Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
维度一：基础题型练
1. （dress） in a new dress， she looks very beautiful and elegant.
2. （satisfy） with the efforts that the students made， all the teachers nodded and smiled.
3.The student seated at the back of the classroom （bury） in novels while the teacher was giving a lesson.
4. （fill） with curiosity， the artist packed his bags and left.
5. （fascinate） by Peking Opera， you are sure to enjoy this exhibition.
6. （compare） with the past few years， the environment of this city is getting better.
7. （locate） in the northeast of Jiangxi Province， my hometown is a beautiful city with a long history.
8.I was so （frighten） and cried for help.
9. （accompany） by his parents， the blind boy stepped onto the stage proudly.
10. （encourage） by the speech， the young people made up their minds to accept the challenge.
11.There were many people waiting at the bus stop， and some of them looked very anxious and （disappoint）.
12. （frighten） by the terrible scene in the movie， the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom.
13. （bring） up in the countryside， he has some difficulties in adapting to city life.
14. （settle） in a peaceful way， everything returned to normal again.
15. （represent） our school， I am glad to tell you something about these activities.
维度二：语法与写作
1.Our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make Chinese knots，
.
我们班邀请了一位老工艺师来教我们如何制作中国结，旨在弘扬中国文化。
2.I am writing in reply to the notice for volunteers， .
我写这封信是为了回复招募志愿者的通知，希望我能有机会做一名导游。
3.Delighted and excited， we entered the track field， . （读后续写之心理描写）
我们既高兴又兴奋，跟着我们的领队进入了田径场。
4.After appreciating all the photos， you will of our city.
欣赏完所有的照片，你会对我们城市的巨大变化感到震惊。
5. ， I couldn’t wait to go outside with my camera.
我被美丽的景色所吸引，迫不及待地拿着相机跑了出去。
6. ， such a chance might never come again.
这样的机会一旦失去，可能永远不会再来了。
7. ， he was all wet.
他淋了一场大雨， 全身湿透了。
8. ， he has been writing his paper all day long.
他把自己锁在书房里，一整天都在写论文。
9. ， all of us will keep working hard.
受到你成功经历的激励，我们所有人都会继续努力。
10.Greatly ， I’m writing to inquire about the program.
因为对你们的暑期俱乐部极感兴趣，所以我正写信咨询相关情况。
维度三：语法与语篇
1. （attract） by the description of a beautiful city in the newspaper， Jack was 2. （determine） to do something for the surroundings of his own. First， he took up cycling 3. （save） resources. Then he called on people to save grains， because he found it hard to tolerate 4. （waste） in our daily lives. After that， 5. （guide） by an expert， he had his previous plan 6. （adjust） and tried to make a switch.7. （unite） with a group of people who had the same interest with him， he made an effort to handle the 8. （pollute） river. Though feeling 9. （frustrate） sometimes， he never gives up.10. （support） by many citizens， he is optimistic about the future of his city.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·沧州十校高二下学期月考）
Make a travel plan
Make a travel plan before hitting the road.It can be as rough or detailed as suits your trip， or your personality， but know the outline of where you want to go and what you want to see.If you are organising your own trip， start by checking how the professionals do it.Find out what travel agents and guidebooks recommend and then customize it to fit your needs.
Booking trips
Do your homework and get better deals.Always shop around and compare prices.Never assume some company is cheaper or better because it is bigger or more widely known.Search for booking tips that work for your circumstances.The more flexible you are with your dates， the better chance you have of getting the prices down.
Make a travel budget
Making a travel budget will save your money if you follow it.Keep track of what you are spending while travelling and make sure you do not exceed your overall budget.Follow your budget in principle， not too strictly， that will spoil your enjoyment.Make sure you’re well-prepared for unexpected fun things to do or see.
Keep a travel journal
Most people tend to forget things quickly， so keeping a travel journal is a good idea.You will enjoy reading it in the years to come.You can of course use pen and paper but modern technology can make keeping travel journal easier and more fun than ever.You can add photos and share your experience with your family and friends， or even with like-minded strangers.
1.What should we do to get better deals？
A.Do the shopping online.
B.Buy products from big shops.
C.Buy products from famous companies.
D.Compare prices between different shops.
2.What does the author advise us to do？
A.Avoid unexpected activities.
B.Follow a flexible travel budget.
C.Ask travel agents to make a plan.
D.Use pen and paper instead of iPads.
3.What’s the passage mainly about？
A.Some tips on travelling.
B.Some advantages of travelling.
C.How to enjoy your travel.
D.How to prepare for a travel.
B
（2024·南京高二下学期质检）Recently， fans of self-driving cars have gotten some good news， followed by bad news. Two self-driving taxi companies were given permission to expand their work in San Francisco. But a string of accidents have led to new concerns about how safe the cars actually are.
Cruise and Waymo are two companies that have been developing self-driving taxis， sometimes called “robotaxis （robot＋taxi）”. Both companies have been testing their cars in San Francisco for years. Until recently， the cars have had a human in the driver’s seat， ready to take over if there was a problem.
But the newest self-driving cars don’t have anyone in the driver’s seat. They are programmed to do everything on their own， including obeying the rules of the road， following speed limits， and avoiding people and other cars.
Until recently， the robotaxis could only drive in specific areas， at certain times. But in early August， Waymo and Cruise were given full permission to operate their robotaxis in San Francisco. The companies were allowed to run as many driverless cars as they wanted， 24 hours a day.
But almost immediately， there were problems. A Cruise car crashed into a fire truck， sending a person to the hospital. Later， a Cruise car stopped working in the middle of an intersection， causing a traffic jam. As a result， California told Cruise to take half of its robotaxis off the roads.
For many people， the problems with the self-driving taxis didn’t come as a surprise， who believe that self-driving cars just aren’t ready yet for the real world. The chief of San Francisco’s fire department says that since May 2022， there have been over 60 cases where robotaxis interfered with fire trucks. Robotaxis have also blocked city buses and other emergency vehicles.
