(共136张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Sports idioms①
Every language has its idioms， which are groups of words with
meanings different from the meanings of the individual words②.[1]Idioms
make language more colourful and expressive.[2]Since sport is an
inseparable③ part of day-to-day life， there are lots of sports idioms that
have found their way into④ everyday language.Let’s take a look at some
of them！
[1]本句的基本结构是“主语＋make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。
[2]句中Since引导原因状语从句；主句为there be句型；that引导
一个定语从句，修饰先行词sports idioms。
【读文清障】
①idiom n.习语，成语
sports idioms体育习语
②the individual words 单独的词
③inseparable adj.不可分离的，分不开的
④find one’s way into偶然来到，无意中处于
Football
Football （or soccer， as it is called in the USA） is one of the most
popular sports in the world and many countries have their own football
leagues⑤.The English language is full of idioms which are thought to have
come from football.
[3]As you know， in a football match， players try to kick or head⑥
the ball into the opposing⑦ team’s goal⑧， which is the net⑨ between two
big goalposts⑩ fixed to the ground.[4]Can you imagine that every time
you have a chance to score ， the goalposts are moved？ That would be
not only difficult， but also upsetting .If someone “moves the goalposts
” in everyday life， it means they unfairly change the rules or
requirements for something.An insurance salesman who is about to
reach his annual sales target ， only for the company to make the target
higher， could rightly complain about the company moving the
goalposts.
Thankfully， goalposts do not really move — but when a player
scores an own goal， he or she might wish they did.[5]“Scoring an own
goal ” in football means accidentally kicking or heading the ball into
one’s own net， and it is one of the worst things that can happen to a
football player.If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally
harms their own interests， they are said to have scored an own goal.You
might see this expression in the newspapers when the local council
makes a decision which backfires terribly！
[3]本句含有两个定语从句：As引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整
个主句，对其进行说明；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词
the opposing team’s goal；动词-ed短语fixed to the ground作后置定
语，修饰goalposts。
[4]that引导宾语从句，并且宾语从句中含有every time引导的时
间状语从句；动词不定式to score作后置定语，修饰名词chance。
[5]本句整体上是一个由and连接的并列句。前一分句中，主语和
宾语都是动词-ing短语；后一个分句中，that引导定语从句，修饰先
行词things，先行词前有最高级worst修饰，关系代词只能用that。
⑤league n.联赛；等级，级别
football leagues 足球联赛
⑥head vt.用头顶（球）
⑦opposing adj.对抗的；相反的
⑧goal n.球门
⑨net n.（the net）球门网；网，网状物
⑩goalpost n.球门柱
fix vt.安装；使固定
score vi.进球
upsetting adj.令人不快（或忧虑、苦恼）的
move the goalposts改变条件（或规则）
change the rules or requirements
改变规则或要求
insurance n.
保险业；保险；保险费
insurance salesman
保险销售员
annual sales target 年度销售目标
complain vi.& vt.抱怨，投诉
score an own goal 进乌龙球；无意中做让自己吃亏的事
unintentionally adv.无意地，非故意地
expression n.表达；表达方式
council n.政务委员会，地方议会；市政服务机构；委员会
backfire vi.产生事与愿违的不良（或危险）后果
Baseball
Baseball is an old and popular sport that has given the English
language many different idioms.You might have heard expressions like
“in the ballpark ” or “a ballpark estimate ”.The venue where a
baseball game is played is called a ballpark.[6]So， even if we do not
know exactly where the ball is during the game， we can assume that it is
somewhere in the ballpark. For this reason， people use the expression
“in the ballpark” or “a ballpark estimate” to talk about rough
estimates.
Another common baseball expression is “throwing someone a
curveball ”.[7]Curveballs are balls that suddenly turn in the air， and
these are of course difficult for the other team to handle .We use this
expression to describe things that are unexpected and difficult to respond
to.“Three strikes and you are out ” is another idiom that comes from
baseball.As it suggests， in baseball this means that a batter （the person
with the baseball bat in his or her hands） is out after making three
unsuccessful attempts to hit the ball.[8]This idiom is often used to talk
about situations where people fail after wasting three chances.
[6]even if引导让步状语从句，从句中where引导宾语从句，作动
词know的宾语；主句中含有一个that引导的宾语从句。
[7]本句是一个由and连接的并列句。前一分句中含有一个that引
导的定语从句，that在定语从句中作主语；后一分句是“主语＋be＋
形容词＋for sb＋动词不定式”结构，these与handle为逻辑上的动宾
关系。
[8]句中where引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词situations。
ballpark n.棒球场；变动范围
in the ballpark差不多
estimate n.（对数量、成本等的）估计
a ballpark estimate大致相近的估计
venue n.活动场地
curveball n.曲线球
throw sb a curveball给某人出难题
handle vt.处理，应付；控制，操纵 n.把手，拉手；柄
three strikes and you are out三振出局
attempt n.尝试
[9]English also has a large number of idioms connected with
boxing， which has been a popular sport for thousands of years.A boxer is
not allowed to use his or her fists to hit the opponent below the waist
.[10]Hence comes the idiom “below the belt ”.In day-to-day life， if
someone makes an unfair and cruel remark ， we can describe it as
“below the belt”.
[9]动词-ed短语connected with boxing作后置定语，修饰名词
idioms；which引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词boxing。
[10]本句为副词hence置于句首引起的完全倒装句。
Boxing
fist n.拳，拳头
waist n.腰，腰部；（衣服的）腰部
below the belt不公正的，伤人的
cruel adj.刻毒伤人的，残酷的
remark n.谈论，言论 vi.& vt.说起，评论
“Throwing in the towel ” is another common idiom that comes
from boxing.When a boxer is losing badly and is too tired or confused to
give up on his or her own， the coach will literally throw a towel into the
ring to end the fight.In everyday life， this idiom simply means admitting
defeat and giving up.
[11]Sport is challenging and so is life.[12]However， when you are
thrown a curveball， do not throw in the towel — work hard， be careful
not to score an own goal， and you are sure to make it ！
[11]本句是由and连接的并列句。后一个分句是“so＋系动词＋
主语”结构。
[12]本句中含有“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型，此时祈使句表
示条件。
towel n.毛巾，抹布，纸巾
throw in the towel
认输，承认失败
literally adv.真正地，确实地；按字面，字面上
make it（经历艰难困苦后）成功
【参考译文】
体育习语
每种语言都有自己的习语。习语是一组词汇，它的意思不同于每
个单独的词。习语让语言更为丰富多彩、更具表现力。由于体育运动
是日常生活中不可缺失的一部分，许多体育习语也已融入人们的日常
语言。让我们来看看其中几个吧！
足球
足球（在美国又叫 soccer）是世界上最受欢迎的体育运动之一，
许多国家都有自己的足球联赛。英语中有许多习语被认为源自足球。
如你所知，在一场足球比赛中，球员们试图将球踢进或顶进对方
球队的球门，也就是固定在地上的两根粗大门柱之间的那张球门网。
你能想象，每次你有机会进球时，门柱却被移动了吗？那样的情形不
仅难以应对，而且令人沮丧。如果在日常生活中有人 move the
goalposts （改变条件或规则），这意味着这些人不公正地改变了某件
事情的规则或要求。如果一位保险销售员就快达到年度销售目标了，
而公司却在这时提高了销售目标，那么他就可以正当地抱怨公司
move the goalposts。
谢天谢地，门柱并不会真的移动——但是当一名球员 score an
own goal （进乌龙球）时，他或她说不定会希望球门真能移动。在足
球中，进乌龙球的意思是不小心将球踢进或顶进了自己队的球门，而
这是一名球员所能遇到的最糟糕的情况之一。如果有人犯下了无意中
损害自身利益的严重错误，那么人们就会说，这样的人是在进乌龙
球。如果地方议会作出了一项决策，结果却适得其反，那么你也许就
会在报纸上看到这个说法！
棒球
棒球是一项古老而广受欢迎的体育运动，它也为英语提供了许多
不同的习语。你也许听过in the ballpark （差不多）或是a ballpark
estimate （大致相近的估计）这样的说法。进行棒球比赛的场地被称
为棒球场。因此，即便我们在棒球比赛中并不知道球的准确位置，我
们仍然可以认定它就在球场内的某处。为此，人们会用in the ballpark
或者 a ballpark estimate 这样的说法来谈论粗略的估计。
另一个常见的棒球相关说法是 throw someone a curveball （给某人
出难题）。曲线球是指能在空中突然转向的球，而这种球必然会让对
方球队难以应付。我们用这个说法来形容那些出乎意料又难以应对的
事情。three strikes and you are out （三振出局）是另一个来自棒球的
习语。正如字面意思所说，三振出局在棒球运动中指的是击球手 （手
持棒球球棒的人） 如果连续三次未能击中，就会出局。这个习语经常
用于谈论某人错失三次良机后失败的情况。
拳击
英语中也有大量习语与拳击有关，这是一项数千年来一直很受欢
迎的运动。拳击手不允许用拳头击打对手腰部以下的部位。因此有了
below the belt （不正当的，伤人的） 这个习语。在日常生活中，如果
有人发表了有失公允的刻薄评论，我们就可以形容这种评论是 below
the belt。
throw in the towel （认输；承认失败） 是另一个来自拳击的常用
习语。当一名拳击手输得很惨，并且因太过疲惫或思维太混乱而无法
自己宣告放弃时，教练就会真的扔一条毛巾到擂台上，示意结束对
抗。在日常生活中，这个习语就是“承认失败，放弃”的意思。
体育运动充满了挑战，生活同样也是如此。然而，当你遇到难题
时，不要放弃——努力奋斗，注意别进乌龙球，你就一定会成功！
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. Why are sports idioms common in everyday language？
A. Because people are interested in sports.
B. Because sport has a long history.
C. Because there are a lot of sports events.
D. Because sport plays an important part in global culture.
2. If someone changes the rules in a situation or an activity， which idiom
can we use？
A. Throw in the towel. B. Below the belt.
C. Move the goalposts. D. Score an own goal.
3. If a local council makes a decision which backfires， we can say .
A. it scores an own goal
B. it is below the belt
C. it throws in the towel
D. it throws someone a curveball
4. If someone makes things difficult for others on purpose， which idiom
can we use？
A. Throw someone a curveball.
B. Below the belt.
C. Score an own goal.
D. Move the goalposts.
5. If someone makes an unfair and cruel remark on others， which idiom
can we use？
A. Move the goalposts.
B. Below the belt.
C. Score an own goal.
D. Throw someone a curveball.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）形容词＋后缀-ty变名词
①cruel adj.刻毒伤人的，残酷的→cruelty n.残酷，暴行
②special adj.特殊的；特别的→specialty n.特长，专长
③loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的→loyalty n.忠诚
④certain adj.确实的；确定的→certainty n.必然的事；确信；
确定性
（2）形容词＋后缀-ly变副词
①literal adj.字面意义的；完全按原文的→literally adv.真正
地，确实地；按字面，字面上
②equal adj.相等的；平等的→equally adv.相等地；同等地
③consequent adj.随之而来的；随之发生的；作为结果的
→consequently adv.因此；结果
④absolute adj.完全的；全部的；绝对的→absolutely adv.
