(共92张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Grammar and usage
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
3
课时检测·提能力
2
核心知识·巧突破
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
现在完成进行时
1. Scientists have been making great progress in robotic technology in
recent years.
2. Over the past three months I have been testing out the limits of what I
can do with my new hand， and it constantly surprises me.
3. I have rediscovered hobbies I had enjoyed before my accident.
4. For example，I have been cooking for my family again since I got my
new hand.
5. Not only can I do more，but I have also become more confident and
outgoing.
【我的发现】
（1）句1、2、4的时态是 ；句3和句5的时态
是 。
（2）现在完成进行时表示动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，
该动作可能刚停止，也可能仍在进行。常与
等状语或for、 since引导
的时间状语连用。
（3）现在完成进行时的构成形式为 。
现在完成进行时
现在完成时
in recent
years、 over the past few years
has/have been doing
一、现在完成进行时的定义
表示一直持续到现在的动作，该动作可能刚停止，也可能仍在进行。
It has been raining all day.
雨已经下了一整天。（表示下雨这个动作从过去一直延续到现在，很
有可能继续下雨）
二、现在完成进行时的构成
1. 基本构成：has/have been doing
2. 肯定句：主语＋has/have been＋doing ...
3. 否定句：主语＋has/have not been＋doing ...
4. 一般疑问句：Has/Have＋主语＋been＋doing ...？
Our government has been using PSAs to educate people for many years.
多年来，我们的政府一直在用公益广告来教育人们。
He hasn’t been sleeping for two days.
他两天没睡觉了。
Has he been studying hard since the new term began？
新学期开始以来，他一直在努力学习吗？
【即时演练1】 完成句子
①He since last year.
自从去年以来他一直在写那部小说。
②I in this company for three years.
我在这个公司已经工作三年了。
has been writing the novel
have been working
三、现在完成进行时的用法
1. 表示延续：多用于延续性动词，如live、 learn、 lie、 stay、 sit、
wait、 stand、 rest、 study等，常和all the time、 this week、 this
month、 all day、 all the morning、 these days、 recently等时间状语
连用，还常与 since或for引导的时间状语连用。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有两千年的造纸历史。（还将继续造纸，不会停止造纸）
She has been painting the house all the afternoon.
她整个下午都在粉刷房子。（可能还将继续粉刷房子，不会停止）
Lily has been doing her homework since 2 o’clock this afternoon.
莉莉从今天下午两点开始就一直在做作业。（还将继续做作业，不
会停止）
Mary has been going to writing classes every night since June and the
course will end this weekend.
从6月开始，玛丽每天晚上去上写作课，这个课程将于这周末结
束。（玛丽上写作课的动作从过去持续到这周末）
【点津】 使用现在完成进行时的句子，表意上需要动作行为具有
延续性的特点。因此，某些不具延续性的动词，如come、 go、
marry、 die、 finish等，不适用于现在完成进行时。
2. 表示重复：表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复发生
的动作。
You have been saying that for five years. I’m fed up with it.
你这么说已经五年了。我受够了。（反复说，强调重复性）
We have been discussing the matter several times this year.
我们今年已经数次讨论过那件事。（反复讨论，强调重复性）
He has been promising me to help you. Hasn’t he done it？
他一直答应我要帮助你。他没这样做吗？ （反复承诺，强调重
复性）
3. 表达某种感彩：和进行时一样，现在完成进行时可以带有说话
人的较重感彩（如赞扬、厌恶、抱怨等）。
Where have you been？I have been waiting for you in the rain for two
hours.
你去哪了？我在雨中等了你两个小时。（抱怨）
Who’s been eating my apples？Why didn’t he tell me？
谁一直在吃我的苹果？为什么他不告诉我？（不满）
Recently Li Ming has been doing his work regularly.
近来，李明总是有规律地做他的工作。（表扬）
4. 有时表示根据直接或间接的论据而得出的结论。
You don’t look well. Have you been working too hard？
你看起来不太好。你是不是工作太辛苦了？
【即时演练2】 完成句子
①I her but I can’t see her.
虽然我一直想着她，但是我不能见到她。
②You that you will study abroad.
整整一年你都在说要出国学习。
③You but never make an effort.
你一直在做白日梦，但从不努力。
have always been thinking of
have been saying for a year
have been daydreaming
四、现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
1. 现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性；而现在完成时强调动作已完
成，强调对现在的影响或产生的结果。
They have been widening the road， and the work is not finished.
他们一直在拓宽道路，但工程还没有完成。（延续性）
They have widened the road and the traffic on the road is smooth now.
他们拓宽了道路，现在路上的交通很畅通。（已完成）
2. 现在完成进行时可表示动作的重复，而现在完成时强调结果，一般
不表示动作的重复。
Have you been meeting him recently？
你最近经常见到他吗？（强调重复）
Have you met him recently？
你最近见过他吗？（强调结果）
3. 现在完成进行时有时含有感彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直
叙，说明一个事实、一种影响或结果。
Recently Mary has been doing sports regularly.
最近玛丽一直定期做运动。（有表扬意味）
Recently Mary has done sports regularly.
最近玛丽定期做运动。（只说明一个事实）
4. 有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如状态
动词 be、 have、 exist等；感情动词 like、 love等；感觉动词 see、
hear、 know等。
He has had a cold for a week.
他已经感冒一周了。
I have liked jazz since I was a teenager.
从青少年起我就喜欢爵士乐了。
5. 现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，若要用时，可用现在完成时的被
动语态代替。
The problem has been studied for five days.
研究这个问题已经五天了。
6. 与一段时间连用时可以用现在完成时也可以用现在完成进行时；但
与“次数”连用时只能用现在完成时，不能用现在完成进行时。
He has been ringing me up all morning.
他整个上午一直在给我打电话。
He has rung me up five times since 12 o’clock.
从十二点开始，他已经给我打了五次电话。
7. 在“This/It/That is the first/second ...time that ...”句型中只能用现在
完成时。
This is the first time that they have taken part in the Olympic Games.
这是他们第一次参加奥运会。
【即时演练3】 完成句子
① solar racing cars.
我一直在设计太阳能赛车。
②I for a long time.
我已经认识她很长时间了。
③The students .
学生们一直在准备考试。
I’ve been designing
have known her
have been preparing for the exam
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
2
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
equip vt.配备；使有能力
【教材原句】 Below is a personal account given by a girl who is
equipped with a robotic hand.
下面是一位配备机械手的女孩的自述。
【用法】
（1）equip sb/oneself/sth with （for sth）
（为了……）使某人/某人自己/某物装备……
equip sb for sth 使某人具备某事的条件
equip sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事
be （fully/poorly） equipped with （齐全/简陋）装备着……
（2）equipment n. 设备，器材；配备，装备
a piece/set of equipment 一件/套设备
【佳句】 We equip students with the skills they will need once they
leave college.