In spite of the problems， both Waymo and Cruise are planning to expand their self-driving car service to other cities. Cruise has plans to bring their robotaxis to at least 15 cities. Waymo says its driverless system will soon be able to work “in any city， on any kind of vehicle”.
4.What’s special about the newest self-driving cars？
A.They offer free trips.
B.They obey traffic rules.
C.They have no human drivers.
D.They avoid people and other cars.
5.What do we learn about many people’s attitude to robotaxis according to Paragraph 6？
A.They were worried about the robotaxis’ future.
B.They had no full confidence in robotaxis’ safety.
C.They were surprised about the traffic accidents.
D.They were opposed to developing the robotaxis.
6.What will Waymo and Cruise do next？
A.They will stop charging passengers.
B.They will offer robotaxis in fewer cities.
C.They will suspend their self-driving car service.
D.They will continue to promote their robotaxis.
7.Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the text？
A.Robotaxis Move Forward， but Face Problems
B.Robotaxis Have Accidents， but Make Progress
C.Cruise and Waymo to Accept New Challenges
D.Cruise and Waymo to Develop Driverless Taxis
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·重庆高二下学期月考）When visiting a park， it is common to observe older individuals listening to audio （声音的） books instead of reading traditional books. Audio books have become quite popular these days. 8 Is listening to an audio book just as beneficial as reading a book？
9 Reading needs us to focus all our attention on the words in a book. We also need to find time and a specific place to sit down and read. However， audio books provide flexibility and allow individuals to engage in other activities while listening. And it gives your eyes a break， too.
But the big question is， do we get knowledge from audio books as effectively as we do from paper books？ 10 Volunteers in group one were asked to listen to an audio book while volunteers in group two read a book of the same content. Surprisingly， both groups recalled the same amount of information， whether they listened to it or read it.
Another study published in the Journal of Neuroscience further supported the result above. In the study， researchers scanned （扫描） people’s brains when they listened to and read books. 11
Some people still believe that they learn better from reading paper books. One reason might be that when we listen to audio books， we are often multitasking. If you’re trying to learn while doing two things， you’re not going to learn as well. 12 It is important to avoid it while listening to audio books to ensure best learning outcomes.
A.How do people obtain audio books？
B.You can listen to audio books anytime.
C.Multitasking can interrupt effective learning.
D.Researchers conduct an experiment to figure it out.
E.Why are more and more people choosing audio books？
F.One of the main advantages of audio books is convenience.
G.It reveals that both activities excite almost the same parts of the brain.
8. 9. 10.
11. 12.
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·泰安高二上学期期末考试）After students have been admitted to a university， there is a lot to plan for.Buying dorm supplies， booking plane tickets， and finally 13 your first-year roommates — all of these things and more kept me busy as I prepared for my study in Harvard.I was excited for what college had 14 for me， but what made me super excited about was 15 .
Raised in Florida， I was used to wearing shorts and sandals 16 all year long， and felt chilly once the weather 17 anywhere near 16℃.I had never needed a 18 or winter boots.However， in Cambridge， Massachusetts， where the temperatures can and do fall below freezing point， I would need all of the 19 clothing to make it through the winter.Hence， while I was excited to 20 different seasons， the idea of the cold made me 21 .Would I play with the glistening snow， or would I instead spend the winter 22 in the cold？
It turned out I was 23 .The Harvard administrations work to 24 students from low-income backgrounds to make college accessible.Particularly， money provided by the Harvard Winter Coat Fund （HWCF） made the additional 25 easier to shoulder.HWCF is 26 for all students from low-income families.I know I will always have the support I need.With it， I was able to cover the cost of my winter coat and boots， which continue to 27 me to this day.
13.A.contacting B.meeting
C.evaluating D.treating
14.A.in return B.in response
C.in common D.in store
15.A.seasons B.opportunities
C.scenery D.freedom
16.A.intentionally B.basically
C.appropriately D.specially
17.A.rose B.stayed
C.fell D.reached
18.A.scarf B.blanket
C.coat D.sweater
19.A.fancy B.comfortable
C.expensive D.warm
20.A.experience B.picture
C.distinguish D.admire
21.A.puzzled B.bored
C.worried D.disappointed
22.A.jogging B.shaking
C.wandering D.screaming
23.A.overjoyed B.overanxious
C.overactive D.overconfident
24.A.support B.educate
C.seek D.comfort
25.A.risks B.loans
C.responsibilities D.expenses
26.A.sufficient B.challenging
C.available D.unique
27.A.decorate B.protect
C.serve D.change
Ⅳ.语法填空
Do students in your country go 28 （direct） to university or college after school or do they have a break first？ Taking a gap year between school and university 29 （be） quite common in the UK， and there are lots of different ways 30 （spend） your time.
What is a gap year？ A gap year is a period of time when a student takes a break 31 formal education.It is often spent travelling or working.The trip was one of the best 32 （experience） for many students.
People used to think that 33 （take） a gap year was negative.In the past you took a gap year if you had to retake exams 34 had problems between finishing school and starting higher education and then starting a career.
But now， universities encourage a gap year， and employers are happy to give jobs to students 35 take a gap year.As a matter of fact， a year out between school or college， or between higher education and a job， can give young people useful learning experiences， help them pick up new skills and make them 36 （independent） than before.More importantly， travelling to different countries and experiencing different cultures can broaden one’s perspective， enhance cross-cultural understanding， and build 37 sense of global citizenship.
28. 29. 30.
31. 32. 33.
34. 35. 36.
37.
