(共89张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Grammar and usage
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
3
课时检测·提能力
2
核心知识·巧突破
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态
1. When my breathing returned to normal， I reflected on what had just
been achieved.
2. Six weeks ago， my friends told me that a city half-marathon for
amateurs was being organized to help raise money for charity， and
encouraged me to take part.
3. I ran my race relaxed and confident，even though my limits were being
tested like never before.
4. I was happy to learn that a lot of money had been raised for charity.
【我的发现】
（1）在句2、3中，加蓝部分为 ，它表
示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做，基本构成形式
为 。
（2）在句1、4中，加蓝部分为 ，它表
示在过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作，基本构成形式
为 。
过去进行时的被动语态
was/were being done
过去完成时的被动语态
had been done
一、过去进行时的被动语态
1. 定义
过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。谓语
动词的主语是动作的承受者而不是发出者。
The last time I went back to my hometown， a big power station was
being built there.
上次我回家乡时，那里正在修建一个大电厂。
2. 构成形式
过去进行时的被动语态构成形式为was/were being done。
（1）肯定句：主语＋was/were being done＋其他。
Another bridge was being constructed over the Yellow River
then.
那时黄河上正在建设另一座大桥。
（2）否定句：主语＋was/were not being done＋其他。
The advertisement wasn’t being broadcast at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候没有播放这条广告。
（3）一般疑问句：Was/Were＋主语＋being done＋其他？
Were the witnesses being questioned by police when you got
there last night？
昨天晚上你到那儿的时候，警方是不是正在询问目击者？
（4）特殊疑问句：疑问词或词组＋was/were＋（主语＋） being
done＋其他？
What was being done to the machine then？
那时正对这台机器采取什么措施？
3. 基本用法
（1）过去进行时的被动语态强调在过去的某个时间点或某一段时
间正在进行的被动动作。常与过去进行时的被动语态连用的
时间状语有then、 at this time yesterday、 at that moment、
yesterday afternoon、 in 2022及when、 the moment等时间状语
或时间状语从句。
Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候他们正在植树。
（2）过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：过
去进行时的被动语态强调在过去的某个时间点或某一段时间
正在进行的被动动作，而一般过去时的被动语态表示的是某
个被动的动作已经发生了。
Several patients were being treated in the local hospital then.（表
示正在进行的被动动作）
当时有几个病人正在当地医院接受治疗。
Several patients were treated in the local hospital then.（表示过
去发生的被动动作）
当时有几个病人在当地医院接受治疗。
【即时演练1】 完成句子
①Many new inventions in the
museum at this time last year.
许多新发明去年的这个时候正在博物馆被展出。
②He didn’t stay in my room last night because it
.
昨天晚上他没有住在我房间里，因为我的房间正在维修。
③He yesterday afternoon.
他昨天下午正在接受我们经理的面试。
were being exhibited/on exhibition
was being
repaired/under repair
was being interviewed by our director
二、过去完成时的被动语态
1. 定义
过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已
经发生或完成，且主语与谓语动词之间存在被动关系。
The room had been cleaned when we arrived.
当我们到达的时候，房间已经打扫干净了。
2. 构成形式
过去完成时的被动语态构成形式为had been done。
3. 基本用法
（1）用在told、 said、 knew、 thought等动词后的宾语从句中，表
示宾语从句中的动作已被完成。
He said that the books had already been sold out.
他说书已经卖完了。
He told us that bottles of water for runners had been prepared.
他告诉我们，他已经为跑步者准备了瓶装水。
（2）当before、 when、 by the time、 until等引导的时间状语从句的
谓语是一般过去时，以及by、 before后接过去的时间时，主句
的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，
要用过去完成时的被动语态。
By the time the coach came in， the first round of training had
been completed.
当教练进来的时候，第一轮训练已经完成了。
The injured had been sent to hospital before the reporters arrived
at the spot.
在记者到达现场之前，伤者已被送往医院。
Hardly had the front door been opened when we could hear the
applause for winners.
前门刚打开，我们就听到了献给获奖者的掌声。
（3）在It was the first/second/ ...time that ...从句中，主语是动作的承
受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
It was the first time that I had been criticized in public.
这是我第一次被当众批评。
（4）在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去的事实相反，且主语是动
作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
If I had been invited earlier， I would have gone with you.
如果我早点被邀请，我就和你一起去了。
【即时演练2】 句型转换
①It was the first time that he had told me his life story.（that从句改为被
动语态）
→
②This is the first time that the painting has been shown to the public.（将
句中的is改为was）
→
It was the first time that I had been told his life story by him./It was
the first time that his life story had been told to me by him.
This was the first time that the painting had been shown to the
public.
③He said he had sent the injured man to the nearest hospital.（改为被动
语态）
→
He said the injured man had been sent to the nearest hospital by
him.
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
2
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
limit n.限度，限制；限量，限额；界限 vt.限制，限定；限量，减量
【教材原句】 I ran my race relaxed and confident， even though my
limits were being tested like never before.
我轻松自信地跑着比赛，尽管自己的极限正受到前所未有的考验。
【用法】
（1）set a limit to ... 对……规定限度
beyond the limit 超过限度
there is a/no limit to 对……是有限的/无限的
limit ...to ... 把……限定在……范围内
（2）limited adj. 有限的
be limited to 受限于……，局限到……
（3）limitless adj. 无限制的，无界限的
【佳句】 The only limit to our realization of tomorrow is our doubts of
today.
实现明天理想的唯一障碍是今天的疑虑。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The length of the article should （limit） to 400 words
or so.
②The amount of money we have is so （limit） that we can’t
buy the new house.
③If you study hard，you will find your （limit） power.
be limited
limited
limitless
【写美】 完成句子
④In my opinion， you had better the expense of your
trip.
在我看来，你最好给你旅行的费用定一个限度。
set a limit to
pour vt.& vi.倒，斟；倾倒，倒出；涌流，倾泻；下大雨
【教材原句】 Cathy and I quickly poured water into the cups for them.
凯茜和我赶紧把水倒进杯子里给他们喝。
【用法】
pour down （雨）倾盆而下；倾泻；涌流
pour ...into ... 把……倒进……；向……投入……
pour out/open your heart to sb
向某人敞开心扉；向某人倾诉衷肠
【佳句】 He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to
my dogs.
他把瓶子里的水倒入他手里，然后喂给我的狗喝。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Up to now， the government has poured millions the education
system.
②It was the first time that Anne had poured out her heart her
mother.
into
to
【写美】 完成句子
③No sooner had I reached home than it .
我一回到家雨就倾盆而下了。
poured down
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：形容词（短语）作状语
【教材原句】 I ran my race relaxed and confident， even though my
limits were being tested like never before.