我们为学生提供他们离开大学后所需的技能。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We should equip ourselves knowledge to keep up with the
pace of society.
②We want our son to have a good education that will equip him
future life.
③Different metals have different uses.For example， steel is used in
cars， and iron is used in electrical （equip）.
with
for
equipment
【写美】 完成句子
④Some lessons can help the growing
demands of social media.
有些课程有助于孩子们应对社交媒体日益增长的需求。
equip children to deal with
grateful adj.感激的，表示感谢的
【教材原句】 I’m so grateful for all the new possibilities my robotic
hand has opened up.
我对我的机械手创造的所有新机会都非常感激。
【用法】
（1）be grateful/thankful to sb for sth
＝thank sb for sth 因某事而感激某人
be grateful that ... 感激的是……
I would be grateful if you could ... 如果你能……，我将不胜感激
（2）gratitude n. 感激之情；感谢
gratefully adv. 感激地
【佳句】 She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing
team had done for her.
她感激医护人员为她做的一切。
Now I am grateful to myself for sticking to the thing I truly dreamed of.
现在我很感激自己坚持做自己真正梦想的事情。
【练透】 完成句子
①I am extremely their help.
我非常感谢所有老师的帮助。
②I you could give me some advice.
如果你能给我一些建议，我会很感激的。
③“Yes， I’ll give you time，” he .
“行，我给你时间，”他感激地说。
grateful to all my teachers for
would be grateful if
answered gratefully
④当汤姆把钱给他时，乞丐似乎很感激他所做的一切。
When Tom gave him the money，the beggar seemed grateful to him for
what he did.
【写美】 翻译句子
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：not only ...but also ...
【教材原句】 Not only can I do more， but I have also become more
confident and outgoing.
我不仅可以做得更多，而且我也变得更加自信和外向。
【用法】
（1）not only ...but also ...“不仅……而且……”，连接两个表示并
列关系的成分（如主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语），有时也可以
用来连接两个句子，着重强调后者，also有时可省略。
（2）not only ...but also ...连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，not
only后面的句子要用部分倒装，但but also后的句子不用倒装。
（3）not only ...but also ...连接的两个成分作主语时，谓语动词要遵
循“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词一般要与but also后的主语保持人
称和数的一致。
【品悟】 Not only can these stories relieve my stress， but they can
also broaden my horizons.
这些故事不仅可以缓解我的压力，还可以开阔我的视野。
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
①Not only the students but their teacher also .
不仅学生喜欢踢足球，他们的老师也喜欢。
likes playing football
②Smartphones not only take up our valuable time， but also do great
harm to our health.
→ ， but it also do
great harm to our health.（倒装句）
③We should not only raise money for them， but we should also help
them rebuild their home.
→ ， but we should also help
them rebuild their home.（倒装句）
Not only do smartphones take up our valuable time
Not only should we raise money for them
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. The girl won’t buy that book because she （read） it.
2. China is becoming stronger and stronger and
（play） an important role on the international stage in recent years.
3. I won’t tell the student the answer of the question until he
（work） on it for more than ten minutes.
has read
has been playing
has been
working
4. —I’m fed up with the wet，cold weather here！I wish tomorrow a
sunny day！
—Exactly.Actually，it （rain） every day in the
past two weeks.
5. This is the second time that I （see） this film.
6. Over the past decades， sea ice （decrease）
in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
7. We （work） on it for several hours but we
have not yet reached any conclusion.
has been raining
have seen
has been decreasing
have been working
8. The telephone （ring） for almost a minute.Why
hasn’t anyone answered it？
9. Excuse me， Marcia， a reporter from Associated Press
（phone） all day.Could you speak to her now？
10. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities
（rise） steadily since 1990.
has been ringing
has been
phoning
has
been rising
维度二：语法与写作
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. 休息一会儿吧，艾米。你整个上午都在练习弹钢琴。
Have a rest， Amy.You the piano all
morning.
2. 我的手很脏，因为我一直在修理汽车。
My hands are very dirty because I the car.
3. 约翰逊医生和我一直在试图增强他的体质。
Dr Johnson and I to build him up physically.
have been practising playing
have been repairing
have been trying
4. 这篇作文我写了两个小时了，但还没写完。
I the composition for two hours， but I haven’t
finished it yet.
5. 这些年来他一直在为我们的报纸写文章，他已经写了大约30篇
文章。
He for our newspaper these years， and
he thirty articles.
have been writing
has been writing articles
has written about
维度三：语法与语篇
根据汉语提示，按要求完成下面的语段。
1. （科学家们一直在
研究基因技术）for decades， and although great progress 2.
（已经取得）， many difficult problems remain
unsolved.We human beings 3.
（一直在寻找治愈各种疾病的方法）.However，
there are still many that cannot be cured， such as cancers.We 4.
（一直在寻找长寿的秘
诀）， and even though 5.
（人们已经能够活得更长） than ever before， we still hope it even
longer.
Scientists have been studying gene technology
has
been made
have been searching for ways to cure
various diseases
have
been searching for the secret of longevity
people have been able to live longer
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A group of researchers led by Patrick Yu-Wai-Man， an eye doctor at
Cambridge University， looked into a promising new genetic therapy for a
hereditary （遗传的） form of blindness. Officially， their study was a
failure， for their experiment did not show what the researchers hoped it
would. But it was also a great success， for 29 of the 37 participants
reported big improvements in their vision.
The disease in question is Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
（LHON， Leber遗传性视神经病变）.A defective gene in a sufferer’s
mitochondria （线粒体） — the tiny structures that provide a cell’s
energy — causes retinal （视网膜的） cells to die. That leads to sudden
and rapid loss of sight， with many sufferers becoming legally blind within
a year.
LHON is a good candidate for gene therapy， a form of genetic
engineering which aims to replace the defective gene with a working one.
With that in mind， Dr Yu-Wai-Man and his colleagues loaded up a
modified virus with a corrected copy of the gene and injected it into their
patients’ eyes. The researchers controlled the experiment by injecting only
one of each patient’s eyes — chosen at random — with the virus. The other
eye wasn’t given a real injection， in which a syringe （注射器） was
pressed against the eye， but nothing came out of it.
The surprise came several months into the study. The researchers had
hoped to see a big improvement in the treated eyes， compared with the
untreated ones. They did not， and for that reason the study failed in its
primary objective. Instead， in more than three quarters of their patients，
they saw big improvements in both eyes.
Though the study was technically a failure， its practical success
means that an effective treatment for LHON may at last be in reach.
