Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
维度一：品句填词
1.I screamed and wept bitterly in bed. All that crying finally （释放） my uncontrollable anger.
2.I’m delighted to hear our station will （广播） English programs.
3.As we all know， artificial intelligence is the future （趋势） of science and technology.
4.Millions of tons of plastic are used （遍及全球地） to make water bottles each year.
5.It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air， reducing （碳） emissions.
6.The rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for （燃料）.
7.Has the city carried out the p that bans smoking in public places？
8.When the opportunity comes， please s it without hesitation.
维度二：单句语法填空
1.A lot of improvements will have to be made before the building is （habitat）.
2.The creation of an efficient and （sustain） transport system is critical.
3.The workers were not better organised， otherwise they （accomplish） the task in half the time.
4.They were threatened with （starve） when flood drowned their village.
5.You’d better wear sports clothes that prevent any （restrict） of movement.
6.There is no doubt your professional and profound knowledge of English will benefit the students greatly.
7. （frequent） participating in school activities has helped me develop good communication skills.
8.Thanks to the （policy） of the government and the efforts of the citizens， the city has changed a lot.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. （不仅学生而且老师都在参加竞赛） in the sports event at the moment.
2. （毫无疑问） stress can lead to physical illness.
3.They say they expect the meeting （对……有重大影响） the future of the country.
4.The lost man knows he must look for food， or he will （饿死）.
5.In future we will （把每班人数限制在20以内）.
维度四：课文语法填空
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer. In 2013， many people 1. （shock） by a news photo of a dead polar bear which appeared to have starved and died.Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels 2. （cause） by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before， so it had to travel greater distances 3. （find） food.Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature？Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”， 4. has two common meanings：the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect.The “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become 5. big problem.There is strong and comprehensive evidence 6. the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide.In fact， news reports are 7. （frequent） broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves 8. （cause） deaths and economic losses.Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate.This requires the attention of people all over the world.We as individuals can reduce our “carbon footprint” by 9. （restrict） the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.It is our responsibility 10. （seize） every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·山东六校高二下学期联考）Call it a climate crisis.Emergency.Breakdown.
That’s what the Guardian now recommends in its updated style guide， with an announcement on Friday that those terms are now preferred to “climate change”， a term its editor considered too “passive and gentle” for the reality of the issue.
The announcement opened up a greater dialogue about how the media talks about climate change.
While the Guardian hasn’t given terms like “climate change” or “global warming” a complete ban （“global heating” is now the preferred term）， editor-in-chief Katharine Viner has advised her staff to think twice before using those words.
“We want to ensure that we are being scientifically precise， while also communicating clearly with readers on this very important issue，” Viner told environment editor Damian Carrington.“The phrase ‘climate change’， for example， sounds rather passive and gentle when what scientists are talking about is a catastrophe for humanity.”
The Guardian’s editor has just issued this new guidance to all staff on language to use when writing about climate change and the environment.
The lack of urgency concerns Brad Voracek， a computer science teacher in Phoenix Union High School District.
“I think that trying to communicate the urgency of everything is really important，” Voracek said.“Language is how we communicate everything.Sometimes it’s hard for people to understand science.Everyday language is what people use， so conveying the urgency is really important.”
For 16-year-old Aditi Narayanan， an effective way to talk about the impact of climate change requires more than just the words people use.
Aditi， a junior at BASIS Phoenix High School， was one of the principal organisers of the Arizona Youth Climate Strike.
“A lot of people blame the public for not being conscious，” Aditi said.“But a lot of people just don’t know how climate change affects their community， their own lives， their families and generations to come.They think it’s just a glacier melting in the North Pole.”
1.What’s the Guardian’s purpose of recommending the new terms？（ ）
A.To attract more readers.
B.To achieve financial success.
C.To change people’s concept.
D.To become politically correct.
2.Which of the following terms isn’t advised by the Guardian？（ ）
A.Climate crisis. B.Global warming.
C.Global heating. D.Climate emergency.
3.What did Brad Voracek think of the Guardian’s move？（ ）
A.It was interesting. B.It was meaningful.
C.It didn’t make sense. D.It made no difference.
4.What should be done first according to the last paragraph？（ ）
A.Get rid of air pollution.
B.Find the correct solution.
C.Understand the situation.
D.Raise people’s awareness.
B
We live in an era where we are immersed in information and opinion exchange.However， all this information often does little to change our minds.Therefore， it is more relevant than ever to examine the psychology of human belief.
In his book The Idiot Brain， Dr Dean Burnett describes the human tendency to stubbornly stick to beliefs as “anti-intellectualism”.He explained that this shows the brain’s self preserving bias （偏见）.“The brain focuses on personal interests and refuses to accept anything that will lead to the bad image of self，” Dr Burnett remarks.
In addition， researcher Dr Tali Sharot studies the optimism bias， which keeps people happily unaware of anything that can disturb their emotional survival.Just think about how many people get married thinking that they will never divorce， when the divorce rate in the UK is more than forty percent.
After all， people are not driven by facts alone.And if this is quite difficult to understand， consider that science denialism is a social phenomenon， the most recent example being pandemic deniers.Similarly， some people believe that the Earth is flat while others are skeptical about the climate crisis.
So what influences our belief system？ Dr Sharot suggests that individuals are motivated by fears， hopes， desires or prior beliefs rather than by facts alone.Information has filled our society and we are not so sensitive any more.All that remains important is how information is presented； positive reinforcement （强化） and personal motivation are important if we really decide to support a belief.Negative presentation of hard facts are not always powerful enough to replace well-established principles.For example， studies have shown that people are more likely to exercise when they are informed about the advantages of physical activity rather than when they are warned about health risks.
5.What does self preserving bias lead us to do？（ ）
A.Believe whatever we hear blindly.
B.Reject bad news about ourselves.
C.Spread wrong ideas to other people.
D.Collect all information about ourselves.
6.What do we learn about the optimism bias？（ ）
A.It makes us ignore possible risks.
B.It makes us believe in others easily.
C.It helps us avoid worries in our lives.
D.It helps us solve emotional problems.
7.What message does the author try to convey in Paragraph 4？（ ）
A.Facts aren’t accepted by all.
B.It’s hard to persuade people.
C.Science isn’t popular nowadays.
D.Some people are simply ridiculous.
8.What should we tell a smoker according to the last paragraph？（ ）
A.Smoking is really a waste of money.
B.Quitting smoking won’t be that difficult.
C.Smoking does great harm to your health.
D.Quitting smoking will make you live longer.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·嘉兴高二下学期期末）Fanjingshan， or Mount Fanjingshan， located in Tongren City in southwest China’s Guizhou Province， is the highest peak in China’s Wuling Mountain Range.9.（ ）.
Soaring up with over 8，000 steps， it rewards hikers with bizarre rock formations and above-the-clouds views of China’s Wuling mountain range.10.（ ）， Mount Fanjingshan is definitely the place to visit！
The name “Fanjing” is an abbreviation of Fantian Jingtu， meaning “Brahma’s pure land” in Chinese.But this mountain is considered a sacred mountain in Chinese Buddhism not just because of the long history of Buddhism here but because of the natural phenomenon caused by cloud， fog and light that adds mysterious elements to this place.11.（ ）.It is one of the Five Sacred Buddhist Mountains of China.
Home to over 2，000 species of plants and hundreds of endangered animals， Mount Fanjinshan is a treasure house of plants and wildlife and is dubbed “the gene database” of China.Endemic species such as Guizhou Golden Monkey and Fanjingshan fir have found their home here.It was officially added to the UNESCO Natural Heritage List on 2 July 2018， China’s 53rd UNESCO World Heritage Site.National Geographic has released its “Best Trips in 2019” list with 28 places selected around the world.12.（ ）.
To reach the top， travelers have to walk up more than 8，000 steps or take a cable car ride up from the road below.13.（ ）.The attractions include Red Cloud Golden Peak， Old Golden Summit， Ten-Thousand Sleeping Buddha， Mushroom Stone， Jiulong Pond， Fenghuang Mountain， Numerous Rolls of Books and so on.
