Unit 1 Science and Scientists Section Ⅲ Using Language课件（共74张）+学案（含答案）+练习（含答案）

Section Ⅲ　Using Language
维度一：品句填词
1.Stephen Hawking was known as an 　　　　　（优秀的） physicist.
2.A heavy rain suddenly 　　　　　　（倾泻） down； as a result， the sports meeting was put off.
3.On Friday night I had such a 　　　　　　　　（生动的） dream that I can still remember the terrible feeling.
4.I strongly 　　　　　　（怀疑） that he was lying to me yesterday.
5.Look forward to your coming and 　　　　　　（绝妙的） performance.
6.If you always try to find f　　　　　　 with others， it means that you have gained another shortcoming.
7.A great many c　　　　　　 measures have been taken by our government to contain it.
8.It is acknowledged that reading lays a s　　　　 foundation for further learning.
维度二：词形转换
1.Much to our joy， his health is getting 　　　（steady） better with time going by.
2.Jenna got down to 　　　　　　（make） sandwiches with her father guiding her patiently.
3.In reality，the mechanic made a severe mistake， 　　　　　　（shift） nervously from one foot to another.
4.The new study’s 　　　　　　（find） warn that the global warming is becoming more and more serious.
5.　　　　　　 （initial）， it will do harm to our health and may cause short-sightedness.
6.Stop the negative 　　　　　　（think） and focus on solving those problems.
7.I’m writing to apply for the job as an 　　　　　（assist） in your travel agency.
8.No matter how 　　　　　　（gift） you are， you alone cannot change the world.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.Thanks 　　　　　　her patience and efforts， she finally contacted the man who was 　　　　charge of the company.
2.I have never taken part in a 　　　　　　　　（meaningful） activity than this one.
3.Though he came down 　　　　　　a severe disease， he was still willing 　　　　　　（help） over the course of the project.
4.It is true that tea houses in Hangzhou trace back 　　　　　　the Southern Song Dynasty.
5.I feel greatly honoured to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（负责） the activity to be held in the school lecture hall next Saturday.
6.Once conflicts 　　　　　　　　（爆发） in the future， you must tell me as soon as possible.
7.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （从远处看）， the island looked like a cloud.
8.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　（受到人类活动的严重影响）， many wild animals are in danger of extinction.
维度四：课文语法填空
（一）
　　When Qian Xuesen was young， he realised China needed air force 1.　　　　　　 （defend） the country， so he went to America to study aviation. As a graduate 2.　　　　　　 （assist） at the California Institute of Technology， he helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion. Finally， he became a pioneer in jet and rocket technology. 3.　　　　　　 Qian Xuesen returned to China in 1955， he was put 4.　　　　　　 charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. Under his leadership， China made 5.　　　　　　 （outstand） progress in rockets， missiles and man-made satellites. Because of this， he earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”.
（二）
　　Stephen Hawking was a 6.　　　　　　 （gift） scientist. Since he came down 7.　　　　　 a disease causing him to lose the use of most of his muscles， his world became one of abstract thought. There was a theory on the origin of the universe explaining the universe 8.　　　　　　 （begin） at a single point in time and space. His own work on the big bang theory was proven by astronomers with 9.　　　　　　 （telescope） and a new star was born. He was brilliant， brave and determined. And he was willing to admit his faults. This odd 10.　　　　　　 （combine） of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of modern times.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·武汉高二上学期期末考试）By now， you’ve probably been warned that a robot is coming for your job.But rather than repeat the warning， I’ve decided to throw down a challenge： man against machine.
Start with the task we’re engaged in right now： communicating in fluent language.We’re sharing abstract ideas through words that we choose with an understanding of their difference and impact.
Here’s another inbuilt advantage we take for granted： as humans， we are limited by design.We are bound in time： we die.We are bound in space： we can’t be in more than one place at a time.
That means that when I speak to an audience， I am giving them something special.It’s a custom-made， one-off， 100% robot-free delivery， from today’s one-and-only Australian Chief Scientist.
Digital Alan seems to increase the appetite for human Alan， just as Spotify can boost the demand for a musician’s live performances.
Thanks to technology， many goods and services are cheaper， better and more accessible than ever before.We like our on-tap lectures and our automated FitBit advice.
Online courses haven’t killed the bricks-and-mortar university.FitBit hasn’t killed the personal trainer.On the contrary， they’re all booming.
Here’s a third argument for the win.We humans have learned the habit of civilisation.Let me illustrate this point by a story.
A few years ago， some researchers set out to investigate the way that people interact with robots.They sent out a small robot to patrol （巡逻） the local mall.That robot had a terrible time — and the villains of the story were children.They kicked him， bullied him， smacked him in the head.
The point is not that the children were violent.The point is that the adults were not.They controlled whatever primitive impulse （原始冲动） they might have felt in childhood to smack something smaller and weaker in the head.We call it civilisation.
Together， these points suggest to me that humanity has a powerful competitive edge.We can coexist with our increasingly capable machines and we can make space for the full breadth of human talents to flourish.
1.What’s humans’ second advantage according to the author？
A.Our language ability.
B.Our unique existence.
C.Our super intelligence.
D.Our special personality.
2.What’s the author’s attitude towards Spotify and FitBit？
A.Negative. B.Doubtful.
C.Confused. D.Grateful.
3.Why does the author tell the story of a small robot？
A.To prove humans are well-educated.
B.To show children are naughty in nature.
C.To suggest machines will become violent.
D.To indicate machines aren’t that dangerous.
4.What’s the author’s final conclusion about humans and machines？
A.We’ll live in harmony with each other.
B.Both sides would be losers in the fight.
C.Humans will completely defeat machines.
D.Machines will replace humans in many fields.
B
（2024·山东六校高二下学期联考）Scientists have discovered the world’s largest known field of sea grass.They did it using videos shot by some unusual helpers： tiger sharks.The work should help protect the sea grass， and also shows off a powerful way to explore the ocean.
Sea grasses are flowering plants that normally grow in shallow waters near coasts.They grow in thick fields， known as meadows （草地）.Sea grass meadows help clean the ocean’s water， and provide food and shelter for many sea creatures.Importantly， sea grass meadows also help in the fight against the climate crisis.That’s because they store huge amounts of carbon — the harmful pollution that’s making global warming worse.
But though they’re very important， scientists don’t have a good idea of the size and number of the world’s sea grass meadows.The meadows can be hard to spot and the ocean is so huge that it’s not simply possible to study it all by diving.
So a team of scientists decided to have sharks help with the research.Tiger sharks are huge， strong， and deadly.But they also live underwater， are fast swimmers， and spend a lot of time in sea grass meadows.
Between 2016 and 2020， a team of researchers attached cameras and other trackers to the fins of seven tiger sharks.After catching the sharks， the scientists worked quickly to attach the equipment， then let them go again.
The cameras were designed to fall off after a few hours and float to the surface.Tracking signals helped the scientists find the floating cameras and collect the videos the sharks had taken.The scientists were left with hours of videos taken as the sharks travelled for miles over the sea floor.
Putting all this information together， the scientists learned that the meadow covers at least 25，500 square miles， and could be as large as 35，500 square miles.The discovery means that the world has roughly 40% more sea grass meadows than scientists previously thought.However， much still remains to be done to protect them.
5.What’s the second paragraph mainly about？
A.How sea grass meadows grow.
B.Where sea grass meadows grow.
C.The benefits of sea grass meadows.
D.The problems of sea grass meadows.
6.When were the tiger sharks let go by the scientists？
A.After collecting the videos.
B.Before shooting the videos.
C.After finding the cameras.
D.Before attaching the trackers.
7.What does the discovery mean to the scientists according to the last paragraph？
A.A wake-up call.
B.An unexpected blow.
C.A promising future.
D.A pleasant surprise.
8.What would be the most suitable title for the text？
A.Sea Grass Meadows Are Fighting Global Warming
B.Sea Grass Meadows Do Good to Oceans and Sharks
C.Sharks Help Discover World’s Largest Sea Grass Meadow
D.Scientists Try to Research Sharks and Sea Grass Meadows
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　（2024·重庆高二下学期月考）Jade lives in Australia， a country famous for kangaroos， but not for snow.Yet at 12， she 　9　 to ski at the North Pole.
Despite the lack of authentic training space， Jade still built her 　10　 at the gym.She ran with giant tyres attached to her waist to 　11　 what it was like to　12　 a sled across ice.By the age of 14， Jade was 　13　.
The far north is not a blank carpet of soft snow， but Jade 　14　 the tough conditions.Even though every part of her body was 　15　， she never thought of giving up.In April 2021， Jade made 　16　， becoming the youngest person to ski to the North Pole.
When talking about her 　17　， she stated that every human body is 　18　， whether you are a man or a woman.But when the talk was 　19　online， some Internet bullies （霸凌者） wrote mean 　20　 like “Make me a sandwich”， to make her feel small.
To prove women’s place is far beyond the　21　， Jade and her team pushed on to the South Pole and made it.Holding a plate with a sandwich， Jade 　22　 had her photo taken and posted online.She dared the bullies，“I made you a sandwich.Now 　23　 37 days and 600km to the South Pole， and you can eat it.”
9.A.managed　　　　　　B.decided
C.offered D.afforded
10.A.career B.confidence
C.strength D.team
11.A.tell B.feel
C.remember D.share
12.A.pull B.stretch
C.push D.carry
13.A.mature B.determined
C.available D.ready
14.A.braved B.improved
C.predicted D.identified
15.A.working B.refusing
C.bleeding D.aching
16.A.progress B.promises
C.history D.efforts
17.A.hobby B.adventure
C.advantage D.award
18.A.complex B.beautiful
C.amazing D.valuable
19.A.delivered B.posted
C.declared D.remarked
20.A.comments B.suggestions
C.concerns D.greetings
21.A.gym B.field
C.kitchen D.office
22.A.unwillingly B.casually
C.secretly D.proudly
23.A.ski B.walk
C.run D.cycle
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请你以The Scientist I Admire Most为题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.谁是你最钦佩的科学家；
2.对其进行简要介绍；
3.我们应该学习他（她）什么。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was young， I lived in a small village in Melaka.The spirit of neighbourliness was very strong then.The village had a variety of trades to serve the needs of the villagers.There was a barber， tailor， coffee shop owner， grocer， and so on.All of us were quite poor but we got by.However， one family which could be considered as living a marginal existence was the Lim family living in the bicycle shop opposite our dwelling.
Mr Lim， the bicycle mechanic， had a large brood of children — twelve to be exact.My mother was a kind-hearted soul.Often， she would remark that his children were dressed in ragged clothes and looked malnourished （营养不良的）.My family was relatively better off in the village.My parents would bring over whatever food we could spare to the Lim family.
I remember one particular year when times were very hard.Even my family had to make do with two meals a day.We stopped the practice of giving food to Mr Lim.One day， I noticed my mother looking troubled.She had learned that the Lim family had not been eating for the past two days.She decided to sacrifice a portion of our meals to the family despite the protests from my brothers that were too hungry.Fortunately， the difficult time did not last long， and the children in our family resumed our three meals a day again.
As time went on， the number of customers at Lim’s shop had increased rapidly.Business at his shop took off like a rocket as Japanese bikes were very useful and popular for transport.They were much better off than before.
