Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
维度一：品句填词
1.It is a pity that he lost all the （统计数字） because of the sudden breakdown of his computer.
2.I have already （怀疑） that they won’t agree to my initial plan.
3.Without substantial statistics， I had no idea how to （处理） the difficult challenge.
4.Owing to the severe environmental pollution，this species of bird is （减少） in numbers every year.
5.There is no （证据） that this kind of lifestyle causes cancer in humans.
6.What made him f was that his son was infected with this terrible virus.
7.The businessman s much money to the university regularly where his son is studying.
8.What they may not know is that some bottled water may not be as p as they expect.
维度二：词形转换
1.This is one （prove） that environmental factors have a much higher effect than we thought.
2.Chinese herbs come from materials that are （pure） natural， which have small side effects.
3.The lake， once （severe） polluted， has turned into a beautiful theme park.
4.I was overcome with sadness because I （suspect） of stealing his money.
5.All of them blamed the mistake on me，making me quite （frustrate） and depressed.
6.Besides，your disagreements can also get （handle） if you put yourselves in others’ shoes.
7.Generally， yellow is （link） with confidence， self-respect and friendliness.
8.As a matter of fact， air， water， clothing and insects are all means of （infect）.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.It was not until I settled down and lived in Beijing I had a chance to pay a visit to the Great Wall.
2.Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day， so she subscribed the 21st Century.
3.Tom was hard-working that he made much progress in his studies.
4.The past 30 years （见证了巨大的变化） that have taken place in my hometown.
5.Emperor Qinshihuang succeeded in （将所有城墙连接起来）. Thus， the Great Wall came into being.
6. （ChatGPT是如此强大）that it can almost do anything.
7.The demand for teachers （每年在减少）.
8. （多亏了他的及时帮助）， I have made great progress in English learning.
维度四：课文语法填空
Cholera was one of the most feared 1. （disease） in the past. In the early 19th century， when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe， millions of people died from the disease. John Snow， 2. famous doctor， was determined 3. （destroy） cholera once and for all.
There were two theories about cholera at that time. One was 4. bad air caused the disease and the other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed 5. the second theory. He began to investigate， 6. （mark） on a map the exact places where all those who died 7. （live）.As a result， he found multiple deaths in one place while there were no deaths in another place.8. （eventual）， he found the evidence for the second theory. He succeeded in 9. （stop） the disease spreading.
Snow transformed the way of studying diseases， and therefore he 10. （consider） the father of modern epidemiology.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·常州高二下学期质检）
The maker of ChatGPT on Thursday unveiled its next leap into generative artificial intelligence with a tool that instantly makes short videos in response to written commands.
San Francisco-based OpenAI’s new text-to-video generator， called Sora， isn’t the first of its kind.Google， Meta and the start-up Runway ML are among the other companies to have demonstrated similar technology.
But the high quality of videos displayed by OpenAI — some after CEO Sam Altman asked social media users to send in ideas for written prompts （提示） — surprised observers while also raising fears about the ethical and societal problems.The negative effects of generative AI will be a critical topic for debate in 2024.It’s a substantial issue that every business and every person will need to face this year.
“An instructional cooking session for home-made dumplings hosted by a grandmother social media influencer set in a Tuscan country kitchen with cinematic lighting，” was a prompt suggested on X by a freelance photographer from New Hampshire.Altman responded a short time later with a realistic video that depicted what the prompt described.
The tool isn’t yet publicly available and OpenAI has revealed limited information about how it was built.The company， which has been sued （控告） by some authors and The New York Times over its use of copyrighted works of writing to train ChatGPT， also hasn’t disclosed what imagery and video sources were used to train Sora.（OpenAI pays an undisclosed fee to The Associated Press to license its text news archive）.
OpenAI said in a blog post that it’s engaging with artists， policymakers and others before releasing the new tool to the public.
“We are working with red teamers — domain experts in areas like misinformation， hateful content， and bias — who will be testing the model seriously，” the company said.“We’re also building tools to help detect misleading content such as a detection classifier that can tell when a video was generated by Sora.”
1.What can we learn about Sora？
A.It was the first to make videos.
B.It beat its competitors in speed.
C.It produces videos based on instructions.
D.It creates videos completely independently.
2.What did Sam Altman do on X？
A.He conducted a survey.
B.He gave a demonstration.
C.He made a presentation.
D.He performed an experiment.
3.Why was OpenAI sued by some authors？
A.It copied their works.
B.It trained Sora illegally.
C.It released Sora without permission.
D.It trained ChatGPT with their works.
4.What’s the purpose of OpenAI’s blog post？
A.To show Sora is difficult to release.
B.To prove Sora is wonderful enough.
C.To prove they are cautious about Sora.
D.To show they have worked hard on Sora.
B
（2024·淄博高二下学期月考）In an era of endless notifications from apps， devices and social media platforms， as well as access to more information than we could possibly consider， how do we find ways to manage？ And is the way we think， focus and process information changing as a result？
Maryanne Wolf is the director of the Center for Dyslexia， Diverse Learners and Social Justice at the University of California in the United States.Wolf is concerned that the amount of interaction we have with our screens and devices — and the speed at which we necessarily have to function — has changed us by removing from us the ability to be present.And we’re so accustomed to going so fast that becoming completely involved in an activity is difficult.
Kai Lukoff is an assistant professor at Santa Clara University in the US.He researches how apps， social media platforms and technology designers attempt to capture a user’s attention.“There are a thousand or more engineers， developers， designers on the other side of the screen who are purposefully or intentionally designing these services in order to capture your attention， to get you to spend more time on the site， to get you to click on more ads.”
Daniel Le Roux， a senior lecturer at Stellenbosch University in South Africa， looks at the effects of what we’re doing when we’re “media multitasking”.“Everybody’s doing it， and it’s， in a large way， a natural adaptation to the technological environment that has been created around us.”
Media multitasking， like skimming， is an adaptive response to an environment filled with information.And media multitasking comes at a cognitive （认知的） cost， Le Roux points out.“We bring what we might call a switch cost， which means our performance in our focal task is going to suffer.If you think of driving as the focal task， the reason we prohibit drivers from using their smartphones while they’re driving is because it distracts them from the task of driving.”
5.What is the result of our interaction with screens and devices according to Maryanne Wolf？
A.Having trouble in concentrating.
B.Becoming addicted to the Internet.
C.Having access to more information.
D.Building better relationships with others.
6.What does Kai Lukoff try to stress in the third paragraph？
A.Why social media apps are popular.
B.How social media platforms operate.
C.Platform workers’ efforts to attract users.
D.Great services of social media platforms.
7.Why does Daniel Le Roux give the example of driving？
A.To explain what media multitasking is.
B.To show the harm of media multitasking.
C.To explain why we’re media multitasking.
D.To show the benefits of media multitasking.
8.How does the author develop the passage？
A.By quoting some experts’ views.
B.By providing some typical examples.
C.By using the results of some surveys.
D.By analyzing some social phenomena.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·浙江四校高二下学期联考）The world of writing is changing.Things have moved very quickly from keyboards and predictive text.The rise of generative artificial intelligence （AI） means robots can now write human-quality text without having hands at all.
Recent improvements in speech-to-text software mean even human “writers” do not need to touch a keyboard， let alone a pen. 9 ， without having to lift a finger.The word “writer” may come to mean something very different， as people compose text in multiple ways in an increasingly digital world.
However， learning to handwrite is still a key component of the literacy curriculum in primary schools. 10 .But there are a number of important reasons why handwriting will still be taught in schools.