A.You’re like living in the middle of the sky
B.If you long for a skywalk above the clouds
C.The weather on the mountain is unpredictable
D.Its highest peak stands at 2，572 meters above sea level
E.As a sacred Buddhist site， Mount Fanjingshan has numerous temples
F.Mount Fanjingshan is the only tourist destination in China to make the list
G.Most travelers would like to spend one full day exploring this extraordinary holy mountain
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·徐州高二下学期期末）When living in Los Angeles， I walked my dog every Sunday morning around a lake near my house.Week after week， I saw the same elderly woman sitting at the edge of the 14 with a small metal cage next to her.
My 15 finally got the best of me and I 16 the woman one day.I noticed that it was 17 a small trap and she had three small turtles in it.In her lap， there was a fourth turtle that she was carefully 18 down with a sponge （海绵块）.I greeted her and asked what she did with these turtles every week.Smiling， she explained that she was cleaning their shells because any seaweed that 19 on a turtle’s shell reduces its 20 to absorb heat and slows down their swimming.
I was 21 as the woman continued，“I do this every Sunday morning， or life-threatening 22 might appear.”“But don’t most turtles live
their 23 lives with seaweed on their shells？” I asked.The woman agreed that was the 24 .I replied，“Well then， you are 25 to do this， but most turtles don’t have people around to help them with this.” The woman laughed as she looked 26 down at the small turtle.“Young man， to the world I may be one person， but to this little turtle I am the world.”
Indeed， though you may not be able to change the world or 27 everyone， you can still make a big 28 in one person’s life.Never choose to not do anything just because you can’t do everything.
14.（ ）A.field B.court
C.water D.cliff
15.（ ）A.pity B.anxiety
C.curiosity D.responsibility
16.（ ）A.inspired B.assisted
C.contacted D.approached
17.（ ）A.naturally B.normally
C.originally D.actually
18.（ ）A.wiping B.turning
C.breaking D.pressing
19.（ ）A.builds up B.brings up
C.sets out D.hands out
20.（ ）A.risk B.cost
C.burden D.ability
21.（ ）A.relieved B.impressed
C.embarrassed D.disappointed
22.（ ）A.types B.places
C.conditions D.movements
23.（ ）A.early B.entire
C.energetic D.extraordinary
24.（ ）A.magic B.reality
C.purpose D.experience
25.（ ）A.significant B.clumsy
C.considerate D.ridiculous
26.（ ）A.gently B.proudly
C.nervously D.strangely
27.（ ）A.know B.love
C.own D.help
28.（ ）A.deal B.difference
C.fortune D.decision
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
基础知识自测
维度一
1.released 2.broadcast 3.trend 4.worldwide 5.carbon
6.fuel 7.policy 8.seize
维度二
1.habitable 2.sustainable 3.would have accomplished
4.starvation 5.restriction 6.that 7.Frequently
8.policies
维度三
1.Not only students but also teachers are competing
2.There is little/no doubt that
3.to have a great impact on
4.starve to death
5.restrict class sizes to 20 students
维度四
1.were shocked 2.caused 3.to find 4.which 5.a
6.that 7.frequently 8.causing 9.restricting 10.to seize
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。英国《卫报》提出，“全球变暖”这一说法不够准确，应该改为“全球变热”。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，《卫报》认为，“气候变化”和“全球变暖”这些词过于被动和温和，因此提议人们采用“气候危机”和“全球变热”等新说法。这一举措显然是在促成人们观念上的改变。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第一、四两段可知，《卫报》不建议使用“全球变暖”这一说法。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第八段可知，Brad Voracek在讲话中高度肯定《卫报》这一举措的意义。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Aditi指出，现在最大的问题是大部分人对于气候变化所带来的影响一无所知。由此判断，提高人们的觉悟和意识是当务之急。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。我们生活在一个被信息与观点包围的世界，可是，要改变我们已有的观念却并不是一件容易的事。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，self preserving bias指一种自我保护的偏见，这种偏见导致我们的大脑会自动排斥那些有损我们形象的负面信息。
6.A 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，optimism bias指一种盲目乐观的偏见，它让我们忽略那些让我们情感不适的因素，盲目地相信坏事不会发生在自己头上。
7.A 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，本段主要告诉我们有些人排斥科学、否定事实；对这些人而言，观念的形成跟客观事实无关。
8.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，在传递有些观念时，负面的威胁不如正面的强化更有效，也就是告知对方一件事能带来的好处。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。梵净山位于贵州省铜仁市，是一座具有2，000多年历史的文化名山，也是我国“五大佛教名山”之一。
9.D 上句提到梵净山是中国武陵山脉的最高峰，D项符合语境，接着说明它的最高峰海拔2，572米。
10.B 上句提到梵净山为游客提供了云层之上的景色，B项符合语境，接着说明这是体验云端漫步的理想目的地。
11.E 下句说梵净山是中国的“五大佛教名山”之一，E项符合语境，说明梵净山有很多寺院。
12.F 上句提到了美国《国家地理》杂志发布的“2019年最佳旅行”榜单，F项符合语境，且F项中的list正好与上句中的list相呼应。
13.G 本段主要介绍游客如何到达梵净山顶部以及山上的景点，因此G项符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在湖边碰到了一位老妇人。这位老妇人教会了作者一个道理：尽管你可能无法改变世界或帮助所有人，但你仍然可以为一个人的生活带来巨大的改变。
14.C 根据文章首句可知，作者每个星期天早上都会带着狗在湖边散步，所以看到的那位老妇人应是坐在水边。
15.C 根据下文finally got the best of me以及语境可知，此处表示好奇心征服了作者。
16.D 根据下文I greeted her and asked what she did with these turtles every week.可知，作者跟那位老妇人打招呼，此处表示作者走近了她。
17.D 根据上文可知，作者很好奇那位老妇人及身边的小金属笼子，此处表示作者走近老妇人发现那个金属笼子实际上是一个小罗网。
18.A 根据下文with a sponge以及cleaning their shells可知，此处表示用海绵块擦拭龟壳。
19.A 根据上下文可知，此处表示海藻建立在海龟壳之上。 build up建立；bring up培养；set out出发；hand out分发。
20.D 根据下文to absorb heat可知，此处表示减少龟吸收热量的能力。
21.B 根据下文可知，听到这位老妇人每个星期天都这么做，作者对她很钦佩。
22.C 根据上文life-threatening以及语境可知，此处表示危及生命的情况。
23.B 根据语境可知，此处表示“一生，一辈子”。
24.B 根据上文The woman agreed that可知，这位老妇人认同作者的话，同意这个是事实。
25.C 根据下文可知，此处表示作者认为这位老妇人很体贴。 significant有重要意义的；clumsy笨拙的；considerate体贴的；ridiculous荒唐的。
26.A 根据上文The woman laughed as可知，这位老妇人应该是温柔地看着小海龟。
27.D 根据上文be able to change the world可知，此处指改变世界或帮助别人。
28.B 根据上文可知，此处表示转折，指你仍然可以为一个人的生活带来巨大的改变。make a difference是固定搭配。
6 / 6Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD’S ATTENTION
We have known about climate change for decades①.[1]There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer （see the graph②）. A warming ocean and atmosphere along with③ melting④ ice and rising sea levels provide evidence⑤ of a dramatic⑥ change in the global climate.
[1]There is little/no doubt that ...毫无疑问……，that 引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。
In 2013， a lot of people were shocked by⑦ a news photo of a dead polar bear [2]that was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. [3]According to⑧ the scientists who found its dead body， all that remained⑨ of the polar bear was “skin and bones”. An expert [4]who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body， the bear appeared [5]to have starved⑩ and died. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels [6]caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before ， so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth’s ecology .
