Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
维度一：基础题型练
1.The energy is makes the cells able to do their work.
2.What he really means is he disagrees with us.
3.Your dictionary is still you put it yesterday.
4.He looks he is ill from his pale face.
5.I drove to Zhuhai last week and that was I had a few days off.
6.The saddest aspect of life right now is science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom.
7.The question discussed at the meeting was it was worth trying.
8.I’m a bit sleepy now； it’s I was up all night.
9.The reason why he was fired was he was suspected of stealing the computer of his company.
10.We should love our school because this is we live and study every day.
11.My opinion is we should communicate with our parents frequently.
12.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That is I got wet through.
13.You always make the same mistakes in the exams. I think that is you are too nervous.
14.The reason why Hollywood was a good place for making movies was the sun shines there every day.
15.The reason why he was late for school was he missed the early bus.
维度二：语法与写作
1.I enjoy the rhythm of the exercise a lot and I were dancing on a beautiful stage.
我非常喜欢运动的节奏，感觉我好像在一个美丽的舞台上跳舞。
2. a low-carbon life to protect the environment.
我的建议是我们应该为了保护环境过低碳生活。
3.The question remains .
问题仍然是父母是否能够给他们的孩子树立一个好榜样。
4.The most important thing is .
最重要的事情是我可以放松并欣赏美丽的景色。
5.Respecting others is when getting along with others.
与人相处时，尊重他人是我们应该重视的。
6.Good news is this weekend.
好消息是本周末要举办一场中国画展。
维度三：语段翻译
尽可能多地运用表语从句翻译下面语段。
Tears of sadness poured down my cheeks.1. （这是因为我英语没考及格）. 2. （看起来似乎） I were thrown into the world of hopelessness. The key problem 3. （是我完全失去了信心）. Luckily，my English teacher’s suggestion 4. （是我应该多记单词）. What’s the most important 5. （是我如何把所学的任何东西应用到实践中）. Gradually，a smile appeared on my face again.
维度四：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，用适当的连接词填空。
The fact is 1. Wendy was a famous writer，but no one knew where she came from and the question remained 2. she was born in 1961.What they did know was 3. she was loved by poor people because she always helped whoever was in need of money.Despite this，some people thought she was chasing fame.Why they were so narrow-minded was 4. Wendy couldn’t understand， but it seemed 5. she didn’t care.The most important thing was 6. she just wanted to do whatever she thought was right.She thought that was 7. the meaning of life lay.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·兰州高二下学期质检）
When the company OpenAI launched its new artificial intelligence program， ChatGPT， in late 2022， educators began to worry.ChatGPT could generate text that seemed like a human wrote it.How could teachers detect whether students were using language generated by an AI chatbot to cheat on a writing assignment？
As a linguist who studies the effects of technology on how people read， write and think， I believe there are other， equally pressing concerns besides cheating.These include whether AI， more generally， threatens students writing skills， the value of writing as a process， and the importance of seeing writing as a vehicle for thinking.
Evan Selinger， a philosopher， worried that ChatGPT’s predictive texting reduces the power of writing as a form of mental activity and personal expression.“By encouraging us not to think too deeply about our words， predictive technology may change how we interact with each other，” Selinger wrote.“We give others more algorithm （算法） and less of ourselves. ... Automation ... can stop us thinking.”
In literate societies， writing has long been recognized as a way to help people think.If AI text generation does our writing for us， we diminish opportunities to think out problems for ourselves.
Writer Jennifer Lepp admits that as she increasingly relied on Sudowrite， the resulting text didn’t feel like mine anymore.It was very uncomfortable to look back over what I wrote and not really feel connected to the words or ideas.
I asked ChatGPT whether it was a threat to humans’ motivation to write.The bot’s response：
“There will always be a demand for creative， original content that requires the unique perspective and insight of a human writer.” It continued： “Writing serves many purposes beyond just the creation of content， such as self-expression， communication， and personal growth， which can continue to motivate people to write even if certain types of writing can be automated.”
1.What is the author’s main concern about ChatGPT？
A.Whether it will write articles like a human.
B.Whether it will lead to students’ cheating.
C.How students will make use of it in school.
D.What effects it will have on students’ writing.
2.What message did Evan Selinger try to convey？
A.We tend to write more personally.
B.We tend to write more mechanically.
C.Technology makes us think more deeply.
D.Technology makes us become more productive.
3.What does the underlined word “diminish” in Paragraph 4 mean？
A.Create. B.Ignore.
C.Provide. D.Decrease.
4.What can we infer from the ChatGPT’s response？
A.Human writing will still matter a lot.
B.Robots will replace humans in writing.
C.Robots’ writing will become more creative.
D.Writing will become completely automated.
B
（2024·日照高二下学期月考）A robot with a sense of touch may one day “feel” pain， both its own physical pain and sympathy for the pain of its human companions.Such robots are still far off， but advances in robotic touch-sensing are bringing that possibility closer to reality.
Sensors set in soft， artificial skin that can detect both a gentle touch and a painful strike have been hooked up to a robot that can then signal emotions， Asada reported 15 February at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.This artificial “pain nervous system”， as Asada calls it， may be a small building block for a machine that could ultimately experience pain.Such a feeling might also allow a robot to “sympathize” with a human companion’s suffering.
Asada， an engineer at Osaka University， and his colleagues have designed touch sensors that reliably pick up a range of touches.In a robot system named Affetto， a realistic-looking child’s head， these touch and pain signals can be converted to emotional facial expressions.
A touch-sensitive， soft material， as opposed to a rigid metal surface， allows richer interaction between a machine and the world， says neuroscientist Kingson Man of the University of Southern California.Artificial skin allows the possibility of engagement in truly intelligent ways.
