes no difference.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，在古代社会，当人们
缺乏食物或遇到动物追赶时，体内储存的能量就会帮助我们。
30. What’s the problem with adipocytes？
A. They release very little energy.
B. They collect energy very slowly.
C. They provide very few calories.
D. They produce very few hormones.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，当我们过度肥胖时，
体内的脂肪细胞吸收和储存能量的速度很快，而释放能量的速度
却很慢。
31. What’s the passage mainly about？
A. How we become fat.
B. How our body burns fat.
C. What happens when we burn fat.
D. What we should do with excess fat.
解析： 主旨大意题。本文首段先提出我们常说的“燃烧脂
肪”这一概念，然后具体展开说明这究竟是怎么回事。
D
Meat eaters are about to have a new option in the beef aisle. Along
with cuts of meat labeled as organic， GMO-free， or grass-fed，
consumers will now be able to buy beef that’s certified “climate-
friendly”.
In late 2021， the US Department of Agriculture （USDA）
launched a verification （证实） program that allows meat producers to
label their product “low-carbon” if it meets certain environmentally-
conscious criteria.
On its face， this practice might give the impression that the beef
industry is finally doing its part to mitigate the effects of climate change.
But frustratingly， the whole program is more about marketing magic than
science-backed solutions. It’s a classic case of greenwashing — using
language that intentionally misleads the public into believing that
something is environmentally friendly.
The USDA is the agency that oversees the agricultural industry and
determines which products can use labels like “organic” or， now，
“climate-friendly”.Their climate-friendly certification program，
however， operates via private third-party companies contracted by the
USDA. These companies evaluate candidate meat producers’ agricultural
practices to determine the emissions output. If that measurement is at least
10% lower than an industry benchmark set by the auditing company for
emissions， the producer gets USDA approval to label their products
“climate-friendly” and use related language in packaging and
marketing.
Ten percent probably doesn’t sound terribly impressive， and
actually， it’s even worse than it seems. For example， the benchmark
used by Low Carbon Beef， one of the third-party companies that
performs evaluations for companies seeking this label， is 26.3 kilograms
of CO2 equivalent emissions per kilogram of carcass weight.
But that benchmark does not actually indicate below-average CO2
equivalent emissions. A 2019 study found that the US average for this
metric is only 21.3 kilograms， already well under the benchmark of
26.3. Matthew Hayek， assistant professor of environmental studies at
New York University， points out that this means that even products with
higher-than-average emissions outputs will qualify for the “climate-
friendly” label.
The truth is that anyone who is interested in lowering their
environmental impact should cut back on or skip beef altogether. And
remember： there is no such thing as climate-friendly beef. At least， not
yet.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国今年推出了所谓的“低碳肉”
和“环保肉”，可是，这些肉真的低碳环保吗？
本文是一篇说明文。美国今年推出了所谓的“低碳肉”
和“环保肉”，可是，这些肉真的低碳环保吗？
32. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A. Reduce. B. Change.
C. Control. D. Determine.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第二、三段可知，美国农业部2021
年启动的这项认证计划允许肉类生产商在符合某些环保标准的情
况下将其产品标记为“低碳”。由此可知，这一计划的目的是
“降低或减少”肉类生产对环境产生的负面影响。
33. What criterion should a beef producer meet to label its beef “climate-
friendly”？
A. No more than 21.3 kg.
B. No more than 23.67 kg.
C. No more than 25.67 kg.
D. No more than 26.3 kg.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四至六段可知，只要肉类的测量
值比审计公司设定的行业排放基准（26.3 kg）至少低10%，生产
商就可以获得美国农业部的“环保”标签，即26.3－2.63＝
23.67。
34. What attitude does the author take to the USDA’s verification
program？
A. Confused. B. Favourable.
C. Negative. D. Ambiguous.
解析： 观点态度题。根据第三段可知，对于美国农业部的这
项认证计划，作者认为它更多的是营销套路，而不是有科学依据
的解决方案。文章结尾作者又明确指出：所谓的“环保牛肉”根
本就不存在。由此可见，作者对这项计划持否定批判态度。
35. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the text？
A. “Climate-Friendly” Meat Is a Lie
B. Meat Will Be “Climate-Friendly”
C. Getting “Climate-Friendly” Label Can Be Easy
D. Producing “Climate-Friendly” Meat Is Difficult
解析： 标题归纳题。综合全文可知，文章先介绍了美国农业
部2021年启动的“环保肉”认证计划，揭露了其实质和欺骗性；
文章结尾作者得出结论：所谓的“环保肉”根本不存在。故A项
最适合作文章标题。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最
佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Here’s a new reason to be an optimist. 36 Pessimists， of
course， might have suspected this all along — but now there’s
actual research behind it.
