Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
维度一：基础题型练
1.He （wait） for two weeks. He was still waiting.
2.We （advertise） in all the local papers for a nurse-companion， but with no result to date.
3.I （read） research studies on self-monitoring for 20 years， and I’ve conducted some myself.
4.The two friends （chat） on the Internet for three hours， and they will go on till next morning.
5.Over the past three years， I （get） along well with my classmates and teachers.
6.Recently our school （call） on us to take exercise for our physical and mental health.
7.Our players （practice） hard whenever possible since our football team was organised.
8.We were told that you’re an expert on English drama and （do） research in this field for many years.
9.All the staff of the company， who （work） extra hours these days， hope to finish the project as scheduled.
10.Thanks to the reading club， I （know） many friends who share the same interest with me.
11.I （write） a report about the environment here over the last few days， which I have to hand in next week.
12.I am sorry to hear that you （put） on weight recently and you are upset about it.
维度二：语法与写作
1.你的衣服全湿透了，我想你整天都在跑来跑去吧。
2.你看起来又瘦又累，最近你工作一定很辛苦吧。
3.这个女孩丢了钥匙，她到处找都找不到。
4.最近我一直在从报纸上看有关流行病的资料。
5.这本书我已经读了两个小时，但我还没读完。
6.在过去的几十年里，由于全球变暖，北极的海冰一直在减少。
7.我找工作已经三个月了，这是我第一次正式面试。
8.写作时，你要运用所学过的知识来写出正确的句子。
9.他一直盼望着下周趁他父母去度假时参观美术馆。
10.这个女孩对运动很感兴趣，在过去的三年里，她每周上两次羽毛球课。
维度三：语法与语篇
运用现在完成时和现在完成进行时完成下面短文。
I 1. （一直努力学习） for the College Entrance Examination since I became a Senior Three student.Our headteacher 2. （一直努力付出） to build a great learning atmosphere， which has helped us focus on our study.Also， I 3. （一直相处很好） with my classmates and teachers.I want to be a doctor， which I 4. （一直梦想的） these years.Now I am under great pressure.But fortunately， my parents 5. （一直支持我）， and I also have great confidence in myself and my future.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·浙江四校高二下学期联考）When Jessika Kattah was put in a wheelchair， she knew she wouldn’t be able to walk again.
But she could still fly.
Kattah and other disabled people have found a home once a month at iFly， an indoor skydiving center in Davie，US.Every second Thursday of the month， iFly hosts All Abilities Night， at which individuals with physical challenges can safely try the free-fall simulation （模拟） in a giant wind tunnel.
And if you’re thinking that floating in a giant wind tunnel is nothing like jumping out of an airplane， Kattah is happy to tell you that you’re wrong.
“You definitely get that feeling of flying，” said Kattah， who did skydiving twice.“But the fact that I’m able to get out of my chair makes it so great.You forget about your disability； you’re just like everybody else.”
The experience is safe and almost anyone can participate.Few people come out without a big smile on their face， and there will be applause from the people sitting in the observation area.
Chuck Petscher， who is blind， had never been the type of person to try anything risky.But recently he decided to give indoor skydiving a shot.“I’ll do this， but I’m not jumping out of an airplane，” he joked.
“When you’re disabled， you usually have to do things in a different way from everybody else，” he said.“Here， you’re doing what everybody else is doing.That’s what turned me on to it.”
This is also why Kattah has started sharing her experiences on a blog.She wants to send a message to people like her that even though they may feel restricted by their disability， they can always do something they never thought they’d be able to do.
“If you want to do something， just do it.Don’t let fear guide you.In the end， you’re going to be so happy you did it，” she says.
1.What’s special about All Abilities Night？（ ）
A.One can travel on an airplane.
B.One can jump out of an airplane.
C.It takes place four times a month.
D.It offers special service for the disabled.
2.After experiencing skydiving， most people will .（ ）
A.feel regretful
B.feel frightened
C.get a sense of achievement
D.get a sense of responsibility
3.Why did Chuck Petscher try indoor skydiving？（ ）
A.He wanted to be appreciated.
B.He liked showing off in public.
C.He could be treated as equals.
D.He was interested in adventures.
4.Why does Kattah share her experience on her blog？（ ）
A.To share her joy and excitement.
B.To promote the skydiving center.
C.To offer some suggestions for the disabled.
D.To encourage others to challenge themselves.
B
（2024·聊城高二下学期期末）A good friend was complaining about her son who spent money way too freely and without concern， putting himself into debt on multiple credit cards. At the suggestion that perhaps it would help him to make it harder to use credit （by canceling some cards or locking them away）， she angrily said， “But he should be able to control himself without these tricks. He should have the willpower to just not spend money.”
This reaction demonstrates a popular belief that self-control is synonymous （同义的） with willpower — controlling desires with pure force of will. By contrast， current psychological thinking suggests that there are many actions and thoughts people can take to direct their choices without having to resort to the strength of will. These self-control strategies can make goal-oriented choices easier and temptation-oriented choices less likely.
For example， one might avoid tempting situations altogether， make some choices more accessible （for example， by leaving credit cards at home and bringing only limited amounts of cash）， focus attention strategically （for example， looking at the price tag rather than the specs of a product）， or remind oneself of one’s goals when faced with temptations （for example， by writing them down and bringing the piece of paper along）. Self-control strategies help people to stay on track with their goals and resist temptations.
