Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
维度一：品句填词
1.Rich extra-curricular activities are available for us to improve our （身体的） health.
2.Once my parents find my bad behaviour， I will be （管教） straight away.
3.He has a （消极的） attitude towards study in senior high school and his headteacher tries to persuade him to be buried in study.
4.He argued that the economic recovery had been （促进） by his tough power.
5.What she did was an （滥用） of her position as manager.
6.The government imposed a ban on （烟草） advertising.
7.A man of strong will often （支配） others.
8.There are no such things as magic p ， and therefore you should rely on yourself.
9.Everything will go well， so you needn’t be so p about your future.
10.Its name has been d from the list of endangered animals， for the habitat is improving.
维度二：单句语法填空
1.We are looking for someone who is （rely） and hard-working.
2.Applicants are selected for jobs on the results of a competitive （examine）.
3.It is a hard job， but at the same time it is a （reward） job.
4.When I go on a journey， my mother often reminds me （repeat）.
5.The teacher limited her （compose） to 800 words.
6.You’d better pay attention to their （physics） health as well as their mental health.
7.They asked him to give a speech， but he made no （respond）.
8.I’m sorry to hear the column Cartoon will （delete） from our school English newspaper.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.The old man （选定一个日子） to celebrate our success.
2.It is clear that he is eager to （做些事情来回报他们的善意）.
3.We had different opinions （当讨论） what to put into the video.
4.Your contribution will certainly （使得这次活动获得巨大成功）.
5.I would like to live in a neighbourhood （绿树环绕），where I can refresh myself after a day’s work.
维度四：课文语法填空
As teenagers grow up， they become more independent and start making their own decisions.However， during this period， it can be easy for some of them 1. （form） bad habits.These bad habits， if 2. （leave） unchecked， could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.3. （change） bad habits is never easy， even with many attempts.The good news is that we can change our bad habits if we understand 4. habits work.To facilitate 5. positive change in our bad habits， we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this by 6. （combine） the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.We can also use the habit cycle 7. （create） good habits.Many of us try to change bad habits quickly， and if we are not successful straight 8. ， we often become pessimistic and give up.In fact， the most successful way to change is not suddenly， but over a period of time.To reach the goal of change， a person must 9. （repeat） take many small steps.Young people have the power 10. （build） a happy and healthy life full of good habits！
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·常州高二下学期质检）When it comes to weight loss， diet and exercise are usually thought of as the two key factors that will achieve results.However， sleep is an often-neglected lifestyle factor that also plays an important role.
The recommended sleep duration for adults is seven to nine hours a night， but many people often sleep for less than this.Research has shown that sleeping less than the recommended amount is linked to having greater body fat， and can also influence how easily you lose weight on a calorie-controlled diet.
Typically， the goal for weight loss is usually to decrease body fat while retaining as much muscle mass as possible.Not obtaining the correct amount of sleep can determine how much fat is lost as well as how much muscle mass you retain while on a calorie restricted diet.
One study found that sleeping 5.5 hours each night over a two-week period while on a calorie-restricted diet resulted in less fat loss when compared to sleeping 8.5 hours each night.But it also resulted in a greater loss of fat-free mass （including muscle）.
There are several reasons why shorter sleep may be associated with higher body weight and affect weight loss.These include changes in appetite and food selection.
Sleep influences two important appetite hormones （荷尔蒙） in our body — leptin and ghrelin.The former decreases appetite， while the latter increases appetite.One study found that short sleep was associated with higher levels of ghrelin and lower levels of leptin.
Along with changes in appetite hormones， reduced sleep has also been shown to impact on food selection.Researchers have found that the areas of the brain responsible for reward are more active in response to food after sleep loss （six nights of only four hours’ sleep） when compared to people who had good sleep （six nights of nine hours’ sleep）.
This could possibly explain why sleep-deprived people snack more often and tend to choose carbohydrate-rich foods and sweet-tasting snacks， compared to those who get enough sleep.
1.What is often ignored by us according to the author？（ ）
A.The role of sleep.
B.The role of exercise.
C.The necessity of losing weight.
D.The necessity of going on a diet.
2.What will probably happen to us if we don’t get enough sleep？（ ）
A.We’ll gain some weight. B.We’ll lose some weight.
C.We’ll increase our muscle. D.We’ll get some fat-free mass.
3.According to Paragraph 6， a lack of sleep will usually make us .（ ）
A.eat less B.eat more
C.increase our leptin D.decrease our ghrelin
4.What will people tend to do after sleep loss？（ ）
A.Take more exercise.
B.Eat unhealthy foods.
C.Choose healthy foods.
D.Change sleeping habits.
B
Scientists have attached the kidney （肾） of a specially grown pig to a human body and found that it worked without problems.Though much is still unknown， the news is a huge step forward for tens of thousands of patients with kidney trouble.
Kidneys are two bean-shaped organs that help keep the body’s systems in balance.They make sure the blood has the right amount of water， salt， and acid.Kidneys help clean the blood， removing unneeded material through urine （pee）.As with other organs like the heart， lungs， or liver， human life depends on healthy kidneys.
One way to help a patient with kidney trouble is to replace their kidneys with healthy kidneys.This is called a “transplant （移植）”.Transplants usually come from people who have died， but who wanted their organs to be used to help other people live.But there are far more patients with kidney trouble than there are kidneys.Currently， about 90，000 people are waiting for kidney transplants in the United States alone.
For years， scientists have tried to figure out how to transplant organs from other animals into humans.This is hard because the human body almost always rejects something that isn’t its own.This includes some transplants from humans.Scientists have tried transplanting organs from chimpanzees， but this didn’t work very well.
More recently， scientists have focused on transplants from pigs.In many ways， pigs’ bodies are similar to humans.It’s now common for doctors to transplant pig heart valves （心脏瓣膜） to repair damaged human hearts.
But human bodies normally reject other pig organs because they contain a special chemical called “alpha-gal”.This time， to prevent the body from rejecting the pig kidney， scientists changed the pig’s DNA slightly so that it wouldn’t produce alpha-gal.
Last month， a medical team at NYU Langone Health， led by Dr Robert Montgomery， attached this special pig kidney to a human patient for the first time ever.Dr Montgomery said the kidney “worked immediately”.“It was better than I think we even expected，” he said.
5.What’s the second paragraph mainly about？（ ）
A.What organs do.
B.How kidneys work.
C.The functions of kidneys.
D.The importance of organs.
6.What’s the problem of the patients with kidney trouble？（ ）
A.A lack of kidneys for transplant.
B.High prices of kidney transplants.
C.Great difficulty in performing an operation.
D.People’s prejudice against animals’ organs.
7.What do we learn about transplanting animals’ organs into humans？（ ）
A.Pigs were first tried.
B.Pigs are more suitable.
C.Chimpanzees are more ideal.
D.Chimpanzees’ organs have been used.
8.Why did the scientists change the pig’s DNA？（ ）
A.To help it enjoy good health.
B.To help it produce more alpha-gal.
C.To make its kidney similar to that of humans.
D.To make its kidney accepted by the human body.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·浙江四校高二下学期联考）Most of us get distracted with push notifications， text messages and phone calls. With so much going on， it can be very difficult to stay focused， but it’s not impossible.
Turn Off Alerts （提醒）
Constant notifications and text messages are every college student’s enemy. 9.（ ） Close unnecessary tabs on your computer. You can fight online distractions by blocking or hiding time-wasting websites and apps.
Break Down Your Work into Smaller Tasks
If you’re having a difficult time studying or getting work done， break up your time effectively. 10.（ ） Studies show that taking breaks can help you retain information and increase productivity.
Find the Right Place to Do Work
Some students work best with a little background noise， while others need complete quiet. 11.（ ） Are you the kind of person who works better in silence at the library？ Or do you prefer the campus coffee shop with noise？ Try a few different spaces and see how each study session works out.
Clear Your Desk
Is your desk covered with stacks of papers？ Is your computer monitor framed with layers of sticky notes？ 12.（ ） A messy workspace can keep you from getting your work done. Go through your desk and keep only the essentials. A clean workspace can help reduce anxiety and make room for motivation.
Reward Yourself
13.（ ） Setting up a reward system is a good way to encourage yourself to do something. For example， if you finish an essay without any distractions， give yourself a reward like watching a TV show or taking a nap.
A.Everyone likes to be quiet.
B.If so， it’s time to get organised.
C.A little motivation can go a long way.
D.Never put off what you can do today until tomorrow.
E.Put your phone on silent or in “Do Not Disturb” mode.
F.Get to know your work style and the type of atmosphere you prefer.
G.Try giving yourself a 10-minute break for every 45－50 minutes of work you do.
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·济南高二下学期期末）As China’s first ever full-time Formula One driver， Zhou Guanyu makes a living by doing the sort of things many people can only dream about： traveling the world and racing in a fast car.