绝对地
⑤accurate adj.精确的；正确无误的；准确的→accurately adv.
准确地
⑥total adj.全部的；总的；完全的→totally adv.完全地
2. 美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
习语也称惯用语，是经过人们长期运用、已经相对固定的表达方
式。英语中存在着大量的习语，这些习语言简意赅、形象生动，有
着丰富的文化内涵。适当掌握一些常用的习语，对英语学习有重要
的促进作用。
请选用课文中提到的体育习语完成下面句子。
①The professor his students when he asked
them to work out possible solutions to the problem of drinking water in
Africa.
②There is no need to feel ashamed to because it
may save you from wasting your time， which can be used to do
something else.
③He when he complained about his co-worker
because everyone knew that he was lying.
threw
a curveball
throw in the towel
scored an own goal
④She completed her master’s degree and hoped to get the position in
her company， but the company ； now she’ll
need to get a PhD.
⑤In an argument， many things that are said in anger are
.
⑥The insurance salesman wasn’t sure what the final claim payout would
be， so he gave the clients .
⑦When Sam was late for work again， the manager said， “You’ve
been late twice this week.This is my final warning —
！”
moved the goalposts
below the
belt
a ballpark estimate
three strikes and
you’re out
第四步：析难句，清阅读障碍
1. “Scoring an own goal” in football means accidentally kicking or
heading the ball into one’s own net， and it is one of the worst things
that can happen to a football player.
句式分析
尝试翻译
在足球中，进乌龙球的意思是不小心将球踢进或顶进了自己队的
球门，而这是一名球员所能遇到的最糟糕的情况之一。
2. So， even if we do not know exactly where the ball is during the
game， we can assume that it is somewhere in the ballpark.
句式分析
因此，即便我们在棒球比赛中并不知道球的准确位置，我们仍然
可以认定它就在球场内的某处。
尝试翻译
第五步：拓视野，育思维品质
1. Do you find it easy to understand the meaning and usage of each
idiom？ （Critical Thinking 批判性思维）
I think the author makes it very easy for readers to understand what
the idioms mean and how to use them.For example， the author uses
expressions， such as “Let’s take a look ...” “Can you imagine
that ...” and “We use this expression to ...” to make readers feel like
he is talking to them directly.
2. Do you know any Chinese sports idioms？ Please give some examples.
（Creative Thinking 创造性思维）
Some Chinese sports idioms I know are as follows：
①百发百中： It means shooting with unfailing accuracy.This idiom
is used to describe excellent shooting skills.It is also used when someone
is quite certain of something.
②田忌赛马： It refers to a strategy based on game theory to win a
horse racing.This idiom reveals how one can win by using their own
strengths against others’ shortcomings.
③十八般武艺： It refers to the ability to use 18 kinds of weapons
skillfully.This idiom is now used to describe one’s versatility.
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
find one’s way into偶然来到，无意中处于
【教材原句】 Since sport is an inseparable part of day-to-day life，
there are lots of sports idioms that have found their way into everyday
language.由于体育运动是日常生活中不可缺失的一部分，许多体育习
语也已融入人们的日常语言。
【用法】
in the way 妨碍……；挡某人的路
in a way 在某种程度上
all the way 一直，始终
on the way （to） 在（去……的）途中
on the way out 即将被淘汰；即将过时
lose one’s way 迷路
make one’s way to 前往，到……去
pave the way for 为……铺平道路
wind one’s way 蜿蜒而行
【佳句】 A little girl called Lucy found her way into a strange， snowy
world.
一个叫露西的小女孩无意中来到一个陌生的雪域世界。
【练透】 选用way的相关短语填空
①You must work hard at science and technology， or you will be
.
②In spite of the fact that it rained cats and dogs，he still
the appointed place.
on the
way out
made his way
to
③The Great Wall across north China like a huge
dragon.
【写美】 完成句子
④One day， they accidentally the dust-covered
cellar of the house.
一天，他们无意中闯入尘封的地下室。
winds its way
find their way into
opposing adj.对抗的；相反的
【教材原句】 As you know， in a football match， players try to kick
or head the ball into the opposing team’s goal， which is the net between
two big goalposts fixed to the ground.如你所知，在一场足球比赛中，球
员们试图将球踢进或顶进对方球队的球门，也就是固定在地上的两根
粗大门柱之间的那张球门网。
【用法】
（1）oppose vt. 反对；反抗；抵制；阻挠；与（某人）较量
oppose （one’s） doing sth 反对（某人）做某事
（2）opposed adj. 相反的，反对的
be opposed to （doing） sth 反对（做）某事
（3）opposition n. 对抗，反抗
opposite adj. 相对的，对面的
n. 反义词，对立的事物
【佳句】 It’s time for opposing factions to unite and work towards a
common goal.
现在是对立各派联合起来，为共同目标而奋斗的时候了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The mayor is strongly opposed to （build） a new hall，
which may cost a lot of money.
②The parents strongly opposed their daughter （wander）
in the street alone at night.
building
wandering
③It is common that parents and children hold （oppose）
views on the same subject.
④We’re firmly （oppose） to the practice of power politics
between nations.
opposing
opposed
【写美】 词汇升级
⑤As for the plan， some agree while others don’t.I’m one of those
against it.
→As for the plan， some agree while others don’t.I’m one of
those it.
opposed to
complain vi.& vt.抱怨，投诉
【教材原句】 An insurance salesman who is about to reach his annual
sales target， only for the company to make the target higher， could
rightly complain about the company moving the goalposts.如果一位保险
销售员就快达到年度销售目标了，而公司却在这时提高了销售目标，
那么他就可以正当地抱怨公司 move the goalposts。
【用法】
（1）complain （to sb） about/of sth＝complain （to sb） （that） ...
（向某人）抱怨某事
（2）complaint n. 不满；抱怨；埋怨；投诉
make a complaint （about） （对……）提出投诉
have a complaint against/about ... 对……有怨言
a letter of complaint 一封投诉信
【佳句】 In time of difficulty， what we need is not to complain to
each other but to understand each other.
遇到困难的时候，我们需要的不是互相抱怨而是互相理解。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The girl complained the manager that this printer didn’t function
at all.
②Lots of college graduates complain a lack of suitable
jobs， while factories are facing difficulties in hiring qualified workers.
③We received a letter of （complain） from one customer
about the lack of parking facilities.
to
about/of
complaint
【写美】 完成句子
④If you wish to ， you have to see our manager for
yourself.
如果你要投诉，你得亲自去见我们的经理。
make a complaint
cruel adj.刻毒伤人的，残酷的
【教材原句】 In day-to-day life， if someone makes an unfair and
cruel remark， we can describe it as “below the belt”.在日常生活中，
如果有人发表了有失公允的刻薄评论，我们就可以形容这种评论是
below the belt。
【用法】
（1）be cruel to 对……残酷
a cruel punishment 残酷的惩罚
（2）cruelly adv. 残酷地；残忍地
cruelty n. 残酷；残忍；残暴
【佳句】 How could you be so cruel to someone who never did you any
harm？
你怎么能那么残忍地对待一个从未伤害过你的人？
【联想】 “be＋形容词＋to”必备短语一览
①be equal to等于；能胜任
②be familiar to为（某人）所熟悉
③be harmful to对……有害
④be polite to对……有礼貌
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Long long ago， there lived a king who was cruel his people.
②His wife couldn’t stand his （cruel） any more so she has
decided to divorce him.
③In Britain， if you treat animals （cruel）， you will be
taken to court.
to
cruelty
cruelly
【写美】 完成句子
④I can’t stand people who .
我无法容忍虐待动物的人。
⑤There is no doubt that for money.
毫无疑问为金钱捕杀野生动物很残忍。
are cruel to animals
it’s very cruel to kill wild animals
remark n.谈论，言论 vi.& vt.说起，评论
【用法】
（1）make a remark/remarks on/upon/about ...
就……发表意见，评论……
（2）remark on/upon sth 评论/谈论某事
remark that ... 谈到/说起……
（3）remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的，值得注意的
be remarkable for 以……著称；因……引人瞩目
【佳句】 The teacher remarked that the article was well written.
老师评论说这篇文章写得很好。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Her father remarked it was time to leave.
②It would be rude to remark a lady’s appearance.
③Please make a remark the poem written by Li Bai.
【写美】 一句多译
④评论别人的私事是不礼貌的。
→It’s impolite to others’
personal affairs.（remark n.）
→It’s impolite to others’ personal affairs.（remark
vi.）
that
on/upon
on/upon/about
make a remark/remarks on/upon/about
remark on/upon
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：sb/sth be said to have done ...据说某人/某物已经做
了……
【教材原句】 If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally
harms their own interests， they are said to have scored an own goal.
