Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
维度一：基础题型练
1.What I want to do is （express） my thanks for you to offer me the job， which gives me a chance to develop myself.
2.What he hoped was （admit） into the university.
3.If we are （succeed）， we must rely on the masses.
4.Another way of setting realistic goals is （analyse） your short and long objectives.
5.According to the latest report， human beings are （blame） for the abnormal climate around the whole world.
6.The lecture is （hold） in Room 301 of the school library at three this Friday afternoon.
7.Tom seemed （learn） the good news.
8.All the passengers， according to the new regulation， are （inspect） before boarding the subway.
9.If you really want to learn driving， my advice is （go） to a driving school.
10.A good way to make you feel more relaxed is （do） deep breathing exercises for ten minutes.
维度二：语法与写作
1.我的愿望是三年后被一所理想的大学录取。
（one’s wish is to do）
2.这次活动的目的是加强学生保护环境的意识。
（The purpose ...is to do ...）
3.此次事故我应承担责任，因此，我写信向您道歉。
（be to blame）
4.一场汉语演讲比赛将于5月18日在市图书馆举行。
（be to do）
5.人的生命被认为是自然的一部分， 我们生存下来的唯一方法就是与自然和谐相处。
（be to do）
6.保护我们眼睛的一个好方法就是经常参加户外活动。
（be to do）
7.获奖作品将于6月16日在我们的校报上发表。
（be to do）
8.首届外语节将要举行，其目的是激发学生学习英语的兴趣。
（be to do）
维度三：语法与语篇
My aim in life is 1. （protect） the environment for future generations.My wish is 2. （become） an environmental consultant after graduation.Many people think that pollution cannot 3. （stop） if we want the country 4. （develop）.But that is not true.What I suggest is 5. （cut） back on dangerous and dirty waste from factories.Many times，factories which produce a large quantity of goods are 6. （blame） for much pollution in the environment.Besides， what people should pay attention to is 7. （purchase） products which can be recycled.
There is no doubt that we have a problem with population as well.The number of people in the world 8. （keep） growing， and we 9. （produce） more rubbish and using up more raw materials.What if they run out？ I am confident that if we are all willing 10. （work） together， we can overcome these challenges and keep the Earth clean and healthy.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·兰州高二下学期质检）The crowd at the Troubadour club didn’t pay much attention to the piano player quietly singing onstage. The twenty-three-year-old singer’s record company had worked hard to get many important people in the music business to come to the Los Angeles club and hear its new discovery.
But on this August night in 1970， most of the audience was much more famous than the man onstage. They talked to one another and looked to see who else would walk in the door. They weren’t very interested in this plain Englishman who wore glasses. Although he wore a “rock-and-roll” T-shirt and jeans， he looked more like a salesman than a rock star.
Elton John had thought it was a mistake to come to America. He had been struggling for years in England to get people to pay attention to him. He had written songs for other performers. He had played and sung in bands behind other singers. He had been waiting a long time for his big break. And now it seemed as if no one would ever notice him.
Suddenly， he had had enough. All the frustration from his years of being stuck in the background boiled over. He jumped up， kicked over his piano stool， and shouted，“If you won’t listen， perhaps you’ll bloody well listen to this.”
He started playing again， standing at the piano. But this time he pounded away at the keys. He sang loudly and confidently. It was the way he had pictured himself performing when he was a little boy in England， listening to American rock and roll on the radio.
And the audience paid attention. They heard blues， rock， and country music. Each song told its own fantastic story. Everyone knew they were hearing something special.
1.Why did the audience show no interest in the young singer？（ ）
A.He wasn’t famous.
B.He was from England.
C.He wasn’t well prepared.
D.He wasn’t a professional singer.
2.What can we learn about the young singer？（ ）
A.He had been popular in England.
B.He went on the stage for the first time.
C.He wasn’t appreciated by his record company.
D.He had worked hard before coming to America.
3.How did Elton John probably feel when he jumped up？（ ）
A.Excited and moved.
B.Impatient and angry.
C.Surprised and curious.
D.Regretful and disappointed.
4.How did Elton John’s performance turn out？（ ）
A.It lacked creativity.
B.It stopped halfway.
C.It was very successful.
D.It was quite disappointing.
B
（2024·青岛高二下学期月考）It was a hot spring day.The temperatures felt more like July than May.I parked my car and headed into the local store to buy my son a shirt.
After I made my purchase I walked back out into the heat.I got in my car but had to wait to pull out because of all the cars lined up at the red stop light.I looked out of my car window and saw something on the pavement.A single butterfly was crazily fluttering （抖动） its wings but not getting off the ground.It was right in front of a truck’s tire， too.Without thinking I got out of my car， held my hand up so the truck driver wouldn’t move forward， and bent down to look at the butterfly.One of its legs was stuck in what looked like spilt soda.I reached down and gently as I could cupped the butterfly in my hands.I lifted its leg up and suddenly it was free.I opened my hands and up it flew towards the shining sun.My own eyes shined brighter and my own heart felt lighter as I watched it.
Now a lot of people might wonder why I would step out into traffic like that to rescue a single butterfly.All I can say is that my heart was guiding me at that moment.And when I was done I felt more like my true self than I had all day.
The truth is the closer you are to the Earth， the closer you come to Heaven.The more love that you share on this Earth， the more love you take with you to Heaven.Fill your days with grace， goodness， and love， and your heart will feel as light as a butterfly.
5.Why did the author get out of his/her car in the second paragraph？（ ）
A.To save a butterfly.
B.To catch a butterfly.
C.To check his/her car.
D.To greet the truck driver.
6.When the butterfly flew away， the author felt .（ ）
A.a little moved
B.a little disappointed
C.a sense of joy
D.a sense of loss
7.What’s the main purpose of the last paragraph？（ ）
A.To give a supplement.
B.To offer a suggestion.
C.To introduce a new topic.
D.To make some comments.
