(共140张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Virtual① reality
SUSAN： Frank， you’ve been working at the forefront of②
developments in virtual reality for many years. [1]Can you tell us what
virtual reality is and how it works？
FRANK：Of course.The basic definition③of VR lies in④ the name
itself， which means “reality that is not real”.[2]When you wear a VR
headset⑤ equipped with⑥ sensors⑦ and a screen， you are surrounded by
three-D images， sounds and other sensory information， which creates a
super-realistic effect called “presence”⑧.[3]Though you know the
sensory information surrounding you is not real， part of your brain
believes it is—and acts accordingly.
[1]句中what和how引导并列的宾语从句，作tell的直接宾语。
[2]When引导时间状语从句；动词-ed短语equipped with sensors
and a screen作后置定语，修饰a VR headset；which引导非限制性定语
从句，修饰前面整句话。
[3]Though引导让步状语从句，动词-ing短语surrounding you作后
置定语，修饰名词information。
【读文清障】
①virtual adj.虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的
virtual reality虚拟现实
②at the forefront of处于最前列，进入重要地位
③definition n.定义；释义，解释
④lie in在于……
⑤headset n.耳机
⑥be equipped with装备着……
⑦sensor n.传感器，敏感元件
⑧create a super-realistic effect called “presence”营造出一种名为“临
场感”的超现实效果
SUSAN：Thanks， Frank. Can you give some examples of the
practical⑨ applications VR has？
FRANK：I’d love to. There are a host of⑩ educational applications.
Academic VR enables students to interact with others in a three-D
environment. There are endless possibilities for the subject matter that can
be created in a VR system. Imagine studying the solar system or the human
body in a fully immersive environment. By delivering the content in a
meaningful way， this new approach to learning manages to engage
students’ interest and enhance learning efficiency . [4]The applications
can be expanded to make it easier to visualize data such as engineering
projects and a variety of other design developments.It’s pretty exciting！
SUSAN：This sounds like it has a lot of constructive applications.
What about its uses for highly developed technical industries such as
medicine？
FRANK：Surgeons are already using robotic technology with VR to
perform complex surgery. [5]What if I told you that doctors could create a
virtual “twin ” in order to practise delicate surgery before attempting it
on the patient？ This technology can be applied to train new surgeons； it
also enables experts to test new techniques safely before trying them on
human subjects. Treatments of anxiety and drug addiction are other
valuable and cost-effective applications of VR.
[4]句中含有“make＋it＋adj.＋to do sth”结构，it作形式宾语，
动词不定式短语to visualize data ...作真正的宾语；动词不定式短语to
make it ...作目的状语。
[5]本句为“What if ...？”句型， 意为“如果……会怎么
样？”，其完整形式是What would happen if ...？； 从句中含有一个
that引导的宾语从句；in order to practise ...在句中作目的状语。
⑨practical adj.实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的
the practical applications 实际应用
⑩a host of许多，大量
academic adj.教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的
immersive adj.（计算机系统或图像）沉浸式虚拟现实的
engage vt.& vi.吸引住（注意力、兴趣）；雇用，聘用；与……建立
密切关系
enhance vt.提高；增强；增进
learning efficiency学习效率
twin n.双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一 adj.双胞胎之一的；成对
的，成双的
SUSAN：That is amazing！ It sounds like VR will be a life-changing
technology as well as a life-saving one. How will it affect the different
aspects of our everyday lives， such as entertainment， shopping and
travelling？
FRANK：The entertainment industry is one of the most enthusiastic
advocates of VR. Current game systems come with headsets so that
players can enter virtual environments and play against either real or virtual
opponents. [6]It won’t be long before virtual museums and interactive
three-D exhibitions become common.When shopping online， you can
look forward to being able to have your own virtual reality clone try on
clothes and to see products with 360-degree views. Also， people who
want to go on holiday will have the opportunity to take a virtual tour of
several destinations before deciding where to go. In both of these cases，
this technology will help people make more informed choices.
SUSAN： I can’t wait！ However， as with any technology，
there must be some barriers to the development of VR， I guess？
FRANK：It really boils down to three things — time， cost and
technical limitations. We will need time to develop and fine-tune the
hardware and software. The initial cost will discourage most people in
the beginning but that should be fixed over time. The last issue is our own
technical limitations. [7]Just trying to figure out how to do what we want
in terms of technology will prove challenging in some areas.
SUSAN：[8]Considering there are so many challenges to deal
with， are you still optimistic about the future of VR？
[6]句中before引导时间状语从句。It won’t be long before ...意为
“要不了多久就……”。
[7]动词-ing短语trying to figure out how ... technology作主语；
“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构how to do ... technology作figure out的宾
语；what引导宾语从句，作do的宾语。
[8]Considering引导原因状语从句，意为“考虑到；鉴于”。
advocate n.拥护者；支持者；提倡者 vt.拥护；支持；提倡
look forward to期待，期望
clone n.好像一模一样的人；复制品；克隆动物（或植物） vt.克
隆，以无性繁殖技术复制
try on试穿；试戴
go on holiday度假；去度假
informed adj.明智的；有见识的；有学问的；可靠的
as with如同，和……一样
barrier n.障碍，阻力；屏障，障碍物；分界线，隔阂
boil down to
归结为，基本问题是
fine-tune vt.对……微调
initial adj.最初的，开始的 n.首字母
figure out理解，弄清；想出；计算出
in terms of在……方面；从……角度看；根据……来说
optimistic adj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的
pessimistic adj.悲观的
FRANK： Sure. When talking about VR， we should keep in mind
its quick rate of evolution. The possibilities seem endless. [9]For
example， 5G technology， with its potential to serve up more stable
mobile connectivity at faster speed， will make it possible for people to
enjoy a more immersive VR experience wherever they are. Indeed we are
only limited by our imagination. [10]What excites me the most is that
young people today are digital citizens who are comfortable with
technology. [11]They’re well equipped to become part of a technological
generation that will develop and use VR to do things we might think
impossible today.
SUSAN： Thank you， Frank. It all sounds wonderful.
[9]with复合结构with its potential to serve ... speed作状语；make it
possible ... 中it作形式宾语，动词不定式短语to enjoy a more immersive
VR experience wherever they are作真正的宾语；wherever引导让步状
语从句。
[10]句中What引导主语从句；that引导表语从句；who引导定语
从句，修饰先行词digital citizens。
[11]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a technological generation；
后面的定语从句we might think impossible today修饰先行词things，从
句中省略了关系代词that或which。
keep in mind
牢记；放在心上
serve up 给出，提供；端上（食物）
【参考译文】
虚拟现实
苏 珊：弗兰克，你已经在虚拟现实技术开发的最前沿工作了很多
年。你能告诉我们虚拟现实是什么，以及它的工作原理吗？
弗兰克：当然可以。我们从虚拟现实的名字就能看出它的基本定义，
意思就是“非真实的现实”。当你戴上配有传感器和屏幕的虚拟现实
头戴设备时，你将被三维影像、声音和其他感官信息环绕包围，这些
会营造出一种名为“临场感”的超现实效果。尽管你知道身边的感官
信息是虚拟的，你大脑中的某些区域还是会相信它是真的——并且会
作出相应的反馈。
苏 珊：谢谢，弗兰克。你能为我们举几个虚拟现实应用的
实例吗？
弗兰克：当然乐意。（虚拟现实）有大量教育方面的应用。教学虚拟
现实使学生能够在一个三维环境中与其他人互动。能在虚拟现实系统
中创作的题材具有无限的可能性。你可以想象在一个完全沉浸式的环
境中学习太阳系或者人体构造。通过用一种富有意义的方式来呈现内
容，这种新的学习方式能够吸引学生的兴趣，提高学习效率。这些应
用还能进一步扩展，使得工程项目和其他各类设计开发项目的数据更
容易得到可视化的呈现。这真的很令人激动！
苏 珊：听起来虚拟现实有着许多具有建设性的应用。那么，它在医
药等高新技术产业的应用如何呢？
弗兰克：外科医生已经在借助虚拟现实和机器人技术完成复杂的外科
手术。如果我告诉你，医生可以先造出一个虚拟的“孪生病人”练习
精密的手术，然后再在病人身上进行实际操作呢？这项技术可以用来
训练新晋外科医生，也可以帮助专家在对人体进行实验之前安全地测
试新技术。焦虑和药物成瘾的治疗则是另外一些具有价值且成本低廉
的虚拟现实应用。
苏 珊：这太惊人了！听起来虚拟现实会是一种既能挽救生命又能改
变生活的技术。对于娱乐、购物和旅行等日常生活的不同方面，它会
带来怎样的影响呢？
弗兰克：娱乐产业是最热切追捧虚拟现实的行业之一。目前的游戏系
统配有头戴设备，能够让玩家进入虚拟环境，与真实或虚拟的敌人竞
赛。用不了多久，虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变得司空见惯。
网上购物时，你可以期待拥有自己的虚拟现实克隆人替你试穿衣服、
360°全方位查看商品。此外，想要出门度假的人们将有机会以虚拟的
方式游览一些目的地，然后再决定去哪儿。在这两种场景下，虚拟现
实技术都将帮助人们作出更明智的选择。
苏 珊：我都等不及了！但是任何技术都有瓶颈，虚拟现实的发展想
必也是如此吧？
弗兰克：实际上就归结为三件事：时间、成本和技术局限。我们需要
时间来开发并调试硬件和软件。早期成本在一开始会吓退大多数人，
但这个问题应该会慢慢解决。最后的问题在于我们自身的技术局限。
在某些领域，光是试图弄清楚如何从技术角度实现我们的想法就将是
挑战重重的。
苏 珊：考虑到需要应对这么多挑战，你对虚拟现实的未来还抱有乐
观心态吗？
弗兰克：当然。当我们谈论虚拟现实的时候，需要牢记它的进展
之快。虚拟现实似乎有着无限可能。比方说，5G 技术能够以更快
的速度提供更稳定的移动网络连接，它将使人们在任何地方都能
享受到更为沉浸式的虚拟现实体验。我们的确只是受限于我们的
想象力罢了。最令我感到激动的是，如今的年轻人都是数字公
民，对技术都已习以为常。他们具备良好的条件成为技术一代的
一员。他们在未来将会发展并使用虚拟现实所做的事情，在今天
的我们看来可能是难以想象的。
苏 珊：谢谢你，弗兰克。这一切听起来都很美好。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. What is the key factor that can make virtual reality work？
A. People can just wear a common headset.
B. People know the sensory information is not real.
C. People wear a VR headset equipped with sensors and a screen.
D. People can be surrounded by three-D images，sounds and other sensory
information.