“I think the only 14 between Formula One and a roller coaster is that you have to 15 where you’re going， and you have to be at 100% of yourself，” Zhou told CNN.
Zhou has been putting his all into 16 since he was a young boy growing up in Shanghai.Today， Zhou is 17 to become F1’s answer to Yao Ming， who is often praised for making basketball 18 in his home country.
It was back in Shanghai in 2004 that — at just 5 years old — Zhou 19 Rubens Barrichello win the first ever Chinese Grand Prix on TV.The moment helped to 20 his interest in racing and has 21 with him ever since， he said.
There was a 22 of Chinese racing role models， so he 23 a path of his own.A very important moment in his racing life came at age 12， when he 24 Shanghai for Sheffield， in the United Kingdom， to 25 his development with the Strawberry Racing Karting team.The move put him on the road to achieve his ambitions.
Zhou is often 26 to the former NBA player Yao Ming， who is also a sporting hero from Shanghai.“Who knows， maybe in 10 years’ time， I could have the same 27 .And that is my aim 28 ，” he said.
14.（ ）A.problem B.difference
C.difficulty D.importance
15.（ ） A.guess B.control
C.prove D.declare
16.（ ） A.reading B.playing
C.driving D.swimming
17.（ ） A.predicted B.decided
C.requested D.demanded
18.（ ） A.simple B.interesting
C.available D.popular
19.（ ） A.watched B.followed
C.researched D.learned
20.（ ） A.build B.stress
C.develop D.measure
21.（ ） A.stayed B.changed
C.grown D.moved
22.（ ） A.need B.lack
C.role D.loss
23.（ ） A.received B.imagined
C.composed D.created
24.（ ） A.reached B.chose
C.left D.forgot
25.（ ） A.continue B.discover
C.consider D.attempt
26.（ ） A.matched B.compared
C.adapted D.devoted
27.（ ） A.career B.hobby
C.effect D.result
28.（ ） A.normally B.naturally
C.regularly D.definitely
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
基础知识自测
维度一
1.physical 2.disciplined 3.negative 4.facilitated
5.abuse 6.tobacco 7.dominates 8.pills 9.pessimistic 10.deleted
维度二
1.reliable 2.examination 3.rewarding 4.repeatedly
5.composition 6.physical 7.response 8.be deleted
维度三
1.has decided on a date
2.do something in reward for their kindness
3.when discussing
4.make the event a huge success
5.surrounded by green trees
维度四
1.to form 2.left 3.To change 4.how 5.a 6.combining
7.to create 8.away 9.repeatedly 10.to build
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。提到减肥，我们都会想到饮食和锻炼的作用，可是很少有人想到睡眠这一因素。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，关于减肥，我们都会想到饮食和锻炼的作用，可是却忽略了睡眠的作用。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第二至四段可知，缺乏睡眠不但会导致我们身体脂肪的增加，而且会导致不含脂肪物质（包括肌肉）的减少。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第六段可知，缺乏睡眠会影响两种跟食欲有关的荷尔蒙：leptin和ghrelin，前者会减少，后者会增加；而后者会促进我们的食欲。
4.B 细节理解题。根据最后两段可知，缺乏睡眠导致的另一个结果是我们会更倾向于选择不健康的食物。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国科学家尝试将猪的肾移植到人的体内，结果大获成功。
5.C 段落大意题。根据第二段可知，本段主要介绍了肾的功能，包括清理血液，通过尿液排泄废物等。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，目前肾病患者面临的问题是极其缺乏可用来移植的肾。
7.B 推理判断题。根据第四、五两段可知，科学家曾尝试将黑猩猩的器官植入人体，可是都失败了；后来尝试猪的器官，却大获成功。现在猪的心脏瓣膜已经用于人体。
8.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，科学家之所以改变猪的DNA，是为了让它不产生alpha-gal，从而它的器官可以被人体接受。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。这是一个喧嚣吵闹的时代，我们该如何排除干扰、保持专注呢？
9.E 本段主要告诉我们如何排除来自手机和电脑的干扰，故E项符合语境。
10.G 下句说明工作或学习期间短暂休息的好处，故G项符合语境。
11.F 上下文说明人们对于工作地点及环境的选择各有偏好，故F项符合语境。
12.B 上文说明办公桌和电脑桌面的凌乱状态，如果是这样，作者认为我们应该整理一下了。故B项符合语境。
13.C 本段建议我们对自己适当进行奖励，奖励的目的自然是为了激励，故C项符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。周冠宇来自中国上海，是世界著名一级方程式赛车运动员。文章简要介绍了他的成长经历。
14.B 根据空后的between Formula One and a roller coaster可知，这里周冠宇将两者进行对比，也就是指出差异。
15.B 对于一级方程式赛车运动员来说，必须控制前进的方向，过山车则无需自己控制。
16.C 根据上下文可知，周冠宇选择了赛车道路，他从小就对驾车很投入。
17.A 由于周冠宇在赛车领域所取得的成绩，人们预测他就是赛车领域里的姚明。这里的姚明是体育成功人士的代名词。
18.D 人们普遍赞誉姚明，他的一大贡献是让篮球运动在中国更加流行。
19.A 根据下文中的on TV可知，周冠宇5岁时在电视上观看赛车比赛。
20.C 周冠宇在电视上观看Rubens Barrichello赢得比赛的那一刻，培养了他对赛车运动的兴趣。
21.A 周冠宇自称，这一兴趣从那时一直保持到现在。
22.B 根据下文中的a path of his own可知，中国缺乏赛车领域的榜样人物。
23.D 由于在中国没有可以借鉴模仿的榜样，周冠宇开创了一条自己的发展道路。
24.C 在12岁那年，周冠宇离开上海去谢菲尔德。leave ...for ...表示“离开……去……”。
25.A 他去英国的目的是继续他在赛车事业方面的发展。
26.B 周冠宇经常被人们比作NBA领域的姚明。compare ...to ...把……比作……
27.C 周冠宇很自信地认为，他未来会取得跟姚明一样的影响力。
28.D 周冠宇同时很自信地认为，这毫无疑问就是他的奋斗目标。
6 / 6Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
[1]As teenagers grow up， they become more independent① and start making their own decisions②.However， during this period， [2]it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits. These bad habits， [3]if left unchecked③， could lead to④ more serious ones when they become adults.For example， some of them may become involved⑤ in tobacco⑥ or alcohol⑦ abuse⑧，[4]which can lead to physical⑨ and mental health problems.[5]To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating⑩ a teenager’s life is essential .They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes .
[1]As teenagers grow up是时间状语从句；they become ...decisions是主句；making their own decisions是动词-ing短语作动词start的宾语。
[2]it是形式主语；for some of them to form bad habits是动词不定式复合结构，作真正的主语。
[3]条件状语从句的省略，if后面省略了they are。
[4]which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。
[5]To prevent ... life是动词不定式短语作主语，本句相当于It is essential to prevent ...life。
[6]To change bad habits is never easy， even with many attempts .There is a famous saying [7]based on the philosophy of Aristotle：“We are [8]what we repeatedly do.” In many ways， our lifestyle is the sum of choices [9]we have made.We make a choice [10]to do something， and then we repeat it over and over again .Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit [11]that is much harder to change.[12]The good news is that we can change， if we understand how habits work.
[6]动词不定式短语作主语。
[7]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a famous saying。
[8]what 引导表语从句，在从句中作do的宾语。
[9]we have made是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词choices。
[10]动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词choice。
[11]that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词a habit。
[12]that引导表语从句；if引导条件状语从句；how habits work是宾语从句。
According to modern psychology ， we must first learn about the “habit cycle ”， [13]which works like this：
·Firstly， [14]there is a “cue ”， an action， event， or situation that acts as a signal to do something.
·Secondly， [15]there is a “routine ”， the regular action you take in response to the cue.
·Thirdly， [16]there is the “reward ”， the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
For example， when we feel unhappy （cue）， we eat lots of unhealthy snacks （routine）， [17]which makes us feel happy （reward）.[18]The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle， and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
[13]which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the “habit cycle”。
[14]there is a “cue”是句子主干；an action ...situation是同位语，对cue的内容进行解释说明；that引导定语从句，修饰前面的同位语。
[15]there is a “routine”是句子主干；the regular action是同位语；you take ...cue是定语从句，修饰先行词action。
【读文清障】
①independent adj.独立的
independence n.独立；自主
②make a decision作决定
③unchecked adj.不加约束的；不受限制的；放任的
④lead to导致；通向
⑤involved adj.有关的；卷入的
be/become involved in ...