“Such a system，” Asada says， “might ultimately lead to robots that can recognize the pain of others， a valuable skill for robots designed to help care for people in need， the elderly， for instance.”
“But there is an important distinction between a robot that responds in a predictable way to a painful strike and a robot that’s able to compute an internal feeling accurately，” says Damasio， a neuroscientist also at the University of Southern California.“A robot with sensors that can detect the touch and pain is along the lines of having a robot， for example， that smiles when you talk to it，” Damasio says.“It’s a device for communication of the machine to a human.While that’s an interesting development， it’s not the same thing as a robot designed to compute some sort of internal experience.”
5.What do we know about the “pain nervous system”？
A.It is named Affetto by scientists.
B.It is a set of complicated sensors.
C.It is able to signal different emotions.
D.It combines sensors and artificial skin.
6.What does the underlined word “converted” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A.Delivered. B.Translated.
C.Attached. D.Adapted.
7.What does Damasio consider as an interesting development？
A.Robots can smile when talked to.
B.Robots can talk to human beings.
C.Robots can compute internal feelings.
D.Robots can detect pain and respond accordingly.
8.What can be the best title for the text？
A.Machines Become Emotional
B.Robots Inch to Feeling Pain
C.Human Feelings Can Be Felt
D.New Devices Touch Your Heart
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·南宁高二上学期期末考试）There are a ton of articles on the Internet on one’s “self” topic or another.It’s possible that you’ve read some of them before this one， and you’re wondering how this article might be any different from the rest.
The truth is that self-love， self-esteem， self-empathy， self-regard， and all the other “self-” words are indeed great and unique qualities to be instilled. 9
Self-worth is simply defined as the level of importance you place on yourself.It is an emotional outlook that determines how and what you feel about yourself in comparison to other people.
10 Everything we think about， all the emotions we feel， and even the way we act is a product of what value we place on ourselves by ourselves.
11 Sometimes this person is not who he or she is.It’s okay to have ambitions and life goals， but never let your dreams make you deny yourself.Self-denial is an enemy to self-worth.This is why it is painful to become self-aware.Most people will never want to let go of who they think they are and embrace their true selves for who they indeed are.
Self-worth is not a bad thing. 12 Some of these strengths lies undiscovered， and until we become self-aware， we will be unable to bring them to light.
The best part about recognising self-worth is seeing the practical impact it has on your behaviour.Self-worth affects the things you do and the choices you make consciously. 13 And you become more open to things crafted to make you a better person.
A.It’s difficult to recognise your self-worth.
B.Everyone has a mental picture of who they want to be.
C.Still， the most important concept of them all is self-worth.
D.You start rejecting anything that has a negative effect on you.
E.Actually， things you like about yourself usually make you stand out.
F.It only makes you accept your weaknesses while you focus on your strengths.
G.Self-worth is a fundamental part of our being， and it controls the way we see ourselves.
9. 10. 11.
12. 13.
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·昆明高二上学期期末考试）A dog in Dongguan， Guangdong Province recently proved that luck can come in the most unexpected form.
On 15 February， a woman — identified by just her surname， Lin — was shopping with her dog when it 14 free of its leash （牵狗绳） and ran into a lottery shop.
After 15 her pet into the store， Lin discovered that the dog had 16 its teeth into a scratch-off （即开型的） lottery ticket.And， because the pet left tooth marks on the ticket， she was 17 to purchase it.
18 ， however， the dog’s random behaviour 19 to be a fruitful one！ The dog’s selected 20 was a winner， and Lin walked away with a 1000-yuan （$139） prize.
“I was so 21 .I’ve never won such a large sum of money in a lottery，” Lin said of the incident.
Lin 22 the dog’s luck the following day 23 this time， taking the dog back to the same shop.The dog 24 another winner the second time.The second ticket had a smaller 25 of just 30 yuan （about $4）.
Users on the Chinese social media platform Weibo 26 Lin and her dog on the win， calling the dog a “ 27 dog” in comments.
“I don’t know if I should buy a lottery ticket or a dog，” one user wrote， while another joked that “the 28 between me and the prize is a dog”.
14.A.broke B.caught
C.threw D.escaped
15.A.walking B.leading
C.taking D.following
16.A.sunk B.left
C.attacked D.marked
17.A.allowed B.requested
C.forced D.ordered
18.A.Normally B.Thankfully
C.Hopefully D.Obviously
19.A.took over B.set off
C.made up D.turned out
20.A.food B.game
C.ticket D.number
21.A.surprised B.moved
C.confused D.satisfied
22.A.found B.tested
C.checked D.examined
23.A.in turn B.by chance
C.after all D.on purpose
24.A.bought B.selected
C.discovered D.claimed
25.A.income B.prize
C.value D.level
26.A.praised B.commented
C.suggested D.congratulated
27.A.fortune B.money
C.lottery D.chance
28.A.difference B.relationship
C.distance D.similarity
Ⅳ.语法填空
Artificial Intelligence （AI） programs today can learn to identify objects in images and videos， translate between languages， and even master board games.
Machine learning is an 29 （apply） of AI where we give machines access 30 data and let them use that data to learn for themselves.It’s basically getting a computer to perform a task without 31 （clear） being programmed to do so.
Your kids have probably watched a battle online before， right？ You know， where robots are coded with a set of instructions that are followed 32 （accomplish） a task； it’s a computer’s thought process to attack and “battle” each other.
Well， 33 machine learning was used in this situation， the robot itself would make a decision in the moment based on the information it 34 （give）.Meaning， the robot would choose to perform either option A or option B， rather than 35 （tell） through code to always perform option A no matter what.