Boston-area scientists found the most optimistic people live an
average of 11 to 15 percent longer than their more pessimistic peers.
“In previous studies， researchers have found that more
optimistic people tend to have lower risk of diseases and early
death，” said Lewina Lee， the lead researcher and a psychiatry
professor at Boston University School of Medicine.“ 37 ”
Optimists generally expect good things to happen in the future
and feel like they can control important outcomes.They tend to stay
positive whatever comes their way.
38 “There’s good news： The mindset is about 25 percent
hereditary（遗传的），” Lee said， “meaning people have some
control over their level of good thoughts.”She said people can
become more optimistic by imagining a future in which their goals
have been reached.
To conduct their research， Lee and the other scientists compared
results from two independently conducted studies — one that followed
nearly 70，000 women for a decade and another that followed about
1，400 men for 30 years. 39 They ranked themselves on
statements including “In uncertain times， I usually expect the
best” or “I’m always optimistic about my future”.
The conclusion that optimistic people tend to live longer holds
true regardless of other factors， Lee said.
The study leaves one question unanswered： 40 Although
it’s unclear， the researchers believe optimists may be better at
regulating stressors and bouncing（反弹） back from upsetting
events.Optimists also generally have healthier habits， like exercising
more and smoking less.
A. Not a natural optimist？
B. Our study took it one step further.
C. Why are optimists likely to live longer？
D. Why do women generally live longer than men？
E. An optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.
F. People self-reported their optimism on questionnaires.
G. Those who see the glass as half full， according to a new study，
live longer.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国波士顿科学家的一项研究发
现，与悲观者相比，乐观者更加长寿。
36. G 上句Here’s a new reason to be an optimist.暗示下句是说
明乐观者的好处，故G项符合语境。G项中的Those who see the
glass as half full就是指“乐观者”。
本文是一篇说明文。美国波士顿科学家的一项研究发
现，与悲观者相比，乐观者更加长寿。
37. B 本段引用了Lewina Lee的原话，是对这项研究的介绍，故
B项符合语境。
38. A 下句说我们的心态只有25%是遗传的，这对于那些非天生
乐观者显然是好消息，故A项符合语境。
39. F 本段是作者对这项研究的介绍，具体说明它是如何展开
的，故F项符合语境。
40. C 上句的one question暗示设空处必然是一个问句，而下文解
释了乐观者的一些优点，故C项符合语境。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出
可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One morning in 2001 Ellen phoned me and asked if I wanted to
go to Bosnia.I was 41 because it had just experienced a war.
Ellen 42 and told me that UN was badly in want of
volunteers there.I told her I would think it over.For the rest of the
day， I was torn by 43 thoughts.Bosnia may be dangerous； do I
really want to put myself in the peril？ Then other 44 flashed into
my mind.I liked challenges.And it’s a fairyland for marvels.If
I 45 the invitation， I may never get another chance.In the end，
the 46 thoughts won.
A few weeks later， I 47 a plane to Tuzla， Bosnia where I
spent three interesting weeks.After I returned， I was asked if I’d
like to return and participate in another 48 .I said “yes” firmly.
It is twenty years since I let my optimistic thoughts 49 my
negative ones.I have finished many other tasks in many other
countries since then.When I 50 my first Bosnia assignment， I
had travelled to three foreign countries.My 51 is now fifty-
eight.I continued to volunteer 52 .
