(共99张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Grammar and usage
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
3
课时检测·提能力
2
核心知识·巧突破
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
过去完成时
1. By this time， the fire had extended to the 15th floor.
2. There is concern that the construction company that built the tower block
had not followed fire safety rules.
3. He regularly visited the library and studied English and law — by then
he had learned very little English.
4. Pulitzer quickly became a successful journalist and by the age of 25， he
had become a publisher.
5. He used the same business strategy he had employed at the St Louis
Post-Dispatch ...
【我的发现】
（1）过去完成时用来描述过去某一时间 发生的动作或存
在的状态。
（2）过去完成时由“ ”构成。
之前
had＋过去分词
一、过去完成时的定义
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或事件之前已经发生或完成了的动
作或存在的状态，对过去的某一方面造成了某种影响或结果。
二、过去完成时的构成
基本结构：had＋过去分词
1. 肯定句：主语＋had＋过去分词＋其他
By the end of last year， we had produced 20，000 cars.
到去年年底，我们已经生产了两万辆汽车。
2. 否定句：主语＋had＋not＋过去分词＋其他
I didn’t know the way to John’s house because I hadn’t been there
before.
我不知道去约翰家的路，因为我之前没去过。
3. 一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had.
否定回答：No，主语＋hadn’t.
—Had you organised similar activities before you participated in the
activity？
—Yes， I had./No， I hadn’t.
——在参加这项活动之前你组织过类似的活动吗？
——是，我组织过。/没有，我没组织过。
4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词（或词组）＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋
其他？
Where had you been before you came to China？
你来中国之前还去过哪儿？
【即时演练1】 完成句子
①I there was nothing more appealing to me than
reading books.
我发现没有什么比读书更吸引我的了。
②John felt rather blue because he on his final
exams as he had expected to.
约翰很难过， 因为他的期末考试未能如他所预期的那么好。
③I heard you began collecting stamps in February.How many
stamps ？
我听说你从二月份开始集邮。到去年底你已经收集到多少了？
had discovered that
had not done as well
had you collected by the end of last year
三、过去完成时的基本用法
1. 表示在过去某一时间或事件之前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的
状态，即“过去的过去”。常有by、 before等引导的时间状语作为
标志， 也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示， 还可以通过上下文
来表示。
I had learnt 5，000 words before I entered the university.
我在上大学之前就已经学了5000个单词。
When the explorer hurried to the destination， the others had already
left.
当这名探险者匆忙赶到目的地的时候，其他人已经离开了。
2. 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状
态。常用的时间状语有before、 by then、 by the time、 by the end
of、 by the time＋从句等。
John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their
marriage.
约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
We had got everything ready by the time they arrived.
在他们到达之前，我们已经做好了一切准备。
By the end of last term， we had learned English at least for four years.
到上个学期末，我们至少已经学了四年英语了。
3. 表示“愿望，打算”的动词（如hope、 want、 expect、 think、
mean、 suppose、 plan、 intend等）用于过去完成时表示过去本打算
实现而没有实现的愿望或计划。
I had never thought that you were content to help me.
我从未想过你愿意帮助我。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you.
我们本来希望能来看看你的。
I had meant to tell Mike the good news， but found that he wasn’t at
home.
我本打算把这个好消息告诉迈克，但发现他不在家。
4. 用在told、 said、 knew、 heard、 thought等动词后的宾语从句
（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的
动作之前。
He said that he had known her well.
他说他对她很熟悉。
He told me he had worked in that factory since 2022.
他告诉我自从2022年以来他就在那家工厂工作了。
【即时演练2】 完成句子
①They but couldn’t get there in time.
他们本来想帮忙，但没能及时赶到那里。
②I had finished my homework .
晚饭前我已经完成了家庭作业。
③He said that great changes
.
他说，自2019年以来，他的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
had wanted to help
before I had supper
had taken place in his hometown since
2019
④When the police found him， the man
.
当警察找到他时，这名男子已经在山洞里待了将近一个月。
⑤I yesterday， but I had an unexpected
visitor.
昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。
had been in the cave for nearly
a month
had intended to call on you
四、过去完成时的常用固定句型
1. 过去完成时可以用于hardly/scarcely ...when ...和no sooner ...than ...句
型结构中，表示“一……就……”。
I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.
＝No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
我刚到家就开始下雨了。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，观众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he began to investigate the false news.
他刚到就开始调查这条假新闻。
2. It was＋一段时间＋since从句（从句用过去完成时）
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有三个月了。
3. It was the first/second/...time＋that从句（从句用过去完成时）
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
It was the second time that he had travelled along the ancient Silk Road.
这是他第二次沿着古丝绸之路旅行。
五、过去完成时和一般过去时的区别
1. 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，常与具体的过
去时间状语连用（如ago、 yesterday、 last week、 in 2022、 when
引导的过去时间状语从句等）。
We were all excited when we took part in the sports meeting.
当我们参加运动会时，我们都很兴奋。
Two students hosted our school sports meeting last month.
上个月两名学生主持了我们学校的运动会。
2. 过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态
之前，因此它表示的是“过去的过去”。
The headmaster had made a speech before the sports meeting began.
运动会开始之前，校长发表了讲话。
Though some students hadn’t joined in the activity before， they tried
their best.
虽然一些学生以前没参加过这项活动，但他们都尽力了。
I didn’t know a thing about the verbs， for I had not studied my
lesson.
我对动词一无所知， 因为我没有好好学习功课。
【即时演练3】 完成句子/句型转换
①He at 6 o’clock.
他是在6点钟的时候做了那项工作。
②It was the third time that he that year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了。
③I had no sooner finished the work than the light went out.
→No sooner the light went out.
④He had hardly finished eating when he heard a knock at the door.
→Hardly he heard a knock at the door.
did the work
had been out of work
had I finished the work than
had he finished eating when
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
2
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
accuse vt.谴责，控诉
【教材原句】 His paper published articles about politics and social
issues， accusing government officials of dishonesty and wealthy people
of not paying their taxes.
他的报纸刊登关于政治和社会问题的文章，谴责政府官员满口谎言和
富人逃税。
【用法】
（1）accuse sb of （doing） sth＝charge sb with （doing） sth
指责/控告某人（做）某事
accuse sb for sth 为某事指责某人
（2）the accused 被告
（3）accusation n. 指责；谴责；控告
【佳句】 Although he apologized to them， they still accused him of
having broken his word.
尽管他向他们道了歉，但他们仍指责他没遵守承诺。
【联想】 “动词＋sb＋of sth”集锦：
①cheat sb of sth 骗取某人某物
②inform sb of sth 通知某人某事
③remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事
④warn sb of sth 警告某人某事
【练透】 单句语法填空
①On the other hand， they could be in trouble if someone accused them ignoring their right.
②The officer denied the （accuse） that it was involved in the murder.
③For lack of enough evidence， the （accuse） was allowed to go free.
of
accusation
accused
【写美】 一句多译
④这位男士被控告偷了这位女士的金戒指。
→ （accuse）
→
（charge）
The man was accused of stealing the woman’s gold ring.
The man was charged with stealing the woman’s gold ring.
mount vi.逐步增加 vt.攀登，爬上 n.山
【教材原句】 He used the same business strategy he had employed at
the St Louis Post-Dispatch and sales of the newspaper mounted up until it
was the bestselling newspaper in the country.