·It helps you remember
Handwriting has important cognitive benefits， including for memory.Research suggests traditional pen-and-paper notes are remembered better， due to the greater complexity of the handwriting process. 11 .In many cases， students become better readers through practising writing.
· 12
Handwriting does not need electricity， devices， batteries， software， subscriptions， a fast Internet connection， a keyboard， charging time or the many other things on which digital writing depends.It only needs pen and paper and can be done anywhere.Sometimes handwriting is the easiest and best option.
·It is about thinking
Most importantly， learning to write and learning to think are closely connected. 13 .They are developed and organised as they are composed.Thinking is too important to be outsourced to robots！
Teaching writing is about giving students a toolkit of multiple writing strategies.Handwriting will remain an important component of this toolkit for the foreseeable future.
A.It is very accessible
B.Ideas are formed as students write
C.It has become part of your daily routine
D.Writers of the future will be talkers and thinkers
E.And learning to read and handwrite are closely linked
F.Good handwriting can help you make a good first impression
G.Parents may be wondering whether learning to write by hand is worth the trouble
9. 10. 11.
12. 13.
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·济南高二上学期期末考试）I have heard that one is never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream. 14 with my job， I found myself in a bar on the eve of my 30th birthday preparing to 15 the night away.Instead， I walked out at 11：00 p.m.， and just 16 running.I hadn’t run in the past decade， and that 17 I ran thirty miles.That single act forever 18 the course of my life.
Another thing helped me to make the decision.My boss gave each of us a copy of Chicken Soup for the Soul and 19 us to read a story or two.I was 20 — this was not her favourite business book！
Many of my colleagues would 21 the bars after a busy day at work.I started running as a way to 22 the pressure.But I also started reading. 23 enough， I found much in common between the two.
Since walking out of that 24 on the eve of my 30th birthday， my life has been 25 changed.I decided to make my passion for running my job.I had no 26 how I was going to do this， but I just realised 27 I followed my heart and did what I loved， I could somehow make a success of it.If nothing else， I’d certainly be a lot 28 than if I continued going to work every day in a job I didn’t enjoy.
14.A.Satisfied B.Unhappy
C.Impatient D.Surprised
15.A.spend B.drink
C.throw D.drive
16.A.continued B.finished
C.started D.enjoyed
17.A.holiday B.morning
C.afternoon D.evening
18.A.changed B.decided
C.created D.discovered
19.A.allowed B.encouraged
C.forced D.prevented
20.A.delighted B.disappointed
C.confused D.touched
21.A.got B.took
C.had D.hit
22.A.deal with B.take over
C.go over D.turn down
23.A.Strangely B.Interestingly
C.Clearly D.Luckily
24.A.company B.restaurant
C.bar D.hotel
25.A.formally B.completely
C.suddenly D.naturally
26.A.decision B.belief
C.hope D.idea
27.A.though B.because
C.if D.unless
28.A.happier B.busier
C.lonelier D.quicker
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
基础知识自测
维度一
1.statistics 2.suspected 3.handle 4.decreasing 5.proof
6.frustrated 7.subscribes 8.pure
维度二
1.proof 2.purely 3.severely 4.was suspected
5.frustrated 6.handled 7.linked 8.infection
维度三
1.that 2.to 3.so 4.have seen the great changes
5.having all the walls joined together 6.So powerful is ChatGPT 7.is on the decrease each year 8.Thanks to his timely help
维度四
1.diseases 2.a 3.to destroy 4.that 5.to 6.marking 7.had lived 8.Eventually 9.stopping 10.is considered
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。ChatGPT的研发者OpenAI在生成式人工智能方面取得了又一次飞跃，它推出了可以根据书面指令立即制作短视频的Sora。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一至三段可知，Sora的主要功能是在接受用户指令后生成视频，它并非同类产品中的第一家，它超越竞争对手之处主要在于其生成视频的质量。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三、四段可知，Sam Altman是OpenAI的 CEO，他在网上让社交媒体用户发来各种指令，然后他用Sora来生成视频。显然他是在给用户演示Sora。
3.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知，之所以OpenAI被一些作家控告，是因为它在训练ChatGPT时使用了这些作家的作品。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，OpenAI在这篇博文中表示，在向公众发布Sora之前，他们正在与艺术家、政策制定者和其他人群进行接触，同时让很多专家试用并严格测试该软件。由此推知，这篇博文主要表明OpenAI对于推出Sora持非常谨慎的态度。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。身处网络时代，我们每天都面对没完没了的电子干扰。这些电子干扰会对我们产生什么影响呢？
5.A 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Maryanne Wolf认为，电子干扰带来的结果是我们很难全身心地专注于某事，也很难认真地活在当下。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Kai Lukoff指出，在那些app以及社交媒体平台的背后，都有很多工作人员在想尽一切办法吸引网络用户的注意力。
7.B 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，Daniel Le Roux提出了media multitasking这一概念，然后通过列举驾驶员禁用手机这一例子，来说明媒体多任务带来的危害。
8.A 推理判断题。综合全文可知，作者第一段先陈述电子干扰这一社会现象并提出问题，接下来通过引用三位专家的观点来进一步阐述这一话题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在电子设备越来越普及的今天，我们还有必要练习手写吗？
9.D 此处上下文都在讨论writer这一职业和这一单词含义在未来面临的变化，因此D项符合语境。
10.G 空前一句指出学习手写仍然是小学读写课程的重要组成部分。G项承接上文，说明家长对此的顾虑：是否还值得费这么大劲学习写字。
11.E 空后一句指出书写可以促进学生阅读能力的提升，这正好是对E项的具体阐释和说明。
12.A 设空处为段落小标题。下文主要说明了手写的便捷性：无需电源、无需设备，也无需网络，随时随地都可以进行。A项正好是对此段大意的准确概括。
13.B 上下文都在论述书写和思维的紧密相连，B项（书写的过程同步产生思想）符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者放弃了自己厌倦的工作，踏上了跑步之路——他的人生从此改变。
14.B 根据文章最后一句可知，作者当时厌倦了自己的工作。
15.B 因为上文提到作者去了一家酒吧，所以他应该是打算整晚在里面喝酒。
16.C 根据下一句可知，作者已经好多年没有跑步了，因此这时他是开始跑步。
17.D 根据上文I walked out at 11：00 p.m.可知，作者是在晚上跑步。
18.A 根据下文可知，作者的这次跑步改变了他后来的人生。
19.B 老板给每位员工发了一本《心灵鸡汤》，自然是鼓励他们阅读。
20.C 作者对老板的举动感到困惑——因为老板没有给员工发她最喜欢的商业图书。
21.D 作者的许多同事在忙碌了一天之后都会去酒吧。hit the bar是一个固定表达，表示“泡酒吧”。
22.A 作者将跑步看作应对压力的方法。deal with应对；处理。
23.B 作者发现了跑步和读书之间的相似之处，这自然是很有趣的。
24.C 根据上文可知，作者在30岁生日前的那个晚上去了酒吧。
25.B 作者认为，从那天晚上开始，自己的人生被彻底改变了。
26.D 作者当时并不知道自己如何会将跑步变成自己的职业。have no idea相当于don’t know。
27.C 本句表示作者当时的一种想法和假设，因此应选if。
28.A 比起做自己不喜欢的工作，作者认为自己一定会更加快乐和幸福。
2 / 6Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA①”
[1]Cholera used to② be one of the most feared diseases in the world， until a British doctor， John Snow， showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe③ diarrhoea④， dehydration⑤， and even death.In the early 19th century， when an outbreak⑥ of cholera hit Europe， millions of people died from the disease.[2]As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated⑦ because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time， he rose to become a famous doctor， and even attended to⑧ Queen Victoria [3]when she gave birth.However， he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all⑨.