However， do people feel — like my friend — that using strategies is a “trick”， whereas willpower is the “real deal”？ What do people think of a person who is using self-control strategies？
According to our studies， participants consistently rated people who were described as using strategies as lower in self-control than people who were described as using willpower. Diminishing strategies as “tricks” was linked to less willingness to use self-control strategies in our studies.
My friend might be more open to “tricks” that help her son limit his spending as the understanding of what self-control means changes. Self-control strategies are an important part of realising goals and resisting temptations. Self-control does not have to be hard. It can also mean arranging the world and one’s mind to make good choices more likely.
5.What was the problem with the author’s friend？（ ）
A.She fell into financial trouble.
B.She needed more credit cards.
C.Her son was heavily in debt.
D.Her son lacked discipline at school.
6.What do many people focus on when speaking of self-control？（ ）
A.A strong will. B.A great ambition.
C.Some specific goals. D.Some practical tricks.
7.Why does the author give some examples in Paragraph 3？（ ）
A.To show there are many tempting situations.
B.To show self-control strategies are effective.
C.To prove it isn’t difficult to resist temptations.
D.To prove we are faced with many temptations.
8.What does the underlined word “Diminishing” in Paragraph 5 mean？（ ）
A.Reducing in value.
B.Changing in position.
C.Improving in popularity.
D.Increasing in importance.
Ⅱ.完形填空
In the town of Norwich， England， there is a bookshop called Bookbugs and Dragon Tales.It opened in 2019 — just months before the pandemic 9 .The bookshop’s owners， Dan and Leanne Fridd， 10 to keep the shop open for two years before they decided they needed some 11 ， so they started crowdfunding （众筹）.
When they saw someone had donated￡5，000 they were 12 .“And we checked the name， and I sort of was like，‘Russell Crowe？ No， it can’t be Russell Crowe.’” Leanne told CBS News.
Now， they’re 13 it is the real Russell Crowe — a famous actor.Dan and Leanne said the 14 helped spread the word about their shop.“People wanted to come in and the press were 15 and we were on Australian breakfast television，” Leanne said.
They may never know why Crowe 16 their business， but perhaps it’s because the couple uses their 17 to help the community in many ways.They chose to 18 free books to kids in need.Last year， 30 kids got their books.They said the 19 why they used the donation money so selflessly is simple.
“Someone took a 20 on us，” Leanne said.“They saw the 21 in us and we get to pay that forward through the shop by really 22 other people.”
Have you ever done anything to “pay it forward”？ Next time when someone does something good for you， instead of paying that person back 23 ， please pass it on to someone else instead.
9.（ ）A.exposed B.struck
C.presented D.emerged
10.（ ）A.intended B.attempted
C.managed D.required
11.（ ）A.help B.service
C.favour D.honour
12.（ ）A.worried B.shocked
C.confused D.moved
13.（ ）A.curious B.doubtful
C.hopeful D.certain
14.（ ）A.advice B.experience
C.donation D.honour
15.（ ）A.excited B.amazed
C.interested D.disappointed
16.（ ）A.chose B.found
C.respected D.praised
17.（ ）A.house B.bookshop
C.space D.supermarket
18.（ ）A.take out B.make up
C.turn down D.give away
19.（ ）A.concept B.reason
C.project D.decision
20.（ ）A.chance B.moment
C.mission D.contest
21.（ ）A.strength B.energy
C.promise D.potential
22.（ ）A.making for B.believing in
C.turning to D.going through
23.（ ）A.frequently B.instantly
C.directly D.gradually
Ⅲ.语法填空
（2024·西安高二下学期期末）According to the American Institute of Stress， about 83% of American workers suffer from work-related stress. Some of this stress can lead to more complex 24. （problem）， such as depression and anxiety.
If 25. （leave） untreated， it can develop into physical and mental illnesses that can prevent you from living your best life.
Anxiety is your body’s natural response 26. stress. When you’re faced with situations 27. are new and unfamiliar， normal feelings of fear may arise.
Because symptoms of work anxiety 28. （be） very physically-based， it becomes difficult 29. （stay） on task when working. Your body begins redirecting the mind away from what it’s supposed to be working on and into the worries trying to win your attention.
When experiencing work anxiety， you may have trouble 30. （concentrate） on your work， even when you’re motivated to do so. You may also jump from one task to another 31. have a hard time settling down to see one project through to completion.
Now that we know what work anxiety is and how it 32. （present） itself， we can dig into how to stop it from making us miserable at work. 33. （fortunate）， for many of us， the idea of a work-life balance is no longer a taboo subject.
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.had been waiting 2.have been advertising 3.have been reading 4.have been chatting 5.have been getting
6.has been calling 7.have been practicing 8.have been doing
9.have been working 10.have known 11.have been writing
12.have been putting
维度二
1.Your clothes are wet all over. You have been running all day long， I think.
2.You look thin and tired.You have been working too hard recently.
3.The girl has lost her keys.She can’t find them anywhere.
4.I have been reading the materials about the pandemic from the newspaper recently.
5.I have been reading this book for two hours， but I haven’t finished it.
6.Over the past decades， sea ice has been decreasing in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
7.I have been looking for a job for three months， and this is my first formal interview.
8.When writing， try to make use of what you have learnt to make the sentences correct.
9.He has been looking forward to visiting the art gallery next week while his parents are on holiday.