It was at this time that my father’s health was worsening.We were confused by the mysterious illness he was suffering from.Because of lack of attention to his provision shop （食品店）， the business became worse.My father then sold our family car to pay off the mounting bills.My brothers and I had to stop schooling because we could not afford the fees.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
They say that one good deed deserves another.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　With the help of Mr Lim， the situation in my family took a turn for the better.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅲ　Using Language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.outstanding　2.poured　3.vivid　4.suspect（ed）
5.brilliant　6.fault　7.concrete　8.solid
维度二
1.steadily　2.making　3.shifting　4.findings　5.Initially　6.thinking　7.assistant　8.gifted
维度三
1.to； in　2.more meaningful　3.with； to help　4.to
5.be in charge of　6.break out　7.Viewed/Seen from a distance　8.Seriously affected by human activities
维度四
1.to defend　2.assistant　3.When　4.in　5.outstanding　6.gifted　7.with　8.began　9.telescopes　bination
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。随着人工智能的发展，机器及自动化给我们带来了巨大的挑战。那么，人类未来的命运究竟如何呢？本文对此进行了探讨。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第三、四段可知，作者认为人类的第二大优势在于每个人都是与众不同、独一无二和不可复制的。
2.D　观点态度题。根据第五至七段可知，作者认为，在每一个领域，高科技、电子版和自动化不但没有消灭实体的人或事物，反而促进了后者的发展。Spotify和FitBit是作者所列举的高科技的代表事物。由此判断作者的态度是感激的。
3.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二、三段可知，作者讲这个故事，表面是说明小孩的暴力倾向。其隐含的思想是：文明的人类会控制暴力冲动，而那些不具有文明特征的机器则就不好说了。
4.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，作者最终的结论是：相比机器人，人类有明显的竞争优势，不过两者将会和谐共处。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在鲨鱼的帮助下，科学家们发现了世界上已知的最大的海草草地。
5.C　段落大意题。根据第二段可知，本段主要说明了海草草地的各种好处，包括净化海水、为海洋动物提供食物和栖息地，以及对抗气候变化等。
6.B　细节理解题。根据第五、六段可知，科学家的操作流程为：捕捉鲨鱼、安装摄像头、放掉鲨鱼、鲨鱼协助拍摄、摄像头自动脱落漂到水面、科学家收集摄像头。
7.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，科学家最后得到的结果是：发现了比之前预估多出40%的海草草地！这自然是“意外的惊喜”。
8.C　标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文主要告诉我们：在鲨鱼的帮助下，科学家们发现了世界上已知的最大的海草草地。因此C项最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Jade在12岁时决定去北极滑雪，经过两年的训练，她做好准备并且创造了历史，成为最年轻的滑雪到北极的人。
9.B　根据下文to ski at the North Pole可知，Jade决定去北极滑雪。
10.C　根据下文She ran with giant tyres attached to her waist to可知，Jade锻炼的是自己的力量。
11.B　根据语境可知，她腰上系着巨大的轮胎，是为了感受拉雪橇穿越冰面的感觉。
12.A　参见上题解析。
13.D　根据下文描述冰天雪地的环境可知，Jade已经准备好去北极滑雪了。
14.A　根据下文the tough conditions可知，虽然条件艰苦，但是Jade还是去勇敢面对。
15.D　根据上文Even though every part of her body was以及上一段中提到她腰上系轮胎以感受拉雪橇穿过冰面的感觉可推知，Jade的身体遭受了艰苦锻炼，每个部位都在疼痛。
16.C　根据下文becoming the youngest person to ski to the North Pole可知，Jade成为最年轻的滑雪到北极的人，创造了历史，这是她的一次冒险。
17.B　参见上题解析。
18.C　Jade虽然在艰苦的条件中身体每个部位都在疼痛，但她还是成功滑雪到了北极。由此可知，她意识到每个人的身体都是惊人的，无论男女。
19.B　根据下文like “Make me a sandwich”可知，一些网络霸凌者发布了“给我做个三明治”这样刻薄的评论。
20.A　参见上题解析。
21.C　根据上文Make me a sandwich可知，这些霸凌者说“做三明治”是想说女性应该待在厨房做饭，而Jade用自己的行动证明了女性的位置不仅仅在厨房。
22.D　根据上文Jade and her team pushed on to the South Pole and made it可知，Jade和她的团队前往南极并成功了，因此此刻她很自豪。
23.A　根据第一段中的to ski at the North Pole可知，这里指滑雪去南极。
Ⅲ.
The Scientist I Admire Most
Among numerous brilliant scientists who have changed the world， I admire Thomas Edison most.
Born in America in 1847， Thomas Edison is one of the greatest scientists in the history of mankind. During his lifetime， Edison invented many devices in fields such as electric power generation， mass communication， sound recording， and movies. Meanwhile， he received 1，093 US patents in a variety of fields. Because of his great contributions to humankind， he was ranked 9th among The 100 Most Influential Figures in American History.
Thomas Edison once said，“Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.” It was his hard work and perseverance that led to his incredible achievements， which， in my opinion， we should all learn from.
Ⅳ.
　　They say that one good deed deserves another.Mr Lim， our neighbour， came to learn of our situation and stepped in to help.He stated simply that it was his turn to repay the kindness that my parents had shown to him in the past.Through his connections， Mr Lim arranged for my father to consult a famous doctor.Not only was this doctor’s diagnosis of my father’s medical condition accurate， but he was also able to cure my father.Besides， he arranged for a loan for my father’s business.He also told my brothers and me that we should not give up our education.He then arranged to finance our education as long as we needed it.
With the help of Mr Lim， the situation in my family took a turn for the better.My father recovered from his illness gradually and his business recovered the next year.My father is now the proud owner of the village mini-market.Mr Lim has expanded his business， too.My brothers and I are among the top students in the school.Whenever my parents met up with Mr Lim， they would thank him for his past help.He would just shrug off their thanks and say simply that he was merely repaying a kindness.The children in both families have brotherly friendship now.The story between the Lim family and my family has proved a saying that kindness begets kindness.
6 / 6Section Ⅲ　Using Language
Part Ⅰ　Talk about scientific experiences
　　　　　　　　　　　　　听说课前清障 ——排除疑难，胸有成竹
1.cast vt.投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷
2.shadow n.阴影；影子；背光处
3.rainbow n.彩虹
4.pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）
5.concrete n.混凝土
adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
6.plasma n.血浆
7.field trip （常指学生）野外考察，实地考察，户外教学
8.every colour of the rainbow五彩缤纷
9.sound like 听起来像
10.They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times.
他们有一个镜子大厅，在那里我可以看到自己被反射了数千次。
11.They had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while， and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it.
他们做了一个实验，在实验中我们在蓝色屏幕上看了一会儿，然后突然我们可以看到微小的亮光在屏幕上移动。
12.For some reason， our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen， and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights.
出于某种原因，当看到蓝色屏幕时，我们的眼睛会捉弄我们，我们可以看到自己的血细胞像小灯一样四处移动。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　话题听力提能 ——捕捉信息，精准判断
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第1段材料，回答第1、2题。
1.What does the woman regret？
A.Giving up her research.
B.Dropping out of college.
C.Changing her major.
2.What is the woman interested in studying now？
A.Ecology.　B.Education. C.Chemistry.
听第2段材料，回答第3至5题。
3.Why does the woman meet the man？
A.To look at an apartment.
B.To deliver some furniture.
C.To have a meal together.
4.What does the woman like about the carpet？
A.Its colour. B.Its design. C.Its quality.
5.What does the man say about the kitchen？
A.It’s a good size.
B.It’s newly painted.
C.It’s adequately equipped.
听第3段材料，回答第6至8题。
6.What is the man doing？
A.Making a reply.
B.Getting some advice.
C.Asking for information.
7.What sport is the most popular at the camping center？
A.Horse-riding. B.Sailing. C.Boating.
8.When do groups always arrive at the camping center？
A.On Friday.
B.On Saturday.
C.On Sunday.
听第4段材料，回答第9至12题。
A.Can it speak different languages？
B.It is even able to lead his way home.
C.You can talk to the robot or ask it questions.
D.There are more possibilities for our lives with them.
E.This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
9.Who is the speaker？
A.A guide. B.A teacher. C.A coach.
10.When will the students leave for the museum？
A.At 6：30. B.At 7：45. C.At 8：00.
11.What will the students do at 1：15？
A.See a film.
B.Meet at a café.
C.Visit a gallery.
12.Where can the students find more information？
A.From teachers.B.From a website.C.From a book.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
话题表达实战 ——聚焦主题，定向突破
　　下面对话中两个人就社交机器人的功能展开了讨论。
　　阅读下面对话，根据语境选择最佳选项。
W：Jim， whether in the home or the workplace， social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.
M：That’s it.Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way.　1　
W：I couldn’t agree more.While household robots today do the normal housework， social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.For example， these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. 　2　
M：Just like the Jibo robot， arranged to ship later this year， is designed to be a personalized assistant. 　3　 If necessary， you can even make requests for it to perform different tasks.
W：Hmm.Can it remind my grandpa to take medicine？
M：Of course.Just a piece of cake.　4　
W：Nice. 　5　
M：Yes.It can learn from communicating with others.That means， the more interaction the robot has with humans， the more it learns.
　　班会上，同学们就参观科学博物馆时的体验进行了热烈的讨论。
　　阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。
Wang Jian：It was amazing to experience such things in the museum.I never think 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （它能以固体的形式存在）.
Li Hong：I feel the same way.When I stood on the stage and touched the pole， my hair stood on end soon.I tried several times.2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （每次我这样做的时候，都会发生这样的事）.
Hui Fang：Almost everything is fresh to us. 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （通过这一次，我们知道我们还有许多东西要去学习）.
Li Daqing：I think we should often go to the museum.Only in this way can we know how light is reflected， what the strange thing means and so on.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　听力技巧点拨 ——授之以渔，证之以例
如何解答推理判断类听力题
听力主要考查学生以下四个方面的能力：①获取事实性的具体信息；②对所听内容做出简单推断；③理解说话者的意图、观点或态度；④理解主旨要义。推理判断类听力题主要考查学生对文章中隐含或深层含义的理解能力。它要求学生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断，包括学生对作者观点的理解、态度的判断，对修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。
高考听力测试的推理判断题主要有以下几种类型，每种类型都有相应的信息词，抓住信息词就能明确关系：①对人物关系的判断；②对谈话场景、地点的判断；③对谈话人行为状态的推测；④对数字的推理判断；⑤对谈话者态度的判断。
【典例】　What does the man think of the movie？
A.Wonderful.　B.Average.　C.Terrible.
【听力材料】
W：You went to the cinema last night？ What movie did you watch？
M：Hua Mulan.
W：What is it about？ Can you give me a simple introduction to its plot？
M：Sorry， I can’t.To be frank， I slept most of the time.
【分析】　此段对话中男士的最后一句话I slept most of the time说明这部电影非常枯燥，以至于他大部分时间在睡觉。故答案为C。
Part Ⅱ　Write about what makes a great scientist
1.Qian Xuesen changed his major to aviation because 　　　　.
A.he was not interested in his former major
B.he could get a well-paid job in the future
C.he felt it his duty to help his homeland
D.the country asked him to do so
2.What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to the passage？
A.His strong interest in art like music and drawing.
B.His research in the United States.
C.His friends’ encouragement.