我轻松自信地跑着比赛，尽管自己的极限正受到前所未有的考验。
【用法】
（1）形容词（短语）作状语时，通常说明主语的情况，即表示主语
的性质、特点或处于某种状态等。
（2）形容词（短语）作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随情况等，可
位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
【品悟】 To his parents’ great relief， he came back， safe and sound.
他父母松了一口气，他安然无恙地回来了。
Eager for success， he tried to catch every chance to show himself.因为
渴望成功，他抓住每次机会展示自己。
【练透】 单句语法填空
① （surprise） and afraid， Tom ran out of the room.
②When it was his turn to deliver his speech， Tom walked towards the
microphone， nervous and （embarrass）.
【写美】 完成句子
③After the long journey， the three of them went back home，
.
长途旅行后他们三人回家了，又饿又累。
Surprised
embarrassed
hungry
and tired
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. He felt that his talents （waste） as a basketball
player and was eager for a change.
2. By the time he got to the school， the first period
（finish）.
were being wasted
had been finished
3. Tom said that his house （rebuild） so he had to
rent one instead.
4. I didn’t enter the bookstore when passing by it， for it
（decorate） then.
5. All eyes were on the television monitor where a horse race
（broadcast）.
6. If the new safety system （put） to use， the accident
would never have happened.
was being rebuilt
was being
decorated
was being
broadcast
had been put
7. When we went into the chemistry lab， an experiment
（conduct） by our tutor.
8. The president （interview） by the presenter
the moment I entered the office.
9. The residents， whose homes （damage） by
the fire， were given help by the Red Cross.
10. The new TV sets （promote） in the
shopping center at that time.That was why so many people were
gathering there.
was being
conducted
was being interviewed
had been damaged
were being promoted
维度二：语法与写作
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. 在2024年前，好几颗人造卫星发射升空了。
Before 2024， quite a few man-made satellites
.
2. 昨天这个时候，那个女学生正在被她的英语老师表扬。
The girl student at this
time yesterday.
3. 突然，我发现我正被一个陌生人跟着。
Suddenly， I found that I by a stranger.
had been launched
into space
was being praised by her English teacher
was being followed
4. 他说这本书已被翻译成20多种语言了。
He said this book over 20 languages.
5. 消息传来，李华已经被北京大学录取了。
Word came that Li Hua Peking
University.
had been translated into
had been admitted to/into
维度三：语法与语篇
根据汉语提示完成下面的语段。
On 3 September last year， 1.
（这座城市遭受了严重的洪水袭击）.By 9 p.m. that day， 2.
（几座几百年
前建造的寺庙已经被毁）.Later it was reported that dozens of people had
been injured and 3.
（几十辆汽车被洪水冲走了）.The government called on everyone to
fight the disaster actively and soon 4.
（洪水得到了控制）.
the city was hit by severe floods
several
temples built hundreds of years ago had been destroyed
scores of cars had been washed away by the floods
the floods were brought under
control
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Over the weekend， social media was excited about a heart-stopping
（使人非常兴奋的） gymnastic routine and we have UCLA athlete
Katelyn Ohashi to thank. The routine itself is only ninety seconds long，
but the excellent athlete jumped， flipped， turned， and showed off her
incredible talent across the floor to a combination of R&B and soul music.
Ohashi earned a well-deserved perfect 10 from the judges and her
performance eventually led the UCLA to victory at the end of the
competition.
But the best part？ This isn’t the first time she’s gone viral — it’s the
second time in a year she’s achieved eye-catching fame， and it’s for good
reason.At the 2018 Pac 12 Championships， Ohashi performed an
awesome floor routine featured a combination of Michael Jackson’s hits.
Ohashi exudes （流露） joy in her performances， and she’s not
afraid to smile widely when she knows she’s done well.It’s acceptable，
because it’s clear she’s having fun， a rare sight in the field of professional
sports. Born in Seattle， Ohashi did four years on the USA Gymnastic’s
junior national team， and won the 2013 American Cup. But behind the
scenes， things weren’t so great.
Ohashi was under intense pressure competing at the elite （精英）
level.Fans told her she wasn’t good enough， and she was under pressure
to be thin. Ultimately， she decided to walk away from elite gymnastics to
become a college athlete. She underwent surgery for a broken back and two
torn shoulders in 2014. These injuries kept her away from the sport until
2015 when she joined the UCLA Bruins gymnastics team for the 2015－
2016 season.
“There was a time when I was on top of the world， an Olympic
hopeful. I was unbeatable until I wasn’t，” Ohashi said.“It hurt. But it
also took me finding Ms Val and the UCLA and having a different goal and
path to follow， to finally find joy and love within the sport again， which
I haven’t been able to feel in a long time.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了奥哈希在大学体操
赛中因精彩的表演而获得成功以及她从体操运动中重获快乐的故
事。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了奥哈希在大学体操
赛中因精彩的表演而获得成功以及她从体操运动中重获快乐的故
事。
1. What does the underlined phrase “gone viral” in Paragraph 2 probably
mean？
A. Become popular.
B. Appear suddenly.
C. Change surprisingly.
D. Succeed unexpectedly.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文中的it’s the second time
in a year she’s achieved eye-catching fame可知，画线短语所在部分表
示“这已经不是她第一次走红了”。由此可猜测，画线短语的意思
是“走红”，A项（变得受欢迎）与其含义相似。
2. What do we know about Katelyn Ohashi？
A. She was little-known until recently.
B. Her gymnastic skills improved in the UCLA.
C. She won her first victory in the UCLA.
D. Her gymnastic career wasn’t always full of joy.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，奥哈希在体操表演
中流露出喜悦；再结合第三段最后一句及第四段内容可知，奥哈希
在其体操生涯中也面临着巨大的压力，且曾因伤退出这一运动。综
上可推知，奥哈希的体操生涯并不总是充满快乐。
3. How does Ohashi sound in the end？
A. Regretful. B. Appreciative.
C. Humorous. D. Confused.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段奥哈希说的话可知，虽然经
历过失意，但她遇到了瓦尔女士并加入了加州大学洛杉矶分校体操
队，找到了不同的目标和道路，最终在这项运动中再次感受到快乐
和爱。由此可推知，奥哈希应是心怀感激的。
4. What is the most suitable title for the text？
A. Regain Self-Confidence
B. Battle Against Ill Remarks
C. Go Beyond Physical Limits
D. Rediscover Joy of Gymnastics
解析： 标题归纳题。结合全文可知，奥哈希因压力过大退出了
体操精英赛，转而参加大学体操赛，并取得辉煌的成绩，重新找到
了体操给她带来的快乐。故D项（重新发现体操的乐趣）最适合作
为本文标题。
B
Working out can help teenagers boost their grades， a new study
suggests.Adolescents who routinely engaged in light to intense exercise
showed long-term improvements in their academic performance， the
British Journal of Sports Medicine study reported.