8.What would be the best title for the passage？（ ）
A.Fill Your Life with Excitement
B.Move the World with Action
C.Value Every Moment of Your Life
D.Show Your Kindness to the World
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
If you think about modern art， Pablo Picasso is probably the first name that pops into your head.Art today wouldn’t be the same without him！
9.（ ） He lived through two world wars， the invention of electricity， telephones， radio and TV， movies， automobiles， and airplanes.As the world changed， he was able to change with it.Picasso made all kinds of art and plenty of it.He worked hard every day for more than eighty years.10.（ ） He must have had tons of energy.
Picasso kept thinking of new ideas.He was creative and skilled， but as soon as he mastered a certain style， he’d move on.11.（ ）
Unlike many artists， Picasso was successful and became famous quite quickly.He always knew how to attract attention.At nine years old， Picasso was selling his drawings.By the time he died at age ninety-one， he was the richest artist in history.
12.（ ） Because of Picasso， the dove is considered a symbol of peace.And his most famous painting， Guernica， shows the horror and brutality of war.
Picasso’s art could be serious or playful， childlike or realistic， colourful or dark， simple or complex.13.（ ） But the older he got， the more he wanted to make art like a child.
A.Many people couldn’t understand him.
B.Pablo and his family moved to Barcelona.
C.Pablo Picasso had a very long and interesting life.
D.Some people say he created 50，000 pieces of art！
E.When he was a child， he could draw as well as a talented grown-up.
F.As a result， the way he painted changed more than any other great artist.
G.Through his art， Picasso sent powerful messages about politics， society， and life.
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·无锡高二下学期期末）Susan Greenstein Prescott was a high school senior. One day， her English teacher， Fred DiMeo， gave her a terrifying assignment： 14 a poem in front of the whole class.
“I had a mild stutter （口吃）. I had 15 getting a word out that might begin with ‘D’ or ‘TH’， and I might say ‘the’ three times，” Greenstein Prescott said.
The 16 of getting up in front of her classmates and stuttering through the poem was too much to bear. Greenstein Prescott went home and revealed how 17 she was to her mom， who agreed to write a note asking for her to be 18 from doing the assignment in front of the whole class.
When the day of the recitation 19 ， Greenstein Prescott recited the poem one-on-one to DiMeo. Once she was done， he said something she’d never 20 before： He liked listening to her voice. For the first time， she 21 the possibility that public speaking didn’t have to be a source of 22 .
Greenstein Prescott went on to graduate from high school and go to college. She 23 a job as a corporate trainer. The new position made her 24 how big an impact he had had on her confidence.
Greenstein Prescott recently 25 to send DiMeo a letter. “He 26 is an unsung hero because he played a big 27 in my very successful career and my life，” she said. “I’d like to express my 28 for him.”
14.（ ） A.Write B.Read C.Sing D.Recite
15.（ ） A.memory B.concept
C.ability D.trouble
16.（ ） A.action B.thought
C.sight D.practice
17.（ ） A.scared B.excited
C.surprised D.confused
18.（ ） A.protected B.permitted
C.excused D.escaped
19.（ ） A.passed B.came
C.went D.flew
20.（ ） A.seen B.heard
C.experienced D.received
21.（ ） A.thought of B.made out
C.went through D.took over
22.（ ） A.hope B.failure
C.fear D.sorrow
23.（ ） A.touched B.offered
C.imagined D.landed
24.（ ） A.realise B.propose
C.reflect D.indicate
25.（ ） A.suggested B.requested
C.demanded D.planned
26.（ ） A.truly B.clearly
C.simply D.generally
27.（ ） A.feature B.role C.stage D.move
28.（ ） A.apology B.emotion
C.appreciation D.comment
Ⅳ.语法填空
The Academy Awards， also known as the Oscars， are a set of awards for artistic and technical merit in the film industry， 29. （give） annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences （AMPAS）， 30. （recognise） excellence in cinematic achievements.
Each Oscar is awarded after a secret vote by the AMPAS， 31. has thousands of members.Though its official name is the academy award of merit， the award is almost always called “the Oscar”.Nobody knows 32. （exact） why.One popular story is that on first seeing the statuette （小雕像）， the academy librarian said it looked just like her uncle Oscar.
The first academy awards 33. （present） in 1929， at a small hotel dinner.Since then， thousands of academy awards have been given out.An Oscar nomination has become a high honor in itself.A win practically 34. （guarantee） fame and money.Because the names of winners are kept secret， experienced performers often break into tears 35. their names are called.
The academy awards ceremony 36. （be） now televised in more than 200 countries.For hundreds of millions of movie fans all over the world， 37. （share） the excitement is a high point of each year.
The 96th Academy Awards ceremony， honoring the best films of 2023， was held 38. 10 March 2024， at the Dolby Theatre， in Los Angeles， California.
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.express/to express 2.to be admitted 3.to succeed
4.to analyse 5.to blame 6.to be held 7.to have learned
8.to be inspected 9.to go 10.to do
维度二
1.My wish is to be admitted into an ideal university in three years.
2.The purpose of the activity is to strengthen the students’ awareness of protecting the environment.
3.I am to blame for the accident， and hence， I am writing to apologise to you.
4.A Chinese speech contest is to be held in the City Library on 18 May.
5.Human life is regarded as part of nature and the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
6.One good way to protect our eyes is to take part in outdoor activities regularly.
7.The winning entries are to be published in our school newspaper on 16 June.
8.The First Foreign Language Festival will take place， whose purpose is to arouse the students’interest in learning English.