他采用了他在《圣路易斯邮报》所采用的同样的商业策略，报纸的销
量不断攀升，直到它成为全国最畅销的报纸。
【用法】
（1）mount up （尺寸和数量上）增加，上升
（2）mount stairs 登上台阶
mount the stage 走上舞台
mount a horse 骑上马
mount a protest/campaign 发起抗议/运动
【佳句】 When I first mounted the Great Wall， I could hardly find
words to express how beautiful the scenery was.
当我第一次登上长城时，我几乎找不到语言来表达风景是多么美。
【用准】 mount作动词讲时，还有“走上，登上；骑上（马、自行
车等）；发起；组织，举办”之意。
【练透】 写出加蓝单词的词性和词义
①The professor mounted the stage and began to make a speech.
②The gallery has mounted an exhibition of art by a famous woman
painter.
③The boy quickly mounted his horse and rode away.
【写美】完成句子
④In spite of all his efforts， his debts continued to .
尽管他做了最大的努力，他的债务还在继续增加。
vt.走
上，登上
vt.举办
vt.骑上
mount up
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：动词不定式（短语）作后置定语
【教材原句】 Pulitzer was the first to advocate the training of
journalists at university level.
普利策是第一个倡导在大学层面培养记者的。
【用法】
（1）the first/last/best/right/only/very＋...＋名词＋to do sth 第一个/最
后一个/最好的一个/合适的/唯一/恰好……做某事的……
（2）当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级以及the next、
the only、 the last、 the very等词修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定
语。
（3）当被修饰的词是抽象名词plan、 ability、 chance、
opportunity、 time、 way等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
【品悟】 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea
itself.
表达想法的能力和想法本身一样重要。
【写美】 完成句子
①I don’t think him to be because he is very
careless.
我认为他不是做这项工作的最佳人选，因为他很粗心。
② was from New York.
下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。
③I get in Europe.
我获得了一个去欧洲观光的机会。
④We are very busy and we all on weekends.
我们都很忙，周末也有很多工作要做。
the best man to do the job
The next train to arrive
a chance to go sightseeing
have a lot of work to do
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. Jenney （say） that she had never seen the film before.
2. Scarcely had he （finish） his supper when he went out.
3. Bob （think） you would accept his invitation.
4. I found the film hard to follow because it （begin）
when I arrived.
said
finished
had thought
had begun
5. They （talk） only a few minutes before they found
they were quite different in opinions.
6. The news of the earthquake had hardly spread when a large quantity of
relief supplies （deliver） to the disaster-stricken
area.
7. In the 1950s in the US， most families had just one phone at home，
and wireless phones hadn’t （invent） yet.
8. It was the second time that he （rush） out of the
classroom without permission.
had talked
were delivered
been invented
had rushed
维度二：语法与写作
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. 那不是他第一次向我们撒谎了。
That was not the first time that he .
2. 当我到达公共汽车站时，公共汽车已经开走了。
The bus when I arrived at the bus stop.
3. 我原希望你能帮我一把，但是你没有。
I you would give me a hand， but you didn’t.
4. 他离开家乡已经三年多了。
It was more than three years since he .
5. 我刚解决了这个问题，新问题又出现了。
Hardly when a new one arose.
had lied to us
had already gone
had hoped
had left his hometown
had I solved the problem
维度三：语法与语篇
根据汉语提示完成下面的语段。
To be honest， it is the worst day that 1.
（我经历过的）.My alarm clock didn’t go off that morning.2.
（我起床的时候）， it was 7：30！ I was about to be late！
3. （我迅速
刷牙洗脸之后）， I took up my schoolbag and rushed out the door.Before
I arrived at the bus stop， 4. （公交车已经离
开了）， so I had to rush to school by myself！
I have ever experienced
When I
got up
After I had brushed my teeth and washed my face quickly
the bus had already left
By the time I went into my classroom， 5.
（我的老师已经站在教室的前面）.She
looked at me angrily and asked for my homework.I was so sad because
6. （我已把它忘在家里了）！ What a bad day！
my teacher had stood in
the front of the classroom
I had left it at home
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷）We journalists live in a new age of
storytelling， with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t
even realize it’s new. For them， it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on
a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to
read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his
age.
Picture this： my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in
front so he can see the pictures. As I read， he reaches out and pokes
（戳） the page with his finger.
What’s up with that？ He just likes the pictures， I thought. Then I
turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly
dropped the book. I was confused： Is there something wrong with this
kid？
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to
books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which
was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He
thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry， kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an
outdated， lifeless thing. An antique. Like your grandfather. Well， I may
be old， but I’m not hopelessly challenged， digitally speaking. I edit
video and produce audio.I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience， however：
I’ve spent little time in front of a camera， since I have a face made for
radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a
personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing， Tianjin
and Hebei province.
Anyway， grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame！ I
promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old
grandson sees it on his tablet.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者从两岁的孙子在读图画书时像
点击电脑屏幕一样用手指去戳页面，到他自己偶然被《中国日报》
请去做视频节目成为片刻网红的一些小故事，说明当今多媒体工具
繁多的时代是一个不同于以往的时代。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者从两岁的孙子在读图画书时像
点击电脑屏幕一样用手指去戳页面，到他自己偶然被《中国日报》
请去做视频节目成为片刻网红的一些小故事，说明当今多媒体工具
繁多的时代是一个不同于以往的时代。
1. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in
paragraph 2？
A. Provided shelter for me.
B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me.
D. Worked quite well on me.
解析： 第一段讲到记者们如今拥有许多多媒体工具，生活在一
个新的“讲故事”时代。许多年轻人并未意识到它的新，对他们来
说，这很平常。第二段第一句中的This就是指代的这种现象。由此
可知，画线词的意思为“对我来说很清楚”。
2. Why did the kid poke the storybook？
A. He took it for a tablet computer.
B. He disliked the colorful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa.
D. He wanted to read it by himself.
解析： 第三段第一次提到孙子用手指戳图画书的现象，第四段
讲到翻页后孩子继续戳书，还更加用力，令他费解。第五段解释了
他终于明白的真相：孩子不熟悉书。小孩的父亲经常用平板电脑逗
他玩，那上面的彩色图片一戳就会动起来。他以为这故事书也是那
样，所以小孩把它当作平板电脑了。
3. What does the author think of himself？
A. Socially ambitious.
B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent.
D. Digitally competent.
解析： 根据第六段内容可知，作者进行了一番自评，说自己可
能已经老了，但在数字技术方面，并未感到令人绝望的困难。他编
辑视频并制作音频，使用移动支付，甚至建立了网站。由此可知，
作者认为自己在数字技术方面还是很有能力的。
4. What can we learn about the author as a journalist？
A. He lacks experience in his job.
B. He seldom appears on television.
C. He manages a video department.
D. He often interviews internet starts.
解析： 倒数第二段第一句讲到了作者在新媒体体验中的一个欠
缺，就是由于容貌方面的原因很少出镜。后面说《中国日报》让他
在视频上分享了一个关于京津冀一体化的故事，他很想让孙子看到
这个难得的露脸机会。由此可以推断，作为一个记者，他很少在电
视上露面。
B
“A lie can travel halfway around the world before the truth can get its
boots on，”said Mark Twain. In today’s Internet world of “fake
news”， lies spread even faster and the truth is having trouble finding its
boots.