如果有人犯下了无意中损害自身利益的严重错误，那么人们就会说，
这样的人是在进乌龙球。
【用法】
（1）本句的主句属于sb/sth be said to have done ...句型，该句型常改
写成It is said that ...（据说/认为……）或People say that ...（人们相信/
认为……）。
（2）除say外，用于此句型的词还有believe、 think、 report、
estimate、 suggest、 know、 report等。
（3）本句型可根据情况用to do的各种形式， to do表示谓语动词之后
发生的动作； to be doing表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作； to have
done表示先于谓语动词发生的动作。
①be said to be/do ...据说是/做……
②be said to be doing sth据说正在做某事
③be said to have done sth据说已经做了某事
【品悟】 My friend is said to have won the first place in the pop song
competition.
据说我的朋友在流行歌曲比赛中赢得了第一名。
【写美】 句型转换/一句多译
①Ken is said to be very good at operating computers.
→ Ken is very good at operating computers.
②It is said that she is studying in America.
→She is said in America.
③It is said that at least one policeman was injured in the accident.
→At least one policeman in the accident.
It is said that/People say that
to be studying
is said to have been injured
④Hard work is believed to lead to success.
→ hard work can lead to success.
→ hard work can lead to success.
⑤据报道该市目前正在建造一家新商场。
→A new shopping mall in the city at
present.
→ a new shopping mall is being built in the city at
present.
It is believed that
People believe that
is reported to be being built
It is reported that
句型公式：先行词为抽象地点名词的定语从句
【教材原句】 This idiom is often used to talk about situations where
people fail after wasting three chances.
这个习语经常用于谈论某人错失三次良机后失败的情况。
【用法】
（1）当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词， 如activity、 point、
position、 situation、 case、 stage等， 如果引导词在从句中作状语，
常用关系副词where引导定语从句。
（2）如果引导词作主语、宾语或表语， 则用关系代词that或which引
导定语从句。
【品悟】 You could get into a situation where you have to decide
immediately.
你可能遇上一种情况，使你不得不立刻作出决定。
I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions
of my own.
我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段。
Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond
ourselves.
人生就像一次长跑，我们与他人竞争，进而超越自我。
【写美】 句型转换（改为含有关系副词引导的定语从句）
①Students should involve themselves in community activities.They can
gain experience for growth in community activities.
→Students should involve themselves in community activities
.
②Today， we’ll discuss a number of cases.Beginners of English fail to use
the language properly in the cases.
→Today， we’ll discuss a number of cases
.
③The house has been rebuilt.I lived in the house ten years ago.
→
where
they can gain experience for growth
where beginners of English
fail to use the language properly
The house where I lived ten years ago has been rebuilt.
句型公式：so引起的部分倒装结构
【教材原句】 Sport is challenging and so is life.体育运动充满了挑
战，生活同样也是如此。
【用法】
（1）so引起的部分倒装结构的构成：so＋情态动词/助动词/系动词＋
主语，意为“……也……”，表示前一句中主语肯定的情况也适用
于后者。在使用时应注意时态和前一句保持一致。
（2）如果前一句是否定句，常用neither或nor引导部分倒装结构。其
构成为：neither/nor＋情态动词/助动词/系动词＋主语，意为“……
也不……”，表示前一句中主语的否定情况也适用于后者。
【品悟】 My deskmate has heard of the news and so have I.
我同桌听说了这个消息，我也听说了。
I know that exam results are very important， but so are the after-school
activities.
我知道考试成绩很重要，但是课外活动也很重要。
【写美】 完成句子
①My father is a teacher and .
我父亲是教师，我妈妈也是教师。
②John spent the whole evening watching TV， and .
约翰看了一整晚的电视，杰克也一样。
③I have never been to Shanghai and .
我从来没去过上海，他也没去过。
④I didn’t believe a word she said and .
我不相信她说的每句话，警察也不相信。
so is my mother
so did Jack
neither/nor has he
neither/nor did the police
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. The newly-elected chairman has difficulty h so many tough
problems.
2. The sponsor was accused of giving false information to the i
company.
3. I agree with the plan while my friend has the o view.
4. Unfortunately， his plan b ， and he lost some of his loyal
customers.
5. It is regrettable that you should make such a r on that matter.
andling
nsurance
pposing
ackfired
emark
6. She removed the baby from the basin and placed him on a
clean （毛巾） for drying.
7. “Let the cat out of the bag” is an （习语） meaning to tell
a secret by mistake.
8. Can you explain the proverb “Strike while the （铁） is
hot”？
9. The team has dropped from second to third place in the （联
赛）.
10. Unfortunately， she lost her feeling below the （腰部）
after the car accident.
towel
idiom
iron
league
waist
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的适当形式填空。
1. Mercy to the enemies means （cruel） to the people.
2. The teaching of history should not be （limit） to dates and
figures.
3. In your life， you will be hurt by others； sometimes intentionally，
sometimes （intentional）.
4. If you want to make a （complain）， please follow the
correct procedure.
cruelty
limited
unintentionally
complaint
5. To be frank，my opponent was （literal） skillful so I
threw in the towel.
6. After graduation from college， I （gradual） adapted
myself to living on my own.
7. He （unselfish） shared his rich experience of solving
such problems with all of us.
8. Those （remark） persons， like Yuan Longping， set
good examples for us with their great courage and determination.
literally
gradually
unselfishly
remarkable
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1. 埃伦是个很棒的舞者，我希望我能跳得和她一样好。（虚拟语气）
Ellen is a fantastic dancer and I as well as her.
2. 我该怎么说才能让她开心呢？（make＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
What should I say to ？
3. 她现在住的房子曾经是村里的邮局。（关系副词引导的定语从句）
The house was once the village’s post office.
wish I danced
make her happy
where she lives now
4. 我的朋友汤姆住在杭州，他哥哥也住在杭州。（so引起的部分倒装
结构）
My friend Tom lives in Hangzhou， and .
5. 尽管森林公园很远，每年仍有很多游客前去游览。（让步状语
从句）
， a lot of tourists visit it
every year.
so does his elder brother
Even though/if the forest park is far away
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
Sport is 1. inseparable part of day-to-day life， and there are
lots of sports idioms that have found 2. way into everyday
language.For instance，“Scoring an own goal” in football 3.
（mean） accidentally kicking or heading the ball into one’s own net.The
venue where a baseball game is played 4.
an
their
means
（call） a ballpark and people use the expression “in the
ballpark” 5. “a ballpark estimate” to talk about rough
estimates.We often use the expression “throwing someone a curveball”
6. （describe） things unexpected and difficult to respond
7. .“Three strikes 8. you are out” is another idiom that
comes from baseball， often used to talk about situations where people fail
after wasting three chances.“Throwing 9. the towel” is another
common idiom that comes from boxing， 10. simply means
admitting defeat and giving up.
is called
or
to describe
to
and
in
which
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Since the modern Olympics began in 1896， it has been held in more
than 40 different cities.That gives Olympic fans quite a few possible travel
destinations to choose from！
Beijing， China
Olympic fans should consider visiting the Beijing Olympic Park to
check out the special buildings of the so-called “Bird’s Nest” and
“Water Cube” — the national stadium and aquatics center built for the
2008 Beijing Olympics.Popular historic places in Beijing include the
Palace Museum， the Summer Palace， and Tian’anmen Square.
Innsbruck， Austria
Located in the heart of the Alps， Innsbruck is known as a great
winter destination — which explains why it has hosted not one but two
Winter Olympics.Known for its mountainous views， Innsbruck is the
perfect stop for outdoor adventurers.
Mexico City， Mexico
This wonderful travel destination offers a wide number of popular
museums， historic buildings， and public parks.People will love
shopping for fresh meat and produce at the markets， taking a cooking
class， and generally eating their way through Mexico City， which is
especially known for its culinary （烹饪的） experiences that include both
globally well-known restaurants and locally favored street carts.
Melbourne， Australia
Nearly half a century before Sydney hosted the 2000 Summer
Olympics， Melbourne became the first Australian host city in 1956.Head
to the “cultural capital of Australia”， located in Victoria on the
southeastern coast， for an energetic café culture and art scene.Melbourne
offers something for every type of traveler and everyone can enjoy an
evening at one of the city’s many rooftop bars or a day of wine tasting.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个因为举办奥运
会而成为热门旅游景点的城市。
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个因为举办奥运
会而成为热门旅游景点的城市。
1. Where will you go if you are fond of adventure？
A. Beijing， China.
B. Mexico City， Mexico.
C. Innsbruck， Austria.
D. Melbourne， Australia.
解析： 细节理解题。根据Innsbruck， Austria部分中的
Known for its mountainous views， Innsbruck is the perfect stop
for outdoor adventurers.可知，如果你喜欢冒险，你会选择奥地
利的因斯布鲁克。
2. What can visitors do in Mexico City？
A. Enjoy wonderful culinary classes.
B. Get profit from making delicious food.
C. Admire beautiful mountainous views.
D. Visit special stadiums for the Olympics.
解析： 细节理解题。根据Mexico City， Mexico部分中的People
will love shopping for ... taking a cooking class可知，在墨西哥城的游
客可以体验精彩的烹饪课程。
3. What can we know about Melbourne？
A. It is famous for all kinds of wine.
B. It has many world-famous hotels.
C. It hosted the Summer Olympics twice.
D. It can satisfy different travelers’ needs.
解析： 细节理解题。根据Melbourne， Australia 部分中的
Melbourne offers something for every type of traveler ...可知，墨尔本
可以满足各种旅行者的需求。
B
As we age， even if we’re healthy， the heart just isn’t as efficient in
processing oxygen as it used to be.In most people the first signs show up in
their 50s or early 60s.And among people who don’t exercise， the changes
can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band.In the beginning， it is flexible， but put it
in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken，” says
Dr. Ben Levine， a heart specialist at the University of Texas.That’s what
happens to the heart.Fortunately for those in midlife， Levine is finding
that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser， getting in shape
now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and
64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy.Participants were
randomly divided into two groups.The first group participated in a program
of nonaerobic （无氧） exercise — balance training and weight
training — three times a week.The second group did high-intensity aerobic
exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.After
two years， the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart
health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or
35-year-old hearts，” says Levine.“And the reason they got so much
stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump
（泵送） a lot more blood during exercise. But the hearts of those who
participated in less intense exercise didn’t change，” he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising， if you haven’t already，
is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility，” Levine
says.“We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training
program， and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr.Nieca Goldberg， a spokeswoman for the American Heart
Association， says Levine’s findings are a great start.But the study was
small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to
determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest
difference.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了锻炼，尤其是有氧
运动，对心脏有好处。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了锻炼，尤其是有氧
运动，对心脏有好处。
4. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band？
A. The right way of exercising.
B. The causes of a heart attack.
C. The difficulty of keeping fit.
D. The aging process of the heart.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及第二段中的That’s
what happens to the heart.可知，莱文想通过橡皮筋的变化过程来解
释心脏的老化过程，即橡皮筋在抽屉里放20年会从有弹性变得易
断，心脏也是如此。
5. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research
design？
A. Diet plan.
B. Professional background.
C. Exercise type.
D. Previous physical condition.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，第一组每周进行无
氧运动，第二组每周进行有氧运动。结合选项可知，两组在研究设
计上的不同在于运动类型的不同。
6. What does Levine’s research find？
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do， the stronger our hearts get.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句以及第三段中的The
second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise ... After two years， the
second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.可知，参加
有氧运动的实验小组的成员是45－64岁的中年人，且在两年后他们
的心脏健康情况有了显著改善。由此可知，有氧运动可以使中年人
的心脏变得更年轻。
7. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest？
A. Making use of the findings.
B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research.