维度三
1.to protect 2.to become 3.be stopped 4.to develop
5.to cut 6.to blame 7.to purchase 8.keeps
9.are producing 10.to work
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。艾尔顿·约翰是一位享有国际声誉的英国歌手，文章讲述了他年轻时刚到美国的一次演出经历。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，台下的观众比台上的那名歌手还有名，因此观众都不把那名年轻歌手当回事。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，艾尔顿·约翰在来美国之前已经付出了非常大的代价，训练刻苦，演出认真。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知，由于台下观众都不太在乎台上的艾尔顿·约翰，他感到非常郁闷，因此跳起来踢翻了钢琴凳。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，艾尔顿·约翰后来进入了状态，唱得很自信、很投入，观众开始认真观看——他们听到了令人耳目一新的音乐。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在交通堵塞的道路上，下车救了一只蝴蝶。这一微不足道的善举，让作者内心充满喜悦。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，作者下车是为了救路上的一只蝴蝶。
6.C 推理判断题。根据第二、三段可知，看着蝴蝶飞走，作者内心异常轻松愉快。
7.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，本段的关键是最后一句，前面的都是铺垫。最后一句话是祈使句，显然是建议。
8.D 标题归纳题。综合全文可知，作者通过自己救蝴蝶这件小事，建议我们要对周围的一切充满爱心。因此D项为本文最佳标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。毕加索是西班牙画家和雕塑家，是现代艺术的创始人，西方现代派绘画的主要代表。他被认为是当代西方最具创造性和影响最深远的艺术家，是20世纪最伟大的艺术天才之一。
9.C 第二段概括介绍了毕加索的一生，C项符合语境。
10.D 下一句说他有大量的能量，D项符合语境。
11.F 上一句说他每掌握一种技巧，就会转变风格，F项是对这一意义的进一步说明，符合语境。
12.G 下面两个例子说明毕加索的画都传递出特殊的意义，G项正好是对此意义的概括，符合语境。
13.E 下一句说毕加索晚年的绘画特色，E项说明他小时候的绘画特色，前后形成对照，符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Susan Greenstein Prescott在上中学时由于口吃害怕在公众面前发言，可是，后来在老师的鼓励下她战胜了自我，成为一名企业培训师。
14.D 根据下文When the day of the recitation可知，故事主人公Susan Greenstein Prescott得到的任务是在全班同学面前背诵一首诗。
15.D 根据上文I had a mild stutter （口吃）.可知，Susan Greenstein Prescott有点口吃，因此她在发音方面有困难。
16.B 由于这是在背诵诗歌前，因此这只是Susan Greenstein Prescott的一种想法。她一想到在全班同学面前背诵诗歌就感到害怕。
17.A 根据上文可知，Susan Greenstein Prescott回家后应该是告诉母亲：面对即将到来的诗歌背诵自己有多么恐惧。
18.C 根据下文可知，后来Susan Greenstein Prescott只是单独给老师背诵诗歌。由此可知，母亲请示老师让女儿不要在全班同学面前背诵诗歌。这里excuse的意思是“免于做某事”。
19.B 根据上下文可知，同学们背诵诗歌的一天来到了。
20.B 根据上文he said something可知，Susan Greenstein Prescott听到了老师所讲的话。
21.A 由于听到了老师的鼓励和表扬，Susan Greenstein Prescott第一次想到公众演讲没有那么可怕。
22.C 由于Susan Greenstein Prescott获得了一些自信，她认为公众演讲不一定是恐惧的来源。
23.D 根据语境可知，Susan Greenstein Prescott应该是获得了一份企业培训师的工作。
24.A Susan Greenstein Prescott所获得的工作岗位让她意识到老师对她获得自信方面产生了巨大的影响。
25.D Susan Greenstein Prescott计划给她当年的老师写一封信。
26.A 在Susan Greenstein Prescott的心目中，老师DiMeo真的是一位无名英雄。
27.B Susan Greenstein Prescott认为老师DiMeo在自己的人生中起了巨大的作用。play a big role in ...为固定短语。
28.C 根据上文可知，Susan Greenstein Prescott给老师DiMeo写信的主要目的是表达感激之情。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。奥斯卡金像奖是由美国电影艺术与科学学院颁发的美国电影界的最高奖项。
29.given 这里表示奥斯卡奖“被颁发”，因此用过去分词作状语。
30.to recognise 这里表示颁发奥斯卡奖的目的，因此用动词不定式作目的状语。
31.which 本句中a secret vote为先行词，这里应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
32.exactly 这里需要一个副词来修饰前面的动词knows。
33.were presented 这里在叙述一个发生在过去的被动动作，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。
34.guarantees 本句说明一个客观事实，因此用一般现在时。
35.when/if 本空引导一个表示时间或条件的状语从句，因此用连词when/if。
36.is 本句主语为ceremony，说明现在的事实，应用一般现在时，因此用is。
37.sharing/to share 此处缺少主语，因此用sharing/to share。
38.on 表示在具体的某一天应用介词on。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
动词不定式作表语
①It is hard to give a precise definition.
②Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
③During the Middle Ages， the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.
④...the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance.
⑤In this work， Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene ...
⑥He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects， but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
⑦What they attempted to do was no longer show reality， but instead to ask the question，“What is art？”
【我的发现】
1.动词不定式作主语的句子为句 。
2.动词不定式作宾语的句子为句 。
3.动词不定式作表语的句子为句 。
4.动词不定式作状语的句子为句 。
5.动词不定式作后置定语的句子为句 。
一、动词不定式作表语的用法
1.动词不定式作表语时常见的系动词
动词不定式作表语时，一般跟在系动词be、 seem、 remain、 appear、 get等后面，用来说明主语的内容。
He seemed not to notice the man next to him.
他似乎没注意到他旁边的那个男人。
2.主语是以way、 aim、 duty、 hope、 dream、 idea、 intention、 purpose、 mistake、 plan、 proposal、 job、 suggestion、 task、 goal等抽象名词为中心词的名词词组，常用动词不定式作表语。
（2023·全国甲卷）The only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.
我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习。
As a team， our aim is to support each other and work collaboratively towards achieving our common goals.
作为一个团队，我们的目的是相互支持，共同努力来实现我们的共同目标。
To tell you the truth， my purpose of taking yoga classes is to stay in shape.
说实话，我上瑜伽课的目的是保持体形。
3.what 引导的名词性从句，后面的动词不定式作表语说明其内容。
What I want to do first is to learn how to do housework， like cooking and cleaning our room.
