Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
维度一：基础题型练
1.That night， there were millions of people （watch） the opening ceremony live on TV.
2.The traffic police observed him （drive） at 90 miles per hour at that time yesterday.
3.The earthquake hit the area several days ago， （cause） many deaths.
4. （tell） many times how to do it， he still couldn’t understand， so I had to do it myself.
5.I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and （give） lessons to the lovely children.
6.Standing on the top of the mountain is an ancient tower （date） back to two hundred years ago.
7. （know） that you have trouble in choosing reference books， I am writing to give you some suggestions.
8. （spend） a few hours with our parents or grandparents helps develop a strong family bond.
9.Our teacher advises us not to spend too much time （surf） the Internet.
10.I would like to recommend Chinese medicine to you， （hope） it is of great help to you.
11.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog （follow） them.
12.I saw a poster （call） on students to join in the “Earth Day” activity on our campus.
13.What worries me most is her （stay） up too late every night.
14.The flying bird is lucky enough to escape （catch） by the hidden nets the farmers spread over the fields.
15.The boy （scold） by the teacher lowered his head， tears of sadness streaming down his cheeks.
维度二：语法与写作
1.As for your last letter ， I’d like to share with you how I’m getting along.
关于你上封信问及我的学习和生活（问题），我想和你分享一下我的情况。
2.I spent a whole year until I thought I was fully prepared.
我花了整整一年的时间仔细复习了所有科目，直到我认为我已经完全准备好了。
3. ，English is becoming more and more important.
随着世界变成地球村，英语变得越来越重要。
4. means that we can see the world through a new window.
掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新的窗口看世界。
5.As an international language，English acts as a bridge .
当今，英语作为一门国际语言，是连接各国的桥梁。
6. ， I’m more than pleased to give you some advice.
得知你将去北京，我很高兴给你一些建议。
维度三：语法与语篇
The British have many traditions but there is nothing more typical than 1. （take） afternoon tea.We know the British have a love affair with 2. （drink） tea， with more than 160 million cups drunk every day， but it was the invention of afternoon tea that turned tea-drinking into a popular pastime.
This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea comfortably while 3. （eat） nice sandwiches， scones with jam and cream and a selection of small cakes.And， of course， it can only happen in the afternoon！Afternoon tea， 4. （date） back to the 1840s， was designed as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner.It went on to become a fashionable social occasion for the upper classes.
Now there is a resurgence （复苏） in its popularity in the UK and it is available to anyone who can afford it.Though it can be enjoyed at home， the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel or café.But if you’re thinking of 5. （visit） such a place to enjoy a plate of sweet and tasty treats with a steaming hot brew， remember the rules you must follow to avoid 6. （ask） to leave.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·临沂高二上学期期末考试）Near Mount Everest’s peak， the climbers faced a choice： head for the summit， like others had done， or stop to save the injured man.
Daniel Mazur had spent seven hours climbing up the mountain through ice and snow， and now he sensed that success was near.He and his companions were less than three hours away from the spectacular 29，035-foot summit.
As the men looked out on the snow-covered peaks below， Mazur suddenly saw a flash of bright yellow to his left.On the edge of a cliff was a man sitting cross-legged.Without an oxygen mask， sleeping bag， food or water， there was no reason for him to be alive at 28，000 feet， and he seemed to know it.He looked up at Mazur.
Almost any experienced climber who’s been to Mount Everest knows somebody who didn’t make it back.“There are times when you literally have to step over somebody’s body to get to the top，” says Mazur.
Near the peak on that clear May morning — a mountaineer’s dream， Mazur describes — he and his team members quietly realised they had a choice to make： Should they phone in the man’s situation to his group and continue on？ Or stay with him， until help arrived？
In the end， Mazur knew， there was only one possible decision to be made.“Luckily，” he says， “everyone made the right one.”
They got the man away from the cliff’s edge and helped him back into his snowsuit.With the injured climber secured， Mazur radioed down to high base camp.It was almost noon when a dozen Sherpas finally arrived to help take the man down the mountain.
The man’s name is Lincoln Hall.Hall knows he’s a lucky man， that he could very well have become the 12th person to die on Everest this year — the deadliest season since the 1996 tragedy.Although his rescue is incredible， it has sparked a debate about climbers who leave behind the sick and injured in pursuit of Everest’s grand prize.
1.How long would it take Daniel Mazur to reach Everest’s peak？
A.Three hours. B.Seven hours.
C.Ten hours. D.Thirteen hours.
2.Daniel Mazur found the man .
A.at the very halfway point
B.on the top of the mountain
C.when he was climbing down
D.when he nearly reached the top
3.What does the underlined part “the right one” in Paragraph 6 refer to？
A.To make a phone call.
B.To help save the man.
C.To realise their dream.
D.To continue the journey.
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A.12 people died on Everest in 1996.
B.11 people died on Everest this year.
C.The public doubt Lincoln Hall’s story.
D.Rescue stories are common on Everest.
B
（2024·邯郸十校高二下学期联考）How might a small act of kindness influence your mood later today， tonight or throughout this week？ An analysis released Tuesday from scientists behind a research initiative called the BIG JOY Project finds that people who commit daily “micro-acts” of joy experience about a 25% increase in emotional well-being over the course of a week.
“We’re really excited，” says Emiliana Simon-Thomas， a BIG JOY Project leader. “There are statistically significant， measurable changes （including） greater well-being， better coping， less stress， more satisfaction with relationships.”
The BIG JOY Project is a collaboration between UC Berkeley’s Greater Good Science Center and other research institutions. So far the researchers have preliminary results from over 70，000 participants in more than 200 countries. Overall， the new analysis shows micro-acts led to increased feelings of hope， optimism， as well as moments of fun or silliness.
This project did not begin as a typical research study， but rather a “citizen-science” project which is still open to anyone who wants to participate. Here’s how it works. Participants take an online survey to answer questions about their feelings， stress， and their social tendencies. Then， every day for seven consecutive days， they agree to try small， happiness-boosting activities.
The recommended micro-acts include making a gratitude list or journal， or engaging in acts of kindness such as visiting a sick neighbour or doing a nice gesture for a friend — or a stranger. Some micro-acts involve celebrating another person’s joy， or engaging in self-reflection， or taking the time to identify the silver lining in a bad situation.
Each day， people answer questions about what they did and how they felt afterwards. At the end of the week， they take another survey to judge how their emotions and sense of well-being have changed.
“Rather than thinking of joy as something that happens to you， it may make sense to think of it as a skill that you can get better at through practice，” says Simon-Thomas. “If you want to stay physically fit， you have to keep exercising，” Simon-Thomas says， “and the same likely goes for well-being.”
5.Why were the researchers very excited？
A.They made a new scientific discovery.
B.They saw positive effects of micro-acts.
C.The Big Joy Project had been successful.
D.People participated in the project actively.
6.What can we learn about the BIG JOY Project？
A.It opens to the general public.
B.It’s based on scientific theories.
C.It focuses on people’s physical health.
D.It’s carried out in research institutions.
7.What are the participants required to do in the project？
A.Record their daily activities.
B.Research their mental states.
C.Report their emotional changes.
D.Engage in some volunteer work.
8.What does Simon-Thomas advise us to do in the last paragraph？
A.Change our lives for the better.
B.Accept whatever happens to us.
C.Take exercise on a regular basis.