[2]that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词polar bear。
[3]who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词scientists； that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词all， that不能用which代替。
[4]who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词An expert。
[5]动词不定式的完成式，作系动词appeared的表语。
[6]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词levels。
Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature？ [7]Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”， which has two common meanings： the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact [8]that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere， such as methane and carbon dioxide ，trap some of the heat， [9]keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable . Without this process， Earth could not sustain life.However， the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem.When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by [10]burning fossil fuels ， more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature [11]to rise quickly.
[7]called the “greenhouse effect”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词process； which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the “greenhouse effect”。
[8]that引导同位语从句，解释说明the fact的具体内容。
[9]keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable是动词-ing短语作结果状语，warm and habitable是形容词作宾语补足语。
[10]动词-ing短语作介词by的宾语。
[11]动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
[12]There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide ， not only causing serious damage， but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions， this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price [13]to pay. In fact， news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves [14]causing deaths and economic losses .
[12]There is ...evidence是主句；that引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容；not only causing ...和but also costing ...是两个并列的动词-ing短语作结果状语。
[13]动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词price。
[14]动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语extreme rainstorms and heatwaves。
Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate.This requires the attention of people all over the world.[15]Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint ” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide [16]our lifestyles produce. [17]It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming， along with its causes and impacts， because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.So what will you do [18]to help？
[15]to consider ...and measures是动词不定式短语作动词need的宾语；making ...和taking ...是两个并列的动词-ing短语作动词consider的宾语；to reduce ...emissions是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[16]our lifestyles produce是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词carbon dioxide。
[17]句中It作形式主语，动词不定式to seize every opportunity to educate作真正的主语；because引导原因状语从句；affecting all ...为动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰名词issue。
[18]动词不定式作目的状语。
【读文清障】
①for decades几十年
②graph n.图；图表；曲线图
③along with 和……一起
④melt vi.& vt.（使）融化；熔化；软化
⑤provide evidence提供证据
⑥dramatic adj.急剧的；突然的
a dramatic change急剧变化
⑦be shocked by
因……而感到震惊
⑧according to根据；按照
⑨remain v.剩余；遗留
⑩starve vi.& vt.（使）挨饿；饿死
starvation n.饥饿；挨饿；饿死
claim vt.宣称；声称；断言
seal n.海豹
as before像以前那样
alarming adj.令人担忧的；令人惊恐的
alarm vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心n.恐慌；警报
have an impact on＝have an effect on对……有影响
ecology n.生态；生态学
key adj.最重要的；主要的；关键的n.钥匙
refer to指的是；描述；提到；参考
release vt.& n.排放；释放；发布
methane n.甲烷；沼气
carbon n.碳
dioxide n.二氧化物
carbon dioxide二氧化碳
trap vt.使陷入困境；收集；吸收
be trapped in ...被困在……
habitable adj.适合居住的
sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住
sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的
huge amounts of＝a huge amount of大量的；许多的
fossil n.化石
fuel n.燃料；刺激性言行
fossil fuel化石燃料（如煤或石油）
comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的
a comprehensive study
一项全面的研究
comprehensive surveys
综合调查
a comprehensive school
一所综合性学校
worldwide adv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的
trend n.趋势；趋向；动向
frequently adv.频繁地；经常
frequent adj.频繁的；经常发生的
broadcast vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播n.广播节目；电视节目
loss n.损失；遗失；失败
continued adj.继续的；持久的
emission n.排放物；散发物；排放
result in导致
long-lasting adj.持久的；长期的
policy n.政策；方针；原则
as individuals作为个人
footprint n.足迹；（某物所占的）空间量；面积
restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚
restriction n.限制规定；限制法规；约束
responsibility n.责任；职责；义务
It’s one’s responsibility to do sth做某事是某人的责任
seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
seize an opportunity
抓住机会
issue n.重要议题；争论的问题
vt.宣布；公布
【参考译文】
气候变化需要全世界的关注
我们了解气候变化已有数十年之久了。毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖（如图）。海洋和大气变暖，以及冰层融化、海平面上升，都为全球气候急剧变化提供了依据。
2013年，在挪威的北极圈斯瓦尔巴群岛的一个岛上，（人们）发现了一只死亡的北极熊，这张新闻图片令许多人感到震惊。据发现北极熊尸体的科学家说，这只北极熊仅剩“皮包骨”。一位长期研究北极熊的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只北极熊像是饿死的。专家称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，于是它只能长途跋涉去寻找食物。这一令人惊恐的案例反映了气温上升对地球生态造成的影响。
那么，到底是什么导致全球平均地表温度上升呢？气候科学家常常会提到一个关键的气候过程——“温室效应”；它有两个常见的含义：“天然”温室效应和“人造”温室效应。“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。这一热量以更大的波长被释放回大气层。大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体困住了部分热量，从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。如果没有这一过程，地球就无法维系生命。然而，“人造”温室效应现在却成了一个大问题。当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生了大量额外的温室气体，更多的热能被困在大气层中，导致地表温度迅速上升。
确凿、全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且使人丧命。气候学家已发出警告：如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会持续下去，而我们将为此付出更大的代价。事实上，有关极端暴风雨和热浪造成死亡和经济损失的新闻报道已屡见不鲜。
温室气体的持续排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖，并带来持久的变化。这需要全世界人的关注。各国政府需考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施以减少温室气体的排放。作为个人，我们可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖，包括其成因和影响，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。那么，你会做些什么来贡献力量呢？
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
2.What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A.What leads to the “man-made” greenhouse effect.
B.Climate change is serious and needs our attention.
C.Extreme weather causes deaths and economic losses.
D.Measures are needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.The evidence of the global climate change doesn’t include .（ ）
A.warming ocean and atmosphere
B.melting ice and rising sea levels
C.more polar bears and seals
D.extreme rainstorms and heatwaves
2.Why is the “natural” greenhouse effect important and necessary？ （ ）
A.Because it is short-wave radiation.
B.Because it is long-wave radiation.
C.Because it releases more heat.
D.Because it helps Earth to sustain life.
3.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about？（ ）
A.The harm of the rising temperature.
B.The reasons for the rising temperature.
C.The actions to deal with climate change.
D.The consequence of extreme weather.
4.What’s the author’s purpose of writing this text？ （ ）
A.To call for people to donate money.
B.To ask people not to kill polar bears.
C.To appeal to people to care Earth’s ecology.
D.To educate people about global warming.
第三步：品佳句妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the mood of shock.
第四步：抒己见提升思维
1.What do you think governments should do to deal with global warming？
2.What should we as individuals do to help stop global warming？
第五步：辨难句拆分解读
1.Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before， so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.
句式分析 Experts claimed 是 ；that引导宾语从句，作claimed的宾语；该宾语从句中的the bear could not hunt seals as before也是宾语从句，作meant的宾语；caused by climate change是过去分词短语作 ，修饰名词levels；so连接两个 。
自主翻译
2.There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide， not only causing serious damage， but also costing human lives.
句式分析 There is strong and comprehensive evidence是 ；that引导 从句；not only ...but also ...连接两个并列的动词-ing短语作 。
自主翻译
3.Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions，this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.
句式分析 Climate scientists have warned是 ；that引导 从句，作warned的宾语；if引导 从句。
自主翻译
4.It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming， along with its causes and impacts， because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
句式分析 because引导 从句；it是 ，真正的主语是to seize every opportunity ...；affecting all of us on this planet是动词-ing短语作 ，修饰名词issue。
自主翻译
核心词汇集释
starve vi.& vt.（使）挨饿；饿死
【教材原句】 An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body， the bear appeared to have starved and died.
一位长期研究北极熊的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只北极熊像是饿死的。
【用法】
（1）starve for 渴望……；极需……
starve to death 饿死
starve sb to death 使某人饿死
starve to do sth 渴望做某事
（2）starvation n. 饥饿；挨饿；饿死
【佳句】 Penniless and starving， the child stood near the road and begged for a meal， otherwise he would starve to death. （读后续写之动作描写）
这个孩子身无分文又饥肠辘辘，站在路边要饭，否则他就会饿死。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①These people will starve death unless they receive assistance soon.