Had I listened back in 2001 to the 53 inside telling me not to
take a risk， I wouldn’t be telling this 54 .Fortunately， I
followed the voice that said， “ 55 it” and I found a brand new
life after sixty！
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者被邀请去波斯尼亚作志愿者，
虽然一开始内心矛盾，但是最后积极的想法占了上风。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者被邀请去波斯尼亚作志愿者，
虽然一开始内心矛盾，但是最后积极的想法占了上风。
41. A. thrilled B. opposed
C. nervous D. hesitant
解析： 根据空后because it had just experienced a war可知，作者
对于去波斯尼亚感到犹豫，因为那里刚刚经历了一场战争。
42. A. carried on B. showed up
C. caught on D. turned up
解析： 根据上下文语境可知，艾伦继续告诉作者，联合国急
需志愿者。
43. A. pressing B. conflicting
C. frightening D. striking
解析： 根据下文作者内心的想法（一方面认为波斯尼亚危
险，一方面自己喜欢挑战）可知，内心的想法很冲突。
44. A. schedules B. insights
C. thoughts D. images
解析： 此处呼应下文thoughts won，指其他想法。
45. A. turned down B. set aside
C. left out D. took up
解析： 根据下文I may never get another chance可知，此处是作
者在假设拒绝邀请的情况。
46. A. former B. positive
C. terrible D. awesome
解析： 根据下文a plane to Tuzla， Bosnia where I spent three
interesting weeks可知，作者最终还是去了波斯尼亚作志愿者。由
此可知，积极的想法获胜了。
47. A. reserved B. guided
C. piloted D. boarded
解析： 根据空后a plane to Tuzla， Bosnia可知，这里指作者登
上了飞往波斯尼亚图兹拉的飞机。
48. A. battle B. mission
C. game D. duty
解析： 根据空前participate in another可知，此处指参加另一项
任务。下文many other tasks也是提示。
49. A. compare B. exchange
C. defeat D. balance
解析： 根据下文I have finished many other tasks in many
other countries since then.可知，作者在许多其他国家完成了
许多其他任务，因此此处是指作者让乐观的思想战胜消极的思
想已经20年了。
50. A. accepted B. refused
C. signed D. shared
解析： 根据空后my first Bosnia assignment以及上文语境可知，
作者接受了当时的波斯尼亚任务。
51. A. age B. count C. degree D. mark
解析： 根据上下文语境可知，下文fifty-eight是作者完成任务
的次数。
52. A. internationally B. deliberately
C. randomly D. occasionally
解析： 根据上文I had travelled to three foreign countries可知，
作者是国际志愿者。
53. A. proposal B. option
C. voice D. echo
解析： 根据空后inside telling me not to take a risk可知，
此处指内心的声音告诉作者不要冒险。下文I followed the
voice也是提示。
54. A. legend B. war C. dream D. story
解析： 根据文章内容可知，作者讲述了自己从事国际志愿者
的故事。
55. A. See B. Finish C. Help D. Take
解析： 根据上文内容可知，作者最后还是接受了去波斯尼亚
的任务。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式。
We as humans have to live with a lot of unfortunate realities，
including the fact 56 a lot of things we love end up being bad for
us.However， in recent years， it’s become 57 （increase）
clear that coffee， a well-known bad habit of millions and millions of
people， 58 （be） actually pretty good for you.
Recent studies have shown that being 59 regular coffee
drinker can reduce your risk of all kinds of diseases， including heart
attack and stroke.Now， a new research effort reveals that dark roast
coffee is particularly good at 60 （prevent） Alzheimer’s and
Parkinson’s disease.The findings 61 （publish） in Frontiers in
Neuroscience.
The study， which focused on a specific group of compounds
（化合物） 62 （call） phenylindanes， stresses the benefits of
choosing the type of roast you go with for your morning brew.Dark
roast is filled with the compounds， 63 are thought to stop the
production of a type of protein that is linked to Alzheimer’s and
Parkinson’s.