[1]until在句中引导时间状语从句；how引导的从句作动词showed的宾语；过去分词feared作定语，修饰名词diseases；John Snow是a British doctor的同位语。
[2]because引导原因状语从句；“疑问词how＋动词不定式短语”作动词knew的宾语。
[3]when引导时间状语从句。
In general⑩， doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.[4]One theory was that bad air caused the disease.[5]The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory.It was correct， but he still needed proof .Consequently ， when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854， Snow began to investigate .[6]He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
[4][5]两句中的that均引导表语从句，不作任何成分，只起连接作用，且不可省略。
[6]第一个that引导的从句作动词discovered的宾语；在该从句中含有一个so ...that ...句型，该句型中that引导结果状语从句。
[7]Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street （especially house numbers 16， 37， 38， and 40）.However， some households （such as 20 and 21 Broad Street， and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street） had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer， and so had not drunk the water from the pump.[8]Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame . What is more， in another part of London， a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.[9]It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence， John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly ， he had the handle of the pump removed [10]so that it could not be used.Through this intervention ， the disease was stopped in its tracks .
[7] 该句中的介词短语by marking on a map作方式状语修饰动词began；where和who引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词places和those。
[8]that引导的从句作动词suspected的宾语；be to blame意为“该受责备”，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
[9]It seemed that ...意为“好像……”；had it delivered是“have＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语让别人做某事”。
[10]so that在句中引导目的状语从句。
[11]The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreover， Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames [12]that was polluted by raw waste.[13]The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
[11]连接词that在句中引导表语从句。
[12]关系代词that在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词the River Thames。
[13]句子主干使用了一个比较级结构；句中两个关系代词who都引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词people和those； be likely to do sth意为“有可能做某事”。
Through Snow’s tireless efforts ， water companies began to sell clean water， and [14]the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease .However， cholera is still a problem.Each year， millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Fortunately， we now know how to prevent cholera， thanks to the work of John Snow.Moreover， in his use of maps and statistics ， Snow transformed the way [15]scientists study diseases.For this reason， Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology .
[14]该句谓语动词是saw，使用了拟人的修辞手法，意为“见证；目睹”。
[15]此处是省略了that或in which的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
【读文清障】
①cholera n.霍乱
②used to 过去常常
③severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
④diarrhoea n.腹泻
⑤dehydration n.脱水
⑥outbreak n.爆发
⑦frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
⑧attend to照顾
⑨once and for all最终地；彻底地
⑩in general一般来说
contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
infection n.感染；传染
infect vt.使感染；传染
germ n.微生物；细菌；病菌
subscribe vi.认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）
subscribe to同意；赞同
proof n.证据；证明；检验
consequently adv.因此；所以
investigate v.调查
multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的
pump n.泵；抽水机；打气筒
water pump 水泵
household n.一家人；家庭；同住一所（套）房子的人
suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责
deliver vt.运送；传递
as a result of由于……；因为……
accordingly adv.相应地
handle n.把手；拉手；柄
vt.处理；搬动；操纵（车辆、动物、工具等）
remove v.移走
intervention n.介入；出面；干涉
track n.轨道；足迹
link n.联系；纽带
vt.把……连接起来；相关联
case n.病例
raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的
tireless efforts不懈的努力
substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的
decrease n.减少；降低；减少量
vt.& vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低
thanks to幸亏；由于
statistic n.[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学
transform vt.使改观；使改变形态
vi.改变；转变
epidemiology n.流行病学
【参考译文】
约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。十九世纪初，霍乱爆发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医，甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。
关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦爆发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。
斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡（尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅），但是有些住户（如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号）却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。
事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未经处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。
经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.What’s the main idea of the passage？
A.How John Snow found the cause of cholera and defeated it.
B.The cause of cholera was polluted water.
C.The source of all drinking water should be examined.
D.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.
2.Read the whole passage quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A.John Snow began his study by marking on a map.
Para.2 B.John Snow decided to prove the second theory.
Para.3 C.John Snow’s contributions.
Para.4 D.John Snow desired to defeat cholera.
Para.5 E.The truth of the infection of cholera.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.Why did John Snow become frustrated？
A.An outbreak of cholera hit Europe.
B.Millions of people died from cholera.
C.Nobody knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
D.Doctors had two contradictory theories about cholera.
2.What was the key leading to John Snow’s discovery？
A.The woman.
B.The government.
C.The water company.
D.The map made by himself.
3.How did Snow begin his job？
A.By making a survey.
B.By finding the reason.
C.By offering a solution.
D.By studying the disease.
4.What led to people’s getting cholera in London？
A.Drinking polluted water.
B.Eating polluted food.
C.Breathing polluted air.
D.Having unhealthy lifestyles.
第三步：品佳句妙笔生辉
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the mood of sadness.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing John Snow’s determination.
第四步：抒己见提升思维
1.What can we learn from John Snow when facing an epidemic？
2.What do John Snow and Zhong Nanshan have in common？
第五步：辨难句拆分解读
1.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
句式分析 第一个that引导 ，第二个that引导 。
自主翻译
2.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.
句式分析 主句为 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places，where引导 从句，修饰先行词 ；who引导 从句，修饰先行词 。
自主翻译
3.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
句式分析 本句中 意为“如此……以至于……”，that引导 从句。had it delivered为“have＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，意为“让某事被做”。
自主翻译
核心词汇集释
frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
【教材原句】 As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。
【用法】
（1）feel/be frustrated at/with ...
对……感到沮丧/懊恼
（2）frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的
frustrate vt. 挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心
frustration n. 挫折
【佳句】 Frustrated and disappointed， I felt as if I were thrown into a world of limitless darkness. （读后续写之心理描写）
既沮丧又失望，我感觉自己好像被扔进了一个无尽的黑暗世界之中。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①By the way，we often feel （frustrate）， which has a very bad effect on our studies.
②Finding your first job can be both a rewarding and （frustrate） experience.
【写美】 完成句子
③I in the contest and tears of frustration welled up in my eyes. （读后续写之心理描写）
我对自己在比赛中的糟糕表现感到沮丧，我的眼睛里涌出懊恼的泪水。
subscribe vi.认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）
【教材原句】 Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯诺赞同第二种看法。
【用法】
（1）subscribe to
同意；赞同；订购；捐款；捐助；订阅
subscribe ... to ...
在……上签署……；向……捐……
（2）subscriber n.订阅人；订购者；定期捐款者
【佳句】 All of us subscribe to the view that a good parent-children relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect.
我们所有人都赞成这个观点：好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和尊重。
【练透】 语境辨义
①It was the outstanding professor who always subscribed to our school， to which we were sincerely grateful.
②To broaden our horizons and enrich our school lives， I have subscribed to the English newspaper Youth in the past three years.
③Do you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the economy？
suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
【教材原句】 Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
【用法】
suspect sb/sth to be ...
怀疑/猜想某人/某物是……
suspect sb of （doing） sth 怀疑某人（做过）某事
suspect that ... 怀疑/认为……（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）
【佳句】 Initially， Bernard suspected that he couldn’t sell his popcorn as planned. （读后续写之心理描写）
起初，伯纳德怀疑他不能按计划卖掉爆米花。
【练透】 单句语法填空
① （suspect） of stealing the car， he was arrested by the police.
②Two （suspect） in connection with the case are now being questioned at present.