【写美】 完成句子
②I ， because mastering English means we can see the world through a new window. As a result， I to practise my spoken English， so please accept my application.我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一扇新的窗户看世界。因此，我一直渴望这样一个宝贵的机会来练习我的英语口语，所以请接受我的申请。
release vt.& n.排放；释放；发布
【教材原句】 The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.
这一热量以更大的波长被释放回大气层。
【用法】
（1）release sb （from sth） 释放某人；使某人免除……
release a movie/book/CD 发行一部电影/一本书/一个唱片
（2）a sense of release 解脱感；轻松感
on release 在公映；发行；释放
【佳句】 This is a positive attitude towards life that makes a difference to helping us release stress. （健康生活）
这是一种积极的生活态度，它有助于我们释放压力。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He was released prison after serving two years of a five-year sentence.
【写美】 完成句子
②（2023·1月浙江卷）An activity “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” was launched by our school with the aim of while enjoying our beautiful campus.
为了在享受美丽校园的同时释放沉重的学习压力，我们学校发起了“认识身边的植物”这项活动。
sustain vt. 维持；遭受；承受住
【教材原句】 Without this process， Earth could not sustain life.
如果没有这一过程，地球就无法维系生命。
【用法】
（1）sustain damage/a defeat 遭受损失/遭到失败
（2）sustainable adj. 可以忍受的；合理利用的；可持续的
sustainable development 可持续发展
【佳句】 An international meeting was held with the aim of promoting sustainable development in all countries.
一次国际会议被召开，其目的是促进所有国家的可持续发展。
【练透】 单句语法填空
① （sustain） tourism， which differs from other kinds of tourism， will do no harm to our environment.
【写美】 完成句子
②Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and .
团体运动是提高身体素质和保持健康生活方式最有效的方法之一。
restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚
【教材原句】 We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
作为个人，我们可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。
【用法】
（1）restrict ...to ... 把……限制在……
（2）restriction n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束
restricted adj. 有限的；受限制的
restrictive adj. 限制性的；约束的
【佳句】 ①The number of club members is restricted to ten， so it is difficult to be admitted to the club.
俱乐部成员的数量被限制在10人以内，因此进入这个俱乐部很难。
②There are no restrictions on the amount of money you can withdraw.
你可以提取的金额没有限制。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The swimming club is open to families in the neighbourhood without （restrict）.
【写美】 完成句子
②We should for less than 30 minutes.Only can we learn more efficiently online.
我们应该把玩电脑游戏的时间限制在30分钟以内。只有严格的限制和自律，我们才能更有效地在网上学习。
seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
【教材原句】 It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming， along with its causes and impacts， because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖，包括其成因和影响，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。
【用法】
seize sth from ... 从……抓取/夺取某物
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住一个机会
seize sb by the＋身体部位 抓住某人的……
be seized with 被（强烈的情感、愿望等）影响
seize on/upon 抓住（可利用的事物）；突然
对……大为关注
【佳句】 With those around me staring at me，fear seized me straight away and I couldn’t be resisting trembling.
周围的人都盯着我看，恐惧立刻控制了我，我忍不住颤抖起来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①What made his mother burn with anger was that he seized the rain as an excuse for missing school.
②I was about to fall off the cliff when my father reached out his strong hand and seized me by arm.
【写美】 完成句子
③I will to participate in the activity to enhance my overall ability.
我会抓住这次宝贵的机会参加活动，以提高自己的综合能力。
重点句型解构
句型公式：There is little/no doubt that ...毫无疑问……
【教材原句】 There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer （see the graph）.
毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖（如图）。
【用法】
（1）There is little/no doubt that ...中that引导同位语从句。
（2）doubt用作动词时，在肯定句中后跟if/whether引导的宾语从句；在否定句或疑问句中后跟that引导的宾语从句。
【品悟】 There is little/no doubt that I gained much knowledge on plants and have become interested in them through this meaningful activity.
毫无疑问，通过这次有意义的活动，我获得了许多关于植物的知识，并对它们产生了兴趣。
【写美】 完成句子
① education plays a crucial role in shaping a person’s future.
毫无疑问，教育在塑造一个人的未来方面起着至关重要的作用。
②I doubt advertised in the newspaper.
我怀疑他是否能胜任报纸上登的那个职位。
③I don’t doubt on time.
我不怀疑他能按时完成这个项目。
句型公式：介词（短语）引导虚拟语气
【教材原句】 Without this process， Earth could not sustain life.
如果没有这一过程，地球就无法维系生命。
【用法】
本句中的Without this process是介词短语，相当于条件状语从句，引导虚拟语气。有类似用法的还有with、otherwise、or、but for等。
【品悟】 Without my English teacher’s encouragement and assistance，I would have given up studying English.
如果没有英语老师的鼓励和帮助，我早就放弃学英语了。
【写美】 完成句子
① ， I wouldn’t have realised my dream.
如果没有你一直以来的支持，我就不会实现我的梦想。
②The noise downstairs kept disturbing me， .
楼下的噪音一直干扰我，否则我就写完作文了。
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.（1）warmer and warmer （2）death （3）greenhouse effect
（4）disasters （5）attention
2.B
第二步
1－4 CDAD
第三步
In 2013， a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard.
第四步
1.（1）Governments need to make some policies to reduce energy waste and greenhouse gas emissions.
（2）They should develop more renewable resources and advocate a low-carbon lifestyle.
2.（1）Walk or ride a bike instead of taking a car whenever possible.
（2）Plant more trees and reduce energy consumption.
（3）Turn off the electric equipment when we don’t use it.
（4）Save water and use renewable energy.
第五步
1.主句 后置定语 并列句
专家称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，于是它只能长途跋涉去寻找食物。
2.主句 同位语 结果状语
确凿、全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且使人丧命。
3.主句 宾语 条件状语
气候学家已发出警告：如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会持续下去，而我们将为此付出更大的代价。
4.原因状语 形式主语 后置定语
我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖，包括其成因和影响，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to ②am starving to study English well； have been starving for such a precious opportunity
2.①from ②releasing our heavy study pressure
3.①Sustainable ②sustain a healthy lifestyle
4.①restriction ②restrict ourselves to playing computer games； with strict restrictions and discipline
5.①on/upon ②the
③seize the precious opportunity/chance
重点句型解构
1.①There is little/no doubt that
②whether/if he is qualified for the position
③that he will be able to finish the project
2.①Without/But for your constant support
②otherwise/or I would have finished the composition
11 / 11(共113张PPT)
Section Ⅰ
Reading and Thinking
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD’S
ATTENTION
We have known about climate change for decades①.[1]There is little
doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer （see the graph②）. A
warming ocean and atmosphere along with③ melting④ ice and rising sea
levels provide evidence⑤ of a dramatic⑥ change in the global climate.
[1]There is little/no doubt that ...毫无疑问……，that 引导同位语
从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。
【读文清障】
①for decades几十年
②graph n.图；图表；曲线图
③along with 和……一起
④melt vi.& vt.（使）融化；熔化；软化
⑤provide evidence提供证据
⑥dramatic adj.急剧的；突然的
a dramatic change急剧变化
In 2013， a lot of people were shocked by⑦ a news photo of a dead
polar bear [2]that was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard.
[3]According to⑧ the scientists who found its dead body， all that
remained⑨ of the polar bear was “skin and bones”. An expert [4]who
has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its
dead body， the bear appeared [5]to have starved⑩ and died. Experts
claimed that low sea-ice levels [6]caused by climate change meant the
bear could not hunt seals as before ， so it had to travel greater
distances in order to find food. This alarming case showed how the
increase in temperature had an impact on Earth’s ecology .