参与……
⑥tobacco n.烟草；烟叶
⑦alcohol n.酒；酒精
⑧abuse n.滥用；虐待；辱骂
vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
⑨physical adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的
physically adv.身体上地
⑩dominate vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势
essential adj.必要的；本质的
make appropriate changes
作出适当的改变
attempt n.& vt.企图；尝试
attempt to do sth＝make an attempt to do sth企图做某事
（be） based on
以……为基础
repeatedly adv.重复地
repeat vt.重复
over and over again
一再地；反复地
automatic adj.自动的；无意识的
automatically adv.自动地；无意识地
psychology n.心理学；心理；心理影响
cycle n.循环；周期
cue n.提示；暗示；信号
vt.给（某人）暗示（或提示）
act as 担任；充当
a signal to do sth
做某事的信号
routine n.常规；惯常行为
adj.常规的；日常的
in response to 回答；答复
reward n.回报；奖励；报酬
vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
unhealthy adj.不健康的
rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖
rely on 依赖；依靠；信赖
[16]there is the “reward”是句子主干；the good thing or feeling是同位语；we get from the routine是定语从句，修饰先行词thing or feeling。
[17]which引导非限制性定语从句；feel happy是省略to的动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
[18]The reward是主语，makes是谓语，us是宾语，to continue the cycle是动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
[19]To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits， we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this by [20]combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.For example， we could try [21]to replace a negative routine with something more positive.So， when we feel unhappy again （cue）， rather than eat snacks， we could listen to some of our favourite music instead （routine）， [22]which will make us feel relaxed （reward）. Aside from [23]changing bad habits， we can also use the habit cycle [24]to create good habits.For example， when we come to an escalator （cue）， our normal routine is [25]to ride it， but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.
[19]动词不定式短语To facilitate ...habits作目的状语，must examine和（must） try是并列谓语，to adapt them是动词不定式短语作try的宾语。
[20]动词-ing短语作介词by的宾语。
[21]动词不定式短语作动词try的宾语。
[22]which引导非限制性定语从句，feel relaxed是省略to的动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
[23]动词-ing短语作介词from的宾语。
[24]动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[25]动词不定式短语作表语。
Many of us try [26]to change bad habits quickly， and if we are not successful straight away ， we often become pessimistic and give up .In fact， the most successful way [27]to change is not suddenly， but over a period of time.[28]As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote，“A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” One step seems small， but it is essential.[29]To reach the goal of change， a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps.After all ， [30]it is not easy to break bad habits.
facilitate vt.促进；促使；使便利
facilitate economic growth
促进经济增长
examine vt.（仔细）检查；审查；测验
adapt vt.使适应；改编
adapt to ...适应……
combine ...with ...
把……和……结合起来
negative adj.消极的；有害的；否定的
positive adj.积极的，正面的
replace ...with ...
用……代替……
rather than而不是
relaxed adj.放松的，自在的
relaxing adj.令人放松的
relax v.（使）放松
aside from除……以外
escalator n.自动扶梯；滚梯
straight away立即；马上
pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的
optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的
give up放弃
discipline n.自制力；纪律；学科
vt.自我控制；管教；处罚
after all终究；毕竟
[26]动词不定式短语作动词try的宾语。
[27]动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词way。
[28]As引导定语从句，指代后面主句的内容。
[29]动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[30]it是形式主语，to break bad habits是动词不定式短语作真正的主语。
For young people， there is plenty of time [31]to change bad habits.However， there is no “magic pill ” or delete button [32]that will help you； you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.You have the power [33]to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits！
[31]动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词time。
[32]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词“magic pill” or delete button。
[33]to build a ... habits是动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词power； full of good habits是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰名词life。
plenty of大量；很多
pill n.药丸；药片
delete v.删去；删除
delete button 删除键
decide on决定；选定
【参考译文】
健康的生活方式需养成的习惯
在成长过程中，青少年会变得越来越独立，并且开始自己做决定。然而，在这一时期，他们中的一部分人容易养成不良习惯。如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。他们必须学会早早认清不良习惯并作出适当的改变。
改变不良习惯从来都不是一件容易的事情，即使你三番五次地尝试。有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道：“重复的行为造就了我们。”从很多方面看，我们的生活方式是我们所作出的选择的总和。我们选择做某件事，接着我们反反复复地做这件事。不久之后，这项选择就变得自然而然，成为一种更加难以改变的习惯。好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是怎么运作的，我们就可以作出改变。
根据现代心理学，我们必须首先了解“习惯循环”，其工作原理如下：
·第一是“触发因素”，即一个行动、事件或状况，充当要做某事的讯号。
·第二是“惯常行为”，即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。
·第三是“回报”，即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。
例如，当我们感到不高兴时（触发因素），我们会吃很多不健康零食（惯常行为），这让我们感到快乐（回报）。这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。
想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环，然后尽力去调整。为了做到这一点，我们可以把来自我们不良习惯循环的信息与我们自己的积极想法结合起来。例如，我们可以试着将一个消极的惯常行为替换为一个更积极的东西。因此，当我们再次感到不高兴时（触发因素），我们可以听几首自己最喜爱的音乐（惯常行为），而不是吃零食，这会使我们感到放松（回报）。除了改变不良习惯之外，我们还可以利用习惯循环来养成良好的习惯。例如，当我们走到电梯前的时候（触发因素），我们的惯常行为是乘坐电梯，但是我们可以改为走楼梯，从而将上述惯常行为改变为一个更积极的事情。
我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，继而放弃。事实上，改变不良习惯的最佳方法不是一蹴而就，而是需要一段时间。正如中国哲学家老子所说：“千里之行，始于足下。”一步似乎很小，却至关重要。为了实现改变这一目标，一个人必须展示出一定程度的自制力，不断地迈出许多小步。毕竟，戒除不良习惯并非易事。
对年轻人来说，有大量的时间可以改变不良习惯。然而，能帮助你的“魔力丸”或删除键并不存在；你必须思考自己的不良习惯，选定一些作出改变。你有能力构建一种充满良好习惯的快乐、健康的生活！
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
2.What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A.How the “habit cycle” works.
B.What a healthy lifestyle is like.
C.Why preventing harmful habits is essential.
D.How to change bad habits and create good ones.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What will teenagers become as they grow up？（ ）
A.They will have their own ideas.
B.They will depend on their parents.
C.They will make bad friends.
D.They will make good decisions.
2.We can change bad habits if we .（ ）
A.know about modern psychology
B.understand how habits work
C.take the regular action
D.get reward from the routine
3.What do we do first to promote a positive change in bad habits？（ ）
A.Adapt to bad habit cycles.
B.Listen to some of our favourite music.
C.Examine our bad habit cycles.
D.Replace a negative routine with a positive one.
4.What do teenagers need to change bad habits？（ ）
A.Immediate action. B.Big goals.
C.Enough time. D.Magic pills.
第三步：品佳句妙笔生辉
Read the text carefully and find the sentences describing our emotions.
第四步：抒己见提升思维
Work in groups and put forward practical advice on how to break bad habits and create good ones for a healthy lifestyle.（The answers may vary.）
第五步：辨难句拆分解读
1.These bad habits， if left unchecked， could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
句式分析 是主句；when引导 从句；if left unchecked是条件状语从句的省略结构，完整形式为 。
自主翻译
2.The good news is that we can change， if we understand how habits work.
句式分析 that引导 从句；在表语从句中if引导 从句；how habits work是宾语从句。
自主翻译
3.For example， when we come to an escalator （cue）， our normal routine is to ride it， but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.
句式分析 when引导 从句；but连接 。
自主翻译
核心词汇集释
abuse n.滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
【教材原句】 For example， some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse， which can lead to physical and mental health problems.
例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。
【用法】
（1）abuse one’s power/position滥用职权
（2）abuse sb 辱骂/虐待某人
【佳句】 The boy had been abused by his father since he was eleven.
这个男孩从11岁起就受到父亲的虐待。
【写美】 完成句子
We should offer help without hesitation when we see animals in public.
当我们在公共场合看到动物被它们的主人虐待时，我们应该毫不犹豫地伸出援手。
in response to回答；答复；作为……的答复
【教材原句】 Secondly， there is a “routine”， the regular action you take in response to the cue.
第二是“惯常行为”，即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。
【用法】
（1）positive/favourable/negative response积极的/有利的/消极的反应
（2）respond vi. 回答；答复
respond to 回答；响应
respond by doing sth 以……方式回应
【佳句】 I am writing to give a brief introduction to Beijng Opera in response to your request. （传统文化）
为回应你的请求，我写信简要介绍一下京剧。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Some offered timely （respond） for tourists who got lost， while others picked up the garbage.