D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，妮卡·戈德堡
博士认为这次实验规模太小，建议进行进一步的研究。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
In the modern busy life， there are a large number of immigrants
（移民） who have been willing to have a comfortable life in other
nations.Many advocate that people should follow the local customs and
traditions when they settle in a new country. 8 People will face
problems and enjoy benefits from local customs.
There are two important reasons why newcomers should bring
themselves into the local culture in the host country.Firstly， the refusal to
adapt to host environment would create a cultural barrier for
immigrants. 9 The loneliness in turn has negative influences on
people’s lives.
Secondly， it is true that limited knowledge of local customs may
result in some illegal actions in the host country and make local people
unpleased.For instance， Singapore is one of the cleanest countries in
Asia. 10
11 One is that if immigrants behave in agreement with the local
norms （规范）， they will be accepted easily by local people.As a
result， they can easily gain respect as well as help from the locals.For
example， when a company wants to expand its production in a new
country， it must be aware of business practices there， which provide it
with useful information to maximize profits.Another benefit is that
newcomers might gain the richness of knowledge through the local
customs and traditions. 12 In many festivals， people are able to join
freely and feel harmonious like their own country.
A. It also creates social loneliness.
B. Visitors are asked to clean the street.
C. Personally， I strongly agree with this idea.
D. They will be appreciated and offered a good job.
E. It enables them to join in the activities of the community.
F. Anyone who leaves rubbish in public is considered ill-mannered.
G. Newcomers can gain some benefits if they adopt the customs of a new
country.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了外来移民如果想要
更好地在异国他乡生活，就应该了解并适应当地的风俗习惯。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了外来移民如果想要
更好地在异国他乡生活，就应该了解并适应当地的风俗习惯。
8. C 上文提出一些人认为移民应该遵循当地的风俗习惯。空后阐述
了这样做是有益的。C项（就我个人而言，我非常赞同这样的观点）
承上启下，符合语境。
9. A 上文提出拒绝适应东道国的环境会产生不利影响，给移民造成
文化障碍。下文则提出孤独感相应地也会对人们的生活产生负面影
响。A项（这也会带来社交孤独）与上下文一致，为另一个不利影
响，且引出了孤独感。
10. F 上文提出缺乏对当地风俗习惯的了解可能会造成一些在东道国
不合法的行为或者让当地人不满意，并以新加坡为例。F项（任何人
在公共场所扔垃圾都被认为是没有礼貌的）与“新加坡是亚洲最干净
的国家之一”语义一致，能够支持上文观点。
11. G 根据下文One is that ... Another benefit is that ... 可知，本段主要
介绍的是了解当地习俗所带来的好处。G项（如果新来者接受了一个
新国家的风俗习惯，他们可以获得一些好处）能概括本段主旨，符合
语境。
12. E 下文提到人们可以参与当地的节日活动，这与E项（这使他们
能够参加社区的活动）语义一致，且E项中的enables them to join与下
文的people are able to join相呼应。
Ⅲ.完形填空
We often live in a spin （漩涡） of emotions happening at the same
time inside.At times， it can seem like a bit too much to 13 .
Five years ago， my dad got Parkinson’s disease.I remember the day I
was 14 by the reality of his sickness.I was at home for a visit when I
saw my dad 15 to stand up from his chair.I witnessed the 16 in
his face as he tried to do what he’d done so 17 for so many years.And
this was only the 18 of what would be a long journey for him and my
family.In recent years， my dad has begun to 19 his ability to do
simple tasks on his own.
I’ve been 20 as I am often overwhelmed （陷入） with a deep
sense of 21 for my dad while trying to continue to live joyfully.
One day， I talked to a friend， “If only I could be 22 in grief
and not have to 23 other emotions at the same time， then this
wouldn’t be so hard， right？” That friend said，“You cannot block out
joy 24 blocking out grief — grief and joy go hand in hand.And joy is
actually a 25 of grief.Like finishing a marathon， you experience the
feeling of 26 after running all those miles.”
Today， I’m choosing to allow some of these emotions to
live 27 .I need them all.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。父亲的病痛让作者慢慢学会接
纳多种情绪同时在内心涌动。
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。父亲的病痛让作者慢慢学会接
纳多种情绪同时在内心涌动。
13. A. tell B. choose C. bear D. imagine
解析： 根据下文的other emotions at the same time和I’m choosing
to allow some of these emotions to live 27 . I need them all可知，
该处表示有时候很多情绪一起在我们的内心涌动，这让人有些难
以承受。
14. A. amused B. struck
C. hurt D. confused
解析： 根据上文的my dad got Parkinson’s disease和下文对父亲
疾病的具体描述可知，作者的父亲得了帕金森症。目睹父亲疾病
的情况，让作者很受触动。
15. A. hesitating B. demanding
C. volunteering D. struggling
解析： 根据本段中的Parkinson’s disease可知，作者的父亲当时
挣扎着想要站起来，但失败了，因此脸上露出了恼火的神情，因
为这么简单的事情在以前对他而言是轻而易举就能做到的。
16. A. doubt B. annoyance
C. relief D. regret
解析： 参见上题解析。
17. A. effortlessly B. helplessly
C. tirelessly D. carelessly
解析： 参见第15题解析。
18. A. beginning B. meaning
C. matter D. task
解析： 根据下文的a long journey可知，当时只是父亲长期和疾
病作斗争的开始，近几年，连最简单的事情，父亲都没办法靠自
己做到了。
19. A. show B. have C. lose D. test
解析： 参见上题解析。
20. A. escaping B. battling
C. exploring D. failing
解析： 根据上文作者对父亲生病情况的描述和下文的If only I
could be 22 in grief and not have to 23 other emotions at the
same time， then this wouldn’t be so hard， right？可知，作者当时
一方面会因为父亲生病而难过，另一方面还得努力生活，让自己
过得开心一些， 这种矛盾的情绪让她有些不堪重负。
21. A. responsibility B. fairness
C. sadness D. comfort
解析： 参见上题解析。
22. A. necessarily B. completely
C. naturally D. frequently
解析： 根据下文的You cannot block out joy 24 blocking out
grief — grief and joy go hand in hand.可知，作者希望自己能完全沉
浸在悲伤的情绪中，而不用被其他情绪拉扯。
23. A. control B. express
C. influence D. experience
解析： 参见上题解析。
24. A. beyond B. despite
C. without D. through
解析： 根据下文的grief and joy go hand in hand可知，悲伤和喜
悦“携手同行”，你将喜悦拒之门外的同时，也不能体会到悲伤
的情绪。
25. A. way B. result C. chance D. standard
解析： 根据下文的Like finishing a marathon， you experience the
feeling of 26 after running all those miles.可知，喜悦是悲伤的结
果，就像完成一场马拉松，你得跑完好多公里，承受那种苦，才
能享受成就带来的快感。
26. A. encouragement B. disappointment
C. judgement D. achievement
解析： 参见上题解析。
27. A. happily B. silently
C. together D. apart
解析： 根据下文的I need them all.可知，现在的作者学会了让多
种情绪一起共存。
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
Though his father， grandmothers， uncles， aunts and cousins were
all going to be there， it would be the first time for Hasan， a thoroughly
pampered （娇生惯养的） child， to be without the constant mothering
of his helicopter mother.
At first Hasan tried to emotionally blackmail （要挟） his mother
into not going， but after she promised to bring back his favourite toys and
candies， he unwillingly let her go.
When he went to drop off his mother at the airport， he had teary eyes
as he wondered how he was going to survive without her for the next two
weeks. Although he felt like crying like a baby， he was too embarrassed
to cry out loud. But when his father hugged him， Hasan couldn’t stop
crying in his arms.
When they returned home， Hasan， who had always been told by
his mother what to do， now had no one to tell him to wash his hands or
finish his dinner.Though he was very upset about his mother’s leaving，
suddenly he also realised the potential for partying， away from his
mother’s discipline （管教）.
There would be no checks or balances. He could stay up late， eat junk
food and use the Internet to his heart’s content.
Back from school， he would think， “Homework？ I’ll make the
most of my freedom and have some fun instead！” Hasan started to stay
up till he could no longer stay awake and then woke up with a lot of
difficulty at seven in the morning， barely making it to school on time. But
after a few days， his partying started catching up with him. In school，
he was barely managing to stay awake. Things started getting out of
control. His homework remained undone. He failed his tests. He felt weak
from eating only junk food.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
One day， his teacher finally demanded to know what was going
on with him.
The teacher’s words sank into his brain and made sense to him.