So， instead of coding software with specific instructions， machine learning trains an algorithm so it can learn how to make 36 （decision） for itself.
It should be obvious that machine learning is one of the 37 （cool） emerging fields in tech.In the coming years， many companies like DeepMind and OpenAI hope to solve general artificial intelligence， 38 can learn and perform any task put in front of it.
29. 30. 31.
32. 33. 34.
35. 36. 37.
38.
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.what 2.that 3.where 4.as if/though 5.why 6.that
7.whether 8.because 9.that 10.where 11.that
12.why 13.because 14.that 15.that
维度二
1.I feel as if
2.My suggestion is that we （should） live
3.whether parents can set a good example to their children
4.that I can relax and enjoy the beautiful scenery
5.what we should value
6.that an exhibition of Chinese paintings is to be held
维度三
1.This was because I failed in the English exam
2.It seemed as if
3.was that I completely lost confidence
4.was that I（should） memorize more words
5.was how I could apply whatever I learned in practice
维度四
1.that 2.whether 3.that 4.what 5.as if 6.that 7.where
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。ChatGPT是一种会写文章的人工智能工具，它的出现会对我们人类的写作产生什么影响呢？
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，关于ChatGPT，作者最担心的是它将会对学生们的写作技能产生什么样的影响。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，Evan Selinger认为，像ChatGPT这样的人工智能工具的使用，使我们人类无法深入思考；同时，我们提供给他人的更多的是算法（机器人完成的机械的文字），而少了有血有肉的自我。
3.D 词义猜测题。根据第四段可知，如果人工智能工具代替我们写作，其结果必然是会“减少”我们独立思考的机会。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，ChatGPT明确表明：虽然未来有些写作会实现自动化（由机器人来完成），但是那些（由人类完成的）独特、原创、个性化的写作永远是需要的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机器人触摸传感技术方面的新进展。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段尤其是Sensors set in soft， artificial skin ...can then signal emotions可知，该系统含有传感器和人造皮肤。
6.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句并结合语境可知，这些触摸和疼痛信号将“转变为”有感情的面部表情。
7.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的A robot with sensors ...smiles when you talk to it可推知，an interesting development指机器人可以检测疼痛并作出相应反应。
8.B 标题归纳题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段可知，机器人触摸传感技术的进步使能“感觉”疼痛的机器人更接近于现实。因此B项为文章最佳标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了何为自我价值以及自我价值的好处。
9.C 上文提到了一系列与“自我”有关的概念，C项则承接上文引出“自我价值”这一概念。
10.G 本段说明自我价值对我们思想及行为方式的控制，G项是对本段主旨的概括说明。
11.B 下文说明这个“自我”可能比生活中真正的自己更完美和强大，是对B项内容的具体说明。
12.F 空前一句说“自我价值是个好东西”，F项则是对其好处的具体说明。
13.D 空前一句说“自我价值有助于我们做出理性的选择”，D项是对此意的具体说明。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在广东省东莞市，幸运降临在一位林女士的身上——她的宠物狗帮她“选择”了一张彩票，结果这张彩票中得千元大奖。
14.A 根据语境可知，这只宠物狗当时挣脱了牵狗绳，跑进一家彩票销售店。break free of/from挣脱；摆脱。
15.D 由于宠物狗跑进了彩票销售店，主人林女士应该是跟随宠物狗一起走进彩票销售店。
16.A 根据下文its teeth into a scratch-off （即开型的） lottery ticket可知，这只宠物狗用牙齿咬了一张彩票。sink one’s teeth into ...是一个固定表达，表示“用牙齿咬……”。
17.C 由于宠物狗用牙齿咬了一张彩票，因此林女士被迫将这张彩票买下来。be forced to do sth被迫做某事。
18.B 根据下文Lin walked away with a 1000-yuan （$139） prize可知，这张彩票中了一千元大奖。因此，这对林女士来说是一件值得庆幸和感激的事。thankfully高兴地；感激地。
19.D 根据下文to be a fruitful one可知，这里指宠物狗选彩票这件事的结果。turn out结果是。
20.C 根据上下文可知，这只宠物狗帮林女士选择了一张“彩票”。
21.A 根据下文I’ve never won such a large sum of money in a lottery可知，林女士应该感到非常吃惊。
22.B 根据上文可知，这只宠物狗第一次选择彩票完全是偶然和意外的，而接下来林女士有意让宠物狗第二次选择彩票，来检验它的运气。
23.D 参见上题解析。
24.B 根据语境可知，这里林女士让宠物狗挑选另一张彩票。
25.B 根据下文of just 30 yuan可知，第二次的彩票又中奖了——奖金30元。
26.D 根据下文Lin and her dog on the win可知，社交媒体用户祝贺幸运的林女士以及她的宠物狗。
27.A 根据上文可知，这只宠物狗两次选择彩票，两次都中奖了，因此人们称它是一只幸运狗。
28.C 文章最后一句是网友的留言：我和彩票大奖的距离是一只宠物狗。这显然是一句调侃的话。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了机器学习这一人工智能的核心理念。
29.application 考查名词。根据设空处前的冠词an可知，这里应用名词形式。
30.to 考查介词。access意为“机会；权利；方法；通路”，access to sth是固定搭配。
31.clearly 考查副词。这里应用副词来修饰后面的动词短语。
32.to accomplish 考查非谓语动词。机器人遵守指示的目的是完成任务，因此应用动词不定式作目的状语。
33.if 考查状语从句。这里表示一种假设的情形，因此应用连词if引导条件状语从句。
34.has been given 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。这里表示“被给予”机器人的信息，并且是机器人在完成任务之前就已经获得的信息，应用现在完成时的被动语态。
35.being told 考查非谓语动词。rather than后面通常用名词、代词或动词-ing形式，而且这里表示被动概念，因此应用动词-ing形式的被动形式。
36.decisions 考查名词复数。decision为可数名词，这里应用复数形式。
37.coolest 考查形容词的最高级。“one of＋the＋形容词的最高级＋可数名词复数”是一个常见的句式。
38.which 考查定语从句。这里应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
表语从句
1.As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
2.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
3.The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
4.The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
5.That’s why we’ve given you the letter.