2. Which of the followings are the application of VR in medicine？
①train new surgeons
②test new techniques safely
③treat anxiety and drug addiction
④help doctors work at home
A. ②③④ B. ①②③
C. ①②④ D. ①③④
3. What are the barriers to the development of VR？
A. Time， cost and technical limitations.
B. The development of the hardware.
C. The development of the software.
D. The development of technology.
4. What conclusion can we reach regarding the future of VR？
A. It will be a rather long time before VR comes into our daily lives.
B. There are some disadvantages that will stop the development of VR.
C. 5G technology lays foundation for an immersive VR experience.
D. Young people are not willing to become part of technological
generation.
5. What’s the editor’s purpose of having this interview？
A. To illustrate how VR works.
B. To criticize the bad consequences of VR.
C. To know more information of VR from an expert.
D. To have a debate with the expert about VR technology.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词
“动词＋-ance→名词”集锦
①annoy使恼怒；使生气→annoyance恼怒；生气；烦恼
②perform履行；执行→performance表演；演出
③assist帮助；协助；援助→assistance帮助；援助；支持
④guide指引→guidance指导；引导；咨询
⑤appear看来；好像→appearance外貌；外观；外表
2. 美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
下定义法：下定义（definition）就是解释某事物是什么，不是什
么。运用这一方法进行写作时，通常是先给出某事物的定义，然后
对其内涵和外延作简要说明。请从课文中找出一个句子，朗读并翻
译成汉语。
原句：
The basic definition of VR lies in the name itself， which
means “reality that is not real”. When you wear a VR headset
equipped with sensors and a screen， you are surrounded by three-D
images， sounds and other sensory information， which creates a super-
realistic effect called “presence”.Though you know the sensory
information surrounding you is not real， part of your brain believes it
is—and acts accordingly.
翻译：
我们从虚拟现实的名字就能看出它的基本定义，意思就是
“非真实的现实”。当你戴上配有传感器和屏幕的虚拟现实头戴设
备时，你将被三维影像、声音和其他感官信息环绕包围，这些会营
造出一种名为“临场感”的超现实效果。尽管你知道身边的感官信
息是虚拟的，你大脑中的某些区域还是会相信它是真的——并且会
作出相应的反馈。
第四步：析难句，清阅读障碍
1. When you wear a VR headset equipped with sensors and a screen， you
are surrounded by three-D images， sounds and other sensory
information， which creates a super-realistic effect called “presence”.
句式分析
当你戴上配有传感器和屏幕的虚拟现实头戴设备时，你将被三维
影像、声音和其他感官信息环绕包围，这些会营造出一种名为“临
场感”的超现实效果。
尝试翻译
2. When shopping online， you can look forward to being able to have
your own virtual reality clone try on clothes and to see products with
360-degree views.
尝试翻译
网上购物时，你可以期待拥有自己的虚拟现实克隆人替你试穿衣
服、360°全方位查看商品。
句式分析
3. What excites me the most is that young people today are digital citizens
who are comfortable with technology.
句式分析
尝试翻译
最令我感到激动的是，如今的年轻人都是数字公民，对技术都已
习以为常。
第五步：拓视野，育思维品质
1. How does the expert introduce the examples of different applications of
VR？（Logical Thinking 逻辑性思维）
The expert introduces the examples in an orderly way. Linking words
such as “also” are used to connect examples. He also uses topic
sentences when introducing different aspects of the applications， such
as the topic sentence “There are a host of educational applications.”
2. What future development do you think VR will have？（Creative
Thinking 创造性思维）
Fully immersive VR is on the cards for the future development of VR
technology. There would be a revolutionary interface and a newer
powerful computing platform. Programmers and developers would
create a richly detailed virtual world with unlimited possibilities and
scenarios. Then a powerful computer will be able to detect the user’s
quick movements in real time and adjust the VR experience accordingly.
The hardware would also be developed to keep up with the software，so
head-mounted displays， sensory gloves， high-definition screens and
stereo sound systems will all be linked to the computer system， thus
fully immersing the user into the virtual world.
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
engage vt.& vi.吸引住（注意力、兴趣）；雇用，聘用；与……建立
密切关系
【教材原句】 By delivering the content in a meaningful way， this new
approach to learning manages to engage students’ interest and enhance
learning efficiency.
通过用一种富有意义的方式来呈现内容，这种新的学习方式能够吸引
学生的兴趣，提高学习效率。
【用法】
（1）engage in 参与，（使）从事
engage sb as ... 聘请某人为……
engage sb to do sth聘请某人做某事
engage sb’s interest/attention 吸引某人的兴趣/注意力
（2）engaged adj. 忙于……的；已订婚的；占线的
be engaged to sb 与某人订婚
be engaged in/on ...忙于……
（3）engagement n. 约会；订婚；雇用；参加；参与
engaging adj. 有趣的；令人愉快的；迷人的
【佳句】 Without your guidance and encouragement， we couldn’t have
made so great progress， so we decide to engage you as our guide.
没有您的指导和鼓励，我们不可能取得如此大的进步，所以我们决定
聘请您作我们的指导者。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Jia Yi was very knowledgeable， and he （engage）
as the teacher of the emperor.
②The students are totally engaged academic life， using the
college’s chances and resources.
③No one knows why they broke up after their
（engage）.
was engaged
in
engagement
【写美】 完成句子
④Some students the elderly do the
housework.
一些学生忙着帮老年人做家务。
⑤We should international
communication so as to tell the stories of China well.
我们应该提高参与国际交流的能力，以便讲好中国故事。
were/are engaged in helping
improve our ability to engage in
boil down to归结为，基本问题是
【教材原句】 It really boils down to three things — time， cost and
technical limitations.
实际上就归结为三件事：时间、成本和技术局限。
【用法】
（1）boil （sth） down 使煮浓/熬浓
boil sth down （to sth） 概括；归纳；压缩
（2）come down to 可归结为；可归纳为
get down to 开始认真考虑；着手处理
look down upon/on 看不起
down to the ground 彻底地
down to earth 务实的；切合实际的
【佳句】 The whole issue will probably boil down to parental
responsibility.
整个事件也许会归结为父母的责任问题。
【用准】 boil down to不能用于进行时，其中to是介词。
【练透】 选用上面短语填空
①Glona is probably the most person I’ve met in the
past few years.
②She her work right after her holiday.
③All work is of equal value， so we can’t those
manual workers.
【写美】 完成句子
④What they want just one thing： It is love.
他们想要的归根结底只有一样东西：那就是爱。
down to earth
got down to
look down upon/on
boils down to
optimistic adj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的
【教材原句】 Considering there are so many challenges to deal with，
are you still optimistic about the future of VR？考虑到需要应对这么多
挑战，你对虚拟现实的未来还抱有乐观心态吗？
【用法】
（1）be optimistic about ... 对……乐观
have an optimistic attitude towards ... 对……持乐观的态度
（2）optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义
optimist n. 乐观的人；乐天派
【佳句】 The real happiness is optimistic about life， happy to work，
and enthusiastic about the cause.
真正的幸福是对生活乐观，对工作快乐，对事业热情。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①To be honest，we may now look forward with
（optimistic）.
②Chinese tourist representatives were optimistic the future of
Chinese tourism.
③An （optimistic） is a person who always expects good
things to happen or things to be successful.
optimism
about
optimist
【写美】 翻译句子
④随着年龄的增长，我变得越来越乐观。
As I grow older， I get more and more optimistic.
annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰
【教材原句】 Does it annoy you to see cars blocking the road like
weeds when you are travelling？
旅游时，你看到大量的汽车堵塞公路是否会感到烦躁？
【用法】
（1）annoyed adj. 感到恼怒的，感到烦恼的
be annoyed at/about sth 因……而烦恼，对某事感到恼怒
be annoyed with sb 生某人的气，被某人惹恼
be annoyed to do .../that ... 使人恼怒的是……
（2）annoyance n. 恼怒，生气；使人烦恼的事
to one’s annoyance 使某人生气的是
【佳句】 His constant joking was beginning to annoy her.
他不停地开玩笑，已开始惹她生气了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We （annoy） to find that the plane had been
delayed.
②He was beginning to get very annoyed me about my
carelessness.
③Much to our （annoy）， they decided not to come
after all.
④People get （annoy） when things don’t go according to
plan.
were annoyed
with
annoyance
annoyed
【写美】 完成句子
⑤ was that the loud noise outside disturbed
my mind.
使我恼火的是外面的嘈杂声使我心烦意乱。
What made me annoyed
expense n.费用；开销；开支
【教材原句】 All this technology does not come at the expense of
fashion.
整个这项技术没有影响产品的时尚性。
【用法】
（1）at great expense 以巨大的代价
at the expense of 在牺牲（或损害）……的情况下
at sb’s expense 由某人付钱，由某人负担费用
living expenses 生活费用
（2）expensive adj. 昂贵的；价格高的
expensively adv. 昂贵地
【佳句】 We shouldn’t make money at the expense of our health.我们
不应该以牺牲健康为代价来赚钱。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He earned his fortune the expense of his health.
②When father lost his job， our living （expense） had to
be cut to the bone.
【写美】 完成句子
③If there should be something wrong with it while it is still under
guarantee， we would .
在保修期内万一有什么毛病，我们负责修理，修理费用我们负担。
at
expenses
repair it at our expense
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：What if ...？
【教材原句】 What if I told you that doctors could create a virtual
“twin” in order to practise delicate surgery before attempting it on the
patient？
如果我告诉你，医生可以先造出一个虚拟的“孪生病人”练习精密的
手术，然后再在病人身上进行实际操作呢？
【用法】
（1）What if ...？常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等，意为“倘
使……将会怎样？/如果……将会怎样？”，其后经常跟一般现在
时，有时根据语境也可以跟虚拟语气。
（2）常用句式拓展：
What for？ 为什么？
So what？ 那又怎么样？
What’s up？ 怎么啦？发生什么事了？
How come？ 怎么会这样呢？
【品悟】 What if it rained and then froze all through those months？
如果那几个月一直下雨然后又结冰该怎么办？
【写美】 完成句子
①—I’m afraid it’s too expensive.
— ？ We have plenty of money.
——恐怕太贵了。
——那又怎么样？我们有足够的钱。
So what
②—Susan is absent from today’s writing class.
— ？ As far as I know， she has never missed a class.
——苏珊今天没来上写作课。
——怎么会这样呢？ 据我所知，她从没缺过一节课。
③ he doesn’t accompany you to Beijing？
要是他不陪你去北京怎么办呢？
How come
What if
句型公式：before引导时间状语从句
【教材原句】 It won’t be long before virtual museums and interactive
three-D exhibitions become common.