参考范文：
One day， his teacher finally demanded to know what was going on
with him.When Hasan told her things were not in order because his mother
was not in town， he was expecting a kind smile and sympathetic
words.However， he got a wake-up talk from the teacher.“You are old
enough to take care of yourself.It’s not your mother’s job to handle your
schoolwork.You have to be responsible for your own attendance，
homework and test preparation.Is she the student or are you the
student？”
The teacher’s words sank into his brain and made sense to him.When
Hasan went home， he ate a proper home-made dinner.Then， for the first
time， he did his homework without anyone reminding him of it.He felt a
sense of accomplishment.He went to bed early that evening and reached his
school on time the next morning， where the teacher gave him a big smile
and a thumbs-up.Hasan decided he was going to surprise his mother by
showing her he had grown up to be a responsible boy.
谢谢观看！Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.The newly-elected chairman has difficulty h so many tough problems.
2.The sponsor was accused of giving false information to the i company.
3.I agree with the plan while my friend has the o view.
4.Unfortunately， his plan b ， and he lost some of his loyal customers.
5.It is regrettable that you should make such a r on that matter.
6.She removed the baby from the basin and placed him on a clean （毛巾） for drying.
7.“Let the cat out of the bag” is an （习语） meaning to tell a secret by mistake.
8.Can you explain the proverb “Strike while the （铁） is hot”？
9.The team has dropped from second to third place in the （联赛）.
10.Unfortunately， she lost her feeling below the （腰部） after the car accident.
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的适当形式填空。
1.Mercy to the enemies means （cruel） to the people.
2.The teaching of history should not be （limit） to dates and figures.
3.In your life， you will be hurt by others； sometimes intentionally， sometimes （intentional）.
4.If you want to make a （complain）， please follow the correct procedure.
5.To be frank，my opponent was （literal） skillful so I threw in the towel.
6.After graduation from college， I （gradual） adapted myself to living on my own.
7.He （unselfish） shared his rich experience of solving such problems with all of us.
8.Those （remark） persons， like Yuan Longping， set good examples for us with their great courage and determination.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1.埃伦是个很棒的舞者，我希望我能跳得和她一样好。（虚拟语气）
Ellen is a fantastic dancer and I as well as her.
2.我该怎么说才能让她开心呢？（make＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
What should I say to ？
3.她现在住的房子曾经是村里的邮局。（关系副词引导的定语从句）
The house was once the village’s post office.
4.我的朋友汤姆住在杭州，他哥哥也住在杭州。（so引起的部分倒装结构）
My friend Tom lives in Hangzhou， and .
5.尽管森林公园很远，每年仍有很多游客前去游览。（让步状语从句）
， a lot of tourists visit it every year.
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sport is 1. inseparable part of day-to-day life， and there are lots of sports idioms that have found 2. way into everyday language.For instance，“Scoring an own goal” in football 3. （mean） accidentally kicking or heading the ball into one’s own net.The venue where a baseball game is played 4. （call） a ballpark and people use the expression “in the ballpark” 5. “a ballpark estimate” to talk about rough estimates.We often use the expression “throwing someone a curveball” 6. （describe） things unexpected and difficult to respond 7. .“Three strikes 8. you are out” is another idiom that comes from baseball， often used to talk about situations where people fail after wasting three chances.“Throwing 9. the towel” is another common idiom that comes from boxing， 10. simply means admitting defeat and giving up.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Since the modern Olympics began in 1896， it has been held in more than 40 different cities.That gives Olympic fans quite a few possible travel destinations to choose from！
Beijing， China
Olympic fans should consider visiting the Beijing Olympic Park to check out the special buildings of the so-called “Bird’s Nest” and “Water Cube” — the national stadium and aquatics center built for the 2008 Beijing Olympics.Popular historic places in Beijing include the Palace Museum， the Summer Palace， and Tian’anmen Square.
Innsbruck， Austria
Located in the heart of the Alps， Innsbruck is known as a great winter destination — which explains why it has hosted not one but two Winter Olympics.Known for its mountainous views， Innsbruck is the perfect stop for outdoor adventurers.
Mexico City， Mexico
This wonderful travel destination offers a wide number of popular museums， historic buildings， and public parks.People will love shopping for fresh meat and produce at the markets， taking a cooking class， and generally eating their way through Mexico City， which is especially known for its culinary （烹饪的） experiences that include both globally well-known restaurants and locally favored street carts.
Melbourne， Australia
Nearly half a century before Sydney hosted the 2000 Summer Olympics， Melbourne became the first Australian host city in 1956.Head to the “cultural capital of Australia”， located in Victoria on the southeastern coast， for an energetic café culture and art scene.Melbourne offers something for every type of traveler and everyone can enjoy an evening at one of the city’s many rooftop bars or a day of wine tasting.
1.Where will you go if you are fond of adventure？
A.Beijing， China.
B.Mexico City， Mexico.
C.Innsbruck， Austria.
D.Melbourne， Australia.
2.What can visitors do in Mexico City？
A.Enjoy wonderful culinary classes.
B.Get profit from making delicious food.
C.Admire beautiful mountainous views.
D.Visit special stadiums for the Olympics.
3.What can we know about Melbourne？
A.It is famous for all kinds of wine.
B.It has many world-famous hotels.
C.It hosted the Summer Olympics twice.
D.It can satisfy different travelers’ needs.
B
As we age， even if we’re healthy， the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be.In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s.And among people who don’t exercise， the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band.In the beginning， it is flexible， but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken，” says Dr. Ben Levine， a heart specialist at the University of Texas.That’s what happens to the heart.Fortunately for those in midlife， Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser， getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy.Participants were randomly divided into two groups.The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic （无氧） exercise — balance training and weight training — three times a week.The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.After two years， the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts，” says Levine.“And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump （泵送） a lot more blood during exercise. But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change，” he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising， if you haven’t already， is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility，” Levine says.“We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program， and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr.Nieca Goldberg， a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association， says Levine’s findings are a great start.But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
4.What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band？
A.The right way of exercising.
B.The causes of a heart attack.
C.The difficulty of keeping fit.
D.The aging process of the heart.
5.In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design？
A.Diet plan.
B.Professional background.
C.Exercise type.
D.Previous physical condition.
6.What does Levine’s research find？
A.Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B.High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C.It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D.The more exercise we do， the stronger our hearts get.
7.What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest？
A.Making use of the findings.
B.Interviewing the study participants.
C.Conducting further research.
D.Clarifying the purpose of the study.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
In the modern busy life， there are a large number of immigrants （移民） who have been willing to have a comfortable life in other nations.Many advocate that people should follow the local customs and traditions when they settle in a new country. 8 People will face problems and enjoy benefits from local customs.
There are two important reasons why newcomers should bring themselves into the local culture in the host country.Firstly， the refusal to adapt to host environment would create a cultural barrier for immigrants. 9 The loneliness in turn has negative influences on people’s lives.
Secondly， it is true that limited knowledge of local customs may result in some illegal actions in the host country and make local people unpleased.For instance， Singapore is one of the cleanest countries in Asia. 10
11 One is that if immigrants behave in agreement with the local norms （规范）， they will be accepted easily by local people.As a result， they can easily gain respect as well as help from the locals.For example， when a company wants to expand its production in a new country， it must be aware of business practices there， which provide it with useful information to maximize profits.Another benefit is that newcomers might gain the richness of knowledge through the local customs and traditions. 12 In many festivals， people are able to join freely and feel harmonious like their own country.
A.It also creates social loneliness.
B.Visitors are asked to clean the street.
C.Personally， I strongly agree with this idea.
D.They will be appreciated and offered a good job.
E.It enables them to join in the activities of the community.
F.Anyone who leaves rubbish in public is considered ill-mannered.
G.Newcomers can gain some benefits if they adopt the customs of a new country.
8. 9. 10.
11. 12.
Ⅲ.完形填空
We often live in a spin （漩涡） of emotions happening at the same time inside.At times， it can seem like a bit too much to 13 .
Five years ago， my dad got Parkinson’s disease.I remember the day I was 14 by the reality of his sickness.I was at home for a visit when I saw my dad 15 to stand up from his chair.I witnessed the 16 in his face as he tried to do what he’d done so 17 for so many years.And this was only the 18 of what would be a long journey for him and my family.In recent years， my dad has begun to 19 his ability to do simple tasks on his own.
I’ve been 20 as I am often overwhelmed （陷入） with a deep sense of 21 for my dad while trying to continue to live joyfully.
One day， I talked to a friend， “If only I could be 22 in grief and not have to 23 other emotions at the same time， then this wouldn’t be so hard， right？” That friend said，“You cannot block out joy 24 blocking out grief — grief and joy go hand in hand.And joy is actually a 25 of grief.Like finishing a marathon， you experience the feeling of 26 after running all those miles.”
Today， I’m choosing to allow some of these emotions to live 27 .I need them all.
13.A.tell B.choose
C.bear D.imagine
14.A.amused B.struck
C.hurt D.confused
15.A.hesitating B.demanding
C.volunteering D.struggling
16.A.doubt B.annoyance
C.relief D.regret
17.A.effortlessly B.helplessly
C.tirelessly D.carelessly
18.A.beginning B.meaning
C.matter D.task
19.A.show B.have
C.lose D.test
20.A.escaping B.battling
C.exploring D.failing
21.A.responsibility B.fairness
C.sadness D.comfort
22.A.necessarily B.completely
C.naturally D.frequently
23.A.control B.express
C.influence D.experience
24.A.beyond B.despite
C.without D.through
25.A.way B.result
C.chance D.standard
26.A.encouragement B.disappointment
C.judgement D.achievement
27.A.happily B.silently
C.together D.apart
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Though his father， grandmothers， uncles， aunts and cousins were all going to be there， it would be the first time for Hasan， a thoroughly pampered （娇生惯养的） child， to be without the constant mothering of his helicopter mother.
At first Hasan tried to emotionally blackmail （要挟） his mother into not going， but after she promised to bring back his favourite toys and candies， he unwillingly let her go.
When he went to drop off his mother at the airport， he had teary eyes as he wondered how he was going to survive without her for the next two weeks. Although he felt like crying like a baby， he was too embarrassed to cry out loud. But when his father hugged him， Hasan couldn’t stop crying in his arms.