“Our study suggests that the effect of physical activity may be quite
large，” John Reilly， a professor at the University of Strathclyde
said.The researchers looked at a sample of about 5，000 children who
were involved in a long-term study that tracks children born in the UK
between 2004 and 2005.When children reached 11 years old， their daily
physical activity levels were measured using an accelerometer （加速器）
for three to seven days.The device， similar to a pedometer tracking the
number of steps taken， recorded the average time children exercised，
which was 29 minutes a day for boys and 18 for girls.
“The actual levels of daily physical activity at age 11 were quite
low，” Mr Reilly noted.The children had their academic performance
tested at ages 11 and 13 with compulsory national tests for students， and
also at 15 or 16 with the General Certificate of Secondary Education
（GCSE） exam.The tests assessed the children’s abilities in English，
math and science subjects.The results showed that the more children
participated in light to intense physical activity， the higher their test
scores were at age 11 in all three subjects.For girls， science scores were
most strongly linked to exercise.
When children were tested again at age 13， their academic scores
were still linked to how much they had exercised when they were 11 years
old.By the time the youngsters took the GCSE exam， each 17-minute-per-
day increase in physical activity for the boys was linked to an improvement
in their scores.Every additional 12-minute increase a day in exercise for the
girls was also linked to an increased score， especially in the science
category.
The researchers have called for more studies to look at the possible
academic benefits that could be if students exercised the
recommended 60 minutes or more a day.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于锻炼能帮助青
少年提高学习成绩的研究结果。
derived
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于锻炼能帮助青
少年提高学习成绩的研究结果。
5. What’s the study about？
A. The secrets of students’ ranking high in class.
B. The influence of exercise on students’ scores.
C. The causes of students’ participating in sports.
D. The ways of improving students’ physical conditions.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段首句可知，这项研究是关于锻
炼能帮助青少年提高学习成绩的，即运动对学生成绩的影响。
6. What can we learn from the study？
A. Students at age 11 do more exercise than at other ages.
B. Boys at age 13 get more benefits by doing more exercise.
C. Girls’ science scores are more closely related to exercise.
D. More and more students do exercise to improve their scores.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的For girls， science scores
were most strongly linked to exercise.可知，研究显示女孩子的科学成
绩跟运动关系更加密切。
7. What does the underlined word “derived” in the last paragraph
probably mean？
A. Maintained. B. Reduced.
C. Concluded. D. Obtained.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据最后一段内容可知，研究人员呼吁进
行更多的研究，看看如果学生每天锻炼建议的60分钟或更长时间，
可能得到的学术益处。再根据上文的研究结果可知，锻炼能够带来
学习成绩的提高。由此可以推断出，画线词的意思是“得到；获
得”。
8. What is the main purpose of the passage？
A. To emphasize the importance of exercise.
B. To explain the academic difference between boys and girls.
C. To present a method to improve children’s academic performance.
D. To introduce a study on the relevance between exercise and academic
benefits.
解析： 写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项关于锻炼
与学业益处之间相关性的研究。
C
The 71st annual Boston Marathon was held on 19 April 1967.This day
was filled with freezing rain， snow and strong winds.However， for one
participant named Kathrine Switzer， the weather conditions were the least
of her worries.Kathrine was the first and only registered female runner in
the marathon and she had something to prove.
The first few miles were a piece of cake for Kathrine.Then around
mile four， she realized someone was chasing her.She turned around and
was startled to see an angry face just inches away. It was the race director
（赛事总监）， Jock Semple.
“Get the hell out of my race and give me those numbers！” Jock
yelled.As he said this， he grabbed Kathrine and tried ripping her race
numbers off her sweatshirt.Kathrine was so shocked and terrified.As Jock
clung to her sweatshirt， Kathrine struggled to break free.
Kathrine felt awful. She thought about dropping out， but soon she
knew that wasn’t an option.“If I quit， nobody would ever believe that
women had the capability to run 26-plus miles.If I quit， everybody
would say it was a show.If I quit， it would set women’s sports back，
way back， instead of forward ...”
While all this thinking was going on，Kathrine continued， until she
found herself nearing the finish pletely soaked and greeted by
only a handful of reporters， none of whom cheered， Kathrine completed
the race in a time of 4 hours and 20 minutes.The race was over， but her
pursuit of change was just beginning.
She was a primary force behind getting women officially accepted
into the Boston marathon in 1972.Her leadership also paved the way for the
International Olympic Committee to admit the women’s marathon into the
1984 Olympic Games.Her number 261 on that historic day in Boston has
also become a symbol of fearlessness for millions of women worldwide.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了凯瑟琳·斯威策为争取女
子参加马拉松运动而作出的努力。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了凯瑟琳·斯威策为争取女
子参加马拉松运动而作出的努力。
9. What did Kathrine hope to achieve in the 71st Boston Marathon？
A. Being a registered runner.
B. Proving women’s athletic ability.
C. Instructing her friend as a coach.
D. Providing service as a volunteer.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段末句以及第四段第二句可推
知，凯瑟琳希望在第71届波士顿马拉松比赛中证明女子的运动
能力。
10. Why did Jock Semple chase Kathrine？
A. To follow her pace.
B. To defeat her in the race.
C. To force her to quit.
D. To remind her of the rules.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，乔克·森普尔追
着凯瑟琳是想逼她退出比赛。
11. What is mainly discussed about Kathrine in the last paragraph？
A. Her leadership. B. Her ambition.
C. Her popularity. D. Her contribution.
解析： 段落大意题。根据最后一段前两句可知，最后一段主要
讨论了凯瑟琳的贡献。
12. Which of the following can best describe Kathrine according to the
passage？
A. Caring and sensitive.
B. Fearless and responsible.
C. Adventurous and kind.
D. Courageous and determined.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段和最后一段内容可知，凯瑟琳
勇敢而坚定。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Each morning at 6， even on weekends， Kamaljeet， 57， is up
and out of the house.He starts by spending three hours helping 13 food
to nearly two dozen 14 points across Delhi， India， and then checks
on the numerous facilities run by the 15 organization he leads with his
brother， Premjit.The organization， Veerji Ka Dera （dear brother’s
sacred space）， was founded in 1989.
Veerji Ka Dera now 16 about 2，500 daily wage workers
and 17 people a day， in addition to providing basic medical care to
as many as 500 people. The 18 not only operates shelters for people，
but also builds an animal shelter to 19 a few hundred rescued cows
and buffalo.“My father said，‘You have to have your own livelihood，
and you should 20 what you have’，” says Kamaljeet.
In 2023， the group was 21 one of the Real Heroes of Rising
India by broadcaster News18 India； the 22 was presented to them by
the country’s health minister.
Premjit says that in the future he’d like to build a medical facility for
the 23 . Importantly， he wants to make sure Veerji Ka Dera 24
even after he and Kamaljeet are no longer able to run things.