To make matters worse， most young people get news from social
media sites where facts are mixed with rumors， half-truths and complete
lies. This has led to young people becoming confused. In the latest PISA，
which tested 15-year-olds worldwide on academic subjects， fewer than
one in ten of the examinees were reported to be able to recognize fact from
opinion. A Stanford University study showed that students at all levels of
education could not tell real news from fake news. In one instance， 80 per
cent thought that a paid advertisement was a real news story.
Fake news is spread by people who have a prejudice.They want to
influence public opinion either for or against something or someone. It is
important， then， for young people to recognize when they are being
used and to be doubtful about online information.
Traditional media， such as newspapers and television， are still the
more credible sources of information. Reporters are professional trained to
look for facts， and editors have the job of making sure those facts are
correct. However，if you are getting most of your information online，
you have to be your own editor. In that case， the first thing to do is to
look at the writer of a post. Is this person known to be objective？ Does the
site where you read the post have a prejudice？ Next，look for other
sources from mainstream media to make sure the information. In other
words， by putting on your truth boots you won’t be fooled into chasing
lies.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。互联网上假新闻比真新闻传播得更
快，年轻人应该警惕被带有偏见的假新闻传播者利用。为获得真实
的新闻，建议人们选择更专业的传统媒体，或者在网上获取新闻时
对其进行判断和确认。
本文是一篇说明文。互联网上假新闻比真新闻传播得更
快，年轻人应该警惕被带有偏见的假新闻传播者利用。为获得真实
的新闻，建议人们选择更专业的传统媒体，或者在网上获取新闻时
对其进行判断和确认。
5. What does the writer say about young people with news around？
A. They make fake news and spread it.
B. They are easily fooled by fake news.
C. They get worried about their education.
D. They can recognize facts from opinions.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三、四句可知，面对各
种各样的新闻，年轻人很困惑，大多数人无法辨别新闻的真伪。由
此可推知，年轻人很容易被假新闻愚弄。
6. What does the underlined word “credible” in the last paragraph
mean？
A. Primary. B. Realistic.
C. Believable. D. Important.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，传统媒体，如
报纸和电视，仍然是更可信的信息来源，故credible与believable
含义相近。
7. According to the writer， what can help us avoid being fooled by fake
news？
A. Only look for news through media.
B. Become a professional and trained reporter.
C. Compare the news from different sources.
D. Focus on the news instead of the writer.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可推知，比较来自
不同来源的新闻可以帮助我们避免被假新闻愚弄。
8. Which of the following is the best title for the passage？
A. What Should a Reporter Do？
B. Who Makes and Spreads Fake News？
C. How Can We Become a Newspaper Editor？
D. How Can We Stay Objective in Reading News？
解析： 标题归纳题。根据第二段可知，年轻人很容易被假新闻
愚弄；最后一段说明了一些可以帮助我们避免被假新闻愚弄的方
法。D项（我们如何在阅读新闻时保持客观？）为文章最佳标题。
C
In a new study of more than 50，000 Korean adolescents， those who
used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates
of adverse mental health and substance use.Jin Hwa Moon and Jong
Ho Cha of Hanyang University Medical Center， Korea， and colleagues
presented these findings in the open-access journal PLOS ONE on 6
December 2023.
Previous research has shown that smartphone use among adolescents
has increased in recent years， and that this usage may be associated with
higher risk of adverse health， such as psychiatric disorders （精神紊
乱）， sleep issues， and eye-related problems.
However， growing evidence suggests that at least some daily
Internet usage may be associated with better physical and mental health for
adolescents.
To deepen understanding of the relationship between adolescents’ use
of smartphones and health， Moon， Cha and colleagues analyzed data on
more than 50，000 adolescent participants in 2017 and in 2020.The data
included the approximate number of daily hours each participant spent on a
smartphone as well as various health measures.
The researchers found that in 2020， the percentage of adolescents in
the study who used a smartphone more than 2 hours per day was 85.7 per
cent — up from 64.3 per cent in 2017.Adolescents who used a smartphone
for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of stress， thoughts of
suicide， and substance use than those with usage below 4 hours per
day.However， adolescents that used a smartphone 1－2 hours per day
encountered fewer problems than adolescents who did not use a
smartphone at all.
The authors note that this study does not confirm a causal relationship
between smartphone use and adverse health outcomes.However， the
findings could help inform usage guidelines for adolescents — especially if
daily usage continues to rise.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项针对5万多名韩国青少年的新研
究中，那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康
和物质使用率。
本文是一篇说明文。一项针对5万多名韩国青少年的新研
究中，那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康
和物质使用率。
9. What does the underlined word “adverse” in Paragraph 1 probably
mean？
A. Related. B. Negative.
C. Favorable. D. Positive.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的Adolescents who
used a smartphone ...than those with usage below 4 hours per
day.可知，画线词所在句子表示“那些每天使用智能手机超过4
小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率”。画线词
adverse和negative意思相近。
10. What can be inferred about the results of the new study？
A. Smartphone use is harmful to teenagers.
B. A growing number of teenagers use smartphones.
C. A proper amount of smartphone use is beneficial.
D. The more use of smartphones， the higher risks of mental health.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，适量使用
智能手机是有益的。
11. How did researchers carry out the study？
A. By comparing different studies.
B. By studying adolescents’ health.
C. By analyzing previous information.
D. By collecting data from participants.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，研究人员通过收集
参与者的数据来进行这项研究。
12. What would be the best title for the text？
A. Smartphone Use Among Teenagers on the Rise
B. Smartphone Use Accounting for Poor Mental Health
C. Right Smartphone Use Leading to Fewer Problems in Teenagers
D. Overuse of Smartphones Linked to Mental Health Risks in Teenagers
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是在一项针
对5万多名韩国青少年的新研究中，那些每天使用智能手机超过4
小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率。因此D项（过度使
用手机与青少年心理健康风险有关）为本文最佳标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Social media has basically taken over almost everyday life for a lot of
people. They like to post videos online to share their lives. But
sometimes， if you post a video online and your video becomes popular，
you may get comments from people who will always find something to
complain about. They may spread gossip about you that isn’t true. Negative
comments，if they are mishandled， can affect your reputation and
mood. 13
First， respond positively and politely.One man’s meat is another
man’s poison.Some people like your video while others don’t.No matter
how negative the comment is，it’s best for you to give a positive and polite
response. 14 Don’t be angry， and stay calm， which helps you gain
the upper hand.
Next， moving the conversation out of the public eye and into a
private area is usually the best choice. 15 Instead， leave a comment
for them， asking them to contact you to discuss the problem in private.
This shows everyone that you are willing to address the issue， without
needing to make it a public discussion for everyone to see.
16 Often， keyboard warriors （键盘侠） are feeling bad about
something in their own lives， so keep in mind that their comments have
nothing to do with you. Avoid being negatively influenced by their
comments. You totally have the right to delete anything that should not be
on your social media page.
How do you recover from those negative comments on social media？
Just laugh them off and let them go. 17 All you can do is keep posting
and sharing positive things. When others can see that you are still living a
good life， they will be encouraged by you.
A. You can’t control what other people do.
B. Then how should we address negative comments？
C. So when should you actually ignore negative comments？
D. Finally， set boundaries and don’t reply if they try to start an argument.
E. However， don’t send a direct message to the negative comment
makers.