When they returned home， Hasan， who had always been told by his mother what to do， now had no one to tell him to wash his hands or finish his dinner.Though he was very upset about his mother’s leaving， suddenly he also realised the potential for partying， away from his mother’s discipline （管教）.There would be no checks or balances. He could stay up late， eat junk food and use the Internet to his heart’s content.
Back from school， he would think， “Homework？ I’ll make the most of my freedom and have some fun instead！” Hasan started to stay up till he could no longer stay awake and then woke up with a lot of difficulty at seven in the morning， barely making it to school on time. But after a few days， his partying started catching up with him. In school， he was barely managing to stay awake. Things started getting out of control. His homework remained undone. He failed his tests. He felt weak from eating only junk food.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
One day， his teacher finally demanded to know what was going on with him.
The teacher’s words sank into his brain and made sense to him.
Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
基础知识自测
维度一
1.handling 2.insurance 3.opposing 4.backfired
5.remark 6.towel 7.idiom 8.iron 9.league 10.waist
维度二
1.cruelty 2.limited 3.unintentionally 4.complaint
5.literally 6.gradually 7.unselfishly 8.remarkable
维度三
1.wish I danced
2.make her happy
3.where she lives now
4.so does his elder brother
5.Even though/if the forest park is far away
维度四
1.an 2.their 3.means 4.is called 5.or 6.to describe
7.to 8.and 9.in 10.which
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个因为举办奥运会而成为热门旅游景点的城市。
1.C 细节理解题。根据Innsbruck， Austria部分中的Known for its mountainous views， Innsbruck is the perfect stop for outdoor adventurers.可知，如果你喜欢冒险，你会选择奥地利的因斯布鲁克。
2.A 细节理解题。根据Mexico City， Mexico部分中的People will love shopping for ... taking a cooking class可知，在墨西哥城的游客可以体验精彩的烹饪课程。
3.D 细节理解题。根据Melbourne， Australia 部分中的Melbourne offers something for every type of traveler ...可知，墨尔本可以满足各种旅行者的需求。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了锻炼，尤其是有氧运动，对心脏有好处。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及第二段中的That’s what happens to the heart.可知，莱文想通过橡皮筋的变化过程来解释心脏的老化过程，即橡皮筋在抽屉里放20年会从有弹性变得易断，心脏也是如此。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，第一组每周进行无氧运动，第二组每周进行有氧运动。结合选项可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句以及第三段中的The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise ... After two years， the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.可知，参加有氧运动的实验小组的成员是45－64岁的中年人，且在两年后他们的心脏健康情况有了显著改善。由此可知，有氧运动可以使中年人的心脏变得更年轻。
7.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士认为这次实验规模太小，建议进行进一步的研究。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了外来移民如果想要更好地在异国他乡生活，就应该了解并适应当地的风俗习惯。
8.C 上文提出一些人认为移民应该遵循当地的风俗习惯。空后阐述了这样做是有益的。C项（就我个人而言，我非常赞同这样的观点）承上启下，符合语境。
9.A 上文提出拒绝适应东道国的环境会产生不利影响，给移民造成文化障碍。下文则提出孤独感相应地也会对人们的生活产生负面影响。A项（这也会带来社交孤独）与上下文一致，为另一个不利影响，且引出了孤独感。
10.F 上文提出缺乏对当地风俗习惯的了解可能会造成一些在东道国不合法的行为或者让当地人不满意，并以新加坡为例。F项（任何人在公共场所扔垃圾都被认为是没有礼貌的）与“新加坡是亚洲最干净的国家之一”语义一致，能够支持上文观点。
11.G 根据下文One is that ... Another benefit is that ... 可知，本段主要介绍的是了解当地习俗所带来的好处。G项（如果新来者接受了一个新国家的风俗习惯，他们可以获得一些好处）能概括本段主旨，符合语境。
12.E 下文提到人们可以参与当地的节日活动，这与E项（这使他们能够参加社区的活动）语义一致，且E项中的enables them to join与下文的people are able to join相呼应。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。父亲的病痛让作者慢慢学会接纳多种情绪同时在内心涌动。
13.C 根据下文的other emotions at the same time和I’m choosing to allow some of these emotions to live 27 . I need them all可知，该处表示有时候很多情绪一起在我们的内心涌动，这让人有些难以承受。
14.B 根据上文的my dad got Parkinson’s disease和下文对父亲疾病的具体描述可知，作者的父亲得了帕金森症。目睹父亲疾病的情况，让作者很受触动。
15.D 根据本段中的Parkinson’s disease可知，作者的父亲当时挣扎着想要站起来，但失败了，因此脸上露出了恼火的神情，因为这么简单的事情在以前对他而言是轻而易举就能做到的。
16.B 参见上题解析。
17.A 参见第15题解析。
18.A 根据下文的a long journey可知，当时只是父亲长期和疾病作斗争的开始，近几年，连最简单的事情，父亲都没办法靠自己做到了。
19.C 参见上题解析。
20.B 根据上文作者对父亲生病情况的描述和下文的If only I could be 22 in grief and not have to 23 other emotions at the same time， then this wouldn’t be so hard， right？可知，作者当时一方面会因为父亲生病而难过，另一方面还得努力生活，让自己过得开心一些， 这种矛盾的情绪让她有些不堪重负。
21.C 参见上题解析。
22.B 根据下文的You cannot block out joy 24 blocking out grief — grief and joy go hand in hand.可知，作者希望自己能完全沉浸在悲伤的情绪中，而不用被其他情绪拉扯。
23.D 参见上题解析。
24.C 根据下文的grief and joy go hand in hand可知，悲伤和喜悦“携手同行”，你将喜悦拒之门外的同时，也不能体会到悲伤的情绪。
25.B 根据下文的Like finishing a marathon， you experience the feeling of 26 after running all those miles.可知，喜悦是悲伤的结果，就像完成一场马拉松，你得跑完好多公里，承受那种苦，才能享受成就带来的快感。
26.D 参见上题解析。
27.C 根据下文的I need them all.可知，现在的作者学会了让多种情绪一起共存。
Ⅳ.
参考范文：
One day， his teacher finally demanded to know what was going on with him.When Hasan told her things were not in order because his mother was not in town， he was expecting a kind smile and sympathetic words.However， he got a wake-up talk from the teacher.“You are old enough to take care of yourself.It’s not your mother’s job to handle your schoolwork.You have to be responsible for your own attendance， homework and test preparation.Is she the student or are you the student？”
The teacher’s words sank into his brain and made sense to him.When Hasan went home， he ate a proper home-made dinner.Then， for the first time， he did his homework without anyone reminding him of it.He felt a sense of accomplishment.He went to bed early that evening and reached his school on time the next morning， where the teacher gave him a big smile and a thumbs-up.Hasan decided he was going to surprise his mother by showing her he had grown up to be a responsible boy.
6 / 6Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
Sports idioms①
Every language has its idioms， which are groups of words with meanings different from the meanings of the individual words②.[1]Idioms make language more colourful and expressive.[2]Since sport is an inseparable③ part of day-to-day life， there are lots of sports idioms that have found their way into④ everyday language.Let’s take a look at some of them！
[1]本句的基本结构是“主语＋make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。
[2]句中Since引导原因状语从句；主句为there be句型；that引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词sports idioms。
Football
Football （or soccer， as it is called in the USA） is one of the most popular sports in the world and many countries have their own football leagues⑤.The English language is full of idioms which are thought to have come from football.
[3]As you know， in a football match， players try to kick or head⑥ the ball into the opposing⑦ team’s goal⑧， which is the net⑨ between two big goalposts⑩ fixed to the ground.[4]Can you imagine that every time you have a chance to score ， the goalposts are moved？ That would be not only difficult， but also upsetting .If someone “moves the goalposts ” in everyday life， it means they unfairly change the rules or requirements for something.An insurance salesman who is about to reach his annual sales target ， only for the company to make the target higher， could rightly complain about the company moving the goalposts.
Thankfully， goalposts do not really move — but when a player scores an own goal， he or she might wish they did.[5]“Scoring an own goal ” in football means accidentally kicking or heading the ball into one’s own net， and it is one of the worst things that can happen to a football player.If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally harms their own interests， they are said to have scored an own goal.You might see this expression in the newspapers when the local council makes a decision which backfires terribly！
【读文清障】
①idiom n.习语，成语
sports idioms体育习语
②the individual words 单独的词
③inseparable adj.不可分离的，分不开的
④find one’s way into偶然来到，无意中处于
⑤league n.联赛；等级，级别
football leagues 足球联赛
⑥head vt.用头顶（球）
⑦opposing adj.对抗的；相反的
⑧goal n.球门
⑨net n.（the net）球门网；网，网状物
⑩goalpost n.球门柱
fix vt.安装；使固定
score vi.进球
upsetting adj.令人不快（或忧虑、苦恼）的
move the goalposts改变条件（或规则）
change the rules or requirements
改变规则或要求
insurance n.保险业；保险；保险费
insurance salesman 保险销售员
annual sales target 年度销售目标
complain vi.& vt.抱怨，投诉
score an own goal 进乌龙球；无意中做让自己吃亏的事
unintentionally adv.无意地，非故意地
expression n.表达；表达方式
council n.政务委员会，地方议会；市政服务机构；委员会
backfire vi.产生事与愿违的不良（或危险）后果
[3]本句含有两个定语从句：As引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，对其进行说明；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the opposing team’s goal；动词-ed短语fixed to the ground作后置定语，修饰goalposts。
[4]that引导宾语从句，并且宾语从句中含有every time引导的时间状语从句；动词不定式to score作后置定语，修饰名词chance。
[5]本句整体上是一个由and连接的并列句。前一分句中，主语和宾语都是动词-ing短语；后一个分句中，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词things，先行词前有最高级worst修饰，关系代词只能用that。
Baseball
Baseball is an old and popular sport that has given the English language many different idioms.You might have heard expressions like “in the ballpark ” or “a ballpark estimate ”.The venue where a baseball game is played is called a ballpark.[6]So， even if we do not know exactly where the ball is during the game， we can assume that it is somewhere in the ballpark. For this reason， people use the expression “in the ballpark” or “a ballpark estimate” to talk about rough estimates.