用不了多久，虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变得司空见惯。
【用法】
（1）It won’t be long before ... 用不了多久就会……（before从句用一
般现在时）
（2）It will be＋一段时间＋before ... 要过多长时间才……（before从
句用一般现在时）
（3）It wasn’t long before ... 没过多长时间就……（before从句用一
般过去时）
（4）It was＋一段时间＋before ... 过了多长时间才……（before从
句用一般过去时）
（5）before sb knew it 某人不知不觉就……
【品悟】 Do what you should do before you do what you want to do.
在你做想做的事情之前首先要去做应该做的事情。
【写美】 完成句子
①The young couple， who returned my lost wallet， left
.
那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包，我还没来得及问他们的名字，
他们就离开了。
before I could
ask for their names
② an hour had passed and it was time to move on to
lunch.
不知不觉一个小时就过去了，到了吃午饭的时间了。
③It we meet again.
五年后我们才能再见面。
Before I knew it
will be five years before
句型公式：what引导名词性从句
【教材原句】 What excites me the most is that young people today are
digital citizens who are comfortable with technology.
最令我感到激动的是，如今的年轻人都是数字公民，对技术都已习以
为常。
【用法】
what用作连接代词，常用来引导名词性从句，即主语从句、宾语从
句、表语从句和同位语从句。what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要
的特点：
（1）what在相应的名词性从句中有一定的意义，常表示“什
么”“所……的”“……的样子”“……的事/话”等。
（2）what在相应的名词性从句中常作主语、宾语或表语。
【品悟】 What was once regarded as impossible has now become a
reality.曾经被认为不可能的事情现在变成了现实。
A new supermarket has been built in what was wasteland before.
一家新超市在以前是废墟的地方建起来了。
【写美】 完成句子
①I have no idea .
我不知道他们正在那个房间里谈论什么。
②Who is it that has made Tom ？
是谁造就了汤姆现在的样子？
③ is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent
to her.
令我惊讶的是，每个人似乎都对她漠不关心。
what they are talking about in that room
what he is now
What surprised me
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. We love our technology but not at the e of our children’s health.
2. The t were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different
environments.
3. A s is an object which has been sent into space in order to
collect information or to be part of a communication system.
4. A team from the UK were the first to successfully c an animal.
5. In terms of （学术的） performance， Tom is the top
student in his class.
xpense
wins
atellite
lone
academic
6. Please fill in the form with your name， （性别）， age，
nationality and education level.
7. New technology has enabled readers to read books in an
online （虚拟的） library.
8. My （最初的） reaction was that I was surprised that the
numbers were so high.
9. They enjoyed a high income and comfortable lifestyle that many people
would （羡慕）.
10. The （障碍） to your success is to worry too much about
the mistakes.
gender
virtual
initial
envy
barrier
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. Don’t be so （envy） of your fellow worker’s success.If
you devote yourself to your work， you can succeed， too.
2. To our surprise，their （engage） was not announced
in the local newspaper， but on the Internet.
3. Without （globe） participation， no solution is likely to
work.
envious
engagement
global
4. Her most （annoy） habit was talking with her mouth
full.
5. Actually， this species has a wide （distribute） in our
country.
6. The music of the time mirrored the feeling of
（optimistic） in the country.
7. We can offer you some （practice） suggestions on how
to have a balanced diet.
8. It’s difficult to make an accurate （predict） about the
effects on the environment.
annoying
distribution
optimism
practical
prediction
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1. 他以健康为代价换来了成功。（at the expense of）
He achieved success .
2. 我们所需要的是更多的实践。（what引导名词性从句）
is more practice.
3. 用不了多久花园的杂草就会被清除掉。（before ...）
It the weeds are removed from the garden.
at the expense of his health
What we need
won’t be long before
4. 他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他不够努力。（that引导表语从
句）
The reason why he was not admitted into a key university was
.
5. 每天有这么多人用英语交流，英语将变得越来越重要。（with复合
结构）
every day，
English will become more and more important.
that he
didn’t work hard enough
With so many people communicating in English
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
The basic definition of VR lies in the name itself， 1.
means “reality that is not real”. When you wear a VR headset
2. （equip） with sensors and a screen， you are surrounded
by three-D images， sounds and other 3. （sense）
information. Though you know the sensory information 4.
（surround） you is not real， part of your brain believes it is—and acts
accordingly.
which
equipped
sensory
surrounding
Academic VR 5. （able） students to interact with others in a
three-D environment. Surgeons are already using 6. （robot）
technology with VR to perform complex surgery. The entertainment
industry is one of 7. most enthusiastic advocates of VR. Also，
people who want to go on holiday will have the opportunity to take a
virtual tour 8. several destinations before deciding where 9.
（go）. Young people are well equipped to become part of a
technological generation 10. will develop and use VR to do things.
enables
robotic
the
of
to
go
that
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
NAO，the first robot able to show feelings，has been created by a
European research team.When NAO is sad，he lowers his head and looks
down.When he’s happy，he raises his arms for a hug.Nothing is out of the
ordinary， except that NAO is a robot.
“We’re modelling the first year of life，” says Lola Canamero， a
computer scientist at the University of Hertfordshire.“The feelings are
shown through physical gestures and body movements rather than facial or
verbal expressions.”
“In the future，” says the scientist， “robots are likely to act as
companions， provide support for old people，and help people shop
online.” In these situations，the display of emotions，will be important
in making the interaction more natural and comfortable.
NAO has been programmed to copy the emotional skills of a one-
year-old child.It can memorize faces，and knows the basic rules of good
and bad.Based on these it can decide how to react to what is going on.The
actions going with each feeling are pre-programmed， but NAO decides
for itself when to display them.
NAO is also programmed to have different personalities.A more
independent robot is less likely to call for help when exploring a room，
while a more fearful robot will show distress if it finds something in the
room that may be harmful.
Canamero’s team will take its emotional programming forward into
medical applications.Part of the project will look at ways to use robots in
hospitals to support the roles of doctors，nurses and parents.Children
might find that a small，friendly-looking robot that can understand their
emotional states makes them less anxious.“We want to explore different
roles — the robots will help the children to understand their treatment and
explain what they have to do.We want to help the children to control their
anxiety，” she says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由欧洲研究团队发
明的第一个能够通过动作表达感情的机器人NAO，该团队希望能将
它的情感程序应用到医学领域。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由欧洲研究团队发
明的第一个能够通过动作表达感情的机器人NAO，该团队希望能将
它的情感程序应用到医学领域。
1. According to the text， what do we know about NAO？
A. It displays different feelings in different situations.
B. It is able to imitate adults’ emotional displays.
C. It can remember people’s feelings.
D. It learns emotions from facial expressions.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的When NAO is sad，he
lowers his head and looks down.When he’s happy，he raises his arms
for a hug.可知，当NAO伤心时，它会低下头；当它开心时，它会伸
出手臂要求拥抱，这说明NAO能在不同情况下表达不同的情绪。
2. What can we learn from the text？
A. Scientists worked on facial and spoken expressions to create NAO’s
emotions.
B. The time when NAO displays feelings has been pre-programmed.
C. Emotional programming is used in medicine production.
D. Robots with emotional skills can help children feel more comfortable.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Children might find
that a small， friendly-looking robot that can understand their
emotional states makes them less anxious.可知，如果孩子们有
一个小小的、友好的又能够理解他们情感状态的机器人陪着的
话，他们可能就不会那么焦虑了，也就是说具有情感技能的机器
人可以帮助孩子们感觉更舒服。
3. What does the underlined word“distress” in Paragraph 5 probably
mean？
A. Courage. B. Anxiety.
C. Anger. D. Satisfaction.
解析：词义猜测题。前面提到一个更独立的机器人在探索房间
时很少寻求帮助，是独立完成任务的。句中的while表示对比，由此
可以判断，后面是说一个胆怯的机器人如果在房间里发现可能有害
的东西时会表现出“焦虑”（的情绪）。
4. What is the text mainly about？
A. The relationship between humans and robots.
B. The roles that robots play in different fields.
C. The first robot able to show feelings.
D. The long history of robots.
解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一个
由欧洲研究团队发明的第一个能够表达感情的机器人NAO。
B
In many communities， people have never even heard of clefts （腭
裂）， yet it’s one of the most common birth differences.In fact，one in
every 700 babies worldwide is born with a cleft.That’s why the world’s
largest consumer health company， GSK Consumer Healthcare， and their
partner Smile Train， the world’s largest cleft charity， are helping
thousands of children around the world living with it！
GSK Consumer Healthcare has a passion for researching and
developing science-led solutions that benefit everyone.They believe that
everyone should receive oral （口腔的） health care， but they know not
everyone has equal access to it.Their goal is to change that fact.
Through their partnership， GSK Consumer Healthcare has so far
helped Smile Train educate 8，813 healthcare professionals to continue
their model of cleft care.They’ve also enabled 13，537 life-changing
surgeries and supported 38，000 families worldwide.And they’re not
finished yet！
Félix from Argentina is one child who has received cleft care thanks to
GSK Consumer Healthcare and Smile Train’s partnership.After being born
with a cleft， Félix was fortunate to be sent straight to a Smile Train
partner hospital to meet with a team of specialists.Félix was fitted with a
specialized prosthesis （假体） to get a head start on closing his cleft
before surgery.His family was also advised on feeding techniques to help
Félix grow strong enough for surgery.
His mother Noelia was amazed to discover that all of the specialized
care Félix would need at every stage of his cleft journey would be provided
100 per cent free！Most importantly， this care has enabled her to dream
of a bright， happy future for her son.