10.The girl has a great interest in sport and has been taking badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
维度三
1.have been studying hard
2.has been making great efforts
3.have been getting along well
4.have been dreaming of
5.have been supporting me
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Jessika Kattah虽然身体残疾，却敢于参加模拟跳伞运动。她通过自己的经历，鼓励人们要勇于挑战自我。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，All Abilities Night这一活动是室内进行的模拟跳伞活动，每个月的第二个星期四进行，专门为残疾人提供特殊服务。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第六段可知，大部分人出来后都是面带笑容，同时获得热烈的掌声。由此判断，大多数人都获得一种成就感。
3.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，Chuck Petscher认为，这一活动最吸引他的地方，是他能够像正常人一样被对待。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，Kattah之所以分享自己的经历，主要是鼓励残疾人不要被身体和恐惧所束缚，应该去大胆尝试和冒险。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。提到自控，人们通常会强调意志力的重要性；可是，心理学家认为，采取一些有助于我们抵制诱惑的技巧也非常重要。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，作者的这位朋友遇到的问题是：她的儿子由于缺乏自控、花钱无度，因此陷入信用卡债务。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，提到自控，人们普遍认为自控与意志力是同义词——即用纯粹的意志力控制个人欲望。
7.B 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，作者通过举例说明，自控策略可以帮助人们坚持自己的目标，抵制诱惑。最后一句是对本段大意的总结。
8.A 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，作者所从事的研究表明，研究对象普遍认为，比起那些单纯利用意志力的人，那些借助策略的人自控能力更低；另外，很多研究对象也不愿采用这些策略。这说明他们“看不起”这些自控策略，也就是“贬低”它们。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Dan和Leanne Fridd夫妇在英格兰开着一家书店。当收到一笔5，000英镑的捐赠时，他们选择用这些钱购书捐赠给贫困学生。
9.B 这里交代时间背景：当流行病发生时。strike 表示“（指灾难、疾病等）侵袭，降临”。
10.C Dan和Leanne Fridd夫妇努力设法让书店正常运营了两年。manage to do sth表示“设法做成某事”。
11.A 根据下文中的they started crowdfunding可知，他们的书店经营困难，需要帮助。
12.B 根据下文可知，Dan和Leanne Fridd夫妇看到这笔5，000英镑的捐赠时非常吃惊。
13.D 刚开始他们怀疑捐赠者的身份，现在他们确信他就是著名演员Russell Crowe。
14.C 由于是一位明星捐款，因此这笔捐赠使得该书店出名。
15.C 该书店出名后，自然是顾客络绎不绝，新闻媒体也对它很感兴趣。
16.A Dan和Leanne Fridd夫妇不知道为什么著名演员Russell Crowe会选择为他们书店捐赠。
17.B 根据上下文可知，Dan和Leanne Fridd夫妇经常通过他们的书店做一些公益活动，服务当地的社区。
18.D 根据下文中的30 kids got their books可知，Dan和Leanne Fridd夫妇选择给有需要的孩子赠送图书。
19.B 根据下文可知，这里Dan和Leanne Fridd夫妇在解释他们选择捐赠图书的原因。
20.A 在Leanne看来，好心人将钱捐赠给他们也是一种冒险。也就是说，如果他们是好人，这些筹来的钱将会用来帮助更多人。take a chance on表示“冒险；碰运气”。
21.D 由于Dan和Leanne Fridd夫妇平时一贯做公益，所以参与众筹的人看到了他们身上的（服务大众的）潜力。
22.B Dan和Leanne Fridd夫妇在行善做公益时，自然要选择他们相信的对象。
23.C 文章最后一段解释了pay it forward的具体含义：当你成为某一善行的受益者时，不是去直接感恩回报该善行的发出者，而是用你的行动，将善意传递给其他人。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究显示，美国83%的员工面临工作带来的压力。这些压力可能会导致人们产生各种心理问题。
24.problems 根据后面的such as depression and anxiety可知，这里应用复数形式。
25.left 这里If left untreated是If it is left untreated的省略形式，意为“如果放任不管”。
26.to response to ...是固定搭配，表示“对……的反应”。
27.that/which 前面的situations是先行词，这里应用关系代词that或which引导一个定语从句。
28.are 本句主语为symptoms，因此这里用系动词are。
29.to stay 本句中it为形式主语，这里应用动词不定式作真正主语。
30.concentrating have trouble/difficulty （in） doing sth是一个固定表达，表示“做某事有困难”。
31.and/or 这里jump from one task to another与have a hard time ...是两个并列的谓语，故填and/or。
32.presents 根据上下文可知，这里应用一般现在时，故填presents。
33.Fortunately 这里需要一个副词来修饰整个句子，故填Fortunately。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
现在完成进行时
①Indeed， thanks to the good ideas of lots of people， many people around the world have been enjoying city centre streets without cars for many years.
②He has been fighting with a friend recently.
③I have been looking for a job for three months.
④I have been writing letters all this evening and I’ve just finished them.
⑤You haven’t been doing your homework those days.
⑥Too much has been happening today.
【我的发现】
1.现在完成进行时的构成：肯定形式 （句①②③④⑥）；否定形式 （句⑤）。
2.现在完成进行时表示动作开始于过去，并一直持续到现在，动作有可能继续进行下去，也可能 （句④）。
3.现在完成进行时也可以 （句⑥）。
一、概念
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。
二、结构
1.肯定形式：have/has＋been doing （第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have）
I have been waiting for you here.