【写美】 完成句子
② your email inquiring about a good read， I strongly recommend Journey to the West.（推荐信）
为答复你询问一本好读物的邮件，我强烈推荐《西游记》。
reward n.回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
【教材原句】 Thirdly， there is the “reward”， the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
第三是“回报”，即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。
【用法】
（1）as a reward （for ...） 作为（对……的）报酬/奖赏
in reward for 为酬谢……；作为……的奖励
（2）reward sb for sth 因某事而奖赏某人
reward sb with sth 用某物奖励/回报某人
（3）rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的；有意义的
【佳句】 After hearing my words， my mum felt more than happy and kissed my cheek， giving the biggest apple to me as a reward. （读后续写之动作描写）
妈妈听了我的话后非常高兴，在我的脸上亲了一下，并把那个最大的苹果奖励给我。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Anyone providing information which leads to the recovery of the painting will be （reward）.
②The old Silk Road is worthy of a visit，which will be an interesting and （reward） experience.
【写美】 完成句子
③I would like to invite you to the science museum during my stay in Beijing. （邀请信）
我想邀请你去科学博物馆，以报答我在北京期间你及时而慷慨的帮助。
rely on 依赖；依靠；信赖
【教材原句】 The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle， and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。
【用法】
（1）rely on/upon （doing） sth 依赖/信任/指望（做）某事
rely on/upon sb to do sth 指望/相信某人做某事
rely on/upon it that ... 相信……；指望……
（2）reliable adj. 可信赖的；可依靠的
【佳句】 ①Whenever we’re in trouble， you’re always the person we can rely on.
无论我们什么时候有困难，你总是我们可以依赖的那个人。
②Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help/to help us.
现今我们越来越依赖计算机协助工作。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Many people now would rely on （surf） the Internet rather than read newspapers for news.
②I’m enthusiastic about drama and eager to take responsibility as a （rely） chairman.
【写美】 一句多译
③每当我处于困境中时，我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。
→I can whenever I am in trouble.（rely on/upon sb to do sth）
→I can whenever I am in trouble.（rely on/upon it that ...）
aside from 除……以外
【教材原句】 Aside from changing bad habits， we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits.除了改变不良习惯之外，我们还可以利用习惯循环来养成良好的习惯。
【用法】
aside from为介词短语，相当于apart from，后接名词、代词、动词-ing形式作宾语，用法如下：
（1）表示“除了……外还……”，相当于besides/in addition to；
（2）表示“除了……外都……”，相当于except for。
【写美】 完成句子
， I always manage to find time for what I’m interested in.
除了我的学业以外，我还总是设法找时间学习我所感兴趣的东西。
straight away 立即；马上
【教材原句】 Many of us try to change bad habits quickly， and if we are not successful straight away， we often become pessimistic and give up.
我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，继而放弃。
【用法】
“立刻，马上”的其他表达：
right away； right now； at once； in no time
【佳句】 When he saw the fire， he called 119 straight away.当他看到大火时，他立即拨打了119。
【写美】 完成句子
Sensing that I was quite embarrassed，my younger brother came to my assistance .
我弟弟感觉到我相当尴尬，立即过来帮我。
after all 毕竟；终究
【教材原句】 After all， it is not easy to break bad habits. 毕竟，戒除不良习惯并非易事。
【用法】
all in all 总而言之
in all 总共；共计
above all 首先；最重要的是
first of all 首先
at all 根本；全然（常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中加强语气）
【佳句】 ①Why not give him another chance？ After all， everybody makes mistakes.
为什么不再给他一次机会呢？毕竟，每个人都会犯错。
②Above all， I’d like to thank my family for their unconditional support.
首先，我要感谢我的家人们无条件的支持。
【写美】 完成下面小语段。
， it is not unusual for many Senior Three students to feel stressed out before important exams. So you don’t need to worry . ， it would be a good idea if you could share your feelings with your friends or teachers. ， follow the above suggestions and you will find it easy to change your current terrible situation.
毕竟，许多高三学生在重要考试前感到焦虑不安是很正常的。所以你完全不用担心。首先，如果你能和你的朋友或老师分享你的感受，这将是一个好主意。总之，遵循上面的建议，你会发现改变你目前糟糕的状况很容易。
decide on 决定；选定
【教材原句】 ...you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.
……你必须思考自己的不良习惯，选定一些作出改变。
【用法】
（1）decide on/upon （doing） sth 决定（做）某事
decide to do sth 决定做某事
作出决定
【佳句】 ①I am trying to decide on what major I will study at university， and writing in the hope that you can guide me in my options. （求助信）
我正在努力决定我将在大学学习什么专业，写信希望您能指导我的选择。
②Her decision to retire surprised us all.
她决定退休，我们大为惊讶。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Now I have been a senior student and I decided （study） hard to go to a good university.
②My husband and I decided visiting Cape Cod， a beautiful sea resort.
【写美】 完成句子
③Considering senior high students are worn out，the Students’ Association to enhance their spirits. （活动安排）
考虑到高中生们都很疲惫，学生会决定去爬附近的一座山来振奋他们的精神。
重点句型解构
句型公式：状语从句的省略
【教材原句】 These bad habits， if left unchecked， could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。
【用法】
when、 while、 before、 after、 unless、 as等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或状语从句中的主语为it时，通常省略从句中的主语和be动词。
【品悟】 Therefore，I can explain the relevant information about Chinese painting if necessary.
因此，如果有必要，我可以解释有关中国画的相关信息。
【写美】 完成句子
① ， I thought I would adapt to the new surroundings as soon as possible.
当我被这所学校录取时，我认为我会尽快适应新环境。
② ， we can definitely keep fit and release heavy pressure.
如果经常锻炼，我们一定能保持健康，释放沉重的压力。
句型公式：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
【教材原句】 The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle， and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。
【用法】
（1）常用于此结构中的动词还有think、 believe、 find、 consider、 feel等，可以用作宾语补足语的有形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等。
（2）在“make＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do”结构中，it是形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语。
【品悟】 You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
如果你想使你的英国之旅愉快而有价值，你就必须留心观察。
【点津】 make后带动词不定式作宾语补足语时要省略to；但动词不定式在被动语态中作主语补足语时不能省略to。
【写美】 完成句子/一句多译
①We’ll try our best to .
我们将尽全力使我们的国家越来越美丽。
②I a small gift when we attend a dinner party.
我认为当我们参加晚宴时带点小礼物是个好主意。
③他经常让他妹妹替他做家务。
→He often the housework for him.
→His sister the housework for him.
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.（1）form （2）routine （3）examine （4）repeatedly
（5）some changes
2.D
第二步
1－4 ABCC
第三步
（1）For example， when we feel unhappy （cue）， we eat lots of unhealthy snacks （routine）， which makes us feel happy （reward）.
（2）So， when we feel unhappy again （cue）， rather than eat snacks， we could listen to some of our favourite music instead （routine）， which will make us feel relaxed （reward）.
（3）Many of us try to change bad habits quickly， and if we are not successful straight away，we often become pessimistic and give up.
第四步
（1）Understand how habit cycles work；
（2）Get to know how bad habits influence a person’s life；
（3）Use the science of psychology to help teenagers to rid themselves of the bad habits；
（4）Never expect a quick and sudden change；
（5）Show some discipline to them and repeatedly make small changes.
第五步
1.These bad habits could lead to more serious ones
时间状语 if they are left unchecked
如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。
2.表语 条件状语
好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是怎么运作的，我们就可以作出改变。
3.时间状语 并列句
例如，当我们走到电梯前的时候（触发因素），我们的惯常行为是乘坐电梯，但是我们可以改为走楼梯，从而将上述惯常行为改变为一个更积极的事情。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.abused by their owners
2.①response ②In response to
3.①rewarded ②rewarding ③in reward for your timely and generous help
4.①surfing ②reliable ③rely on/upon him to offer me some practical suggestions； rely on/upon it that he can offer me some practical suggestions
5.Aside from/Apart from/In addition to/Besides my academic studies
6.straight away/right away/right now/at once/in no time
7.After all； at all； First of all/Above all； All in all
8.①to study ②on ③has decided/has made a decision/has arrived at/come to/reached a decision to climb a nearby hill
重点句型解构
1.①When admitted to this school
②If taking exercise regularly
2.①make our country more and more beautiful
②think it a good idea to bring
③makes his sister do； is often made to do
12 / 12(共127张PPT)
Section Ⅰ
Reading and Thinking
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
[1]As teenagers grow up， they become more independent① and start
making their own decisions②.However， during this period， [2]it can be
easy for some of them to form bad habits. These bad habits， [3]if left
unchecked③， could lead to④ more serious ones when they become
adults.For example， some of them may become involved⑤ in tobacco⑥
or alcohol⑦ abuse⑧，[4]which can lead to physical⑨ and mental health
problems.[5]To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating⑩ a
teenager’s life is essential .They must learn to recognise bad habits
early and make appropriate changes .