Félix is just one of many children whose lives were completely
changed thanks to GSK Consumer Healthcare and Smile Train.GSK
Consumer Healthcare will continue to provide Smile Train with valuable
funding， support， and expert knowledge to help more children with
clefts live their best lives.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。GSK Consumer Healthcare与Smile
Train联手为患有腭裂的儿童提供治疗和护理。
本文是一篇说明文。GSK Consumer Healthcare与Smile
Train联手为患有腭裂的儿童提供治疗和护理。
5. What do the underlined words “that fact” in Paragraph 2 refer to？
A. That there is a lack of awareness about clefts.
B. That there is unequal access to oral health care.
C. That there are high risks of babies having clefts.
D. That there are ineffective solutions to oral diseases.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的They believe that everyone
should receive oral （口腔的） health care， but they know not
everyone has equal access to it.可知，GSK Consumer Healthcare相信
每个人都应该接受口腔保健，但他们知道并不是每个人都有平等的
机会接受口腔保健。由此可知，他们的目标就是改变“（人们）获
得口腔保健的机会不平等”这一现状。
6. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about concerning GSK Consumer
Healthcare and Smile Train？
A. The positive results of their partnership.
B. The full recognition of their partnership.
C. The details of their partnership.
D. The future of their partnership.
解析： 段落大意题。第三段用具体数据介绍了GSK Consumer
Healthcare与Smile Train合作后为后者提供的支持，以及二者合作进
行过的手术和帮助过的家庭。由此可知，本段主要介绍了二者合作
后所取得的积极成果。
7. What surprised Félix’s mother very much？
A. Félix had to use a prosthesis.
B. Félix was fed in special ways.
C. Félix would have surgery soon.
D. Félix could receive free treatment.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，令Félix的母亲惊
讶的是，Félix所需的所有专业护理都是免费的。
8. What is the main purpose of the text？
A. To praise Félix’s brave battle against a cleft.
B. To remind people of the danger of having a cleft.
C. To encourage people to form a correct view of clefts.
D. To spread two organizations’ impact on cleft treatment.
解析： 写作目的题。通读全文可知，本文主要以Félix为例介绍
了GSK Consumer Healthcare与Smile Train联手为患有腭裂的儿童提
供改变他们一生的治疗和护理，即广泛传播这两个组织对腭裂治疗
的巨大影响。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Prepare for a Wildfire
Before you can effectively prepare， it’s very important to understand
how wildfires operate.Many think wildfires destroy homes because a wall
of flames moves across the landscape. 9 .Now that you know what a
wildfire is， here’s how you can protect your home and your family.
10
The Red Cross Emergency app will send you emergency warnings that
are key to your location， while the Federal Emergency Management
Agency app provides a list of local shelters accepting people.You shouldn’t
rely on emergency warning broadcast systems because by the time the
warning gets to your TV or radio， it may already be too late.
Keep the area surrounding your home free of fire hazards
（隐患）
Fire hazards in your home aren’t the only things you need to worry
about. 11 .Wood fences will also catch fire when pieces and ash are
blown against them.That’s why you should remove and replace all sections
of a fence with stone of metal.
Put money in building fireproof vents （通风口）
12 ， including the passageway， attic and roof， with a
fireproof vent like a Vulcan vent.Screen them with at least 1/8-inch wire
netting.Enclosed eaves （屋檐） protect rafters from wind-blown ash
getting into the attic space and prevent any heat from getting trapped in the
eaves and lighting the roof.
Collect dead leaves and properly deal with them
Dry， dead leaves， as well as pine needles and dry grass， are
extremely flammable.But when throwing away leaves， do not store them
near the house of by a woodpile — even if they are already bagged.It’s
important to get rid of these fire hazards quickly. 13 .
A. Download emergency apps
B. Do not store them close to the house
C. It’s important to replace or cover all vents
D. Build defensible spaces and harden your home
E. Make sure they are far enough from your home
F. Clear the area immediately around your home of hazards
G. Actually， it’s things around our homes that destroy most of them
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了预防野火烧毁自己
的房屋的几个准备措施。
9. G 根据空前一句可知，此处语义应发生转折，说明实际破坏房屋
的东西。G项（实际上，是房屋周围的东西摧毁了它们中的大部分）
承接上文，说明与普遍认知不同的实际原因。G项中的Actually和上文
中的Many think相呼应，homes和destroy均是原词复现。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了预防野火烧毁自己
的房屋的几个准备措施。
10. A 根据本段的关键词组The Red Cross Emergency app、emergency
warnings以及the Federal Emergency Management Agency app可知，本
段主要说明了各项手机应用程序能够给人们发送紧急预警信息。A项
（下载紧急情况应用程序）符合语境。
11. F 根据本段小标题可知，本段主要说明了要清除家附近的火灾隐
患，F项（立即清除你家周围的隐患）符合语境，且F项中的area、
around your home和hazards与小标题相呼应。
12. C 根据设空处下文可知，此处列举通道、阁楼和屋顶的防火通风
口，说明需要对这几处的通风口进行改造，C项（替换或覆盖所有的
通风口很重要）符合语境。
13. E 根据上文可知，枯叶、松针和干草等易燃的火灾隐患应立刻被
消除，E项（确保它们离你的家足够远）符合语境，E项中的they指代
上文中的these fire hazards， 且far enough from your home与上文中的do
not store them near the house 相呼应。
Ⅲ.完形填空
“You can’t control your first thought， but you can control your
second thought，” the speaker said as she delivered her presentation.I
didn’t give her advice a second thought until I was getting 14 about all
my son’s questions on our drive home， and my answers were getting
shorter with every “Why？”
My son， an autistic （患自闭症的） child， always asks many of
the same questions.He was getting 15 with me for not giving him the
answers he 16 ， and I was getting upset with him because I felt
bombarded （轰炸） and couldn’t 17 .I was about to raise my voice
and tell him to 18 ， but I took a deep breath and told myself，
“Control your second thought.” There is something powerful about
it.The word “control”leads me to more 19 reactions now.
I used to feel guilt and shame for getting 20 too quickly and for
the 21 of only my first thought.This 22 — You can’t control your
first thought — helped me realize that my thoughts are 23 ， and they
are perfectly alright.Taken together， both parts of this advice told me that
my first and second thoughts are not in conflict； they are a
natural 24 .For the first time in my life， I was able to 25 the co-
existence of my first and second thoughts.It was an important lesson for me
in my constant 26 to be a better father than I was yesterday.
When I 27 my second thought， my son gets more of me.Now I
am a better father because I 28 this one piece of advice to myself
every day.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。我们无法控制我们的念头，但
却可以控制我们的行为。
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。我们无法控制我们的念头，但
却可以控制我们的行为。
14. A. serious B. particular
C. impatient D. unsure
解析： 根据下文的my answers were getting shorter with
every “Why？”和I felt bombarded可知，在我们开车回家的
路上，“我”对儿子的问题感到不耐烦，“我”的回答也变得
越来越简短。
15. A. strict B. friendly C. familiar D. upset
解析： 根据上文的my answers were getting shorter with every
“Why？”和空后的for not giving him the answers可知，“我”的
儿子因为没有得到他想要的答案而感到很不开心。
16. A. discovered B. wanted
C. simplified D. shared
解析： 参见上题解析。
17. A. think B. end C. agree D. move
解析： 根据上文的I felt bombarded可知，儿子轰炸式的提问，
让“我”无从思考，“我”差点儿提高声音让他停止提问。
18. A. compete B. focus C. adapt D. stop
解析： 参见上题解析。
19. A. natural B. thoughtful
C. complex D. general
解析： 根据上文和语境可知，“控制”这个字眼让“我”懂得
了要经过深思熟虑后再行动。
20. A. afraid B. worried
C. bored D. annoyed
解析： 根据上文的I was about to raise my voice and tell him
to 18 可知，“我”常常为自己过去的易怒情绪和仅存的第一
个想法而感到愧疚。
21. A. existence B. explanation
C. expectation D. difference
解析： 参见上题解析。
22. A. accident B. decision
C. mistake D. insight
解析： 根据下文的You can’t control your first thought以及they
are perfectly alright可知，“你无法控制你的第一个想法”的见解
让“我”意识到“我”有这些想法也是正常的。
23. A. clear B. normal C. unique D. basic
解析： 参见上题解析。
24. A. progression B. selection
C. barrier D. description
解析： 根据上文可知，“我”的第一个想法和第二个想法并不
冲突，从第一个想法到第二个想法是一个自然的过渡。“我”人
生中第一次接受了第一想法和第二想法共存的事实。
25. A. recall B. test C. avoid D. accept
解析： 参见上题解析。
26. A. doubt B. desire
C. demand D. suggestion
解析： 根据空后的to be a better father than I was yesterday可
知，“我”一直希望能够成为一个更好的父亲。
27. A. find B. notice C. control D. create
解析： 根据上文的...I took a deep breath and told myself，
“Control your second thought.”可知，当“我”学会控制“我”的
第二个想法时，“我”的儿子也能从“我”这儿获得更多。
28. A. owe B. devote C. limit D. repeat
解析： 根据语境可知，现在，“我”是一个更好的父亲了，因
为“我”每天都在对自己重复这个建议。
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
Alexis and Zoe were sitting at the kitchen table doing homework.They
were having a hard time concentrating on their assignment because the
radio station was playing music from their favourite band， the Shape
Shifters.
“I can’t believe the Shifters are going to be playing here and we can’t
go！” Alexis complained.“I know，” complained Zoe.“Tickets were
sold out in five minutes， and even if we could get some， they are so
expensive！”
“It’s totally unfair，” said Alexis.“They should give the tickets to
their biggest fans first！” “You mean us， right？” “Obviously，”
laughed Alexis.“Everyone knows we’re their number one fans.”
Zoe turned the radio up a little louder.Their favourite song was on，
and using a pencil and a banana as microphones， they sang loudly as if
they were at the concert.
As the song ended， the host started talking about the concert.“The
Shape Shifters are playing in town this weekend，” he announced
loudly.“And we’re giving away two tickets to Saturday’s sold out show，
right now！ We’re looking for the 10th caller who can correctly answer
this question： Who is the oldest member of the Shape Shifters？”
Alexis and Zoe looked at each other.They couldn’t believe how easy
the question was.“It’s Georgie！” said Alexis.“No， it’s Natasha，”
answered Zoe.
“What do you mean？” asked Alexis.“Everyone knows Georgie is
29. He’s much older than the rest of the band.” “Yeah， I know he’s the
oldest person， but the question was who the oldest member of the band
is.Natasha started the band when she was just 15.The others joined the
group after her，” explained Zoe.“But ...” Alexis wasn’t convinced.
As they listened， they heard the host taking calls from excited
fans.“Caller Number Three， you’re up！ What’s your answer？”
“Georgie，” said the nervous voice.“Wrong again，” boomed the
host.“Nobody seems to know the answer！ Next caller！”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
“You’re right！ CALL THE STATION NOW！” Alexis said.
“What are your names， ladies？” the host asked seriously.
参考范文：
“You’re right！ CALL THE STATION NOW！” Alexis said.Zoe
dialed the numbers as fast as her fingers could fly， and they stood
together， ears pressed to the phone.After what seemed like a century， a
familiar voice answered.“Hello， lucky caller number 10！ I hope you
have the right answer.” said the host.“Okay，” Zoe said
breathlessly.“We think people didn’t understand the question.You asked
which ‘member’， not ‘person’， was the oldest — and that means
who has been in the band the longest： that’s Natasha！” The girls
waited， unable to move.