我一直在这里等你。
2.否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doing
He has not been giving enough attention to the safety of production， which may cause great crisis.
他一直未给予安全生产足够的关注，这或许会造成巨大的危机。
3.疑问句：
Have/Has＋subject＋been＋present participle？
疑问词＋have/has＋subject＋been＋present participle？
Have you been making every effort to prepare for the important examination recently？
你最近一直在努力为这场重要的考试做准备吗？
三、用法
1.表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，可能还要继续下去，通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点（或从句）”的时间状语连用。
It has been snowing for three hours.
雪已经下了三个小时了。（从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在还在下）
2.表示刚刚结束的动作，这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。
—Sorry！ I’m late.How long have you been waiting for me？
—We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
——很抱歉，我迟到了。你们等了我多长时间了？
——我们已经等你半个小时了。
3.强调动作延续时间的长久或带感彩。
She has been saying that twenty times.
那话她已经说了二十遍了。
4.表示这段时间反复发生的事情。
I have been visiting some cities of China this month.
这个月我一直在访问中国的一些城市。
四、不能用现在完成进行时的情况
1.某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时，只能用现在完成时，如hear、 know、 have、 like、 be等。
他已经感冒两个星期了。
（×）He has been having a cold for two weeks.
（√）He has had a cold for two weeks.
2.不具有延续意义的动词，如finish、 come、 go、 marry等，也不能用于现在完成进行时。
【即时演练1】 完成句子
①She recently.
最近她工作一直很努力。
②Her eyes are red.It’s obvious that she for a long time.
她的眼睛红红的，显然她哭了很长时间。
③It since last Sunday.
从上星期天开始就一直在下雪。
④Your clothes are covered with dust.You ， I think.
你的衣服满是灰尘，我想你一直在打扫教室吧。
⑤My sister since 2016.
自从2016年以来，我姐姐一直在学英语。
五、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
时态 用法 现在完成 进行时 现在完 成时
强调过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果 √
强调动作的延续性 √
强调动作重复 √
表达生动，含有感彩 √
说明一个事实、一种影响或结果 √
I have been reading this book for two hours.
这本书我已经读了两个小时了。（延续性）
I have read this book.
我看过这本书。（影响及结果）
She has always been working like that.
她一直都是那样工作的。（赞许或批评）
We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently.
最近我们经常见面。（动作重复）
The students have prepared for the exam.
学生们已为考试做了准备。（陈述事实）
【即时演练2】 用所给词的适当形式填空
①Although many measures （take）， the world’s economy is still going down.
②To start with， people （cut） down trees to build houses， causing some animals to lose their habitats.
③I （clean） the windows since this morning.
④All of us （make） great progress in English due to our hard work.
⑤The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he （play） in the mud all the morning.
⑥By the time he realises he （walk） into a trap， it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.
cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的
【教材原句】 Life was cruel to Oliver when he was young.
奥利弗小时候，生活对他很残酷。
【用法】
（1）be cruel to 对……残忍
be cruel to be kind 为使其受益而严格要求
（2）cruelly adv. 残忍地；残酷地
cruelty n. 残忍；残酷
【佳句】 Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is cruel to animals.
有些人选择不吃肉，因为他们认为吃肉对动物太残忍了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The tramp had been （cruel） treated before she adopted him.
【写美】 完成句子
②We human beings ， some of which have died out. （发言稿）
我们人类对野生动物太残忍了，有些野生动物已经灭绝了。
unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地
【教材原句】 Unfortunately，his application was turned down because he was too young and not qualified enough. 不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻，资质不够。
【用法】
unfortunate adj. 不幸的
fortunate adj. 幸运的
fortunately adv. 幸运地
fortune n. 机遇；运气；大笔钱，巨款
【佳句】 ①Unfortunately， he submitted himself to the temporary difficulty and he didn’t achieve his goal.不幸的是，他屈服于暂时的困难，没有实现他的目标。
②We had to eat out all the time. It ended up costing a fortune.
我们不得不总在外面吃饭，结果花了很多钱。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The young man resolved to seek his （fortunate） in that city， but in vain.
②I was late，but （fortune） the meeting hadn’t started.
【写美】 完成句子
③ to serve as a volunteer in the activity.
我很幸运有这样一次宝贵的机会在活动中担任志愿者。
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.have/has been doing； have/has not been doing
2.刚刚结束 3.带有某种感彩
即时演练1
①has always been working hard ②has been crying
③has been snowing ④have been cleaning the classroom
⑤has been learning English
即时演练2
①have been taken ②have been cutting
③have been cleaning ④have made
⑤has been playing ⑥has walked
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①cruelly ②are cruel to wildlife
2.①fortune ②fortunately ③I am fortunate to have such a precious opportunity/chance
4 / 4(共72张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Learning About Language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
现在完成进行时
①Indeed， thanks to the good ideas of lots of people， many people
around the world have been enjoying city centre streets without cars for
many years.
②He has been fighting with a friend recently.
③I have been looking for a job for three months.
④I have been writing letters all this evening and I’ve just finished
them.
⑤You haven’t been doing your homework those days.
⑥Too much has been happening today.