6.It looks as if it is going to rain.
【我的发现】
1.句1中系动词became后接 作表语；句2、3、4、5、6中作表语的是 。
2.句 中的连接词 在句中只起连接作用，没有意义，且不可省略。
一、定义
在主从复合句中用作表语的从句，叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之后，用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。
The most important thing is that we individuals should raise our awareness of environmental protection.
最重要的事情是我们个人应该提高我们的环境保护意识。
The question is whether your parents will subscribe to your plan to travel to Xizang this summer holiday.
问题是你的父母是否同意你今年暑假去西藏旅行的计划。
My question is where we will travel and how we will get there.
我的问题是我们将去哪里旅行以及我们将如何到达那里。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①The trouble is we haven’t found enough proof to prove him to be guilty.
②As is well known to all， the Spring Festival is the family are reunited and celebrate the New Year.
③I’d like to start my own business — that’s I’d do if I had the money.
二、几种表语从句
1.that与what引导的表语从句
连接词that引导的表语从句，不充当成分，无意义，但是不能省略；what是连接代词，引导表语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
The good news is that he has adapted to his new surroundings.
好消息是他已经适应了新环境。
My advice is that we should get there by train.
我的建议是我们应乘火车到那里。
That was what she did this morning on her way to school.
那就是她今天早晨在去学校的路上所做的事。
【即时演练2】 选词填空（what/that）
①The question is we can do to solve this problem once and for all.
②What surprised me most was the thin girl should have won three gold medals.
③His suggestion was all the old people should be taken good care of by the government.
2.whether引导的表语从句，不充当句子成分，意为“是否”，不能与if互换。
Our common concern is whether AI will take the place of human beings.
我们共同的担心是人工智能是否会取代人类。
His first question was whether rescue workers had arrived yet.
他的第一个问题是救援人员是否已经到达。
3.连接代词who（ever）、 whom（ever）、 whose、 what（ever）、 which（ever）引导的表语从句
该类连接词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
动机是你做好工作最需要的东西。
The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.
问题是谁真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。
【即时演练3】 用适当的连接词填空
①This is my teacher has taught me — always to be honest and I am.
②The problem is can take the place of Jim.
③What I want to know is words are helpful.
4.连接副词when、 where、 how引导表语从句时，除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中往往作时间、地点、方式状语。
The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.
我们上一次参观水上公园的时候玩得很开心。
【即时演练4】 用适当的连接词填空
①My problem is we can finish such a difficult task in three days. It’s simply impossible.
②The question is he can arrive at the hotel.
③You are saying that everyone has already had equal rights， and this is I disagree.
5.why与because引导的表语从句
That’s why ... 意为“那是……的原因”， 强调结果
The reason why ... is/was that ... 意为“……的原因是……”
That’s because ... 意为“那是因为……”， 强调原因
I didn’t phone her， and that’s why she got angry with me.
我没有给她打电话，那就是她生我气的原因。（强调她生气这一结果）
I didn’t phone her， and that’s because I got angry with her.
我没有给她打电话，那是因为我生她的气。（强调没打电话的原因）
The reason why I didn’t reply in time was that I went on a trip with my parents last weekend.
我没有及时答复的原因是上周末我和父母去旅行了。
【即时演练5】 完成句子
①David was injured in the training. he didn’t take part in the Olympic Games.
大卫在训练中受伤了，那就是他没有参加奥运会的原因。
②He did not see the film last night. he had to help his little sister with her homework.
昨天晚上他没去看电影。那是因为他得帮他的妹妹做作业。
③The reason he was ill.
他缺席会议的原因是他病了。
6.as if/though引导的表语从句
（1）as if/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词seem、 appear、 look、 taste、 sound、 feel等之后。
（2）当说话者认为所述真实或极有可能发生时，as if从句用陈述语气；当说话者认为所述不是事实或发生的可能性不大时，从句用虚拟语气。用法如下：
①若表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用一般过去时（be 用were）；
②若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语用过去完成时；
③若表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
It looks as if he is looking for something.
他看起来好像在找什么东西。
It seems as if it were spring.
看起来好像是春天似的。
She appeared as if she had known nothing about it.
她看上去好像对此一无所知。
【即时演练6】 单句语法填空
①I felt as if my head （be） splitting.
②It looks as if she （be） really ill.
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.形容词 从句 2.2、3、4 that
即时演练1
①that ②when ③what
即时演练2
①what ②that ③that
即时演练3
①what ②who ③whose
即时演练4
①how ②when ③where
即时演练5
①That was why ②That was because ③why he was absent from the meeting was that
即时演练6
①were ②is
3 / 3(共74张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
表语从句
1. As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one
knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
2. One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
3. The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in
food or water.
4. The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been
infected by waste.
5. That’s why we’ve given you the letter.
6. It looks as if it is going to rain.
【我的发现】
1. 句1中系动词became后接 作表语；句2、3、4、5、6中作
表语的是 。
2. 句 中的连接词 在句中只起连接作用，没有意
义，且不可省略。
形容词
从句
2、3、4
that
一、定义
在主从复合句中用作表语的从句，叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之
后，用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。
The most important thing is that we individuals should raise our awareness
of environmental protection.