25 the size of the organization， the brothers claim it causes
them no 26 .Premjit says spending time with his brother and the
volunteers — especially young people — is “the best” and a
（n） 27 act of faith.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。卡迈勒吉特兄弟俩领导一个志愿者
服务组织做公益，包括提供伙食、基础医疗服务，甚至收养牲畜，
两人立志要将志愿者机构一直做下去，帮助更多人。
本文是一篇记叙文。卡迈勒吉特兄弟俩领导一个志愿者
服务组织做公益，包括提供伙食、基础医疗服务，甚至收养牲畜，
两人立志要将志愿者机构一直做下去，帮助更多人。
13. A. export B. cook
C. present D. distribute
解析： 根据下文providing basic medical care、operates shelters
和builds an animal shelter等可推知，此处应是在说明卡迈勒吉特帮
忙给人们分发食物。distribute意为“分发”，符合语境。export 出
口； cook 烹饪；present 展现，授予。
14. A. shopping B. dropping
C. walking D. parking
解析： 根据上下文语境可知，卡迈勒吉特帮忙给人们分发食
物，将食物分发至各投放点。dropping points意为“投放点”，符
合语境。shopping 购物； walking 行走；parking 停车。
15. A. welfare B. health
C. volunteer D. rescue
解析： 根据下文The organization，Veerji Ka Dera （dear
brother’s sacred space）， was founded in 1989.和第二段内容及最后
一段中的spending time with his brother and the volunteers可知，兄弟
俩共同经营一家志愿者组织。volunteer意为“志愿者”，符合语
境。welfare 福利；health 健康；rescue 救援。
16. A. feeds B. collects C. tracks D. trains
解析： 根据空后about 2，500 daily wage workers可知，该组织
要养活约2500名按日计酬的工人们。feed意为“养活”，符合语
境。collect 收集；track 跟踪；train 训练。
17. A. kind B. homeless C. selfless D. lost
解析： 根据下文not only operates shelters for people可知，该志
愿者组织同时也养活无家可归的人。homeless意为“无家可归
的”，符合语境。kind 善良的；selfless 无私的；lost 迷路的。
18. A. government B. hospital
C. group D. community
解析： 根据下文the group was ...可知，该志愿者组织Veerji Ka
Dera同时也是一个团体。group意为“团体”，为原词复现，符合
语境。government 政府；hospital 医院； community 社区。
19. A. deliver B. produce C. treat D. house
解析： 根据上文builds an animal shelter可知，该组织不仅收留
无家可归的人，而且收留被营救的奶牛和水牛，为它们提供庇护
所。house意为“安置”，符合语境。deliver 投递；produce 生产；
treat 治疗。
20. A. share B. preserve
C. restrict D. accept
解析： 根据第一段内容可知，兄弟俩共同经营一家志愿者组
织，帮助他人，与人分享，这恰恰是他们父亲教导的“你们必须
有自己的生计，并且你们要分享你们所拥有的东西”。share意为
“分享”，符合语境。preserve 保护；restrict 限制； accept 接受。
21. A. named B. classified
C. employed D. recorded
解析： 根据下文the Real Heroes of Rising India by broadcaster
News18 India可知，“崛起的印度之真英雄”，这是他们团体所获
得的一个称号。name意为“提名；任命”，符合语境。classify
将……分类；employ 雇用；record 记录。
22. A. brand B. variety
C. award D. category
解析： 根据语境可知，该团体获得了一个称号，该奖项由印度
卫生部长颁发。award意为“奖”，符合语境。brand 品牌；variety
多样化；category 类别。
23. A. unhappy B. unknown
C. blind D. sick
解析： 根据上文providing basic medical care和medical facility可
知，此处应指给生病的人建一处医疗机构。sick意为“生病的”，
符合语境。unhappy不快乐的；unknown 无名的； blind 失明的。
24. A. continues B. expands
C. distinguishes D. weighs
解析： 根据空后even after he and Kamaljeet are no longer able to
run things可知，兄弟俩希望自己的志愿者组织一直继续运行下
去。continue意为“继续”，符合语境。expand 扩展；distinguish
区分；weigh 权衡。
25. A. With B. Despite
C. Concerning D. Except
解析： 根据第二段中的about 2，500 daily ...及语境可知，尽管
组织的规模很大，但是兄弟俩并没有任何压力。despite意为“尽
管”，符合语境。with 具有；concerning 关于；except 除了。
26. A. pride B. content C. stress D. identity
解析： 参见上题解析。pride自豪；content满足；stress压力；
identity身份。
27. A. challenging B. professional
C. original D. rewarding
解析： 根据上文Premjit says spending time with his brother and
the volunteers — especially young people — is “the best”可知，此
处表示Veerji Ka Dera这一组织的志愿者们在一起工作就是最好的
事情，这是对他们的信仰最大的回报。rewarding意为“有回报
的”，符合语境。challenging 挑战性的；professional 专业的；
original 最初的。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Kian Kotecha is just 19 and has to live with several complex
disabilities.Six weeks ago， Kotecha 28 （start） weekly lessons at
his local climbing centre.He is， said his father， 29 new
man.“Kian can already climb walls that would be a challenge for
someone 30 didn’t have disabilities，”said his father.“It’s
amazing：he struggles 31 （clean） his teeth but he can happily
climb right to the top of the climbing wall.”
Kotecha has tried more 32 （tradition） sports but it is clear he
gets a particular excitement out of climbing.His father said， “He’s so
proud of 33 （him）：he likes to show everyone photos of him
climbing because it proves that despite his disabilities， he is capable.”
Kotecha is benefiting 34 a Sport England grant （拨款） to
Sense， a charity for those with complex disabilities.Louis Wickett-
Padgham from Sense said，“People with complex disabilities typically
live quite inactive lives.To go from that to a sport that engages all their
senses and puts them out of their comfort zones 35 （be） really
exciting.It can feel， sometimes for the first time， that they’re really
living their lives.”And their lives， Sense believes， can 36
（transform） by these sporting moments.The result is that their motor
skills， balance and coordination （协调性） can make great progress，
largely 37 （improve） their independence.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。身体不便的Kian Kotecha在尝试攀
岩运动后“重获新生”。
28. started 考查动词的时态。根据设空前的Six weeks ago可知，设空
处描述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填started。
29. a 考查冠词。设空处表泛指，且new的发音以辅音音素开头，故
填不定冠词a。
30. who 考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词
someone，且在从句中作主语，故填who。
本文是一篇新闻报道。身体不便的Kian Kotecha在尝试攀
岩运动后“重获新生”。
31. to clean 考查非谓语动词。struggle to do sth表示“挣扎着做某
事”，故填to clean。
32. traditional 考查词形转换。设空处作定语修饰名词sports，应用形
容词，故填traditional。
33. himself 考查反身代词。设空处作介词of的宾语，且设空处和主语
He所指相同，故填himself。
34. from 考查固定搭配。benefit from ...是固定搭配，意为“从……
中受益”，故填from。
35. is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处是对客观事
实的描述，应用一般现在时，又因为主语是To go from that to ... out of
their comfort zones， 故填is。
36. be transformed 考查被动语态。their lives与transform之间是被动
关系，应用被动语态，且设空前有情态动词can，故填be
transformed。
37. improving 考查非谓语动词。largely ... their independence在句中作
结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用动词-ing形式，故填
improving。
谢谢观看！Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
维度一：基础题型练
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.He felt that his talents （waste） as a basketball player and was eager for a change.