我首先想做的是学习如何做家务，比如做饭和打扫我们的房间。
4.疑问词＋动词不定式结构
疑问词who、 what、 which、 when、 where、 how、 why后加动词不定式构成动词不定式短语，它在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。
Our school will hold a Psychological Health Week next week， whose theme is how to relieve mental pressure.
我们学校下周将举办心理健康周（活动），它的主题是如何缓解心理压力。
The problem is when and where to hold the grand activity.
问题是何时何地举办这次宏大的活动。
名师点津
“疑问词＋动词不定式”中的动词不定式一般要用主动形式。
The problem is what to do with the waste thrown by passengers.
问题是如何处理乘客们丢弃的垃圾。
5.当主语包含定语从句且先行词为代词all或形容词最高级the least， the most时，其后可接“系动词＋动词不定式”作句子的表语。
All she wanted was to be left alone.
她只想一个人待着。
The least I can expect is to have this day all to myself.
至少我可以期待这一天完全属于我自己。
6.有些作表语的动词不定式，如to blame、 to let，在形式上是主动的，但在意义上是被动的。
It is John rather than you is to blame for the accident.
这次事故该受责备的是约翰而不是你。
7.be to do表示“计划；安排；命令；注定；目的；应该；可能”等意义。
There will still be lots of challenges if we are to sort out garbage in a short time.
如果我们想在短时间内实行垃圾分类，依然有很多挑战。
According to the traffic regulations and rules， electric bike riders without helmets are to be warned or pay a fine for it.
根据交通法规，不戴头盔骑电动自行车的人将受到警告或罚款。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①We are （return） at about 3 o’clock in the afternoon by bus which will be arranged by our school.
②The first challenge I met in Senior High was how （improve） my learning method.
③We tried every possible means， but the problems remained （unsettle）.
④The purpose of education is （develop） a good personality in children.
⑤Journalists are （be） very enthusiastic， independent and good at communicating with people.
二、动词不定式与动词-ing形式作表语的区别
1.一般情况下，区别不大，可通用。
As the old saying goes，“Seeing is believing.”
＝As the old saying goes，“To see is to believe.”
常言道：“眼见为实。”
2.动词-ing形式表示的动作较抽象或是习惯性的，而动词不定式表示某一次具体的动作。
My job is teaching in a middle school.
我的工作是在一所中学教学。
My job this afternoon is to teach you English.
我今天下午的工作是教你英语。
【即时演练2】 完成句子
①My present job is .
我目前的工作是照看孩子。
②His dream is after he grows up.
他的梦想是长大后当一名医生。
三、主语带do，表语省略to的情况
当主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，用作表语的动词不定式可以省略to。
What I’ll do is （to） tell her the truth.
我将要做的就是告诉她真相。
The first thing we can do is （to） reduce waste as possible as we can.
我们能做的第一件事是尽可能减少浪费。
【即时演练3】 对比填空
①My ambition is （work） in the computer industry when I grow up.
②What I want to do is （work） in the computer industry when I grow up.
③The most important thing to do is （conquer） yourself.
④The most difficult thing is （get） this company running smoothly.
criticise vi.& vt.批评；指责；评价
【教材原句】 For a humble person， one of the hardest things might be to criticise other people.
对于一个谦虚的人来说，最难的事情之一就是批评别人。
【用法】
（1）criticise （...） for ... 因……批评（……）
（2）criticism n. 批评；指责；评论
critic n. 评论家；批评者
critical adj. 批评的；关键的；批判性的
critically adv. 关键地；批判性地
【佳句】 Their criticism did not discourage me.On the contrary， I worked even harder.
他们的批评并没有使我感到气馁。相反，我更加努力学习了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Don’t criticise others their faults if you are not willing to admit your own.
②In art （critic）， you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work.
【写美】 完成句子
③ environmental groups.
这一决定受到环保组织的批评。
句型公式：there be句型
【教材原句】 From this we can see that there were two clear themes apparent in his work throughout his career：colours and reflections in water.
从中我们可以看出，在他整个职业生涯中，有两个明显的主题：色彩和水中的倒影。
【用法】
（1）there be句型的主谓一致遵循“就近一致”原则，即与离be动词最近的名词在形式上保持一致。
（2）there be ＋名词/代词＋非谓语动词...
（3）there be句型中的be可以用表示“存在”的动词，如live、 exist、 lie、 stand、 seem、 rise、 remain、 happen、 come、 go等替代，句型结构为：there＋存在类动词＋主语 ...
【品悟】 There is a mobile phone and two magazines on the table.
桌子上有一部手机和两本杂志。
【写美】 完成句子
① in the delivery of the package.
包裹的递送可能会有一些延误。
② on how to deal with AI challenges next Saturday.
下周六将有一场关于如何应对人工智能挑战的讲座。
③ downstairs， but it closed down recently.
楼下曾经有一家超市，但最近关掉了。
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.① 2.⑥ 3.②③⑤⑦ 4.④ 5.②
即时演练1
①to return ②to improve ③to be unsettled
④to develop ⑤to be
即时演练2
①looking after the children ②to be a doctor
即时演练3
①to work ②work ③conquer ④to get
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①for ②criticism ③The decision was criticised by
2.①There may be some delays
②There will be/There is going to be a lecture
③There used to be a supermarket
4 / 4(共78张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Learning About Language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
动词不定式作表语
①It is hard to give a precise definition.
②Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the
development of Western painting over the centuries.
③During the Middle Ages， the purpose of Western art was to teach
people about Christianity.
④...the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else
to show their importance.
⑤In this work， Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in
the scene ...
⑥He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects， but their
inner warmth and humanity as well.