最重要的事情是我们个人应该提高我们的环境保护意识。
The question is whether your parents will subscribe to your plan to travel
to Xizang this summer holiday.
问题是你的父母是否同意你今年暑假去西藏旅行的计划。
My question is where we will travel and how we will get there.
我的问题是我们将去哪里旅行以及我们将如何到达那里。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①The trouble is we haven’t found enough proof to prove him to
be guilty.
②As is well known to all， the Spring Festival is the family are
reunited and celebrate the New Year.
③I’d like to start my own business — that’s I’d do if I had
the money.
that
when
what
二、几种表语从句
1. that与what引导的表语从句
连接词that引导的表语从句，不充当成分，无意义，但是不能省
略；what是连接代词，引导表语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、
表语或定语。
The good news is that he has adapted to his new surroundings.
好消息是他已经适应了新环境。
My advice is that we should get there by train.
我的建议是我们应乘火车到那里。
That was what she did this morning on her way to school.
那就是她今天早晨在去学校的路上所做的事。
【即时演练2】 选词填空（what/that）
①The question is we can do to solve this problem once and for
all.
②What surprised me most was the thin girl should have won
three gold medals.
③His suggestion was all the old people should be taken good care
of by the government.
what
that
that
2. whether引导的表语从句，不充当句子成分，意为“是否”，不能
与if互换。
Our common concern is whether AI will take the place of human
beings.
我们共同的担心是人工智能是否会取代人类。
His first question was whether rescue workers had arrived yet.
他的第一个问题是救援人员是否已经到达。
3. 连接代词who（ever）、 whom（ever）、 whose、 what（ever）、
which（ever）引导的表语从句
该类连接词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
动机是你做好工作最需要的东西。
The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.
问题是谁真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。
【即时演练3】 用适当的连接词填空
①This is my teacher has taught me — always to be honest and I
am.
②The problem is can take the place of Jim.
③What I want to know is words are helpful.
what
who
whose
4. 连接副词when、 where、 how引导表语从句时，除在句中起连接作
用外，在从句中往往作时间、地点、方式状语。
The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water
Park.
我们上一次参观水上公园的时候玩得很开心。
【即时演练4】 用适当的连接词填空
①My problem is we can finish such a difficult task in three
days. It’s simply impossible.
②The question is he can arrive at the hotel.
③You are saying that everyone has already had equal rights， and this
is I disagree.
how
when
where
5. why与because引导的表语从句
That’s why ... 意为“那是……的原因”， 强调结果
The reason why ...
is/was that ... 意为“……的原因是……”
That’s because ... 意为“那是因为……”， 强调原因
I didn’t phone her， and that’s why she got angry with me.
我没有给她打电话，那就是她生我气的原因。（强调她生气这
一结果）
I didn’t phone her， and that’s because I got angry with her.
我没有给她打电话，那是因为我生她的气。（强调没打电话的
原因）
The reason why I didn’t reply in time was that I went on a trip with
my parents last weekend.
我没有及时答复的原因是上周末我和父母去旅行了。
【即时演练5】 完成句子
①David was injured in the training. he didn’t take
part in the Olympic Games.
大卫在训练中受伤了，那就是他没有参加奥运会的原因。
②He did not see the film last night. he had to help
his little sister with her homework.
昨天晚上他没去看电影。那是因为他得帮他的妹妹做作业。
③The reason he was ill.
他缺席会议的原因是他病了。
That was why
That was because
why he was absent from the meeting was that
6. as if/though引导的表语从句
（1）as if/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词seem、 appear、
look、 taste、 sound、 feel等之后。
（2）当说话者认为所述真实或极有可能发生时，as if从句用陈述
语气；当说话者认为所述不是事实或发生的可能性不大时，
从句用虚拟语气。用法如下：
①若表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用一般过去时
（be 用were）；
②若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语用过去完成时；
③若表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语用
“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
It looks as if he is looking for something.
他看起来好像在找什么东西。
It seems as if it were spring.
看起来好像是春天似的。
She appeared as if she had known nothing about it.
她看上去好像对此一无所知。
【即时演练6】 单句语法填空
①I felt as if my head （be） splitting.
②It looks as if she （be） really ill.
were
is
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
2
维度一：基础题型练
1. The energy is makes the cells able to do their work.
2. What he really means is he disagrees with us.
3. Your dictionary is still you put it yesterday.
4. He looks he is ill from his pale face.
5. I drove to Zhuhai last week and that was I had a few days off.
what
that
where
as if/though
why
6. The saddest aspect of life right now is science gathers
knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom.
7. The question discussed at the meeting was it was worth
trying.
8. I’m a bit sleepy now； it’s I was up all night.
9. The reason why he was fired was he was suspected of stealing
the computer of his company.
10. We should love our school because this is we live and study
every day.
that
whether
because
that
where
11. My opinion is we should communicate with our parents
frequently.
12. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That is I got wet
through.
13. You always make the same mistakes in the exams. I think that
is you are too nervous.
14. The reason why Hollywood was a good place for making movies
was the sun shines there every day.
15. The reason why he was late for school was he missed the
early bus.
that
why
because
that
that
维度二：语法与写作
1. I enjoy the rhythm of the exercise a lot and I were
dancing on a beautiful stage.
我非常喜欢运动的节奏，感觉我好像在一个美丽的舞台上跳舞。
2. a low-carbon life to
protect the environment.