D.His habit of reading a lot.
3.How long did Qian Xuesen stay in the United States？
A.About 15 years.
B.About 20 years.
C.About 25 years.
D.About 30 years.
4.How was Hawking’s own theory proved correct？
A.Fred Hoyle admitted the mistake himself.
B.He worked with others to prove it true.
C.He pointed out and corrected Fred Hoyle’s mistake in maths.
D.Hawking was the most famous scientist in physics at the moment.
Step 1　品教材课文 Step 2　析写作手法
THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort， achievement， and devotion， Qian was an extremely well-respected man. Born in Shanghai in 1911， Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.[1]However， after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932， Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 　　[1]这是一个复合句。after引导时间状语从句；because引导原因状语从句。 Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies.Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s， Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology.As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s， Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion， and in the 1940s， he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory， now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres. After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US， Qian returned to China in 1955.He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.At that time， China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped.No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major， and there were no talents or experts in this field in China.Nevertheless， Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge.When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was a determined “Why not？ We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.” [2]Under Qian’s leadership， China developed the Dongfeng missiles， followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.In 1970， China successfully launched its first man-made satellite， Dong Fang Hong Ⅰ， from a Long March rocket.Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecraft can also be traced back to Qian’s research， Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”. 　　[2]这是一个简单句。过去分词短语followed by ...在句中作状语。 Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable， especially in the area of frontier science research.However， what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things， such as music and drawing.His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research. On 31 October 2009， the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death， and people honoured and remembered him in different ways. 　　该部分有两个阅读语篇，标题分别为THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE和A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT，它们从不同的角度简要叙述了科学家钱学森和史蒂芬·霍金的经历、重要贡献、性格特点以及他们所具备的科学素养。 第一篇文章THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE，首先用“否定词＋比较级”的句式结构介绍钱学森在科学界的地位，然后用过去分词短语作状语及定语从句举例说明他具体的科学家的品质。 第二、三段使用了in 1911、in 1932、 in 1935、 Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s、 during the 1930s、 in the 1940s等时间状语介绍了钱学森在归国前的成就。 第四段介绍了钱学森回国后克服困难的经历。文中使用了poor、undeveloped和No等词汇突出介绍了当时中国贫穷的现状，然后使用过渡词Nevertheless转折到描写钱学森研发导弹的决心。 第五段介绍了钱学森在航天科技领域所做的开创性工作——Dongfeng missiles、 the first generation of Long March rockets、 first man-made satellite、 much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecraft等等。因此钱学森赢得了“中国航天之父”的赞誉。 第六段介绍了钱学森广泛的爱好，以及这些爱好对他开展科学研究的积极影响。 第七段介绍了钱学森的去世及其影响。
A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics.Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair， unable to move and using a computer to talk.[3]Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles， his world became one of abstract thought. 　　[3]这是一个复合句。since引导时间状语从句；which引导定语从句。 Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk， as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964.In general， there were two main theories on the origin of the universe.The first was the steady state theory， which holds that the universe has no beginning or end.The other was the big bang theory， which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space.The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle， a professor at Cambridge.During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures， Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths.Once the maths was corrected， it showed that the big bang theory — and not the steady state theory — was true.Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes.A star was born. So， what made Stephen Hawking a genius？ Besides being brilliant， he was brave， though sometimes careless in what he said or did.He was willing to say what others were afraid to say， and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.Furthermore， he was quite determined.This had helped him as a scientist， and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease.Above all， Hawking was willing to admit his faults.This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries. 　　第二篇文章A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT，重点讲述了霍金早期成名的经历，突出了他顽强地与疾病作斗争、敢于质疑、坚持梦想、勇于承认错误等可贵品质。 第一段使用one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics介绍了霍金在科学界的地位。 第二段介绍了霍金的早期成就。文章通过“大爆炸”战胜“稳恒态理论”的过程来介绍霍金理论的正确。 第三段以特殊疑问句开头，告诉我们勇敢无畏、意志坚定和敢于承认错误是霍金身上体现出来的科学家的品质。 总的说来，两篇文章具有以下特点： 1.按照时间顺序展开，讲述人物经历； 2.两个语篇都有效使用了一些衔接词语，如： however、 nevertheless、because、in general、 besides、 furthermore、 above all等。
【参考译文】
中国航天之父
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他为一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且他热爱祖国、甘于奉献、成就斐然。
钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。不过，1932年淞沪抗战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。
1935年，钱学森前往美国读研究生。二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作。二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室，该实验室现已成为美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。
留学美国的最后几年，钱学森克服困难，于1955年回到中国。他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。那时候，中国还很贫穷，火箭科学尚不发达。中国没有一所学院或大学开设火箭科学专业，而且没有该领域的人才或专家。然而，钱学森并不气馁，而是接受挑战。有人问他：“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗？”他的回答十分坚定：“有什么不能的，外国人能造出来的，我们中国人同样能造得出来。”
在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。1970年，中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列飞船的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为“中国航天之父”。
钱学森博览群书，尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博。然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力时常给科研工作带来灵感。
2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式纪念他、缅怀他。
一个纯思维的世界
史蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子。他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
霍金最早成名于1964年，当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大学物理学研究生。总的来说，宇宙起源有两大理论：第一个是稳恒态理论，认为宇宙无始无终；另一个是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空中的一个点。稳恒态概念的最大拥护者是剑桥大学的弗雷德·霍伊尔教授。在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问答环节站了起来，指出霍伊尔教授计算有误。错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的。不久，天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙，验证了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究。一位明星就此诞生。
那么，是什么使史蒂芬·霍金成为一名天才呢？除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他意志坚定。无论是作为一位科学家，还是与病魔作斗争，这种品质对他都大有帮助。最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。
Step 3　背出彩佳句
一、开门见山，指出要介绍的科学家的历史地位
1.Born in 1911， he was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century.生于1911年，他是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。
2.As we all know， he is one of the most famous medical scientists in the 21st century in China.众所周知，他是中国21世纪最著名的医学科学家之一。
二、描写要介绍的科学家的重要事迹
1.He got an award in 1998 for having played an important role in scientific research.
因为在科学研究中发挥了重要作用，他在1998年获奖。
2.He is such a learned/strong-willed person that we all admire/respect him.
他是一个如此博学/意志坚强的人，我们都钦佩/尊敬他。
3.He devoted all his life to scientific research and his scientific findings have benefited people all over the world.
他一生致力于科学研究，他的科学发现使全世界人民受益。
三、总结概括科学家的品质
1.His efforts in protecting people’s health and lives are worth celebrating. Let’s salute him and give him the thumbs up！
他为保护人民健康和生命所做的努力值得庆贺。让我们向他致敬，给他点赞！
2.Due to his great achievements and contributions， he was awarded State Preeminent Science and Technology Award in 2005， which is China’s top science award.
由于他的巨大成就和贡献，他于2005年被授予国家最高科学技术奖，这是中国的最高科学奖。
　　牛顿是世界著名的科学家，关于他的故事有很多。请你根据他煮鸡蛋的故事，以A Story of Newton为题写一篇短文，并据此发表一下自己对科学精神的看法。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
一、合理布局，精心谋篇
二、遣词造句，规范得体
1.使用gifted、 outstanding、 devoted、 forget、 so ...that ...及下列汉语提示简要介绍著名科学家牛顿。
（1）牛顿是最杰出、最有天赋的科学家之一。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
（2）牛顿是如此投入以至于他经常在日常生活中忘却小事。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
（3）用倒装句升级句（2）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.根据下列汉语提示叙述牛顿煮鸡蛋的过程。
（1）一个仆人为牛顿做饭。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
（2）他想要出去。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
（3）他让牛顿自己煮鸡蛋。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
（4）当仆人回来时，他发现锅里正在煮的不是鸡蛋而是一个怀表。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.根据下列汉语提示完成句子。
（1）我们应该知识渊博。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
（2）我们应该全神贯注于我们正在做的事情。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
（3）用not only ...but also ...的倒装句合并句（1）和句（2）。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
三、恰当衔接，自然过渡
1.用定语从句和动词-ing短语作状语合并第2题中的句（1）、句（2）和句（3）。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.用what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句改写第2题中的句（4）。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
四、认真誊写，赏心悦目
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
核心词汇集释
break out （战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发
【教材原句】　However， after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932， Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.不过，1932年淞沪抗战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。
【用法】
break away from　脱离/挣脱……
break in 插话；破门而入
break into 破门而入
break up 打碎；结束；（关系等）破裂
break down 出故障；坏掉；失败；（身体等）垮掉；消除
【佳句】　Unluckily，a terrible quarrel broke out between my best friend and me. （求助信）
不幸的是，我最好的朋友和我发生了激烈的争吵。
【练透】　用适当的介词或副词填空
①When the war broke 　　　　　　， the whole country was in a total mess.
②He broke 　　　　rudely，“I am not to blame.” Then he stormed out of the room in extreme anger.
③I am terribly sorry to hear that Tom and Mary have broken 　　　　　　.
【写美】　完成句子
④Learning that my partner 　　　　　　　， I dashed to the hospital without hesitation like an arrow.得知我的搭档病倒了，我毫不犹豫地像箭一样冲向医院。
defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解
【用法】
（1）defend ... from/against ...
　　　　 　　保护……免受……的伤害
defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫
defend one’s beliefs/interests/rights
捍卫自己的信仰/利益/权利
（2）defence n. 保卫；保护；辩护
in defence of 保护；为……辩护
（3）defender n. 防守队员，后卫；保护者，捍卫者
【佳句】　Mac jumped off the bike，seized the bike and threw it to the wolf with all his strength to defend himself. （读后续写之肢体动作描写）
Mac跳下自行车，把它抓起来，用尽全力把它扔向狼来自卫。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The Great Wall was originally built in the Western Zhou period 　　　　　　（defend） against the attack of the enemies.
②She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if 　　　　　　defence.
【写美】　一句多译
③看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。 （读后续写之肢体动作描写）
→Seeing the fierce snake， he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（defend）
→Seeing the fierce snake， he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（defence）
in charge of主管；掌管；负责
【教材原句】　He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。
【用法】
（1）in the charge of　由……负责；被……掌管
take charge of 负责/看管（表动作）
free of charge 免费
（2）charge （sb） for sth 为……（向某人）收费/要价
charge sb with （doing） sth
指控某人（做）某事
【佳句】　①As chairman of the Students’ Association， I was appointed to be in charge of arranging all the activities during your stay in Tianjin.
作为学生会主席，我被任命负责安排您在天津期间的所有活动。
②The company charged the man with neglecting his duty.
公司指控那名男子玩忽职守。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Tears of sadness and terror poured down the boy’s cheeks， because he was charged 　　　　　　stealing the woman’s gold ring.She charged him much money 　　　　　　the stolen ring.Luckily， a kind-hearted lawyer offered to defend the boy free 　　　　　　charge.
【写美】　一句多译
②我负责学校广播站的英语节目“Talk and Talk”。
→I 　　　　　　　　　　“Talk and Talk”， which is an English program in our school radio station.
→“Talk and Talk” is 　　　　　　　　　　， which is an English program in our school radio station.
come down with患（病）；染上（小病）
【教材原句】　Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles， his world became one of abstract thought.