⑦What they attempted to do was no longer show reality， but instead to
ask the question，“What is art？”
1. 动词不定式作主语的句子为句 。
2. 动词不定式作宾语的句子为句 。
3. 动词不定式作表语的句子为句 。
4. 动词不定式作状语的句子为句 。
5. 动词不定式作后置定语的句子为句 。
①
⑥
②③⑤⑦
④
②
【我的发现】
一、动词不定式作表语的用法
1. 动词不定式作表语时常见的系动词
动词不定式作表语时，一般跟在系动词be、 seem、 remain、
appear、 get等后面，用来说明主语的内容。
He seemed not to notice the man next to him.
他似乎没注意到他旁边的那个男人。
2. 主语是以way、 aim、 duty、 hope、 dream、 idea、 intention、
purpose、 mistake、 plan、 proposal、 job、 suggestion、 task、 goal
等抽象名词为中心词的名词词组，常用动词不定式作表语。
（2023·全国甲卷）The only way for us to get into the habit of waiting
is to practice.
我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习。
As a team， our aim is to support each other and work collaboratively
towards achieving our common goals.
作为一个团队，我们的目的是相互支持，共同努力来实现我们的共
同目标。
To tell you the truth， my purpose of taking yoga classes is to stay in
shape.
说实话，我上瑜伽课的目的是保持体形。
3. what 引导的名词性从句，后面的动词不定式作表语说明其内容。
What I want to do first is to learn how to do housework， like cooking
and cleaning our room.
我首先想做的是学习如何做家务，比如做饭和打扫我们的房间。
4. 疑问词＋动词不定式结构
疑问词who、 what、 which、 when、 where、 how、 why后加动词
不定式构成动词不定式短语，它在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。
Our school will hold a Psychological Health Week next week， whose
theme is how to relieve mental pressure.
我们学校下周将举办心理健康周（活动），它的主题是如何缓解心
理压力。
The problem is when and where to hold the grand activity.
问题是何时何地举办这次宏大的活动。
名师点津
“疑问词＋动词不定式”中的动词不定式一般要用主动形式。
The problem is what to do with the waste thrown by passengers.
问题是如何处理乘客们丢弃的垃圾。
5. 当主语包含定语从句且先行词为代词all或形容词最高级the least，
the most时，其后可接“系动词＋动词不定式”作句子的表语。
All she wanted was to be left alone.
她只想一个人待着。
The least I can expect is to have this day all to myself.
至少我可以期待这一天完全属于我自己。
6. 有些作表语的动词不定式，如to blame、 to let，在形式上是主动
的，但在意义上是被动的。
It is John rather than you is to blame for the accident.
这次事故该受责备的是约翰而不是你。
7. be to do表示“计划；安排；命令；注定；目的；应该；可能”等
意义。
There will still be lots of challenges if we are to sort out garbage in a
short time.
如果我们想在短时间内实行垃圾分类，依然有很多挑战。
According to the traffic regulations and rules， electric bike riders
without helmets are to be warned or pay a fine for it.
根据交通法规，不戴头盔骑电动自行车的人将受到警告或罚款。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①We are （return） at about 3 o’clock in the afternoon
by bus which will be arranged by our school.
②The first challenge I met in Senior High was how
（improve） my learning method.
③We tried every possible means， but the problems remained
（unsettle）.
④The purpose of education is （develop） a good
personality in children.
⑤Journalists are （be） very enthusiastic， independent and
good at communicating with people.
to return
to improve
to be
unsettled
to develop
to be
二、动词不定式与动词-ing形式作表语的区别
1. 一般情况下，区别不大，可通用。
As the old saying goes，“Seeing is believing.”
＝As the old saying goes，“To see is to believe.”
常言道：“眼见为实。”
2. 动词-ing形式表示的动作较抽象或是习惯性的，而动词不定式表示
某一次具体的动作。
My job is teaching in a middle school.
我的工作是在一所中学教学。
My job this afternoon is to teach you English.
我今天下午的工作是教你英语。
【即时演练2】 完成句子
①My present job is .
我目前的工作是照看孩子。
②His dream is after he grows up.
他的梦想是长大后当一名医生。
looking after the children
to be a doctor
三、主语带do，表语省略to的情况
当主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，用作表语的动词不定式可
以省略to。
What I’ll do is （to） tell her the truth.
我将要做的就是告诉她真相。
The first thing we can do is （to） reduce waste as possible as we can.
我们能做的第一件事是尽可能减少浪费。
【即时演练3】 对比填空
①My ambition is （work） in the computer industry when I
grow up.
②What I want to do is （work） in the computer industry when
I grow up.
③The most important thing to do is （conquer） yourself.
④The most difficult thing is （get） this company running
smoothly.
to work
work
conquer
to get
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
criticise vi.& vt.批评；指责；评价
【教材原句】 For a humble person， one of the hardest things might be
to criticise other people.
对于一个谦虚的人来说，最难的事情之一就是批评别人。
【用法】
（1）criticise （...） for ... 因……批评（……）
（2）criticism n. 批评；指责；评论
critic n. 评论家；批评者
critical adj. 批评的；关键的；批判性的
critically adv. 关键地；批判性地
【佳句】 Their criticism did not discourage me.On the contrary， I
worked even harder.
他们的批评并没有使我感到气馁。相反，我更加努力学习了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Don’t criticise others their faults if you are not willing to admit
your own.
②In art （critic）， you must assume the artist has a secret
message hidden within the work.
【写美】 完成句子
③ environmental groups.
这一决定受到环保组织的批评。
for
criticism
The decision was criticised by
句型公式：there be句型
【教材原句】 From this we can see that there were two clear themes
apparent in his work throughout his career：colours and reflections in
water.
从中我们可以看出，在他整个职业生涯中，有两个明显的主题：色彩
和水中的倒影。
【用法】
（1）there be句型的主谓一致遵循“就近一致”原则，即与离be动词
最近的名词在形式上保持一致。
（2）there be ＋名词/代词＋非谓语动词...
（3）there be句型中的be可以用表示“存在”的动词，如live、
exist、 lie、 stand、 seem、 rise、 remain、 happen、 come、 go等替
代，句型结构为：there＋存在类动词＋主语 ...