GenSight Biologics， the company that has developed the treatment， has
already sent its results to Europe’s medical regulator.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由剑桥大学眼科医
生帕特里克·于韦曼领导的研究小组研究的一种有望成功治疗遗传性
失明的新基因疗法。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由剑桥大学眼科医
生帕特里克·于韦曼领导的研究小组研究的一种有望成功治疗遗传性
失明的新基因疗法。
1. What makes people suffer from LHON？
A. Mitochondria. B. Retinal cells.
C. The defective gene. D. A cell’s energy.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，患者的线粒体中有
缺陷的基因会导致视网膜细胞死亡，从而导致突然失明。由此可
知，基因缺陷使人们患上Leber遗传性视神经病变。
2. What is the third paragraph mainly about？
A. The function of the experiment.
B. The cause of the experiment.
C. The process of the experiment.
D. The result of the experiment.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，研究人员对患者的
眼睛进行对照实验。因此第三段主要讲述了实验过程。
3. What can we learn from the passage？
A. The treatment may be promising.
B. The study is a complete failure.
C. The researchers saw a big improvement in all the treated eyes.
D. GenSight Biologics has put the treatment into practice.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段首句可知，虽然这项研究在
技术上是失败的，但它的实际成功意味着对Leber遗传性视神经病变
的有效治疗或许终将可以实现。所以，这项治疗有望成功。
4. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear？
A. Entertainment. B. Economy.
C. Education. D. Science.
解析： 文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了由剑桥大
学眼科医生帕特里克·于韦曼领导的研究小组研究的一种有望成功治
疗遗传性失明的新基因疗法。虽然这项研究在技术上是失败的，但
它的实际成功意味着对Leber遗传性视神经病变的有效治疗或许终将
可以实现。由此推断，这篇文章可能会出现在报纸上的科学版块。
B
A laser （激光） is a device that makes a beam （束） of light so
narrow and strong that it can cut like a knife. When it was invented， no
one knew that it would change modern medicine. But now， with this
wonderful tool， doctors can safely perform operations and treatments that
were once very dangerous or painful， or simply impossible with regular
surgical instruments.
The first person to imagine something like a laser was Albert Einstein
in 1917. He realized that it might be possible to create a very strong，
bright beam of light by changing the way light acted. However， he never
thought about this idea any further and neither he nor anyone else tried to
produce a laser beam for many years.
Finally，in the late 1950s，scientists began experimenting with light
and figured out how to create the strong beams we now know as laser
beams.In these first experiments， they used mirrors and artificial
gemstones （宝石） to change the light. Other scientists soon were
producing the same results by sending light through special gases. The light
created by either of these methods was very different from normal light.
The beams from lasers remain narrow and do not spread out as light
normally does，even over great distance.
In the early years after the invention of lasers， scientists called them
“a solution looking for a problem”. It was obvious that lasers were very
special， but it took scientists a while to find practical application for
them. Over time， hundreds of uses have been found for lasers in many
areas of science and technology. They are used in the newest
telecommunication systems， in computer printers， and in CD players.
They are also used in show business to create special lighting effects. But
where lasers have made the most difference is undoubtedly in the world of
medicine， where they can be used for many tasks that require fine
exactness.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是激光、激光
是如何被创造出来的以及它的应用，尤其是在医学领域的贡献。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是激光、激光
是如何被创造出来的以及它的应用，尤其是在医学领域的贡献。
5. What did Albert Einstein think of the laser beam？
A. It could be created.
B. He could change it.
C. It might be dangerous.
D. He could experiment with it.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，阿尔伯特·爱
因斯坦认为激光是可以被创造出来的。
6. How did the scientists produce the laser beams？
A. They used mirrors to spread out the light.
B. They sent the normal light over great distance.
C. They made the light pass through special gases.
D. They used artificial gemstones to cover the light.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，科学家通过
让光穿过特殊气体得到同使用镜子和人造宝石相同的结果，创造出
激光。
7. What can we learn about the lasers from the last paragraph？
A. They were applied quickly and widely.
B. They help create special sound effects.
C. They made a difference in medicine.
D. They cannot be found in modern science.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，激光对医学
领域的影响最大。
8. Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A. How to Create Strong Laser Beams
B. Einstein’s Stories on Laser Beams
C. Everything You Need to Know on Lasers
D. Lasers： The Invention and Applications
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，文章介绍了激光的定
义，激光是如何被创造出来的以及它的应用，尤其是在医学领域的
贡献。因此D项（激光的发明和应用）为文章最佳标题。
C
The ability to regrow or recreate missing body parts sounds more like
part of a science fiction story than reality. But researchers are finding
evidence that regrowing human body parts may be possible someday in the
future with improvements in technology. They imagine using 3D-printing
to make a kidney for someone in need of a replacement. They also talk
about possibly using bioelectricity （生物电流） to cause cells to build
new tissue and organs.
These ideas and others were discussed earlier this month at the World
Science Festival in New York City. The presentation was called “Forever
Young：The Promise of Human Regeneration”.Scientists talked about the
future of regenerative medicine， which combines the body’s ability to
heal itself with progress in biomedical engineering.
Dany Spencer Adams is a research professor at Tufts University in
Massachusetts. He said that researchers have found that bioelectrical
signals （生物电信号） can lead to cellular processes in frog tadpoles.He
said such signals may someday start the formation of nerves， muscles and
other body parts. “This is the cells themselves using electricity to
communicate，” he said. In an experiment， a frog regrew one of its legs
in six months. But scientists first had to make changes in the characteristics
of the animal’s cells.
Researchers say they have a lot more work to do before the process
can be used on human beings.They have to learn which bioelectrical
signals can influence the formation of which organs. Adams says，“It’s
better to regenerate that organ so that you don’t have issues of the immune
system attacking， the way we do now with transplants. The hope is that
we’ll be able to help the body create a better replacement — really， a
perfect replacement， for the person of exactly what they’ve lost.”