【写美】 完成句子
③The person I respect most is my English teacher，who never .我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他从不怀疑我们会实现梦想。
blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责
【用法】
（1）blame sb for （doing） sth 因（做）某事责备某人
blame sth on ... 把某事归咎于……
be to blame （for sth） （对某事）负有责任
（2）take/bear the blame for 对……承担责任
put/place the blame for sth on ... 把某事归咎于……
【佳句】 Instead of blaming others，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place. （建议信）
我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In my view， Li Hua， who broke the school rules， was （blame）.
②Although the teaching assistant was to blame the severe mistake，the foreign teacher didn’t blame her it.
【写美】 句式升级
③Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network.
→ ， Alice was in low spirits. （过去分词短语作状语）
link n.联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联
【教材原句】 Moreover， Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。
【用法】
（1）There is a link between ...and ...
……和……之间有联系
（2）link ...to/with ...
将……和……联系或连接起来
be linked to ... 与……有联系/有关
【佳句】 Some diseases are closely linked to smoking.
有些疾病与吸烟密切相关。
【写美】 完成句子
， and as a result， it is necessary for us to .
健康问题和不良的饮食习惯之间是有联系的，因此，我们有必要将身体健康和健康的饮食联系起来。
decrease n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低
【教材原句】 Through Snow’s tireless efforts， water companies began to sell clean water， and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。
【用法】
（1）a decrease in ...在……方面的减少/降低
on the decrease 在减少
（2）decrease （from ...） to ...（从……）减少到……（表示减少后的量）
decrease by ... 减少了……（表示减少的量）
decrease in ... 在……方面减少
【佳句】 The data shows that the past year saw a sharp decrease in the number of people who liked group travel.
数据显示，在过去的一年喜欢团体游的人数急剧减少。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Not having enough sleep will have an impact on our health， leading to a decrease learning efficiency.
【写美】 完成句子
②Teenagers’ understanding of ancient Chinese traditions and customs ，but thanks to various relevant activities，the number of those who appreciate Chinese traditions .
青少年对中国古代传统和习俗的了解正在减少，但多亏了各种相关活动，欣赏中国传统的人数正在增加。
thanks to幸亏；由于
【教材原句】 Fortunately， we now know how to prevent cholera， thanks to the work of John Snow.幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。
【用法】
其他表示“原因”的短语：
（1）because of， on account of， as a result of等常作状语，一般不作表语，可置于句首或句末；
（2）due to，owing to在句中作状语或表语。
【佳句】 “Thanks to your encouragement and assistance， I could take part in the cross-country run，” David said， with tears of gratitude shining in his eyes.
大卫说：“多亏了您的鼓励和帮助，我才能参加越野赛跑。”感激的泪水在他的眼里闪烁。
【写美】 完成句子
① ， the two rescued children were finally reunited with their family happily.
多亏了杰克的勇敢和冷静，被救的两个孩子最终高兴地与家人团聚了。
②I hold the strong belief that your outstanding success is your hard work and tireless efforts.
我坚信你杰出的成就是因为你的勤奋工作和不懈努力。
transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
【教材原句】 Moreover， in his use of maps and statistics， Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
【用法】
（1）transform ... into ... 使……转变成……
（2）transformation n. 变化，转变；改观
【佳句】 She used to be terribly shy， but a year abroad has completely transformed her.
她过去十分腼腆，但在国外待了一年以后完全变了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The past ten years have witnessed a complete （transform） of my hometown.
【写美】 完成句子
②Your generous help and kindness an unforgettable memory.你的慷慨帮助和善意使我的第一次加拿大之行成为一个难忘的回忆。
重点句型解构
句型公式：until引导时间状语从句
【教材原句】 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world， until a British doctor， John Snow， showed how it could be overcome.
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
【用法】
（1）not ... until ...意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句。
（2）在not ... until ...句型中，可以把not until提到句首，此时主句用部分倒装语序。
（3）not ... until ...句型的强调句为
It is/was not until ... that ...
【品悟】 The voice became louder and louder until David dragged his leg， passing the finishing line. （读后续写之动作描写）
声音越来越大，直到大卫拖着腿通过了终点线。
【写美】 完成句子/一句多译
①I left the hospital with confidence，promising that .
我满怀信心地离开了医院，并承诺我会继续努力，直到完美地完成这个项目。
②直到我听到消息，我才意识到自己赢得了比赛。
→ I had won the contest.（倒装句）
→ I had won the contest.（强调句）
句型公式：so ... that ...如此……以至于……
【教材原句】 He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。
【用法】
（1）引导结果状语从句的两个句型：
①so＋
②such＋
（2）当so或such位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装语序。
【品悟】 ①She was so tired after work that she fell asleep as soon as her head hit the pillow.
她下班后太累了，头一碰到枕头就睡着了。
②She was such a talented musician that her performances always appealed to the audience.
她是一位才华横溢的音乐家，她的表演总是能吸引观众。
【写美】 一句多译/完成句子
①随着汽车逐渐靠近他的家乡，他的心剧烈地跳动，感到非常紧张。 （读后续写之心理描写）
→As the car got closer and closer to his hometown， his heart beat .
→As the car got closer and closer to his hometown， .
②The Spoken English Club holds more and more students.Many club members they can speak English more fluently than before.
英语口语社团定期举办很多活动，以至于吸引了越来越多的学生。许多社团成员取得了很大进步，他们的英语说得比以前更流利了。
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.A
2.Paras.1－5 DBAEC
第二步
1－4 CDBA
第三步
1.As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
2.（1）However， he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.
（2）He was determined to find out why.
第四步
1.When facing an epidemic， we should find the cause of it， cut off the transmission route of the virus， develop vaccines and find the cure for it.
2.They are wise and resolute to overcome difficulties by using scientific methods.Meanwhile， they treat the sick with love and kindness.
第五步
1.宾语从句 结果状语从句 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。
2.定语 the exact places 定语 those 斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。
3.so ... that ... 结果状语 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①frustrated ②frustrating ③was frustrated at my poor performance
2.①捐助 ②订阅 ③赞同
3.①Suspected ②suspects ③suspects us of achieving our dreams
4.①to blame ②for； for ③Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network
5.There is a link between health problems and bad eating habits； link physical health to/with healthy diets
6.①in ②is on the decrease/is decreasing； is on the increase/is increasing
7.①Thanks to Jack’s bravery and calmness
②due to/owing to
8.①transformation ②transformed my first Canada trip into
重点句型解构
1.①I would keep trying until I finished the project wonderfully
②Not until I heard the news did I realise that； It was not until I heard the news that I realised that
2.①so violently that he felt very nervous； so violently did his heart beat that he felt very nervous ②so many activities regularly that it appeals to/attracts； have made such great progress that
11 / 11(共116张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA①”
[1]Cholera used to② be one of the most feared diseases in the
world， until a British doctor， John Snow， showed how it could be
overcome. This illness causes severe③ diarrhoea④， dehydration⑤， and
even death.In the early 19th century， when an outbreak⑥ of cholera hit
Europe， millions of people died from the disease.[2]As a young
doctor， John Snow became frustrated⑦ because no one knew how to
prevent or treat cholera. In time， he rose to become a famous doctor，
and even attended to⑧ Queen Victoria [3]when she gave birth.However，
he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all⑨.
[1]until在句中引导时间状语从句；how引导的从句作动词
showed的宾语；过去分词feared作定语，修饰名词diseases；John
Snow是a British doctor的同位语。
[2]because引导原因状语从句；“疑问词how＋动词不定式短
语”作动词knew的宾语。
[3]when引导时间状语从句。
【读文清障】
①cholera n.霍乱
②used to 过去常常
③severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
④diarrhoea n.腹泻
⑤dehydration n.脱水
⑥outbreak n.爆发
⑦frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
⑧attend to照顾
⑨once and for all最终地；彻底地
In general⑩， doctors in those days had two contradictory theories
to explain how cholera spread.[4]One theory was that bad air caused the
disease.[5]The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from
germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory.It was
correct， but he still needed proof .Consequently ， when an outbreak
of cholera hit London in 1854， Snow began to investigate .[6]He
discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe
that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out
why.