The kitchen clocked ticked， stretching out each slow second.Were they
wrong？ Were they going to miss out on their only chance to see their
favourite band in the whole world？
“What are your names， ladies？” the host asked seriously.“I’m
Zoe， here with my best friend， Alexis！” “Well ...” host drawled，
making the girls tense up with anticipation.“Congratulations， Zoe and
Alexis！” he shouted.“You’ve won two tickets to the Shape Shifters’
concert！” The girls screamed， dropping the telephone in their
frenzy.They picked it hastily and could hear the announcer chuckling on
the other end.“You sound a little excited about it，” he said.“You must
be big fans of the band.” “The BIGGEST！” answered the girls，
hugging each other happily.
谢谢观看！Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.We love our technology but not at the e of our children’s health.
2.The t were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environments.
3.A s is an object which has been sent into space in order to collect information or to be part of a communication system.
4.A team from the UK were the first to successfully c an animal.
5.In terms of （学术的） performance， Tom is the top student in his class.
6.Please fill in the form with your name， （性别）， age， nationality and education level.
7.New technology has enabled readers to read books in an online （虚拟的） library.
8.My （最初的） reaction was that I was surprised that the numbers were so high.
9.They enjoyed a high income and comfortable lifestyle that many people would （羡慕）.
10.The （障碍） to your success is to worry too much about the mistakes.
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.Don’t be so （envy） of your fellow worker’s success.If you devote yourself to your work， you can succeed， too.
2.To our surprise，their （engage） was not announced in the local newspaper， but on the Internet.
3.Without （globe） participation， no solution is likely to work.
4.Her most （annoy） habit was talking with her mouth full.
5.Actually， this species has a wide （distribute） in our country.
6.The music of the time mirrored the feeling of （optimistic） in the country.
7.We can offer you some （practice） suggestions on how to have a balanced diet.
8.It’s difficult to make an accurate （predict） about the effects on the environment.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1.他以健康为代价换来了成功。（at the expense of）
He achieved success .
2.我们所需要的是更多的实践。（what引导名词性从句）
is more practice.
3.用不了多久花园的杂草就会被清除掉。（before ...）
It the weeds are removed from the garden.
4.他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他不够努力。（that引导表语从句）
The reason why he was not admitted into a key university was .
5.每天有这么多人用英语交流，英语将变得越来越重要。（with复合结构）
every day，English will become more and more important.
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The basic definition of VR lies in the name itself， 1. means “reality that is not real”. When you wear a VR headset 2. （equip） with sensors and a screen， you are surrounded by three-D images， sounds and other 3. （sense） information. Though you know the sensory information 4. （surround） you is not real， part of your brain believes it is—and acts accordingly. Academic VR 5. （able） students to interact with others in a three-D environment. Surgeons are already using 6. （robot） technology with VR to perform complex surgery. The entertainment industry is one of 7. most enthusiastic advocates of VR. Also， people who want to go on holiday will have the opportunity to take a virtual tour 8. several destinations before deciding where 9. （go）. Young people are well equipped to become part of a technological generation 10. will develop and use VR to do things.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
NAO，the first robot able to show feelings，has been created by a European research team.When NAO is sad，he lowers his head and looks down.When he’s happy，he raises his arms for a hug.Nothing is out of the ordinary， except that NAO is a robot.
“We’re modelling the first year of life，” says Lola Canamero， a computer scientist at the University of Hertfordshire.“The feelings are shown through physical gestures and body movements rather than facial or verbal expressions.”
“In the future，” says the scientist， “robots are likely to act as companions， provide support for old people，and help people shop online.” In these situations，the display of emotions，will be important in making the interaction more natural and comfortable.
NAO has been programmed to copy the emotional skills of a one-year-old child.It can memorize faces，and knows the basic rules of good and bad.Based on these it can decide how to react to what is going on.The actions going with each feeling are pre-programmed， but NAO decides for itself when to display them.
NAO is also programmed to have different personalities.A more independent robot is less likely to call for help when exploring a room，while a more fearful robot will show distress if it finds something in the room that may be harmful.
Canamero’s team will take its emotional programming forward into medical applications.Part of the project will look at ways to use robots in hospitals to support the roles of doctors，nurses and parents.Children might find that a small，friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional states makes them less anxious.“We want to explore different roles — the robots will help the children to understand their treatment and explain what they have to do.We want to help the children to control their anxiety，” she says.
1.According to the text， what do we know about NAO？
A.It displays different feelings in different situations.
B.It is able to imitate adults’ emotional displays.
C.It can remember people’s feelings.
D.It learns emotions from facial expressions.
2.What can we learn from the text？
A.Scientists worked on facial and spoken expressions to create NAO’s emotions.
B.The time when NAO displays feelings has been pre-programmed.
C.Emotional programming is used in medicine production.
D.Robots with emotional skills can help children feel more comfortable.
3.What does the underlined word“distress” in Paragraph 5 probably mean？
A.Courage. B.Anxiety.
C.Anger. D.Satisfaction.
4.What is the text mainly about？
A.The relationship between humans and robots.
B.The roles that robots play in different fields.
C.The first robot able to show feelings.
D.The long history of robots.
B
In many communities， people have never even heard of clefts （腭裂）， yet it’s one of the most common birth differences.In fact，one in every 700 babies worldwide is born with a cleft.That’s why the world’s largest consumer health company， GSK Consumer Healthcare， and their partner Smile Train， the world’s largest cleft charity， are helping thousands of children around the world living with it！
GSK Consumer Healthcare has a passion for researching and developing science-led solutions that benefit everyone.They believe that everyone should receive oral （口腔的） health care， but they know not everyone has equal access to it.Their goal is to change that fact.
Through their partnership， GSK Consumer Healthcare has so far helped Smile Train educate 8，813 healthcare professionals to continue their model of cleft care.They’ve also enabled 13，537 life-changing surgeries and supported 38，000 families worldwide.And they’re not finished yet！
Félix from Argentina is one child who has received cleft care thanks to GSK Consumer Healthcare and Smile Train’s partnership.After being born with a cleft， Félix was fortunate to be sent straight to a Smile Train partner hospital to meet with a team of specialists.Félix was fitted with a specialized prosthesis （假体） to get a head start on closing his cleft before surgery.His family was also advised on feeding techniques to help Félix grow strong enough for surgery.
His mother Noelia was amazed to discover that all of the specialized care Félix would need at every stage of his cleft journey would be provided 100 per cent free！Most importantly， this care has enabled her to dream of a bright， happy future for her son.
Félix is just one of many children whose lives were completely changed thanks to GSK Consumer Healthcare and Smile Train.GSK Consumer Healthcare will continue to provide Smile Train with valuable funding， support， and expert knowledge to help more children with clefts live their best lives.
5.What do the underlined words “that fact” in Paragraph 2 refer to？
A.That there is a lack of awareness about clefts.
B.That there is unequal access to oral health care.
C.That there are high risks of babies having clefts.
D.That there are ineffective solutions to oral diseases.
6.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about concerning GSK Consumer Healthcare and Smile Train？
A.The positive results of their partnership.
B.The full recognition of their partnership.
C.The details of their partnership.
D.The future of their partnership.
7.What surprised Félix’s mother very much？
A.Félix had to use a prosthesis.
B.Félix was fed in special ways.
C.Félix would have surgery soon.
D.Félix could receive free treatment.
8.What is the main purpose of the text？
A.To praise Félix’s brave battle against a cleft.
B.To remind people of the danger of having a cleft.
C.To encourage people to form a correct view of clefts.
D.To spread two organizations’ impact on cleft treatment.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Prepare for a Wildfire
Before you can effectively prepare， it’s very important to understand how wildfires operate.Many think wildfires destroy homes because a wall of flames moves across the landscape. 9 .Now that you know what a wildfire is， here’s how you can protect your home and your family.
10
The Red Cross Emergency app will send you emergency warnings that are key to your location， while the Federal Emergency Management Agency app provides a list of local shelters accepting people.You shouldn’t rely on emergency warning broadcast systems because by the time the warning gets to your TV or radio， it may already be too late.
Keep the area surrounding your home free of fire hazards （隐患）
Fire hazards in your home aren’t the only things you need to worry about. 11 .Wood fences will also catch fire when pieces and ash are blown against them.That’s why you should remove and replace all sections of a fence with stone of metal.
Put money in building fireproof vents （通风口）
12 ， including the passageway， attic and roof， with a fireproof vent like a Vulcan vent.Screen them with at least 1/8-inch wire netting.Enclosed eaves （屋檐） protect rafters from wind-blown ash getting into the attic space and prevent any heat from getting trapped in the eaves and lighting the roof.
Collect dead leaves and properly deal with them
Dry， dead leaves， as well as pine needles and dry grass， are extremely flammable.But when throwing away leaves， do not store them near the house of by a woodpile — even if they are already bagged.It’s important to get rid of these fire hazards quickly. 13 .
A.Download emergency apps
B.Do not store them close to the house
C.It’s important to replace or cover all vents
D.Build defensible spaces and harden your home
E.Make sure they are far enough from your home
F.Clear the area immediately around your home of hazards
G.Actually， it’s things around our homes that destroy most of them
9. 10. 11.
12. 13.
Ⅲ.完形填空
“You can’t control your first thought， but you can control your second thought，” the speaker said as she delivered her presentation.I didn’t give her advice a second thought until I was getting 14 about all my son’s questions on our drive home， and my answers were getting shorter with every “Why？”
My son， an autistic （患自闭症的） child， always asks many of the same questions.He was getting 15 with me for not giving him the answers he 16 ， and I was getting upset with him because I felt bombarded （轰炸） and couldn’t 17 .I was about to raise my voice and tell him to 18 ， but I took a deep breath and told myself，“Control your second thought.” There is something powerful about it.The word “control”leads me to more 19 reactions now.
I used to feel guilt and shame for getting 20 too quickly and for the 21 of only my first thought.This 22 — You can’t control your first thought — helped me realize that my thoughts are 23 ， and they are perfectly alright.Taken together， both parts of this advice told me that my first and second thoughts are not in conflict； they are a natural 24 .For the first time in my life， I was able to 25 the co-existence of my first and second thoughts.It was an important lesson for me in my constant 26 to be a better father than I was yesterday.
When I 27 my second thought， my son gets more of me.Now I am a better father because I 28 this one piece of advice to myself every day.