Jonathan Butcher is a professor and biomedical engineer at Cornell
University in New York. He and other researchers have combined
mechanical engineering with developmental biology to create working
heart valves from 3D-printed tissue. Children may get the most help from
engineered organs or partial organs that can grow as the child does.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家们正在致力于研究人体器官
再生的可能性，并且在一次实验中成功地让青蛙长出了一条腿。
本文是一篇说明文。科学家们正在致力于研究人体器官
再生的可能性，并且在一次实验中成功地让青蛙长出了一条腿。
9. How did researchers prove that bioelectrical signals can lead to cellular
processes？
A. By giving examples.
B. By doing experiments.
C. By explaining statistical data.
D. By stating argument.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的In an experiment， a frog
regrew one of its legs in six months.可知，在实验中，青蛙重新长出
了一条腿。因此科学家们是通过做实验的方式来证明生物电信号能
够促进细胞成长这一过程的。
10. What kinds of work will scientists have to do before the process can be
used on human beings？
A. To do much more research.
B. To do a series of experiments based on their theory.
C. To make changes in the characteristics of the animal’s cells.
D. To learn which bioelectrical signals can influence the formation of
which organs.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，在应用到人类身
上之前，要了解哪个生物电信号能影响哪个器官的形成。
11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？
A. Looking for Missing Body Parts
B. Regrowing Human Body Parts
C. Improvements in Technology
D. Progress in Biomedical Engineering
解析： 标题归纳题。根据第一段内容并结合全文可知，文章主
要介绍了人类器官的再生。所以B项（再生人类器官）作为文章标
题最为合适。
12. Where can the text be found？
A. A history book. B. A wellness book.
C. A science magazine. D. An art magazine.
解析： 文章出处题。文章主要讲述了人类器官再生的可能性以
及需要做的研究。由此可知，这篇文章是一篇科普说明文，所以
可能会出现在科学杂志上。
Ⅱ.完形填空
For four long years， Owen Connors had to spend his Saturday
afternoons playing rugby at school. He’d be out there in all weathers. As a
teenager， he 13 Saturdays.
The boy would walk home in the dark， 14 in mud and frozen to
the bone.So， imagine his 15 when he opened the door of the family’s
small house to be 16 by the delicious aroma （香味） of Guinness
pie.Outside， the wind was blowing， and the rain was 17 the
windows. But in the 18 kitchen， Owen and his parents would 19
the home-made pie with mashed potatoes （土豆泥） and greens 20 .
“It was the exact 21 of standing on a field in the rain and
wind，” says Owen， who now works as an editor. “It was the 22
of home and it felt like a warm hug.”
For some reason， Owen had 23 really fitted into Dublin
society.So after graduation from college， he left his hometown in search
of a（n） 24 life.On a short visit to Munich， he felt a
sudden 25 to stay.He can remember thinking：“This place
is 26 — it’s clean， safe， near the mountains and lakes.”
Owen doesn’t eat Guinness pie very often in Munich.Recently he tried
to make one with his mum and daughters — it was a（n） 27 .Three
generations shared the food of his childhood.
“I’d like to show my kids more of that kind of food，” Owen said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在远在他乡的Owen Connors看来，
吉尼斯派不仅是故乡都柏林的味道，也是一种文化传承。
本文是一篇记叙文。在远在他乡的Owen Connors看来，
吉尼斯派不仅是故乡都柏林的味道，也是一种文化传承。
13. A. missed B. hated
C. wasted D. ignored
解析： 根据上文中的He’d be out there in all weathers.可知，连
续四年，不管刮风下雨，Owen周六下午都要在学校打橄榄球，所
以他那时候讨厌周六。
14. A. taken B. seated C. covered D. buried
解析： 根据上文中的playing rugby和下文中的rain was 17
the windows可知，Owen在雨天打完橄榄球，天黑了往家走，浑身
是泥。
15. A. joy B. pain C. courage D. concern
解析： 根据上文中的walk home in the dark， 14 in mud and
frozen to the bone可知，Owen打完球天已黑，浑身是泥，又冷，所
以回到家后看到迎接他的美味吉尼斯派，感到很高兴。
16. A. invited B. served
C. moved D. greeted
解析： 参见上题解析。
17. A. opening B. rolling
C. pulling D. hitting
解析： 根据上文中的Outside，the wind was blowing可知，此处
描写的是风雨交加的场景。屋外刮着风，雨打着窗。
18. A. empty B. warm C. large D. unique
解析： 根据上文中的frozen to the bone和Outside， the wind was
blowing， and the rain was 17 the windows.可知，屋外风雨交
加，在温暖的厨房内，一家人舒舒服服地享受着美食。
19. A. make B. enjoy
C. remember D. imagine
解析： 参见上题解析。
20. A. silently B. calmly
C. nervously D. comfortably
解析： 参见第18题解析。
21. A. opposite B. result
C. reward D. choice
解析： 根据上文对打橄榄球和吃吉尼斯派的描写可知，二者带
来的感受截然相反。
22. A. call B. smell C. type D. role
解析： 根据下文中的it felt like a warm hug可知，吃吉尼斯派带
来的是家的味道。
23. A. often B. still C. even D. never
解析： 根据下文中的he left his hometown可知，Owen以前
从未真正融入都柏林的生活，所以毕业后他去外面的世界寻找
新生活。
24. A. new B. busy C. ordinary D. modern
解析： 参见上题解析。
25. A. curiosity B. demand
C. desire D. emotion
解析： 根据下文中的it’s clean， safe， near the mountains and
lakes可知，到了慕尼黑之后，Owen被当地干净、安全、依山傍湖
的环境所吸引，忽然就有了留下的想法。
26. A. amusing B. similar
C. important D. amazing
解析： 参见上题解析。
27. A. success B. attempt
C. challenge D. opportunity
解析： 根据下文中的Three generations shared the food of his
childhood.可知，Owen和家人做的吉尼斯派成功了。
Ⅲ.语法填空
As a computer programmer， Nand Vinchhi wanted to invent
something that didn’t require a device.While 28 （explore） project
ideas for a programming competition， Nand and his group came up with
the idea for a platform to translate sign language.In the end， the
team 29 （decide） not to develop it.But Nand couldn’t stop thinking
about the translator.
In just a few months， he developed the artificial intelligence
technology 30 （need） to translate American Sign Language
（ASL） in real time.It’s 31 （basic） a speech-to-text app for sign
language.Here， hand movements are the speech.A camera identifies
colourful， key 32 （point） on arms and hands as they move.An
algorithm matches these movements to words in ASL， 33 are then
spoken aloud.
His system now translates signs with 90.4％ accuracy.The delay from
signing 34 translation is only about three-tenths of a second.The teen
now plans 35 （boost） the accuracy and ASL words available in the
dataset.
Nand imagines the technology could 36 （add） someday to
existing communication platforms， such as Zoom， or to online
platforms such as Google Translate.That could help ASL speakers
communicate with those who don’t know 37 language.Another
promising application， he thinks， is as an education tool for people who
want to learn ASL such as Duolingo.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一名计算机程序设计员发明了一个
手语翻译软件。
本文是一篇说明文。一名计算机程序设计员发明了一个
手语翻译软件。
28. exploring 考查非谓语动词。设空处所在部分作状语，且Nand and
his group与explore之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填exploring。
29. decided 考查动词的时态。设空处在句中作谓语，根据上下文语
境可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填decided。
30. needed 考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语修饰the artificial
intelligence technology，又因为the artificial intelligence technology与
need之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填needed。
31. basically 考查词形转换。设空处在句中作状语，应用副词，故填
basically，意为“基本地；基本上”。
32. points 考查名词复数。point在此处意为“点”，是可数名词，表
泛指，且根据后面的on arms and hands可知，应用其复数形式，故填
points。
33. which 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行
词words in ASL，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
34. to 考查介词。from ... to ...为固定搭配，表示“从……到……”。
35. to boost 考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth意为“计划做某事”，故
填to boost。
36. be added 考查被动语态。the technology与add之间为被动关系，
应用被动语态，且设空处前有could，故填be added。
37. the 考查冠词。设空处特指上文提到的ASL，故填定冠词the。
谢谢观看！Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
维度一：基础题型练
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.The girl won’t buy that book because she （read） it.