【我的发现】
1. 现在完成进行时的构成：肯定形式 （句①
②③④⑥）；否定形式 （句⑤）。
2. 现在完成进行时表示动作开始于过去，并一直持续到现在，动作有
可能继续进行下去，也可能 （句④）。
3. 现在完成进行时也可以 （句⑥）。
have/has been doing
have/has not been doing
刚刚结束
带有某种感彩
一、概念
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现
在，可能还要继续进行下去。
二、结构
1. 肯定形式：have/has＋been doing （第三人称单数用has，其他人称
用have）
I have been waiting for you here.
我一直在这里等你。
2. 否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doing
He has not been giving enough attention to the safety of production，
which may cause great crisis.
他一直未给予安全生产足够的关注，这或许会造成巨大的危机。
3. 疑问句：
Have/Has＋subject＋been＋present participle？
疑问词＋have/has＋subject＋been＋present participle？
Have you been making every effort to prepare for the important
examination recently？
你最近一直在努力为这场重要的考试做准备吗？
三、用法
1. 表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，可能还
要继续下去，通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点（或从
句）”的时间状语连用。
It has been snowing for three hours.
雪已经下了三个小时了。（从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在
还在下）
2. 表示刚刚结束的动作，这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。
—Sorry！ I’m late.How long have you been waiting for me？
—We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
——很抱歉，我迟到了。你们等了我多长时间了？
——我们已经等你半个小时了。
3. 强调动作延续时间的长久或带感彩。
She has been saying that twenty times.
那话她已经说了二十遍了。
4. 表示这段时间反复发生的事情。
I have been visiting some cities of China this month.
这个月我一直在访问中国的一些城市。
四、不能用现在完成进行时的情况
1. 某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时，只能
用现在完成时，如hear、 know、 have、 like、 be等。
他已经感冒两个星期了。
（ × ）He has been having a cold for two weeks.
（ √ ）He has had a cold for two weeks.
2. 不具有延续意义的动词，如finish、 come、 go、 marry等，也不能
用于现在完成进行时。
×
√
【即时演练1】 完成句子
①She recently.
最近她工作一直很努力。
②Her eyes are red.It’s obvious that she for a long
time.
她的眼睛红红的，显然她哭了很长时间。
③It since last Sunday.
从上星期天开始就一直在下雪。
has always been working hard
has been crying
has been snowing
④Your clothes are covered with dust.You
， I think.
你的衣服满是灰尘，我想你一直在打扫教室吧。
⑤My sister since 2016.
自从2016年以来，我姐姐一直在学英语。
have been cleaning the
classroom
has been learning English
五、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
时态 用法 现在完成进
行时 现在完成时
强调过去的动作对现在的影响或产生
的结果 √
强调动作的延续性 √
强调动作重复 √
表达生动，含有感彩 √
说明一个事实、一种影响或结果 √
I have been reading this book for two hours.
这本书我已经读了两个小时了。（延续性）
I have read this book.
我看过这本书。（影响及结果）
She has always been working like that.
她一直都是那样工作的。（赞许或批评）
We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently.
最近我们经常见面。（动作重复）
The students have prepared for the exam.
学生们已为考试做了准备。（陈述事实）
【即时演练2】 用所给词的适当形式填空
①Although many measures （take）， the
world’s economy is still going down.
②To start with， people （cut） down trees to
build houses， causing some animals to lose their habitats.
③I （clean） the windows since this morning.
④All of us （make） great progress in English due to our
hard work.
⑤The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he
（play） in the mud all the morning.
⑥By the time he realises he （walk） into a trap， it’ll
be too late for him to do anything about it.
have been taken
have been cutting
have been cleaning
have made
has been playing
has walked
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的
【教材原句】 Life was cruel to Oliver when he was young.
奥利弗小时候，生活对他很残酷。
【用法】
（1）be cruel to 对……残忍
be cruel to be kind 为使其受益而严格要求
（2）cruelly adv. 残忍地；残酷地
cruelty n. 残忍；残酷
【佳句】 Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that
it is cruel to animals.
有些人选择不吃肉，因为他们认为吃肉对动物太残忍了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The tramp had been （cruel） treated before she adopted
him.
cruelly
【写美】 完成句子
②We human beings ， some of which have died
out. （发言稿）
我们人类对野生动物太残忍了，有些野生动物已经灭绝了。
are cruel to wildlife
unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地
【教材原句】 Unfortunately，his application was turned down
because he was too young and not qualified enough. 不幸的是，他的申
请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻，资质不够。
【用法】
unfortunate adj. 不幸的
fortunate adj. 幸运的
fortunately adv. 幸运地
fortune n. 机遇；运气；大笔钱，巨款
【佳句】 ①Unfortunately， he submitted himself to the temporary
difficulty and he didn’t achieve his goal.
不幸的是，他屈服于暂时的困难，没有实现他的目标。
②We had to eat out all the time. It ended up costing a fortune.
我们不得不总在外面吃饭，结果花了很多钱。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The young man resolved to seek his （fortunate） in that
city， but in vain.
②I was late，but （fortune） the meeting hadn’t
started.
【写美】 完成句子
③ to serve
as a volunteer in the activity.
我很幸运有这样一次宝贵的机会在活动中担任志愿者。
fortune
fortunately
I am fortunate to have such a precious opportunity/chance
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
1. He （wait） for two weeks. He was still
waiting.
2. We （advertise） in all the local papers for a
nurse-companion， but with no result to date.