14.A.serious B.particular
C.impatient D.unsure
15.A.strict B.friendly
C.familiar D.upset
16.A.discovered B.wanted
C.simplified D.shared
17.A.think B.end
C.agree D.move
18.A.compete B.focus
C.adapt D.stop
19.A.natural B.thoughtful
C.complex D.general
20.A.afraid B.worried
C.bored D.annoyed
21.A.existence B.explanation
C.expectation D.difference
22.A.accident B.decision
C.mistake D.insight
23.A.clear B.normal
C.unique D.basic
24.A.progression B.selection
C.barrier D.description
25.A.recall B.test
C.avoid D.accept
26.A.doubt B.desire
C.demand D.suggestion
27.A.find B.notice
C.control D.create
28.A.owe B.devote
C.limit D.repeat
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Alexis and Zoe were sitting at the kitchen table doing homework.They were having a hard time concentrating on their assignment because the radio station was playing music from their favourite band， the Shape Shifters.
“I can’t believe the Shifters are going to be playing here and we can’t go！” Alexis complained.“I know，” complained Zoe.“Tickets were sold out in five minutes， and even if we could get some， they are so expensive！”
“It’s totally unfair，” said Alexis.“They should give the tickets to their biggest fans first！” “You mean us， right？” “Obviously，” laughed Alexis.“Everyone knows we’re their number one fans.”
Zoe turned the radio up a little louder.Their favourite song was on， and using a pencil and a banana as microphones， they sang loudly as if they were at the concert.
As the song ended， the host started talking about the concert.“The Shape Shifters are playing in town this weekend，” he announced loudly.“And we’re giving away two tickets to Saturday’s sold out show， right now！ We’re looking for the 10th caller who can correctly answer this question： Who is the oldest member of the Shape Shifters？”
Alexis and Zoe looked at each other.They couldn’t believe how easy the question was.“It’s Georgie！” said Alexis.“No， it’s Natasha，” answered Zoe.
“What do you mean？” asked Alexis.“Everyone knows Georgie is 29. He’s much older than the rest of the band.” “Yeah， I know he’s the oldest person， but the question was who the oldest member of the band is.Natasha started the band when she was just 15.The others joined the group after her，” explained Zoe.“But ...” Alexis wasn’t convinced.
As they listened， they heard the host taking calls from excited fans.“Caller Number Three， you’re up！ What’s your answer？” “Georgie，” said the nervous voice.“Wrong again，” boomed the host.“Nobody seems to know the answer！ Next caller！”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
“You’re right！ CALL THE STATION NOW！” Alexis said.
“What are your names， ladies？” the host asked seriously.
Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
基础知识自测
维度一
1.expense 2.twins 3.satellite 4.clone 5.academic
6.gender 7.virtual 8.initial 9.envy 10.barrier
维度二
1.envious 2.engagement 3.global 4.annoying
5.distribution 6.optimism 7.practical 8.prediction
维度三
1.at the expense of his health
2.What we need
3.won’t be long before
4.that he didn’t work hard enough
5.With so many people communicating in English
维度四
1.which 2.equipped 3.sensory 4.surrounding
5.enables 6.robotic 7.the 8.of 9.to go 10.that
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由欧洲研究团队发明的第一个能够通过动作表达感情的机器人NAO，该团队希望能将它的情感程序应用到医学领域。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的When NAO is sad，he lowers his head and looks down.When he’s happy，he raises his arms for a hug.可知，当NAO伤心时，它会低下头；当它开心时，它会伸出手臂要求拥抱，这说明NAO能在不同情况下表达不同的情绪。
2.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Children might find that a small， friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional states makes them less anxious.可知，如果孩子们有一个小小的、友好的又能够理解他们情感状态的机器人陪着的话，他们可能就不会那么焦虑了，也就是说具有情感技能的机器人可以帮助孩子们感觉更舒服。
3.B 词义猜测题。前面提到一个更独立的机器人在探索房间时很少寻求帮助，是独立完成任务的。句中的while表示对比，由此可以判断，后面是说一个胆怯的机器人如果在房间里发现可能有害的东西时会表现出“焦虑”（的情绪）。
4.C 主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一个由欧洲研究团队发明的第一个能够表达感情的机器人NAO。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。GSK Consumer Healthcare与Smile Train联手为患有腭裂的儿童提供治疗和护理。
5.B 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的They believe that everyone should receive oral （口腔的） health care， but they know not everyone has equal access to it.可知，GSK Consumer Healthcare相信每个人都应该接受口腔保健，但他们知道并不是每个人都有平等的机会接受口腔保健。由此可知，他们的目标就是改变“（人们）获得口腔保健的机会不平等”这一现状。
6.A 段落大意题。第三段用具体数据介绍了GSK Consumer Healthcare与Smile Train合作后为后者提供的支持，以及二者合作进行过的手术和帮助过的家庭。由此可知，本段主要介绍了二者合作后所取得的积极成果。
7.D 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，令Félix的母亲惊讶的是，Félix所需的所有专业护理都是免费的。
8.D 写作目的题。通读全文可知，本文主要以Félix为例介绍了GSK Consumer Healthcare与Smile Train联手为患有腭裂的儿童提供改变他们一生的治疗和护理，即广泛传播这两个组织对腭裂治疗的巨大影响。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了预防野火烧毁自己的房屋的几个准备措施。
9.G 根据空前一句可知，此处语义应发生转折，说明实际破坏房屋的东西。G项（实际上，是房屋周围的东西摧毁了它们中的大部分）承接上文，说明与普遍认知不同的实际原因。G项中的Actually和上文中的Many think相呼应，homes和destroy均是原词复现。
10.A 根据本段的关键词组The Red Cross Emergency app、emergency warnings以及the Federal Emergency Management Agency app可知，本段主要说明了各项手机应用程序能够给人们发送紧急预警信息。A项（下载紧急情况应用程序）符合语境。
11.F 根据本段小标题可知，本段主要说明了要清除家附近的火灾隐患，F项（立即清除你家周围的隐患）符合语境，且F项中的area、 around your home和hazards与小标题相呼应。
12.C 根据设空处下文可知，此处列举通道、阁楼和屋顶的防火通风口，说明需要对这几处的通风口进行改造，C项（替换或覆盖所有的通风口很重要）符合语境。
13.E 根据上文可知，枯叶、松针和干草等易燃的火灾隐患应立刻被消除，E项（确保它们离你的家足够远）符合语境，E项中的they指代上文中的these fire hazards， 且far enough from your home与上文中的do not store them near the house 相呼应。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。我们无法控制我们的念头，但却可以控制我们的行为。
14.C 根据下文的my answers were getting shorter with every “Why？”和I felt bombarded可知，在我们开车回家的路上，“我”对儿子的问题感到不耐烦，“我”的回答也变得越来越简短。
15.D 根据上文的my answers were getting shorter with every “Why？”和空后的for not giving him the answers可知，“我”的儿子因为没有得到他想要的答案而感到很不开心。
16.B 参见上题解析。
17.A 根据上文的I felt bombarded可知，儿子轰炸式的提问，让“我”无从思考，“我”差点儿提高声音让他停止提问。
18.D 参见上题解析。
19.B 根据上文和语境可知，“控制”这个字眼让“我”懂得了要经过深思熟虑后再行动。
20.D 根据上文的I was about to raise my voice and tell him to 18 可知，“我”常常为自己过去的易怒情绪和仅存的第一个想法而感到愧疚。
21.A 参见上题解析。
22.D 根据下文的You can’t control your first thought以及they are perfectly alright可知，“你无法控制你的第一个想法”的见解让“我”意识到“我”有这些想法也是正常的。
23.B 参见上题解析。
24.A 根据上文可知，“我”的第一个想法和第二个想法并不冲突，从第一个想法到第二个想法是一个自然的过渡。“我”人生中第一次接受了第一想法和第二想法共存的事实。
25.D 参见上题解析。
26.B 根据空后的to be a better father than I was yesterday可知，“我”一直希望能够成为一个更好的父亲。
27.C 根据上文的...I took a deep breath and told myself， “Control your second thought.”可知，当“我”学会控制“我”的第二个想法时，“我”的儿子也能从“我”这儿获得更多。
28.D 根据语境可知，现在，“我”是一个更好的父亲了，因为“我”每天都在对自己重复这个建议。
Ⅳ.
参考范文：
“You’re right！ CALL THE STATION NOW！” Alexis said.Zoe dialed the numbers as fast as her fingers could fly， and they stood together， ears pressed to the phone.After what seemed like a century， a familiar voice answered.“Hello， lucky caller number 10！ I hope you have the right answer.” said the host.“Okay，” Zoe said breathlessly.“We think people didn’t understand the question.You asked which ‘member’， not ‘person’， was the oldest — and that means who has been in the band the longest： that’s Natasha！” The girls waited， unable to move.The kitchen clocked ticked， stretching out each slow second.Were they wrong？ Were they going to miss out on their only chance to see their favourite band in the whole world？
“What are your names， ladies？” the host asked seriously.“I’m Zoe， here with my best friend， Alexis！” “Well ...” host drawled， making the girls tense up with anticipation.“Congratulations， Zoe and Alexis！” he shouted.“You’ve won two tickets to the Shape Shifters’ concert！” The girls screamed， dropping the telephone in their frenzy.They picked it hastily and could hear the announcer chuckling on the other end.“You sound a little excited about it，” he said.“You must be big fans of the band.” “The BIGGEST！” answered the girls， hugging each other happily.
7 / 7Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
Virtual① reality
SUSAN： Frank， you’ve been working at the forefront of② developments in virtual reality for many years. [1]Can you tell us what virtual reality is and how it works？
FRANK：Of course.The basic definition③of VR lies in④ the name itself， which means “reality that is not real”.[2]When you wear a VR headset⑤ equipped with⑥ sensors⑦ and a screen， you are surrounded by three-D images， sounds and other sensory information， which creates a super-realistic effect called “presence”⑧.[3]Though you know the sensory information surrounding you is not real， part of your brain believes it is—and acts accordingly.
[1]句中what和how引导并列的宾语从句，作tell的直接宾语。
[2]When引导时间状语从句；动词-ed短语equipped with sensors and a screen作后置定语，修饰a VR headset；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整句话。
[3]Though引导让步状语从句，动词-ing短语surrounding you作后置定语，修饰名词information。
SUSAN：Thanks， Frank. Can you give some examples of the practical⑨ applications VR has？
FRANK：I’d love to. There are a host of⑩ educational applications. Academic VR enables students to interact with others in a three-D environment. There are endless possibilities for the subject matter that can be created in a VR system. Imagine studying the solar system or the human body in a fully immersive environment. By delivering the content in a meaningful way， this new approach to learning manages to engage students’ interest and enhance learning efficiency . [4]The applications can be expanded to make it easier to visualize data such as engineering projects and a variety of other design developments.It’s pretty exciting！
SUSAN：This sounds like it has a lot of constructive applications. What about its uses for highly developed technical industries such as medicine？
FRANK：Surgeons are already using robotic technology with VR to perform complex surgery. [5]What if I told you that doctors could create a virtual “twin ” in order to practise delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient？ This technology can be applied to train new surgeons； it also enables experts to test new techniques safely before trying them on human subjects. Treatments of anxiety and drug addiction are other valuable and cost-effective applications of VR.