[1]As teenagers grow up是时间状语从句；they
become ...decisions是主句；making their own decisions是动词-ing短
语作动词start的宾语。
[2]it是形式主语；for some of them to form bad habits是动词不定
式复合结构，作真正的主语。
[3]条件状语从句的省略，if后面省略了they are。
[4]which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。
[5]To prevent ... life是动词不定式短语作主语，本句相当于It is
essential to prevent ...life。
【读文清障】
①independent adj.独立的
independence n.独立；自主
②make a decision作决定
③unchecked adj.不加约束的；不受限制的；放任的
④lead to导致；通向
⑤involved adj.有关的；卷入的
be/become involved in ...参与……
⑥tobacco n.烟草；烟叶
⑦alcohol n.酒；酒精
⑧abuse n.滥用；虐待；辱骂
vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
⑨physical adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的
physically adv.身体上地
⑩dominate vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势
essential adj.必要的；本质的
make appropriate changes
作出适当的改变
[6]To change bad habits is never easy， even with many attempts
.There is a famous saying [7]based on the philosophy of Aristotle：
“We are [8]what we repeatedly do.” In many ways， our lifestyle is
the sum of choices [9]we have made.We make a choice [10]to do
something， and then we repeat it over and over again .Soon that choice
becomes automatic and forms a habit [11]that is much harder to
change.[12]The good news is that we can change， if we understand how
habits work.
[6]动词不定式短语作主语。
[7]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a famous saying。
[8]what 引导表语从句，在从句中作do的宾语。
[9]we have made是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修
饰先行词choices。
[10]动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词choice。
[11]that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词a habit。
[12]that引导表语从句；if引导条件状语从句；how habits work是
宾语从句。
attempt n.& vt.企图；尝试
attempt to do sth＝make an attempt to do sth企图做某事
（be） based on以……为基础
repeatedly adv.重复地repeat vt.重复
over and over again一再地；反复地
automatic adj.自动的；无意识的
automatically adv.自动地；无意识地
According to modern psychology ， we must first learn about the
“habit cycle ”， [13]which works like this：
·Firstly， [14]there is a “cue ”， an action， event， or situation
that acts as a signal to do something.
·Secondly， [15]there is a “routine ”， the regular action you take
in response to the cue.
·Thirdly， [16]there is the “reward ”， the good thing or feeling
we get from the routine.
For example， when we feel unhappy （cue）， we eat lots of
unhealthy snacks （routine）， [17]which makes us feel happy
（reward）.[18]The reward makes us much more likely to continue the
cycle， and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
[13]which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the “habit
cycle”。
[14]there is a “cue”是句子主干；an action ...situation是同位语，对cue的内容进行解释说明；that引导定语从句，修饰前面的同位语。
[15]there is a “routine”是句子主干；the regular action是同位语；you take ...cue是定语从句，修饰先行词action。
[16]there is the “reward”是句子主干；the good thing or feeling是同位语；we get from the routine是定语从句，修饰先行
词thing or feeling。
[17]which 引导非限制性定语从句；feel happy是省略to的动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
[18]The reward是主语，makes是谓语，us是宾语，to continue the cycle是动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
psychology n.心理学；心理；心理影响
cycle n.循环；周期
cue n.提示；暗示；信号
vt.给（某人）暗示（或提示）
act as 担任；充当
a signal to do sth做某事的信号
routine n.常规；惯常行为
adj.常规的；日常的
in response to 回答；答复
reward n.回报；奖励；报酬vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
unhealthy adj.不健康的
rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖
rely on 依赖；依靠；信赖
[19]To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits， we must first
examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this
by [20]combining the information from our habit cycles with our own
positive ideas.For example， we could try [21]to replace a negative
routine with something more positive.So， when we feel unhappy again
（cue）， rather than eat snacks， we could listen to some of our
favourite music instead （routine）， [22]which will make us feel
relaxed （reward）.
Aside from [23]changing bad habits， we can also use the habit cycle
[24]to create good habits.For example， when we come to an escalator
（cue）， our normal routine is [25]to ride it， but we could change this
routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.
[19]动词不定式短语To facilitate ...habits作目的状语，must
examine和（must） try是并列谓语，to adapt them是动词不定式短语
作try的宾语。
[20]动词-ing短语作介词by的宾语。
[21]动词不定式短语作动词try的宾语。
[22]which引导非限制性定语从句，feel relaxed是省略to的动词不
定式短语作宾语补足语。
[23]动词-ing短语作介词from的宾语。
[24]动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[25]动词不定式短语作表语。
facilitate vt.促进；促使；使便利
facilitate economic growth
促进经济增长
examine vt.（仔细）检查；审查；测验
adapt vt.使适应；改编
adapt to ...适应……
combine ...with ...
把……和……结合起来
negative adj.消极的；有害的；否定的
positive adj.积极的，正面的
replace ...with ...
用……代替……
rather than而不是
relaxed adj.放松的，自在的
relaxing adj.令人放松的
relax v.（使）放松
aside from除……以外
escalator n.自动扶梯； 滚梯
Many of us try [26]to change bad habits quickly， and if we are not
successful straight away ， we often become pessimistic and give up
.In fact， the most successful way [27]to change is not suddenly， but
over a period of time.[28]As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote，“A
journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” One step seems
small， but it is essential.[29]To reach the goal of change， a person
must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps.After
all ， [30]it is not easy to break bad habits.
[26]动词不定式短语作动词try的宾语。
[27]动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词way。
[28]As引导定语从句，指代后面主句的内容。
[29]动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[30]it是形式主语，to break bad habits是动词不定式短语作真正
的主语。
straight away立即；马上
pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的
optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的
give up放弃
discipline n.自制力；纪律；学科vt.自我控制；管教；处罚
after all终究；毕竟
For young people， there is plenty of time [31]to change bad
habits.However， there is no “magic pill ” or delete button [32]that
will help you； you have to think about your bad habits and decide on
some changes.You have the power [33]to build a happy and healthy life
full of good habits！
[31]动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词time。
[32]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词“magic pill” or delete
button。
[33]to build a ... habits是动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名
词power； full of good habits是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰名词
life。
plenty of大量；很多
pill n.药丸；药片
delete v.删去；删除
delete button 删除键
decide on决定；选定
【参考译文】
健康的生活方式需养成的习惯
在成长过程中，青少年会变得越来越独立，并且开始自己做决
定。然而，在这一时期，他们中的一部分人容易养成不良习惯。如果
任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的
有害习惯。例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心
理健康问题。防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。他
们必须学会早早认清不良习惯并作出适当的改变。
改变不良习惯从来都不是一件容易的事情，即使你三番五次地尝
试。有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道：“重复的行为
造就了我们。”从很多方面看，我们的生活方式是我们所作出的选择
的总和。我们选择做某件事，接着我们反反复复地做这件事。不久之
后，这项选择就变得自然而然，成为一种更加难以改变的习惯。好消
息是，如果我们了解习惯是怎么运作的，我们就可以作出改变。
根据现代心理学，我们必须首先了解“习惯循环”，其工作原理
如下：
·第一是“触发因素”，即一个行动、事件或状况，充当要做某事
的讯号。
·第二是“惯常行为”，即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。
·第三是“回报”，即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。
例如，当我们感到不高兴时（触发因素），我们会吃很多不健康
零食（惯常行为），这让我们感到快乐（回报）。这一回报使我们更
有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。
想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们必须首先审视自己
的坏习惯循环，然后尽力去调整。为了做到这一点，我们可以把来自
我们不良习惯循环的信息与我们自己的积极想法结合起来。例如，我
们可以试着将一个消极的惯常行为替换为一个更积极的东西。因此，
当我们再次感到不高兴时（触发因素），我们可以听几首自己最喜爱
的音乐（惯常行为），而不是吃零食，这会使我们感到放松（回
报）。除了改变不良习惯之外，我们还可以利用习惯循环来养成良好
的习惯。例如，当我们走到电梯前的时候（触发因素），我们的惯常
行为是乘坐电梯，但是我们可以改为走楼梯，从而将上述惯常行为改
变为一个更积极的事情。
我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们
往往变得悲观，继而放弃。事实上，改变不良习惯的最佳方法不是一
蹴而就，而是需要一段时间。正如中国哲学家老子所说：“千里之
行，始于足下。”一步似乎很小，却至关重要。为了实现改变这一目
标，一个人必须展示出一定程度的自制力，不断地迈出许多小步。毕
竟，戒除不良习惯并非易事。
对年轻人来说，有大量的时间可以改变不良习惯。然而，能帮
助你的“魔力丸”或删除键并不存在；你必须思考自己的不良习
惯，选定一些作出改变。你有能力构建一种充满良好习惯的快
乐、健康的生活！
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
2. What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A. How the “habit cycle” works.
B. What a healthy lifestyle is like.
C. Why preventing harmful habits is essential.
D. How to change bad habits and create good ones.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1. What will teenagers become as they grow up？（ ）
A. They will have their own ideas.
B. They will depend on their parents.
C. They will make bad friends.
D. They will make good decisions.
2. We can change bad habits if we .（ ）
A. know about modern psychology
B. understand how habits work
C. take the regular action
D. get reward from the routine
3. What do we do first to promote a positive change in bad habits？
（ ）
A. Adapt to bad habit cycles.
B. Listen to some of our favourite music.
C. Examine our bad habit cycles.
D. Replace a negative routine with a positive one.
4. What do teenagers need to change bad habits？（ ）
A. Immediate action. B. Big goals.
C. Enough time. D. Magic pills.
第三步：品佳句妙笔生辉
Read the text carefully and find the sentences describing our emotions.