D.Take action to create joy actively.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·六盘水高二下学期质检）People who are your age， like your classmates， are called peers （同龄人）. When they try to influence how you act， to get you to do something， it’s called peer pressure. 9
Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked， to fit in， or because they worry that other kids might make fun of them if they don’t go along with the group. 10 The idea that “everyone’s doing it” can influence some kids to leave their better judgment， or their common sense， behind.
It is tough to be the only one who says “no” to peer pressure， but you can do it. Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong can help you know the right thing to do.
It can really help to have at least one other peer， or friend， who is willing to say “no”， too. 11 It’s great to have friends with values similar to yours who will support you.
Your parents may advise you to “choose your friends wisely”. Peer pressure is a big reason why they say this. If you choose friends who don’t use drugs， cut class， smoke cigarettes， or lie to their parents， then you probably won’t do these things either， even if other kids do. 12 It can be powerful for one kid to join another by simply saying， “I’m with you — let’s go.”
Even if you’re faced with peer pressure while you’re alone， there are still things you can do. You can simply stay away from peers who pressure you to do stuff you know is wrong. 13 Better yet， find other friends and classmates to pal around with.
A.Just believe in yourself.
B.You can tell them “no” and walk away.
C.Peer pressure is not always a bad thing.
D.This makes it much easier to resist peer pressure.
E.It’s something everyone has to deal with — even adults.
F.Others go along because they are curious to try something new.
G.Try to help a friend who is having trouble resisting peer pressure.
9. 10. 11.
12. 13.
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·无锡高二上学期期末考试）In the seventh grade when my mother suggested that I should join the golf team， I thought she had lost her mind.But as usual， my mother 14 in the end.I played on the middle-school golf team in the seventh and eighth grade.The summer before high school came， I was 15 to join the high school team.
That summer I 16 almost every Sunday morning on the golf course with my 17 ， and too many afternoons with my mother.This 18 relationship with my parents 19 during my high school years. 20 you’re walking down the freshly mowed fairway （修剪的平坦球道）， looking out across miles of nothing but golf course， and looking up at the beautiful blue sky， you will realise what is 21 in life.My mom and I 22 many things in the middle of a round of golf that we would never do at 23 ， where she is Mom and I am an annoying teenager.On the golf course， we’re just two people who 24 golf.
During the past years golfing has become a part of my 25 .My friends know in the summer the place to find me is on the golf course.There is 26 I love more than a perfect autumn morning， riding around in a golf cart （球车） with my dad.Golf has 27 me and made me into the person I am today.And I have to 28 that all of it is thanks to my mom who made me join that middle-school golf team.In fact， she was right.
14.A.stopped B.replied
C.recovered D.won
15.A.serious B.careful
C.anxious D.afraid
16.A.wasted B.spent
C.counted D.missed
17.A.father B.friend
C.sister D.classmate
18.A.funny B.unhappy
C.close D.poor
19.A.changed B.started
C.failed D.continued
20.A.Though B.When
C.Because D.Unless
21.A.difficult B.common
C.convenient D.important
22.A.talk about B.give up
C.look for D.take down
23.A.school B.home
C.work D.play
24.A.discover B.trust
C.love D.watch
25.A.way B.story
C.job D.life
26.A.nothing B.something
C.anything D.everything
27.A.saved B.shaped
C.protected D.persuaded
28.A.admit B.explain
C.consider D.prove
Ⅳ.语法填空
Nobody knows when they might be faced with a serious emergency of almost any kind.Most of us take it for granted that 29 （accident） will happen and that we need to be ready for them.I guess we just assume that a professional 30 （get） there and take care of the problem.Few of us even think this far ahead.Actually， knowing first aid will make 31 difference between life and death.
The first thing 32 （teach） teenagers about first aid is that they should always call 911 when they are in a major emergency situation.This is the first step after they have taken a look at the situation and seen that there is a serious problem. 33 they are alone and in a place far from good medical attention， they will need to know how to help their friends 34 （they）.
One of the things to emphasize with teenagers 35 （be） keeping their cool.Sometimes teenagers lose their cool easily in a tough situation.They often like to play tough and show their 36 （brave） but when it comes down to it they don’t always know 37 to do in a real emergency situation.Tell them that they will need to remain calm and think things through.Make sure that teenagers don’t leave without 38 （contact） adults.
29. 30. 31.
32. 33. 34.
35. 36. 37.
38.
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.watching 2.driving 3.causing 4.Having been told
5.giving 6.dating 7.Knowing/Having known
8.Spending 9.surfing 10.hoping 11.following
12.calling 13.staying 14.being caught 15.being scolded
维度二
1.asking about my study and life
2.going over all the subjects carefully
3.With the world becoming a global village
4.Mastering English
5.linking all countries together nowadays
6.Knowing/Having known that you’re going to Beijing
维度三
1.taking 2.drinking 3.eating 4.dating 5.visiting
6.being asked
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。即将登上珠穆朗玛峰的Daniel Mazur一行人遇到一名奄奄一息的登山者，他们会作出怎样的选择呢？
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Daniel Mazur一行人已经攀登了7个小时，还差不到3个小时就能登上珠穆朗玛峰。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，当Daniel Mazur一行人发现那名奄奄一息的登山者时，他们已经离山顶不远了。
3.B 词义猜测题。根据第五段可知，Daniel Mazur一行人面临两种选择：继续前行或留下来救助那名登山者；根据下文可知，他们选择了后者。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，如果Lincoln Hall没有被救，那么他将成为今年死在珠峰上的第12名登山者。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，每天从事一些快乐的“微行动”的人，在一周的时间里，情绪幸福感会增加25%左右。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知， 研究人员之所以非常兴奋，是因为他们看到了“微行动”所带来的各种积极影响。这些积极影响包括：更幸福、更好的应对能力、更少的压力、对人际关系更高的满意度等。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第三、四段可知，The BIG JOY Project这项研究是面向大众的，任何人都可以参加；它是在网上进行的，而非实验室和科研机构；另外，它所关注的不是身体状况，而是情感状况。
7.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Participants take an online survey to answer questions about their feelings， stress， and their social tendencies.和第六段中的judge how their emotions and sense of well-being have changed可知，被研究对象需要告知研究人员他们每天从事完“微行动”后的情感变化。