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.Dressed 2.Satisfied 3.was buried 4.Filled 5.Fascinated 6.Compared 7.Located 8.frightened 9.Accompanied 10.Encouraged 11.disappointed 12.Frightened
13.Brought 14.Settled 15.Representing
维度二
1.aimed at promoting the Chinese culture/aiming to promote the Chinese culture
2.hoping that I can/could have an opportunity to act as a guide
3.following our leader
4.be amazed at the great changes
5.Attracted by the beautiful scenery
6.Once lost
7.Caught in a heavy rain
8.Locked in his study
9.Inspired by your successful experience
10.interested in your summer club
维度三
1.Attracted 2.determined 3.to save 4.wasting
5.guided 6.adjusted 7.United 8.polluted 9.frustrated
10.Supported
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。旅游不但可以帮助我们开阔视野和增长见识，而且有助于我们的身心健康。文章就如何明智旅游和享受旅游提供了四条具体建议。
1.D 细节理解题。根据Booking trips部分可知，作者建议我们总是通过货比三家来保证买卖划算。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三部分Make a travel budget部分可知，作者建议我们要制定旅行预算，但不能太严格，要考虑到一些意外的开支。由此判断，我们制定旅行预算时要灵活。
3.A 主旨大意题。根据四个小标题可知，作者就如何明智旅游和享受旅游提供了四条具体建议。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。最近，美国两家无人驾驶出租车公司获准扩大在旧金山的业务，但一系列事故引发了人们对自动驾驶汽车实际安全性的新担忧。
4.C 细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，以前的无人驾驶出租车其实都配有一位司机以处理突发情况，而最新上路的robotaxis却是真正的无人驾驶。
5.B 推理判断题。根据第六段可知，一些交通事故发生后，很多民众对此没有感到吃惊，他们认为无人驾驶出租车上路的时机还不成熟。这说明他们对无人驾驶出租车的安全性还没有信心。
6.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，虽然发生了一些交通事故，但是Waymo和 Cruise这两家公司并没有因此气馁或改变原有战略，而是继续扩大和拓展其无人驾驶出租车的业务范围。
7.A 标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文主要讲述了美国旧金山放开了对无人驾驶出租车的很多限制政策，使得robotaxis可以在旧金山自由通行，但同时也发生了几起交通事故，引发了人们对无人驾驶出租车的新担忧，可谓有喜有忧。因此A项最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。有声读物如今变得非常流行。文章主要介绍了有声读物的优点。
8.E 上文指出有声读物如今变得非常流行，下文提出疑问——听有声读物是否有益。由此可推知，设空处应提问有声读物变得流行的原因，故E项符合语境。
9.F 下文指出有声读物的优点，即很方便，故F项（有声读物的主要优点之一是方便）能概括本段内容，符合语境。
10.D 下文提到了两个小组的志愿者及其研究结果，由此可知，研究人员进行了一项相关的实验，故D项符合语境。
11.G 上文指出在一项研究中，研究人员扫描了人们听书和读书时的大脑，设空处承接上文，应该介绍研究结果，故G项符合语境。
12.C 根据上文If you’re trying to learn while doing two things， you’re not going to learn as well.可知，多任务学习会影响学习效果，C项（多任务处理会干扰有效的学习）承接上文，对上文进行总结，符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。进入哈佛大学后，面对新学校、新的生活环境，特别是巨大的温度变化，作者开始很担心，后来在学校组织的帮助下得以购买所需的服装过冬。
13.B 根据上文语境可知，购置宿舍所需物品、订购机票等事件是按照时间顺序进行的，所以此处也应按照订完机票后的行为进行预测，即到学校并与舍友见面。
14.D 根据上文what college had可知，此处指大学将要发生的事情。
15.A 根据第二段中的different seasons可知，让作者兴奋的是季节。
16.B 根据上文Raised in Florida， I was used to wearing shorts and sandals可知，作者原先一年四季基本上穿的都是短袖、短裤和拖鞋。
17.C 根据上文中的条件状语连词once和它带来的结果felt chilly可知，此处应该表示气温下降至16℃左右的情况。
18.C 根据文章最后一句中的cover the cost of my winter coat可知，此处为原词复现。
19.D 根据下文clothing to make it through the winter可知，作者要准备一些暖和的衣物来帮助自己度过这个冬天。
20.A 根据下文different seasons可知，此处指体验不同的季节。
21.C 根据下文Would I play with the glistening snow， or would I instead spend the winter可知，作者对于能否承担起购买新衣物的能力很担心。
22.B 根据上下文语境可推知，作者担心自己可能因为没有合适的衣服而在冬天被冻得瑟瑟发抖。
23.B 根据下文语境可知，其实哈佛大学里有专门的机构可以提供支持和帮助，所以作者随后发现是自己过于焦虑了。
24.A 参见上题解析。
25.D 根据上文语境可知，购买冬衣的这些支出在作者的计划之外，所以对于作者而言是一笔额外的支出。
26.C 根据下文I know I will always have the support I need.以及本句中强调范围的all可知，这个基金会提供的援助覆盖面很广。be available for sb表示“对某人来说是可获得的”。
27.C 根据上文语境可知，基金会的服务和帮助使作者成功抵御了寒冷，度过了作者所不熟悉的冬天，并且这些东西直到今天也在为作者服务。serve sb表示“给某人提供服务”。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。西方国家的学生在高中或大学毕业之后通常会进行一次长期的旅行，为将来上大学或步入社会作准备，这被称为间隔年。
28.directly 考查词形转换。这里需要一个副词来修饰前面的动词go，故填directly。
29.is 考查主谓一致。本句主语为动词-ing短语Taking a gap year，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故填is。
30.to spend 考查非谓语动词。名词ways后跟动词不定式作后置定语，故填to spend。
31.from 考查介词。a break from表示“从……中获得休息”。
32.experiences 考查名词复数。one of后面需要接可数名词的复数形式，故填experiences。
33.taking/to take 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，这里需要主语，因此应用动词-ing形式或动词不定式形式。
34.or 考查连词。这里列举了两种可能的并列情况，故填并列连词or。
35.who/that 考查定语从句。这里需要一个关系代词来引导定语从句，由于先行词是students，故填who/that。
36.more independent 考查形容词的比较级。本空后面的than before暗示这里应用形容词的比较级形式。
37.a 考查冠词。根据语境可知，这里需要一个不定冠词来修饰名词sense。a sense of global citizenship表示“一种全球公民意识”。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
过去分词作表语和状语
1.They were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city.