2.By the time he got to the school， the first period （finish）.
3.Tom said that his house （rebuild） so he had to rent one instead.
4.I didn’t enter the bookstore when passing by it， for it （decorate） then.
5.All eyes were on the television monitor where a horse race （broadcast）.
6.If the new safety system （put） to use， the accident would never have happened.
7.When we went into the chemistry lab， an experiment （conduct） by our tutor.
8.The president （interview） by the presenter the moment I entered the office.
9.The residents， whose homes （damage） by the fire， were given help by the Red Cross.
10.The new TV sets （promote） in the shopping center at that time.That was why so many people were gathering there.
维度二：语法与写作
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1.在2024年前，好几颗人造卫星发射升空了。
Before 2024， quite a few man-made satellites .
2.昨天这个时候，那个女学生正在被她的英语老师表扬。
The girl student at this time yesterday.
3.突然，我发现我正被一个陌生人跟着。
Suddenly， I found that I by a stranger.
4.他说这本书已被翻译成20多种语言了。
He said this book over 20 languages.
5.消息传来，李华已经被北京大学录取了。
Word came that Li Hua Peking University.
维度三：语法与语篇
根据汉语提示完成下面的语段。
On 3 September last year， 1. （这座城市遭受了严重的洪水袭击）.By 9 p.m. that day， 2. （几座几百年前建造的寺庙已经被毁）.Later it was reported that dozens of people had been injured and 3. （几十辆汽车被洪水冲走了）.The government called on everyone to fight the disaster actively and soon 4. （洪水得到了控制）.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Over the weekend， social media was excited about a heart-stopping （使人非常兴奋的） gymnastic routine and we have UCLA athlete Katelyn Ohashi to thank. The routine itself is only ninety seconds long， but the excellent athlete jumped， flipped， turned， and showed off her incredible talent across the floor to a combination of R&B and soul music. Ohashi earned a well-deserved perfect 10 from the judges and her performance eventually led the UCLA to victory at the end of the competition.
But the best part？ This isn’t the first time she’s gone viral — it’s the second time in a year she’s achieved eye-catching fame， and it’s for good reason.At the 2018 Pac 12 Championships， Ohashi performed an awesome floor routine featured a combination of Michael Jackson’s hits.
Ohashi exudes （流露） joy in her performances， and she’s not afraid to smile widely when she knows she’s done well.It’s acceptable， because it’s clear she’s having fun， a rare sight in the field of professional sports. Born in Seattle， Ohashi did four years on the USA Gymnastic’s junior national team， and won the 2013 American Cup. But behind the scenes， things weren’t so great.
Ohashi was under intense pressure competing at the elite （精英） level.Fans told her she wasn’t good enough， and she was under pressure to be thin. Ultimately， she decided to walk away from elite gymnastics to become a college athlete. She underwent surgery for a broken back and two torn shoulders in 2014. These injuries kept her away from the sport until 2015 when she joined the UCLA Bruins gymnastics team for the 2015－2016 season.
“There was a time when I was on top of the world， an Olympic hopeful. I was unbeatable until I wasn’t，” Ohashi said.“It hurt. But it also took me finding Ms Val and the UCLA and having a different goal and path to follow， to finally find joy and love within the sport again， which I haven’t been able to feel in a long time.”
1.What does the underlined phrase “gone viral” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
A.Become popular.
B.Appear suddenly.
C.Change surprisingly.
D.Succeed unexpectedly.
2.What do we know about Katelyn Ohashi？
A.She was little-known until recently.
B.Her gymnastic skills improved in the UCLA.
C.She won her first victory in the UCLA.
D.Her gymnastic career wasn’t always full of joy.
3.How does Ohashi sound in the end？
A.Regretful. B.Appreciative.
C.Humorous. D.Confused.
4.What is the most suitable title for the text？
A.Regain Self-Confidence
B.Battle Against Ill Remarks
C.Go Beyond Physical Limits
D.Rediscover Joy of Gymnastics
B
Working out can help teenagers boost their grades， a new study suggests.Adolescents who routinely engaged in light to intense exercise showed long-term improvements in their academic performance， the British Journal of Sports Medicine study reported.
“Our study suggests that the effect of physical activity may be quite large，” John Reilly， a professor at the University of Strathclyde said.The researchers looked at a sample of about 5，000 children who were involved in a long-term study that tracks children born in the UK between 2004 and 2005.When children reached 11 years old， their daily physical activity levels were measured using an accelerometer （加速器） for three to seven days.The device， similar to a pedometer tracking the number of steps taken， recorded the average time children exercised， which was 29 minutes a day for boys and 18 for girls.
“The actual levels of daily physical activity at age 11 were quite low，” Mr Reilly noted.The children had their academic performance tested at ages 11 and 13 with compulsory national tests for students， and also at 15 or 16 with the General Certificate of Secondary Education （GCSE） exam.The tests assessed the children’s abilities in English， math and science subjects.The results showed that the more children participated in light to intense physical activity， the higher their test scores were at age 11 in all three subjects.For girls， science scores were most strongly linked to exercise.
When children were tested again at age 13， their academic scores were still linked to how much they had exercised when they were 11 years old.By the time the youngsters took the GCSE exam， each 17-minute-per-day increase in physical activity for the boys was linked to an improvement in their scores.Every additional 12-minute increase a day in exercise for the girls was also linked to an increased score， especially in the science category.
The researchers have called for more studies to look at the possible academic benefits that could be derived if students exercised the recommended 60 minutes or more a day.
5.What’s the study about？
A.The secrets of students’ ranking high in class.
B.The influence of exercise on students’ scores.
C.The causes of students’ participating in sports.
D.The ways of improving students’ physical conditions.
6.What can we learn from the study？
A.Students at age 11 do more exercise than at other ages.
B.Boys at age 13 get more benefits by doing more exercise.
C.Girls’ science scores are more closely related to exercise.
D.More and more students do exercise to improve their scores.
7.What does the underlined word “derived” in the last paragraph probably mean？
A.Maintained. B.Reduced.
C.Concluded. D.Obtained.