8.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为，要想身体健康，我们就必须每天进行锻炼；作者接着指出，要想获得快乐，也是同样的道理。也就是说，我们必须每天积极从事一些能给自己带来快乐的事，而不是被动地等待快乐降临。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。peer pressure指来自同龄人的压力。这种压力有时候是积极的，但更多的时候是消极的。
9.E 上句引出本文的话题——peer pressure，接下来应该是对它的进一步补充说明，因此E项符合语境。
10.F 上文指出一些孩子屈服于同龄人压力的原因是渴望被接纳、被喜欢，接下来应该说“另一些孩子”，因此F项符合语境。
11.D 上文指出有人站出来跟你一起说“不”很重要。D项进一步说明了这样做的好处是更容易应对同龄人压力。
12.G 下文指出在应对同龄人压力时获得朋友帮助的重要性，G项符合语境，是对这一建议的进一步解释。
13.B 上文建议我们远离消极朋友，B项符合语境，是对此建议的进一步具体说明。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参加中学高尔夫球队的经历和感悟。
14.D 根据上文语境可知，作者的母亲建议作者加入高尔夫球队，下文说明作者加入了高尔夫球队。由此推断，母亲最终取得了胜利。
15.C 根据下文中的almost every Sunday morning on the golf course可知，作者此时渴望加入高中的高尔夫球队。
16.B 根据语境可知，作者花费时间学习高尔夫球。
17.A 根据下文too many afternoons with my mother和relationship with my parents可推断，作者上午由父亲陪同一起去高尔夫球场。
18.C 根据上文语境可知，作者经常和父母在一起，因此他与父母的关系应该非常亲密。
19.D 根据上文可知，上了高中作者也想要继续打高尔夫球，因此与父母的关系应该是一直在延续。
20.B 根据语境可知，此处为when引导的时间状语从句。
21.D 根据上文looking out across miles of nothing but golf course， and looking up at the beautiful blue sky可推知，作者内心平静，认识到生命中什么是重要的。
22.A 根据空后的many things in the middle of a round of golf可知，作者和妈妈应该是谈论了很多事情。
23.B 根据语境可知，在高尔夫球场，作者和妈妈谈论了很多他们在家里从不谈论的话题。
24.C 根据上文语境可知，作者和妈妈经常谈论高尔夫球的话题，因此两人都爱上了高尔夫球。
25.D 根据下文My friends know in the summer the place to find me is on the golf course.可知，高尔夫球已经成为作者生活的一部分。
26.A 根据上下文语境可知，作者非常喜欢打高尔夫球。由此推断，作者认为没有什么事情可以超越他对于与父亲一起乘坐高尔夫球车转一转的热爱。
27.B 根据下文的made me into the person I am today可知，打高尔夫球塑造了作者。
28.A 根据下文的thanks to my mom可知，作者承认这是母亲的功劳，多亏母亲让他参加了中学高尔夫球队。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在我们的日常生活中，各种意外在所难免，因此，学会一些急救知识至关重要。
29.accidents 考查名词复数。此处泛指“事故”，应用名词的复数形式，故填accidents。
30.will get 考查动词的时态。此处表示当事故发生时，我们假想专业人员将会到来，因此用一般将来时，故填will get。
31.a 考查冠词。make a difference是固定短语，表示“产生差别；起作用；有影响”，故填a。
32.to teach 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词thing，故填to teach。
33.If/When 考查状语从句。此处从句表示一种假设的情形，因此应用If或When引导状语从句。
34.themselves 考查代词。此处表示在无法依靠专业人员的情况下他们要自己想办法去帮助受害者，故填反身代词themselves。
35.is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句主语One of the things为单数，又因此处为客观描述，应用一般现在时。故填is。
36.bravery 考查词形转换。根据空前的their可知，此处应用名词，故填bravery。
37.what 考查固定句式。“疑问词＋动词不定式”是英语中的一个固定句式，what在该结构中作宾语，故填what。
38.contacting 考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词without可知，此处应用动词-ing形式，故填contacting。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
复习动词-ing形式
1.It also helps control your body temperature， prevents your body from losing too much water ...
2.As you can imagine， getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
3.The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
4.Burns are divided into three types， depending on the depth of skin damage.
5.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks， burning clothes， or petrol fires.
6.The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.
【我的发现】
上面句子中，句1中的动词-ing形式作 ；句2中的动词-ing形式作 ；句3中的动词-ing形式作 ；句4中的动词-ing形式作 ；句5和句6中的动词-ing形式作 。
一、动词-ing形式的基本情况
1.含义：动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由“动词原形＋-ing”构成，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语等。
Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations.
在某些情况下，仅仅说声谢谢似乎是不够的。
2.动词-ing形式的时态和语态
语态 时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
Having set a great example to us students， she fully deserves my respect.
她为我们学生树立了一个好榜样，完全值得我尊敬。
Having been warned by the teacher， the students didn’t make such mistakes any longer.
被老师警告之后，学生们不再犯这样的错误了。
3.动词-ing形式的否定式是在前面直接加not构成。
Not knowing his telephone number， I can’t get in touch with him.
不知道他的电话号码，我无法与他联系。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
① （tell） many times， he still made the same silly mistake.
② （live） in an information era， we have easy and convenient access to various English learning resources.
③She is very proud and can’t stand （look） down upon.
④ （wait） in the rain for half an hour， the audience began to feel impatient.
二、动词-ing形式的句法功能
1.作主语
（1）动词-ing形式作主语常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作或状态，动词-ing形式有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Saying is easier than doing.
说比做容易。
Being blamed for the breakdown of the computer made me quite frustrated.
由于电脑坏掉而受到指责使我非常沮丧。
（2）动词-ing形式作主语时，可位于句首和句末。位于句末时用it作形式主语，常见句型如下：
①It is＋adj.（good/funny/nice/difficult/worthwhile/interesting等）＋动词-ing形式
②It is no use/no good/a waste of time ...＋动词-ing形式
It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
It’s no good playing computer games too much.
玩太多电脑游戏没好处。
It is worthwhile spending some time doing this job.
花点儿时间做这项工作是值得的。
（3）动词-ing形式作主语时可以有自己的逻辑主语，“逻辑主语＋动词-ing 形式”叫作动词-ing形式的复合结构。动词-ing形式作主语时，逻辑主语的常见形式有：
①逻辑主语有生命时：名词所有格、形容词性物主代词；
②逻辑主语无生命时：名词普通格；
③逻辑主语是数词、指示代词、不定代词时：普通格。
His leaving is a great loss.
他的离开是一个巨大的损失。
Yesterday being Sunday postponed the match.
昨天是星期天，比赛推迟了。
【即时演练2】 单句语法填空
①It is no good （say） such rude words to him.
② （invite） to the party was a great honour to the family.
③It is no use （waste） too much time on such things.
④From what’s mentioned above， （protect） oceans becomes urgent.
2.作宾语
动词-ing形式既可作动词宾语，又可作介词宾语。
（1）动词-ing形式作动词宾语
Would you mind opening the window？
你介意打开窗子吗？
I don’t like watching television but I enjoy listening to pop music.
我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听流行音乐。
He narrowly avoided being killed in the accident.
在这次事故中他九死一生。
名师点津
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：
避免错过少延期 （avoid、 miss、 postpone）
建议完成多练习 （advise/suggest、 finish、 practise）
喜欢想象禁不住 （enjoy、 imagine、 can’t help）
承认否定与嫉妒 （admit、 deny、 envy）
逃避冒险莫原谅 （escape、 risk、 excuse）
忍受保持不介意 （stand、 keep、 mind）
（2）动词-ing形式作介词宾语
By offering service， I will be able to improve my confidence in speaking English in public.
通过提供服务，我将能够增强我在公共场合说英语的信心。
I am looking forward to being admitted to a key university.我盼望着被一所重点大学录取。
名师点津
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语
insist on （坚持）、 object to （反对）、 lead to （导致）、 put off （推迟）、 give up （放弃）、 look forward to （盼望）、 feel like （想要）、 devote ...to （致力于）、 get used to （习惯于）、 pay attention to （注意）等。
（3）有些动词（短语）后跟动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同，有这样用法的动词（短语）见下表：
动词（短语） 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
go on to do 接着做（另外一件事）
doing 接着做（同一件事）
stop to do 停下来去做……
doing 停止做……
I regret to have to do this， but I have no choice.
我很遗憾必须这样去做，但我实在没有选择。
I don’t regret telling her what I thought.
我不后悔告诉了她我的想法。
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空
①Governments need to consider （make） policies and taking proper measures to protect our oceans.
②The key to （solve） the problem is to meet the demand made by the customers.
③Giving up your plan means （lose） a large amount of money.