2.Seen from the train window， the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.
3.However， they did not anticipate seeing such an open country， and were truly amazed.
4.Looking at the beautiful scenery， they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken.
5.For both of them， the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting.
【我的发现】
上面句子中，句1和句3为过去分词作 ；句2 为过去分词作 ；句4为动词-ing形式作 ；句5为动词-ing形式作 。
一、过去分词作表语
1.过去分词作表语的意义
位于系动词（如be、 get、 become、 look、 feel、 seem等）之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。
The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene.
她脸上害怕的表情表明她被这恐怖的场面吓着了。
We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.
我们对他在会上讲的话感到很惊讶。
2.过去分词与动词-ing形式作表语的区别
过去分词 表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的”
动词-ing 形式 表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”
They became so worried that they stayed awake all night.
他们变得如此担心，以至于一整晚都没睡觉。
The situation became so worrying that measures should be taken at once.
形势变得如此令人担忧，以至于应该立刻采取措施。
His words were discouraging， which made many people discouraged.
他的话令人泄气，这使很多人灰心丧气。
3.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
The cup is broken.杯子破了。（系表结构）
The cup was broken by Tom.
杯子是被汤姆打破的。（被动语态）
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①Talking with others about our pressure can make us feel （relax）.
②They think that it is a waste of time and we may get （injure） in the process.
③The audience were all to tears by the film.（move）
④I do believe you are certainly to be by the scenery of Mount Tai.（amaze）
⑤I am greatly （convince） that you will fall in love with paper-cutting， one of the traditional Chinese art forms.
二、过去分词作状语
1.过去分词作状语，表示被动或完成的动作
可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
（1）作时间状语
过去分词作时间状语时，相当于一个由when、 while、 after、 once等引导的时间状语从句。
Founded 10 years ago， Youth has been enjoying great popularity among students.
→Since it was founded 10 years ago， Youth has been enjoying great popularity among students.
自从十年前创刊以来，《青春》一直在学生中广受欢迎。
（2）作原因状语
过去分词作原因状语时，相当于一个由as、 since、 because等引导的原因状语从句。
Absorbed in painting， John didn’t notice evening approaching.
→Because John was absorbed in painting， he didn’t notice evening approaching.
由于约翰专心画画，他没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
（3）作条件状语
过去分词作条件状语时，相当于一个由if、 unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Given another ten minutes， I can also work out this problem.
→If I am given another ten minutes， I can also work out this problem.
如果再给我十分钟，我也能把这道题算出来。
（4）作让步状语
过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个由though、 although、 while以及even if/though等引导的让步状语从句。
Beaten by the opposite team， we didn’t lose heart but encouraged each other.
→Though we were beaten by the opposite team， we didn’t lose heart but encouraged each other.
虽然被对方队伍打败了，但我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励。
（5）作方式或伴随状语
过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，可以转换成一个并列句。
The old man got on the bus， supported by a girl.
→The old man got on the bus， and he was supported by a girl.
在一位姑娘的搀扶下，老人上了公共汽车。
名师点津
值得注意的是，有些过去分词（短语）因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词（短语）常见的有 lost （迷路）、 seated （坐）、 hidden （躲）、 lost/absorbed in （沉溺于）、 dressed in （穿着）、 tired of （厌烦）等。
Lost in thought， he didn’t hear the bell.
由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。
【即时演练2】 句型转换
①After they were discussed many times， the problems were settled at last.
→ ， the problems were settled at last.
②Given more attention， the trees could have grown better.
→ ， they could have grown better.
③Although she was left alone at home， Jenny didn’t feel afraid at all.
→ ， Jenny didn’t feel afraid at all.
④Surrounded by his students， the teacher went into the lab.
→The teacher and he went into the lab.
⑤Because they were deeply moved by the story， the children began to cry.
→ ， the children began to cry.
2.过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语的区别
过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；动词-ing形式与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。
巧学助记
分词作状语记忆口诀
分词作状语，主语是问题。
前后两动作，共用一主语。
主语找出后，再来判关系。
主动用动词-ing形式，被动用过去分词。
Seen from the top of the mountain， the scenery was really fascinating. （动宾关系）
从山顶看去，风景十分迷人。
Seeing the scenery from the top of the mountain， I was fascinated by the autumn colours. （主谓关系）
从山顶看风景，我被秋色迷住了。
Following the students， the headteacher entered the classroom. （主谓关系）
班主任跟着学生们进了教室。
Followed by the students， the headteacher entered the classroom. （动宾关系）
班主任进了教室，后面跟着学生们。
名师点津
分词作状语误区警示
无论是动词-ing形式还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。
If caught， the police will punish the thief.（×）
If caught， the thief will be punished by the police.（√）
If the thief is caught， the police will punish him/her.（√）
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空
① （face） with so many difficulties， I am determined to solve them with tremendous efforts.
② （face） so many difficulties， I am determined to solve them with tremendous efforts.
③ （use） for a long time， the book looks old.
④ （use） the book， I find it very useful.
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
表语 状语 状语 表语
即时演练1
①relaxed ②injured ③moved； moving ④amazed； amazing ⑤convinced
即时演练2
①Discussed many times ②If the trees had been given more attention ③Left alone at home ④was surrounded by his students ⑤Deeply moved by the story
即时演练3
①Faced ②Facing ③Used ④Using
4 / 4(共83张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
过去分词作表语和状语
1. They were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the
city.
2. Seen from the train window， the mountains and forests of Canada
looked massive.
3. However， they did not anticipate seeing such an open country， and
were truly amazed.
4. Looking at the beautiful scenery， they both agreed that it was the most
awesome journey they had ever taken.
5. For both of them， the thought of crossing the whole country by rail
was exciting.
【我的发现】
上面句子中，句1和句3为过去分词作 ；句2 为过去分词
作 ；句4为动词-ing形式作 ；句5为动词-ing形式
作 。
表语
状语
状语
表语
一、过去分词作表语
1. 过去分词作表语的意义
位于系动词（如be、 get、 become、 look、 feel、 seem等）之后，
多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。
The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by
the frightening scene.