（1）For example， when we feel unhappy （cue）， we eat lots of
unhealthy snacks （routine）， which makes us feel happy （reward）.
（2）So， when we feel unhappy again （cue）， rather than eat
snacks， we could listen to some of our favourite music instead
（routine）， which will make us feel relaxed （reward）.
（3）Many of us try to change bad habits quickly， and if we are not
successful straight away，we often become pessimistic and give up.
第四步：抒己见提升思维
Work in groups and put forward practical advice on how to break bad
habits and create good ones for a healthy lifestyle.（The answers may
vary.）
（1）Understand how habit cycles work；
（2）Get to know how bad habits influence a person’s life；
（3）Use the science of psychology to help teenagers to rid themselves
of the bad habits；
（4）Never expect a quick and sudden change；
（5）Show some discipline to them and repeatedly make small
changes.
第五步：辨难句拆分解读
1. These bad habits， if left unchecked， could lead to more serious ones
when they become adults.
句式分析 是主
句；when引导 从句；if left unchecked是条件状语从句
的省略结构，完整形式为 。
自主翻译
These bad habits could lead to more serious ones
时间状语
if they are left unchecked
如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可
能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。
2. The good news is that we can change， if we understand how habits
work.
句式分析 that引导 从句；在表语从句中if引导
从句；how habits work是宾语从句。
自主翻译
表语
条件状
语
好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是怎么运作的，我们就
可以作出改变。
3. For example， when we come to an escalator （cue）， our normal
routine is to ride it， but we could change this routine into something
more positive by taking the stairs instead.
句式分析 when引导 从句；but连接 。
自主翻译
时间状语
并列句
例如，当我们走到电梯前的时候（触发因素），我们
的惯常行为是乘坐电梯，但是我们可以改为走楼梯，从而将上述惯
常行为改变为一个更积极的事情。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
核心词汇集释
abuse n.滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
【教材原句】 For example， some of them may become involved in
tobacco or alcohol abuse， which can lead to physical and mental health
problems.
例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康
问题。
【用法】
（1）abuse one’s power/position滥用职权
（2）abuse sb 辱骂/虐待某人
【佳句】 The boy had been abused by his father since he was eleven.
这个男孩从11岁起就受到父亲的虐待。
【写美】 完成句子
We should offer help without hesitation when we see animals
in public.
当我们在公共场合看到动物被它们的主人虐待时，我们应该毫不犹豫
地伸出援手。
abused by
their owners
in response to回答；答复；作为……的答复
【教材原句】 Secondly， there is a “routine”， the regular action
you take in response to the cue.
第二是“惯常行为”，即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。
【用法】
（1）positive/favourable/negative response积极的/有利的/消极的反应
（2）respond vi. 回答；答复
respond to 回答；响应
respond by doing sth 以……方式回应
【佳句】 I am writing to give a brief introduction to Beijng Opera in
response to your request. （传统文化）
为回应你的请求，我写信简要介绍一下京剧。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Some offered timely （respond） for tourists who got
lost， while others picked up the garbage.
【写美】 完成句子
② your email inquiring about a good read， I strongly
recommend Journey to the West. （推荐信）
为答复你询问一本好读物的邮件，我强烈推荐《西游记》。
response
In response to
reward n.回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
【教材原句】 Thirdly， there is the “reward”， the good thing or
feeling we get from the routine.
第三是“回报”，即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。
【用法】
（1）as a reward （for ...） 作为（对……的）报酬/奖赏
in reward for 为酬谢……；作为……的奖励
（2）reward sb for sth 因某事而奖赏某人
reward sb with sth 用某物奖励/回报某人
（3）rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的；有意义的
【佳句】 After hearing my words， my mum felt more than happy and
kissed my cheek， giving the biggest apple to me as a reward. （读后
续写之动作描写）
妈妈听了我的话后非常高兴，在我的脸上亲了一下，并把那个最大的
苹果奖励给我。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Anyone providing information which leads to the recovery of the
painting will be （reward）.
②The old Silk Road is worthy of a visit，which will be an interesting
and （reward） experience.
rewarded
rewarding
【写美】 完成句子
③I would like to invite you to the science museum
during my stay in Beijing. （邀请信）
我想邀请你去科学博物馆，以报答我在北京期间你及时而慷慨的
帮助。
in reward for your
timely and generous help
rely on 依赖；依靠；信赖
【教材原句】 The reward makes us much more likely to continue the
cycle， and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食
这一不良习惯。
【用法】
（1）rely on/upon （doing） sth 依赖/信任/指望（做）某事
rely on/upon sb to do sth
指望/相信某人做某事
rely on/upon it that ...相信……；指望……
（2）reliable adj. 可信赖的；可依靠的
【佳句】 ①Whenever we’re in trouble， you’re always the person
we can rely on.
无论我们什么时候有困难，你总是我们可以依赖的那个人。
②Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help/to help us.
现今我们越来越依赖计算机协助工作。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Many people now would rely on （surf） the Internet rather
than read newspapers for news.
②I’m enthusiastic about drama and eager to take responsibility as
a （rely） chairman.
surfing
reliable
【写美】 一句多译
③每当我处于困境中时，我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。
→I can
whenever I am in trouble.（rely on/upon sb to do sth）
→I can
whenever I am in trouble.（rely on/upon it that ...）
rely on/upon him to offer me some practical suggestions
rely on/upon it that he can offer me some practical suggestions
aside from 除……以外
【教材原句】 Aside from changing bad habits， we can also use the
habit cycle to create good habits.
除了改变不良习惯之外，我们还可以利用习惯循环来养成良好的
习惯。
【用法】
aside from为介词短语，相当于apart from，后接名词、代词、动词-
ing形式作宾语，用法如下：
（1）表示“除了……外还……”，相当于besides/in addition to；
（2）表示“除了……外都……”，相当于except for。
【写美】 完成句子
，
I always manage to find time for what I’m interested in.
除了我的学业以外，我还总是设法找时间学习我所感兴趣的东西。
Aside from/Apart from/In addition to/Besides my academic studies
straight away 立即；马上
【教材原句】 Many of us try to change bad habits quickly， and if we
are not successful straight away， we often become pessimistic and give
up.
我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往
变得悲观，继而放弃。
【用法】
“立刻，马上”的其他表达：
right away； right now； at once； in no time
【佳句】 When he saw the fire， he called 119 straight away.当他看
到大火时，他立即拨打了119。
【写美】 完成句子
Sensing that I was quite embarrassed，my younger brother came to my
assistance .
我弟弟感觉到我相当尴尬，立即过来帮我。
straight away/right away/right now/at once/in no time
after all 毕竟；终究
【教材原句】 After all， it is not easy to break bad habits. 毕竟，戒
除不良习惯并非易事。
【用法】
all in all 总而言之
in all 总共；共计
above all 首先；最重要的是
first of all 首先
at all 根本；全然（常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中加强语气）
【佳句】 ①Why not give him another chance？ After all， everybody
makes mistakes.
为什么不再给他一次机会呢？毕竟，每个人都会犯错。
②Above all， I’d like to thank my family for their unconditional
support.
首先，我要感谢我的家人们无条件的支持。
【写美】 完成下面小语段。
， it is not unusual for many Senior Three students to feel
stressed out before important exams. So you don’t need to worry
. ， it would be a good idea if you could
share your feelings with your friends or teachers. ， follow
the above suggestions and you will find it easy to change your current
terrible situation.
After all
at
all
First of all/Above all
All in all
毕竟，许多高三学生在重要考试前感到焦虑不安是很正常的。所以你
完全不用担心。首先，如果你能和你的朋友或老师分享你的感受，这
将是一个好主意。总之，遵循上面的建议，你会发现改变你目前糟糕
的状况很容易。
decide on 决定；选定
【教材原句】 ...you have to think about your bad habits and decide on
some changes.
……你必须思考自己的不良习惯，选定一些作出改变。
【用法】
【佳句】 ①I am trying to decide on what major I will study at
university， and writing in the hope that you can guide me in my options.
（求助信）
我正在努力决定我将在大学学习什么专业，写信希望您能指导我
的选择。
②Her decision to retire surprised us all.