3.作表语
动词-ing形式作表语的两种不同含义：
（1）表示主语的内容是什么；
（2）表示主语所具有的特征。
The real question is getting to know the needs of the people.
真正的问题是了解人民的需求。
I think that the problem is quite challenging.
我认为这个问题相当有挑战性。
【即时演练4】 单句语法填空
①Going to hospital can be very （frighten） for a child.
②Henry’s job is （teach） physics in a local middle school.
③The technique is （promise）， but there’s still work to do.
④My favourite hobby is （share） videos on social media platforms.
⑤The trip is very （excite）， and we have decided to have a similar one.
4.作定语
动词-ing形式作定语时，与所修饰词之间是主动关系。
（1）单个动词-ing形式作定语一般放在所修饰名词的前面，动词-ing短语作定语放在所修饰名词的后面。
Keep silent in order not to wake up the sleeping baby.
保持安静，别惊醒这个睡觉的小孩。
In summer I often swim in the swimming pool.
夏天我经常在游泳池游泳。
（2）动词-ing形式的一般式（doing）作定语，表示主动、正在进行的动作；动词-ing形式一般式的被动语态（being done）作定语时，表示被动、正在进行的动作。
The man standing by the window is our teacher.
站在窗户旁边的那个人是我们的老师。
The bridge being repaired will be in use next month.
正在修缮的大桥将于下个月使用。
【即时演练5】 单句语法填空
①There are several factors （contribute） to the outbreak of sandstorm.
②It’s better to have more people to serve students to reduce their （wait） time.
③The boys （gather） at the school gate are my classmates.
5.作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。
（1）表示感觉和心理状态的动词即“感官动词（组）”， 常见的有see、 hear、 feel、 smell、 find、 notice、 observe、 look at、 listen to等。
I felt somebody standing behind me.
我感觉有人站在我后面。
I saw the little boy crying there.
我看到那个小男孩正在那儿哭。
（2）表示“叫、让、使”等指使意义的动词，即“使役动词”，常见的有have、 set、 keep、 get、 leave等。
We kept the fire burning all night long.
我们让火整夜燃烧着。
I won’t have you running about in the room.
我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
I won’t let you lie to others.
我不会让你对别人撒谎。
Online shopping can get you to be addicted to it.
网上购物使你对其上瘾。
名师点津
have/keep/get/leave sb/sth＋doing sth
使……一直做某事
have/let/make sb＋do sth＝get/cause sb to do sth 使/让某人做某事
（3）with复合结构
With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。
With my proposal declined， I was in low spirits.
由于我的提议被拒绝，我情绪很低落。
With so much work to do， he was nearly in despair.
有如此多的工作要做，他几乎绝望了。
【即时演练6】 单句语法填空/句型转换
①I felt someone （pat） me on the shoulder.
②When he passed the swimming pool， he saw someone （swim） in it.
③I heard Mary （sing） a song in the next room last night.
④Besides， we can use all kinds of resources to make learning more （interest）.
⑤As time passes by， more and more jobs will be replaced by machines and robots.
→ ， more and more jobs will be replaced by machines and robots.
6.作状语
动词-ing形式作状语时，可以在句中充当让步、时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随或补充说明等状语，与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系（是主动的），有时可以转化成相应的状语从句。
Having figured out what had happened， we rushed downstairs.（时间状语）
＝After we had figured out what had happened， we rushed downstairs.
弄清楚发生了什么事后，我们冲下楼去。
Not arriving on time， he was punished.（原因状语）
＝Because he didn’t arrive on time， he was punished.
因为没有按时到达，他受到了惩罚。
Working hard， you will succeed.（条件状语）
＝If you work hard， you will succeed.
＝Work hard， and you will succeed.
努力工作，你就会成功。
Having failed many times， he didn’t lose heart.（让步状语）
＝Though he had failed many times， he still didn’t lose heart.
尽管失败了许多次，他仍然没有失去信心。
名师点津
高中阶段有一些固定的动词-ing形式（短语），如generally speaking （一般来说）、 judging from ...（根据……来判断）、 considering ...（考虑到……）、 talking of ...（谈到……）、 supposing ...（假如……）等，它们的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致。这类词或短语可以被称为句子的状语，也可当作一个插入语。
Judging from his accent， he must come from Canada.
从他的口音判断，他一定来自加拿大。
Considering how poor he was， we decided to let him attend the concert for free.
考虑到他那么穷，我们决定让他免费参加音乐会。
【即时演练7】 句型转换
①When he heard the news， he couldn’t help laughing.
→ ， he couldn’t help laughing.
②The child slipped and fell， hitting his head against the door.
→The child slipped and fell， .
③Having been told many times， he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.
→ ， he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.
④Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.
→Morris lay on the grass， .
slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜走n.滑倒；小错误；纸条
【教材原句】 When he got out of the bathtub， he slipped and fell on the floor.
当他从浴缸里出来时，他滑倒在地板上。
【用法】
slip into ... 悄悄溜进……；陷入……
slip out of ... 悄悄溜出……
slip one’s mind/memory ……被忘记
【佳句】 I guess my wallet must have slipped out of my pocket during the flight.
我想我的钱包一定是在飞机上从口袋里滑出来了。
【写美】 完成句子
①I feel sorry to know your grades .
得知你的成绩一直下滑，我感到很遗憾。
②It was while his father was sleeping that the boy .
就是在他爸爸睡觉的时候，小男孩溜出了他的房间。
delay vi.& vt.推迟；延期（做某事） vt.耽误；耽搁n.延误；耽搁（的时间）；推迟
【教材原句】 After arriving， the ambulance team quickly found Mrs Taylor and without delay gave her oxygen， put in an IV needle， and checked her vital signs.
救援队到达之后，很快就发现了泰勒女士，然后立刻给她输氧进行静脉注射并检查她的生命体征。
【用法】
（1）delay doing sth 推迟做某事
without delay 毫不延迟地，立即
（2）delayed adj. 延时的，定时的
【佳句】 Worse still， there was a seven-day delay in delivering my clothes， which should have been received on 10 May. （投诉信）
更糟糕的是，我的衣服本应在5月10日收到，却延误了7天。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①As the old saying goes，“Never delay （do） something you should finish today.”
【写美】 完成句子
②So worried was I that I took her to the nearest hospital .
我非常担心，毫不迟疑地把她送到了最近的医院。
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
宾语 主语 表语 状语 定语
即时演练1
①Having been told ②Living ③being looked ④Having waited
即时演练2
①saying ②Being invited ③wasting ④protecting
即时演练3
①making ②solving ③losing
即时演练4
①frightening ②teaching/to teach ③promising
④sharing ⑤exciting
即时演练5
①contributing ②waiting ③gathering
即时演练6
①patting ②swimming ③singing ④interesting
⑤With time passing by
即时演练7
①Hearing the news ②and hit his head against the door ③Although he had been told many times ④staring at the sky for a long time
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①have been slipping down ②slipped out of his room
2.①doing ②without delay
8 / 8(共104张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
复习动词-ing形式
1. It also helps control your body temperature， prevents your body from
losing too much water ...
2. As you can imagine， getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
3. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first
aid.
4. Burns are divided into three types， depending on the depth of skin
damage.
5. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks， burning clothes，
or petrol fires.
6. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and
swelling.