2.China is becoming stronger and stronger and （play） an important role on the international stage in recent years.
3.I won’t tell the student the answer of the question until he （work） on it for more than ten minutes.
4.—I’m fed up with the wet，cold weather here！I wish tomorrow a sunny day！
—Exactly.Actually，it （rain） every day in the past two weeks.
5.This is the second time that I （see） this film.
6.Over the past decades， sea ice （decrease） in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
7.We （work） on it for several hours but we have not yet reached any conclusion.
8.The telephone （ring） for almost a minute.Why hasn’t anyone answered it？
9.Excuse me， Marcia， a reporter from Associated Press （phone） all day.Could you speak to her now？
10.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities （rise） steadily since 1990.
维度二：语法与写作
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1.休息一会儿吧，艾米。你整个上午都在练习弹钢琴。
Have a rest， Amy.You the piano all morning.
2.我的手很脏，因为我一直在修理汽车。
My hands are very dirty because I the car.
3.约翰逊医生和我一直在试图增强他的体质。
Dr Johnson and I to build him up physically.
4.这篇作文我写了两个小时了，但还没写完。
I the composition for two hours， but I haven’t finished it yet.
5.这些年来他一直在为我们的报纸写文章，他已经写了大约30篇文章。
He for our newspaper these years， and he thirty articles.
维度三：语法与语篇
根据汉语提示，按要求完成下面的语段。
1. （科学家们一直在研究基因技术）for decades， and although great progress 2. （已经取得）， many difficult problems remain unsolved.We human beings 3. （一直在寻找治愈各种疾病的方法）.However， there are still many that cannot be cured， such as cancers.We 4. （一直在寻找长寿的秘诀）， and even though 5. （人们已经能够活得更长） than ever before， we still hope it even longer.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A group of researchers led by Patrick Yu-Wai-Man， an eye doctor at Cambridge University， looked into a promising new genetic therapy for a hereditary （遗传的） form of blindness. Officially， their study was a failure， for their experiment did not show what the researchers hoped it would. But it was also a great success， for 29 of the 37 participants reported big improvements in their vision.
The disease in question is Leber hereditary optic neuropathy （LHON， Leber遗传性视神经病变）.A defective gene in a sufferer’s mitochondria （线粒体） — the tiny structures that provide a cell’s energy — causes retinal （视网膜的） cells to die. That leads to sudden and rapid loss of sight， with many sufferers becoming legally blind within a year.
LHON is a good candidate for gene therapy， a form of genetic engineering which aims to replace the defective gene with a working one. With that in mind， Dr Yu-Wai-Man and his colleagues loaded up a modified virus with a corrected copy of the gene and injected it into their patients’ eyes. The researchers controlled the experiment by injecting only one of each patient’s eyes — chosen at random — with the virus. The other eye wasn’t given a real injection， in which a syringe （注射器） was pressed against the eye， but nothing came out of it.
The surprise came several months into the study. The researchers had hoped to see a big improvement in the treated eyes， compared with the untreated ones. They did not， and for that reason the study failed in its primary objective. Instead， in more than three quarters of their patients， they saw big improvements in both eyes.
Though the study was technically a failure， its practical success means that an effective treatment for LHON may at last be in reach. GenSight Biologics， the company that has developed the treatment， has already sent its results to Europe’s medical regulator.
1.What makes people suffer from LHON？
A.Mitochondria. B.Retinal cells.
C.The defective gene. D.A cell’s energy.
2.What is the third paragraph mainly about？
A.The function of the experiment.
B.The cause of the experiment.
C.The process of the experiment.
D.The result of the experiment.
3.What can we learn from the passage？
A.The treatment may be promising.
B.The study is a complete failure.
C.The researchers saw a big improvement in all the treated eyes.
D.GenSight Biologics has put the treatment into practice.
4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear？
A.Entertainment. B.Economy.
C.Education. D.Science.
B
A laser （激光） is a device that makes a beam （束） of light so narrow and strong that it can cut like a knife. When it was invented， no one knew that it would change modern medicine. But now， with this wonderful tool， doctors can safely perform operations and treatments that were once very dangerous or painful， or simply impossible with regular surgical instruments.
The first person to imagine something like a laser was Albert Einstein in 1917. He realized that it might be possible to create a very strong， bright beam of light by changing the way light acted. However， he never thought about this idea any further and neither he nor anyone else tried to produce a laser beam for many years.
Finally，in the late 1950s，scientists began experimenting with light and figured out how to create the strong beams we now know as laser beams.In these first experiments， they used mirrors and artificial gemstones （宝石） to change the light. Other scientists soon were producing the same results by sending light through special gases. The light created by either of these methods was very different from normal light. The beams from lasers remain narrow and do not spread out as light normally does，even over great distance.
In the early years after the invention of lasers， scientists called them “a solution looking for a problem”. It was obvious that lasers were very special， but it took scientists a while to find practical application for them. Over time， hundreds of uses have been found for lasers in many areas of science and technology. They are used in the newest telecommunication systems， in computer printers， and in CD players. They are also used in show business to create special lighting effects. But where lasers have made the most difference is undoubtedly in the world of medicine， where they can be used for many tasks that require fine exactness.
5.What did Albert Einstein think of the laser beam？
A.It could be created.
B.He could change it.
C.It might be dangerous.
D.He could experiment with it.
6.How did the scientists produce the laser beams？
A.They used mirrors to spread out the light.
B.They sent the normal light over great distance.
C.They made the light pass through special gases.
D.They used artificial gemstones to cover the light.
7.What can we learn about the lasers from the last paragraph？
A.They were applied quickly and widely.
B.They help create special sound effects.
C.They made a difference in medicine.
D.They cannot be found in modern science.
8.Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A.How to Create Strong Laser Beams
B.Einstein’s Stories on Laser Beams
C.Everything You Need to Know on Lasers
D.Lasers： The Invention and Applications
C
The ability to regrow or recreate missing body parts sounds more like part of a science fiction story than reality. But researchers are finding evidence that regrowing human body parts may be possible someday in the future with improvements in technology. They imagine using 3D-printing to make a kidney for someone in need of a replacement. They also talk about possibly using bioelectricity （生物电流） to cause cells to build new tissue and organs.