她决定退休，我们大为惊讶。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Now I have been a senior student and I decided （study）
hard to go to a good university.
②My husband and I decided visiting Cape Cod， a beautiful sea
resort.
to study
on
【写美】 完成句子
③Considering senior high students are worn out，the Students’
Association
to enhance their spirits.
（活动安排）
考虑到高中生们都很疲惫，学生会决定去爬附近的一座山来振奋他们
的精神。
has decided/has made a decision/has arrived at/come
to/reached a decision to climb a nearby hill
重点句型解构
句型公式：状语从句的省略
【教材原句】 These bad habits， if left unchecked， could lead to
more serious ones when they become adults.
如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严
重的有害习惯。
【用法】
when、 while、 before、 after、 unless、 as等引导的状语从句中的主
语与主句主语一致或状语从句中的主语为it时，通常省略从句中的主
语和be动词。
【品悟】 Therefore，I can explain the relevant information about
Chinese painting if necessary.
因此，如果有必要，我可以解释有关中国画的相关信息。
【写美】 完成句子
① ， I thought I would adapt to the new
surroundings as soon as possible.
当我被这所学校录取时，我认为我会尽快适应新环境。
② ， we can definitely keep fit and release
heavy pressure.
如果经常锻炼，我们一定能保持健康，释放沉重的压力。
When admitted to this school
If taking exercise regularly
句型公式：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
【教材原句】 The reward makes us much more likely to continue the
cycle， and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食
这一不良习惯。
【用法】
（1）常用于此结构中的动词还有think、 believe、 find、 consider、
feel等，可以用作宾语补足语的有形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、
动词不定式、分词等。
（2）在“make＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do”结构中，it是形式宾语，
动词不定式是真正的宾语。
【品悟】 You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your
trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile. 如果你想使你的
英国之旅愉快而有价值，你就必须留心观察。
【点津】 make后带动词不定式作宾语补足语时要省略to；但动词不
定式在被动语态中作主语补足语时不能省略to。
【写美】 完成句子/一句多译
①We’ll try our best to .
我们将尽全力使我们的国家越来越美丽。
②I a small gift when we attend a dinner
party.
我认为当我们参加晚宴时带点小礼物是个好主意。
③他经常让他妹妹替他做家务。
→He often the housework for him.
→His sister the housework for him.
make our country more and more beautiful
think it a good idea to bring
makes his sister do
is often made to do
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. Rich extra-curricular activities are available for us to improve
our （身体的） health.
2. Once my parents find my bad behaviour， I will be
（管教） straight away.
physical
disciplined
3. He has a （消极的） attitude towards study in senior
high school and his headteacher tries to persuade him to be buried in
study.
4. He argued that the economic recovery had been （促
进） by his tough power.
5. What she did was an （滥用） of her position as manager.
6. The government imposed a ban on （烟草） advertising.
7. A man of strong will often （支配） others.
8. There are no such things as magic p ， and therefore you should
rely on yourself.
negative
facilitated
abuse
tobacco
dominates
ills
9. Everything will go well， so you needn’t be so p about
your future.
10. Its name has been d from the list of endangered animals， for
the habitat is improving.
essimistic
eleted
维度二：单句语法填空
1. We are looking for someone who is （rely） and hard-
working.
2. Applicants are selected for jobs on the results of a
competitive （examine）.
3. It is a hard job， but at the same time it is a （reward）
job.
4. When I go on a journey， my mother often reminds me
（repeat）.
5. The teacher limited her （compose） to 800 words.
reliable
examination
rewarding
repeatedly
composition
6. You’d better pay attention to their （physics） health as
well as their mental health.
7. They asked him to give a speech， but he made no
（respond）.
8. I’m sorry to hear the column Cartoon will （delete）
from our school English newspaper.
physical
response
be deleted
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. The old man （选定一个日子） to celebrate
our success.
2. It is clear that he is eager to
（做些事情来回报他们的善意）.
3. We had different opinions （当讨论） what to
put into the video.
4. Your contribution will certainly
（使得这次活动获得巨大成功）.
5. I would like to live in a neighbourhood
（绿树环绕），where I can refresh myself after a day’s work.
has decided on a date
do something in reward for their
kindness
when discussing
make the event a huge success
surrounded by green trees
维度四：课文语法填空
As teenagers grow up， they become more independent and start
making their own decisions.However， during this period， it can be easy
for some of them 1. （form） bad habits.These bad habits，
if 2. （leave） unchecked， could lead to more serious ones
when they become adults.3. （change） bad habits is
never easy， even with many attempts.The good news is that we can
change our bad habits if we understand 4.
to form
left
To change
habits work.To facilitate 5. positive change in our bad habits，
we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We
can do this by 6. （combine） the information from our
habit cycles with our own positive ideas.We can also use the habit cycle
7. （create） good habits.Many of us try to change bad
habits quickly， and if we are not successful straight 8. ， we
often become pessimistic and give up.In fact， the most successful way to
change is not suddenly， but over a period of time.To reach the goal of
change， a person must 9.
（repeat） take many small steps.Young people have the
power 10. （build） a happy and healthy life full of good
habits！
how
a
combining
to create
away
repeatedly
to build
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·常州高二下学期质检）When it comes to weight loss， diet
and exercise are usually thought of as the two key factors that will achieve
results.However， sleep is an often-neglected lifestyle factor that also
plays an important role.
The recommended sleep duration for adults is seven to nine hours a
night， but many people often sleep for less than this.Research has shown
that sleeping less than the recommended amount is linked to having greater
body fat， and can also influence how easily you lose weight on a calorie-
controlled diet.
Typically， the goal for weight loss is usually to decrease body fat
while retaining as much muscle mass as possible.Not obtaining the correct
amount of sleep can determine how much fat is lost as well as how much
muscle mass you retain while on a calorie restricted diet.
One study found that sleeping 5.5 hours each night over a two-week
period while on a calorie-restricted diet resulted in less fat loss when
compared to sleeping 8.5 hours each night.But it also resulted in a greater
loss of fat-free mass （including muscle）.
There are several reasons why shorter sleep may be associated with
higher body weight and affect weight loss.These include changes in
appetite and food selection.
Sleep influences two important appetite hormones （荷尔蒙） in our
body — leptin and ghrelin.The former decreases appetite， while the latter
increases appetite.One study found that short sleep was associated with
higher levels of ghrelin and lower levels of leptin.
Along with changes in appetite hormones， reduced sleep has also
been shown to impact on food selection.Researchers have found that the
areas of the brain responsible for reward are more active in response to
food after sleep loss （six nights of only four hours’ sleep） when
compared to people who had good sleep （six nights of nine hours’
sleep）.
This could possibly explain why sleep-deprived people snack more
often and tend to choose carbohydrate-rich foods and sweet-tasting
snacks， compared to those who get enough sleep.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。提到减肥，我们都会想到饮食和锻
炼的作用，可是很少有人想到睡眠这一因素。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。提到减肥，我们都会想到饮食和锻
炼的作用，可是很少有人想到睡眠这一因素。
1. What is often ignored by us according to the author？（ ）
A. The role of sleep.
B. The role of exercise.
C. The necessity of losing weight.
D. The necessity of going on a diet.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，关于减肥，我们都会想
到饮食和锻炼的作用，可是却忽略了睡眠的作用。
2. What will probably happen to us if we don’t get enough sleep？
（ ）
A. We’ll gain some weight.
B. We’ll lose some weight.
C. We’ll increase our muscle.
D. We’ll get some fat-free mass.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二至四段可知，缺乏睡眠不但会导
致我们身体脂肪的增加，而且会导致不含脂肪物质（包括肌肉）的
减少。
3. According to Paragraph 6， a lack of sleep will usually make
us .（ ）
A. eat less B. eat more
C. increase our leptin D. decrease our ghrelin
解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段可知，缺乏睡眠会影响两种跟
食欲有关的荷尔蒙：leptin和ghrelin，前者会减少，后者会增加；而
后者会促进我们的食欲。
4. What will people tend to do after sleep loss？（ ）
A. Take more exercise.
B. Eat unhealthy foods.
C. Choose healthy foods.
D. Change sleeping habits.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后两段可知，缺乏睡眠导致的另一
个结果是我们会更倾向于选择不健康的食物。
B
Scientists have attached the kidney （肾） of a specially grown pig to
a human body and found that it worked without problems.Though much is
still unknown， the news is a huge step forward for tens of thousands of
patients with kidney trouble.
Kidneys are two bean-shaped organs that help keep the body’s
systems in balance.They make sure the blood has the right amount of
water， salt， and acid.Kidneys help clean the blood， removing
unneeded material through urine （pee）.As with other organs like the
heart， lungs， or liver， human life depends on healthy kidneys.