3. I （read） research studies on self-monitoring
for 20 years， and I’ve conducted some myself.
had been waiting
have been advertising
have been reading
4. The two friends （chat） on the Internet for
three hours， and they will go on till next morning.
5. Over the past three years， I （get） along well
with my classmates and teachers.
6. Recently our school （call） on us to take
exercise for our physical and mental health.
7. Our players （practice） hard whenever
possible since our football team was organised.
have been chatting
have been getting
has been calling
have been practicing
8. We were told that you’re an expert on English drama and
（do） research in this field for many years.
9. All the staff of the company， who （work）
extra hours these days， hope to finish the project as scheduled.
10. Thanks to the reading club， I （know） many
friends who share the same interest with me.
11. I （write） a report about the environment here
over the last few days， which I have to hand in next week.
12. I am sorry to hear that you （put） on weight
recently and you are upset about it.
have been
doing
have been working
have known
have been writing
have been putting
维度二：语法与写作
1. 你的衣服全湿透了，我想你整天都在跑来跑去吧。
2. 你看起来又瘦又累，最近你工作一定很辛苦吧。
3. 这个女孩丢了钥匙，她到处找都找不到。
Your clothes are wet all over. You have been running all day long， I
think.
You look thin and tired.You have been working too hard recently.
The girl has lost her keys.She can’t find them anywhere.
4. 最近我一直在从报纸上看有关流行病的资料。
5. 这本书我已经读了两个小时，但我还没读完。
6. 在过去的几十年里，由于全球变暖，北极的海冰一直在减少。
I have been reading the materials about the pandemic from the
newspaper recently.
I have been reading this book for two hours， but I haven’t finished
it.
Over the past decades， sea ice has been decreasing in the Arctic as a
result of global warming.
7. 我找工作已经三个月了，这是我第一次正式面试。
8. 写作时，你要运用所学过的知识来写出正确的句子。
9. 他一直盼望着下周趁他父母去度假时参观美术馆。
I have been looking for a job for three months， and this is my first
formal interview.
When writing， try to make use of what you have learnt to make the
sentences correct.
He has been looking forward to visiting the art gallery next week
while his parents are on holiday.
10. 这个女孩对运动很感兴趣，在过去的三年里，她每周上两次羽毛
球课。
The girl has a great interest in sport and has been taking badminton
classes twice a week over the last three years.
维度三：语法与语篇
运用现在完成时和现在完成进行时完成下面短文。
I 1. （一直努力学习） for the College
Entrance Examination since I became a Senior Three student.Our
headteacher 2. （一直努力付出） to
build a great learning atmosphere， which has helped us focus on our
study.Also， I 3. （一直相处很好）
with my classmates and teachers.I want to be a doctor， which I 4.
（一直梦想的） these years.Now I am under great
pressure.But fortunately， my parents 5.
（一直支持我）， and I also have great confidence in myself and my
future.
have been studying hard
has been making great efforts
have been getting along well
have
been dreaming of
have been supporting me
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·浙江四校高二下学期联考）When Jessika Kattah was put in
a wheelchair， she knew she wouldn’t be able to walk again.
But she could still fly.
Kattah and other disabled people have found a home once a month at
iFly， an indoor skydiving center in Davie，US. Every second Thursday
of the month， iFly hosts All Abilities Night， at which individuals with
physical challenges can safely try the free-fall simulation （模拟） in a
giant wind tunnel.
And if you’re thinking that floating in a giant wind tunnel is nothing
like jumping out of an airplane， Kattah is happy to tell you that you’re
wrong.
“You definitely get that feeling of flying，” said Kattah， who did
skydiving twice.“But the fact that I’m able to get out of my chair makes
it so great.You forget about your disability； you’re just like everybody
else.”
The experience is safe and almost anyone can participate.Few people
come out without a big smile on their face， and there will be applause
from the people sitting in the observation area.
Chuck Petscher， who is blind， had never been the type of person to
try anything risky.But recently he decided to give indoor skydiving a
shot.“I’ll do this， but I’m not jumping out of an airplane，” he
joked.
“When you’re disabled， you usually have to do things in a
different way from everybody else，” he said.“Here， you’re doing
what everybody else is doing.That’s what turned me on to it.”
This is also why Kattah has started sharing her experiences on a
blog.She wants to send a message to people like her that even though they
may feel restricted by their disability， they can always do something they
never thought they’d be able to do.
“If you want to do something， just do it.Don’t let fear guide
you.In the end， you’re going to be so happy you did it，” she says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Jessika Kattah虽然身体残疾，却敢于
参加模拟跳伞运动。她通过自己的经历，鼓励人们要勇于挑战自。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Jessika Kattah虽然身体残疾，却敢于
参加模拟跳伞运动。她通过自己的经历，鼓励人们要勇于挑战自我。
1. What’s special about All Abilities Night？（ ）
A. One can travel on an airplane.
B. One can jump out of an airplane.
C. It takes place four times a month.
D. It offers special service for the disabled.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，All Abilities Night这一