她脸上害怕的表情表明她被这恐怖的场面吓着了。
We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.
我们对他在会上讲的话感到很惊讶。
2. 过去分词与动词-ing形式作表语的区别
过去分词 表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……
的”
动词-ing 形式 表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”
They became so worried that they stayed awake all night.
他们变得如此担心，以至于一整晚都没睡觉。
The situation became so worrying that measures should be taken at
once.
形势变得如此令人担忧，以至于应该立刻采取措施。
His words were discouraging， which made many people
discouraged.
他的话令人泄气，这使很多人灰心丧气。
3. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示
主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
The cup is broken.杯子破了。（系表结构）
The cup was broken by Tom.
杯子是被汤姆打破的。（被动语态）
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①Talking with others about our pressure can make us feel
（relax）.
②They think that it is a waste of time and we may get
（injure） in the process.
③The audience were all to tears by the film.
（move）
④I do believe you are certainly to be by the
scenery of Mount Tai.（amaze）
⑤I am greatly （convince） that you will fall in love with
paper-cutting， one of the traditional Chinese art forms.
relaxed
injured
moved
moving
amazed
amazing
convinced
二、过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词作状语，表示被动或完成的动作
可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
（1）作时间状语
过去分词作时间状语时，相当于一个由when、 while、
after、 once等引导的时间状语从句。
Founded 10 years ago， Youth has been enjoying great
popularity among students.
→Since it was founded 10 years ago， Youth has been enjoying
great popularity among students.
自从十年前创刊以来，《青春》一直在学生中广受欢迎。
（2）作原因状语
过去分词作原因状语时，相当于一个由as、 since、 because等
引导的原因状语从句。
Absorbed in painting， John didn’t notice evening
approaching.
→Because John was absorbed in painting， he didn’t notice
evening approaching.
由于约翰专心画画，他没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
（3）作条件状语
过去分词作条件状语时，相当于一个由if、 unless等引导的条
件状语从句。
Given another ten minutes， I can also work out this problem.
→If I am given another ten minutes， I can also work out this
problem.
如果再给我十分钟，我也能把这道题算出来。
（4）作让步状语
过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个由though、 although、
while以及even if/though等引导的让步状语从句。
Beaten by the opposite team， we didn’t lose heart but
encouraged each other.
→Though we were beaten by the opposite team， we didn’t
lose heart but encouraged each other.
虽然被对方队伍打败了，但我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励。
（5）作方式或伴随状语
过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，可以转换成一个并列句。
The old man got on the bus， supported by a girl.
→The old man got on the bus， and he was supported by a
girl.
在一位姑娘的搀扶下，老人上了公共汽车。
名师点津
值得注意的是，有些过去分词（短语）因来源于系表结构，作状语时
不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词（短语）常见的
有 lost （迷路）、 seated （坐）、 hidden （躲）、 lost/absorbed in
（沉溺于）、 dressed in （穿着）、 tired of （厌烦）等。
Lost in thought， he didn’t hear the bell.
由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。
【即时演练2】 句型转换
①After they were discussed many times， the problems were settled at
last.
→ ， the problems were settled at last.
②Given more attention， the trees could have grown better.
→ ， they could have grown
better.
③Although she was left alone at home， Jenny didn’t feel afraid at all.
→ ， Jenny didn’t feel afraid at all.
Discussed many times
If the trees had been given more attention
Left alone at home
④Surrounded by his students， the teacher went into the lab.
→The teacher and he went into the
lab.
⑤Because they were deeply moved by the story， the children began to
cry.
→ ， the children began to cry.
was surrounded by his students
Deeply moved by the story
2. 过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语的区别
过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被
动；动词-ing形式与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即
表示主动。
巧学助记
分词作状语记忆口诀
分词作状语，主语是问题。
前后两动作，共用一主语。
主语找出后，再来判关系。
主动用动词-ing形式，被动用过去分词。
Seen from the top of the mountain， the scenery was really fascinating.
（动宾关系）
从山顶看去，风景十分迷人。
Seeing the scenery from the top of the mountain， I was fascinated by the
autumn colours. （主谓关系）
从山顶看风景，我被秋色迷住了。
Following the students， the headteacher entered the classroom. （主谓
关系）
班主任跟着学生们进了教室。
Followed by the students， the headteacher entered the classroom. （动宾
关系）
班主任进了教室，后面跟着学生们。
名师点津
分词作状语误区警示
无论是动词-ing形式还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语
一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表
达形式。
If caught， the police will punish the thief. （×）
If caught， the thief will be punished by the police. （√）
If the thief is caught， the police will punish him/her. （√）
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空
① （face） with so many difficulties， I am determined to solve them with tremendous efforts.
② （face） so many difficulties，I am determined to solve them with tremendous efforts.
③ （use） for a long time， the book looks old.
④ （use） the book， I find it very useful.
Faced
Facing
Used
Using
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
2
维度一：基础题型练
1. （dress） in a new dress， she looks very beautiful and
elegant.
2. （satisfy） with the efforts that the students made， all
the teachers nodded and smiled.
3. The student seated at the back of the classroom
（bury） in novels while the teacher was giving a lesson.
Dressed
Satisfied
was buried
4. （fill） with curiosity， the artist packed his bags and left.
5. （fascinate） by Peking Opera， you are sure to enjoy
this exhibition.
6. （compare） with the past few years， the environment
of this city is getting better.
7. （locate） in the northeast of Jiangxi Province， my
hometown is a beautiful city with a long history.
8. I was so （frighten） and cried for help.
9. （accompany） by his parents， the blind boy
stepped onto the stage proudly.
Filled
Fascinated
Compared
Located
frightened
Accompanied
10. （encourage） by the speech， the young people
made up their minds to accept the challenge.
11. There were many people waiting at the bus stop， and some of them
looked very anxious and （disappoint）.