F. This shows that you care about everyone else on your social media page.
G. Each comment needs to be considered on the basis of facts and theories.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何处理网上的负面评论提
出了一些建议。
本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何处理网上的负面评论提
出了一些建议。
13. B 根据上文可知，遇到负面评论，需要处理得当。而下文则给出
建议。由此判断，B项（那么我们应该如何处理负面评论呢？）承上
启下，符合语境。
14. F 根据段首句可知，本段作者建议读者积极礼貌地回复。根据空
后一句可知，作者建议读者要礼貌。F项（这表明你关心你社交媒体
页面上的每个人）与上下文内容一致，符合语境。F项中的This指代上
文的to give a positive and polite response。
15. E 根据下文可知，作者建议不要直接给那些进行负面评论的人发
消息，而是给他们留言，让他们联系你私下讨论这个问题。让所有人
都看到，你愿意解决这个问题，而不需要公开讨论。E项（但是，不
要直接发送消息给负面评论的制造者）与下文衔接自然，符合语境。
16. D 空处为段首句，为本段主旨句。根据下文可知，要避免被键盘
侠的评论所影响。必要时，可删除这些评论。D项（最后，设定界
限，如果他们试图挑起争论，不要回复）可概括本段内容，D项中的
Finally暗示这是最后一条建议。
17. A 根据下文All you can do is keep posting and sharing positive
things.可知，下文谈的是你能做的。A项（你不能控制别人做什么）
与下文内容衔接自然，符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Have you seen people who take pictures of food for more than 10
minutes before eating？ My friend Stella is such an example. Every time
we went to a restaurant， she would not take a bite until all the dishes
we 18 were on the table. Then she would spend five minutes
in 19 the dishes in a seemingly random but in fact 20 order. Then
came the most important part： taking pictures.
After that， she would choose one of the 21 and click in the filter
（滤镜） app.The food eventually looked 10 times more delicious than it
really was， but we had no 22 to really enjoy it — it all went
cold.Actually Stella’s real life is much less elegant.For example， she
hates to wash the dishes， so she leaves them in the sink for days.
Many people care too much about others’ opinions and try too hard
to 23 others. They find it hard to be 24 and to accept
themselves， and thus they are afraid to show their 25 lives on social
media. What they are trying to prove is 26 what they lack in reality.
But this will not bring any 27 to reality， as they still 28 the
same old pattern of life.
If they really want an elegant life， they should put more 29 into
achieving it 30 fabricating （捏造） it.Being more
confident， 31 themselves and trying their best to be better are much
more meaningful than 32 their lives on social media.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。现在一些人在社交媒体上过度美化
自己的生活，作者认为这是不自信、不敢接受自己造成的。如果想
要优雅的生活，他们应该更加努力地去实现它，而不是制造假象。
本文是一篇说明文。现在一些人在社交媒体上过度美化
自己的生活，作者认为这是不自信、不敢接受自己造成的。如果想
要优雅的生活，他们应该更加努力地去实现它，而不是制造假象。
18. A. ordered B. served
C. offered D. prepared
解析： 根据句意可知，此处是指作者与朋友点的菜被端上桌。
19. A. cooking B. washing
C. setting D. collecting
解析： 根据下文的Then came the most important part： taking
pictures.可推测，她要把菜品摆好来拍照。
20. A. messy B. arranged
C. casual D. missed
解析： 根据语境和空前的but可知，此处应选择一个和random
意思相反的词。messy杂乱的；arranged布置好的；casual随意的。
21. A. dishes B. restaurants
C. tables D. pictures
解析： 根据上文的taking pictures可知，此处指“照片”，
pictures是原词复现。
22. A. chance B. choice
C. excuse D. reason
解析： 根据上下文语境可知，此处是指因为有人拍照，所以食
物变凉了，使大家错过了真正享受美食的机会。
23. A. comfort B. please
C. inspire D. discourage
解析： 根据空前的Many people care too much about others’
opinions可知，此处指取悦别人。comfort安慰；please使高兴；
inspire激励；discourage使泄气。
24. A. independent B. generous
C. responsible D. confident
解析： 根据空后的thus they are afraid to show their 25 lives
on social media可知，他们觉得接受自己很困难。由此推测，他们
不自信。independent独立的；generous慷慨的；responsible负责
的；confident自信的。
25. A. real B. secret C. peaceful D. healthy
解析： 根据空后的what they lack in reality可知，此处是指人们
在社交媒体上展示的东西恰好是自己现实生活中所缺乏的。real
lives和reality相呼应。
26. A. rarely B. hardly C. exactly D. nearly
解析： 参见上题解析。rarely很少；hardly几乎不；exactly恰
好；nearly几乎。
27. A. difficulty B. change
C. guidance D. harm
解析： 根据空后的as they still 28 the same old pattern of life
可知，他们的现实生活并没有改变。
28. A. question B. dislike
C. doubt D. follow
解析： 根据still和the same可推断，此处是指他们依然按原来的
方式生活。
29. A. effort B. ambitions
C. feelings D. money
解析： 根据常识可知，想要美好的生活，就必须付出努力。
30. A. other than B. more than
C. rather than D. less than
解析： 根据语境可知，上下文是对比关系。other than除了；
more than超过；rather than而不是；less than少于。
31. A. identifying B. accepting
C. persuading D. amusing
解析： 根据上文的They find it hard to be 24 and to accept
themselves可知，此处指“接受”。identify识别；accept接受；
persuade说服；amuse使高兴。
32. A. simplifying B. ruining
C. beautifying D. worsening
解析： 根据第一段中的After that， she would choose one of
the 21 and click in the filter （滤镜） app.可知，此处指在社交
媒体上美化自己的生活。simplify简化；ruin毁掉；beautify美化；
worsen （使）恶化。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Speed is the disease of the digital age. In 33 （today）
newsrooms， the pressure to publish stories at an increasingly fast rate
often means that reporters are only able to complete a surface-level
analysis.A Canadian journalist writes，“Today we are 34 （addict）
to speed.Every moment of the day feels like a race against the clock， a
dash （赛跑） to a finish line that we never seem to reach.”
But when 35 comes to understanding the complex world around
us， there is another way to reach a more meaningful destination： slow
journalism. 36 （question） the idea that faster is better， slow
journalism is about taking the time to report the news with close attention
and more depth.
There will always be a need for information to be released 37
（immediate） — say， news about natural disasters or financial
markets.Slow journalism can’t reduce the speed at 38 this kind of
news is produced， nor does it seek 39 （do） so.Slow journalism is
a critical theory encouraging journalists working in all 40 （field） to
be mindful of the way journalism is changing.Sometimes journalists need a
reminder that when speed 41 （allow） to take the lead， it comes at
the cost of analysis， of context， of complexity.Slow journalism shows
that we can have 42 best of both worlds.We just need to pause and
think every now and then.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在追求速度的新媒体时代，让“慢
新闻”带领我们挖掘新闻的意义。
33. today’s 考查名词所有格。根据句意可知，newsrooms与提示词
today之间是所属关系，设空处应用名词所有格，故填today’s。
34. addicted 考查词形转换。设空处作表语，应用形容词，故填
addicted，此处表示“对……上瘾”。
35. it 考查代词。when it comes to （doing） sth为固定搭配，表示
“当涉及（做）某事的情况、事情或问题时”。
本文是一篇说明文。在追求速度的新媒体时代，让“慢
新闻”带领我们挖掘新闻的意义。
36. Questioning 考查非谓语动词。设空处与the idea that faster is better
一起在句中作状语，且slow journalism与question之间是逻辑上的主谓
关系，故填Questioning。
37. immediately 考查词形转换。设空处在句中作状语，修饰be
released，应用副词，故填immediately，表示“立刻，马上”。
38. which 考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词
the speed，在从句中作at的宾语，故填which。
39. to do 考查非谓语动词。seek to do sth表示“寻求做某事，试图做
某事”，故填to do。
40. fields 考查名词复数。field在此处意为“领域”，是可数名词，
且前面有all修饰，应用名词的复数形式，故填fields。
41. is allowed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，
此处是对客观事实的描述，应用一般现在时，又因speed与allow之间
是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填is allowed。
42. the 考查冠词。设空处后为best，应用定冠词，故填the。
谢谢观看！Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
维度一：基础题型练
用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1.Jenney （say） that she had never seen the film before.