[4]句中含有“make＋it＋adj.＋to do sth”结构，it作形式宾语，动词不定式短语to visualize data ...作真正的宾语；动词不定式短语to make it ...作目的状语。
[5]本句为“What if ...？”句型， 意为“如果……会怎么样？”，其完整形式是What would happen if ...？； 从句中含有一个that引导的宾语从句；in order to practise ...在句中作目的状语。
【读文清障】
①virtual adj.虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的
virtual reality虚拟现实
②at the forefront of处于最前列，进入重要地位
③definition n.定义；释义，解释
④lie in在于……
⑤headset n.耳机
⑥be equipped with装备着……
⑦sensor n.传感器，敏感元件
⑧create a super-realistic effect called “presence”营造出一种名为“临场感”的超现实效果
⑨practical adj.实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的
the practical applications
实际应用
⑩a host of许多，大量
academic adj.教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的
immersive adj.（计算机系统或图像）沉浸式虚拟现实的
engage vt.& vi.吸引住（注意力、兴趣）；雇用，聘用；与……建立密切关系
enhance vt.提高；增强；增进
learning efficiency
学习效率
twin n.双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一 adj.双胞胎之一的；成对的，成双的
SUSAN：That is amazing！ It sounds like VR will be a life-changing technology as well as a life-saving one. How will it affect the different aspects of our everyday lives， such as entertainment， shopping and travelling？
FRANK：The entertainment industry is one of the most enthusiastic advocates of VR. Current game systems come with headsets so that players can enter virtual environments and play against either real or virtual opponents. [6]It won’t be long before virtual museums and interactive three-D exhibitions become common.When shopping online， you can look forward to being able to have your own virtual reality clone try on clothes and to see products with 360-degree views. Also， people who want to go on holiday will have the opportunity to take a virtual tour of several destinations before deciding where to go. In both of these cases， this technology will help people make more informed choices.
SUSAN： I can’t wait！ However， as with any technology， there must be some barriers to the development of VR， I guess？
FRANK：It really boils down to three things — time， cost and technical limitations. We will need time to develop and fine-tune the hardware and software. The initial cost will discourage most people in the beginning but that should be fixed over time. The last issue is our own technical limitations. [7]Just trying to figure out how to do what we want in terms of technology will prove challenging in some areas.
SUSAN：[8]Considering there are so many challenges to deal with， are you still optimistic about the future of VR？
[6]句中before引导时间状语从句。It won’t be long before ...意为“要不了多久就……”。
[7]动词-ing短语trying to figure out how ... technology作主语；“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构how to do ... technology作figure out的宾语；what引导宾语从句，作do的宾语。
[8]Considering引导原因状语从句，意为“考虑到；鉴于”。
FRANK： Sure. When talking about VR， we should keep in mind its quick rate of evolution. The possibilities seem endless. [9]For example， 5G technology， with its potential to serve up more stable mobile connectivity at faster speed， will make it possible for people to enjoy a more immersive VR experience wherever they are. Indeed we are only limited by our imagination. [10]What excites me the most is that young people today are digital citizens who are comfortable with technology. [11]They’re well equipped to become part of a technological generation that will develop and use VR to do things we might think impossible today.
SUSAN： Thank you， Frank. It all sounds wonderful.
[9]with复合结构with its potential to serve ... speed作状语；make it possible ... 中it作形式宾语，动词不定式短语to enjoy a more immersive VR experience wherever they are作真正的宾语；wherever引导让步状语从句。
[10]句中What引导主语从句；that引导表语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词digital citizens。
[11]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a technological generation；后面的定语从句we might think impossible today修饰先行词things，从句中省略了关系代词that或which。
advocate n.拥护者；支持者；提倡者
vt.拥护；支持；提倡
look forward to
期待，期望
clone n.好像一模一样的人；复制品；克隆动物（或植物） vt.克隆，以无性繁殖技术复制
try on试穿；试戴
go on holiday
度假；去度假
informed adj.
明智的；有见识的；有学问的；可靠的
as with如同，和……一样
barrier n.障碍，阻力；屏障，障碍物；分界线，隔阂
boil down to归结为，基本问题是
fine-tune vt.对……微调
initial adj.最初的，开始的 n.首字母
figure out理解，弄清；想出；计算出
in terms of在……方面；从……角度看；根据……来说
optimistic adj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的
pessimistic adj.悲观的
keep in mind牢记；放在心上
serve up 给出，提供；端上（食物）
【参考译文】
虚拟现实
苏 珊：弗兰克，你已经在虚拟现实技术开发的最前沿工作了很多年。你能告诉我们虚拟现实是什么，以及它的工作原理吗？
弗兰克：当然可以。我们从虚拟现实的名字就能看出它的基本定义，意思就是“非真实的现实”。当你戴上配有传感器和屏幕的虚拟现实头戴设备时，你将被三维影像、声音和其他感官信息环绕包围，这些会营造出一种名为“临场感”的超现实效果。尽管你知道身边的感官信息是虚拟的，你大脑中的某些区域还是会相信它是真的——并且会作出相应的反馈。
苏 珊：谢谢，弗兰克。你能为我们举几个虚拟现实应用的实例吗？
弗兰克：当然乐意。（虚拟现实）有大量教育方面的应用。教学虚拟现实使学生能够在一个三维环境中与其他人互动。能在虚拟现实系统中创作的题材具有无限的可能性。你可以想象在一个完全沉浸式的环境中学习太阳系或者人体构造。通过用一种富有意义的方式来呈现内容，这种新的学习方式能够吸引学生的兴趣，提高学习效率。这些应用还能进一步扩展，使得工程项目和其他各类设计开发项目的数据更容易得到可视化的呈现。这真的很令人激动！
苏 珊：听起来虚拟现实有着许多具有建设性的应用。那么，它在医药等高新技术产业的应用如何呢？
弗兰克：外科医生已经在借助虚拟现实和机器人技术完成复杂的外科手术。如果我告诉你，医生可以先造出一个虚拟的“孪生病人”练习精密的手术，然后再在病人身上进行实际操作呢？这项技术可以用来训练新晋外科医生，也可以帮助专家在对人体进行实验之前安全地测试新技术。焦虑和药物成瘾的治疗则是另外一些具有价值且成本低廉的虚拟现实应用。
苏 珊：这太惊人了！听起来虚拟现实会是一种既能挽救生命又能改变生活的技术。对于娱乐、购物和旅行等日常生活的不同方面，它会带来怎样的影响呢？
弗兰克：娱乐产业是最热切追捧虚拟现实的行业之一。目前的游戏系统配有头戴设备，能够让玩家进入虚拟环境，与真实或虚拟的敌人竞赛。用不了多久，虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变得司空见惯。网上购物时，你可以期待拥有自己的虚拟现实克隆人替你试穿衣服、360°全方位查看商品。此外，想要出门度假的人们将有机会以虚拟的方式游览一些目的地，然后再决定去哪儿。在这两种场景下，虚拟现实技术都将帮助人们作出更明智的选择。
苏 珊：我都等不及了！但是任何技术都有瓶颈，虚拟现实的发展想必也是如此吧？
弗兰克：实际上就归结为三件事：时间、成本和技术局限。我们需要时间来开发并调试硬件和软件。早期成本在一开始会吓退大多数人，但这个问题应该会慢慢解决。最后的问题在于我们自身的技术局限。在某些领域，光是试图弄清楚如何从技术角度实现我们的想法就将是挑战重重的。
苏 珊：考虑到需要应对这么多挑战，你对虚拟现实的未来还抱有乐观心态吗？
弗兰克：当然。当我们谈论虚拟现实的时候，需要牢记它的进展之快。虚拟现实似乎有着无限可能。比方说，5G 技术能够以更快的速度提供更稳定的移动网络连接，它将使人们在任何地方都能享受到更为沉浸式的虚拟现实体验。我们的确只是受限于我们的想象力罢了。最令我感到激动的是，如今的年轻人都是数字公民，对技术都已习以为常。他们具备良好的条件成为技术一代的一员。他们在未来将会发展并使用虚拟现实所做的事情，在今天的我们看来可能是难以想象的。
苏 珊：谢谢你，弗兰克。这一切听起来都很美好。
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What is the key factor that can make virtual reality work？
A.People can just wear a common headset.
B.People know the sensory information is not real.
C.People wear a VR headset equipped with sensors and a screen.
D.People can be surrounded by three-D images，sounds and other sensory information.
2.Which of the followings are the application of VR in medicine？
①train new surgeons
②test new techniques safely
③treat anxiety and drug addiction
④help doctors work at home
A.②③④ B.①②③
C.①②④ D.①③④
3.What are the barriers to the development of VR？
A.Time， cost and technical limitations.
B.The development of the hardware.
C.The development of the software.
D.The development of technology.
4.What conclusion can we reach regarding the future of VR？
A.It will be a rather long time before VR comes into our daily lives.
B.There are some disadvantages that will stop the development of VR.
C.5G technology lays foundation for an immersive VR experience.
D.Young people are not willing to become part of technological generation.
5.What’s the editor’s purpose of having this interview？
A.To illustrate how VR works.
B.To criticize the bad consequences of VR.
C.To know more information of VR from an expert.
D.To have a debate with the expert about VR technology.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
“动词＋-ance→名词”集锦
①annoy使恼怒；使生气→annoyance恼怒；生气；烦恼
②perform履行；执行→performance表演；演出
③assist帮助；协助；援助→assistance帮助；援助；支持
④guide指引→guidance指导；引导；咨询
⑤appear看来；好像→appearance外貌；外观；外表
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
下定义法：下定义（definition）就是解释某事物是什么，不是什么。运用这一方法进行写作时，通常是先给出某事物的定义，然后对其内涵和外延作简要说明。请从课文中找出一个句子，朗读并翻译成汉语。
原句：
翻译：
第四步：析难句，清阅读障碍
1.When you wear a VR headset equipped with sensors and a screen， you are surrounded by three-D images， sounds and other sensory information， which creates a super-realistic effect called “presence”.
句式分析
尝试翻译
2.When shopping online， you can look forward to being able to have your own virtual reality clone try on clothes and to see products with 360-degree views.
句式分析
尝试翻译
3.What excites me the most is that young people today are digital citizens who are comfortable with technology.