12. （frighten） by the terrible scene in the movie， the
little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom.
13. （bring） up in the countryside， he has some
difficulties in adapting to city life.
Encouraged
disappointed
Frightened
Brought
14. （settle） in a peaceful way， everything returned to
normal again.
15. （represent） our school， I am glad to tell you
something about these activities.
Settled
Representing
维度二：语法与写作
1. Our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make Chinese
knots，
.
我们班邀请了一位老工艺师来教我们如何制作中国结，旨在弘扬中
国文化。
2. I am writing in reply to the notice for volunteers，
.
我写这封信是为了回复招募志愿者的通知，希望我能有机会做一名
导游。
aimed at promoting the Chinese culture/aiming to promote
the Chinese culture
hoping that I
can/could have an opportunity to act as a guide
3. Delighted and excited， we entered the track field，
. （读后续写之心理描写）
我们既高兴又兴奋，跟着我们的领队进入了田径场。
4. After appreciating all the photos， you will
of our city.
欣赏完所有的照片，你会对我们城市的巨大变化感到震惊。
5. ， I couldn’t wait to go outside
with my camera.
我被美丽的景色所吸引，迫不及待地拿着相机跑了出去。
following our
leader
be amazed at the great
changes
Attracted by the beautiful scenery
6. ， such a chance might never come again.
这样的机会一旦失去，可能永远不会再来了。
7. ， he was all wet.
他淋了一场大雨， 全身湿透了。
8. ， he has been writing his paper all day long.
他把自己锁在书房里，一整天都在写论文。
9. ， all of us will keep
working hard.
受到你成功经历的激励，我们所有人都会继续努力。
Once lost
Caught in a heavy rain
Locked in his study
Inspired by your successful experience
10. Greatly ， I’m writing to inquire
about the program.
因为对你们的暑期俱乐部极感兴趣，所以我正写信咨询相关情
况。
interested in your summer club
维度三：语法与语篇
1. （attract） by the description of a beautiful city in
the newspaper， Jack was 2. （determine） to do
something for the surroundings of his own. First， he took up cycling
3. （save） resources. Then he called on people to save
grains， because he found it hard to tolerate 4. （waste） in
our daily lives. After that， 5. （guide） by an expert， he
had his previous plan 6. （adjust） and tried to make a
switch.7.
Attracted
determined
to save
wasting
guided
adjusted
（unite） with a group of people who had the same interest with
him， he made an effort to handle the 8. （pollute） river.
Though feeling 9. （frustrate） sometimes， he never gives
up.10. （support） by many citizens， he is optimistic
about the future of his city.
United
polluted
frustrated
Supported
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·沧州十校高二下学期月考）
Make a travel plan before hitting the road.It can be as rough or
detailed as suits your trip， or your personality， but know the outline of
where you want to go and what you want to see.If you are organising your
own trip， start by checking how the professionals do it.Find out what
travel agents and guidebooks recommend and then customize it to fit your
needs.
Make a travel plan
Booking trips
Do your homework and get better deals.Always shop around and
compare prices.Never assume some company is cheaper or better because
it is bigger or more widely known.Search for booking tips that work for
your circumstances.The more flexible you are with your dates， the better
chance you have of getting the prices down.
Make a travel budget
Making a travel budget will save your money if you follow it.Keep
track of what you are spending while travelling and make sure you do not
exceed your overall budget.Follow your budget in principle， not too
strictly， that will spoil your enjoyment.Make sure you’re well-prepared
for unexpected fun things to do or see.
Keep a travel journal
Most people tend to forget things quickly， so keeping a travel
journal is a good idea.You will enjoy reading it in the years to come.You
can of course use pen and paper but modern technology can make keeping
travel journal easier and more fun than ever.You can add photos and share
your experience with your family and friends， or even with like-minded
strangers.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。旅游不但可以帮助我们开阔视野和
增长见识，而且有助于我们的身心健康。文章就如何明智旅游和享
受旅游提供了四条具体建议。
本文是一篇应用文。旅游不但可以帮助我们开阔视野和
增长见识，而且有助于我们的身心健康。文章就如何明智旅游和享
受旅游提供了四条具体建议。
1. What should we do to get better deals？
A. Do the shopping online.
B. Buy products from big shops.
C. Buy products from famous companies.
D. Compare prices between different shops.
解析： 细节理解题。根据Booking trips部分可知，作者建议我
们总是通过货比三家来保证买卖划算。
2. What does the author advise us to do？
A. Avoid unexpected activities.
B. Follow a flexible travel budget.
C. Ask travel agents to make a plan.
D. Use pen and paper instead of iPads.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三部分Make a travel budget部分可
知，作者建议我们要制定旅行预算，但不能太严格，要考虑到一些
意外的开支。由此判断，我们制定旅行预算时要灵活。
3. What’s the passage mainly about？
A. Some tips on travelling.
B. Some advantages of travelling.
C. How to enjoy your travel.
D. How to prepare for a travel.
解析： 主旨大意题。根据四个小标题可知，作者就如何明智旅
游和享受旅游提供了四条具体建议。
B
（2024·南京高二下学期质检）Recently， fans of self-driving cars
have gotten some good news， followed by bad news. Two self-driving
taxi companies were given permission to expand their work in San
Francisco. But a string of accidents have led to new concerns about how
safe the cars actually are.
Cruise and Waymo are two companies that have been developing self-
driving taxis， sometimes called “robotaxis （robot＋taxi）”. Both
companies have been testing their cars in San Francisco for years. Until
recently， the cars have had a human in the driver’s seat， ready to take
over if there was a problem.
But the newest self-driving cars don’t have anyone in the driver’s
seat. They are programmed to do everything on their own， including
obeying the rules of the road， following speed limits， and avoiding
people and other cars.
Until recently， the robotaxis could only drive in specific areas， at
certain times. But in early August， Waymo and Cruise were given full
permission to operate their robotaxis in San Francisco. The companies
were allowed to run as many driverless cars as they wanted， 24 hours a
day.