我的建议是我们应该为了保护环境过低碳生活。
3. The question remains
.
问题仍然是父母是否能够给他们的孩子树立一个好榜样。
I feel as if
My suggestion is that we （should） live
whether parents can set a good example to their
children
4. The most important thing is
.
最重要的事情是我可以放松并欣赏美丽的景色。
5. Respecting others is when getting along with
others.
与人相处时，尊重他人是我们应该重视的。
6. Good news is
this weekend.
好消息是本周末要举办一场中国画展。
that I can relax and enjoy the beautiful
scenery
what we should value
that an exhibition of Chinese paintings is to be held
维度三：语段翻译
尽可能多地运用表语从句翻译下面语段。
Tears of sadness poured down my cheeks. 1.
（这是因为我英语没考及格）. 2.
（看起来似乎） I were thrown into the world of
hopelessness. The key problem 3.
（是我完全失去了信心）. Luckily，my English
teacher’s suggestion 4.
（是我应该多记单词）. What’s the most important 5.
（是我如何把所学的任何东
西应用到实践中）. Gradually，a smile appeared on my face again.
This was because I
failed in the English exam
It
seemed as if
was that I completely lost
confidence
was that I（should） memorize more words
was how I
could apply whatever I learned in practice
维度四：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，用适当的连接词填空。
The fact is 1. Wendy was a famous writer，but no one knew
where she came from and the question remained 2. she was
born in 1961.What they did know was 3. she was loved by poor
people because she always helped whoever was in need of money.Despite
this，some people thought she was chasing fame.Why they were so
narrow-minded was 4. Wendy couldn’t understand， but it
seemed 5. she didn’t care.The most important thing was
6. she just wanted to do whatever she thought was right.She
thought that was 7. the meaning of life lay.
that
whether
that
what
as if
that
where
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·兰州高二下学期质检）
When the company OpenAI launched its new artificial intelligence
program， ChatGPT， in late 2022， educators began to worry.ChatGPT
could generate text that seemed like a human wrote it.How could teachers
detect whether students were using language generated by an AI chatbot to
cheat on a writing assignment？
As a linguist who studies the effects of technology on how people
read， write and think， I believe there are other， equally pressing
concerns besides cheating.These include whether AI， more generally，
threatens students writing skills， the value of writing as a process， and
the importance of seeing writing as a vehicle for thinking.
Evan Selinger， a philosopher， worried that ChatGPT’s predictive
texting reduces the power of writing as a form of mental activity and
personal expression.“By encouraging us not to think too deeply about our
words， predictive technology may change how we interact with each
other，” Selinger wrote.“We give others more algorithm （算法） and
less of ourselves. ... Automation ... can stop us thinking.”
In literate societies， writing has long been recognized as a way to
help people think.If AI text generation does our writing for us， we
diminish opportunities to think out problems for ourselves.
Writer Jennifer Lepp admits that as she increasingly relied on
Sudowrite， the resulting text didn’t feel like mine anymore.It was very
uncomfortable to look back over what I wrote and not really feel connected
to the words or ideas.
I asked ChatGPT whether it was a threat to humans’ motivation to
write.The bot’s response：
“There will always be a demand for creative， original content that
requires the unique perspective and insight of a human writer.” It
continued： “Writing serves many purposes beyond just the creation of
content， such as self-expression， communication， and personal
growth， which can continue to motivate people to write even if certain
types of writing can be automated.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。ChatGPT是一种会写文章的人工智能
工具，它的出现会对我们人类的写作产生什么影响呢？
本文是一篇议论文。ChatGPT是一种会写文章的人工智能
工具，它的出现会对我们人类的写作产生什么影响呢？
1. What is the author’s main concern about ChatGPT？
A. Whether it will write articles like a human.
B. Whether it will lead to students’ cheating.
C. How students will make use of it in school.
D. What effects it will have on students’ writing.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，关于ChatGPT，作者最
担心的是它将会对学生们的写作技能产生什么样的影响。
2. What message did Evan Selinger try to convey？
A. We tend to write more personally.
B. We tend to write more mechanically.
C. Technology makes us think more deeply.
D. Technology makes us become more productive.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，Evan Selinger认为，像
ChatGPT这样的人工智能工具的使用，使我们人类无法深入思考；
同时，我们提供给他人的更多的是算法（机器人完成的机械的文
字），而少了有血有肉的自我。
3. What does the underlined word “diminish” in Paragraph 4 mean？
A. Create. B. Ignore.
C. Provide. D. Decrease.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第四段可知，如果人工智能工具代替
我们写作，其结果必然是会“减少”我们独立思考的机会。
4. What can we infer from the ChatGPT’s response？
A. Human writing will still matter a lot.
B. Robots will replace humans in writing.
C. Robots’ writing will become more creative.
D. Writing will become completely automated.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，ChatGPT明确表明：
虽然未来有些写作会实现自动化（由机器人来完成），但是那些
（由人类完成的）独特、原创、个性化的写作永远是需要的。
B
（2024·日照高二下学期月考）A robot with a sense of touch may
one day “feel” pain， both its own physical pain and sympathy for the
pain of its human companions.Such robots are still far off， but advances
in robotic touch-sensing are bringing that possibility closer to reality.
Sensors set in soft， artificial skin that can detect both a gentle touch
and a painful strike have been hooked up to a robot that can then signal
emotions， Asada reported 15 February at the annual meeting of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science.This artificial
“pain nervous system”， as Asada calls it， may be a small building
block for a machine that could ultimately experience pain.Such a feeling
might also allow a robot to “sympathize” with a human companion’s
suffering.