These ideas and others were discussed earlier this month at the World Science Festival in New York City. The presentation was called “Forever Young：The Promise of Human Regeneration”.Scientists talked about the future of regenerative medicine， which combines the body’s ability to heal itself with progress in biomedical engineering.
Dany Spencer Adams is a research professor at Tufts University in Massachusetts. He said that researchers have found that bioelectrical signals （生物电信号） can lead to cellular processes in frog tadpoles.He said such signals may someday start the formation of nerves， muscles and other body parts. “This is the cells themselves using electricity to communicate，” he said. In an experiment， a frog regrew one of its legs in six months. But scientists first had to make changes in the characteristics of the animal’s cells.
Researchers say they have a lot more work to do before the process can be used on human beings.They have to learn which bioelectrical signals can influence the formation of which organs. Adams says，“It’s better to regenerate that organ so that you don’t have issues of the immune system attacking， the way we do now with transplants. The hope is that we’ll be able to help the body create a better replacement — really， a perfect replacement， for the person of exactly what they’ve lost.”
Jonathan Butcher is a professor and biomedical engineer at Cornell University in New York. He and other researchers have combined mechanical engineering with developmental biology to create working heart valves from 3D-printed tissue. Children may get the most help from engineered organs or partial organs that can grow as the child does.
9.How did researchers prove that bioelectrical signals can lead to cellular processes？
A.By giving examples.
B.By doing experiments.
C.By explaining statistical data.
D.By stating argument.
10.What kinds of work will scientists have to do before the process can be used on human beings？
A.To do much more research.
B.To do a series of experiments based on their theory.
C.To make changes in the characteristics of the animal’s cells.
D.To learn which bioelectrical signals can influence the formation of which organs.
11.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？
A.Looking for Missing Body Parts
B.Regrowing Human Body Parts
C.Improvements in Technology
D.Progress in Biomedical Engineering
12.Where can the text be found？
A.A history book.
B.A wellness book.
C.A science magazine.
D.An art magazine.
Ⅱ.完形填空
For four long years， Owen Connors had to spend his Saturday afternoons playing rugby at school. He’d be out there in all weathers. As a teenager， he 13 Saturdays.
The boy would walk home in the dark， 14 in mud and frozen to the bone.So， imagine his 15 when he opened the door of the family’s small house to be 16 by the delicious aroma （香味） of Guinness pie.Outside， the wind was blowing， and the rain was 17 the windows. But in the 18 kitchen， Owen and his parents would 19 the home-made pie with mashed potatoes （土豆泥） and greens 20 .
“It was the exact 21 of standing on a field in the rain and wind，” says Owen， who now works as an editor. “It was the 22 of home and it felt like a warm hug.”
For some reason， Owen had 23 really fitted into Dublin society.So after graduation from college， he left his hometown in search of a（n） 24 life.On a short visit to Munich， he felt a sudden 25 to stay.He can remember thinking：“This place is 26 — it’s clean， safe， near the mountains and lakes.”
Owen doesn’t eat Guinness pie very often in Munich.Recently he tried to make one with his mum and daughters — it was a（n） 27 .Three generations shared the food of his childhood.
“I’d like to show my kids more of that kind of food，” Owen said.
13.A.missed B.hated
C.wasted D.ignored
14.A.taken B.seated
C.covered D.buried
15.A.joy B.pain
C.courage D.concern
16.A.invited B.served
C.moved D.greeted
17.A.opening B.rolling
C.pulling D.hitting
18.A.empty B.warm
C.large D.unique
19.A.make B.enjoy
C.remember D.imagine
20.A.silently B.calmly
C.nervously D.comfortably
21.A.opposite B.result
C.reward D.choice
22.A.call B.smell
C.type D.role
23.A.often B.still
C.even D.never
24.A.new B.busy
C.ordinary D.modern
25.A.curiosity B.demand
C.desire D.emotion
26.A.amusing B.similar
C.important D.amazing
27.A.success B.attempt
C.challenge D.opportunity
Ⅲ.语法填空
As a computer programmer， Nand Vinchhi wanted to invent something that didn’t require a device.While 28 （explore） project ideas for a programming competition， Nand and his group came up with the idea for a platform to translate sign language.In the end， the team 29 （decide） not to develop it.But Nand couldn’t stop thinking about the translator.
In just a few months， he developed the artificial intelligence technology 30 （need） to translate American Sign Language （ASL） in real time.It’s 31 （basic） a speech-to-text app for sign language.Here， hand movements are the speech.A camera identifies colourful， key 32 （point） on arms and hands as they move.An algorithm matches these movements to words in ASL， 33 are then spoken aloud.
His system now translates signs with 90.4％ accuracy.The delay from signing 34 translation is only about three-tenths of a second.The teen now plans 35 （boost） the accuracy and ASL words available in the dataset.
Nand imagines the technology could 36 （add） someday to existing communication platforms， such as Zoom， or to online platforms such as Google Translate.That could help ASL speakers communicate with those who don’t know 37 language.Another promising application， he thinks， is as an education tool for people who want to learn ASL such as Duolingo.
28. 29. 30.
31. 32. 33.
34. 35. 36.
37.