But almost immediately， there were problems. A Cruise car crashed
into a fire truck， sending a person to the hospital. Later， a Cruise car
stopped working in the middle of an intersection， causing a traffic jam.
As a result， California told Cruise to take half of its robotaxis off the
roads.
For many people， the problems with the self-driving taxis didn’t
come as a surprise， who believe that self-driving cars just aren’t ready
yet for the real world. The chief of San Francisco’s fire department says
that since May 2022， there have been over 60 cases where robotaxis
interfered with fire trucks. Robotaxis have also blocked city buses and
other emergency vehicles.
In spite of the problems， both Waymo and Cruise are planning to
expand their self-driving car service to other cities. Cruise has plans to
bring their robotaxis to at least 15 cities. Waymo says its driverless system
will soon be able to work “in any city， on any kind of vehicle”.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。最近，美国两家无人驾驶出租车公
司获准扩大在旧金山的业务，但一系列事故引发了人们对自动驾驶
汽车实际安全性的新担忧。
本文是一篇说明文。最近，美国两家无人驾驶出租车公
司获准扩大在旧金山的业务，但一系列事故引发了人们对自动驾驶
汽车实际安全性的新担忧。
4. What’s special about the newest self-driving cars？
A. They offer free trips.
B. They obey traffic rules.
C. They have no human drivers.
D. They avoid people and other cars.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，以前的无人驾驶出
租车其实都配有一位司机以处理突发情况，而最新上路的robotaxis
却是真正的无人驾驶。
5. What do we learn about many people’s attitude to robotaxis according
to Paragraph 6？
A. They were worried about the robotaxis’ future.
B. They had no full confidence in robotaxis’ safety.
C. They were surprised about the traffic accidents.
D. They were opposed to developing the robotaxis.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段可知，一些交通事故发生后，
很多民众对此没有感到吃惊，他们认为无人驾驶出租车上路的时机
还不成熟。这说明他们对无人驾驶出租车的安全性还没有信心。
6. What will Waymo and Cruise do next？
A. They will stop charging passengers.
B. They will offer robotaxis in fewer cities.
C. They will suspend their self-driving car service.
D. They will continue to promote their robotaxis.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，虽然发生了一些交通
事故，但是Waymo和 Cruise这两家公司并没有因此气馁或改变原有
战略，而是继续扩大和拓展其无人驾驶出租车的业务范围。
7. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the text？
A. Robotaxis Move Forward， but Face Problems
B. Robotaxis Have Accidents， but Make Progress
C. Cruise and Waymo to Accept New Challenges
D. Cruise and Waymo to Develop Driverless Taxis
解析： 标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文主要讲述了美国旧
金山放开了对无人驾驶出租车的很多限制政策，使得robotaxis
可以在旧金山自由通行，但同时也发生了几起交通事故，引发
了人们对无人驾驶出租车的新担忧，可谓有喜有忧。因此A项最
适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·重庆高二下学期月考）When visiting a park， it is common
to observe older individuals listening to audio （声音的） books instead
of reading traditional books. Audio books have become quite popular these
days. 8 Is listening to an audio book just as beneficial as reading a
book？
9 Reading needs us to focus all our attention on the words in a
book. We also need to find time and a specific place to sit down and read.
However， audio books provide flexibility and allow individuals to engage
in other activities while listening. And it gives your eyes a break， too.
But the big question is， do we get knowledge from audio books as
effectively as we do from paper books？ 10 Volunteers in group one
were asked to listen to an audio book while volunteers in group two read a
book of the same content. Surprisingly， both groups recalled the same
amount of information， whether they listened to it or read it.
Another study published in the Journal of Neuroscience further
supported the result above. In the study， researchers scanned （扫描）
people’s brains when they listened to and read books. 11
Some people still believe that they learn better from reading paper
books. One reason might be that when we listen to audio books， we are
often multitasking. If you’re trying to learn while doing two things，
you’re not going to learn as well. 12 It is important to avoid it while
listening to audio books to ensure best learning outcomes.
A. How do people obtain audio books？
B. You can listen to audio books anytime.
C. Multitasking can interrupt effective learning.
D. Researchers conduct an experiment to figure it out.
E. Why are more and more people choosing audio books？
F. One of the main advantages of audio books is convenience.
G. It reveals that both activities excite almost the same parts of the brain.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。有声读物如今变得非常流行。文章
主要介绍了有声读物的优点。
本文是一篇说明文。有声读物如今变得非常流行。文章
主要介绍了有声读物的优点。
8. E 上文指出有声读物如今变得非常流行，下文提出疑问——听有
声读物是否有益。由此可推知，设空处应提问有声读物变得流行的原
因，故E项符合语境。
9. F 下文指出有声读物的优点，即很方便，故F项（有声读物的主要
优点之一是方便）能概括本段内容，符合语境。
10. D 下文提到了两个小组的志愿者及其研究结果，由此可知，研
究人员进行了一项相关的实验，故D项符合语境。
11. G 上文指出在一项研究中，研究人员扫描了人们听书和读书时
的大脑，设空处承接上文，应该介绍研究结果，故G项符合语境。
12. C 根据上文If you’re trying to learn while doing two things，
you’re not going to learn as well.可知，多任务学习会影响学习效果，
C项（多任务处理会干扰有效的学习）承接上文，对上文进行总结，
符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·泰安高二上学期期末考试）After students have been
admitted to a university， there is a lot to plan for.Buying dorm
supplies， booking plane tickets， and finally 13 your first-year
roommates — all of these things and more kept me busy as I prepared for
my study in Harvard.I was excited for what college had 14 for me，
but what made me super excited about was 15 .