[2]that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词polar bear。
[3]who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词scientists； that 引导定语从
句，修饰先行词all， that不能用which代替。
[4]who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词An expert。
[5]动词不定式的完成式，作系动词appeared的表语。
[6]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词levels。
⑦be shocked by
因……而感到震惊
⑧according to根据；按照
⑨remain v.剩余；遗留
⑩starve vi.& vt.（使）挨饿；饿死
starvation n.饥饿；挨饿；饿死
claim vt.宣称；声称；断言
seal n.海豹
as before像以前那样
alarming adj.令人担忧的；令人惊恐的
alarm vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心n.恐慌；警报
have an impact on＝have an effect on对……有影响
ecology n.生态；生态学
Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface
temperature？ [7]Climate scientists often mention a key climate process
called the “greenhouse effect”， which has two common meanings：
the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse
effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact [8]that heat
from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-
wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave
lengths.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere， such as methane and
carbon dioxide ，trap some of the heat， [9]keeping Earth’s
climate warm and habitable .
Without this process， Earth could not sustain life.However， the
“man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem.When
people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by [10]burning
fossil fuels ， more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes
Earth’s surface temperature [11]to rise quickly.
[7]called the “greenhouse effect”是过去分词短语作后置定语，
修饰名词process； which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the
“greenhouse effect”。
[8]that引导同位语从句，解释说明the fact的具体内容。
[9]keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable是动词-ing短语作
结果状语，warm and habitable是形容词作宾语补足语。
[10]动词-ing短语作介词by的宾语。
[11]动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
key adj.最重要的；主要的；关键的n.钥匙
refer to指的是；描述；提到；参考
release vt.& n.排放；释放；发布
methane n.甲烷；沼气
carbon n.碳
dioxide n.二氧化物
carbon dioxide二氧化碳
trap vt.使陷入困境；收集；吸收
be trapped in ...被困在……
habitable adj.适合居住的
sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住
sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的
huge amounts of＝a huge amount of大量的；许多的
fossil n.化石
fuel n.燃料；刺激性言行
fossil fuel化石燃料（如煤或石油）
[12]There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in
temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters
worldwide ， not only causing serious damage， but also costing human
lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate
actions， this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a
higher price [13]to pay. In fact， news reports are frequently broadcast
about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves [14]causing deaths and
economic losses .
[12]There is ...evidence是主句；that引导同位语从句，解释说
明evidence的具体内容；not only causing ...和but also costing ...是两
个并列的动词-ing短语作结果状语。
[13]动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词price。
[14]动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语extreme rainstorms
and heatwaves。
comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的
a comprehensive study一项全面的研究
comprehensive surveys综合调查
a comprehensive school一所综合性学校
worldwide adv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的
trend n.趋势；趋向；动向
frequently adv.频繁地；经常
frequent adj.频繁的；经常发生的
broadcast vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播n.广播节目；电视节目
loss n.损失；遗失；失败
Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further
warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate.This requires the
attention of people all over the world.[15]Governments need to consider
making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions.We as individuals can also reduce our
“carbon footprint ” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide
[16]our lifestyles produce. [17]It is our responsibility to seize every
opportunity to educate everyone about global warming， along with its
causes and impacts， because this is the most serious issue affecting all
of us on this planet.So what will you do [18]to help？
[15]to consider ...and measures是动词不定式短语作动词
need的宾语；making ...和taking ...是两个并列的动词-ing短语
作动词consider的宾语；to reduce ...emissions是动词不定式短
语作目的状语。
[16]our lifestyles produce是省略了关系代词that/which的定
语从句，修饰先行词carbon dioxide。
[17]句中It作形式主语，动词不定式to seize every
opportunity to educate作真正的主语；because引导原因状语从
句；affecting all ...为动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰名词
issue。
[18]动词不定式作目的状语。
continued adj.继续的；持久的
emission n.排放物；散发物；排放
result in导致
long-lasting adj.持久的；长期的
policy n.政策；方针；原则
as individuals作为个人
footprint n.足迹；（某物所占的）空间量；面积
restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚
restriction n.限制规定；限制法规；约束
responsibility n.责任；职责；义务
It’s one’s responsibility to do sth
做某事是某人的责任
seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
seize an opportunity
抓住机会
issue n.重要议题；争论的问题
vt.宣布；公布
【参考译文】
气候变化需要全世界的关注
我们了解气候变化已有数十年之久了。毫无疑问，地球正变得越
来越温暖（如图）。海洋和大气变暖，以及冰层融化、海平面上升，
都为全球气候急剧变化提供了依据。
2013年，在挪威的北极圈斯瓦尔巴群岛的一个岛上，（人们）发
现了一只死亡的北极熊，这张新闻图片令许多人感到震惊。据发现北
极熊尸体的科学家说，这只北极熊仅剩“皮包骨”。一位长期研究北
极熊的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只北极熊像是饿死的。专家称，
气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，
于是它只能长途跋涉去寻找食物。这一令人惊恐的案例反映了气温上
升对地球生态造成的影响。
那么，到底是什么导致全球平均地表温度上升呢？气候科学家常
常会提到一个关键的气候过程——“温室效应”；它有两个常见的含
义：“天然”温室效应和“人造”温室效应。“天然”温室效应指的
是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。这一
热量以更大的波长被释放回大气层。大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室
气体困住了部分热量，从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。如果没
有这一过程，地球就无法维系生命。然而，“人造”温室效应现在却
成了一个大问题。当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生了大量额外的温室气
体，更多的热能被困在大气层中，导致地表温度迅速上升。
确凿、全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害
增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且使人丧命。气候学家已发出警告：如
果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会持续下去，而我们
将为此付出更大的代价。事实上，有关极端暴风雨和热浪造成死亡和
经济损失的新闻报道已屡见不鲜。
温室气体的持续排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖，并带来持久的
变化。这需要全世界人的关注。各国政府需考虑制定政策并采取适当
的行动和措施以减少温室气体的排放。作为个人，我们可以通过限制
生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。我们有责任抓
住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖，包括其成因和影响，因为
这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。那么，你会做些什
么来贡献力量呢？
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
2. What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A. What leads to the “man-made” greenhouse effect.
B. Climate change is serious and needs our attention.
C. Extreme weather causes deaths and economic losses.
D. Measures are needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1. The evidence of the global climate change doesn’t include .
（ ）
A. warming ocean and atmosphere
B. melting ice and rising sea levels
C. more polar bears and seals
D. extreme rainstorms and heatwaves
2. Why is the “natural” greenhouse effect important and necessary？
（ ）
A. Because it is short-wave radiation.
B. Because it is long-wave radiation.
C. Because it releases more heat.
D. Because it helps Earth to sustain life.
3. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about？（ ）
A. The harm of the rising temperature.
B. The reasons for the rising temperature.
C. The actions to deal with climate change.
D. The consequence of extreme weather.
4. What’s the author’s purpose of writing this text？ （ ）
A. To call for people to donate money.
B. To ask people not to kill polar bears.
C. To appeal to people to care Earth’s ecology.
D. To educate people about global warming.
第三步：品佳句妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the mood of
shock.
In 2013， a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar
bear that was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard.
第四步：抒己见提升思维
1. What do you think governments should do to deal with global
warming？
（1）Governments need to make some policies to reduce energy
waste and greenhouse gas emissions.
（2）They should develop more renewable resources and advocate a
low-carbon lifestyle.
2. What should we as individuals do to help stop global warming？
（1）Walk or ride a bike instead of taking a car whenever possible.
（2）Plant more trees and reduce energy consumption.
（3）Turn off the electric equipment when we don’t use it.
（4）Save water and use renewable energy.
第五步：辨难句拆分解读
1. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant
the bear could not hunt seals as before， so it had to travel greater
distances in order to find food.