2.Scarcely had he （finish） his supper when he went out.
3.Bob （think） you would accept his invitation.
4.I found the film hard to follow because it （begin） when I arrived.
5.They （talk） only a few minutes before they found they were quite different in opinions.
6.The news of the earthquake had hardly spread when a large quantity of relief supplies （deliver） to the disaster-stricken area.
7.In the 1950s in the US， most families had just one phone at home， and wireless phones hadn’t （invent） yet.
8.It was the second time that he （rush） out of the classroom without permission.
维度二：语法与写作
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1.那不是他第一次向我们撒谎了。
That was not the first time that he .
2.当我到达公共汽车站时，公共汽车已经开走了。
The bus when I arrived at the bus stop.
3.我原希望你能帮我一把，但是你没有。
I you would give me a hand， but you didn’t.
4.他离开家乡已经三年多了。
It was more than three years since he .
5.我刚解决了这个问题，新问题又出现了。
Hardly when a new one arose.
维度三：语法与语篇
根据汉语提示完成下面的语段。
To be honest， it is the worst day that 1. （我经历过的）.My alarm clock didn’t go off that morning.2. （我起床的时候）， it was 7：30！ I was about to be late！ 3. （我迅速刷牙洗脸之后）， I took up my schoolbag and rushed out the door.Before I arrived at the bus stop， 4. （公交车已经离开了）， so I had to rush to school by myself！
By the time I went into my classroom， 5. （我的老师已经站在教室的前面）.She looked at me angrily and asked for my homework.I was so sad because 6. （我已把它忘在家里了）！ What a bad day！
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷）We journalists live in a new age of storytelling， with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them， it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this： my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read， he reaches out and pokes （戳） the page with his finger.
What’s up with that？ He just likes the pictures， I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused： Is there something wrong with this kid？
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry， kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated， lifeless thing. An antique. Like your grandfather. Well， I may be old， but I’m not hopelessly challenged， digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio.I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience， however： I’ve spent little time in front of a camera， since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing， Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway， grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame！ I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
1.What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2？
A.Provided shelter for me.
B.Became very clear to me.
C.Took the pressure off me.
D.Worked quite well on me.
2.Why did the kid poke the storybook？
A.He took it for a tablet computer.
B.He disliked the colorful pictures.
C.He was angry with his grandpa.
D.He wanted to read it by himself.
3.What does the author think of himself？
A.Socially ambitious.
B.Physically attractive.
C.Financially independent.
D.Digitally competent.
4.What can we learn about the author as a journalist？
A.He lacks experience in his job.
B.He seldom appears on television.
C.He manages a video department.
D.He often interviews internet starts.
B
“A lie can travel halfway around the world before the truth can get its boots on，”said Mark Twain. In today’s Internet world of “fake news”， lies spread even faster and the truth is having trouble finding its boots.
To make matters worse， most young people get news from social media sites where facts are mixed with rumors， half-truths and complete lies. This has led to young people becoming confused. In the latest PISA， which tested 15-year-olds worldwide on academic subjects， fewer than one in ten of the examinees were reported to be able to recognize fact from opinion. A Stanford University study showed that students at all levels of education could not tell real news from fake news. In one instance， 80 per cent thought that a paid advertisement was a real news story.
Fake news is spread by people who have a prejudice.They want to influence public opinion either for or against something or someone. It is important， then， for young people to recognize when they are being used and to be doubtful about online information.
Traditional media， such as newspapers and television， are still the more credible sources of information. Reporters are professional trained to look for facts， and editors have the job of making sure those facts are correct. However，if you are getting most of your information online， you have to be your own editor. In that case， the first thing to do is to look at the writer of a post. Is this person known to be objective？ Does the site where you read the post have a prejudice？ Next，look for other sources from mainstream media to make sure the information. In other words， by putting on your truth boots you won’t be fooled into chasing lies.
5.What does the writer say about young people with news around？
A.They make fake news and spread it.
B.They are easily fooled by fake news.
C.They get worried about their education.
D.They can recognize facts from opinions.
6.What does the underlined word “credible” in the last paragraph mean？
A.Primary. B.Realistic.
C.Believable. D.Important.
7.According to the writer， what can help us avoid being fooled by fake news？
A.Only look for news through media.
B.Become a professional and trained reporter.
C.Compare the news from different sources.
D.Focus on the news instead of the writer.
8.Which of the following is the best title for the passage？
A.What Should a Reporter Do？
B.Who Makes and Spreads Fake News？
C.How Can We Become a Newspaper Editor？
D.How Can We Stay Objective in Reading News？
C
In a new study of more than 50，000 Korean adolescents， those who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of adverse mental health and substance use.Jin Hwa Moon and Jong Ho Cha of Hanyang University Medical Center， Korea， and colleagues presented these findings in the open-access journal PLOS ONE on 6 December 2023.
Previous research has shown that smartphone use among adolescents has increased in recent years， and that this usage may be associated with higher risk of adverse health， such as psychiatric disorders （精神紊乱）， sleep issues， and eye-related problems.
However， growing evidence suggests that at least some daily Internet usage may be associated with better physical and mental health for adolescents.
To deepen understanding of the relationship between adolescents’ use of smartphones and health， Moon， Cha and colleagues analyzed data on more than 50，000 adolescent participants in 2017 and in 2020.The data included the approximate number of daily hours each participant spent on a smartphone as well as various health measures.
The researchers found that in 2020， the percentage of adolescents in the study who used a smartphone more than 2 hours per day was 85.7 per cent — up from 64.3 per cent in 2017.Adolescents who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of stress， thoughts of suicide， and substance use than those with usage below 4 hours per day.However， adolescents that used a smartphone 1－2 hours per day encountered fewer problems than adolescents who did not use a smartphone at all.
The authors note that this study does not confirm a causal relationship between smartphone use and adverse health outcomes.However， the findings could help inform usage guidelines for adolescents — especially if daily usage continues to rise.
9.What does the underlined word “adverse” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？
A.Related. B.Negative.
C.Favorable. D.Positive.
10.What can be inferred about the results of the new study？
A.Smartphone use is harmful to teenagers.
B.A growing number of teenagers use smartphones.
C.A proper amount of smartphone use is beneficial.
D.The more use of smartphones， the higher risks of mental health.
11.How did researchers carry out the study？
A.By comparing different studies.