Asada， an engineer at Osaka University， and his colleagues have
designed touch sensors that reliably pick up a range of touches.In a robot
system named Affetto， a realistic-looking child’s head， these touch
and pain signals can be converted to emotional facial expressions.
A touch-sensitive， soft material， as opposed to a rigid metal
surface， allows richer interaction between a machine and the world，
says neuroscientist Kingson Man of the University of Southern
California.Artificial skin allows the possibility of engagement in truly
intelligent ways.
“Such a system，” Asada says， “might ultimately lead to robots
that can recognize the pain of others， a valuable skill for robots designed
to help care for people in need， the elderly， for instance.”
“But there is an important distinction between a robot that responds
in a predictable way to a painful strike and a robot that’s able to compute
an internal feeling accurately，” says Damasio， a neuroscientist also at
the University of Southern California.“A robot with sensors that can
detect the touch and pain is along the lines of having a robot， for
example， that smiles when you talk to it，” Damasio says.“It’s a
device for communication of the machine to a human.While that’s an
interesting development， it’s not the same thing as a robot designed to
compute some sort of internal experience.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机器人触摸传感技
术方面的新进展。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机器人触摸传感技
术方面的新进展。
5. What do we know about the “pain nervous system”？
A. It is named Affetto by scientists.
B. It is a set of complicated sensors.
C. It is able to signal different emotions.
D. It combines sensors and artificial skin.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段尤其是Sensors set in soft，
artificial skin ...can then signal emotions可知，该系统含有传感器和
人造皮肤。
6. What does the underlined word “converted” in Paragraph 3 probably
mean？
A. Delivered. B. Translated.
C. Attached. D. Adapted.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句并结合语境可知，这些
触摸和疼痛信号将“转变为”有感情的面部表情。
7. What does Damasio consider as an interesting development？
A. Robots can smile when talked to.
B. Robots can talk to human beings.
C. Robots can compute internal feelings.
D. Robots can detect pain and respond accordingly.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的A robot with
sensors ...smiles when you talk to it可推知，an interesting
development指机器人可以检测疼痛并作出相应反应。
8. What can be the best title for the text？
A. Machines Become Emotional
B. Robots Inch to Feeling Pain
C. Human Feelings Can Be Felt
D. New Devices Touch Your Heart
解析： 标题归纳题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段可知，机器人
触摸传感技术的进步使能“感觉”疼痛的机器人更接近于现实。因
此B项为文章最佳标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·南宁高二上学期期末考试）There are a ton of articles on the
Internet on one’s “self” topic or another.It’s possible that you’ve
read some of them before this one， and you’re wondering how this
article might be any different from the rest.
The truth is that self-love， self-esteem， self-empathy， self-
regard， and all the other “self-” words are indeed great and unique
qualities to be instilled. 9
Self-worth is simply defined as the level of importance you place on
yourself.It is an emotional outlook that determines how and what you feel
about yourself in comparison to other people.
10 Everything we think about， all the emotions we feel， and
even the way we act is a product of what value we place on ourselves by
ourselves.
11 Sometimes this person is not who he or she is.It’s okay to
have ambitions and life goals， but never let your dreams make you deny
yourself.Self-denial is an enemy to self-worth.This is why it is painful to
become self-aware.Most people will never want to let go of who they think
they are and embrace their true selves for who they indeed are.
Self-worth is not a bad thing. 12 Some of these strengths lies
undiscovered， and until we become self-aware， we will be unable to
bring them to light.
The best part about recognising self-worth is seeing the practical
impact it has on your behaviour.Self-worth affects the things you do and
the choices you make consciously. 13 And you become more open to
things crafted to make you a better person.
A. It’s difficult to recognise your self-worth.
B. Everyone has a mental picture of who they want to be.
C. Still， the most important concept of them all is self-worth.
D. You start rejecting anything that has a negative effect on you.
E. Actually， things you like about yourself usually make you stand out.
F. It only makes you accept your weaknesses while you focus on your
strengths.
G. Self-worth is a fundamental part of our being， and it controls the way
we see ourselves.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了何为自我价值以及
自我价值的好处。
9. C 上文提到了一系列与“自我”有关的概念，C项则承接上文引
出“自我价值”这一概念。
本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了何为自我价值以及
自我价值的好处。
10. G 本段说明自我价值对我们思想及行为方式的控制，G项是对本
段主旨的概括说明。
11. B 下文说明这个“自我”可能比生活中真正的自己更完美和强
大，是对B项内容的具体说明。
12. F 空前一句说“自我价值是个好东西”，F项则是对其好处的具
体说明。
13. D 空前一句说“自我价值有助于我们做出理性的选择”，D项是
对此意的具体说明。
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·昆明高二上学期期末考试）A dog in Dongguan，
Guangdong Province recently proved that luck can come in the most
unexpected form.
On 15 February， a woman — identified by just her surname，
Lin — was shopping with her dog when it 14 free of its leash （牵狗
绳） and ran into a lottery shop.
After 15 her pet into the store， Lin discovered that the dog
had 16 its teeth into a scratch-off （即开型的） lottery ticket.And，
because the pet left tooth marks on the ticket， she was 17 to purchase
it.
18 ， however， the dog’s random behaviour 19 to be a
fruitful one！ The dog’s selected 20 was a winner， and Lin walked
away with a 1000-yuan （$139） prize.
“I was so 21 .I’ve never won such a large sum of money in a
lottery，” Lin said of the incident.
Lin 22 the dog’s luck the following day 23 this time，
taking the dog back to the same shop.The dog 24 another winner the
second time.The second ticket had a smaller 25 of just 30 yuan
（about $4）.