8.What is the main purpose of the passage？
A.To emphasize the importance of exercise.
B.To explain the academic difference between boys and girls.
C.To present a method to improve children’s academic performance.
D.To introduce a study on the relevance between exercise and academic benefits.
C
The 71st annual Boston Marathon was held on 19 April 1967.This day was filled with freezing rain， snow and strong winds.However， for one participant named Kathrine Switzer， the weather conditions were the least of her worries.Kathrine was the first and only registered female runner in the marathon and she had something to prove.
The first few miles were a piece of cake for Kathrine.Then around mile four， she realized someone was chasing her.She turned around and was startled to see an angry face just inches away. It was the race director （赛事总监）， Jock Semple.
“Get the hell out of my race and give me those numbers！” Jock yelled.As he said this， he grabbed Kathrine and tried ripping her race numbers off her sweatshirt.Kathrine was so shocked and terrified.As Jock clung to her sweatshirt， Kathrine struggled to break free.
Kathrine felt awful. She thought about dropping out， but soon she knew that wasn’t an option.“If I quit， nobody would ever believe that women had the capability to run 26-plus miles.If I quit， everybody would say it was a show.If I quit， it would set women’s sports back， way back， instead of forward ...”
While all this thinking was going on，Kathrine continued， until she found herself nearing the finish pletely soaked and greeted by only a handful of reporters， none of whom cheered， Kathrine completed the race in a time of 4 hours and 20 minutes.The race was over， but her pursuit of change was just beginning.
She was a primary force behind getting women officially accepted into the Boston marathon in 1972.Her leadership also paved the way for the International Olympic Committee to admit the women’s marathon into the 1984 Olympic Games.Her number 261 on that historic day in Boston has also become a symbol of fearlessness for millions of women worldwide.
9.What did Kathrine hope to achieve in the 71st Boston Marathon？
A.Being a registered runner.
B.Proving women’s athletic ability.
C.Instructing her friend as a coach.
D.Providing service as a volunteer.
10.Why did Jock Semple chase Kathrine？
A.To follow her pace.
B.To defeat her in the race.
C.To force her to quit.
D.To remind her of the rules.
11.What is mainly discussed about Kathrine in the last paragraph？
A.Her leadership. B.Her ambition.
C.Her popularity. D.Her contribution.
12.Which of the following can best describe Kathrine according to the passage？
A.Caring and sensitive.
B.Fearless and responsible.
C.Adventurous and kind.
D.Courageous and determined.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Each morning at 6， even on weekends， Kamaljeet， 57， is up and out of the house.He starts by spending three hours helping 13 food to nearly two dozen 14 points across Delhi， India， and then checks on the numerous facilities run by the 15 organization he leads with his brother， Premjit.The organization， Veerji Ka Dera （dear brother’s sacred space）， was founded in 1989.
Veerji Ka Dera now 16 about 2，500 daily wage workers and 17 people a day， in addition to providing basic medical care to as many as 500 people. The 18 not only operates shelters for people， but also builds an animal shelter to 19 a few hundred rescued cows and buffalo.“My father said，‘You have to have your own livelihood， and you should 20 what you have’，” says Kamaljeet.
In 2023， the group was 21 one of the Real Heroes of Rising India by broadcaster News18 India； the 22 was presented to them by the country’s health minister.
Premjit says that in the future he’d like to build a medical facility for the 23 . Importantly， he wants to make sure Veerji Ka Dera 24 even after he and Kamaljeet are no longer able to run things.
25 the size of the organization， the brothers claim it causes them no 26 .Premjit says spending time with his brother and the volunteers — especially young people — is “the best” and a（n） 27 act of faith.
13.A.export B.cook
C.present D.distribute
14.A.shopping B.dropping
C.walking D.parking
15.A.welfare B.health
C.volunteer D.rescue
16.A.feeds B.collects
C.tracks D.trains
17.A.kind B.homeless
C.selfless D.lost
18.A.government B.hospital
C.group D.community
19.A.deliver B.produce
C.treat D.house
20.A.share B.preserve
C.restrict D.accept
21.A.named B.classified
C.employed D.recorded
22.A.brand B.variety
C.award D.category
23.A.unhappy B.unknown
C.blind D.sick
24.A.continues B.expands
C.distinguishes D.weighs
25.A.With B.Despite
C.Concerning D.Except
26.A.pride B.content
C.stress D.identity
27.A.challenging B.professional
C.original D.rewarding
Ⅲ.语法填空
Kian Kotecha is just 19 and has to live with several complex disabilities.Six weeks ago， Kotecha 28 （start） weekly lessons at his local climbing centre.He is， said his father， 29 new man.“Kian can already climb walls that would be a challenge for someone 30 didn’t have disabilities，”said his father.“It’s amazing：he struggles 31 （clean） his teeth but he can happily climb right to the top of the climbing wall.”
Kotecha has tried more 32 （tradition） sports but it is clear he gets a particular excitement out of climbing.His father said， “He’s so proud of 33 （him）：he likes to show everyone photos of him climbing because it proves that despite his disabilities， he is capable.”
Kotecha is benefiting 34 a Sport England grant （拨款） to Sense， a charity for those with complex disabilities.Louis Wickett-Padgham from Sense said，“People with complex disabilities typically live quite inactive lives.To go from that to a sport that engages all their senses and puts them out of their comfort zones 35 （be） really exciting.It can feel， sometimes for the first time， that they’re really living their lives.”And their lives， Sense believes， can 36 （transform） by these sporting moments.The result is that their motor skills， balance and coordination （协调性） can make great progress， largely 37 （improve） their independence.
28. 29. 30.
31. 32. 33.
34. 35. 36.
37.