【我的发现】
上面句子中，句1中的动词-ing形式作 ；句2中的动词-ing
形式作 ；句3中的动词-ing形式作 ；句4中的动词-
ing形式作 ；句5和句6中的动词-ing形式作 。
宾语
主语
表语
状语
定语
一、动词-ing形式的基本情况
1. 含义：动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由“动词原形＋-
ing”构成，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和
状语等。
Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations.
在某些情况下，仅仅说声谢谢似乎是不够的。
2. 动词-ing形式的时态和语态
语态 时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
她为我们学生树立了一个好榜样，完全值得我尊敬。
Having been warned by the teacher， the students didn’t make such
mistakes any longer.
被老师警告之后，学生们不再犯这样的错误了。
Having set a great example to us students， she fully deserves my
respect.
3. 动词-ing形式的否定式是在前面直接加not构成。
Not knowing his telephone number， I can’t get in touch with him.
不知道他的电话号码，我无法与他联系。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
① （tell） many times， he still made the same
silly mistake.
② （live） in an information era， we have easy and
convenient access to various English learning resources.
③She is very proud and can’t stand （look） down
upon.
④ （wait） in the rain for half an hour， the audience
began to feel impatient.
Having been told
Living
being looked
Having waited
二、动词-ing形式的句法功能
1. 作主语
（1）动词-ing形式作主语常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作或状
态，动词-ing形式有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常
用单数形式。
Saying is easier than doing.
说比做容易。
Being blamed for the breakdown of the computer made me
quite frustrated.
由于电脑坏掉而受到指责使我非常沮丧。
（2）动词-ing形式作主语时，可位于句首和句末。位于句末时用it
作形式主语，常见句型如下：
①It is＋adj.（good/funny/nice/difficult/worthwhile/interesting
等）＋动词-ing形式
②It is no use/no good/a waste of time ...＋动词-ing形式
It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
It’s no good playing computer games too much.
玩太多电脑游戏没好处。
It is worthwhile spending some time doing this job.
花点儿时间做这项工作是值得的。
（3）动词-ing形式作主语时可以有自己的逻辑主语，“逻辑主语＋动
词-ing 形式”叫作动词-ing形式的复合结构。动词-ing形式作主
语时，逻辑主语的常见形式有：
①逻辑主语有生命时：名词所有格、形容词性物主代词；
②逻辑主语无生命时：名词普通格；
③逻辑主语是数词、指示代词、不定代词时：普通格。
His leaving is a great loss.
他的离开是一个巨大的损失。
Yesterday being Sunday postponed the match.
昨天是星期天，比赛推迟了。
【即时演练2】 单句语法填空
①It is no good （say） such rude words to him.
② （invite） to the party was a great honour to the
family.
③It is no use （waste） too much time on such things.
④From what’s mentioned above， （protect） oceans
becomes urgent.
saying
Being invited
wasting
protecting
2. 作宾语
动词-ing形式既可作动词宾语，又可作介词宾语。
（1）动词-ing形式作动词宾语
Would you mind opening the window？
你介意打开窗子吗？
I don’t like watching television but I enjoy listening to pop
music.
我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听流行音乐。
He narrowly avoided being killed in the accident.
在这次事故中他九死一生。
名师点津
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：
避免错过少延期 （avoid、 miss、 postpone）
建议完成多练习 （advise/suggest、 finish、 practise）
喜欢想象禁不住 （enjoy、 imagine、 can’t help）
承认否定与嫉妒 （admit、 deny、 envy）
逃避冒险莫原谅 （escape、 risk、 excuse）
忍受保持不介意 （stand、 keep、 mind）
（2）动词-ing形式作介词宾语
By offering service， I will be able to improve my confidence in
speaking English in public.
通过提供服务，我将能够增强我在公共场合说英语的信心。
I am looking forward to being admitted to a key university.
我盼望着被一所重点大学录取。
名师点津
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语
insist on （坚持）、 object to （反对）、 lead to （导致）、 put off
（推迟）、 give up （放弃）、 look forward to （盼望）、 feel like
（想要）、 devote ...to （致力于）、 get used to （习惯于）、 pay
attention to （注意）等。
（3）有些动词（短语）后跟动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，
但含义不同，有这样用法的动词（短语）见下表：
动词（短语） 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
动词（短语） 宾语的形式 意义
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
go on to do 接着做（另外一件事）
doing 接着做（同一件事）
stop to do 停下来去做……
doing 停止做……
I regret to have to do this， but I have no choice.
我很遗憾必须这样去做，但我实在没有选择。
I don’t regret telling her what I thought.
我不后悔告诉了她我的想法。
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空
①Governments need to consider （make） policies and
taking proper measures to protect our oceans.
②The key to （solve） the problem is to meet the demand
made by the customers.
③Giving up your plan means （lose） a large amount of
money.
making
solving
losing
3. 作表语
动词-ing形式作表语的两种不同含义：
（1）表示主语的内容是什么；
（2）表示主语所具有的特征。
The real question is getting to know the needs of the people.
真正的问题是了解人民的需求。
I think that the problem is quite challenging.
我认为这个问题相当有挑战性。
【即时演练4】 单句语法填空
①Going to hospital can be very （frighten） for a child.
②Henry’s job is （teach） physics in a local
middle school.
③The technique is （promise）， but there’s still work
to do.
④My favourite hobby is （share） videos on social media
platforms.
⑤The trip is very （excite）， and we have decided to have
a similar one.
frightening
teaching/to teach
promising
sharing
exciting
4. 作定语
动词-ing形式作定语时，与所修饰词之间是主动关系。
（1）单个动词-ing形式作定语一般放在所修饰名词的前面，动词-
ing短语作定语放在所修饰名词的后面。
Keep silent in order not to wake up the sleeping baby.
保持安静，别惊醒这个睡觉的小孩。
In summer I often swim in the swimming pool.
夏天我经常在游泳池游泳。
（2）动词-ing形式的一般式（doing）作定语，表示主动、正在进
行的动作；动词-ing形式一般式的被动语态（being done）作
定语时，表示被动、正在进行的动作。
The man standing by the window is our teacher.
站在窗户旁边的那个人是我们的老师。
The bridge being repaired will be in use next month.
正在修缮的大桥将于下个月使用。
【即时演练5】 单句语法填空
①There are several factors （contribute） to the
outbreak of sandstorm.
②It’s better to have more people to serve students to reduce
their （wait） time.
③The boys （gather） at the school gate are my
classmates.
contributing
waiting
gathering
5. 作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的
状态。
（1）表示感觉和心理状态的动词即“感官动词（组）”， 常见的
有see、 hear、 feel、 smell、 find、 notice、 observe、 look
at、 listen to等。
I felt somebody standing behind me.
我感觉有人站在我后面。
I saw the little boy crying there.
我看到那个小男孩正在那儿哭。
（2）表示“叫、让、使”等指使意义的动词，即“使役动词”，
常见的有have、 set、 keep、 get、 leave等。
We kept the fire burning all night long.
我们让火整夜燃烧着。
I won’t have you running about in the room.
我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
I won’t let you lie to others.
我不会让你对别人撒谎。
Online shopping can get you to be addicted to it.
网上购物使你对其上瘾。
名师点津
have/keep/get/leave sb/sth＋doing sth
使……一直做某事
have/let/make sb＋do sth＝get/cause sb to do sth 使/让某人做某事
（3）with复合结构
With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。
With my proposal declined， I was in low spirits.
由于我的提议被拒绝，我情绪很低落。
With so much work to do， he was nearly in despair.
有如此多的工作要做，他几乎绝望了。
【即时演练6】 单句语法填空/句型转换
①I felt someone （pat） me on the shoulder.