[4][5]两句中的that均引导表语从句，不作任何成分，只起连接
作用，且不可省略。
[6]第一个that引导的从句作动词discovered的宾语；在该从句中
含有一个so ...that ...句型，该句型中that引导结果状语从句。
⑩in general一般来说
contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
infection n.感染；传染
infect vt.使感染；传染
germ n.微生物；细菌；病菌
subscribe vi.认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）
subscribe to同意；赞同
proof n.证据；证明；检验
consequently adv.因此；所以
investigate v.调查
[7]Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those
who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump
in Broad Street （especially house numbers 16， 37， 38， and
40）.However， some households （such as 20 and 21 Broad Street，
and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street） had had no deaths.These people worked
in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer， and so
had not drunk the water from the pump.[8]Snow suspected that the
water pump was to blame .
What is more， in another part of London， a woman and her daughter
had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.[9]It seemed
that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it
delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence， John
Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera
germs.Accordingly ， he had the handle of the pump removed
[10]so that it could not be used.Through this intervention ， the disease
was stopped in its tracks .
[7] 该句中的介词短语by marking on a map作方式状语修饰动词
began；where和who引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词places和those。
[8]that引导的从句作动词suspected的宾语；be to blame意为“该
受责备”，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
[9]It seemed that ...意为“好像……”；had it delivered是“have
＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语让别
人做某事”。
[10]so that在句中引导目的状语从句。
multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的
pump n.泵；抽水机；打气筒
water pump 水泵
household n.一家人；家庭；同住一所（套）房子的人
suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责
deliver vt.运送；传递
as a result of由于……；因为……
accordingly adv.相应地
handle n.把手；拉手；柄
vt.处理；搬动；操纵（车辆、动物、工具等）
remove v.移走
intervention n.介入；出面；干涉
track n.轨道；足迹
[11]The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had
been infected by waste.Moreover， Snow was later able to show a link
between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in
London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames [12]that was
polluted by raw waste.[13]The people who drank this water were much
more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
[11]连接词that在句中引导表语从句。
[12]关系代词that在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词the River
Thames。
[13]句子主干使用了一个比较级结构；句中两个关系代词who都
引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词people和those； be likely to do sth意
为“有可能做某事”。
link n.联系；纽带
vt.把……连接起来；相关联
case n.病例
raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的
Through Snow’s tireless efforts ， water companies began to sell
clean water， and [14]the threat of cholera around the world saw a
substantial decrease .However， cholera is still a problem.Each
year， millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from
it.Fortunately， we now know how to prevent cholera， thanks to the
work of John Snow.Moreover， in his use of maps and statistics ，
Snow transformed the way [15]scientists study diseases.For this
reason， Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology .
[14]该句谓语动词是saw，使用了拟人的修辞手法，意为“见
证；目睹”。
[15]此处是省略了that或in which的定语从句，修饰先行词the
way。
tireless efforts不懈的努力
substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的
decrease n.减少；降低；减少量
vt.& vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低
thanks to幸亏；由于
statistic n.[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学
transform vt.使改观；使改变形态
vi.改变；转变
epidemiology n.流行病学
【参考译文】
约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世
界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。
十九世纪初，霍乱爆发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知
道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了
一位名医，甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻
底根除霍乱的愿望。
关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看
法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的
细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，
但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦爆发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调
查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人
死亡。他决心查明原因。
斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近
有多例死亡（尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅），但是有些住户
（如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号）却无人死亡。这些幸存者
在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水
泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个
区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非常
喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这
个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，
他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制
了疾病的蔓延。
事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺
之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。有些公
司出售的水取自被未经处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯净水
或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。
经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍
乱的威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是问题。每年全球有数百万人感染
霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们
现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了
科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1. What’s the main idea of the passage？
A. How John Snow found the cause of cholera and defeated it.
B. The cause of cholera was polluted water.
C. The source of all drinking water should be examined.
D. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.
2. Read the whole passage quickly and match the main idea with each
paragraph.
Para.1 A. John Snow began his study by marking on a map.
Para.2 B. John Snow decided to prove the second theory.
Para.3 C. John Snow’s contributions.
Para.4 D. John Snow desired to defeat cholera.
Para.5 E. The truth of the infection of cholera.
答案：Paras.1－5 DBAEC
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1. Why did John Snow become frustrated？
A. An outbreak of cholera hit Europe.
B. Millions of people died from cholera.
C. Nobody knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
D. Doctors had two contradictory theories about cholera.
2. What was the key leading to John Snow’s discovery？
A. The woman.
B. The government.
C. The water company.
D. The map made by himself.
3. How did Snow begin his job？
A. By making a survey.
B. By finding the reason.
C. By offering a solution.
D. By studying the disease.
4. What led to people’s getting cholera in London？
A. Drinking polluted water.
B. Eating polluted food.
C. Breathing polluted air.
D. Having unhealthy lifestyles.
第三步：品佳句妙笔生辉
1. Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the mood of
sadness.
2. Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing John
Snow’s determination.
As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one
knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
（1）However， he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and
for all.
（2）He was determined to find out why.
第四步：抒己见提升思维
1. What can we learn from John Snow when facing an epidemic？
2. What do John Snow and Zhong Nanshan have in common？
When facing an epidemic， we should find the cause of it， cut off
the transmission route of the virus， develop vaccines and find the cure
for it.
They are wise and resolute to overcome difficulties by using scientific
methods.Meanwhile， they treat the sick with love and kindness.
第五步：辨难句拆分解读
1. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so
severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
句式分析 第一个that引导 ，第二个that引导
。
自主翻译
宾语从句
结果状
语从句
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有
500多人死亡。
2. Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who
died had lived.
句式分析 主句为 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places，
where引导 从句，修饰先行词 ；who引
导 从句，修饰先行词 。
自主翻译
定语
the exact places
定语
those
斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。
3. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that
she had it delivered to her house every day.
句式分析 本句中 意为“如此……以至
于……”，that引导 从句。had it delivered为“have＋
宾语＋过去分词”结构，意为“让某事被做”。
自主翻译
so ... that ...
结果状语
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人
从那里打水运到家里来。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
【教材原句】 As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated
because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 由于当时无人知道
如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。
核心词汇集释
（1）feel/be frustrated at/with ...
对……感到沮丧/懊恼
（2）frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的
frustrate vt. 挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心
frustration n. 挫折
【用法】
【佳句】 Frustrated and disappointed， I felt as if I were thrown into a
world of limitless darkness. （读后续写之心理描写）
既沮丧又失望，我感觉自己好像被扔进了一个无尽的黑暗世界之中。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①By the way，we often feel （frustrate）， which has a
very bad effect on our studies.
②Finding your first job can be both a rewarding and
（frustrate） experience.
frustrated
frustrating
【写美】 完成句子
③I in the contest and tears of
frustration welled up in my eyes. （读后续写之心理描写）
我对自己在比赛中的糟糕表现感到沮丧，我的眼睛里涌出懊恼的
泪水。
was frustrated at my poor performance
subscribe vi.认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）
【教材原句】 Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯诺赞同第二种
看法。
（1）subscribe to
同意；赞同；订购；捐款；捐助；订阅
subscribe ... to ...