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
基础知识自测
维度一
1.were being wasted 2.had been finished 3.was being rebuilt 4.was being decorated 5.was being broadcast
6.had been put 7.was being conducted 8.was being interviewed
9.had been damaged 10.were being promoted
维度二
1.had been launched into space
2.was being praised by her English teacher
3.was being followed
4.had been translated into
5.had been admitted to/into
维度三
1.the city was hit by severe floods
2.several temples built hundreds of years ago had been destroyed
3.scores of cars had been washed away by the floods
4.the floods were brought under control
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了奥哈希在大学体操赛中因精彩的表演而获得成功以及她从体操运动中重获快乐的故事。
1.A 词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文中的it’s the second time in a year she’s achieved eye-catching fame可知，画线短语所在部分表示“这已经不是她第一次走红了”。由此可猜测，画线短语的意思是“走红”，A项（变得受欢迎）与其含义相似。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，奥哈希在体操表演中流露出喜悦；再结合第三段最后一句及第四段内容可知，奥哈希在其体操生涯中也面临着巨大的压力，且曾因伤退出这一运动。综上可推知，奥哈希的体操生涯并不总是充满快乐。
3.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段奥哈希说的话可知，虽然经历过失意，但她遇到了瓦尔女士并加入了加州大学洛杉矶分校体操队，找到了不同的目标和道路，最终在这项运动中再次感受到快乐和爱。由此可推知，奥哈希应是心怀感激的。
4.D 标题归纳题。结合全文可知，奥哈希因压力过大退出了体操精英赛，转而参加大学体操赛，并取得辉煌的成绩，重新找到了体操给她带来的快乐。故D项（重新发现体操的乐趣）最适合作为本文标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于锻炼能帮助青少年提高学习成绩的研究结果。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第一段首句可知，这项研究是关于锻炼能帮助青少年提高学习成绩的，即运动对学生成绩的影响。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的For girls， science scores were most strongly linked to exercise.可知，研究显示女孩子的科学成绩跟运动关系更加密切。
7.D 词义猜测题。根据最后一段内容可知，研究人员呼吁进行更多的研究，看看如果学生每天锻炼建议的60分钟或更长时间，可能得到的学术益处。再根据上文的研究结果可知，锻炼能够带来学习成绩的提高。由此可以推断出，画线词的意思是“得到；获得”。
8.D 写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项关于锻炼与学业益处之间相关性的研究。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了凯瑟琳·斯威策为争取女子参加马拉松运动而作出的努力。
9.B 推理判断题。根据第一段末句以及第四段第二句可推知，凯瑟琳希望在第71届波士顿马拉松比赛中证明女子的运动能力。
10.C 细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，乔克·森普尔追着凯瑟琳是想逼她退出比赛。
11.D 段落大意题。根据最后一段前两句可知，最后一段主要讨论了凯瑟琳的贡献。
12.D 推理判断题。根据第四段和最后一段内容可知，凯瑟琳勇敢而坚定。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。卡迈勒吉特兄弟俩领导一个志愿者服务组织做公益，包括提供伙食、基础医疗服务，甚至收养牲畜，两人立志要将志愿者机构一直做下去，帮助更多人。
13.D 根据下文providing basic medical care、operates shelters和builds an animal shelter等可推知，此处应是在说明卡迈勒吉特帮忙给人们分发食物。distribute意为“分发”，符合语境。export 出口； cook 烹饪；present 展现，授予。
14.B 根据上下文语境可知，卡迈勒吉特帮忙给人们分发食物，将食物分发至各投放点。dropping points意为“投放点”，符合语境。shopping 购物； walking 行走；parking 停车。
15.C 根据下文The organization，Veerji Ka Dera （dear brother’s sacred space）， was founded in 1989.和第二段内容及最后一段中的spending time with his brother and the volunteers可知，兄弟俩共同经营一家志愿者组织。volunteer意为“志愿者”，符合语境。welfare 福利；health 健康；rescue 救援。
16.A 根据空后about 2，500 daily wage workers可知，该组织要养活约2500名按日计酬的工人们。feed意为“养活”，符合语境。collect 收集；track 跟踪；train 训练。
17.B 根据下文not only operates shelters for people可知，该志愿者组织同时也养活无家可归的人。homeless意为“无家可归的”，符合语境。kind 善良的；selfless 无私的；lost 迷路的。
18.C 根据下文the group was ...可知，该志愿者组织Veerji Ka Dera同时也是一个团体。group意为“团体”，为原词复现，符合语境。government 政府；hospital 医院； community 社区。
19.D 根据上文builds an animal shelter可知，该组织不仅收留无家可归的人，而且收留被营救的奶牛和水牛，为它们提供庇护所。house意为“安置”，符合语境。deliver 投递；produce 生产；treat 治疗。
20.A 根据第一段内容可知，兄弟俩共同经营一家志愿者组织，帮助他人，与人分享，这恰恰是他们父亲教导的“你们必须有自己的生计，并且你们要分享你们所拥有的东西”。share意为“分享”，符合语境。preserve 保护；restrict 限制； accept 接受。
21.A 根据下文the Real Heroes of Rising India by broadcaster News18 India可知，“崛起的印度之真英雄”，这是他们团体所获得的一个称号。name意为“提名；任命”，符合语境。classify 将……分类；employ 雇用；record 记录。
22.C 根据语境可知，该团体获得了一个称号，该奖项由印度卫生部长颁发。award意为“奖”，符合语境。brand 品牌；variety 多样化；category 类别。
23.D 根据上文providing basic medical care和medical facility可知，此处应指给生病的人建一处医疗机构。sick意为“生病的”，符合语境。unhappy不快乐的；unknown 无名的； blind 失明的。
24.A 根据空后even after he and Kamaljeet are no longer able to run things可知，兄弟俩希望自己的志愿者组织一直继续运行下去。continue意为“继续”，符合语境。expand 扩展；distinguish 区分；weigh 权衡。
25.B 根据第二段中的about 2，500 daily ...及语境可知，尽管组织的规模很大，但是兄弟俩并没有任何压力。despite意为“尽管”，符合语境。with 具有；concerning 关于；except 除了。
26.C 参见上题解析。pride自豪；content满足；stress压力；identity身份。
27.D 根据上文Premjit says spending time with his brother and the volunteers — especially young people — is “the best”可知，此处表示Veerji Ka Dera这一组织的志愿者们在一起工作就是最好的事情，这是对他们的信仰最大的回报。rewarding意为“有回报的”，符合语境。challenging 挑战性的；professional 专业的；original 最初的。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。身体不便的Kian Kotecha在尝试攀岩运动后“重获新生”。
28.started 考查动词的时态。根据设空前的Six weeks ago可知，设空处描述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填started。
29.a 考查冠词。设空处表泛指，且new的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
30.who 考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词someone，且在从句中作主语，故填who。
31.to clean 考查非谓语动词。struggle to do sth表示“挣扎着做某事”，故填to clean。
32.traditional 考查词形转换。设空处作定语修饰名词sports，应用形容词，故填traditional。
33.himself 考查反身代词。设空处作介词of的宾语，且设空处和主语He所指相同，故填himself。
34.from 考查固定搭配。benefit from ...是固定搭配，意为“从……中受益”，故填from。
35.is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处是对客观事实的描述，应用一般现在时，又因为主语是To go from that to ... out of their comfort zones， 故填is。
36.be transformed 考查被动语态。their lives与transform之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且设空前有情态动词can，故填be transformed。
37.improving 考查非谓语动词。largely ... their independence在句中作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用动词-ing形式，故填improving。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态
1.When my breathing returned to normal， I reflected on what had just been achieved.
2.Six weeks ago， my friends told me that a city half-marathon for amateurs was being organized to help raise money for charity， and encouraged me to take part.
3.I ran my race relaxed and confident，even though my limits were being tested like never before.
4.I was happy to learn that a lot of money had been raised for charity.