②When he passed the swimming pool， he saw someone
（swim） in it.
③I heard Mary （sing） a song in the next room last night.
④Besides， we can use all kinds of resources to make learning
more （interest）.
⑤As time passes by， more and more jobs will be replaced by machines
and robots.
→ ， more and more jobs will be replaced by
machines and robots.
patting
swimming
singing
interesting
With time passing by
6. 作状语
动词-ing形式作状语时，可以在句中充当让步、时间、原因、条
件、结果、方式、伴随或补充说明等状语，与句子的主语有逻辑上
的主谓关系（是主动的），有时可以转化成相应的状语从句。
Having figured out what had happened， we rushed downstairs.（时
间状语）
＝After we had figured out what had happened， we rushed
downstairs.
弄清楚发生了什么事后，我们冲下楼去。
Not arriving on time， he was punished.（原因状语）
＝Because he didn’t arrive on time， he was punished.
因为没有按时到达，他受到了惩罚。
Working hard， you will succeed.（条件状语）
＝If you work hard， you will succeed.
＝Work hard， and you will succeed.
努力工作，你就会成功。
Having failed many times， he didn’t lose heart.（让步状语）
＝Though he had failed many times， he still didn’t lose heart.
尽管失败了许多次，他仍然没有失去信心。
名师点津
高中阶段有一些固定的动词-ing形式（短语），如generally speaking
（一般来说）、 judging from ...（根据……来判断）、
considering ...（考虑到……）、 talking of ...（谈到……）、
supposing ...（假如……）等，它们的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一
致。这类词或短语可以被称为句子的状语，也可当作一个插入语。
Judging from his accent， he must come from Canada.
从他的口音判断，他一定来自加拿大。
Considering how poor he was， we decided to let him attend the concert
for free.
考虑到他那么穷，我们决定让他免费参加音乐会。
【即时演练7】 句型转换
①When he heard the news， he couldn’t help laughing.
→ ， he couldn’t help laughing.
②The child slipped and fell， hitting his head against the door.
→The child slipped and fell， .
③Having been told many times， he still didn’t learn these rules by
heart.
→ ， he still didn’t learn these
rules by heart.
Hearing the news
and hit his head against the door
Although he had been told many times
④Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.
→Morris lay on the grass， .
staring at the sky for a long time
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜走n.滑倒；小错误；纸条
【教材原句】 When he got out of the bathtub， he slipped and fell on
the floor.
当他从浴缸里出来时，他滑倒在地板上。
slip into ... 悄悄溜进……；陷入……
slip out of ... 悄悄溜出……
slip one’s mind/memory ……被忘记
【用法】
【佳句】 I guess my wallet must have slipped out of my pocket during
the flight.
我想我的钱包一定是在飞机上从口袋里滑出来了。
【写美】 完成句子
①I feel sorry to know your grades .
得知你的成绩一直下滑，我感到很遗憾。
②It was while his father was sleeping that the boy
.
就是在他爸爸睡觉的时候，小男孩溜出了他的房间。
have been slipping down
slipped out of his
room
delay vi.& vt.推迟；延期（做某事） vt.耽误；耽搁n.延误；耽搁
（的时间）；推迟
【教材原句】 After arriving， the ambulance team quickly found Mrs
Taylor and without delay gave her oxygen， put in an IV needle， and
checked her vital signs.
救援队到达之后，很快就发现了泰勒女士，然后立刻给她输氧进行静
脉注射并检查她的生命体征。
（1）delay doing sth 推迟做某事
without delay 毫不延迟地，立即
（2）delayed adj. 延时的，定时的
【用法】
【佳句】 Worse still， there was a seven-day delay in delivering my
clothes， which should have been received on 10 May. （投诉信）
更糟糕的是，我的衣服本应在5月10日收到，却延误了7天。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①As the old saying goes，“Never delay （do） something
you should finish today.”
doing
【写美】 完成句子
②So worried was I that I took her to the nearest hospital
.
我非常担心，毫不迟疑地把她送到了最近的医院。
without
delay
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
1. That night， there were millions of people （watch）
the opening ceremony live on TV.
2. The traffic police observed him （drive） at 90 miles per
hour at that time yesterday.
3. The earthquake hit the area several days ago， （cause）
many deaths.
watching
driving
causing
4. （tell） many times how to do it， he still
couldn’t understand， so I had to do it myself.
5. I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and
（give） lessons to the lovely children.
6. Standing on the top of the mountain is an ancient tower
（date） back to two hundred years ago.
7. （know） that you have trouble in
choosing reference books， I am writing to give you some suggestions.
Having been told
giving
dating
Knowing/Having known
8. （spend） a few hours with our parents or grandparents
helps develop a strong family bond.
9. Our teacher advises us not to spend too much time （surf）
the Internet.
10. I would like to recommend Chinese medicine to you，
（hope） it is of great help to you.
11. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet
dog （follow） them.
Spending
surfing
hoping
following
12. I saw a poster （call） on students to join in the “Earth
Day” activity on our campus.
13. What worries me most is her （stay） up too late every
night.
14. The flying bird is lucky enough to escape （catch）
by the hidden nets the farmers spread over the fields.
15. The boy （scold） by the teacher lowered his
head， tears of sadness streaming down his cheeks.
calling
staying
being caught
being scolded
维度二：语法与写作
1. As for your last letter ， I’d like to
share with you how I’m getting along.
关于你上封信问及我的学习和生活（问题），我想和你分享一下我
的情况。
2. I spent a whole year until I
thought I was fully prepared.
我花了整整一年的时间仔细复习了所有科目，直到我认为我已经完
全准备好了。
asking about my study and life
going over all the subjects carefully
3. ，English is becoming
more and more important.
随着世界变成地球村，英语变得越来越重要。
4. means that we can see the world through a new
window.
掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新的窗口看世界。
5. As an international language，English acts as a bridge
.
当今，英语作为一门国际语言，是连接各国的桥梁。
With the world becoming a global village
Mastering English
linking all
countries together nowadays
6. ， I’m
more than pleased to give you some advice.
得知你将去北京，我很高兴给你一些建议。
Knowing/Having known that you’re going to Beijing
维度三：语法与语篇
The British have many traditions but there is nothing more typical
than 1. （take） afternoon tea.We know the British have a
love affair with 2. （drink） tea， with more than 160
million cups drunk every day， but it was the invention of afternoon tea
that turned tea-drinking into a popular pastime.
taking
drinking
This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea comfortably
while 3. （eat） nice sandwiches， scones with jam and cream
and a selection of small cakes.And， of course， it can only happen in the
afternoon！Afternoon tea， 4. （date） back to the 1840s，
was designed as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and
dinner.It went on to become a fashionable social occasion for the upper
classes.
eating
dating
Now there is a resurgence （复苏） in its popularity in the UK and it
is available to anyone who can afford it.Though it can be enjoyed at
home， the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel or café.But if
you’re thinking of 5. （visit） such a place to enjoy a plate
of sweet and tasty treats with a steaming hot brew， remember the rules
you must follow to avoid 6. （ask） to leave.
visiting
being asked
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·临沂高二上学期期末考试）Near Mount Everest’s peak，
the climbers faced a choice： head for the summit， like others had
done， or stop to save the injured man.
Daniel Mazur had spent seven hours climbing up the mountain
through ice and snow， and now he sensed that success was near.He and
his companions were less than three hours away from the spectacular 29，
035-foot summit.