在……上签署……；向……捐……
（2）subscriber n.订阅人；订购者；定期捐款者
【用法】
【佳句】 All of us subscribe to the view that a good parent-children
relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect. 我们所有人都
赞成这个观点：好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和尊重。
【练透】 语境辨义
①It was the outstanding professor who always subscribed to our school，
to which we were sincerely grateful.
②To broaden our horizons and enrich our school lives， I have
subscribed to the English newspaper Youth in the past three
years.
③Do you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the
economy？
捐助
订阅
赞同
suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
【教材原句】 Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.斯诺
怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
suspect sb/sth to be ... 怀疑/猜想某人/某物是……
suspect sb of （doing） sth 怀疑某人（做过）某事
suspect that ... 怀疑/认为……（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）
【用法】
【佳句】 Initially， Bernard suspected that he couldn’t sell his
popcorn as planned. （读后续写之心理描写）
起初，伯纳德怀疑他不能按计划卖掉爆米花。
【练透】 单句语法填空
① （suspect） of stealing the car， he was arrested by the
police.
②Two （suspect） in connection with the case are now
being questioned at present.
Suspected
suspects
【写美】 完成句子
③The person I respect most is my English teacher，who never
.我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他从不怀
疑我们会实现梦想。
suspects
us of achieving our dreams
blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责
【用法】
（1）blame sb for （doing） sth 因（做）某事责备某人
blame sth on ... 把某事归咎于……
be to blame （for sth） （对某事）负有责任
（2）take/bear the blame for 对……承担责任
put/place the blame for sth on ... 把某事归咎于……
【佳句】 Instead of blaming others，we should communicate more and
put ourselves in others’ place. （建议信）
我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In my view， Li Hua， who broke the school rules， was
（blame）.
②Although the teaching assistant was to blame the severe
mistake，the foreign teacher didn’t blame her it.
to blame
for
for
【写美】 句式升级
③Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of
the school computer network.
→ ， Alice
was in low spirits. （过去分词短语作状语）
Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network
link n.联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联
【教材原句】 Moreover， Snow was later able to show a link
between other cases of cholera and the different water companies
in London.此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家
饮用水公司有关。
（1）There is a link between ...and ... ……和……之间有联系
（2）link ...to/with ... 将……和……联系或连接起来
be linked to ... 与……有联系/有关
【用法】
【佳句】 Some diseases are closely linked to smoking.
有些疾病与吸烟密切相关。
【写美】 完成句子
， and
as a result， it is necessary for us to
.
健康问题和不良的饮食习惯之间是有联系的，因此，我们有必要将身
体健康和健康的饮食联系起来。
There is a link between health problems and bad eating habits
link physical health to/with healthy
diets
decrease n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.（使大小、数量等）减
少；减小；降低
【教材原句】 Through Snow’s tireless efforts， water companies
began to sell clean water， and the threat of cholera around the world saw
a substantial decrease.
经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的
威胁大幅降低。
【用法】
（1）a decrease in ... 在……方面的减少/降低
on the decrease 在减少
（2）decrease （from ...） to ... （从……）减少到……（表示
减少后的量）
decrease by ... 减少了……（表示减少的量）
decrease in ... 在……方面减少
【佳句】 The data shows that the past year saw a sharp decrease in the
number of people who liked group travel.
数据显示，在过去的一年喜欢团体游的人数急剧减少。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Not having enough sleep will have an impact on our health， leading to
a decrease learning efficiency.
in
【写美】 完成句子
②Teenagers’ understanding of ancient Chinese traditions and
customs ，but thanks to various
relevant activities，the number of those who appreciate Chinese
traditions .
青少年对中国古代传统和习俗的了解正在减少，但多亏了各种相关活
动，欣赏中国传统的人数正在增加。
is on the decrease/is decreasing
is on the increase/is increasing
thanks to幸亏；由于
【教材原句】 Fortunately， we now know how to prevent cholera，
thanks to the work of John Snow.
幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。
其他表示“原因”的短语：
（1）because of， on account of， as a result of等常作状语，一般不作
表语，可置于句首或句末；
（2）due to，owing to在句中作状语或表语。
【用法】
【佳句】 “Thanks to your encouragement and assistance， I could
take part in the cross-country run，” David said， with tears of gratitude
shining in his eyes.
大卫说：“多亏了您的鼓励和帮助，我才能参加越野赛跑。”感激的
泪水在他的眼里闪烁。
【写美】 完成句子
① ， the two rescued children
were finally reunited with their family happily.
多亏了杰克的勇敢和冷静，被救的两个孩子最终高兴地与家人团
聚了。
②I hold the strong belief that your outstanding success is
your hard work and tireless efforts.
我坚信你杰出的成就是因为你的勤奋工作和不懈努力。
Thanks to Jack’s bravery and calmness
due to/owing
to
transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
【教材原句】 Moreover， in his use of maps and statistics， Snow
transformed the way scientists study diseases.
此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
（1）transform ... into ... 使……转变成……
（2）transformation n. 变化，转变；改观
【用法】
【佳句】 She used to be terribly shy， but a year abroad has completely
transformed her.
她过去十分腼腆，但在国外待了一年以后完全变了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The past ten years have witnessed a complete
（transform） of my hometown.
transformation
【写美】 完成句子
②Your generous help and kindness
an unforgettable memory.
你的慷慨帮助和善意使我的第一次加拿大之行成为一个难忘的回忆。
transformed my first Canada trip
into
重点句型解构
句型公式：until引导时间状语从句
【教材原句】 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the
world， until a British doctor， John Snow， showed how it could be
overcome.
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上
最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
【用法】
（1）not ... until ...意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从
句。
（2）在not ... until ...句型中，可以把not until提到句首，此时主句
用部分倒装语序。
（3）not ... until ...句型的强调句为
It is/was not until ... that ...
【品悟】 The voice became louder and louder until David dragged his
leg， passing the finishing line. （读后续写之动作描写）
声音越来越大，直到大卫拖着腿通过了终点线。
【写美】 完成句子/一句多译
①I left the hospital with confidence，promising that
.
我满怀信心地离开了医院，并承诺我会继续努力，直到完美地完成这
个项目。
②直到我听到消息，我才意识到自己赢得了比赛。
→ I had won the contest.
（倒装句）
→ I had won the
contest.（强调句）
I would keep
trying until I finished the project wonderfully
Not until I heard the news did I realise that
It was not until I heard the news that I realised that
句型公式：so ... that ...如此……以至于……
【教材原句】 He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera
outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现
霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。
【用法】
（1）引导结果状语从句的两个句型：
①so＋
②such＋
（2）当so或such位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装语序。
【品悟】 ①She was so tired after work that she fell asleep as soon as
her head hit the pillow.
她下班后太累了，头一碰到枕头就睡着了。
②She was such a talented musician that her performances always
appealed to the audience.
她是一位才华横溢的音乐家，她的表演总是能吸引观众。
【写美】 一句多译/完成句子
①随着汽车逐渐靠近他的家乡，他的心剧烈地跳动，感到非常紧张。
（读后续写之心理描写）
→As the car got closer and closer to his hometown， his heart beat
.
→As the car got closer and closer to his hometown，
.
so
violently that he felt very nervous
so violently did his
heart beat that he felt very nervous
②The Spoken English Club holds
more and more students.Many club members
they can speak English more fluently than
before.
英语口语社团定期举办很多活动，以至于吸引了越来越多的学生。许
多社团成员取得了很大进步，他们的英语说得比以前更流利了。
so many activities regularly that it
appeals to/attracts
have
made such great progress that
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. It is a pity that he lost all the （统计数字） because of
the sudden breakdown of his computer.
2. I have already （怀疑） that they won’t agree to my
initial plan.