【品悟】 There is a mobile phone and two magazines on the table.桌子
上有一部手机和两本杂志。
【写美】 完成句子
① in the delivery of the package.
包裹的递送可能会有一些延误。
② on how to deal with AI
challenges next Saturday.
下周六将有一场关于如何应对人工智能挑战的讲座。
There may be some delays
There will be/There is going to be a lecture
③ downstairs， but it closed down
recently.
楼下曾经有一家超市，但最近关掉了。
There used to be a supermarket
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
1. What I want to do is （express） my thanks for
you to offer me the job， which gives me a chance to develop myself.
2. What he hoped was （admit） into the university.
3. If we are （succeed）， we must rely on the masses.
4. Another way of setting realistic goals is （analyse）
your short and long objectives.
express/to express
to be admitted
to succeed
to analyse
5. According to the latest report， human beings are
（blame） for the abnormal climate around the whole world.
6. The lecture is （hold） in Room 301 of the school
library at three this Friday afternoon.
7. Tom seemed （learn） the good news.
8. All the passengers， according to the new regulation， are
（inspect） before boarding the subway.
9. If you really want to learn driving， my advice is （go） to a
driving school.
10. A good way to make you feel more relaxed is （do） deep
breathing exercises for ten minutes.
to blame
to be held
to have learned
to be
inspected
to go
to do
维度二：语法与写作
1. 我的愿望是三年后被一所理想的大学录取。
（one’s wish is to do）
2. 这次活动的目的是加强学生保护环境的意识。
（The purpose ...is to do ...）
3. 此次事故我应承担责任，因此，我写信向您道歉。
（be to blame）
My wish is to be admitted into an ideal university in three years.
The purpose of the activity is to strengthen the students’ awareness
of protecting the environment.
I am to blame for the accident， and hence， I am writing to
apologise to you.
4. 一场汉语演讲比赛将于5月18日在市图书馆举行。
（be to do）
5. 人的生命被认为是自然的一部分， 我们生存下来的唯一方法就是
与自然和谐相处。
（be to do）
6. 保护我们眼睛的一个好方法就是经常参加户外活动。
（be to do）
A Chinese speech contest is to be held in the City Library on 18
May.
Human life is regarded as part of nature and the only way for us to
survive is to live in harmony with nature.
One good way to protect our eyes is to take part in outdoor activities
regularly.
7. 获奖作品将于6月16日在我们的校报上发表。
（be to do）
8. 首届外语节将要举行，其目的是激发学生学习英语的兴趣。
（be to do）
The winning entries are to be published in our school newspaper on
16 June.
The First Foreign Language Festival will take place， whose purpose
is to arouse the students’interest in learning English.
维度三：语法与语篇
My aim in life is 1. （protect） the environment for
future generations.My wish is 2. （become） an
environmental consultant after graduation.Many people think that
pollution cannot 3. （stop） if we want the country 4.
（develop）.But that is not true.What I suggest is 5.
（cut） back on dangerous and dirty waste from factories.Many times，
factories which produce a large quantity of goods are 6.
（blame） for much pollution in the environment.Besides， what people
should pay attention to is 7. （purchase） products which
can be recycled.
to protect
to become
be stopped
to
develop
to cut
to blame
to purchase
There is no doubt that we have a problem with population as well.The
number of people in the world 8. （keep） growing， and we
9. （produce） more rubbish and using up more raw
materials.What if they run out？ I am confident that if we are all willing
10. （work） together， we can overcome these challenges
and keep the Earth clean and healthy.
keeps
are producing
to work
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·兰州高二下学期质检）The crowd at the Troubadour club
didn’t pay much attention to the piano player quietly singing onstage.
The twenty-three-year-old singer’s record company had worked hard to
get many important people in the music business to come to the Los
Angeles club and hear its new discovery.
But on this August night in 1970， most of the audience was much
more famous than the man onstage. They talked to one another and looked
to see who else would walk in the door. They weren’t very interested in
this plain Englishman who wore glasses. Although he wore a “rock-and-
roll” T-shirt and jeans， he looked more like a salesman than a rock star.
Elton John had thought it was a mistake to come to America. He had
been struggling for years in England to get people to pay attention to him.
He had written songs for other performers. He had played and sung in
bands behind other singers. He had been waiting a long time for his big
break. And now it seemed as if no one would ever notice him.
Suddenly， he had had enough. All the frustration from his years of
being stuck in the background boiled over. He jumped up， kicked over
his piano stool， and shouted，“If you won’t listen， perhaps you’ll
bloody well listen to this.”
He started playing again， standing at the piano. But this time he
pounded away at the keys. He sang loudly and confidently. It was the way
he had pictured himself performing when he was a little boy in England，
listening to American rock and roll on the radio.
And the audience paid attention. They heard blues， rock， and
country music. Each song told its own fantastic story. Everyone knew
they were hearing something special.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。艾尔顿·约翰是一位享有国际声誉的
英国歌手，文章讲述了他年轻时刚到美国的一次演出经历。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。艾尔顿·约翰是一位享有国际声誉的
英国歌手，文章讲述了他年轻时刚到美国的一次演出经历。
1. Why did the audience show no interest in the young singer？（ ）
A. He wasn’t famous.
B. He was from England.
C. He wasn’t well prepared.
D. He wasn’t a professional singer.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，台下的观众比台上的那
名歌手还有名，因此观众都不把那名年轻歌手当回事。
2. What can we learn about the young singer？（ ）
A. He had been popular in England.
B. He went on the stage for the first time.
C. He wasn’t appreciated by his record company.
D. He had worked hard before coming to America.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，艾尔顿·约翰在来美国之
前已经付出了非常大的代价，训练刻苦，演出认真。
3. How did Elton John probably feel when he jumped up？（ ）
A. Excited and moved.
B. Impatient and angry.
C. Surprised and curious.
D. Regretful and disappointed.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知，由于台下观众都不
太在乎台上的艾尔顿·约翰，他感到非常郁闷，因此跳起来踢翻了
钢琴凳。
4. How did Elton John’s performance turn out？（ ）
A. It lacked creativity.
B. It stopped halfway.
C. It was very successful.
D. It was quite disappointing.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，艾尔顿·约翰后来进入
了状态，唱得很自信、很投入，观众开始认真观看——他们听到了
令人耳目一新的音乐。
B
（2024·青岛高二下学期月考）It was a hot spring day.The
temperatures felt more like July than May.I parked my car and headed into
the local store to buy my son a shirt.