B.By studying adolescents’ health.
C.By analyzing previous information.
D.By collecting data from participants.
12.What would be the best title for the text？
A.Smartphone Use Among Teenagers on the Rise
B.Smartphone Use Accounting for Poor Mental Health
C.Right Smartphone Use Leading to Fewer Problems in Teenagers
D.Overuse of Smartphones Linked to Mental Health Risks in Teenagers
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Social media has basically taken over almost everyday life for a lot of people. They like to post videos online to share their lives. But sometimes， if you post a video online and your video becomes popular， you may get comments from people who will always find something to complain about. They may spread gossip about you that isn’t true. Negative comments，if they are mishandled， can affect your reputation and mood. 13
First， respond positively and politely.One man’s meat is another man’s poison.Some people like your video while others don’t.No matter how negative the comment is，it’s best for you to give a positive and polite response. 14 Don’t be angry， and stay calm， which helps you gain the upper hand.
Next， moving the conversation out of the public eye and into a private area is usually the best choice. 15 Instead， leave a comment for them， asking them to contact you to discuss the problem in private. This shows everyone that you are willing to address the issue， without needing to make it a public discussion for everyone to see.
16 Often， keyboard warriors （键盘侠） are feeling bad about something in their own lives， so keep in mind that their comments have nothing to do with you. Avoid being negatively influenced by their comments. You totally have the right to delete anything that should not be on your social media page.
How do you recover from those negative comments on social media？ Just laugh them off and let them go. 17 All you can do is keep posting and sharing positive things. When others can see that you are still living a good life， they will be encouraged by you.
A.You can’t control what other people do.
B.Then how should we address negative comments？
C.So when should you actually ignore negative comments？
D.Finally， set boundaries and don’t reply if they try to start an argument.
E.However， don’t send a direct message to the negative comment makers.
F.This shows that you care about everyone else on your social media page.
G.Each comment needs to be considered on the basis of facts and theories.
13. 14. 15.
16. 17.
Ⅲ.完形填空
Have you seen people who take pictures of food for more than 10 minutes before eating？ My friend Stella is such an example. Every time we went to a restaurant， she would not take a bite until all the dishes we 18 were on the table. Then she would spend five minutes in 19 the dishes in a seemingly random but in fact 20 order. Then came the most important part： taking pictures. After that， she would choose one of the 21 and click in the filter （滤镜） app.The food eventually looked 10 times more delicious than it really was， but we had no 22 to really enjoy it — it all went cold.Actually Stella’s real life is much less elegant.For example， she hates to wash the dishes， so she leaves them in the sink for days.
Many people care too much about others’ opinions and try too hard to 23 others. They find it hard to be 24 and to accept themselves， and thus they are afraid to show their 25 lives on social media. What they are trying to prove is 26 what they lack in reality. But this will not bring any 27 to reality， as they still 28 the same old pattern of life.
If they really want an elegant life， they should put more 29 into achieving it 30 fabricating （捏造） it.Being more confident， 31 themselves and trying their best to be better are much more meaningful than 32 their lives on social media.
18.A.ordered B.served
C.offered D.prepared
19.A.cooking B.washing
C.setting D.collecting
20.A.messy B.arranged
C.casual D.missed
21.A.dishes B.restaurants
C.tables D.pictures
22.A.chance B.choice
C.excuse D.reason
23.A.comfort B.please
C.inspire D.discourage
24.A.independent B.generous
C.responsible D.confident
25.A.real B.secret
C.peaceful D.healthy
26.A.rarely B.hardly
C.exactly D.nearly
27.A.difficulty B.change
C.guidance D.harm
28.A.question B.dislike
C.doubt D.follow
29.A.effort B.ambitions
C.feelings D.money
30.A.other than B.more than
C.rather than D.less than
31.A.identifying B.accepting
C.persuading D.amusing
32.A.simplifying B.ruining
C.beautifying D.worsening
Ⅳ.语法填空
Speed is the disease of the digital age. In 33 （today） newsrooms， the pressure to publish stories at an increasingly fast rate often means that reporters are only able to complete a surface-level analysis.A Canadian journalist writes，“Today we are 34 （addict） to speed.Every moment of the day feels like a race against the clock， a dash （赛跑） to a finish line that we never seem to reach.”
But when 35 comes to understanding the complex world around us， there is another way to reach a more meaningful destination： slow journalism. 36 （question） the idea that faster is better， slow journalism is about taking the time to report the news with close attention and more depth.
There will always be a need for information to be released 37 （immediate） — say， news about natural disasters or financial markets.Slow journalism can’t reduce the speed at 38 this kind of news is produced， nor does it seek 39 （do） so.Slow journalism is a critical theory encouraging journalists working in all 40 （field） to be mindful of the way journalism is changing.Sometimes journalists need a reminder that when speed 41 （allow） to take the lead， it comes at the cost of analysis， of context， of complexity.Slow journalism shows that we can have 42 best of both worlds.We just need to pause and think every now and then.
33. 34. 35.
36. 37. 38.
39. 40. 41.
42.
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
基础知识自测
维度一
1.said 2.finished 3.had thought 4.had begun 5.had talked 6.were delivered 7.been invented 8.had rushed
维度二
1.had lied to us
2.had already gone
3.had hoped
4.had left his hometown
5.had I solved the problem
维度三
1.I have ever experienced
2.When I got up
3.After I had brushed my teeth and washed my face quickly
4.the bus had already left
5.my teacher had stood in the front of the classroom
6.I had left it at home
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者从两岁的孙子在读图画书时像点击电脑屏幕一样用手指去戳页面，到他自己偶然被《中国日报》请去做视频节目成为片刻网红的一些小故事，说明当今多媒体工具繁多的时代是一个不同于以往的时代。