他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界就变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
【用法】
come across　　　　（偶然）遇见，碰见；被理解
come about 发生（无被动形式）
come up 走近；上来；被提及
come up with 提出
when it comes to ... 当谈到……
【佳句】　①Learning that you come down with a terrible disease， we are quite concerned about you.
得知你染上重病，我们非常担心你。
②She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
她想出了增加销售量的新主意。
【练透】　用come的相关短语填空
①The instant I knew that my partner 　　　　　　　　　　　a severe illness，a wave of sadness and concern washed over me.
②I’ll never understand how it 　　　　　　　　　　　that you were an hour late for such an important meeting.
【写美】　完成句子
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I have the following practical suggestions to share with you.
谈到英语学习，我有以下实用的建议与你们分享。
重点句型解构
句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
【教材原句】　Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大的了。
【用法】
否定词＋比较级＝最高级，意为“没有……更……的了；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no、 not、 never、 nothing、 nobody、 hardly等。
【品悟】　①As far as I’m concerned， nothing is more important than keeping healthy physically and mentally. （学校生活）
依我看来，没有什么比保持身心健康更重要的了。
②After months of hard work， it couldn’t have been better to go for an outing to relax ourselves.
经过几个月的辛苦工作，出去郊游放松一下再好不过了。
【写美】　完成句子
①I am greatly convinced that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the group study room.
我深信没有一个地方比小组学习室更适合学习了。
②Nobody 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.I can’t thank you enough.
没有人比你更热心了。我真是太感谢你了。
③The Shawshank Redemption is really fantastic！ I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　than it.
《肖申克的救赎》真是太棒了！我从来没有看过比它更好的电影。
句型公式：过去分词（短语）作状语
【教材原句】　Born in Shanghai in 1911， Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.
钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。
【用法】
（1）及物动词的过去分词（短语）作状语表示被动和完成的动作；不及物动词的过去分词（短语）作状语表示主动和完成的动作。
（2）过去分词（短语）作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。
【品悟】　Influenced by Steve Jobs， he focuses on details and seeks perfection in everything.
受史蒂夫·乔布斯的影响，他凡事注重细节，追求完美。
【写美】　完成句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　， Jane sat beside a tree and held her shoulders in her arms tightly to make herself warm. （读后续写之情绪描写）
简既害怕又沮丧，坐在一棵树旁，用双臂紧紧地抱住肩膀让自己暖和点。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I decided to give it a try.
在老师话语的鼓励下，我决定试一试。
句型公式：not only ... but also ...不仅……而且……
【教材原句】　He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。
【用法】
（1）not only ... but also ...用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，意为“不仅……而且……”；其中also有时可以省略。
（2）not only ... but also ...连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装。
（3）not only ... but also ...连接的两个成分作主语时，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
【品悟】　Not only should we show respect for the great scientists， but we should also learn the scientific spirits from them.
我们不仅要尊重这些伟大的科学家，而且要学习他们的科学精神。
【写美】　一句多译/句型转换
①我们不仅应该为他们筹集资金，而且应该帮助他们重建家园。
→We 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， but we should also help them rebuild their homes.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， but we should also help them rebuild their homes.（倒装句）
②The restaurant not only provides great food， but it also offers excellent service.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（倒装句）
　　When the aerials are down， and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism， then you are grown old， even at 20， but as long as your aerials are up， to catch waves of optimism， there is hope you may die young at 80. 　　一旦天线降下，锐气便被冰雪覆盖，玩世不恭、自暴自弃油然而生，即便年方二十，实已垂垂老矣；然则只要竖起天线，捕捉乐观信号，你就有望在八十高龄告别尘寰时仍觉年轻。
情感描写 ①frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 ②determined adj.下定决心的，坚定的 ③willing adj.乐意的
动作描写 ①suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 ②blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 ③decrease vt.& vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低 ④cast vt.投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷 ⑤pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料） ⑥trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 ⑦defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 ⑧assist vt.帮助；协助 ⑨break out（战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发
第一步：完成句子雏形现
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the woman’s gold ring，which cast a cloud of gloom over my face.
我被怀疑偷了这位女士的金戒指，这使我脸上蒙上了一层阴影。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 like a flood.
我是如此懊恼以至于泪水像洪水一样顺着脸颊流下来。
3.I thought why I should 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我想我为什么要代人受过呢。
4.So I tried my best to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　my innocence.
因此我尽最大努力追踪真正的小偷以捍卫我的清白。
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　，I am greatly convinced that I will prove that I was wronged.在朋友们的帮助下，我深信我会证明我是被冤枉的。
第二步：句式升级造亮点
6.用倒装句改写句2
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第三步：过渡衔接连成篇
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅲ　Using Language
Part Ⅰ　Talk about scientific experiences
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5　BAAAC　 6－10　CABBC　11－12　AB
听力材料：
（Text 1）
W：The biggest mistake I made， uh ... was leaving college in my last year and not completing my education.So， I’m thinking of going back to school.
M：School？ To study what？
W：Ecology.I’m interested in the relationship between humans and nature.
M：Cool.Is it what you studied years ago？
W：No， I majored in chemistry then.
（Text 2）
W：Hi， I’ve only just arrived.
M：Oh， good.Now， here are the keys.Let’s go in.There are two apartments.The one for rent is on the right.Do come in.
W：Thank you.I like the carpet.The colour is nice， isn’t it？
M：Yes， and this apartment is in good condition.Here is your lounge.
W：Where would we eat？
M：There is this corner here， or you can use your kitchen.Come and see.
W：The kitchen is quite small.
M：Yes， but it has everything — cooker， fridge， even a dishwasher.
W：And there are lots of cupboards.
M：Let me show you the bedrooms.This is the smaller one.
W：It’s a good size， though.
M：Now come into the other bedroom.You can see the bathroom， too.
W：Yes.It is very nice， but I will have to ask my friend first.And we will come together.I understand it is $800 a month.
M：Yes， but a few blocks downtown would be much more expensive.
W：Well， thank you.I will be in touch.
（Text 3）
W：Good morning.Lake camping centre， can I help you？
M：Oh， yes.I’m interested in bringing a group of schoolchildren to your center this summer and I’d like some information.Could you tell me something about your center？
W：Certainly， sir.We’re a place where you can come and enjoy great fun.Whatever your goal is， our workers are on hand to help you.
M：I think we’d like to have an educational visit and some fun at the same time.I was thinking of some of our children who have failed exams and need to retake them next year.
W：I see.Well， we have teachers in different subjects at most levels and we offer sailing， volleyball， boating， and quite a few other sports.Most children have never tried horse-riding， so we offer courses in that too.It’s the most popular with children.
M：That sounds good.I’ll see if there is any interest and how many days could the children stay at your camping centre？
W：For one week.Groups always arrive on a Saturday evening and leave the following Sunday morning.
M：That would be fun.Now， about prices？
W：The cost would be 425 pounds per child and 480 pounds per adult.
M：Oh， okay.I’ll speak to my master and get back to you as soon as possible.
W：Good， I look forward to hearing from you.
（Text 4）
M：Good morning， everybody.Before we start the class today， I need to give you some information about our field trip on the 27th of May.As you know， we’re spending the day at The Science Museum in London.A coach will pick us up in the school car park.We’ll leave at 8 o’clock， so plan to be there at least fifteen minutes before that，7：45 at the latest.You’d better set your alarms for 6：30， okay？ If you’ve visited The Science Museum before， you’ll know that it’s enormous， and we can’t possibly see everything in one day.The Welcome Wing has three galleries which deal only with contemporary science.We’re going to have a guided tour of one of them.We’ve ordered lunch at the café， so we’ll all meet up there at 12：30.And don’t be late.We have to go to the cinema at 1：15.I think that’s all for now.Oh， one last thing.Check out The Science Museum website before we go.The more you read about it， the more interesting the visit will be.
话题表达实战
Scene One
1－5　DECBA
Scene Two
1.it can exist in the form of a solid
2.It occurred again every time I did it
3.Through this， we know that there are many things for us to learn
Part Ⅱ　Write about what makes a great scientist
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－4　CABC
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.（1）Newton is one of the most outstanding and gifted scientists.
（2）Newton was so devoted that he often forgot the little things in his daily life.
（3）So devoted was Newton that he often forgot the little things in his daily life.
2.（1）A servant cooked for Newton.
（2）He wanted to go out.
（3）He asked Newton to cook the eggs himself.
（4）When the servant came back，he found that not eggs but a pocket watch was being cooked in the pot.
3.（1）We should be knowledgeable.
（2）We should focus on what we are doing.
（3）Not only should we be knowledgeable， but we should also focus on what we are doing.
三、1.A servant who cooked for Newton wanted to go out， asking Newton to cook the eggs himself.
2.When the servant came back， what he found was that not eggs but a pocket watch was being cooked in the pot.
四、
　　Newton is one of the most outstanding and gifted scientists.So devoted was Newton that he often forgot the little things in his daily life.
Once， a servant who cooked for Newton wanted to go out， asking Newton to cook the eggs himself.However， when the servant came back，what he found was that not eggs but a pocket watch was being cooked in the pot.
From the story we can learn that to be an outstanding scientist，not only should we be knowledgeable， but we should also focus on what we are doing.
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①out　②in　③up　④broke down
2.①to defend　②in　③rushed to defend his son like an arrow； rushed in defence of his son like an arrow
3.①with； for； of　②take charge of/am in charge of； in the charge of me
4.①came down with　②came about　③When it comes to English learning
重点句型解构
1.①no place is more suitable for studying than　②is more warm-hearted than you　③have never seen a better movie
2.①Scared and frustrated　②Encouraged by my teacher’s words
3.①should not only raise money for them； Not only should we raise money for them　②Not only does the restaurant provide great food， but it also offers excellent service.
【教材词汇·练续写】
第一步
1.I was suspected of stealing
2.I was so frustrated that tears poured down my cheeks
3.take the blame for somebody else
4.trace the real thief to defend
5.With my friends assisting me
第二步
6.So frustrated was I that tears poured down my cheeks like a flood.
第三步
　　I was suspected of stealing the woman’s gold ring， which cast a cloud of gloom over my face. So frustrated was I that tears poured down my cheeks like a flood. Then I thought why I should take the blame for somebody else. So I tried my best to trace the real thief to defend my innocence. With my friends assisting me， I am greatly convinced that I will prove that I was wronged.
15 / 15(共153张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Using Language
1
Part Ⅰ　Talk about scientific experiences
目 录
2
Part Ⅱ　Write about what makes a great scientist
Part Ⅰ　Talk about scientific experiences
1
　　　　　　　　　　　听说课前清障　——排除疑难，胸有成竹
1. cast vt.投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷
2. shadow n.阴影；影子；背光处
3. rainbow n.彩虹
4. pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）
5. concrete n.混凝土
adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
6. plasma n.血浆
7. field trip （常指学生）野外考察，实地考察，户外教学
8. every colour of the rainbow五彩缤纷
9. sound like 听起来像
10. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected
thousands of times.他们有一个镜子大厅，在那里我可以看到自己
被反射了数千次。
11. They had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a
while， and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving
around on it.
他们做了一个实验，在实验中我们在蓝色屏幕上看了一会儿，然
后突然我们可以看到微小的亮光在屏幕上移动。
12. For some reason， our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue
screen， and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little
lights.