Users on the Chinese social media platform Weibo 26 Lin and
her dog on the win， calling the dog a “ 27 dog” in comments.
“I don’t know if I should buy a lottery ticket or a dog，” one user
wrote， while another joked that “the 28 between me and the prize is
a dog”.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在广东省东莞市，幸运降临在一位
林女士的身上——她的宠物狗帮她“选择”了一张彩票，结果这张
彩票中得千元大奖。
本文是一篇记叙文。在广东省东莞市，幸运降临在一位
林女士的身上——她的宠物狗帮她“选择”了一张彩票，结果这张
彩票中得千元大奖。
14. A. broke B. caught
C. threw D. escaped
解析： 根据语境可知，这只宠物狗当时挣脱了牵狗绳，跑进
一家彩票销售店。break free of/from挣脱；摆脱。
15. A. walking B. leading
C. taking D. following
解析： 由于宠物狗跑进了彩票销售店，主人林女士应该是跟
随宠物狗一起走进彩票销售店。
16. A. sunk B. left
C. attacked D. marked
解析： 根据下文its teeth into a scratch-off （即开型的） lottery
ticket可知，这只宠物狗用牙齿咬了一张彩票。sink one’s teeth
into ...是一个固定表达，表示“用牙齿咬……”。
17. A. allowed B. requested
C. forced D. ordered
解析： 由于宠物狗用牙齿咬了一张彩票，因此林女士被迫将
这张彩票买下来。be forced to do sth被迫做某事。
18. A. Normally B. Thankfully
C. Hopefully D. Obviously
解析： 根据下文Lin walked away with a 1000-yuan （$139）
prize可知，这张彩票中了一千元大奖。因此，这对林女士来说是
一件值得庆幸和感激的事。thankfully高兴地；感激地。
19. A. took over B. set off
C. made up D. turned out
解析： 根据下文to be a fruitful one可知，这里指宠物狗选彩票
这件事的结果。turn out结果是。
20. A. food B. game
C. ticket D. number
解析： 根据上下文可知，这只宠物狗帮林女士选择了一张
“彩票”。
21. A. surprised B. moved
C. confused D. satisfied
解析： 根据下文I’ve never won such a large sum of money in a
lottery可知，林女士应该感到非常吃惊。
22. A. found B. tested
C. checked D. examined
解析： 根据上文可知，这只宠物狗第一次选择彩票完全是偶
然和意外的，而接下来林女士有意让宠物狗第二次选择彩票，来
检验它的运气。
23. A. in turn B. by chance
C. after all D. on purpose
解析：参见上题解析。
24. A. bought B. selected
C. discovered D. claimed
解析：根据语境可知，这里林女士让宠物狗挑选另一张彩票。
25. A. income B. prize C. value D. level
解析：根据下文of just 30 yuan可知，第二次的彩票又中奖了—
—奖金30元。
26. A. praised B. commented
C. suggested D. congratulated
解析：根据下文Lin and her dog on the win可知，社交媒体用户
祝贺幸运的林女士以及她的宠物狗。
27. A. fortune B. money
C. lottery D. chance
解析： 根据上文可知，这只宠物狗两次选择彩票，两次都中
奖了，因此人们称它是一只幸运狗。
28. A. difference B. relationship
C. distance D. similarity
解析： 文章最后一句是网友的留言：我和彩票大奖的距离是
一只宠物狗。这显然是一句调侃的话。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Artificial Intelligence （AI） programs today can learn to identify
objects in images and videos， translate between languages， and even
master board games.
Machine learning is an 29 （apply） of AI where we give
machines access 30 data and let them use that data to learn for
themselves.It’s basically getting a computer to perform a task
without 31 （clear） being programmed to do so.
Your kids have probably watched a battle online before， right？ You
know， where robots are coded with a set of instructions that are
followed 32 （accomplish） a task； it’s a computer’s thought
process to attack and “battle” each other.
Well， 33 machine learning was used in this situation， the
robot itself would make a decision in the moment based on the information
it 34 （give）.Meaning， the robot would choose to perform either
option A or option B， rather than 35 （tell） through code to always
perform option A no matter what.
So， instead of coding software with specific instructions， machine
learning trains an algorithm so it can learn how to make 36
（decision） for itself.
It should be obvious that machine learning is one of the 37
（cool） emerging fields in tech.In the coming years， many companies
like DeepMind and OpenAI hope to solve general artificial
intelligence， 38 can learn and perform any task put in front of it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了机器学习这一人工
智能的核心理念。
本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了机器学习这一人工
智能的核心理念。
29. application 考查名词。根据设空处前的冠词an可知，这里应用名
词形式。
30. to 考查介词。access意为“机会；权利；方法；通路”，access
to sth是固定搭配。
31. clearly 考查副词。这里应用副词来修饰后面的动词短语。
32. to accomplish 考查非谓语动词。机器人遵守指示的目的是完成任
务，因此应用动词不定式作目的状语。
33. if 考查状语从句。这里表示一种假设的情形，因此应用连词if引
导条件状语从句。
34. has been given 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。这里表示
“被给予”机器人的信息，并且是机器人在完成任务之前就已经获得
的信息，应用现在完成时的被动语态。
35. being told 考查非谓语动词。rather than后面通常用名词、代词或
动词-ing形式，而且这里表示被动概念，因此应用动词-ing形式的被动
形式。
36. decisions 考查名词复数。decision为可数名词，这里应用复
数形式。
37. coolest 考查形容词的最高级。“one of＋the＋形容词的最高级＋
可数名词复数”是一个常见的句式。
38. which 考查定语从句。这里应用关系代词which引导非限制性定
语从句。
谢谢观看！