1.B 第一段讲到记者们如今拥有许多多媒体工具，生活在一个新的“讲故事”时代。许多年轻人并未意识到它的新，对他们来说，这很平常。第二段第一句中的This就是指代的这种现象。由此可知，画线词的意思为“对我来说很清楚”。
2.A 第三段第一次提到孙子用手指戳图画书的现象，第四段讲到翻页后孩子继续戳书，还更加用力，令他费解。第五段解释了他终于明白的真相：孩子不熟悉书。小孩的父亲经常用平板电脑逗他玩，那上面的彩色图片一戳就会动起来。他以为这故事书也是那样，所以小孩把它当作平板电脑了。
3.D 根据第六段内容可知，作者进行了一番自评，说自己可能已经老了，但在数字技术方面，并未感到令人绝望的困难。他编辑视频并制作音频，使用移动支付，甚至建立了网站。由此可知，作者认为自己在数字技术方面还是很有能力的。
4.B 倒数第二段第一句讲到了作者在新媒体体验中的一个欠缺，就是由于容貌方面的原因很少出镜。后面说《中国日报》让他在视频上分享了一个关于京津冀一体化的故事，他很想让孙子看到这个难得的露脸机会。由此可以推断，作为一个记者，他很少在电视上露面。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。互联网上假新闻比真新闻传播得更快，年轻人应该警惕被带有偏见的假新闻传播者利用。为获得真实的新闻，建议人们选择更专业的传统媒体，或者在网上获取新闻时对其进行判断和确认。
5.B 推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三、四句可知，面对各种各样的新闻，年轻人很困惑，大多数人无法辨别新闻的真伪。由此可推知，年轻人很容易被假新闻愚弄。
6.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，传统媒体，如报纸和电视，仍然是更可信的信息来源，故credible与believable含义相近。
7.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可推知，比较来自不同来源的新闻可以帮助我们避免被假新闻愚弄。
8.D 标题归纳题。根据第二段可知，年轻人很容易被假新闻愚弄；最后一段说明了一些可以帮助我们避免被假新闻愚弄的方法。D项（我们如何在阅读新闻时保持客观？）为文章最佳标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项针对5万多名韩国青少年的新研究中，那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率。
9.B 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的Adolescents who used a smartphone ...than those with usage below 4 hours per day.可知，画线词所在句子表示“那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率”。画线词adverse和negative意思相近。
10.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，适量使用智能手机是有益的。
11.D 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，研究人员通过收集参与者的数据来进行这项研究。
12.D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是在一项针对5万多名韩国青少年的新研究中，那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率。因此D项（过度使用手机与青少年心理健康风险有关）为本文最佳标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何处理网上的负面评论提出了一些建议。
13.B 根据上文可知，遇到负面评论，需要处理得当。而下文则给出建议。由此判断，B项（那么我们应该如何处理负面评论呢？）承上启下，符合语境。
14.F 根据段首句可知，本段作者建议读者积极礼貌地回复。根据空后一句可知，作者建议读者要礼貌。F项（这表明你关心你社交媒体页面上的每个人）与上下文内容一致，符合语境。F项中的This指代上文的to give a positive and polite response。
15.E 根据下文可知，作者建议不要直接给那些进行负面评论的人发消息，而是给他们留言，让他们联系你私下讨论这个问题。让所有人都看到，你愿意解决这个问题，而不需要公开讨论。E项（但是，不要直接发送消息给负面评论的制造者）与下文衔接自然，符合语境。
16.D 空处为段首句，为本段主旨句。根据下文可知，要避免被键盘侠的评论所影响。必要时，可删除这些评论。D项（最后，设定界限，如果他们试图挑起争论，不要回复）可概括本段内容，D项中的Finally暗示这是最后一条建议。
17.A 根据下文All you can do is keep posting and sharing positive things.可知，下文谈的是你能做的。A项（你不能控制别人做什么）与下文内容衔接自然，符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。现在一些人在社交媒体上过度美化自己的生活，作者认为这是不自信、不敢接受自己造成的。如果想要优雅的生活，他们应该更加努力地去实现它，而不是制造假象。
18.A 根据句意可知，此处是指作者与朋友点的菜被端上桌。
19.C 根据下文的Then came the most important part： taking pictures.可推测，她要把菜品摆好来拍照。
20.B 根据语境和空前的but可知，此处应选择一个和random意思相反的词。messy杂乱的；arranged布置好的；casual随意的。
21.D 根据上文的taking pictures可知，此处指“照片”，pictures是原词复现。
22.A 根据上下文语境可知，此处是指因为有人拍照，所以食物变凉了，使大家错过了真正享受美食的机会。
23.B 根据空前的Many people care too much about others’ opinions可知，此处指取悦别人。comfort安慰；please使高兴；inspire激励；discourage使泄气。
24.D 根据空后的thus they are afraid to show their 25 lives on social media可知，他们觉得接受自己很困难。由此推测，他们不自信。independent独立的；generous慷慨的；responsible负责的；confident自信的。
25.A 根据空后的what they lack in reality可知，此处是指人们在社交媒体上展示的东西恰好是自己现实生活中所缺乏的。real lives和reality相呼应。
26.C 参见上题解析。rarely很少；hardly几乎不；exactly恰好；nearly几乎。
27.B 根据空后的as they still 28 the same old pattern of life可知，他们的现实生活并没有改变。
28.D 根据still和the same可推断，此处是指他们依然按原来的方式生活。
29.A 根据常识可知，想要美好的生活，就必须付出努力。
30.C 根据语境可知，上下文是对比关系。other than除了；more than超过；rather than而不是；less than少于。
31.B 根据上文的They find it hard to be 24 and to accept themselves可知，此处指“接受”。identify识别；accept接受；persuade说服；amuse使高兴。
32.C 根据第一段中的After that， she would choose one of the 21 and click in the filter （滤镜） app.可知，此处指在社交媒体上美化自己的生活。simplify简化；ruin毁掉；beautify美化；worsen （使）恶化。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在追求速度的新媒体时代，让“慢新闻”带领我们挖掘新闻的意义。
33.today’s 考查名词所有格。根据句意可知，newsrooms与提示词today之间是所属关系，设空处应用名词所有格，故填today’s。
34.addicted 考查词形转换。设空处作表语，应用形容词，故填addicted，此处表示“对……上瘾”。
35.it 考查代词。when it comes to （doing） sth为固定搭配，表示“当涉及（做）某事的情况、事情或问题时”。
36.Questioning 考查非谓语动词。设空处与the idea that faster is better一起在句中作状语，且slow journalism与question之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填Questioning。
37.immediately 考查词形转换。设空处在句中作状语，修饰be released，应用副词，故填immediately，表示“立刻，马上”。
38.which 考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词the speed，在从句中作at的宾语，故填which。
39.to do 考查非谓语动词。seek to do sth表示“寻求做某事，试图做某事”，故填to do。
40.fields 考查名词复数。field在此处意为“领域”，是可数名词，且前面有all修饰，应用名词的复数形式，故填fields。
41.is allowed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处是对客观事实的描述，应用一般现在时，又因speed与allow之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填is allowed。
42.the 考查冠词。设空处后为best，应用定冠词，故填the。
7 / 7Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
过去完成时
1.By this time， the fire had extended to the 15th floor.
2.There is concern that the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules.
3.He regularly visited the library and studied English and law — by then he had learned very little English.
4.Pulitzer quickly became a successful journalist and by the age of 25， he had become a publisher.
5.He used the same business strategy he had employed at the St Louis Post-Dispatch ...
【我的发现】
（1）过去完成时用来描述过去某一时间 发生的动作或存在的状态。
（2）过去完成时由“ ”构成。
一、过去完成时的定义
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或事件之前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态，对过去的某一方面造成了某种影响或结果。
二、过去完成时的构成
基本结构：had＋过去分词
1.肯定句：主语＋had＋过去分词＋其他
By the end of last year， we had produced 20，000 cars.
到去年年底，我们已经生产了两万辆汽车。
2.否定句：主语＋had＋not＋过去分词＋其他
I didn’t know the way to John’s house because I hadn’t been there before.
我不知道去约翰家的路，因为我之前没去过。
3.一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had.
否定回答：No，主语＋hadn’t.
—Had you organised similar activities before you participated in the activity？
—Yes， I had./No， I hadn’t.
——在参加这项活动之前你组织过类似的活动吗？
——是，我组织过。/没有，我没组织过。
4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词（或词组）＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
Where had you been before you came to China？
你来中国之前还去过哪儿？
【即时演练1】 完成句子
①I there was nothing more appealing to me than reading books.
我发现没有什么比读书更吸引我的了。
②John felt rather blue because he on his final exams as he had expected to.
约翰很难过， 因为他的期末考试未能如他所预期的那么好。
③I heard you began collecting stamps in February.How many stamps ？
我听说你从二月份开始集邮。到去年底你已经收集到多少了？
三、过去完成时的基本用法
1.表示在过去某一时间或事件之前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。常有by、 before等引导的时间状语作为标志， 也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示， 还可以通过上下文来表示。
I had learnt 5，000 words before I entered the university.