句式分析
尝试翻译
第五步：拓视野，育思维品质
1.How does the expert introduce the examples of different applications of VR？（Logical Thinking 逻辑性思维）
2.What future development do you think VR will have？（Creative Thinking 创造性思维）
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
engage vt.& vi.吸引住（注意力、兴趣）；雇用，聘用；与……建立密切关系
【教材原句】 By delivering the content in a meaningful way， this new approach to learning manages to engage students’ interest and enhance learning efficiency.
通过用一种富有意义的方式来呈现内容，这种新的学习方式能够吸引学生的兴趣，提高学习效率。
【用法】
（1）engage in 参与，（使）从事
engage sb as ... 聘请某人为……
engage sb to do sth聘请某人做某事
engage sb’s interest/attention 吸引某人的兴趣/注意力
（2）engaged adj.忙于……的；已订婚的；占线的
be engaged to sb 与某人订婚
be engaged in/on ... 忙于……
（3）engagement n. 约会；订婚；雇用；参加；参与
engaging adj. 有趣的；令人愉快的；迷人的
【佳句】 Without your guidance and encouragement， we couldn’t have made so great progress， so we decide to engage you as our guide.
没有您的指导和鼓励，我们不可能取得如此大的进步，所以我们决定聘请您作我们的指导者。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Jia Yi was very knowledgeable， and he （engage） as the teacher of the emperor.
②The students are totally engaged academic life， using the college’s chances and resources.
③No one knows why they broke up after their （engage）.
【写美】 完成句子
④Some students the elderly do the housework.
一些学生忙着帮老年人做家务。
⑤We should international communication so as to tell the stories of China well.
我们应该提高参与国际交流的能力，以便讲好中国故事。
boil down to归结为，基本问题是
【教材原句】 It really boils down to three things — time， cost and technical limitations.
实际上就归结为三件事：时间、成本和技术局限。
【用法】
（1）boil （sth） down 使煮浓/熬浓
boil sth down （to sth） 概括；归纳；压缩
（2）come down to 可归结为；可归纳为
get down to 开始认真考虑；着手处理
look down upon/on 看不起
down to the ground 彻底地
down to earth 务实的；切合实际的
【佳句】 The whole issue will probably boil down to parental responsibility.
整个事件也许会归结为父母的责任问题。
【用准】 boil down to不能用于进行时，其中to是介词。
【练透】 选用上面短语填空
①Glona is probably the most person I’ve met in the past few years.
②She her work right after her holiday.
③All work is of equal value， so we can’t those manual workers.
【写美】 完成句子
④What they want just one thing： It is love.
他们想要的归根结底只有一样东西：那就是爱。
optimistic adj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的
【教材原句】 Considering there are so many challenges to deal with， are you still optimistic about the future of VR？考虑到需要应对这么多挑战，你对虚拟现实的未来还抱有乐观心态吗？
【用法】
（1）be optimistic about ... 对……乐观
have an optimistic attitude towards ...对……持乐观的态度
（2）optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义
optimist n. 乐观的人；乐天派
【佳句】 The real happiness is optimistic about life， happy to work， and enthusiastic about the cause.
真正的幸福是对生活乐观，对工作快乐，对事业热情。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①To be honest，we may now look forward with （optimistic）.
②Chinese tourist representatives were optimistic the future of Chinese tourism.
③An （optimistic） is a person who always expects good things to happen or things to be successful.
【写美】 翻译句子
④随着年龄的增长，我变得越来越乐观。
annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰
【教材原句】 Does it annoy you to see cars blocking the road like weeds when you are travelling？
旅游时，你看到大量的汽车堵塞公路是否会感到烦躁？
【用法】
（1）annoyed adj. 感到恼怒的，感到烦恼的
be annoyed at/about sth因……而烦恼，对某事感到恼怒
be annoyed with sb 生某人的气，被某人惹恼
be annoyed to do .../that ... 使人恼怒的是……
（2）annoyance n. 恼怒，生气；使人烦恼的事
to one’s annoyance 使某人生气的是
【佳句】 His constant joking was beginning to annoy her.
他不停地开玩笑，已开始惹她生气了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We （annoy） to find that the plane had been delayed.
②He was beginning to get very annoyed me about my carelessness.
③Much to our （annoy）， they decided not to come after all.
④People get （annoy） when things don’t go according to plan.
【写美】 完成句子
⑤ was that the loud noise outside disturbed my mind.
使我恼火的是外面的嘈杂声使我心烦意乱。
expense n.费用；开销；开支
【教材原句】 All this technology does not come at the expense of fashion.
整个这项技术没有影响产品的时尚性。
【用法】
（1）at great expense 以巨大的代价
at the expense of 在牺牲（或损害）……
的情况下
at sb’s expense 由某人付钱，由某人负担费用
living expenses 生活费用
（2）expensive adj. 昂贵的；价格高的
expensively adv. 昂贵地
【佳句】 We shouldn’t make money at the expense of our health.
我们不应该以牺牲健康为代价来赚钱。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He earned his fortune the expense of his health.
②When father lost his job， our living （expense） had to be cut to the bone.
【写美】 完成句子
③If there should be something wrong with it while it is still under guarantee， we would .
在保修期内万一有什么毛病，我们负责修理，修理费用我们负担。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：What if ...？
【教材原句】 What if I told you that doctors could create a virtual “twin” in order to practise delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient？
如果我告诉你，医生可以先造出一个虚拟的“孪生病人”练习精密的手术，然后再在病人身上进行实际操作呢？
【用法】
（1）What if ...？常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等，意为“倘使……将会怎样？/如果……将会怎样？”，其后经常跟一般现在时，有时根据语境也可以跟虚拟语气。
（2）常用句式拓展：
What for？ 为什么？
So what？ 那又怎么样？
What’s up？ 怎么啦？发生什么事了？
How come？ 怎么会这样呢？
【品悟】 What if it rained and then froze all through those months？
如果那几个月一直下雨然后又结冰该怎么办？
【写美】 完成句子
①—I’m afraid it’s too expensive.
— ？ We have plenty of money.
——恐怕太贵了。
——那又怎么样？我们有足够的钱。
②—Susan is absent from today’s writing class.
— ？ As far as I know， she has never missed a class.
——苏珊今天没来上写作课。
——怎么会这样呢？ 据我所知，她从没缺过一节课。
③ he doesn’t accompany you to Beijing？
要是他不陪你去北京怎么办呢？
句型公式：before引导时间状语从句
【教材原句】 It won’t be long before virtual museums and interactive three-D exhibitions become common.用不了多久，虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变得司空见惯。
【用法】
（1）It won’t be long before ... 用不了多久就会……（before从句用一般现在时）
（2）It will be＋一段时间＋before ... 要过多长时间才……（before从句用一般现在时）
（3）It wasn’t long before ... 没过多长时间就……（before从句用一般过去时）
（4）It was＋一段时间＋before ... 过了多长时间才……（before从句用一般过去时）
（5）before sb knew it 某人不知不觉就……
【品悟】 Do what you should do before you do what you want to do.
在你做想做的事情之前首先要去做应该做的事情。
【写美】 完成句子
①The young couple， who returned my lost wallet， left .
那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包，我还没来得及问他们的名字，他们就离开了。
② an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.
不知不觉一个小时就过去了，到了吃午饭的时间了。
③It we meet again.
五年后我们才能再见面。
句型公式：what引导名词性从句
【教材原句】 What excites me the most is that young people today are digital citizens who are comfortable with technology.
最令我感到激动的是，如今的年轻人都是数字公民，对技术都已习以为常。
【用法】
what用作连接代词，常用来引导名词性从句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：
（1）what在相应的名词性从句中有一定的意义，常表示“什么”“所……的”“……的样子”“……的事/话”等。
（2）what在相应的名词性从句中常作主语、宾语或表语。
【品悟】 What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.
曾经被认为不可能的事情现在变成了现实。
A new supermarket has been built in what was wasteland before.
一家新超市在以前是废墟的地方建起来了。
【写美】 完成句子
①I have no idea .
我不知道他们正在那个房间里谈论什么。
②Who is it that has made Tom ？
是谁造就了汤姆现在的样子？
③ is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.
令我惊讶的是，每个人似乎都对她漠不关心。
Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.reality that is not real 2.three-D images 3.presence
4.education 5.time
第二步
1～5 CBACC
第三步
2.原句：The basic definition of VR lies in the name itself， which means “reality that is not real”. When you wear a VR headset equipped with sensors and a screen， you are surrounded by three-D images， sounds and other sensory information， which creates a super-realistic effect called “presence”.Though you know the sensory information surrounding you is not real， part of your brain believes it is—and acts accordingly.
翻译：我们从虚拟现实的名字就能看出它的基本定义，意思就是“非真实的现实”。当你戴上配有传感器和屏幕的虚拟现实头戴设备时，你将被三维影像、声音和其他感官信息环绕包围，这些会营造出一种名为“临场感”的超现实效果。尽管你知道身边的感官信息是虚拟的，你大脑中的某些区域还是会相信它是真的——并且会作出相应的反馈。
第四步
1.当你戴上配有传感器和屏幕的虚拟现实头戴设备时，你将被三维影像、声音和其他感官信息环绕包围，这些会营造出一种名为“临场感”的超现实效果。
2.网上购物时，你可以期待拥有自己的虚拟现实克隆人替你试穿衣服、360°全方位查看商品。
3.最令我感到激动的是，如今的年轻人都是数字公民，对技术都已习以为常。
第五步
1.The expert introduces the examples in an orderly way. Linking words such as “also” are used to connect examples. He also uses topic sentences when introducing different aspects of the applications， such as the topic sentence “There are a host of educational applications.”
2.Fully immersive VR is on the cards for the future development of VR technology. There would be a revolutionary interface and a newer powerful computing platform. Programmers and developers would create a richly detailed virtual world with unlimited possibilities and scenarios. Then a powerful computer will be able to detect the user’s quick movements in real time and adjust the VR experience accordingly. The hardware would also be developed to keep up with the software，so head-mounted displays， sensory gloves， high-definition screens and stereo sound systems will all be linked to the computer system， thus fully immersing the user into the virtual world.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①was engaged ②in ③engagement ④were/are engaged in helping ⑤improve our ability to engage in
2.①down to earth ②got down to ③look down upon/on
④boils down to
3.①optimism ②about ③optimist
④As I grow older， I get more and more optimistic.
4.①were annoyed ②with ③annoyance ④annoyed
⑤What made me annoyed
5.①at ②expenses ③repair it at our expense
Part Ⅱ
1.①So what ②How come ③What if
2.①before I could ask for their names ②Before I knew it ③will be five years before
3.①what they are talking about in that room ②what he is now ③What surprised me
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