出于某种原因，当看到蓝色屏幕时，我们的眼睛会捉弄我们，我
们可以看到自己的血细胞像小灯一样四处移动。
　　　　　　　　　　　话题听力提能　——捕捉信息，精准判断
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中
所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你
将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟
的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第1段材料，回答第1、2题。
1. What does the woman regret？
A. Giving up her research.
B. Dropping out of college.
C. Changing her major.
2. What is the woman interested in studying now？
A. Ecology. B. Education. C. Chemistry.
听第2段材料，回答第3至5题。
3. Why does the woman meet the man？
A. To look at an apartment.
B. To deliver some furniture.
C. To have a meal together.
4. What does the woman like about the carpet？
A. Its colour. B. Its design. C. Its quality.
5. What does the man say about the kitchen？
A. It’s a good size.
B. It’s newly painted.
C. It’s adequately equipped.
听第3段材料，回答第6至8题。
6. What is the man doing？
A. Making a reply.
B. Getting some advice.
C. Asking for information.
7. What sport is the most popular at the camping center？
A. Horse-riding. B. Sailing. C. Boating.
8. When do groups always arrive at the camping center？
A. On Friday. B. On Saturday.
C. On Sunday.
听第4段材料，回答第9至12题。
9. Who is the speaker？
A. A guide. B. A teacher. C. A coach.
10. When will the students leave for the museum？
A. At 6：30. B. At 7：45. C. At 8：00.
11. What will the students do at 1：15？
A. See a film.
B. Meet at a café.
C. Visit a gallery.
12. Where can the students find more information？
A. From teachers.
B. From a website.
C. From a book.
听力材料：
A. Can it speak different languages？
B. It is even able to lead his way home.
C. You can talk to the robot or ask it questions.
D. There are more possibilities for our lives with them.
E. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
W：The biggest mistake I made， uh ... was leaving college in my last
year and not completing my education.So， I’m thinking of going back
to school.
M：School？ To study what？
W：Ecology.I’m interested in the relationship between humans and
nature.
M：Cool.Is it what you studied years ago？
W：No， I majored in chemistry then.
（Text 2）
W：Hi， I’ve only just arrived.
（Text 1）
M：Oh， good.Now， here are the keys.Let’s go in.There are two
apartments.The one for rent is on the right.Do come in.
W：Thank you.I like the carpet.The colour is nice， isn’t it？
M：Yes， and this apartment is in good condition.Here is your lounge.
W：Where would we eat？
M：There is this corner here， or you can use your kitchen.Come and
see.
W：The kitchen is quite small.
M：Yes， but it has everything — cooker， fridge， even a dishwasher.
W：And there are lots of cupboards.
M：Let me show you the bedrooms.This is the smaller one.
W：It’s a good size， though.
M：Now come into the other bedroom.You can see the bathroom， too.
W：Yes.It is very nice， but I will have to ask my friend first.And we
will come together.I understand it is $800 a month.
M：Yes， but a few blocks downtown would be much more expensive.
W：Well， thank you.I will be in touch.
（Text 3）
W：Good morning.Lake camping centre， can I help you？
M：Oh， yes.I’m interested in bringing a group of schoolchildren to
your center this summer and I’d like some information.Could you tell me
something about your center？
W：Certainly， sir.We’re a place where you can come and enjoy great
fun.Whatever your goal is， our workers are on hand to help you.
M：I think we’d like to have an educational visit and some fun at the
same time.I was thinking of some of our children who have failed exams
and need to retake them next year.
W：I see.Well， we have teachers in different subjects at most levels and
we offer sailing， volleyball， boating， and quite a few other
sports.Most children have never tried horse-riding， so we offer courses in
that too.It’s the most popular with children.
M：That sounds good.I’ll see if there is any interest and how many days
could the children stay at your camping centre？
W：For one week.Groups always arrive on a Saturday evening and leave
the following Sunday morning.
M：That would be fun.Now， about prices？
W：The cost would be 425 pounds per child and 480 pounds per adult.
M：Oh， okay.I’ll speak to my master and get back to you as soon as
possible.
W：Good， I look forward to hearing from you.
（Text 4）
M：Good morning， everybody.Before we start the class today， I need
to give you some information about our field trip on the 27th of May.As
you know， we’re spending the day at The Science Museum in
London.A coach will pick us up in the school car park.We’ll leave at 8
o’clock， so plan to be there at least fifteen minutes before that，7：45
at the latest.You’d better set your alarms for 6：30， okay？ If you’ve
visited The Science Museum before， you’ll know that it’s enormous，
and we can’t possibly see everything in one day.The Welcome Wing has
three galleries which deal only with contemporary science.We’re going
to have a guided tour of one of them.
We’ve ordered lunch at the café， so we’ll all meet up there at 12：
30.And don’t be late.We have to go to the cinema at 1：15.I think
that’s all for now.Oh， one last thing.Check out The Science Museum
website before we go.The more you read about it， the more interesting
the visit will be.
　　　　　　　　　　话题表达实战　——聚焦主题，定向突破
　　下面对话中两个人就社交机器人的功能展开了讨论。
　　阅读下面对话，根据语境选择最佳选项。
W：Jim， whether in the home or the workplace， social robots are going
to become a lot more common in the next few years.
M：That’s it.Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday
world in a more humanized way. 　1　
W：I couldn’t agree more.While household robots today do the normal
housework， social robots will be much more like companions than mere
tools.For example， these robots will be able to distinguish when someone
is happy or sad. 　2　
M：Just like the Jibo robot， arranged to ship later this year， is designed
to be a personalized assistant. 　3　 If necessary， you can even make
requests for it to perform different tasks.
W：Hmm.Can it remind my grandpa to take medicine？
M：Of course.Just a piece of cake. 　4　
W：Nice. 　5　
M：Yes.It can learn from communicating with others.That means， the
more interaction the robot has with humans， the more it learns.
答案：1－5　DECBA
　　班会上，同学们就参观科学博物馆时的体验进行了热
烈的讨论。
　　阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。
Wang Jian：It was amazing to experience such things in the museum.I
never think 1. （它能以固体的形式
存在）.
it can exist in the form of a solid　
Li Hong：I feel the same way.When I stood on the stage and touched the
pole， my hair stood on end soon.I tried several times.2.
（每次我这样做的时候，都会发生这样的
事）.
Hui Fang：Almost everything is fresh to us. 3.
（通过这一次，我们知道我
们还有许多东西要去学习）.
Li Daqing：I think we should often go to the museum.Only in this way
can we know how light is reflected， what the strange thing means and so
on.
It occurred
again every time I did it　
Through this， we know
that there are many things for us to learn　
　　　　　　　　　　　听力技巧点拨　——授之以渔，证之以例
如何解答推理判断类听力题
听力主要考查学生以下四个方面的能力：①获取事实性的具体信
息；②对所听内容做出简单推断；③理解说话者的意图、观点或态
度；④理解主旨要义。推理判断类听力题主要考查学生对文章中隐含
或深层含义的理解能力。它要求学生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推
断，包括学生对作者观点的理解、态度的判断，对修辞、语气、隐含
意思等的理解。
高考听力测试的推理判断题主要有以下几种类型，每种类型都有
相应的信息词，抓住信息词就能明确关系：①对人物关系的判断；②
对谈话场景、地点的判断；③对谈话人行为状态的推测；④对数字的
推理判断；⑤对谈话者态度的判断。
【典例】　What does the man think of the movie？
A. Wonderful. B. Average. C. Terrible.
【听力材料】
W：You went to the cinema last night？ What movie did you watch？
M：Hua Mulan.
W：What is it about？ Can you give me a simple introduction to its plot？
M：Sorry， I can’t.To be frank， I slept most of the time.
【分析】　此段对话中男士的最后一句话I slept most of the time说明这
部电影非常枯燥，以至于他大部分时间在睡觉。故答案为C。
Part Ⅱ　Write about what makes a great scientist
2
1. Qian Xuesen changed his major to aviation because 　　　　.
A. he was not interested in his former major
B. he could get a well-paid job in the future
C. he felt it his duty to help his homeland
D. the country asked him to do so
2. What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to the
passage？
A. His strong interest in art like music and drawing.
B. His research in the United States.
C. His friends’ encouragement.
D. His habit of reading a lot.
3. How long did Qian Xuesen stay in the United States？
A. About 15 years. B. About 20 years.
C. About 25 years. D. About 30 years.
4. How was Hawking’s own theory proved correct？
A. Fred Hoyle admitted the mistake himself.
B. He worked with others to prove it true.
C. He pointed out and corrected Fred Hoyle’s mistake in maths.
D. Hawking was the most famous scientist in physics at the moment.
Step 1　品教材课文
THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s
aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.Described by the authors of the Story
of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific
spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort，
achievement， and devotion， Qian was an extremely well-respected
man.
Born in Shanghai in 1911， Qian attended schools in Beijing and then
entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical
Engineering.[1]However， after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，
Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised
that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the
country.
[1]这是一个复合句。after引导时间状语从句；because引导原因
状语从句。
Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate
studies.Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s， Qian became a pioneer
in American jet and rocket technology.As a graduate assistant at the
California Institute of Technology during the 1930s， Qian helped conduct
important research into rocket propulsion， and in the 1940s， he and
several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory， now one of
NASA’s leading space-exploration centres.
After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the
US， Qian returned to China in 1955.He received a hero’s welcome
from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s
rocket science but also its space and missile programme.At that time，
China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped.No institute or
university in China offered rocket science as a major， and there were no
talents or experts in this field in China.Nevertheless， Qian did not let that
discourage him from taking on the challenge.When he was asked “Can
we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was a determined
“Why not？
We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.”
[2]Under Qian’s leadership， China developed the Dongfeng
missiles， followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.In
1970， China successfully launched its first man-made satellite， Dong
Fang Hong Ⅰ， from a Long March rocket.Because much of the
technology behind the Shenzhou spacecraft can also be traced back to
Qian’s research， Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s
aerospace”.
[2]这是一个简单句。过去分词短语followed by ...在句中
作状语。
Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable， especially in the
area of frontier science research.However， what might have made him
such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest
in other things， such as music and drawing.His deep appreciation for art
often gave him inspiration in his scientific research.
On 31 October 2009， the whole country was saddened by Qian’s
death， and people honoured and remembered him in different ways. 　　
A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT
Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in
physics.Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，
unable to move and using a computer to talk.[3]Since he came down with
a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles， his
world became one of abstract thought.
[3]这是一个复合句。since引导时间状语从句；which引导定
语从句。
Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to
walk， as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in
1964.In general， there were two main theories on the origin of the
universe.The first was the steady state theory， which holds that the
universe has no beginning or end.The other was the big bang theory，
which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space.The
biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle， a professor
at Cambridge.During the question and answer period after one of
Hoyle’s lectures， Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had
made a mistake in his maths.Once the maths was corrected， it showed
that the big bang theory — and not the steady state theory — was
true.Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by
astronomers with telescopes.A star was born.
So， what made Stephen Hawking a genius？ Besides being
brilliant， he was brave， though sometimes careless in what he said or
did.He was willing to say what others were afraid to say， and to dream of
what others were afraid to dream about.Furthermore， he was quite
determined.This had helped him as a scientist， and had helped him even
more in his fight against his disease.Above all， Hawking was willing to
admit his faults.This odd combination of characteristics had made him one
of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries. 　　