句式分析 Experts claimed 是 ；that引导宾语从句，作
claimed的宾语；该宾语从句中的the bear could not hunt seals as
before也是宾语从句，作meant的宾语；caused by climate change是
过去分词短语作 ，修饰名词levels；so连接两个
。
自主翻译
主句
后置定语
并
列句
专家称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无
法像以前那样捕食海豹，于是它只能长途跋涉去寻找食物。
2. There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature
has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters
worldwide， not only causing serious damage， but also costing human
lives.
句式分析 There is strong and comprehensive evidence是 ；
that引导 从句；not only ...but also ...连接两个并列的
动词-ing短语作 。
自主翻译
主句
同位语
结果状语
确凿、全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气
和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且使人丧命。
3. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate
actions，this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a
higher price to pay.
句式分析 Climate scientists have warned是 ；that引导
从句，作warned的宾语；if引导 从句。
自主翻译
主句
宾
语
条件状语
气候学家已发出警告：如果我们不采取适当的行
动，这种变暖的趋势可能会持续下去，而我们将为此付出更大
的代价。
4. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone
about global warming， along with its causes and impacts， because
this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
句式分析 because引导 从句；it是 ，真正
的主语是to seize every opportunity ...；affecting all of us on this
planet是动词-ing短语作 ，修饰名词issue。
自主翻译
原因状语
形式主语
后置定语
我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变
暖，包括其成因和影响，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最
严重的问题。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
核心词汇集释
starve vi.& vt.（使）挨饿；饿死
【教材原句】 An expert who has studied polar bears for many years
said that from the position of its dead body， the bear appeared to have
starved and died.
一位长期研究北极熊的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只北极熊像是饿
死的。
【用法】
（1）starve for 渴望……；极需……
starve to death 饿死
starve sb to death 使某人饿死
starve to do sth 渴望做某事
（2）starvation n. 饥饿；挨饿；饿死
【佳句】 Penniless and starving， the child stood near the road and
begged for a meal， otherwise he would starve to death. （读后续写之
动作描写）
这个孩子身无分文又饥肠辘辘，站在路边要饭，否则他就会饿死。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①These people will starve death unless they receive assistance
soon.
to
②I ， because mastering English
means we can see the world through a new window. As a result， I
to practise my spoken
English， so please accept my application.
我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一扇新的窗户看
世界。因此，我一直渴望这样一个宝贵的机会来练习我的英语口语，
所以请接受我的申请。
am starving to study English well
have
been starving for such a precious opportunity
【写美】 完成句子
release vt.& n.排放；释放；发布
【教材原句】 The heat is released back into space at longer wave
lengths.
这一热量以更大的波长被释放回大气层。
【用法】
（1）release sb （from sth） 释放某人；使某人免除……
release a movie/book/CD 发行一部电影/一本书/一个唱片
（2）a sense of release 解脱感；轻松感
on release 在公映；发行；释放
【佳句】 This is a positive attitude towards life that makes a difference
to helping us release stress. （健康生活）
这是一种积极的生活态度，它有助于我们释放压力。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He was released prison after serving two years of a five-year
sentence.
【写美】 完成句子
②（2023·1月浙江卷）An activity “Getting to Know the Plants Around
Us” was launched by our school with the aim of
while enjoying our beautiful campus.
为了在享受美丽校园的同时释放沉重的学习压力，我们学校发起了
“认识身边的植物”这项活动。
from
releasing our heavy
study pressure
sustain vt. 维持；遭受；承受住
【教材原句】 Without this process， Earth could not sustain life.
如果没有这一过程，地球就无法维系生命。
【用法】
（1）sustain damage/a defeat 遭受损失/遭到失败
（2）sustainable adj. 可以忍受的；合理利用的；可持续的
sustainable development 可持续发展
【佳句】 An international meeting was held with the aim of promoting
sustainable development in all countries.
一次国际会议被召开，其目的是促进所有国家的可持续发展。
【练透】 单句语法填空
① （sustain） tourism， which differs from other kinds
of tourism， will do no harm to our environment.
Sustainable
【写美】 完成句子
②Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical
fitness and .
团体运动是提高身体素质和保持健康生活方式最有效的方法之一。
sustain a healthy lifestyle
restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚
【教材原句】 We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon
footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles
produce.
作为个人，我们可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们
的“碳足迹”。
【用法】
（1）restrict ...to ... 把……限制在……
（2）restriction n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束
restricted adj. 有限的；受限制的
restrictive adj. 限制性的；约束的
【佳句】 ①The number of club members is restricted to ten， so it is
difficult to be admitted to the club.
俱乐部成员的数量被限制在10人以内，因此进入这个俱乐部很难。
②There are no restrictions on the amount of money you can withdraw.你
可以提取的金额没有限制。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The swimming club is open to families in the neighbourhood
without （restrict）.
【写美】 完成句子
②We should for less
than 30 minutes.Only can we
learn more efficiently online.
我们应该把玩电脑游戏的时间限制在30分钟以内。只有严格的限制和
自律，我们才能更有效地在网上学习。
restriction
restrict ourselves to playing computer games
with strict restrictions and discipline
seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
【教材原句】 It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to
educate everyone about global warming， along with its causes and
impacts， because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this
planet.
我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖，包括其成因
和影响，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。
【用法】
seize sth from ... 从……抓取/夺取某物
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住一个机会
seize sb by the＋身体部位 抓住某人的……
be seized with 被（强烈的情感、愿望等）影响
seize on/upon 抓住（可利用的事物）；突然 对……大为关注
【佳句】 With those around me staring at me，fear seized me straight
away and I couldn’t be resisting trembling.周围的人都盯着我看，恐惧
立刻控制了我，我忍不住颤抖起来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①What made his mother burn with anger was that he seized
the rain as an excuse for missing school.
②I was about to fall off the cliff when my father reached out his strong
hand and seized me by arm.
【写美】 完成句子
③I will to participate in the
activity to enhance my overall ability.
我会抓住这次宝贵的机会参加活动，以提高自己的综合能力。
on/upon
the
seize the precious opportunity/chance
重点句型解构
句型公式：There is little/no doubt that ...毫无疑问……
【教材原句】 There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and
warmer （see the graph）.
毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖（如图）。
【用法】
（1）There is little/no doubt that ...中that引导同位语从句。
（2）doubt用作动词时，在肯定句中后跟if/whether引导的宾语从句；
在否定句或疑问句中后跟that引导的宾语从句。
【品悟】 There is little/no doubt that I gained much knowledge on
plants and have become interested in them through this meaningful
activity.
毫无疑问，通过这次有意义的活动，我获得了许多关于植物的知识，
并对它们产生了兴趣。
【写美】 完成句子
① education plays a crucial role in shaping
a person’s future.
毫无疑问，教育在塑造一个人的未来方面起着至关重要的作用。
②I doubt advertised in the
newspaper.
我怀疑他是否能胜任报纸上登的那个职位。
③I don’t doubt on time.
我不怀疑他能按时完成这个项目。
There is little/no doubt that
whether/if he is qualified for the position
that he will be able to finish the project
句型公式：介词（短语）引导虚拟语气
【教材原句】 Without this process， Earth could not sustain life.
如果没有这一过程，地球就无法维系生命。
【用法】
本句中的Without this process是介词短语，相当于条件状语从句，引
导虚拟语气。有类似用法的还有with、otherwise、or、but for等。
【品悟】 Without my English teacher’s encouragement and
assistance，I would have given up studying English. 如果没有英语老师
的鼓励和帮助，我早就放弃学英语了。
【写美】 完成句子
① ， I wouldn’t have realised
my dream.
如果没有你一直以来的支持，我就不会实现我的梦想。
②The noise downstairs kept disturbing me，
.
楼下的噪音一直干扰我，否则我就写完作文了。
Without/But for your constant support
otherwise/or I would have
finished the composition
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. I screamed and wept bitterly in bed. All that crying finally
（释放） my uncontrollable anger.
2. I’m delighted to hear our station will （广播） English
programs.