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
基础知识自测
维度一
1.has read 2.has been playing 3.has been working
4.has been raining 5.have seen 6.has been decreasing
7.have been working 8.has been ringing
9.has been phoning 10.has been rising
维度二
1.have been practising playing
2.have been repairing
3.have been trying
4.have been writing
5.has been writing articles； has written about
维度三
1.Scientists have been studying gene technology
2.has been made
3.have been searching for ways to cure various diseases
4.have been searching for the secret of longevity
5.people have been able to live longer
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由剑桥大学眼科医生帕特里克·于韦曼领导的研究小组研究的一种有望成功治疗遗传性失明的新基因疗法。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，患者的线粒体中有缺陷的基因会导致视网膜细胞死亡，从而导致突然失明。由此可知，基因缺陷使人们患上Leber遗传性视神经病变。
2.C 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，研究人员对患者的眼睛进行对照实验。因此第三段主要讲述了实验过程。
3.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段首句可知，虽然这项研究在技术上是失败的，但它的实际成功意味着对Leber遗传性视神经病变的有效治疗或许终将可以实现。所以，这项治疗有望成功。
4.D 文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了由剑桥大学眼科医生帕特里克·于韦曼领导的研究小组研究的一种有望成功治疗遗传性失明的新基因疗法。虽然这项研究在技术上是失败的，但它的实际成功意味着对Leber遗传性视神经病变的有效治疗或许终将可以实现。由此推断，这篇文章可能会出现在报纸上的科学版块。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是激光、激光是如何被创造出来的以及它的应用，尤其是在医学领域的贡献。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦认为激光是可以被创造出来的。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，科学家通过让光穿过特殊气体得到同使用镜子和人造宝石相同的结果，创造出激光。
7.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，激光对医学领域的影响最大。
8.D 标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，文章介绍了激光的定义，激光是如何被创造出来的以及它的应用，尤其是在医学领域的贡献。因此D项（激光的发明和应用）为文章最佳标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家们正在致力于研究人体器官再生的可能性，并且在一次实验中成功地让青蛙长出了一条腿。
9.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的In an experiment， a frog regrew one of its legs in six months.可知，在实验中，青蛙重新长出了一条腿。因此科学家们是通过做实验的方式来证明生物电信号能够促进细胞成长这一过程的。
10.D 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，在应用到人类身上之前，要了解哪个生物电信号能影响哪个器官的形成。
11.B 标题归纳题。根据第一段内容并结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了人类器官的再生。所以B项（再生人类器官）作为文章标题最为合适。
12.C 文章出处题。文章主要讲述了人类器官再生的可能性以及需要做的研究。由此可知，这篇文章是一篇科普说明文，所以可能会出现在科学杂志上。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在远在他乡的Owen Connors看来，吉尼斯派不仅是故乡都柏林的味道，也是一种文化传承。
13.B 根据上文中的He’d be out there in all weathers.可知，连续四年，不管刮风下雨，Owen周六下午都要在学校打橄榄球，所以他那时候讨厌周六。
14.C 根据上文中的playing rugby和下文中的rain was 17 the windows可知，Owen在雨天打完橄榄球，天黑了往家走，浑身是泥。
15.A 根据上文中的walk home in the dark， 14 in mud and frozen to the bone可知，Owen打完球天已黑，浑身是泥，又冷，所以回到家后看到迎接他的美味吉尼斯派，感到很高兴。
16.D 参见上题解析。
17.D 根据上文中的Outside，the wind was blowing可知，此处描写的是风雨交加的场景。屋外刮着风，雨打着窗。
18.B 根据上文中的frozen to the bone和Outside， the wind was blowing， and the rain was 17 the windows.可知，屋外风雨交加，在温暖的厨房内，一家人舒舒服服地享受着美食。
19.B 参见上题解析。
20.D 参见第18题解析。
21.A 根据上文对打橄榄球和吃吉尼斯派的描写可知，二者带来的感受截然相反。
22.B 根据下文中的it felt like a warm hug可知，吃吉尼斯派带来的是家的味道。
23.D 根据下文中的he left his hometown可知，Owen以前从未真正融入都柏林的生活，所以毕业后他去外面的世界寻找新生活。
24.A 参见上题解析。
25.C 根据下文中的it’s clean， safe， near the mountains and lakes可知，到了慕尼黑之后，Owen被当地干净、安全、依山傍湖的环境所吸引，忽然就有了留下的想法。
26.D 参见上题解析。
27.A 根据下文中的Three generations shared the food of his childhood.可知，Owen和家人做的吉尼斯派成功了。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一名计算机程序设计员发明了一个手语翻译软件。
28.exploring 考查非谓语动词。设空处所在部分作状语，且Nand and his group与explore之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填exploring。
29.decided 考查动词的时态。设空处在句中作谓语，根据上下文语境可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填decided。
30.needed 考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语修饰the artificial intelligence technology，又因为the artificial intelligence technology与need之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填needed。
31.basically 考查词形转换。设空处在句中作状语，应用副词，故填basically，意为“基本地；基本上”。
32.points 考查名词复数。point在此处意为“点”，是可数名词，表泛指，且根据后面的on arms and hands可知，应用其复数形式，故填points。
33.which 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词words in ASL，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
34.to 考查介词。from ... to ...为固定搭配，表示“从……到……”。
35.to boost 考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth意为“计划做某事”，故填to boost。
36.be added 考查被动语态。the technology与add之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且设空处前有could，故填be added。
37.the 考查冠词。设空处特指上文提到的ASL，故填定冠词the。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
现在完成进行时
1.Scientists have been making great progress in robotic technology in recent years.
2.Over the past three months I have been testing out the limits of what I can do with my new hand， and it constantly surprises me.
3.I have rediscovered hobbies I had enjoyed before my accident.
4.For example，I have been cooking for my family again since I got my new hand.
5.Not only can I do more，but I have also become more confident and outgoing.
【我的发现】
（1）句1、2、4的时态是 ；句3和句5的时态是 。
（2）现在完成进行时表示动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，该动作可能刚停止，也可能仍在进行。常与 等状语或for、 since引导的时间状语连用。
（3）现在完成进行时的构成形式为 。
一、现在完成进行时的定义
表示一直持续到现在的动作，该动作可能刚停止，也可能仍在进行。
It has been raining all day.
雨已经下了一整天。（表示下雨这个动作从过去一直延续到现在，很有可能继续下雨）
二、现在完成进行时的构成
1.基本构成：has/have been doing
2.肯定句：主语＋has/have been＋doing ...
3.否定句：主语＋has/have not been＋doing ...
4.一般疑问句：Has/Have＋主语＋been＋doing ...？
Our government has been using PSAs to educate people for many years.
多年来，我们的政府一直在用公益广告来教育人们。
He hasn’t been sleeping for two days.
他两天没睡觉了。
Has he been studying hard since the new term began？
新学期开始以来，他一直在努力学习吗？
【即时演练1】 完成句子
①He since last year.
自从去年以来他一直在写那部小说。
②I in this company for three years.
我在这个公司已经工作三年了。
三、现在完成进行时的用法
1.表示延续：多用于延续性动词，如live、 learn、 lie、 stay、 sit、 wait、 stand、 rest、 study等，常和all the time、 this week、 this month、 all day、 all the morning、 these days、 recently等时间状语连用，还常与 since或for引导的时间状语连用。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有两千年的造纸历史。（还将继续造纸，不会停止造纸）
She has been painting the house all the afternoon.
她整个下午都在粉刷房子。（可能还将继续粉刷房子，不会停止）
Lily has been doing her homework since 2 o’clock this afternoon.
莉莉从今天下午两点开始就一直在做作业。（还将继续做作业，不会停止）
Mary has been going to writing classes every night since June and the course will end this weekend.
从6月开始，玛丽每天晚上去上写作课，这个课程将于这周末结束。（玛丽上写作课的动作从过去持续到这周末）
【点津】 使用现在完成进行时的句子，表意上需要动作行为具有延续性的特点。因此，某些不具延续性的动词，如come、 go、 marry、 die、 finish等，不适用于现在完成进行时。
2.表示重复：表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复发生的动作。
You have been saying that for five years. I’m fed up with it.