Step 2　析写作手法
该部分有两个阅读语篇，标题分别为THE FATHER OF
CHINA’S AEROSPACE和A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT，它们从
不同的角度简要叙述了科学家钱学森和史蒂芬·霍金的经历、重要贡
献、性格特点以及他们所具备的科学素养。
第一篇文章THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE，首先用
“否定词＋比较级”的句式结构介绍钱学森在科学界的地位，然后用
过去分词短语作状语及定语从句举例说明他具体的科学家的品质。
第二、三段使用了in 1911、in 1932、 in 1935、 Over the course of
the 1930s and 1940s、 during the 1930s、 in the 1940s等时间状语介绍了
钱学森在归国前的成就。
第四段介绍了钱学森回国后克服困难的经历。文中使用了poor、
undeveloped和No等词汇突出介绍了当时中国贫穷的现状，然后使用过
渡词Nevertheless转折到描写钱学森研发导弹的决心。
第五段介绍了钱学森在航天科技领域所做的开创性工作——
Dongfeng missiles、 the first generation of Long March rockets、 first
man-made satellite、 much of the technology behind the Shenzhou
spacecraft等等。因此钱学森赢得了“中国航天之父”的赞誉。
第六段介绍了钱学森广泛的爱好，以及这些爱好对他开展科学研
究的积极影响。
第七段介绍了钱学森的去世及其影响。
第二篇文章A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT，重点讲述了霍金早
期成名的经历，突出了他顽强地与疾病作斗争、敢于质疑、坚持梦
想、勇于承认错误等可贵品质。
第一段使用one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics介
绍了霍金在科学界的地位。
第二段介绍了霍金的早期成就。文章通过“大爆炸”战胜“稳恒
态理论”的过程来介绍霍金理论的正确。
第三段以特殊疑问句开头，告诉我们勇敢无畏、意志坚定和敢于
承认错误是霍金身上体现出来的科学家的品质。
总的说来，两篇文章具有以下特点：
1. 按照时间顺序展开，讲述人物经历；
2. 两个语篇都有效使用了一些衔接词语，如： however、
nevertheless、because、in general、 besides、 furthermore、 above
all等。
【参考译文】
中国航天之父
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大
了。钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他为一
位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且他热爱祖国、甘于奉
献、成就斐然。
钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，
学习铁道机械工程。不过，1932年淞沪抗战爆发后，钱学森意识到中
国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。
1935年，钱学森前往美国读研究生。二十世纪三四十年代，钱学
森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。二十世纪三十年代担
任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重
要研究工作。二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进
实验室，该实验室现已成为美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。
留学美国的最后几年，钱学森克服困难，于1955年回到中国。他
受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹
项目。那时候，中国还很贫穷，火箭科学尚不发达。中国没有一所学
院或大学开设火箭科学专业，而且没有该领域的人才或专家。然而，
钱学森并不气馁，而是接受挑战。有人问他：“我们中国人有可能制
造出导弹吗？”他的回答十分坚定：“有什么不能的，外国人能造出
来的，我们中国人同样能造得出来。”
在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制
出第一代“长征”系列火箭。1970年，中国使用“长征”火箭成功发
射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列飞船的大
部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为“中国航
天之父”。
　　钱学森博览群书，尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博。然
而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因
为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力时常
给科研工作带来灵感。
2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式纪念
他、缅怀他。
一个纯思维的世界
史蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。大多
数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子。
他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维
的世界。
霍金最早成名于1964年，当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大
学物理学研究生。总的来说，宇宙起源有两大理论：第一个是稳恒态
理论，认为宇宙无始无终；另一个是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空
中的一个点。稳恒态概念的最大拥护者是剑桥大学的弗雷德·霍伊尔教
授。在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问答环节站了起来，指出霍伊尔
教授计算有误。错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确
的。不久，天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙，验证了霍金对大爆炸理论的
研究。一位明星就此诞生。
那么，是什么使史蒂芬·霍金成为一名天才呢？除了才华横溢之
外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。他敢说别
人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他意志坚定。无论是作为
一位科学家，还是与病魔作斗争，这种品质对他都大有帮助。最重要
的是，霍金敢于承认错误。这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十
世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。
Step 3　背出彩佳句
一、开门见山，指出要介绍的科学家的历史地位
1. Born in 1911， he was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century.
生于1911年，他是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。
2. As we all know， he is one of the most famous medical scientists in the
21st century in China.
众所周知，他是中国21世纪最著名的医学科学家之一。
二、描写要介绍的科学家的重要事迹
1. He got an award in 1998 for having played an important role in
scientific research.因为在科学研究中发挥了重要作用，他在1998年
获奖。
2. He is such a learned/strong-willed person that we all admire/respect
him.
他是一个如此博学/意志坚强的人，我们都钦佩/尊敬他。
3. He devoted all his life to scientific research and his scientific findings
have benefited people all over the world.
他一生致力于科学研究，他的科学发现使全世界人民受益。
三、总结概括科学家的品质
1. His efforts in protecting people’s health and lives are worth
celebrating. Let’s salute him and give him the thumbs up！
他为保护人民健康和生命所做的努力值得庆贺。让我们向他致敬，
给他点赞！
2. Due to his great achievements and contributions， he was awarded
State Preeminent Science and Technology Award in 2005， which is
China’s top science award.
由于他的巨大成就和贡献，他于2005年被授予国家最高科学技术
奖，这是中国的最高科学奖。
　　牛顿是世界著名的科学家，关于他的故事有很多。请你根据他煮
鸡蛋的故事，以A Story of Newton为题写一篇短文，并据此发表一下
自己对科学精神的看法。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
一、合理布局，精心谋篇
二、遣词造句，规范得体
1. 使用gifted、 outstanding、 devoted、 forget、 so ...that ...及下列
汉语提示简要介绍著名科学家牛顿。
（1）牛顿是最杰出、最有天赋的科学家之一。

（2）牛顿是如此投入以至于他经常在日常生活中忘却小事。


Newton is one of the most outstanding and gifted scientists.　
　Newton was so devoted that he often forgot the little things in
his daily life.　
（3）用倒装句升级句（2）


　So devoted was Newton that he often forgot the little things in
his daily life.　
2. 根据下列汉语提示叙述牛顿煮鸡蛋的过程。
（1）一个仆人为牛顿做饭。

（2）他想要出去。

（3）他让牛顿自己煮鸡蛋。

A servant cooked for Newton.　
He wanted to go out.　
He asked Newton to cook the eggs himself.　
（4）当仆人回来时，他发现锅里正在煮的不是鸡蛋而是一个怀
表。


　When the servant came back，he found that not eggs but a
pocket watch was being cooked in the pot.　
3. 根据下列汉语提示完成句子。
（1）我们应该知识渊博。

（2）我们应该全神贯注于我们正在做的事情。

（3）用not only ...but also ...的倒装句合并句（1）和句（2）。


We should be knowledgeable.　
We should focus on what we are doing.　
　Not only should we be knowledgeable， but we should also
focus on what we are doing.　
三、恰当衔接，自然过渡
1. 用定语从句和动词-ing短语作状语合并第2题中的句（1）、句（2）
和句（3）。
2. 用what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句改写第2题中的句
（4）。


　A servant who cooked for Newton wanted to go out， asking Newton
to cook the eggs himself.　
　When the servant came back， what he found was that not eggs but a
pocket watch was being cooked in the pot.　
四、认真誊写，赏心悦目
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
Newton is one of the most outstanding and gifted scientists.So
devoted was Newton that he often forgot the little things in his daily life.
Once， a servant who cooked for Newton wanted to go out， asking
Newton to cook the eggs himself.However， when the servant came
back，what he found was that not eggs but a pocket watch was being
cooked in the pot.
From the story we can learn that to be an outstanding scientist，not
only should we be knowledgeable， but we should also focus on what we
are doing.
核心词汇集释
break out （战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发
【教材原句】　However， after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，
Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised
that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the
country.不过，1932年淞沪抗战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设
强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。
【用法】
break away from　脱离/挣脱……
break in　　插话；破门而入
break into　　破门而入
break up　　打碎；结束；（关系等）破裂
break down　　出故障；坏掉；失败；（身体等）垮掉；消除
【佳句】　Unluckily，a terrible quarrel broke out between my best
friend and me. 　（求助信）
不幸的是，我最好的朋友和我发生了激烈的争吵。
【练透】　用适当的介词或副词填空
①When the war broke ， the whole country was in a total mess.
②He broke rudely，“I am not to blame.” Then he stormed out
of the room in extreme anger.
③I am terribly sorry to hear that Tom and Mary have broken .
out　
in　
up　
【写美】　完成句子
④Learning that my partner ， I dashed to the hospital
without hesitation like an arrow.
得知我的搭档病倒了，我毫不犹豫地像箭一样冲向医院。
broke down　
defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解
【用法】
（1）defend ... from/against ...　　　　　　　保护……免受……
的伤害
defend oneself　　为自己辩护；自卫
defend one’s beliefs/interests/rights　　捍卫自己的信仰/利益/权利
（2）defence n.　　保卫；保护；辩护
in defence of　　保护；为……辩护
（3）defender n.　　防守队员，后卫；保护者，捍卫者
【佳句】　Mac jumped off the bike，seized the bike and threw it
to the wolf with all his strength to defend himself. 　（读后续写
之肢体动作描写）
Mac跳下自行车，把它抓起来，用尽全力把它扔向狼来自卫。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The Great Wall was originally built in the Western Zhou period
（defend） against the attack of the enemies.
②She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if
defence.
to
defend　
in　
【写美】　一句多译
③看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。　（读后续写之
肢体动作描写）
→Seeing the fierce snake， he
.（defend）
→Seeing the fierce snake， he
.（defence）
rushed to defend his son like an
arrow　
rushed in defence of his son like an
arrow　
in charge of主管；掌管；负责
【教材原句】　He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and
was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also
its space and missile programme.
他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导
弹项目。
【用法】
（1）in the charge of　由……负责；被……掌管
take charge of　　负责/看管（表动作）
free of charge　　免费
（2）charge （sb） for sth　　为……（向某人）收费/要价
charge sb with （doing） sth　　指控某人（做）某事
【佳句】　①As chairman of the Students’ Association， I was
appointed to be in charge of arranging all the activities during your stay in
Tianjin.
作为学生会主席，我被任命负责安排您在天津期间的所有活动。
②The company charged the man with neglecting his duty.公司指控那名
男子玩忽职守。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Tears of sadness and terror poured down the boy’s cheeks， because
he was charged stealing the woman’s gold ring.She charged
him much money the stolen ring.Luckily， a kind-hearted lawyer
offered to defend the boy free charge.
with　
for　
of　
【写美】　一句多译
②我负责学校广播站的英语节目“Talk and Talk”。
→I “Talk and Talk”， which is an
English program in our school radio station.
→“Talk and Talk” is ， which is an English
program in our school radio station.
take charge of/am in charge of　
in the charge of me　
come down with患（病）；染上（小病）
【教材原句】　Since he came down with a disease which caused him to
lose the use of most of his muscles， his world became one of abstract
thought.
他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界就变成了一个抽象思
维的世界。
come across　　　　　（偶然）遇见，碰见；被理解
come about　　发生（无被动形式）
come up　　走近；上来；被提及
come up with　　提出
when it comes to ...　　当谈到……
【用法】
【佳句】　①Learning that you come down with a terrible disease， we
are quite concerned about you.