【我的发现】
（1）在句2、3中，加黑部分为 ，它表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做，基本构成形式为 。
（2）在句1、4中，加黑部分为 ，它表示在过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作，基本构成形式为 。
一、过去进行时的被动语态
1.定义
过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。谓语动词的主语是动作的承受者而不是发出者。
The last time I went back to my hometown， a big power station was being built there.
上次我回家乡时，那里正在修建一个大电厂。
2.构成形式
过去进行时的被动语态构成形式为was/were being done。
（1）肯定句：主语＋was/were being done＋其他。
Another bridge was being constructed over the Yellow River then.
那时黄河上正在建设另一座大桥。
（2）否定句：主语＋was/were not being done＋其他。
The advertisement wasn’t being broadcast at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候没有播放这条广告。
（3）一般疑问句：Was/Were＋主语＋being done＋其他？
Were the witnesses being questioned by police when you got there last night？
昨天晚上你到那儿的时候，警方是不是正在询问目击者？
（4）特殊疑问句：疑问词或词组＋was/were＋（主语＋） being done＋其他？
What was being done to the machine then？
那时正对这台机器采取什么措施？
3.基本用法
（1）过去进行时的被动语态强调在过去的某个时间点或某一段时间正在进行的被动动作。常与过去进行时的被动语态连用的时间状语有then、 at this time yesterday、 at that moment、yesterday afternoon、 in 2022及when、 the moment等时间状语或时间状语从句。
Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候他们正在植树。
（2）过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：过去进行时的被动语态强调在过去的某个时间点或某一段时间正在进行的被动动作，而一般过去时的被动语态表示的是某个被动的动作已经发生了。
Several patients were being treated in the local hospital then.（表示正在进行的被动动作）
当时有几个病人正在当地医院接受治疗。
Several patients were treated in the local hospital then.（表示过去发生的被动动作）
当时有几个病人在当地医院接受治疗。
【即时演练1】 完成句子
①Many new inventions in the museum at this time last year.
许多新发明去年的这个时候正在博物馆被展出。
②He didn’t stay in my room last night because it .
昨天晚上他没有住在我房间里，因为我的房间正在维修。
③He yesterday afternoon.
他昨天下午正在接受我们经理的面试。
二、过去完成时的被动语态
1.定义
过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成，且主语与谓语动词之间存在被动关系。
The room had been cleaned when we arrived.
当我们到达的时候，房间已经打扫干净了。
2.构成形式
过去完成时的被动语态构成形式为had been done。
3.基本用法
（1）用在told、 said、 knew、 thought等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被完成。
He said that the books had already been sold out.
他说书已经卖完了。
He told us that bottles of water for runners had been prepared.
他告诉我们，他已经为跑步者准备了瓶装水。
（2）当before、 when、 by the time、 until等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时，以及by、 before后接过去的时间时，主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
By the time the coach came in， the first round of training had been completed.
当教练进来的时候，第一轮训练已经完成了。
The injured had been sent to hospital before the reporters arrived at the spot.
在记者到达现场之前，伤者已被送往医院。
Hardly had the front door been opened when we could hear the applause for winners.
前门刚打开，我们就听到了献给获奖者的掌声。
（3）在It was the first/second/ ...time that ...从句中，主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
It was the first time that I had been criticized in public.
这是我第一次被当众批评。
（4）在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去的事实相反，且主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
If I had been invited earlier， I would have gone with you.
如果我早点被邀请，我就和你一起去了。
【即时演练2】 句型转换
①It was the first time that he had told me his life story.（that从句改为被动语态）
→
②This is the first time that the painting has been shown to the public.（将句中的is改为was）
→
③He said he had sent the injured man to the nearest hospital.（改为被动语态）
→
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
limit n.限度，限制；限量，限额；界限 vt.限制，限定；限量，减量
【教材原句】 I ran my race relaxed and confident， even though my limits were being tested like never before.
我轻松自信地跑着比赛，尽管自己的极限正受到前所未有的考验。
【用法】
（1）set a limit to ... 对……规定限度
beyond the limit 超过限度
there is a/no limit to 对……是有限的/无限的
limit ...to ... 把……限定在……范围内
（2）limited adj. 有限的
be limited to 受限于……，局限到……
（3）limitless adj. 无限制的，无界限的
【佳句】 The only limit to our realization of tomorrow is our doubts of today.
实现明天理想的唯一障碍是今天的疑虑。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The length of the article should （limit） to 400 words or so.
②The amount of money we have is so （limit） that we can’t buy the new house.
③If you study hard，you will find your （limit） power.
【写美】 完成句子
④In my opinion， you had better the expense of your trip.
在我看来，你最好给你旅行的费用定一个限度。
pour vt.& vi.倒，斟；倾倒，倒出；涌流，倾泻；下大雨
【教材原句】 Cathy and I quickly poured water into the cups for them.
凯茜和我赶紧把水倒进杯子里给他们喝。
【用法】
pour down （雨）倾盆而下；倾泻；涌流
pour ...into ... 把……倒进……；向……投入……
pour out/open your heart to sb向某人敞开心扉；向某人倾诉衷肠
【佳句】 He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.
他把瓶子里的水倒入他手里，然后喂给我的狗喝。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Up to now， the government has poured millions the education system.
②It was the first time that Anne had poured out her heart her mother.
【写美】 完成句子
③No sooner had I reached home than it .
我一回到家雨就倾盆而下了。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：形容词（短语）作状语
【教材原句】 I ran my race relaxed and confident， even though my limits were being tested like never before.
我轻松自信地跑着比赛，尽管自己的极限正受到前所未有的考验。
【用法】
（1）形容词（短语）作状语时，通常说明主语的情况，即表示主语的性质、特点或处于某种状态等。
（2）形容词（短语）作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随情况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
【品悟】 To his parents’ great relief， he came back， safe and sound.
他父母松了一口气，他安然无恙地回来了。
Eager for success， he tried to catch every chance to show himself.
因为渴望成功，他抓住每次机会展示自己。
【练透】 单句语法填空
① （surprise） and afraid， Tom ran out of the room.
②When it was his turn to deliver his speech， Tom walked towards the microphone， nervous and （embarrass）.
【写美】 完成句子
③After the long journey， the three of them went back home， .
长途旅行后他们三人回家了，又饿又累。
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）过去进行时的被动语态 was/were being done
（2）过去完成时的被动语态 had been done
即时演练1
①were being exhibited/on exhibition
②was being repaired/under repair
③was being interviewed by our director
即时演练2
①It was the first time that I had been told his life story by him./It was the first time that his life story had been told to me by him.
②This was the first time that the painting had been shown to the public.
③He said the injured man had been sent to the nearest hospital by him.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①be limited ②limited ③limitless ④set a limit to
2.①into ②to ③poured down
Part Ⅱ
①Surprised ②embarrassed ③hungry and tired
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