活动是室内进行的模拟跳伞活动，每个月的第二个星期四进行，专
门为残疾人提供特殊服务。
2. After experiencing skydiving， most people will .（ ）
A. feel regretful
B. feel frightened
C. get a sense of achievement
D. get a sense of responsibility
解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段可知，大部分人出来后都是面
带笑容，同时获得热烈的掌声。由此判断，大多数人都获得一种成
就感。
3. Why did Chuck Petscher try indoor skydiving？（ ）
A. He wanted to be appreciated.
B. He liked showing off in public.
C. He could be treated as equals.
D. He was interested in adventures.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，Chuck Petscher认
为，这一活动最吸引他的地方，是他能够像正常人一样被对待。
4. Why does Kattah share her experience on her blog？（ ）
A. To share her joy and excitement.
B. To promote the skydiving center.
C. To offer some suggestions for the disabled.
D. To encourage others to challenge themselves.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，Kattah之所以分享自
己的经历，主要是鼓励残疾人不要被身体和恐惧所束缚，应该去大
胆尝试和冒险。
B
（2024·聊城高二下学期期末）A good friend was complaining
about her son who spent money way too freely and without concern，
putting himself into debt on multiple credit cards. At the suggestion that
perhaps it would help him to make it harder to use credit （by canceling
some cards or locking them away）， she angrily said， “But he should
be able to control himself without these tricks. He should have the
willpower to just not spend money.”
This reaction demonstrates a popular belief that self-control is
synonymous （同义的） with willpower — controlling desires with pure
force of will. By contrast， current psychological thinking suggests that
there are many actions and thoughts people can take to direct their choices
without having to resort to the strength of will. These self-control
strategies can make goal-oriented choices easier and temptation-oriented
choices less likely.
For example， one might avoid tempting situations altogether， make
some choices more accessible （for example， by leaving credit cards at
home and bringing only limited amounts of cash）， focus attention
strategically （for example， looking at the price tag rather than the specs
of a product）， or remind oneself of one’s goals when faced with
temptations （for example， by writing them down and bringing the piece
of paper along）. Self-control strategies help people to stay on track with
their goals and resist temptations.
However， do people feel — like my friend — that using strategies is
a “trick”， whereas willpower is the “real deal”？ What do people
think of a person who is using self-control strategies？
According to our studies， participants consistently rated people who
were described as using strategies as lower in self-control than people who
were described as using willpower. Diminishing strategies as “tricks”
was linked to less willingness to use self-control strategies in our studies.
My friend might be more open to “tricks” that help her son limit his
spending as the understanding of what self-control means changes. Self-
control strategies are an important part of realising goals and resisting
temptations. Self-control does not have to be hard. It can also mean
arranging the world and one’s mind to make good choices more likely.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。提到自控，人们通常会强调意志力
的重要性；可是，心理学家认为，采取一些有助于我们抵制诱惑的
技巧也非常重要。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。提到自控，人们通常会强调意志力
的重要性；可是，心理学家认为，采取一些有助于我们抵制诱惑的
技巧也非常重要。
5. What was the problem with the author’s friend？（ ）
A. She fell into financial trouble.
B. She needed more credit cards.
C. Her son was heavily in debt.
D. Her son lacked discipline at school.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，作者的这位朋友遇到
的问题是：她的儿子由于缺乏自控、花钱无度，因此陷入信用
卡债务。
6. What do many people focus on when speaking of self-control？
（ ）
A. A strong will. B. A great ambition.
C. Some specific goals. D. Some practical tricks.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，提到自控，人们普遍认
为自控与意志力是同义词——即用纯粹的意志力控制个人欲望。
7. Why does the author give some examples in Paragraph 3？（ ）
A. To show there are many tempting situations.
B. To show self-control strategies are effective.
C. To prove it isn’t difficult to resist temptations.
D. To prove we are faced with many temptations.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，作者通过举例说明，自
控策略可以帮助人们坚持自己的目标，抵制诱惑。最后一句是对本
段大意的总结。
8. What does the underlined word “Diminishing” in Paragraph 5
mean？（ ）
A. Reducing in value.
B. Changing in position.
C. Improving in popularity.
D. Increasing in importance.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，作者所从事的研究表
明，研究对象普遍认为，比起那些单纯利用意志力的人，那些借助
策略的人自控能力更低；另外，很多研究对象也不愿采用这些策
略。这说明他们“看不起”这些自控策略，也就是“贬低”它们。
Ⅱ.完形填空
In the town of Norwich， England， there is a bookshop called
Bookbugs and Dragon Tales.It opened in 2019 — just months before the
pandemic 9 .The bookshop’s owners， Dan and Leanne
Fridd， 10 to keep the shop open for two years before they decided
they needed some 11 ， so they started crowdfunding （众筹）.
When they saw someone had donated￡5，000 they
were 12 .“And we checked the name， and I sort of was like，
‘Russell Crowe？ No， it can’t be Russell Crowe.’” Leanne told
CBS News.
Now， they’re 13 it is the real Russell Crowe — a famous
actor.Dan and Leanne said the 14 helped spread the word about their
shop.“People wanted to come in and the press were 15 and we were
on Australian breakfast television，” Leanne said.
They may never know why Crowe 16 their business， but
perhaps it’s because the couple uses their 17 to help the community
in many ways.They chose to 18 free books to kids in need.Last
year， 30 kids got their books.They said the 19 why they used the
donation money so selflessly is simple.
“Someone took a 20 on us，” Leanne said.“They saw
the 21 in us and we get to pay that forward through the shop by
really 22 other people.”