得知你染上重病，我们非常担心你。
②She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
她想出了增加销售量的新主意。
【练透】　用come的相关短语填空
①The instant I knew that my partner a severe
illness，a wave of sadness and concern washed over me.
②I’ll never understand how it that you were an hour late
for such an important meeting.
【写美】　完成句子
③ ， I have the following practical
suggestions to share with you.
谈到英语学习，我有以下实用的建议与你们分享。
came down with　
came about　
When it comes to English learning　
重点句型解构
句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
【教材原句】　Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on
China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.也许再没有哪一位科学家
比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大的了。
【用法】
否定词＋比较级＝最高级，意为“没有……更……的了；没有
像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no、 not、 never、 nothing、
nobody、 hardly等。
【品悟】　①As far as I’m concerned， nothing is more important
than keeping healthy physically and mentally. 　（学校生活）
依我看来，没有什么比保持身心健康更重要的了。
②After months of hard work， it couldn’t have been better to go for an
outing to relax ourselves.
经过几个月的辛苦工作，出去郊游放松一下再好不过了。
【写美】　完成句子
①I am greatly convinced that
the group study room.
我深信没有一个地方比小组学习室更适合学习了。
②Nobody .I can’t thank you enough.
没有人比你更热心了。我真是太感谢你了。
③The Shawshank Redemption is really fantastic！ I
than it.
《肖申克的救赎》真是太棒了！我从来没有看过比它更好的电影。
no place is more suitable for studying
than　
is more warm-hearted than you　
have never seen a
better movie　
句型公式：过去分词（短语）作状语
【教材原句】　Born in Shanghai in 1911， Qian attended schools in
Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway
Mechanical Engineering.
钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习
铁道机械工程。
【用法】
（1）及物动词的过去分词（短语）作状语表示被动和完成的动作；
不及物动词的过去分词（短语）作状语表示主动和完成的动作。
（2）过去分词（短语）作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应
注意人称一致。
【品悟】　Influenced by Steve Jobs， he focuses on details and seeks
perfection in everything.
受史蒂夫·乔布斯的影响，他凡事注重细节，追求完美。
【写美】　完成句子
① ， Jane sat beside a tree and held her
shoulders in her arms tightly to make herself warm. 　（读后续写之情绪
描写）
简既害怕又沮丧，坐在一棵树旁，用双臂紧紧地抱住肩膀让自己
暖和点。
② ， I decided to give it a try.
在老师话语的鼓励下，我决定试一试。
Scared and frustrated　
Encouraged by my teacher’s words　
句型公式：not only ... but also ...不仅……而且……
【教材原句】　He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and
was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also
its space and missile programme.
他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导
弹项目。
【用法】
（1）not only ... but also ...用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着
重强调后者，意为“不仅……而且……”；其中also有时可以省略。
（2）not only ... but also ...连接两个句子，且not only位于句首
时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装。
（3）not only ... but also ...连接的两个成分作主语时，其谓语通常
与靠近的主语保持一致。
【品悟】　Not only should we show respect for the great scientists， but
we should also learn the scientific spirits from them.
我们不仅要尊重这些伟大的科学家，而且要学习他们的科学精神。
【写美】　一句多译/句型转换
①我们不仅应该为他们筹集资金，而且应该帮助他们重建家园。
→We ， but we should also help
them rebuild their homes.
→ ， but we should also help
them rebuild their homes.（倒装句）
②The restaurant not only provides great food， but it also offers excellent
service.
→
（倒装句）
should not only raise money for them　
Not only should we raise money for them　
Not only does the restaurant provide great food， but it also offers
excellent service.　
情
感
描
写 ①frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
②determined adj.下定决心的，坚定的
③willing adj.乐意的
动
作
描
写 ①suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任
②blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责
③decrease vt.& vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低
④cast vt.投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷
⑤pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）
⑥trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出
⑦defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解
⑧assist vt.帮助；协助
⑨break out （战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发
第一步：完成句子雏形现
1. the woman’s gold ring，which cast a
cloud of gloom over my face.
我被怀疑偷了这位女士的金戒指，这使我脸上蒙上了一层阴影。
2. like a flood.
我是如此懊恼以至于泪水像洪水一样顺着脸颊流下来。
3. I thought why I should .
我想我为什么要代人受过呢。
I was suspected of stealing　
I was so frustrated that tears poured down my cheeks　
take the blame for somebody else　
4. So I tried my best to my innocence.
因此我尽最大努力追踪真正的小偷以捍卫我的清白。
5. ，I am greatly convinced that I will
prove that I was wronged.
在朋友们的帮助下，我深信我会证明我是被冤枉的。
trace the real thief to defend　
With my friends assisting me　
第二步：句式升级造亮点
6. 用倒装句改写句2

So frustrated was I that tears poured down my cheeks like a flood.　
第三步：过渡衔接连成篇
　　





　　 　I was suspected of stealing the woman’s gold ring， which cast a
cloud of gloom over my face. So frustrated was I that tears poured down
my cheeks like a flood. Then I thought why I should take the blame for
somebody else. So I tried my best to trace the real thief to defend my
innocence. With my friends assisting me， I am greatly convinced that I
will prove that I was wronged.　
维度一：品句填词
1. Stephen Hawking was known as an （优秀的）
physicist.
2. A heavy rain suddenly （倾泻） down； as a result， the
sports meeting was put off.
3. On Friday night I had such a （生动的） dream that I can
still remember the terrible feeling.
outstanding　
poured　
vivid　
4. I strongly （怀疑） that he was lying to me
yesterday.
5. Look forward to your coming and （绝妙的）
performance.
6. If you always try to find f with others， it means that you have
gained another shortcoming.
7. A great many c measures have been taken by our government
to contain it.
8. It is acknowledged that reading lays a s foundation for further
learning.
suspect（ed）　
brilliant　
ault　
oncrete　
olid　
维度二：词形转换
1. Much to our joy， his health is getting （steady） better
with time going by.
2. Jenna got down to （make） sandwiches with her father
guiding her patiently.
3. In reality，the mechanic made a severe mistake，
（shift） nervously from one foot to another.
4. The new study’s （find） warn that the global warming
is becoming more and more serious.
steadily　
making　
shifting　
findings　
5. （initial）， it will do harm to our health and may cause
short-sightedness.
6. Stop the negative （think） and focus on solving those
problems.
7. I’m writing to apply for the job as an （assist） in your
travel agency.
8. No matter how （gift） you are， you alone cannot change
the world.
Initially　
thinking　
assistant　
gifted　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. Thanks her patience and efforts， she finally contacted the man
who was charge of the company.
2. I have never taken part in a （meaningful）
activity than this one.
3. Though he came down a severe disease， he was still
willing （help） over the course of the project.
4. It is true that tea houses in Hangzhou trace back the Southern
Song Dynasty.
to　
in　
more meaningful　
with　
to help　
to　
5. I feel greatly honoured to （负责） the activity to
be held in the school lecture hall next Saturday.
6. Once conflicts （爆发） in the future， you must tell
me as soon as possible.
7. （从远处看）， the island looked
like a cloud.
8. （受到人类活动的严重影
响）， many wild animals are in danger of extinction.
be in charge of　
break out　
Viewed/Seen from a distance　
Seriously affected by human activities　
维度四：课文语法填空
（一）
　　When Qian Xuesen was young， he realised China needed air force
1. （defend） the country， so he went to America to study
aviation. As a graduate 2. （assist） at the California
Institute of Technology， he helped conduct important research into rocket
propulsion. Finally， he became a pioneer in jet and rocket technology.
3. Qian Xuesen returned to China in 1955， he was put
4. charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also
its space and missile programme.
to defend　
assistant　
When　
in　
Under his leadership， China made 5. （outstand）
progress in rockets， missiles and man-made satellites. Because of this，
he earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”.
outstanding　
（二）
　　Stephen Hawking was a 6. （gift） scientist. Since he
came down 7. a disease causing him to lose the use of most of his
muscles， his world became one of abstract thought. There was a theory
on the origin of the universe explaining the universe 8.
（begin） at a single point in time and space. His own work on the big
bang theory was proven by astronomers with 9.
（telescope） and a new star was born. He was brilliant， brave and
determined. And he was willing to admit his faults. This odd
10. （combine） of characteristics had made him one of
the greatest thinkers of modern times.
gifted　
with　
began　
telescopes　
combination　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·武汉高二上学期期末考试）By now， you’ve probably
been warned that a robot is coming for your job.But rather than repeat the
warning， I’ve decided to throw down a challenge： man against
machine.
Start with the task we’re engaged in right now： communicating in
fluent language.We’re sharing abstract ideas through words that we
choose with an understanding of their difference and impact.
Here’s another inbuilt advantage we take for granted： as humans，
we are limited by design.We are bound in time： we die.We are bound in
space： we can’t be in more than one place at a time.
That means that when I speak to an audience， I am giving them
something special.It’s a custom-made， one-off， 100% robot-free
delivery， from today’s one-and-only Australian Chief Scientist.
Digital Alan seems to increase the appetite for human Alan， just as
Spotify can boost the demand for a musician’s live performances.
Thanks to technology， many goods and services are cheaper， better
and more accessible than ever before.We like our on-tap lectures and our
automated FitBit advice.
Online courses haven’t killed the bricks-and-mortar
university.FitBit hasn’t killed the personal trainer.On the contrary，
they’re all booming.
Here’s a third argument for the win.We humans have learned the
habit of civilisation.Let me illustrate this point by a story.
A few years ago， some researchers set out to investigate the way that
people interact with robots.They sent out a small robot to patrol （巡逻）
the local mall.That robot had a terrible time — and the villains of the story
were children.They kicked him， bullied him， smacked him in the head.
The point is not that the children were violent.The point is that the
adults were not.They controlled whatever primitive impulse （原始冲
动） they might have felt in childhood to smack something smaller and
weaker in the head.We call it civilisation.
Together， these points suggest to me that humanity has a powerful
competitive edge.We can coexist with our increasingly capable machines
and we can make space for the full breadth of human talents to flourish.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。随着人工智能的发展，机器及自动
化给我们带来了巨大的挑战。那么，人类未来的命运究竟如何呢？
本文对此进行了探讨。
本文是一篇议论文。随着人工智能的发展，机器及自动
化给我们带来了巨大的挑战。那么，人类未来的命运究竟如何呢？
本文对此进行了探讨。
1. What’s humans’ second advantage according to the author？
A. Our language ability.
B. Our unique existence.
C. Our super intelligence.
D. Our special personality.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三、四段可知，作者认为人类的第
二大优势在于每个人都是与众不同、独一无二和不可复制的。
2. What’s the author’s attitude towards Spotify and FitBit？
A. Negative. B. Doubtful.
C. Confused. D. Grateful.
解析：　观点态度题。根据第五至七段可知，作者认为，在每一
个领域，高科技、电子版和自动化不但没有消灭实体的人或事物，
反而促进了后者的发展。Spotify和FitBit是作者所列举的高科技的
代表事物。由此判断作者的态度是感激的。
3. Why does the author tell the story of a small robot？
A. To prove humans are well-educated.
B. To show children are naughty in nature.
C. To suggest machines will become violent.
D. To indicate machines aren’t that dangerous.
解析：　推理判断题。根据倒数第二、三段可知，作者讲这个故
事，表面是说明小孩的暴力倾向。其隐含的思想是：文明的人类会
控制暴力冲动，而那些不具有文明特征的机器则就不好说了。
4. What’s the author’s final conclusion about humans and machines？
A. We’ll live in harmony with each other.
B. Both sides would be losers in the fight.
C. Humans will completely defeat machines.
D. Machines will replace humans in many fields.
解析：　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，作者最终的结论是：
相比机器人，人类有明显的竞争优势，不过两者将会和谐共处。
B
（2024·山东六校高二下学期联考）Scientists have discovered the
world’s largest known field of sea grass.They did it using videos shot by
some unusual helpers： tiger sharks.The work should help protect the sea
grass， and also shows off a powerful way to explore the ocean.