Another common baseball expression is “throwing someone a curveball ”.[7]Curveballs are balls that suddenly turn in the air， and these are of course difficult for the other team to handle .We use this expression to describe things that are unexpected and difficult to respond to.“Three strikes and you are out ” is another idiom that comes from baseball.As it suggests， in baseball this means that a batter （the person with the baseball bat in his or her hands） is out after making three unsuccessful attempts to hit the ball.[8]This idiom is often used to talk about situations where people fail after wasting three chances.
[6]even if引导让步状语从句，从句中where引导宾语从句，作动词know的宾语；主句中含有一个that引导的宾语从句。
[7]本句是一个由and连接的并列句。前一分句中含有一个that引导的定语从句，that在定语从句中作主语；后一分句是“主语＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋动词不定式”结构，these与handle为逻辑上的动宾关系。
[8]句中where引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词situations。
Boxing
[9]English also has a large number of idioms connected with boxing， which has been a popular sport for thousands of years.A boxer is not allowed to use his or her fists to hit the opponent below the waist .[10]Hence comes the idiom “below the belt ”.In day-to-day life， if someone makes an unfair and cruel remark ， we can describe it as “below the belt”.
[9]动词-ed短语connected with boxing作后置定语，修饰名词idioms；which引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词boxing。
[10]本句为副词hence置于句首引起的完全倒装句。
ballpark n.棒球场；变动范围
in the ballpark
差不多
estimate n.（对数量、成本等的）估计
a ballpark estimate
大致相近的估计
venue n.活动场地
curveball n.曲线球
throw sb a curveball
给某人出难题
handle vt.处理，应付；控制，操纵n.把手，拉手；柄
three strikes and you are out三振出局
attempt n.尝试
fist n.拳，拳头
waist n.腰，腰部；（衣服的）腰部
below the belt
不公正的，伤人的
cruel adj.
刻毒伤人的，残酷的
remark n.谈论，言论 vi.& vt.说起，评论
“Throwing in the towel ” is another common idiom that comes from boxing.When a boxer is losing badly and is too tired or confused to give up on his or her own， the coach will literally throw a towel into the ring to end the fight.In everyday life， this idiom simply means admitting defeat and giving up.
[11]Sport is challenging and so is life.[12]However， when you are thrown a curveball， do not throw in the towel — work hard， be careful not to score an own goal， and you are sure to make it ！
[11]本句是由and连接的并列句。后一个分句是“so＋系动词＋主语”结构。
[12]本句中含有“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型，此时祈使句表示条件。
towel n.毛巾，抹布，纸巾
throw in the towel
认输，承认失败
literally adv.真正地，确实地；按字面，字面上
make it（经历艰难困苦后）成功
【参考译文】
体育习语
每种语言都有自己的习语。习语是一组词汇，它的意思不同于每个单独的词。习语让语言更为丰富多彩、更具表现力。由于体育运动是日常生活中不可缺失的一部分，许多体育习语也已融入人们的日常语言。让我们来看看其中几个吧！
足球
足球（在美国又叫 soccer）是世界上最受欢迎的体育运动之一，许多国家都有自己的足球联赛。英语中有许多习语被认为源自足球。
如你所知，在一场足球比赛中，球员们试图将球踢进或顶进对方球队的球门，也就是固定在地上的两根粗大门柱之间的那张球门网。你能想象，每次你有机会进球时，门柱却被移动了吗？那样的情形不仅难以应对，而且令人沮丧。如果在日常生活中有人 move the goalposts （改变条件或规则），这意味着这些人不公正地改变了某件事情的规则或要求。如果一位保险销售员就快达到年度销售目标了，而公司却在这时提高了销售目标，那么他就可以正当地抱怨公司 move the goalposts。
谢天谢地，门柱并不会真的移动——但是当一名球员 score an own goal （进乌龙球）时，他或她说不定会希望球门真能移动。在足球中，进乌龙球的意思是不小心将球踢进或顶进了自己队的球门，而这是一名球员所能遇到的最糟糕的情况之一。如果有人犯下了无意中损害自身利益的严重错误，那么人们就会说，这样的人是在进乌龙球。如果地方议会作出了一项决策，结果却适得其反，那么你也许就会在报纸上看到这个说法！
棒球
棒球是一项古老而广受欢迎的体育运动，它也为英语提供了许多不同的习语。你也许听过in the ballpark （差不多）或是a ballpark estimate （大致相近的估计）这样的说法。进行棒球比赛的场地被称为棒球场。因此，即便我们在棒球比赛中并不知道球的准确位置，我们仍然可以认定它就在球场内的某处。为此，人们会用in the ballpark 或者 a ballpark estimate 这样的说法来谈论粗略的估计。
另一个常见的棒球相关说法是 throw someone a curveball （给某人出难题）。曲线球是指能在空中突然转向的球，而这种球必然会让对方球队难以应付。我们用这个说法来形容那些出乎意料又难以应对的事情。three strikes and you are out （三振出局）是另一个来自棒球的习语。正如字面意思所说，三振出局在棒球运动中指的是击球手 （手持棒球球棒的人） 如果连续三次未能击中，就会出局。这个习语经常用于谈论某人错失三次良机后失败的情况。
拳击
英语中也有大量习语与拳击有关，这是一项数千年来一直很受欢迎的运动。拳击手不允许用拳头击打对手腰部以下的部位。因此有了 below the belt （不正当的，伤人的） 这个习语。在日常生活中，如果有人发表了有失公允的刻薄评论，我们就可以形容这种评论是 below the belt。
throw in the towel （认输；承认失败） 是另一个来自拳击的常用习语。当一名拳击手输得很惨，并且因太过疲惫或思维太混乱而无法自己宣告放弃时，教练就会真的扔一条毛巾到擂台上，示意结束对抗。在日常生活中，这个习语就是“承认失败，放弃”的意思。
体育运动充满了挑战，生活同样也是如此。然而，当你遇到难题时，不要放弃——努力奋斗，注意别进乌龙球，你就一定会成功！
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.Why are sports idioms common in everyday language？
A.Because people are interested in sports.
B.Because sport has a long history.
C.Because there are a lot of sports events.
D.Because sport plays an important part in global culture.
2.If someone changes the rules in a situation or an activity， which idiom can we use？
A.Throw in the towel.
B.Below the belt.
C.Move the goalposts.
D.Score an own goal.
3.If a local council makes a decision which backfires， we can say .
A.it scores an own goal
B.it is below the belt
C.it throws in the towel
D.it throws someone a curveball
4.If someone makes things difficult for others on purpose， which idiom can we use？
A.Throw someone a curveball.
B.Below the belt.
C.Score an own goal.
D.Move the goalposts.
5.If someone makes an unfair and cruel remark on others， which idiom can we use？
A.Move the goalposts.
B.Below the belt.
C.Score an own goal.
D.Throw someone a curveball.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）形容词＋后缀-ty变名词
①cruel adj.刻毒伤人的，残酷的→cruelty n.残酷，暴行
②special adj.特殊的；特别的→specialty n.特长，专长
③loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的→loyalty n.忠诚
④certain adj.确实的；确定的→certainty n.必然的事；确信；确定性
（2）形容词＋后缀-ly变副词
①literal adj.字面意义的；完全按原文的→literally adv.真正地，确实地；按字面，字面上
②equal adj.相等的；平等的→equally adv.相等地；同等地
③consequent adj.随之而来的；随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；结果
④absolute adj.完全的；全部的；绝对的→absolutely adv.绝对地
⑤accurate adj.精确的；正确无误的；准确的→accurately adv.准确地
⑥total adj.全部的；总的；完全的→totally adv.完全地
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
习语也称惯用语，是经过人们长期运用、已经相对固定的表达方式。英语中存在着大量的习语，这些习语言简意赅、形象生动，有着丰富的文化内涵。适当掌握一些常用的习语，对英语学习有重要的促进作用。
请选用课文中提到的体育习语完成下面句子。
①The professor his students when he asked them to work out possible solutions to the problem of drinking water in Africa.
②There is no need to feel ashamed to because it may save you from wasting your time， which can be used to do something else.
③He when he complained about his co-worker because everyone knew that he was lying.
④She completed her master’s degree and hoped to get the position in her company， but the company ； now she’ll need to get a PhD.
⑤In an argument， many things that are said in anger are .
⑥The insurance salesman wasn’t sure what the final claim payout would be， so he gave the clients .
⑦When Sam was late for work again， the manager said， “You’ve been late twice this week.This is my final warning — ！”
第四步：析难句，清阅读障碍
1.“Scoring an own goal” in football means accidentally kicking or heading the ball into one’s own net， and it is one of the worst things that can happen to a football player.
句式分析
尝试翻译
2.So， even if we do not know exactly where the ball is during the game， we can assume that it is somewhere in the ballpark.
句式分析
尝试翻译
第五步：拓视野，育思维品质
1.Do you find it easy to understand the meaning and usage of each idiom？ （Critical Thinking 批判性思维）
2.Do you know any Chinese sports idioms？ Please give some examples.（Creative Thinking 创造性思维）
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
find one’s way into偶然来到，无意中处于
【教材原句】 Since sport is an inseparable part of day-to-day life， there are lots of sports idioms that have found their way into everyday language.
由于体育运动是日常生活中不可缺失的一部分，许多体育习语也已融入人们的日常语言。
【用法】
in the way 妨碍……；挡某人的路
in a way 在某种程度上
all the way 一直，始终
on the way （to） 在（去……的）途中
on the way out 即将被淘汰；即将过时
lose one’s way 迷路
make one’s way to 前往，到……去
pave the way for 为……铺平道路
wind one’s way 蜿蜒而行
【佳句】 A little girl called Lucy found her way into a strange， snowy world.
一个叫露西的小女孩无意中来到一个陌生的雪域世界。
【练透】 选用way的相关短语填空
①You must work hard at science and technology， or you will be .
②In spite of the fact that it rained cats and dogs，he still the appointed place.