One way to help a patient with kidney trouble is to replace their
kidneys with healthy kidneys.This is called a “transplant （移
植）”.Transplants usually come from people who have died， but who
wanted their organs to be used to help other people live.But there are far
more patients with kidney trouble than there are kidneys.Currently， about
90，000 people are waiting for kidney transplants in the United States
alone.
For years， scientists have tried to figure out how to transplant organs
from other animals into humans.This is hard because the human body
almost always rejects something that isn’t its own.This includes some
transplants from humans.Scientists have tried transplanting organs from
chimpanzees， but this didn’t work very well.
More recently， scientists have focused on transplants from pigs.In
many ways， pigs’ bodies are similar to humans.It’s now common for
doctors to transplant pig heart valves（心脏瓣膜） to repair damaged
human hearts.
But human bodies normally reject other pig organs because they
contain a special chemical called “alpha-gal”.This time， to prevent the
body from rejecting the pig kidney， scientists changed the pig’s DNA
slightly so that it wouldn’t produce alpha-gal.
Last month， a medical team at NYU Langone Health， led by Dr
Robert Montgomery， attached this special pig kidney to a human patient
for the first time ever.Dr Montgomery said the kidney “worked
immediately”.“It was better than I think we even expected，” he said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国科学家尝试将猪的肾移植到人
的体内，结果大获成功。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国科学家尝试将猪的肾移植到人
的体内，结果大获成功。
5. What’s the second paragraph mainly about？（ ）
A. What organs do.
B. How kidneys work.
C. The functions of kidneys.
D. The importance of organs.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第二段可知，本段主要介绍了肾的功
能，包括清理血液，通过尿液排泄废物等。
6. What’s the problem of the patients with kidney trouble？（ ）
A. A lack of kidneys for transplant.
B. High prices of kidney transplants.
C. Great difficulty in performing an operation.
D. People’s prejudice against animals’ organs.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，目前肾病患者面临的问
题是极其缺乏可用来移植的肾。
7. What do we learn about transplanting animals’ organs into humans？
（ ）
A. Pigs were first tried.
B. Pigs are more suitable.
C. Chimpanzees are more ideal.
D. Chimpanzees’ organs have been used.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四、五两段可知，科学家曾尝试将
黑猩猩的器官植入人体，可是都失败了；后来尝试猪的器官，却大
获成功。现在猪的心脏瓣膜已经用于人体。
8. Why did the scientists change the pig’s DNA？（ ）
A. To help it enjoy good health.
B. To help it produce more alpha-gal.
C. To make its kidney similar to that of humans.
D. To make its kidney accepted by the human body.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，科学家之所以改变
猪的DNA，是为了让它不产生alpha-gal，从而它的器官可以被人体
接受。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·浙江四校高二下学期联考）Most of us get distracted with
push notifications， text messages and phone calls. With so much going
on， it can be very difficult to stay focused， but it’s not impossible.
Turn Off Alerts （提醒）
Constant notifications and text messages are every college student’s
enemy. 9.（ ） Close unnecessary tabs on your computer. You can
fight online distractions by blocking or hiding time-wasting websites and
apps.
Break Down Your Work into Smaller Tasks
If you’re having a difficult time studying or getting work done，
break up your time effectively. 10.（ ） Studies show that taking
breaks can help you retain information and increase productivity.
Find the Right Place to Do Work
Some students work best with a little background noise， while others
need complete quiet. 11.（ ） Are you the kind of person who works
better in silence at the library？ Or do you prefer the campus coffee shop
with noise？ Try a few different spaces and see how each study session
works out.
Clear Your Desk
Is your desk covered with stacks of papers？ Is your computer
monitor framed with layers of sticky notes？ 12.（ ） A messy
workspace can keep you from getting your work done. Go through your
desk and keep only the essentials. A clean workspace can help reduce
anxiety and make room for motivation.
Reward Yourself
13. （ ） Setting up a reward system is a good way to encourage
yourself to do something. For example， if you finish an essay without
any distractions， give yourself a reward like watching a TV show or
taking a nap.
A. Everyone likes to be quiet.
B. If so， it’s time to get organised.
C. A little motivation can go a long way.
D. Never put off what you can do today until tomorrow.
E. Put your phone on silent or in “Do Not Disturb” mode.
F. Get to know your work style and the type of atmosphere you prefer.
G. Try giving yourself a 10-minute break for every 45－50 minutes of
work you do.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。这是一个喧嚣吵闹的时代，我们该
如何排除干扰、保持专注呢？
9. E 本段主要告诉我们如何排除来自手机和电脑的干扰，故E项符
合语境。
10. G 下句说明工作或学习期间短暂休息的好处，故G项符合语境。
11. F 上下文说明人们对于工作地点及环境的选择各有偏好，故F项
符合语境。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。这是一个喧嚣吵闹的时代，我们该
如何排除干扰、保持专注呢？
12. B 上文说明办公桌和电脑桌面的凌乱状态，如果是这样，作者
认为我们应该整理一下了。故B项符合语境。
13. C 本段建议我们对自己适当进行奖励，奖励的目的自然是为了
激励，故C项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·济南高二下学期期末）As China’s first ever full-time
Formula One driver， Zhou Guanyu makes a living by doing the sort of
things many people can only dream about： traveling the world and racing
in a fast car.
“I think the only 14 between Formula One and a roller coaster is
that you have to 15 where you’re going， and you have to be at
100% of yourself，” Zhou told CNN.
Zhou has been putting his all into 16 since he was a young boy
growing up in Shanghai.Today， Zhou is 17 to become F1’s answer
to Yao Ming， who is often praised for making basketball 18 in his
home country.
It was back in Shanghai in 2004 that — at just 5 years old —
Zhou 19 Rubens Barrichello win the first ever Chinese Grand Prix on
TV. The moment helped to 20 his interest in racing and has 21
with him ever since， he said.
There was a 22 of Chinese racing role models， so he 23 a
path of his own.A very important moment in his racing life came at age
12， when he 24 Shanghai for Sheffield， in the United Kingdom，
to 25 his development with the Strawberry Racing Karting team.The
move put him on the road to achieve his ambitions.
Zhou is often 26 to the former NBA player Yao Ming， who is
also a sporting hero from Shanghai.“Who knows， maybe in 10 years’
time， I could have the same 27 .And that is my aim 28 ，” he
said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。周冠宇来自中国上海，是世界著名
一级方程式赛车运动员。文章简要介绍了他的成长经历。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。周冠宇来自中国上海，是世界著名
一级方程式赛车运动员。文章简要介绍了他的成长经历。
14. A. problem B. difference
C. difficulty D. importance
解析： 根据空后的between Formula One and a roller coaster可
知，这里周冠宇将两者进行对比，也就是指出差异。
15. A. guess B. control
C. prove D. declare
解析： 对于一级方程式赛车运动员来说，必须控制前进的方
向，过山车则无需自己控制。
16. A. reading B. playing
C. driving D. swimming
解析： 根据上下文可知，周冠宇选择了赛车道路，他从小就
对驾车很投入。
17. A. predicted B. decided
C. requested D. demanded
解析： 由于周冠宇在赛车领域所取得的成绩，人们预测他就
是赛车领域里的姚明。这里的姚明是体育成功人士的代名词。
18. A. simple B. interesting
C. available D. popular
解析： 人们普遍赞誉姚明，他的一大贡献是让篮球运动在中
国更加流行。
19. A. watched B. followed
C. researched D. learned
解析： 根据下文中的on TV可知，周冠宇5岁时在电视上观看
赛车比赛。
20. A. build B. stress
C. develop D. measure
解析： 周冠宇在电视上观看Rubens Barrichello赢得比赛的那一
刻，培养了他对赛车运动的兴趣。
21. A. stayed B. changed
C. grown D. moved
解析： 周冠宇自称，这一兴趣从那时一直保持到现在。
22. A. need B. lack C. role D. loss
解析： 根据下文中的a path of his own可知，中国缺乏赛车领域
的榜样人物。
23. A. received B. imagined
C. composed D. created
解析： 由于在中国没有可以借鉴模仿的榜样，周冠宇开创了
一条自己的发展道路。
24. A. reached B. chose C. left D. forgot
解析： 在12岁那年，周冠宇离开上海去谢菲尔德。
leave ...for ...表示“离开……去……”。
25. A. continue B. discover
C. consider D. attempt
解析： 他去英国的目的是继续他在赛车事业方面的发展。
26. A. matched B. compared
C. adapted D. devoted
解析： 周冠宇经常被人们比作NBA领域的姚明。
compare ...to ...把……比作……
27. A. career B. hobby
C. effect D. result
解析： 周冠宇很自信地认为，他未来会取得跟姚明一样的影
响力。
28. A. normally B. naturally
C. regularly D. definitely
解析： 周冠宇同时很自信地认为，这毫无疑问就是他的奋斗
目标。
谢谢观看！