After I made my purchase I walked back out into the heat.I got in my
car but had to wait to pull out because of all the cars lined up at the red stop
light.I looked out of my car window and saw something on the
pavement.A single butterfly was crazily fluttering （抖动） its wings but
not getting off the ground.It was right in front of a truck’s tire，
too.Without thinking I got out of my car， held my hand up so the truck
driver wouldn’t move forward， and bent down to look at the
butterfly.One of its legs was stuck in what looked like spilt soda.I reached
down and gently as I could cupped the butterfly in my hands.I lifted its leg
up and suddenly it was free.I opened my hands and up it flew towards the
shining sun.My own eyes shined brighter and my own heart felt lighter as I
watched it.
Now a lot of people might wonder why I would step out into traffic
like that to rescue a single butterfly.All I can say is that my heart was
guiding me at that moment.And when I was done I felt more like my true
self than I had all day.
The truth is the closer you are to the Earth， the closer you come to
Heaven.The more love that you share on this Earth， the more love you
take with you to Heaven.Fill your days with grace， goodness， and
love， and your heart will feel as light as a butterfly.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在交通堵塞的道路上，下车救
了一只蝴蝶。这一微不足道的善举，让作者内心充满喜悦。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在交通堵塞的道路上，下车救
了一只蝴蝶。这一微不足道的善举，让作者内心充满喜悦。
5. Why did the author get out of his/her car in the second paragraph？
（ ）
A. To save a butterfly. B. To catch a butterfly.
C. To check his/her car. D. To greet the truck driver.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，作者下车是为了救路上
的一只蝴蝶。
6. When the butterfly flew away， the author felt .（ ）
A. a little moved B. a little disappointed
C. a sense of joy D. a sense of loss
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二、三段可知，看着蝴蝶飞走，作
者内心异常轻松愉快。
7. What’s the main purpose of the last paragraph？（ ）
A. To give a supplement.
B. To offer a suggestion.
C. To introduce a new topic.
D. To make some comments.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，本段的关键是最后一
句，前面的都是铺垫。最后一句话是祈使句，显然是建议。
8. What would be the best title for the passage？（ ）
A. Fill Your Life with Excitement
B. Move the World with Action
C. Value Every Moment of Your Life
D. Show Your Kindness to the World
解析： 标题归纳题。综合全文可知，作者通过自己救蝴蝶这
件小事，建议我们要对周围的一切充满爱心。因此D项为本文最
佳标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
If you think about modern art， Pablo Picasso is probably the first
name that pops into your head.Art today wouldn’t be the same without
him！
9. （ ） He lived through two world wars， the invention of
electricity， telephones， radio and TV， movies， automobiles， and
airplanes.As the world changed， he was able to change with it.Picasso
made all kinds of art and plenty of it.He worked hard every day for more
than eighty years.10.（ ） He must have had tons of energy.
Picasso kept thinking of new ideas.He was creative and skilled， but
as soon as he mastered a certain style， he’d move on.11.（ ）
Unlike many artists， Picasso was successful and became famous
quite quickly.He always knew how to attract attention.At nine years old，
Picasso was selling his drawings.By the time he died at age ninety-one，
he was the richest artist in history.
12. （ ） Because of Picasso， the dove is considered a symbol
of peace.And his most famous painting， Guernica， shows the horror
and brutality of war.
Picasso’s art could be serious or playful， childlike or realistic，
colourful or dark， simple or complex.13.（ ） But the older he
got， the more he wanted to make art like a child.
A. Many people couldn’t understand him.
B. Pablo and his family moved to Barcelona.
C. Pablo Picasso had a very long and interesting life.
D. Some people say he created 50，000 pieces of art！
E. When he was a child， he could draw as well as a talented grown-up.
F. As a result， the way he painted changed more than any other great
artist.
G. Through his art， Picasso sent powerful messages about politics，
society， and life.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。毕加索是西班牙画家和雕塑家，是
现代艺术的创始人，西方现代派绘画的主要代表。他被认为是当代
西方最具创造性和影响最深远的艺术家，是20世纪最伟大的艺术天
才之一。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。毕加索是西班牙画家和雕塑家，是
现代艺术的创始人，西方现代派绘画的主要代表。他被认为是当代
西方最具创造性和影响最深远的艺术家，是20世纪最伟大的艺术天
才之一。
9. C 第二段概括介绍了毕加索的一生，C项符合语境。
10. D 下一句说他有大量的能量，D项符合语境。
11. F 上一句说他每掌握一种技巧，就会转变风格，F项是对这一意
义的进一步说明，符合语境。
12. G 下面两个例子说明毕加索的画都传递出特殊的意义，G项正好
是对此意义的概括，符合语境。
13. E 下一句说毕加索晚年的绘画特色，E项说明他小时候的绘画特
色，前后形成对照，符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·无锡高二下学期期末）Susan Greenstein Prescott was a high
school senior. One day， her English teacher， Fred DiMeo， gave her a
terrifying assignment： 14 a poem in front of the whole class.
“I had a mild stutter （口吃）. I had 15 getting a word out that
might begin with ‘D’ or ‘TH’， and I might say ‘the’ three
times，” Greenstein Prescott said.
The 16 of getting up in front of her classmates and stuttering
through the poem was too much to bear. Greenstein Prescott went home
and revealed how 17 she was to her mom， who agreed to write a
note asking for her to be 18 from doing the assignment in front of the
whole class.