3. As we all know， artificial intelligence is the future （趋
势） of science and technology.
released
broadcast
trend
4. Millions of tons of plastic are used （遍及全球地） to
make water bottles each year.
5. It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air，
reducing （碳） emissions.
6. The rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops
for （燃料）.
7. Has the city carried out the p that bans smoking in public
places？
8. When the opportunity comes， please s it without hesitation.
worldwide
carbon
fuel
olicy
eize
维度二：单句语法填空
1. A lot of improvements will have to be made before the building
is （habitat）.
2. The creation of an efficient and （sustain） transport
system is critical.
3. The workers were not better organised， otherwise they
（accomplish） the task in half the time.
4. They were threatened with （starve） when flood
drowned their village.
habitable
sustainable
would have
accomplished
starvation
5. You’d better wear sports clothes that prevent any
（restrict） of movement.
6. There is no doubt your professional and profound knowledge
of English will benefit the students greatly.
7. （frequent） participating in school activities has
helped me develop good communication skills.
8. Thanks to the （policy） of the government and the
efforts of the citizens， the city has changed a lot.
restriction
that
Frequently
policies
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. （不仅学生而
且老师都在参加竞赛） in the sports event at the moment.
2. （毫无疑问） stress can lead to
physical illness.
3. They say they expect the meeting
（对……有重大影响） the future of the country.
4. The lost man knows he must look for food， or he will
（饿死）.
5. In future we will （把每班人数限
制在20以内）.
Not only students but also teachers are competing
There is little/no doubt that
to have a great impact on
starve to
death
restrict class sizes to 20 students
维度四：课文语法填空
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer. In
2013， many people 1. （shock） by a news photo of a
dead polar bear which appeared to have starved and died.Experts claimed
that low sea-ice levels 2. （cause） by climate change meant
the bear could not hunt seals as before， so it had to travel greater
distances 3.
were shocked
caused
（find） food.Then what is causing the increase in the global
average surface temperature？Climate scientists often mention a key
climate process called the “greenhouse effect”， 4. has two
common meanings：the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-
made” greenhouse effect.The “man-made” greenhouse effect has now
become 5. big problem.There is strong and comprehensive evidence
6. the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme
weather and natural disasters worldwide.In fact， news reports are 7.
to find
which
a
that
（frequent） broadcast about extreme rainstorms and
heatwaves 8. （cause） deaths and economic
losses.Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming
and long-lasting changes to the global climate.This requires the attention
of people all over the world.We as individuals can reduce our “carbon
footprint” by 9. （restrict） the amount of carbon dioxide
our lifestyles produce.It is our responsibility 10. （seize）
every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming.
frequently
causing
restricting
to seize
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·山东六校高二下学期联考）Call it a climate
crisis.Emergency.Breakdown.
That’s what the Guardian now recommends in its updated style
guide， with an announcement on Friday that those terms are now
preferred to “climate change”， a term its editor considered too
“passive and gentle” for the reality of the issue.
The announcement opened up a greater dialogue about how the media
talks about climate change.
While the Guardian hasn’t given terms like “climate change” or
“global warming” a complete ban （“global heating” is now the
preferred term）， editor-in-chief Katharine Viner has advised her staff to
think twice before using those words.
“We want to ensure that we are being scientifically precise， while
also communicating clearly with readers on this very important issue，”
Viner told environment editor Damian Carrington.“The phrase ‘climate
change’， for example， sounds rather passive and gentle when what
scientists are talking about is a catastrophe for humanity.”
The Guardian’s editor has just issued this new guidance to all staff
on language to use when writing about climate change and the
environment.
The lack of urgency concerns Brad Voracek， a computer science
teacher in Phoenix Union High School District.
“I think that trying to communicate the urgency of everything is
really important，” Voracek said.“Language is how we communicate
everything.Sometimes it’s hard for people to understand
science.Everyday language is what people use， so conveying the urgency
is really important.”
For 16-year-old Aditi Narayanan， an effective way to talk about the
impact of climate change requires more than just the words people use.
Aditi， a junior at BASIS Phoenix High School， was one of the
principal organisers of the Arizona Youth Climate Strike.
“A lot of people blame the public for not being conscious，” Aditi
said.“But a lot of people just don’t know how climate change affects
their community， their own lives， their families and generations to
come.They think it’s just a glacier melting in the North Pole.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。英国《卫报》提出，“全球变暖”
这一说法不够准确，应该改为“全球变热”。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。英国《卫报》提出，“全球变暖”
这一说法不够准确，应该改为“全球变热”。
1. What’s the Guardian’s purpose of recommending the new terms？
（ ）
A. To attract more readers.
B. To achieve financial success.
C. To change people’s concept.
D. To become politically correct.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，《卫报》认为，“气候
变化”和“全球变暖”这些词过于被动和温和，因此提议人们采用
“气候危机”和“全球变热”等新说法。这一举措显然是在促成人
们观念上的改变。
2. Which of the following terms isn’t advised by the Guardian？
（ ）
A. Climate crisis. B. Global warming.
C. Global heating. D. Climate emergency.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一、四两段可知，《卫报》不建议
使用“全球变暖”这一说法。
3. What did Brad Voracek think of the Guardian’s move？（ ）
A. It was interesting. B. It was meaningful.
C. It didn’t make sense. D. It made no difference.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第八段可知，Brad Voracek在讲话中高
度肯定《卫报》这一举措的意义。
4. What should be done first according to the last paragraph？（ ）
A. Get rid of air pollution.
B. Find the correct solution.
C. Understand the situation.
D. Raise people’s awareness.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Aditi指出，现在最大
的问题是大部分人对于气候变化所带来的影响一无所知。由此判
断，提高人们的觉悟和意识是当务之急。
B
We live in an era where we are immersed in information and opinion
exchange.However， all this information often does little to change our
minds.Therefore， it is more relevant than ever to examine the psychology
of human belief.
In his book The Idiot Brain， Dr Dean Burnett describes the human
tendency to stubbornly stick to beliefs as “anti-intellectualism”.He
explained that this shows the brain’s self preserving bias （偏
见）.“The brain focuses on personal interests and refuses to accept
anything that will lead to the bad image of self，” Dr Burnett remarks.
In addition， researcher Dr Tali Sharot studies the optimism bias，
which keeps people happily unaware of anything that can disturb their
emotional survival.Just think about how many people get married thinking
that they will never divorce， when the divorce rate in the UK is more than
forty percent.
After all， people are not driven by facts alone.And if this is quite
difficult to understand， consider that science denialism is a social
phenomenon， the most recent example being pandemic
deniers.Similarly， some people believe that the Earth is flat while others
are skeptical about the climate crisis.
So what influences our belief system？ Dr Sharot suggests that
individuals are motivated by fears， hopes， desires or prior beliefs rather
than by facts alone.Information has filled our society and we are not so
sensitive any more.All that remains important is how information is
presented； positive reinforcement （强化） and personal motivation are
important if we really decide to support a belief.Negative presentation of
hard facts are not always powerful enough to replace well-established
principles.For example， studies have shown that people are more likely
to exercise when they are informed about the advantages of physical
activity rather than when they are warned about health risks.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。我们生活在一个被信息与观点包围
的世界，可是，要改变我们已有的观念却并不是一件容易的事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。我们生活在一个被信息与观点包围
的世界，可是，要改变我们已有的观念却并不是一件容易的事。
5. What does self preserving bias lead us to do？（ ）
A. Believe whatever we hear blindly.
B. Reject bad news about ourselves.
C. Spread wrong ideas to other people.
D. Collect all information about ourselves.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，self preserving bias指一
种自我保护的偏见，这种偏见导致我们的大脑会自动排斥那些有损
我们形象的负面信息。
6. What do we learn about the optimism bias？（ ）
A. It makes us ignore possible risks.
B. It makes us believe in others easily.
C. It helps us avoid worries in our lives.
D. It helps us solve emotional problems.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，optimism bias指一种盲
目乐观的偏见，它让我们忽略那些让我们情感不适的因素，盲目地
相信坏事不会发生在自己头上。
7. What message does the author try to convey in Paragraph 4？（ ）
A. Facts aren’t accepted by all.
B. It’s hard to persuade people.
C. Science isn’t popular nowadays.
D. Some people are simply ridiculous.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，本段主要告诉我们有
些人排斥科学、否定事实；对这些人而言，观念的形成跟客观
事实无关。
8. What should we tell a smoker according to the last paragraph？
（ ）
A. Smoking is really a waste of money.
B. Quitting smoking won’t be that difficult.
C. Smoking does great harm to your health.
D. Quitting smoking will make you live longer.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，在传递有些观念时，
负面的威胁不如正面的强化更有效，也就是告知对方一件事能带来
的好处。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·嘉兴高二下学期期末）Fanjingshan， or Mount
Fanjingshan， located in Tongren City in southwest China’s Guizhou
Province， is the highest peak in China’s Wuling Mountain Range.9.