As the men looked out on the snow-covered peaks below， Mazur
suddenly saw a flash of bright yellow to his left.On the edge of a cliff was
a man sitting cross-legged.Without an oxygen mask， sleeping bag， food
or water， there was no reason for him to be alive at 28，000 feet， and
he seemed to know it.He looked up at Mazur.
Almost any experienced climber who’s been to Mount Everest
knows somebody who didn’t make it back.“There are times when you
literally have to step over somebody’s body to get to the top，” says
Mazur.
Near the peak on that clear May morning — a mountaineer’s
dream， Mazur describes — he and his team members quietly realised they
had a choice to make： Should they phone in the man’s situation to his
group and continue on？ Or stay with him， until help arrived？
In the end， Mazur knew， there was only one possible decision to
be made.“Luckily，” he says， “everyone made the right one.”
They got the man away from the cliff’s edge and helped him back
into his snowsuit.With the injured climber secured， Mazur radioed down
to high base camp.It was almost noon when a dozen Sherpas finally
arrived to help take the man down the mountain.
The man’s name is Lincoln Hall.Hall knows he’s a lucky man，
that he could very well have become the 12th person to die on Everest this
year — the deadliest season since the 1996 tragedy.Although his rescue is
incredible， it has sparked a debate about climbers who leave behind the
sick and injured in pursuit of Everest’s grand prize.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。即将登上珠穆朗玛峰的Daniel Mazur
一行人遇到一名奄奄一息的登山者，他们会作出怎样的选择呢？
本文是一篇记叙文。即将登上珠穆朗玛峰的Daniel Mazur
一行人遇到一名奄奄一息的登山者，他们会作出怎样的选择呢？
1. How long would it take Daniel Mazur to reach Everest’s peak？
A. Three hours. B. Seven hours.
C. Ten hours. D. Thirteen hours.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Daniel Mazur一行人已
经攀登了7个小时，还差不到3个小时就能登上珠穆朗玛峰。
2. Daniel Mazur found the man .
A. at the very halfway point
B. on the top of the mountain
C. when he was climbing down
D. when he nearly reached the top
解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，当Daniel Mazur一行人
发现那名奄奄一息的登山者时，他们已经离山顶不远了。
3. What does the underlined part “the right one” in Paragraph 6 refer
to？
A. To make a phone call.
B. To help save the man.
C. To realise their dream.
D. To continue the journey.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第五段可知，Daniel Mazur一行人面
临两种选择：继续前行或留下来救助那名登山者；根据下文可知，
他们选择了后者。
4. What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A. 12 people died on Everest in 1996.
B. 11 people died on Everest this year.
C. The public doubt Lincoln Hall’s story.
D. Rescue stories are common on Everest.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，如果Lincoln Hall没有
被救，那么他将成为今年死在珠峰上的第12名登山者。
B
（2024·邯郸十校高二下学期联考）How might a small act of
kindness influence your mood later today， tonight or throughout this
week？ An analysis released Tuesday from scientists behind a research
initiative called the BIG JOY Project finds that people who commit daily
“micro-acts” of joy experience about a 25% increase in emotional well-
being over the course of a week.
“We’re really excited，” says Emiliana Simon-Thomas， a BIG
JOY Project leader. “There are statistically significant， measurable
changes （including） greater well-being， better coping， less stress，
more satisfaction with relationships.”
The BIG JOY Project is a collaboration between UC Berkeley’s
Greater Good Science Center and other research institutions. So far the
researchers have preliminary results from over 70，000 participants in
more than 200 countries. Overall， the new analysis shows micro-acts led
to increased feelings of hope， optimism， as well as moments of fun or
silliness.
This project did not begin as a typical research study， but rather a
“citizen-science” project which is still open to anyone who wants to
participate. Here’s how it works. Participants take an online survey to
answer questions about their feelings， stress， and their social
tendencies. Then， every day for seven consecutive days， they agree to
try small， happiness-boosting activities.
The recommended micro-acts include making a gratitude list or
journal， or engaging in acts of kindness such as visiting a sick neighbour
or doing a nice gesture for a friend — or a stranger. Some micro-acts
involve celebrating another person’s joy， or engaging in self-
reflection， or taking the time to identify the silver lining in a bad
situation.
Each day， people answer questions about what they did and how
they felt afterwards. At the end of the week， they take another survey to
judge how their emotions and sense of well-being have changed.
“Rather than thinking of joy as something that happens to you， it
may make sense to think of it as a skill that you can get better at through
practice，” says Simon-Thomas. “If you want to stay physically fit，
you have to keep exercising，” Simon-Thomas says， “and the same
likely goes for well-being.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，每天从事一些快乐
的“微行动”的人，在一周的时间里，情绪幸福感会增加25%左右。
本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，每天从事一些快乐
的“微行动”的人，在一周的时间里，情绪幸福感会增加25%左右。
5. Why were the researchers very excited？
A. They made a new scientific discovery.
B. They saw positive effects of micro-acts.
C. The Big Joy Project had been successful.
D. People participated in the project actively.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知， 研究人员之所以非
常兴奋，是因为他们看到了“微行动”所带来的各种积极影响。这
些积极影响包括：更幸福、更好的应对能力、更少的压力、对人际
关系更高的满意度等。
6. What can we learn about the BIG JOY Project？
A. It opens to the general public.
B. It’s based on scientific theories.
C. It focuses on people’s physical health.
D. It’s carried out in research institutions.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三、四段可知，The BIG JOY
Project这项研究是面向大众的，任何人都可以参加；它是在网上进
行的，而非实验室和科研机构；另外，它所关注的不是身体状况，
而是情感状况。
7. What are the participants required to do in the project？
A. Record their daily activities.
B. Research their mental states.
C. Report their emotional changes.
D. Engage in some volunteer work.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Participants take an online
survey to answer questions about their feelings， stress， and their
social tendencies.和第六段中的judge how their emotions and sense of
well-being have changed可知，被研究对象需要告知研究人员他们每
天从事完“微行动”后的情感变化。
8. What does Simon-Thomas advise us to do in the last paragraph？
A. Change our lives for the better.
B. Accept whatever happens to us.
C. Take exercise on a regular basis.
D. Take action to create joy actively.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为，要想身体
健康，我们就必须每天进行锻炼；作者接着指出，要想获得快乐，
也是同样的道理。也就是说，我们必须每天积极从事一些能给自己
带来快乐的事，而不是被动地等待快乐降临。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·六盘水高二下学期质检）People who are your age， like
your classmates， are called peers （同龄人）. When they try to
influence how you act， to get you to do something， it’s called peer
pressure. 9
Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked， to
fit in， or because they worry that other kids might make fun of them if
they don’t go along with the group. 10 The idea that “everyone’s
doing it” can influence some kids to leave their better judgment， or their
common sense， behind.
It is tough to be the only one who says “no” to peer pressure， but
you can do it. Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what
is right and wrong can help you know the right thing to do.
It can really help to have at least one other peer， or friend， who is
willing to say “no”， too. 11 It’s great to have friends with
values similar to yours who will support you.
Your parents may advise you to “choose your friends wisely”. Peer
pressure is a big reason why they say this. If you choose friends who
don’t use drugs， cut class， smoke cigarettes， or lie to their parents，
then you probably won’t do these things either， even if other kids
do. 12 It can be powerful for one kid to join another by simply
saying， “I’m with you — let’s go.”