3. Without substantial statistics， I had no idea how to （处
理） the difficult challenge.
statistics
suspected
handle
4. Owing to the severe environmental pollution，this species of bird
is （减少） in numbers every year.
5. There is no （证据） that this kind of lifestyle causes cancer
in humans.
6. What made him f was that his son was infected with this
terrible virus.
7. The businessman s much money to the university regularly
where his son is studying.
8. What they may not know is that some bottled water may not be as
p as they expect.
decreasing
proof
rustrated
ubscribes
ure
维度二：词形转换
1. This is one （prove） that environmental factors have a
much higher effect than we thought.
2. Chinese herbs come from materials that are （pure）
natural， which have small side effects.
3. The lake， once （severe） polluted， has turned into a
beautiful theme park.
4. I was overcome with sadness because I （suspect）
of stealing his money.
proof
purely
severely
was suspected
5. All of them blamed the mistake on me，making me quite
（frustrate） and depressed.
6. Besides，your disagreements can also get （handle） if
you put yourselves in others’ shoes.
7. Generally， yellow is （link） with confidence， self-
respect and friendliness.
8. As a matter of fact， air， water， clothing and insects are all means
of （infect）.
frustrated
handled
linked
infection
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. It was not until I settled down and lived in Beijing I had a
chance to pay a visit to the Great Wall.
2. Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day，
so she subscribed the 21st Century.
3. Tom was hard-working that he made much progress in his
studies.
4. The past 30 years （见证了巨大的变
化） that have taken place in my hometown.
that
to
so
have seen the great changes
5. Emperor Qinshihuang succeeded in
（将所有城墙连接起来）. Thus， the Great Wall came
into being.
6. （ChatGPT是如此强大）that it can
almost do anything.
7. The demand for teachers （每年在减
少）.
8. （多亏了他的及时帮助）， I have
made great progress in English learning.
having all the walls joined
together
So powerful is ChatGPT
is on the decrease each year
Thanks to his timely help
维度四：课文语法填空
Cholera was one of the most feared 1. （disease） in the
past. In the early 19th century， when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe，
millions of people died from the disease. John Snow， 2. famous
doctor， was determined 3. （destroy） cholera once and
for all.
diseases
a
to destroy
There were two theories about cholera at that time. One was
4. bad air caused the disease and the other was that cholera was
caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed
5. the second theory. He began to investigate， 6.
（mark） on a map the exact places where all those who died 7.
（live）.As a result， he found multiple deaths in one place while
there were no deaths in another place.8. （eventual），
he found the evidence for the second theory. He succeeded in
9. （stop） the disease spreading.
Snow transformed the way of studying diseases， and therefore he
10. （consider） the father of modern epidemiology.
that
to
marking
had
lived
Eventually
stopping
is considered
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·常州高二下学期质检）
The maker of ChatGPT on Thursday unveiled its next leap into
generative artificial intelligence with a tool that instantly makes short
videos in response to written commands.
San Francisco-based OpenAI’s new text-to-video generator， called
Sora， isn’t the first of its kind.Google， Meta and the start-up Runway
ML are among the other companies to have demonstrated similar
technology.
But the high quality of videos displayed by OpenAI — some after
CEO Sam Altman asked social media users to send in ideas for written
prompts （提示） — surprised observers while also raising fears about the
ethical and societal problems.The negative effects of generative AI will be
a critical topic for debate in 2024.It’s a substantial issue that every
business and every person will need to face this year.
“An instructional cooking session for home-made dumplings hosted
by a grandmother social media influencer set in a Tuscan country kitchen
with cinematic lighting，” was a prompt suggested on X by a freelance
photographer from New Hampshire.Altman responded a short time later
with a realistic video that depicted what the prompt described.
The tool isn’t yet publicly available and OpenAI has revealed
limited information about how it was built.The company， which has been
sued （控告） by some authors and The New York Times over its use of
copyrighted works of writing to train ChatGPT， also hasn’t disclosed
what imagery and video sources were used to train Sora.（OpenAI pays an
undisclosed fee to The Associated Press to license its text news archive）.
OpenAI said in a blog post that it’s engaging with artists，
policymakers and others before releasing the new tool to the public.
“We are working with red teamers — domain experts in areas like
misinformation， hateful content， and bias — who will be testing the
model seriously，” the company said.“We’re also building tools to
help detect misleading content such as a detection classifier that can tell
when a video was generated by Sora.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。ChatGPT的研发者OpenAI在生成式
人工智能方面取得了又一次飞跃，它推出了可以根据书面指令立即
制作短视频的Sora。
本文是一篇说明文。ChatGPT的研发者OpenAI在生成式
人工智能方面取得了又一次飞跃，它推出了可以根据书面指令立即
制作短视频的Sora。
1. What can we learn about Sora？
A. It was the first to make videos.
B. It beat its competitors in speed.
C. It produces videos based on instructions.
D. It creates videos completely independently.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一至三段可知，Sora的主要功能是
在接受用户指令后生成视频，它并非同类产品中的第一家，它超越
竞争对手之处主要在于其生成视频的质量。
2. What did Sam Altman do on X？
A. He conducted a survey.
B. He gave a demonstration.
C. He made a presentation.
D. He performed an experiment.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三、四段可知，Sam Altman是
OpenAI的 CEO，他在网上让社交媒体用户发来各种指令，然后他
用Sora来生成视频。显然他是在给用户演示Sora。
3. Why was OpenAI sued by some authors？
A. It copied their works.
B. It trained Sora illegally.
C. It released Sora without permission.
D. It trained ChatGPT with their works.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知，之所以OpenAI被一
些作家控告，是因为它在训练ChatGPT时使用了这些作家的作品。
4. What’s the purpose of OpenAI’s blog post？
A. To show Sora is difficult to release.
B. To prove Sora is wonderful enough.
C. To prove they are cautious about Sora.
D. To show they have worked hard on Sora.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，OpenAI在这篇博文中
表示，在向公众发布Sora之前，他们正在与艺术家、政策制定者和
其他人群进行接触，同时让很多专家试用并严格测试该软件。由此
推知，这篇博文主要表明OpenAI对于推出Sora持非常谨慎的态度。
B
（2024·淄博高二下学期月考）In an era of endless notifications
from apps， devices and social media platforms， as well as access to
more information than we could possibly consider， how do we find ways
to manage？ And is the way we think， focus and process information
changing as a result？
Maryanne Wolf is the director of the Center for Dyslexia， Diverse
Learners and Social Justice at the University of California in the United
States.Wolf is concerned that the amount of interaction we have with our
screens and devices — and the speed at which we necessarily have to
function — has changed us by removing from us the ability to be
present.And we’re so accustomed to going so fast that becoming
completely involved in an activity is difficult.
Kai Lukoff is an assistant professor at Santa Clara University in the
US. He researches how apps， social media platforms and technology
designers attempt to capture a user’s attention.“There are a thousand or
more engineers， developers， designers on the other side of the screen
who are purposefully or intentionally designing these services in order to
capture your attention， to get you to spend more time on the site， to get
you to click on more ads.”
Daniel Le Roux， a senior lecturer at Stellenbosch University in
South Africa， looks at the effects of what we’re doing when we’re
“media multitasking”.“Everybody’s doing it， and it’s， in a large
way， a natural adaptation to the technological environment that has been
created around us.”