③The Great Wall across north China like a huge dragon.
【写美】 完成句子
④One day， they accidentally the dust-covered cellar of the house.
一天，他们无意中闯入尘封的地下室。
opposing adj.对抗的；相反的
【教材原句】 As you know， in a football match， players try to kick or head the ball into the opposing team’s goal， which is the net between two big goalposts fixed to the ground.
如你所知，在一场足球比赛中，球员们试图将球踢进或顶进对方球队的球门，也就是固定在地上的两根粗大门柱之间的那张球门网。
【用法】
（1）oppose vt. 反对；反抗；抵制；阻挠；与（某人）较量
oppose （one’s） doing sth 反对（某人）做某事
（2）opposed adj. 相反的，反对的
be opposed to （doing） sth
反对（做）某事
（3）opposition n. 对抗，反抗
opposite adj. 相对的，对面的
n. 反义词，对立的事物
【佳句】 It’s time for opposing factions to unite and work towards a common goal.
现在是对立各派联合起来，为共同目标而奋斗的时候了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The mayor is strongly opposed to （build） a new hall， which may cost a lot of money.
②The parents strongly opposed their daughter （wander） in the street alone at night.
③It is common that parents and children hold （oppose） views on the same subject.
④We’re firmly （oppose） to the practice of power politics between nations.
【写美】 词汇升级
⑤As for the plan， some agree while others don’t.I’m one of those against it.
→As for the plan， some agree while others don’t.I’m one of those it.
complain vi.& vt.抱怨，投诉
【教材原句】 An insurance salesman who is about to reach his annual sales target， only for the company to make the target higher， could rightly complain about the company moving the goalposts.
如果一位保险销售员就快达到年度销售目标了，而公司却在这时提高了销售目标，那么他就可以正当地抱怨公司 move the goalposts。
【用法】
（1）complain （to sb） about/of sth＝complain （to sb） （that） ... （向某人）抱怨某事
（2）complaint n. 不满；抱怨；埋怨；投诉
make a complaint （about） （对……）提出投诉
have a complaint against/about ... 对……有怨言
a letter of complaint 一封投诉信
【佳句】 In time of difficulty， what we need is not to complain to each other but to understand each other.
遇到困难的时候，我们需要的不是互相抱怨而是互相理解。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The girl complained the manager that this printer didn’t function at all.
②Lots of college graduates complain a lack of suitable jobs， while factories are facing difficulties in hiring qualified workers.
③We received a letter of （complain） from one customer about the lack of parking facilities.
【写美】 完成句子
④If you wish to ， you have to see our manager for yourself.
如果你要投诉，你得亲自去见我们的经理。
cruel adj.刻毒伤人的，残酷的
【教材原句】 In day-to-day life， if someone makes an unfair and cruel remark， we can describe it as “below the belt”.
在日常生活中，如果有人发表了有失公允的刻薄评论，我们就可以形容这种评论是 below the belt。
【用法】
（1）be cruel to 对……残酷
a cruel punishment 残酷的惩罚
（2）cruelly adv. 残酷地；残忍地
cruelty n. 残酷；残忍；残暴
【佳句】 How could you be so cruel to someone who never did you any harm？
你怎么能那么残忍地对待一个从未伤害过你的人？
【联想】 “be＋形容词＋to”必备短语一览
①be equal to等于；能胜任
②be familiar to为（某人）所熟悉
③be harmful to对……有害
④be polite to对……有礼貌
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Long long ago， there lived a king who was cruel his people.
②His wife couldn’t stand his （cruel） any more so she has decided to divorce him.
③In Britain， if you treat animals （cruel）， you will be taken to court.
【写美】 完成句子
④I can’t stand people who .
我无法容忍虐待动物的人。
⑤There is no doubt that for money.
毫无疑问为金钱捕杀野生动物很残忍。
remark n.谈论，言论 vi.& vt.说起，评论
【用法】
（1）make a remark/remarks on/upon/about ...就……发表意见，评论……
（2）remark on/upon sth 评论/谈论某事
remark that ... 谈到/说起……
（3）remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的，值得注意的
be remarkable for 以……著称；因……引人瞩目
【佳句】 The teacher remarked that the article was well written.
老师评论说这篇文章写得很好。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Her father remarked it was time to leave.
②It would be rude to remark a lady’s appearance.
③Please make a remark the poem written by Li Bai.
【写美】 一句多译
④评论别人的私事是不礼貌的。
→It’s impolite to others’ personal affairs.（remark n.）
→It’s impolite to others’ personal affairs.（remark vi.）
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：sb/sth be said to have done ...据说某人/某物已经做了……
【教材原句】 If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally harms their own interests， they are said to have scored an own goal.
如果有人犯下了无意中损害自身利益的严重错误，那么人们就会说，这样的人是在进乌龙球。
【用法】
（1）本句的主句属于sb/sth be said to have done ...句型，该句型常改写成It is said that ...（据说/认为……）或People say that ...（人们相信/认为……）。
（2）除say外，用于此句型的词还有believe、 think、 report、 estimate、 suggest、 know、 report等。
（3）本句型可根据情况用to do的各种形式， to do表示谓语动词之后发生的动作； to be doing表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作； to have done表示先于谓语动词发生的动作。
①be said to be/do ...据说是/做……
②be said to be doing sth据说正在做某事
③be said to have done sth据说已经做了某事
【品悟】 My friend is said to have won the first place in the pop song competition.
据说我的朋友在流行歌曲比赛中赢得了第一名。
【写美】 句型转换/一句多译
①Ken is said to be very good at operating computers.
→ Ken is very good at operating computers.
②It is said that she is studying in America.
→She is said in America.
③It is said that at least one policeman was injured in the accident.
→At least one policeman in the accident.
④Hard work is believed to lead to success.
→ hard work can lead to success.
→ hard work can lead to success.
⑤据报道该市目前正在建造一家新商场。
→A new shopping mall in the city at present.
→ a new shopping mall is being built in the city at present.
句型公式：先行词为抽象地点名词的定语从句
【教材原句】 This idiom is often used to talk about situations where people fail after wasting three chances.
这个习语经常用于谈论某人错失三次良机后失败的情况。
【用法】
（1）当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词， 如activity、 point、 position、 situation、 case、 stage等， 如果引导词在从句中作状语， 常用关系副词where引导定语从句。
（2）如果引导词作主语、宾语或表语， 则用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。
【品悟】 You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.
你可能遇上一种情况，使你不得不立刻作出决定。
I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段。
Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
人生就像一次长跑，我们与他人竞争，进而超越自我。
【写美】 句型转换（改为含有关系副词引导的定语从句）
①Students should involve themselves in community activities.They can gain experience for growth in community activities.
→Students should involve themselves in community activities .
②Today， we’ll discuss a number of cases.Beginners of English fail to use the language properly in the cases.
→Today， we’ll discuss a number of cases .
③The house has been rebuilt.I lived in the house ten years ago.
→
句型公式：so引起的部分倒装结构
【教材原句】 Sport is challenging and so is life.体育运动充满了挑战，生活同样也是如此。
【用法】
（1）so引起的部分倒装结构的构成：so＋情态动词/助动词/系动词＋主语，意为“……也……”，表示前一句中主语肯定的情况也适用于后者。在使用时应注意时态和前一句保持一致。
（2）如果前一句是否定句，常用neither或nor引导部分倒装结构。其构成为：neither/nor＋情态动词/助动词/系动词＋主语，意为“……也不……”，表示前一句中主语的否定情况也适用于后者。
【品悟】 My deskmate has heard of the news and so have I.
我同桌听说了这个消息，我也听说了。
I know that exam results are very important， but so are the after-school activities.
我知道考试成绩很重要，但是课外活动也很重要。
【写美】 完成句子
①My father is a teacher and .
我父亲是教师，我妈妈也是教师。
②John spent the whole evening watching TV， and .
约翰看了一整晚的电视，杰克也一样。
③I have never been to Shanghai and .
我从来没去过上海，他也没去过。
④I didn’t believe a word she said and .
我不相信她说的每句话，警察也不相信。
Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.everyday 2.move 3.score 4.curveball 5.belt 6.towel
第二步
1～5 DCAAB
第三步
2.①threw； a curveball ②throw in the towel ③scored an own goal ④moved the goalposts ⑤below the belt
⑥a ballpark estimate ⑦three strikes and you’re out
第四步
1.在足球中，进乌龙球的意思是不小心将球踢进或顶进了自己队的球门，而这是一名球员所能遇到的最糟糕的情况之一。
2.因此，即便我们在棒球比赛中并不知道球的准确位置，我们仍然可以认定它就在球场内的某处。
第五步
1.I think the author makes it very easy for readers to understand what the idioms mean and how to use them.For example， the author uses expressions， such as “Let’s take a look ...” “Can you imagine that ...” and “We use this expression to ...” to make readers feel like he is talking to them directly.
2.Some Chinese sports idioms I know are as follows：
①百发百中： It means shooting with unfailing accuracy.This idiom is used to describe excellent shooting skills.It is also used when someone is quite certain of something.
②田忌赛马： It refers to a strategy based on game theory to win a horse racing.This idiom reveals how one can win by using their own strengths against others’ shortcomings.
③十八般武艺： It refers to the ability to use 18 kinds of weapons skillfully.This idiom is now used to describe one’s versatility.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①on the way out ②made his way to ③winds its way ④find their way into
2.①building ②wandering ③opposing ④opposed
⑤opposed to
3.①to ②about/of ③complaint ④make a complaint
4.①to ②cruelty ③cruelly ④are cruel to animals
⑤it’s very cruel to kill wild animals
5.①that ②on/upon ③on/upon/about ④make a remark/remarks on/upon/about； remark on/upon
Part Ⅱ
1.①It is said that/People say that ②to be studying
③is said to have been injured ④It is believed that； People believe that ⑤is reported to be being built； It is reported that
2.①where they can gain experience for growth
②where beginners of English fail to use the language properly
③The house where I lived ten years ago has been rebuilt.
3.①so is my mother ②so did Jack ③neither/nor has he ④neither/nor did the police
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