Even if you’re faced with peer pressure while you’re alone， there
are still things you can do. You can simply stay away from peers who
pressure you to do stuff you know is wrong. 13 Better yet， find
other friends and classmates to pal around with.
A. Just believe in yourself.
B. You can tell them “no” and walk away.
C. Peer pressure is not always a bad thing.
D. This makes it much easier to resist peer pressure.
E. It’s something everyone has to deal with — even adults.
F. Others go along because they are curious to try something new.
G. Try to help a friend who is having trouble resisting peer pressure.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。peer pressure指来自同龄人的压力。
这种压力有时候是积极的，但更多的时候是消极的。
9. E 上句引出本文的话题——peer pressure，接下来应该是对它的进
一步补充说明，因此E项符合语境。
10. F 上文指出一些孩子屈服于同龄人压力的原因是渴望被接纳、被
喜欢，接下来应该说“另一些孩子”，因此F项符合语境。
11. D 上文指出有人站出来跟你一起说“不”很重要。D项进一步说
明了这样做的好处是更容易应对同龄人压力。
本文是一篇说明文。peer pressure指来自同龄人的压力。
这种压力有时候是积极的，但更多的时候是消极的。
12. G 下文指出在应对同龄人压力时获得朋友帮助的重要性，G项符
合语境，是对这一建议的进一步解释。
13. B 上文建议我们远离消极朋友，B项符合语境，是对此建议的进
一步具体说明。
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·无锡高二上学期期末考试）In the seventh grade when my
mother suggested that I should join the golf team， I thought she had lost
her mind.But as usual， my mother 14 in the end.I played on the
middle-school golf team in the seventh and eighth grade.The summer
before high school came， I was 15 to join the high school team.
That summer I 16 almost every Sunday morning on the golf
course with my 17 ， and too many afternoons with my
mother.This 18 relationship with my parents 19 during my high
school years. 20 you’re walking down the freshly mowed fairway
（修剪的平坦球道）， looking out across miles of nothing but golf
course， and looking up at the beautiful blue sky， you will realise what
is 21 in life.My mom and I 22 many things in the middle of a
round of golf that we would never do at 23 ， where she is Mom and I
am an annoying teenager.On the golf course， we’re just two people
who 24 golf.
During the past years golfing has become a part of my 25 .My
friends know in the summer the place to find me is on the golf
course.There is 26 I love more than a perfect autumn morning，
riding around in a golf cart （球车） with my dad.Golf has 27 me
and made me into the person I am today.And I have to 28 that all of it
is thanks to my mom who made me join that middle-school golf team.In
fact， she was right.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参加中学高尔夫球
队的经历和感悟。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参加中学高尔夫球
队的经历和感悟。
14. A. stopped B. replied
C. recovered D. won
解析： 根据上文语境可知，作者的母亲建议作者加入高尔夫
球队，下文说明作者加入了高尔夫球队。由此推断，母亲最终取
得了胜利。
15. A. serious B. careful
C. anxious D. afraid
解析： 根据下文中的almost every Sunday morning on the golf
course可知，作者此时渴望加入高中的高尔夫球队。
16. A. wasted B. spent
C. counted D. missed
解析： 根据语境可知，作者花费时间学习高尔夫球。
17. A. father B. friend
C. sister D. classmate
解析： 根据下文too many afternoons with my mother和
relationship with my parents可推断，作者上午由父亲陪同一起去高
尔夫球场。
18. A. funny B. unhappy
C. close D. poor
解析： 根据上文语境可知，作者经常和父母在一起，因此他
与父母的关系应该非常亲密。
19. A. changed B. started
C. failed D. continued
解析： 根据上文可知，上了高中作者也想要继续打高尔夫
球，因此与父母的关系应该是一直在延续。
20. A. Though B. When
C. Because D. Unless
解析： 根据语境可知，此处为when引导的时间状语从句。
21. A. difficult B. common
C. convenient D. important
解析： 根据上文looking out across miles of nothing but golf
course， and looking up at the beautiful blue sky可推知，作者内心
平静，认识到生命中什么是重要的。
22. A. talk about B. give up
C. look for D. take down
解析： 根据空后的many things in the middle of a round of golf可
知，作者和妈妈应该是谈论了很多事情。
23. A. school B. home C. work D. play
解析： 根据语境可知，在高尔夫球场，作者和妈妈谈论了很
多他们在家里从不谈论的话题。
24. A. discover B. trust
C. love D. watch
解析： 根据上文语境可知，作者和妈妈经常谈论高尔夫球的
话题，因此两人都爱上了高尔夫球。
25. A. way B. story C. job D. life
解析： 根据下文My friends know in the summer the place
to find me is on the golf course.可知，高尔夫球已经成为作者
生活的一部分。
26. A. nothing B. something
C. anything D. everything
解析： 根据上下文语境可知，作者非常喜欢打高尔夫球。由
此推断，作者认为没有什么事情可以超越他对于与父亲一起乘坐
高尔夫球车转一转的热爱。
27. A. saved B. shaped
C. protected D. persuaded
解析： 根据下文的made me into the person I am today可知，打
高尔夫球塑造了作者。
28. A. admit B. explain
C. consider D. prove
解析： 根据下文的thanks to my mom可知，作者承认这是母亲
的功劳，多亏母亲让他参加了中学高尔夫球队。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Nobody knows when they might be faced with a serious emergency of
almost any kind.Most of us take it for granted that 29 （accident）
will happen and that we need to be ready for them.I guess we just assume
that a professional 30 （get） there and take care of the problem.Few
of us even think this far ahead.Actually， knowing first aid will
make 31 difference between life and death.
The first thing 32 （teach） teenagers about first aid is that they
should always call 911 when they are in a major emergency situation.This
is the first step after they have taken a look at the situation and seen that
there is a serious problem. 33 they are alone and in a place far from
good medical attention， they will need to know how to help their
friends 34 （they）.
One of the things to emphasize with teenagers 35 （be） keeping
their cool.Sometimes teenagers lose their cool easily in a tough
situation.They often like to play tough and show their 36 （brave）
but when it comes down to it they don’t always know 37 to do in a
real emergency situation.Tell them that they will need to remain calm and
think things through.Make sure that teenagers don’t leave
without 38 （contact） adults.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在我们的日常生活中，各种意外在
所难免，因此，学会一些急救知识至关重要。
本文是一篇说明文。在我们的日常生活中，各种意外在
所难免，因此，学会一些急救知识至关重要。
29. accidents 考查名词复数。此处泛指“事故”，应用名词的复数
形式，故填accidents。
30. will get 考查动词的时态。此处表示当事故发生时，我们假想专
业人员将会到来，因此用一般将来时，故填will get。
31. a 考查冠词。make a difference是固定短语，表示“产生差别；起
作用；有影响”，故填a。
32. to teach 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不
定式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词thing，故填to teach。
33. If/When 考查状语从句。此处从句表示一种假设的情形，因此应
用If或When引导状语从句。
34. themselves 考查代词。此处表示在无法依靠专业人员的情况下他
们要自己想办法去帮助受害者，故填反身代词themselves。
35. is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句主语One of the things为单
数，又因此处为客观描述，应用一般现在时。故填is。
36. bravery 考查词形转换。根据空前的their可知，此处应用名词，
故填bravery。
37. what 考查固定句式。“疑问词＋动词不定式”是英语中的一个
固定句式，what在该结构中作宾语，故填what。
38. contacting 考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词without可知，此处
应用动词-ing形式，故填contacting。
谢谢观看！