（ ）.
Soaring up with over 8，000 steps， it rewards hikers with bizarre
rock formations and above-the-clouds views of China’s Wuling mountain
range.10.（ ）， Mount Fanjingshan is definitely the place to visit！
The name “Fanjing” is an abbreviation of Fantian Jingtu， meaning
“Brahma’s pure land” in Chinese.But this mountain is considered a
sacred mountain in Chinese Buddhism not just because of the long history
of Buddhism here but because of the natural phenomenon caused by
cloud， fog and light that adds mysterious elements to this place.11.
（ ）.It is one of the Five Sacred Buddhist Mountains of China.
Home to over 2，000 species of plants and hundreds of endangered
animals， Mount Fanjinshan is a treasure house of plants and wildlife and
is dubbed “the gene database” of China.Endemic species such as
Guizhou Golden Monkey and Fanjingshan fir have found their home
here.It was officially added to the UNESCO Natural Heritage List on 2
July 2018， China’s 53rd UNESCO World Heritage Site.National
Geographic has released its “Best Trips in 2019” list with 28 places
selected around the world.12.（ ）.
To reach the top， travelers have to walk up more than 8，000 steps
or take a cable car ride up from the road below.13.（ ）.The
attractions include Red Cloud Golden Peak， Old Golden Summit， Ten-
Thousand Sleeping Buddha， Mushroom Stone， Jiulong Pond，
Fenghuang Mountain， Numerous Rolls of Books and so on.
A. You’re like living in the middle of the sky
B. If you long for a skywalk above the clouds
C. The weather on the mountain is unpredictable
D. Its highest peak stands at 2，572 meters above sea level
E. As a sacred Buddhist site， Mount Fanjingshan has numerous temples
F. Mount Fanjingshan is the only tourist destination in China to make the
list
G. Most travelers would like to spend one full day exploring this
extraordinary holy mountain
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。梵净山位于贵州省铜仁市，是一座
具有2，000多年历史的文化名山，也是我国“五大佛教名山”之
一。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。梵净山位于贵州省铜仁市，是一座
具有2，000多年历史的文化名山，也是我国“五大佛教名山”之
一。
10. B 上句提到梵净山为游客提供了云层之上的景色，B项符合语
境，接着说明这是体验云端漫步的理想目的地。
11. E 下句说梵净山是中国的“五大佛教名山”之一，E项符合语
境，说明梵净山有很多寺院。
12. F 上句提到了美国《国家地理》杂志发布的“2019年最佳旅行”
榜单，F项符合语境，且F项中的list正好与上句中的list相呼应。
13. G 本段主要介绍游客如何到达梵净山顶部以及山上的景点，因
此G项符合语境。
9. D 上句提到梵净山是中国武陵山脉的最高峰，D项符合语境，接
着说明它的最高峰海拔2，572米。
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·徐州高二下学期期末）When living in Los Angeles， I
walked my dog every Sunday morning around a lake near my house.Week
after week， I saw the same elderly woman sitting at the edge of
the 14 with a small metal cage next to her.
My 15 finally got the best of me and I 16 the woman one
day.I noticed that it was 17 a small trap and she had three small
turtles in it.In her lap， there was a fourth turtle that she was
carefully 18 down with a sponge （海绵块）.I greeted her and asked
what she did with these turtles every week.Smiling， she explained that
she was cleaning their shells because any seaweed that 19 on a
turtle’s shell reduces its 20 to absorb heat and slows down their
swimming.
I was 21 as the woman continued，“I do this every Sunday
morning， or life-threatening 22 might appear.”“But don’t most
turtles live their 23 lives with seaweed on their shells？” I
asked.The woman agreed that was the 24 .I replied，“Well then，
you are 25 to do this， but most turtles don’t have people around to
help them with this.” The woman laughed as she looked 26 down at
the small turtle.“Young man， to the world I may be one person， but to
this little turtle I am the world.”
Indeed， though you may not be able to change the world or 27
everyone， you can still make a big 28 in one person’s life.Never
choose to not do anything just because you can’t do everything.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在湖边碰到了一位老妇
人。这位老妇人教会了作者一个道理：尽管你可能无法改变世界或
帮助所有人，但你仍然可以为一个人的生活带来巨大的改变。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在湖边碰到了一位老妇
人。这位老妇人教会了作者一个道理：尽管你可能无法改变世界或
帮助所有人，但你仍然可以为一个人的生活带来巨大的改变。
14. A. field B. court C. water D. cliff
解析： 根据文章首句可知，作者每个星期天早上都会带着狗
在湖边散步，所以看到的那位老妇人应是坐在水边。
15. A. pity B. anxiety
C. curiosity D. responsibility
解析： 根据下文finally got the best of me以及语境可知，此处
表示好奇心征服了作者。
16. A. inspired B. assisted
C. contacted D. approached
解析： 根据下文I greeted her and asked what she did with these
turtles every week.可知，作者跟那位老妇人打招呼，此处表示作
者走近了她。
17. A. naturally B. normally
C. originally D. actually
解析： 根据上文可知，作者很好奇那位老妇人及身边的小金
属笼子，此处表示作者走近老妇人发现那个金属笼子实际上是一
个小罗网。
18. A. wiping B. turning
C. breaking D. pressing
解析： 根据下文with a sponge以及cleaning their shells可知，此
处表示用海绵块擦拭龟壳。
19. A. builds up B. brings up
C. sets out D. hands out
解析： 根据上下文可知，此处表示海藻建立在海龟壳之上。
build up建立；bring up培养；set out出发；hand out分发。
20. A. risk B. cost C. burden D. ability
解析： 根据下文to absorb heat可知，此处表示减少龟吸收热量
的能力。
21. A. relieved B. impressed
C. embarrassed D. disappointed
解析： 根据下文可知，听到这位老妇人每个星期天都这么
做，作者对她很钦佩。
22. A. types B. places
C. conditions D. movements
解析： 根据上文life-threatening以及语境可知，此处表示危及
生命的情况。
23. A. early B. entire
C. energetic D. extraordinary
解析： 根据语境可知，此处表示“一生，一辈子”。
24. A. magic B. reality
C. purpose D. experience
解析： 根据上文The woman agreed that可知，这位老妇人认同
作者的话，同意这个是事实。
25. A. significant B. clumsy
C. considerate D. ridiculous
解析： 根据下文可知，此处表示作者认为这位老妇人很体
贴。 significant有重要意义的；clumsy笨拙的；considerate体贴
的；ridiculous荒唐的。
26. A. gently B. proudly
C. nervously D. strangely
解析： 根据上文The woman laughed as可知，这位老妇人应该
是温柔地看着小海龟。
27. A. know B. love C. own D. help
解析： 根据上文be able to change the world可知，此处指改变
世界或帮助别人。
28. A. deal B. difference
C. fortune D. decision
解析： 根据上文可知，此处表示转折，指你仍然可以为一个
人的生活带来巨大的改变。make a difference是固定搭配。
谢谢观看！