Sea grasses are flowering plants that normally grow in shallow waters
near coasts.They grow in thick fields， known as meadows （草地）.Sea
grass meadows help clean the ocean’s water， and provide food and
shelter for many sea creatures.Importantly， sea grass meadows also help
in the fight against the climate crisis.That’s because they store huge
amounts of carbon — the harmful pollution that’s making global
warming worse.
But though they’re very important， scientists don’t have a good
idea of the size and number of the world’s sea grass meadows.The
meadows can be hard to spot and the ocean is so huge that it’s not simply
possible to study it all by diving.
So a team of scientists decided to have sharks help with the
research.Tiger sharks are huge， strong， and deadly.But they also live
underwater， are fast swimmers， and spend a lot of time in sea grass
meadows.
Between 2016 and 2020， a team of researchers attached cameras and
other trackers to the fins of seven tiger sharks.After catching the sharks，
the scientists worked quickly to attach the equipment， then let them go
again.
The cameras were designed to fall off after a few hours and float to
the surface.Tracking signals helped the scientists find the floating cameras
and collect the videos the sharks had taken.The scientists were left with
hours of videos taken as the sharks travelled for miles over the sea floor.
Putting all this information together， the scientists learned that the
meadow covers at least 25，500 square miles， and could be as large as
35，500 square miles.The discovery means that the world has roughly
40% more sea grass meadows than scientists previously
thought.However， much still remains to be done to protect them.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在鲨鱼的帮助下，科学家们发现了
世界上已知的最大的海草草地。
本文是一篇说明文。在鲨鱼的帮助下，科学家们发现了
世界上已知的最大的海草草地。
5. What’s the second paragraph mainly about？
A. How sea grass meadows grow.
B. Where sea grass meadows grow.
C. The benefits of sea grass meadows.
D. The problems of sea grass meadows.
解析：　段落大意题。根据第二段可知，本段主要说明了海草草
地的各种好处，包括净化海水、为海洋动物提供食物和栖息地，以
及对抗气候变化等。
6. When were the tiger sharks let go by the scientists？
A. After collecting the videos.
B. Before shooting the videos.
C. After finding the cameras.
D. Before attaching the trackers.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第五、六段可知，科学家的操作流程
为：捕捉鲨鱼、安装摄像头、放掉鲨鱼、鲨鱼协助拍摄、摄像头自
动脱落漂到水面、科学家收集摄像头。
7. What does the discovery mean to the scientists according to the last
paragraph？
A. A wake-up call.
B. An unexpected blow.
C. A promising future.
D. A pleasant surprise.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，科学家最后得到的结
果是：发现了比之前预估多出40%的海草草地！这自然是“意外的
惊喜”。
8. What would be the most suitable title for the text？
A. Sea Grass Meadows Are Fighting Global Warming
B. Sea Grass Meadows Do Good to Oceans and Sharks
C. Sharks Help Discover World’s Largest Sea Grass Meadow
D. Scientists Try to Research Sharks and Sea Grass Meadows
解析：　标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文主要告诉我们：在鲨
鱼的帮助下，科学家们发现了世界上已知的最大的海草草地。因此
C项最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　（2024·重庆高二下学期月考）Jade lives in Australia， a country
famous for kangaroos， but not for snow.Yet at 12， she 　9　 to ski at
the North Pole.
Despite the lack of authentic training space， Jade still built
her 　10　 at the gym.She ran with giant tyres attached to her waist
to 　11　 what it was like to 　12　 a sled across ice.By the age of 14，
Jade was 　13　.
The far north is not a blank carpet of soft snow， but Jade 　14　 the
tough conditions.Even though every part of her body was 　15　， she
never thought of giving up.In April 2021， Jade made 　16　，
becoming the youngest person to ski to the North Pole.
When talking about her 　17　， she stated that every human body
is 　18　， whether you are a man or a woman.But when the talk
was 　19　online， some Internet bullies （霸凌者） wrote
mean 　20　 like “Make me a sandwich”， to make her feel small.
To prove women’s place is far beyond the 　21　， Jade and her
team pushed on to the South Pole and made it.Holding a plate with a
sandwich， Jade 　22　 had her photo taken and posted online.She dared
the bullies，“I made you a sandwich.Now 　23　 37 days and 600km to
the South Pole， and you can eat it.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Jade在12岁时决定去北极滑雪，经过
两年的训练，她做好准备并且创造了历史，成为最年轻的滑雪到北
极的人。
本文是一篇记叙文。Jade在12岁时决定去北极滑雪，经过
两年的训练，她做好准备并且创造了历史，成为最年轻的滑雪到北
极的人。
9. A. managed B. decided
C. offered D. afforded
解析：　根据下文to ski at the North Pole可知，Jade决定去北
极滑雪。
10. A. career B. confidence
C. strength D. team
解析：　根据下文She ran with giant tyres attached to her waist to
可知，Jade锻炼的是自己的力量。
11. A. tell B. feel C. remember D. share
解析：　根据语境可知，她腰上系着巨大的轮胎，是为了感受
拉雪橇穿越冰面的感觉。
12. A. pull B. stretch C. push D. carry
解析：　参见上题解析。
13. A. mature B. determined
C. available D. ready
解析：　根据下文描述冰天雪地的环境可知，Jade已经准备好去
北极滑雪了。
14. A. braved B. improved
C. predicted D. identified
解析：　根据下文the tough conditions可知，虽然条件艰苦，但
是Jade还是去勇敢面对。
15. A. working B. refusing
C. bleeding D. aching
解析：　根据上文Even though every part of her body was以及上
一段中提到她腰上系轮胎以感受拉雪橇穿过冰面的感觉可推知，
Jade的身体遭受了艰苦锻炼，每个部位都在疼痛。
16. A. progress B. promises
C. history D. efforts
解析：　根据下文becoming the youngest person to ski to the North
Pole可知，Jade成为最年轻的滑雪到北极的人，创造了历史，这是
她的一次冒险。
17. A. hobby B. adventure
C. advantage D. award
解析：　参见上题解析。
18. A. complex B. beautiful
C. amazing D. valuable
解析：　Jade虽然在艰苦的条件中身体每个部位都在疼痛，但她
还是成功滑雪到了北极。由此可知，她意识到每个人的身体都是
惊人的，无论男女。
19. A. delivered B. posted
C. declared D. remarked
解析：　根据下文like “Make me a sandwich”可知，一些网络
霸凌者发布了“给我做个三明治”这样刻薄的评论。
20. A. comments B. suggestions
C. concerns D. greetings
解析：　参见上题解析。
21. A. gym B. field C. kitchen D. office
解析：　根据上文Make me a sandwich可知，这些霸凌者说“做
三明治”是想说女性应该待在厨房做饭，而Jade用自己的行动证
明了女性的位置不仅仅在厨房。
22. A. unwillingly B. casually
C. secretly D. proudly
解析：　根据上文Jade and her team pushed on to the South Pole
and made it可知，Jade和她的团队前往南极并成功了，因此此刻她
很自豪。
23. A. ski B. walk C. run D. cycle
解析：　根据第一段中的to ski at the North Pole可知，这里指滑
雪去南极。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请你以The Scientist I Admire Most为
题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1. 谁是你最钦佩的科学家；
2. 对其进行简要介绍；
3. 我们应该学习他（她）什么。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
The Scientist I Admire Most
Among numerous brilliant scientists who have changed the world， I
admire Thomas Edison most.
Born in America in 1847， Thomas Edison is one of the greatest
scientists in the history of mankind. During his lifetime， Edison invented
many devices in fields such as electric power generation， mass
communication， sound recording， and movies. Meanwhile， he
received 1，093 US patents in a variety of fields. Because of his great
contributions to humankind， he was ranked 9th among The 100 Most
Influential Figures in American History.
Thomas Edison once said，“Genius is one percent inspiration and
ninety-nine percent perspiration.” It was his hard work and perseverance
that led to his incredible achievements， which， in my opinion， we
should all learn from.
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
When I was young， I lived in a small village in Melaka.The spirit of
neighbourliness was very strong then.The village had a variety of trades to
serve the needs of the villagers.There was a barber， tailor， coffee shop
owner， grocer， and so on.All of us were quite poor but we got
by.However， one family which could be considered as living a marginal
existence was the Lim family living in the bicycle shop opposite our
dwelling.
Mr Lim， the bicycle mechanic， had a large brood of children —
twelve to be exact.My mother was a kind-hearted soul.Often， she would
remark that his children were dressed in ragged clothes and looked
malnourished （营养不良的）.My family was relatively better off in the
village.My parents would bring over whatever food we could spare to the
Lim family.
I remember one particular year when times were very hard.Even my
family had to make do with two meals a day.We stopped the practice of
giving food to Mr Lim.One day， I noticed my mother looking
troubled.She had learned that the Lim family had not been eating for the
past two days.She decided to sacrifice a portion of our meals to the family
despite the protests from my brothers that were too hungry.Fortunately，
the difficult time did not last long， and the children in our family resumed
our three meals a day again.
As time went on， the number of customers at Lim’s shop had
increased rapidly.Business at his shop took off like a rocket as Japanese
bikes were very useful and popular for transport.They were much better
off than before.
It was at this time that my father’s health was worsening.We were
confused by the mysterious illness he was suffering from.Because of lack
of attention to his provision shop （食品店）， the business became
worse.My father then sold our family car to pay off the mounting bills.My
brothers and I had to stop schooling because we could not afford the fees.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
They say that one good deed deserves another.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
With the help of Mr Lim， the situation in my family took a turn
for the better. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
They say that one good deed deserves another.Mr Lim， our
neighbour， came to learn of our situation and stepped in to help.He stated
simply that it was his turn to repay the kindness that my parents had shown
to him in the past.Through his connections， Mr Lim arranged for my
father to consult a famous doctor.Not only was this doctor’s diagnosis of
my father’s medical condition accurate， but he was also able to cure my
father.Besides， he arranged for a loan for my father’s business.He also
told my brothers and me that we should not give up our education.He then
arranged to finance our education as long as we needed it.
With the help of Mr Lim， the situation in my family took a turn for
the better.My father recovered from his illness gradually and his business
recovered the next year.My father is now the proud owner of the village
mini-market.Mr Lim has expanded his business， too.My brothers and I
are among the top students in the school.Whenever my parents met up
with Mr Lim， they would thank him for his past help.He would just
shrug off their thanks and say simply that he was merely repaying a
kindness.The children in both families have brotherly friendship now.The
story between the Lim family and my family has proved a saying that
kindness begets kindness.
谢谢观看！