我在上大学之前就已经学了5000个单词。
When the explorer hurried to the destination， the others had already left.
当这名探险者匆忙赶到目的地的时候，其他人已经离开了。
2.表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态。常用的时间状语有before、 by then、 by the time、 by the end of、 by the time＋从句等。
John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage.
约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
We had got everything ready by the time they arrived.
在他们到达之前，我们已经做好了一切准备。
By the end of last term， we had learned English at least for four years.
到上个学期末，我们至少已经学了四年英语了。
3.表示“愿望，打算”的动词（如hope、 want、 expect、 think、 mean、 suppose、 plan、 intend等）用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而没有实现的愿望或计划。
I had never thought that you were content to help me.
我从未想过你愿意帮助我。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you.
我们本来希望能来看看你的。
I had meant to tell Mike the good news， but found that he wasn’t at home.
我本打算把这个好消息告诉迈克，但发现他不在家。
4.用在told、 said、 knew、 heard、 thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
He said that he had known her well.
他说他对她很熟悉。
He told me he had worked in that factory since 2022.
他告诉我自从2022年以来他就在那家工厂工作了。
【即时演练2】 完成句子
①They but couldn’t get there in time.
他们本来想帮忙，但没能及时赶到那里。
②I had finished my homework .
晚饭前我已经完成了家庭作业。
③He said that great changes .
他说，自2019年以来，他的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
④When the police found him， the man .
当警察找到他时，这名男子已经在山洞里待了将近一个月。
⑤I yesterday， but I had an unexpected visitor.
昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。
四、过去完成时的常用固定句型
1.过去完成时可以用于hardly/scarcely ...when ...和no sooner ...than ...句型结构中，表示“一……就……”。
I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.
＝No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
我刚到家就开始下雨了。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，观众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he began to investigate the false news.
他刚到就开始调查这条假新闻。
2.It was＋一段时间＋since从句（从句用过去完成时）
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我离开北京至少有三个月了。
3.It was the first/second/...time＋that从句（从句用过去完成时）
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
It was the second time that he had travelled along the ancient Silk Road.
这是他第二次沿着古丝绸之路旅行。
五、过去完成时和一般过去时的区别
1.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，常与具体的过去时间状语连用（如ago、 yesterday、 last week、 in 2022、 when 引导的过去时间状语从句等）。
We were all excited when we took part in the sports meeting.
当我们参加运动会时，我们都很兴奋。
Two students hosted our school sports meeting last month.
上个月两名学生主持了我们学校的运动会。
2.过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态之前，因此它表示的是“过去的过去”。
The headmaster had made a speech before the sports meeting began.
运动会开始之前，校长发表了讲话。
Though some students hadn’t joined in the activity before， they tried their best.
虽然一些学生以前没参加过这项活动，但他们都尽力了。
I didn’t know a thing about the verbs， for I had not studied my lesson.
我对动词一无所知， 因为我没有好好学习功课。
【即时演练3】 完成句子/句型转换
①He at 6 o’clock.
他是在6点钟的时候做了那项工作。
②It was the third time that he that year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了。
③I had no sooner finished the work than the light went out.
→No sooner the light went out.
④He had hardly finished eating when he heard a knock at the door.
→Hardly he heard a knock at the door.
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
accuse vt.谴责，控诉
【教材原句】 His paper published articles about politics and social issues， accusing government officials of dishonesty and wealthy people of not paying their taxes.
他的报纸刊登关于政治和社会问题的文章，谴责政府官员满口谎言和富人逃税。
【用法】
（1）accuse sb of （doing） sth＝charge sb with （doing） sth 指责/控告某人（做）某事
accuse sb for sth 为某事指责某人
（2）the accused 被告
（3）accusation n. 指责；谴责；控告
【佳句】 Although he apologized to them， they still accused him of having broken his word.
尽管他向他们道了歉，但他们仍指责他没遵守承诺。
【联想】 “动词＋sb＋of sth”集锦：
①cheat sb of sth 骗取某人某物
②inform sb of sth 通知某人某事
③remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事
④warn sb of sth 警告某人某事
【练透】 单句语法填空
①On the other hand， they could be in trouble if someone accused them ignoring their right.
②The officer denied the （accuse） that it was involved in the murder.
③For lack of enough evidence， the （accuse） was allowed to go free.
【写美】 一句多译
④这位男士被控告偷了这位女士的金戒指。
→
（accuse）
→
（charge）
mount vi.逐步增加 vt.攀登，爬上 n.山
【教材原句】 He used the same business strategy he had employed at the St Louis Post-Dispatch and sales of the newspaper mounted up until it was the bestselling newspaper in the country.
他采用了他在《圣路易斯邮报》所采用的同样的商业策略，报纸的销量不断攀升，直到它成为全国最畅销的报纸。
【用法】
（1）mount up （尺寸和数量上）增加，上升
（2）mount stairs 登上台阶
mount the stage 走上舞台
mount a horse 骑上马
mount a protest/campaign 发起抗议/运动
【佳句】 When I first mounted the Great Wall， I could hardly find words to express how beautiful the scenery was.
当我第一次登上长城时，我几乎找不到语言来表达风景是多么美。
【用准】 mount作动词讲时，还有“走上，登上；骑上（马、自行车等）；发起；组织，举办”之意。
【练透】 写出加黑单词的词性和词义
①The professor mounted the stage and began to make a speech.
②The gallery has mounted an exhibition of art by a famous woman painter.
③The boy quickly mounted his horse and rode away.
【写美】 完成句子
④In spite of all his efforts， his debts continued to .
尽管他做了最大的努力，他的债务还在继续增加。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：动词不定式（短语）作后置定语
【教材原句】 Pulitzer was the first to advocate the training of journalists at university level.
普利策是第一个倡导在大学层面培养记者的。
【用法】
（1）the first/last/best/right/only/very＋...＋名词＋to do sth 第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/合适的/唯一/恰好……做某事的……
（2）当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级以及the next、 the only、 the last、 the very等词修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
（3）当被修饰的词是抽象名词plan、 ability、 chance、 opportunity、 time、 way等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
【品悟】 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达想法的能力和想法本身一样重要。
【写美】 完成句子
①I don’t think him to be because he is very careless.
我认为他不是做这项工作的最佳人选，因为他很粗心。
② was from New York.
下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。
③I get in Europe.
我获得了一个去欧洲观光的机会。
④We are very busy and we all on weekends.
我们都很忙，周末也有很多工作要做。
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）之前 （2）had＋过去分词
即时演练1
①had discovered that ②had not done as well
③had you collected by the end of last year
即时演练2
①had wanted to help ②before I had supper ③had taken place in his hometown since 2019 ④had been in the cave for nearly a month ⑤had intended to call on you
即时演练3
①did the work ②had been out of work ③had I finished the work than ④had he finished eating when
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①of ②accusation ③accused
④The man was accused of stealing the woman’s gold ring.
The man was charged with stealing the woman’s gold ring.
2.①vt.走上，登上 ②vt.举办 ③vt.骑上 ④mount up
Part Ⅱ
①the best man to do the job ②The next train to arrive ③a chance to go sightseeing ④have a lot of work to do
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