你这么说已经五年了。我受够了。（反复说，强调重复性）
We have been discussing the matter several times this year.
我们今年已经数次讨论过那件事。（反复讨论，强调重复性）
He has been promising me to help you. Hasn’t he done it？
他一直答应我要帮助你。他没这样做吗？ （反复承诺，强调重复性）
3.表达某种感彩：和进行时一样，现在完成进行时可以带有说话人的较重感彩（如赞扬、厌恶、抱怨等）。
Where have you been？I have been waiting for you in the rain for two hours.
你去哪了？我在雨中等了你两个小时。（抱怨）
Who’s been eating my apples？Why didn’t he tell me？
谁一直在吃我的苹果？为什么他不告诉我？（不满）
Recently Li Ming has been doing his work regularly.
近来，李明总是有规律地做他的工作。（表扬）
4.有时表示根据直接或间接的论据而得出的结论。
You don’t look well. Have you been working too hard？
你看起来不太好。你是不是工作太辛苦了？
【即时演练2】 完成句子
①I her but I can’t see her.
虽然我一直想着她，但是我不能见到她。
②You that you will study abroad.
整整一年你都在说要出国学习。
③You but never make an effort.
你一直在做白日梦，但从不努力。
四、现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
1.现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性；而现在完成时强调动作已完成，强调对现在的影响或产生的结果。
They have been widening the road， and the work is not finished.
他们一直在拓宽道路，但工程还没有完成。（延续性）
They have widened the road and the traffic on the road is smooth now.
他们拓宽了道路，现在路上的交通很畅通。（已完成）
2.现在完成进行时可表示动作的重复，而现在完成时强调结果，一般不表示动作的重复。
Have you been meeting him recently？
你最近经常见到他吗？（强调重复）
Have you met him recently？
你最近见过他吗？（强调结果）
3.现在完成进行时有时含有感彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙，说明一个事实、一种影响或结果。
Recently Mary has been doing sports regularly.
最近玛丽一直定期做运动。（有表扬意味）
Recently Mary has done sports regularly.
最近玛丽定期做运动。（只说明一个事实）
4.有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如状态动词 be、 have、 exist等；感情动词 like、 love等；感觉动词 see、 hear、 know等。
He has had a cold for a week.
他已经感冒一周了。
I have liked jazz since I was a teenager.
从青少年起我就喜欢爵士乐了。
5.现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，若要用时，可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。
The problem has been studied for five days.
研究这个问题已经五天了。
6.与一段时间连用时可以用现在完成时也可以用现在完成进行时；但与“次数”连用时只能用现在完成时，不能用现在完成进行时。
He has been ringing me up all morning.
他整个上午一直在给我打电话。
He has rung me up five times since 12 o’clock.
从十二点开始，他已经给我打了五次电话。
7.在“This/It/That is the first/second ...time that ...”句型中只能用现在完成时。
This is the first time that they have taken part in the Olympic Games.
这是他们第一次参加奥运会。
【即时演练3】 完成句子
① solar racing cars.
我一直在设计太阳能赛车。
②I for a long time.
我已经认识她很长时间了。
③The students .
学生们一直在准备考试。
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
equip vt.配备；使有能力
【教材原句】 Below is a personal account given by a girl who is equipped with a robotic hand.
下面是一位配备机械手的女孩的自述。
【用法】
（1）equip sb/oneself/sth with （for sth）
（为了……）使某人/某人自己/某物装备……
equip sb for sth 使某人具备某事的条件
equip sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事
be （fully/poorly） equipped with （齐全/简陋）装备着……
（2）equipment n. 设备，器材；配备，装备
a piece/set of equipment 一件/套设备
【佳句】 We equip students with the skills they will need once they leave college.
我们为学生提供他们离开大学后所需的技能。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We should equip ourselves knowledge to keep up with the pace of society.
②We want our son to have a good education that will equip him future life.
③Different metals have different uses.For example， steel is used in cars， and iron is used in electrical （equip）.
【写美】 完成句子
④Some lessons can help the growing demands of social media.
有些课程有助于孩子们应对社交媒体日益增长的需求。
grateful adj.感激的，表示感谢的
【教材原句】 I’m so grateful for all the new possibilities my robotic hand has opened up.
我对我的机械手创造的所有新机会都非常感激。
【用法】
（1）be grateful/thankful to sb for sth
＝thank sb for sth 因某事而感激某人
be grateful that ... 感激的是……
I would be grateful if you could ... 如果你能……，我将不胜感激
（2）gratitude n. 感激之情；感谢
gratefully adv. 感激地
【佳句】 She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her.
她感激医护人员为她做的一切。
Now I am grateful to myself for sticking to the thing I truly dreamed of.
现在我很感激自己坚持做自己真正梦想的事情。
【练透】 完成句子
①I am extremely their help.
我非常感谢所有老师的帮助。
②I you could give me some advice.
如果你能给我一些建议，我会很感激的。
③“Yes， I’ll give you time，” he .
“行，我给你时间，”他感激地说。
【写美】 翻译句子
④当汤姆把钱给他时，乞丐似乎很感激他所做的一切。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：not only ...but also ...
【教材原句】 Not only can I do more， but I have also become more confident and outgoing.
我不仅可以做得更多，而且我也变得更加自信和外向。
【用法】
（1）not only ...but also ...“不仅……而且……”，连接两个表示并列关系的成分（如主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语），有时也可以用来连接两个句子，着重强调后者，also有时可省略。
（2）not only ...but also ...连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装，但but also后的句子不用倒装。
（3）not only ...but also ...连接的两个成分作主语时，谓语动词要遵循“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词一般要与but also后的主语保持人称和数的一致。
【品悟】 Not only can these stories relieve my stress， but they can also broaden my horizons.
这些故事不仅可以缓解我的压力，还可以开阔我的视野。
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
①Not only the students but their teacher also .
不仅学生喜欢踢足球，他们的老师也喜欢。
②Smartphones not only take up our valuable time， but also do great harm to our health.
→ ， but it also do great harm to our health.（倒装句）
③We should not only raise money for them， but we should also help them rebuild their home.
→ ， but we should also help them rebuild their home.（倒装句）
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）现在完成进行时 现在完成时
（2）in recent years、 over the past few years
（3）has/have been doing
即时演练1
①has been writing the novel ②have been working
即时演练2
①have always been thinking of ②have been saying for a year ③have been daydreaming
即时演练3
①I’ve been designing ②have known her ③have been preparing for the exam
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①with ②for ③equipment ④equip children to deal with
2.①grateful to all my teachers for ②would be grateful if ③answered gratefully ④When Tom gave him the money，the beggar seemed grateful to him for what he did.
Part Ⅱ
①likes playing football
②Not only do smartphones take up our valuable time
③Not only should we raise money for them
6 / 6