When the day of the recitation 19 ， Greenstein Prescott recited
the poem one-on-one to DiMeo. Once she was done， he said something
she’d never 20 before： He liked listening to her voice. For the first
time， she 21 the possibility that public speaking didn’t have to be a
source of 22 .
Greenstein Prescott went on to graduate from high school and go to
college. She 23 a job as a corporate trainer. The new position made
her 24 how big an impact he had had on her confidence.
Greenstein Prescott recently 25 to send DiMeo a letter.
“He 26 is an unsung hero because he played a big 27 in my very
successful career and my life，” she said. “I’d like to express
my 28 for him.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Susan Greenstein Prescott在上中学时
由于口吃害怕在公众面前发言，可是，后来在老师的鼓励下她战胜
了自我，成为一名企业培训师。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Susan Greenstein Prescott在上中学时
由于口吃害怕在公众面前发言，可是，后来在老师的鼓励下她战胜
了自我，成为一名企业培训师。
14. A. Write B. Read C. Sing D. Recite
解析： 根据下文When the day of the recitation可知，故事
主人公Susan Greenstein Prescott得到的任务是在全班同学面前
背诵一首诗。
15. A. memory B. concept
C. ability D. trouble
解析： 根据上文I had a mild stutter （口吃）.可知，Susan
Greenstein Prescott有点口吃，因此她在发音方面有困难。
16. A. action B. thought
C. sight D. practice
解析： 由于这是在背诵诗歌前，因此这只是Susan
Greenstein Prescott的一种想法。她一想到在全班同学面前背
诵诗歌就感到害怕。
17. A. scared B. excited
C. surprised D. confused
解析： 根据上文可知，Susan Greenstein Prescott回家后应该是
告诉母亲：面对即将到来的诗歌背诵自己有多么恐惧。
18. A. protected B. permitted
C. excused D. escaped
解析： 根据下文可知，后来Susan Greenstein Prescott只是单独
给老师背诵诗歌。由此可知，母亲请示老师让女儿不要在全班同
学面前背诵诗歌。这里excuse的意思是“免于做某事”。
19. A. passed B. came C. went D. flew
解析： 根据上下文可知，同学们背诵诗歌的一天来到了。
20. A. seen B. heard
C. experienced D. received
解析： 根据上文he said something可知，Susan Greenstein
Prescott听到了老师所讲的话。
21. A. thought of B. made out
C. went through D. took over
解析： 由于听到了老师的鼓励和表扬，Susan Greenstein
Prescott第一次想到公众演讲没有那么可怕。
22. A. hope B. failure C. fear D. sorrow
解析： 由于Susan Greenstein Prescott获得了一些自信，她认为
公众演讲不一定是恐惧的来源。
23. A. touched B. offered
C. imagined D. landed
解析： 根据语境可知，Susan Greenstein Prescott应该是获得了
一份企业培训师的工作。
24. A. realise B. propose
C. reflect D. indicate
解析： Susan Greenstein Prescott所获得的工作岗位让她意识到
老师对她获得自信方面产生了巨大的影响。
25. A. suggested B. requested
C. demanded D. planned
解析： Susan Greenstein Prescott计划给她当年的老师写一
封信。
26. A. truly B. clearly
C. simply D. generally
解析： 在Susan Greenstein Prescott的心目中，老师DiMeo真的
是一位无名英雄。
27. A. feature B. role C. stage D. move
解析： Susan Greenstein Prescott认为老师DiMeo在自己的人生
中起了巨大的作用。play a big role in ...为固定短语。
28. A. apology B. emotion
C. appreciation D. comment
解析： 根据上文可知，Susan Greenstein Prescott给老师DiMeo
写信的主要目的是表达感激之情。
Ⅳ.语法填空
The Academy Awards， also known as the Oscars， are a set of
awards for artistic and technical merit in the film industry，
29. （give） annually by the Academy of Motion Picture
Arts and Sciences （AMPAS）， 30. （recognise）
excellence in cinematic achievements.
Each Oscar is awarded after a secret vote by the AMPAS，
31. has thousands of members.Though its official name is
the academy award of merit， the award is almost always called “the
Oscar”.Nobody knows 32. （exact） why.One popular
story is that on first seeing the statuette （小雕像）， the academy
librarian said it looked just like her uncle Oscar.
The first academy awards 33. （present） in 1929，
at a small hotel dinner.Since then， thousands of academy awards have
been given out.An Oscar nomination has become a high honor in itself.A
win practically 34. （guarantee） fame and
money.Because the names of winners are kept secret， experienced
performers often break into tears 35. their names are called.
The academy awards ceremony 36. （be） now
televised in more than 200 countries.For hundreds of millions of movie
fans all over the world， 37. （share） the excitement is a
high point of each year.
The 96th Academy Awards ceremony， honoring the best films of
2023， was held 38. 10 March 2024， at the Dolby
Theatre， in Los Angeles， California.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。奥斯卡金像奖是由美国电影艺术与
科学学院颁发的美国电影界的最高奖项。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。奥斯卡金像奖是由美国电影艺术与
科学学院颁发的美国电影界的最高奖项。
29. given 这里表示奥斯卡奖“被颁发”，因此用过去分词作状语。
30. to recognise 这里表示颁发奥斯卡奖的目的，因此用动词不定式
作目的状语。
31. which 本句中a secret vote为先行词，这里应用关系代词which引
导非限制性定语从句。
32. exactly 这里需要一个副词来修饰前面的动词knows。
33. were presented 这里在叙述一个发生在过去的被动动作，因此用
一般过去时的被动语态。
34. guarantees 本句说明一个客观事实，因此用一般现在时。
35. when/if 本空引导一个表示时间或条件的状语从句，因此用连词
when/if。
36. is 本句主语为ceremony，说明现在的事实，应用一般现在时，因
此用is。
37. sharing/to share 此处缺少主语，因此用sharing/to share。
38. on 表示在具体的某一天应用介词on。
谢谢观看！