Have you ever done anything to “pay it forward”？ Next time when
someone does something good for you， instead of paying that person
back 23 ， please pass it on to someone else instead.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Dan和Leanne Fridd夫妇在英格兰开
着一家书店。当收到一笔5，000英镑的捐赠时，他们选择用这些钱
购书捐赠给贫困学生。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Dan和Leanne Fridd夫妇在英格兰开
着一家书店。当收到一笔5，000英镑的捐赠时，他们选择用这些钱
购书捐赠给贫困学生。
9. A. exposed B. struck
C. presented D. emerged
解析： 这里交代时间背景：当流行病发生时。strike 表示“（指
灾难、疾病等）侵袭，降临”。
10. A. intended B. attempted
C. managed D. required
解析： Dan和Leanne Fridd夫妇努力设法让书店正常运营了两
年。manage to do sth表示“设法做成某事”。
11. A. help B. service
C. favour D. honour
解析： 根据下文中的they started crowdfunding可知，他们的书
店经营困难，需要帮助。
12. A. worried B. shocked
C. confused D. moved
解析： 根据下文可知，Dan和Leanne Fridd夫妇看到这笔5，
000英镑的捐赠时非常吃惊。
13. A. curious B. doubtful
C. hopeful D. certain
解析： 刚开始他们怀疑捐赠者的身份，现在他们确信他就是
著名演员Russell Crowe。
14. A. advice B. experience
C. donation D. honour
解析： 由于是一位明星捐款，因此这笔捐赠使得该书店出
名。
15. A. excited B. amazed
C. interested D. disappointed
解析： 该书店出名后，自然是顾客络绎不绝，新闻媒体也对
它很感兴趣。
16. A. chose B. found
C. respected D. praised
解析： Dan和Leanne Fridd夫妇不知道为什么著名演员Russell
Crowe会选择为他们书店捐赠。
17. A. house B. bookshop
C. space D. supermarket
解析： 根据上下文可知，Dan和Leanne Fridd夫妇经常通过他
们的书店做一些公益活动，服务当地的社区。
18. A. take out B. make up
C. turn down D. give away
解析： 根据下文中的30 kids got their books可知，Dan和Leanne
Fridd夫妇选择给有需要的孩子赠送图书。
19. A. concept B. reason
C. project D. decision
解析： 根据下文可知，这里Dan和Leanne Fridd夫妇在解释他
们选择捐赠图书的原因。
20. A. chance B. moment
C. mission D. contest
解析： 在Leanne看来，好心人将钱捐赠给他们也是一种冒
险。也就是说，如果他们是好人，这些筹来的钱将会用来帮助更
多人。take a chance on表示“冒险；碰运气”。
21. A. strength B. energy
C. promise D. potential
解析： 由于Dan和Leanne Fridd夫妇平时一贯做公益，所以参
与众筹的人看到了他们身上的（服务大众的）潜力。
22. A. making for B. believing in
C. turning to D. going through
解析： Dan和Leanne Fridd夫妇在行善做公益时，自然要选择
他们相信的对象。
23. A. frequently B. instantly
C. directly D. gradually
解析： 文章最后一段解释了pay it forward的具体含义：当你成
为某一善行的受益者时，不是去直接感恩回报该善行的发出者，
而是用你的行动，将善意传递给其他人。
Ⅲ.语法填空
（2024·西安高二下学期期末）According to the American Institute
of Stress， about 83% of American workers suffer from work-related
stress. Some of this stress can lead to more complex 24.
（problem）， such as depression and anxiety.
If 25. （leave） untreated， it can develop into
physical and mental illnesses that can prevent you from living your best
life.
Anxiety is your body’s natural response 26. stress.
When you’re faced with situations 27. are new and
unfamiliar， normal feelings of fear may arise.
Because symptoms of work anxiety 28. （be） very
physically-based， it becomes difficult 29. （stay） on
task when working. Your body begins redirecting the mind away from
what it’s supposed to be working on and into the worries trying to win
your attention.
When experiencing work anxiety， you may have trouble
30. （concentrate） on your work， even when you’re
motivated to do so. You may also jump from one task to another
31. have a hard time settling down to see one project
through to completion.
Now that we know what work anxiety is and how it
32. （present） itself， we can dig into how to stop it from
making us miserable at work. 33. （fortunate）， for
many of us， the idea of a work-life balance is no longer a taboo subject.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究显示，美国83%的员工面临工作
带来的压力。这些压力可能会导致人们产生各种心理问题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究显示，美国83%的员工面临工作
带来的压力。这些压力可能会导致人们产生各种心理问题。
24. problems 根据后面的such as depression and anxiety可知，这里应
用复数形式。
25. left 这里If left untreated是If it is left untreated的省略形式，意为
“如果放任不管”。
26. to response to ...是固定搭配，表示“对……的反应”。
27. that/which 前面的situations是先行词，这里应用关系代词that或
which引导一个定语从句。
28. are 本句主语为symptoms，因此这里用系动词are。
29. to stay 本句中it为形式主语，这里应用动词不定式作真正主语。
30. concentrating have trouble/difficulty （in） doing sth是一个固定表
达，表示“做某事有困难”。
31. and/or 这里jump from one task to another与have a hard time ...是
两个并列的谓语，故填and/or。
32. presents 根据上下文可知，这里应用一般现在时，故填presents。
33. Fortunately 这里需要一个副词来修饰整个句子，故填
Fortunately。
谢谢观看！