This is great news for would-be coffee drinkers who would love
to enjoy the 64 （benefit） from drinking coffee.The idea is that
the coffee roasting process is what’s creating the compounds，
meaning the 65 （long） the beans are cooked， the more
beneficial compounds find their way into the drink.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，长期喝咖啡有益于
健康，尤其有助于预防阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病。
56. that 考查同位语从句。fact后面是一个同位语从句，且该引
导词在句中无意义，不作句子成分，故填that。
本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，长期喝咖啡有益于
健康，尤其有助于预防阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病。
57. increasingly 考查词形转换。clear为形容词，前面需要一个副
词来修饰它，故填increasingly。
58. is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句主语为coffee，且陈述
一种客观现实，故填系动词is。
59. a 考查冠词。空后名词coffee drinker为单数可数名词，在句
中表泛指，且regular的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
60. preventing 考查非谓语动词。be good at （doing） sth是固定
表达，意为“擅长（做）某事”。
61. were published 考查动词的时态和语态。由于研究结果是
“被发表”，且发生在过去，因此使用一般过去时的被动语态。
62. called 考查非谓语动词。这里表示该化合物“被叫作”，故
填过去分词called。
63. which 考查定语从句。这里compounds是先行词，后面是一
个非限制性定语从句，故填which。
64. benefits 考查名词复数。这里benefit是可数名词，应用复数
形式。
65. longer 考查形容词的比较级。“the＋比较级...， the＋比较
级...”是一个固定句型，故填longer。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是学生会主席李华。你校将于下周举办美食节（Food
Festival） 活动，你受学校委托为国际部交换生写一则通知，内容
包括：
1. 活动时间和地点；
2. 活动内容；
3. 欢迎参加。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Aiming to help students gain a good knowledge of the Chinese food
culture， our school will host the Food Festival next week.
As scheduled， the Food Festival will be held in the dining hall.It
begins on Monday morning， lasting for 3 days.During the festival， a
variety of cuisines from different places will cater for our taste.In
addition， we can also participate in some activities， ranging from tasting
delicious snacks to dumpling making contests.More importantly， you
will have the opportunity to appreciate wonderful performances from top
chefs， which will definitely impress you.
If you are keen on the Chinese food culture， don’t miss this golden
opportunity！ All the exchange students are warmly welcome to the Food
Festival.
The Students’ Union
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
There are many things in senior middle school that I still remember
clearly.I studied three years in a country school， which is
faraway.However， it has a good environment and strict but kind
teachers， so I loved the school and all my teachers very much.
One Friday， just as we began to read books in reading class at our
desks， our teacher， Mrs Hill， said that she needed to be out of the
classroom for a few minutes.She asked the class to read in silence while
she was gone.And she said that those who didn’t read books in silence
would have to be punished when she returned.It was well known that Mrs
Hill was strict.So we had to be on our best behaviour.
But that Friday， Mrs Hill hadn’t been gone for ten seconds before
some students in the classroom started to talk.From one corner of the room
I heard Josh ask Nick， “Can I trade my candies for your toy？” At the
other end of the room I heard Samantha tell Kayla， “Let’s sit together
on the bus for the museum field trip tomorrow.” And so it went all
around me， until about half of the students communicated with each
other.
After a while， I， too， forgot about Mrs Hill’s instructions.I
turned back and asked my friend Liza， “Can I borrow your storybook
and keep it for a day？” As soon as the words were out of my mouth，
Mrs Hill walked into the classroom.The whole class returned to silence
immediately.And we were full of fear.
Mrs Hill slowly looked around the classroom and said， “If you
were talking while I was gone， then please stand up.” The guilt
suddenly weighed heavily on me.“I shouldn’t have talked while she
was not in the classroom.And now I should be honest and admit my
mistake bravely.This is what my parents have always told me.” I
thought.Then， I summoned up （鼓起） my courage to stand up，
worried about the punishment that waited for me.Then I looked around.
注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
To my surprise， no one followed me and I was the only one in the
classroom standing.
With Mrs Hill’s encouragement， another student stood up.
参考范文：
To my surprise， no one followed me and I was the only one in the
classroom standing. I lowered my head， alone and filled with fear.After
looking around for a while， Mrs Hill walked towards me.Strangely， she
asked in a soft voice， “Why did you dare to stand up？” I said I
wanted to be honest and that I realised what I had done was
wrong.Unexpectedly， Mrs Hill was quite amazed by my answer and
praised me for that.Then she returned to the front of the classroom and
explained why we should be honest.
With Mrs Hill’s encouragement， another student stood up. Then
more students followed until about half of the students stood up.Seeing
it， Mrs Hill praised us for our courage.Then， she asked us to sit
down.We continued reading books.After we finished， Mrs Hill reminded
us to remember that everyone should be responsible for his behaviour.We
all agreed with her.And I was happy that in a way I set a good example to
my classmates.
谢谢观看！