Media multitasking， like skimming， is an adaptive response to an
environment filled with information.And media multitasking comes at a
cognitive （认知的） cost， Le Roux points out.“We bring what we
might call a switch cost， which means our performance in our focal task
is going to suffer.If you think of driving as the focal task， the reason we
prohibit drivers from using their smartphones while they’re driving is
because it distracts them from the task of driving.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。身处网络时代，我们每天都面对没
完没了的电子干扰。这些电子干扰会对我们产生什么影响呢？
本文是一篇说明文。身处网络时代，我们每天都面对没
完没了的电子干扰。这些电子干扰会对我们产生什么影响呢？
5. What is the result of our interaction with screens and devices according
to Maryanne Wolf？
A. Having trouble in concentrating.
B. Becoming addicted to the Internet.
C. Having access to more information.
D. Building better relationships with others.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Maryanne Wolf认为，电
子干扰带来的结果是我们很难全身心地专注于某事，也很难认真地
活在当下。
6. What does Kai Lukoff try to stress in the third paragraph？
A. Why social media apps are popular.
B. How social media platforms operate.
C. Platform workers’ efforts to attract users.
D. Great services of social media platforms.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Kai Lukoff指出，在那些
app以及社交媒体平台的背后，都有很多工作人员在想尽一切办法
吸引网络用户的注意力。
7. Why does Daniel Le Roux give the example of driving？
A. To explain what media multitasking is.
B. To show the harm of media multitasking.
C. To explain why we’re media multitasking.
D. To show the benefits of media multitasking.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，Daniel Le Roux提出了
media multitasking这一概念，然后通过列举驾驶员禁用手机这一例
子，来说明媒体多任务带来的危害。
8. How does the author develop the passage？
A. By quoting some experts’ views.
B. By providing some typical examples.
C. By using the results of some surveys.
D. By analyzing some social phenomena.
解析： 推理判断题。综合全文可知，作者第一段先陈述电子干
扰这一社会现象并提出问题，接下来通过引用三位专家的观点来进
一步阐述这一话题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·浙江四校高二下学期联考）The world of writing is
changing.Things have moved very quickly from keyboards and predictive
text.The rise of generative artificial intelligence （AI） means robots can
now write human-quality text without having hands at all.
Recent improvements in speech-to-text software mean even human
“writers” do not need to touch a keyboard， let alone a pen. 9 ，
without having to lift a finger.The word “writer” may come to mean
something very different， as people compose text in multiple ways in an
increasingly digital world.
However， learning to handwrite is still a key component of the
literacy curriculum in primary schools. 10 .But there are a number of
important reasons why handwriting will still be taught in schools.
·It helps you remember
Handwriting has important cognitive benefits， including for
memory.Research suggests traditional pen-and-paper notes are
remembered better， due to the greater complexity of the handwriting
process. 11 .In many cases， students become better readers through
practising writing.
· 12
Handwriting does not need electricity， devices， batteries，
software， subscriptions， a fast Internet connection， a keyboard，
charging time or the many other things on which digital writing depends.It
only needs pen and paper and can be done anywhere.Sometimes
handwriting is the easiest and best option.
·It is about thinking
Most importantly， learning to write and learning to think are closely
connected. 13 .They are developed and organised as they are
composed.Thinking is too important to be outsourced to robots！
Teaching writing is about giving students a toolkit of multiple writing
strategies.Handwriting will remain an important component of this toolkit
for the foreseeable future.
A. It is very accessible
B. Ideas are formed as students write
C. It has become part of your daily routine
D. Writers of the future will be talkers and thinkers
E. And learning to read and handwrite are closely linked
F. Good handwriting can help you make a good first impression
G. Parents may be wondering whether learning to write by hand is worth
the trouble
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在电子设备越来越普及的今天，我
们还有必要练习手写吗？
9. D 此处上下文都在讨论writer这一职业和这一单词含义在未来面临
的变化，因此D项符合语境。
10. G 空前一句指出学习手写仍然是小学读写课程的重要组成部
分。G项承接上文，说明家长对此的顾虑：是否还值得费这么大劲学
习写字。
本文是一篇说明文。在电子设备越来越普及的今天，我
们还有必要练习手写吗？
11. E 空后一句指出书写可以促进学生阅读能力的提升，这正好是对
E项的具体阐释和说明。
12. A 设空处为段落小标题。下文主要说明了手写的便捷性：无需
电源、无需设备，也无需网络，随时随地都可以进行。A项正好是对
此段大意的准确概括。
13. B 上下文都在论述书写和思维的紧密相连，B项（书写的过程同
步产生思想）符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·济南高二上学期期末考试）I have heard that one is never
too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream. 14 with my job，
I found myself in a bar on the eve of my 30th birthday preparing to 15
the night away.Instead， I walked out at 11：00 p.m.， and just 16
running.I hadn’t run in the past decade， and that 17 I ran thirty
miles.That single act forever 18 the course of my life.
Another thing helped me to make the decision.My boss gave each of
us a copy of Chicken Soup for the Soul and 19 us to read a story or
two.I was 20 — this was not her favourite business book！
Many of my colleagues would 21 the bars after a busy day at
work.I started running as a way to 22 the pressure.But I also started
reading. 23 enough， I found much in common between the two.
Since walking out of that 24 on the eve of my 30th birthday，
my life has been 25 changed.I decided to make my passion for
running my job.I had no 26 how I was going to do this， but I just
realised 27 I followed my heart and did what I loved， I could
somehow make a success of it.If nothing else， I’d certainly be a
lot 28 than if I continued going to work every day in a job I didn’t
enjoy.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者放弃了自己厌倦的工作，踏上
了跑步之路——他的人生从此改变。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者放弃了自己厌倦的工作，踏上
了跑步之路——他的人生从此改变。
14. A. Satisfied B. Unhappy
C. Impatient D. Surprised
解析：根据文章最后一句可知，作者当时厌倦了自己的工作。
15. A. spend B. drink C. throw D. drive
解析： 因为上文提到作者去了一家酒吧，所以他应该是打算
整晚在里面喝酒。
16. A. continued B. finished
C. started D. enjoyed
解析： 根据下一句可知，作者已经好多年没有跑步了，因此
这时他是开始跑步。
17. A. holiday B. morning
C. afternoon D. evening
解析： 根据上文I walked out at 11：00 p.m.可知，作者是在晚
上跑步。
18. A. changed B. decided
C. created D. discovered
解析： 根据下文可知，作者的这次跑步改变了他后来的人
生。
19. A. allowed B. encouraged
C. forced D. prevented
解析： 老板给每位员工发了一本《心灵鸡汤》，自然是鼓励
他们阅读。
20. A. delighted B. disappointed
C. confused D. touched
解析： 作者对老板的举动感到困惑——因为老板没有给员工
发她最喜欢的商业图书。
21. A. got B. took C. had D. hit
解析： 作者的许多同事在忙碌了一天之后都会去酒吧。hit the
bar是一个固定表达，表示“泡酒吧”。
22. A. deal with B. take over
C. go over D. turn down
解析： 作者将跑步看作应对压力的方法。deal with应对；
处理。
23. A. Strangely B. Interestingly
C. Clearly D. Luckily
解析： 作者发现了跑步和读书之间的相似之处，这自然是很
有趣的。
24. A. company B. restaurant
C. bar D. hotel
解析： 根据上文可知，作者在30岁生日前的那个晚上去了
酒吧。
25. A. formally B. completely
C. suddenly D. naturally
解析： 作者认为，从那天晚上开始，自己的人生被彻底改
变了。
26. A. decision B. belief C. hope D. idea
解析： 作者当时并不知道自己如何会将跑步变成自己的职
业。have no idea相当于don’t know。
27. A. though B. because C. if D. unless
解析： 本句表示作者当时的一种想法和假设，因此应选if。
28. A. happier B. busier
C. lonelier D. quicker
解析： 比起做自己不喜欢的工作，作者认为自己一定会更加
快乐和幸福。
谢谢观看！