Raised in Florida， I was used to wearing shorts and sandals 16
all year long， and felt chilly once the weather 17 anywhere near
16℃.I had never needed a 18 or winter boots.However， in
Cambridge， Massachusetts， where the temperatures can and do fall
below freezing point， I would need all of the 19 clothing to make it
through the winter.Hence， while I was excited to 20 different
seasons， the idea of the cold made me 21 .Would I play with the
glistening snow， or would I instead spend the winter 22 in the
cold？
It turned out I was 23 .The Harvard administrations work
to 24 students from low-income backgrounds to make college
accessible.Particularly， money provided by the Harvard Winter Coat
Fund （HWCF） made the additional 25 easier to shoulder.HWCF
is 26 for all students from low-income families.I know I will always
have the support I need.With it， I was able to cover the cost of my winter
coat and boots， which continue to 27 me to this day.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。进入哈佛大学后，面对新学校、新
的生活环境，特别是巨大的温度变化，作者开始很担心，后来在学
校组织的帮助下得以购买所需的服装过冬。
本文是一篇记叙文。进入哈佛大学后，面对新学校、新
的生活环境，特别是巨大的温度变化，作者开始很担心，后来在学
校组织的帮助下得以购买所需的服装过冬。
13. A. contacting B. meeting
C. evaluating D. treating
解析： 根据上文语境可知，购置宿舍所需物品、订购机票等
事件是按照时间顺序进行的，所以此处也应按照订完机票后的行
为进行预测，即到学校并与舍友见面。
14. A. in return B. in response
C. in common D. in store
解析： 根据上文what college had可知，此处指大学将要发生的
事情。
15. A. seasons B. opportunities
C. scenery D. freedom
解析： 根据第二段中的different seasons可知，让作者兴奋的是
季节。
16. A. intentionally B. basically
C. appropriately D. specially
解析： 根据上文Raised in Florida， I was used to wearing shorts
and sandals可知，作者原先一年四季基本上穿的都是短袖、短裤和
拖鞋。
17. A. rose B. stayed C. fell D. reached
解析： 根据上文中的条件状语连词once和它带来的结果felt
chilly可知，此处应该表示气温下降至16℃左右的情况。
18. A. scarf B. blanket
C. coat D. sweater
解析： 根据文章最后一句中的cover the cost of my winter coat可
知，此处为原词复现。
19. A. fancy B. comfortable
C. expensive D. warm
解析： 根据下文clothing to make it through the winter可知，作
者要准备一些暖和的衣物来帮助自己度过这个冬天。
20. A. experience B. picture
C. distinguish D. admire
解析： 根据下文different seasons可知，此处指体验不同的
季节。
21. A. puzzled B. bored
C. worried D. disappointed
解析： 根据下文Would I play with the glistening snow， or
would I instead spend the winter可知，作者对于能否承担起购买新
衣物的能力很担心。
22. A. jogging B. shaking
C. wandering D. screaming
解析： 根据上下文语境可推知，作者担心自己可能因为没有
合适的衣服而在冬天被冻得瑟瑟发抖。
23. A. overjoyed B. overanxious
C. overactive D. overconfident
解析： 根据下文语境可知，其实哈佛大学里有专门的机构可
以提供支持和帮助，所以作者随后发现是自己过于焦虑了。
24. A. support B. educate
C. seek D. comfort
解析： 参见上题解析。
25. A. risks B. loans
C. responsibilities D. expenses
解析： 根据上文语境可知，购买冬衣的这些支出在作者的计
划之外，所以对于作者而言是一笔额外的支出。
26. A. sufficient B. challenging
C. available D. unique
解析： 根据下文I know I will always have the support I need.以
及本句中强调范围的all可知，这个基金会提供的援助覆盖面很
广。be available for sb表示“对某人来说是可获得的”。
27. A. decorate B. protect
C. serve D. change
解析： 根据上文语境可知，基金会的服务和帮助使作者成功
抵御了寒冷，度过了作者所不熟悉的冬天，并且这些东西直到今
天也在为作者服务。serve sb表示“给某人提供服务”。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Do students in your country go 28 （direct） to university or
college after school or do they have a break first？ Taking a gap year
between school and university 29 （be） quite common in the UK，
and there are lots of different ways 30 （spend） your time.
What is a gap year？ A gap year is a period of time when a student
takes a break 31 formal education.It is often spent travelling or
working.The trip was one of the best 32 （experience） for many
students.
People used to think that 33 （take） a gap year was negative.In
the past you took a gap year if you had to retake exams 34 had
problems between finishing school and starting higher education and then
starting a career.
But now， universities encourage a gap year， and employers are
happy to give jobs to students 35 take a gap year.As a matter of
fact， a year out between school or college， or between higher education
and a job， can give young people useful learning experiences， help them
pick up new skills and make them 36 （independent） than
before.More importantly， travelling to different countries and
experiencing different cultures can broaden one’s perspective， enhance
cross-cultural understanding， and build 37 sense of global
citizenship.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。西方国家的学生在高中或大学毕业
之后通常会进行一次长期的旅行，为将来上大学或步入社会作准
备，这被称为间隔年。
本文是一篇说明文。西方国家的学生在高中或大学毕业
之后通常会进行一次长期的旅行，为将来上大学或步入社会作准
备，这被称为间隔年。
28. directly 考查词形转换。这里需要一个副词来修饰前面的动词
go，故填directly。
29. is 考查主谓一致。本句主语为动词-ing短语Taking a gap year，谓
语动词应用第三人称单数，故填is。
30. to spend 考查非谓语动词。名词ways后跟动词不定式作后置定
语，故填to spend。
31. from 考查介词。a break from表示“从……中获得休息”。
32. experiences 考查名词复数。one of后面需要接可数名词的复数形
式，故填experiences。
33. taking/to take 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，这里需要主语，
因此应用动词-ing形式或动词不定式形式。
34. or 考查连词。这里列举了两种可能的并列情况，故填并列连词
or。
35. who/that 考查定语从句。这里需要一个关系代词来引导定语从
句，由于先行词是students，故填who/that。
36. more independent 考查形容词的比较级。本空后面的than before
暗示这里应用形容词的比较级形式。
37. a 考查冠词。根据语境可知，这里需要一个不定冠词来修饰名词
sense。a sense of global citizenship表示“一种全球公民意识”。
谢谢观看！
