Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
维度一：基础题型练
1.I work out every day， benefits my health greatly.
2.I will take you around my hometown， you can enjoy the lion dance during the Spring Festival.
3.Thanks to the opportunity， Cerveny met the person whom he always wanted to express his appreciation.
4.The reason I like swimming so much is that it can help build up my body.
5.Anyone is interested can learn more about the profound Chinese history.
6.I find it difficult to have a good command of Chinese calligraphy， which I am extremely interested.
7. is planned， the interview will be held at the gym in our school this Sunday afternoon.
8.It is the occasion we send best wishes and express our thanks to our dear teachers.
9.Crowds of audience gather around the venues， all of are watching and cheering for the athletes.
10.It is the most interesting book he has ever read.
维度二：语法与写作
1.他在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖，这使他的脸上露出了灿烂的笑容。
2.我积极参加了英语讲座，从中了解到英国和美国的文化。
3.欢迎对该活动感兴趣的任何学生参加。
4.正如那句老话所说：“只学习，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。”
5.课外活动可以给我们快乐，帮助我们放松自己，其中打篮球是我的最爱。
6.我们学校下周日将举行主题为“中国传统习俗”的活动。
维度三：语法与语篇
Yangshuo， China
It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours before， I’d been at home in Hong Kong，1. I breathed its choking smog.Here， the air was clean and fresh， even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin， 2. is a dream place for tourists 3. seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4. are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those 5. fly to Guilin， it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travellers 6. was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 7. are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 8. are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，9. is a travel company in Hong Kong， says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 10. live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·南京高二下学期质检）Famous American poet Robert Frost once said， “Poetry is what gets lost in translation.” Although it is not impossible to translate poetry， Xu Yuanchong， a well-known Chinese translator， has striven to convey the beauty of ancient Chinese poetry throughout his life.
His teacher Qian Zhongshu commented on his poetry translation，“You are dancing while chained by rhyme and rhythm， but the dance shows amazing freedom and beauty， which is quite extraordinary.”
Xu has just turned 100 years old.On 1 April， China Translation and Publishing House published a series of commemorative （纪念的） books about his life and career to pay tribute to this centenarian.
Since 1978， Xu has published more than 100 translated novels， anthologies （选集） and plays in Chinese， English and French， reaching potentially millions of readers at home and abroad.Most notably， he translated Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English and French.He is also the first Asian winner of the “Aurora Borealis Prize” for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature.
Xu is known to be very fastidious in his work.He has dedicated his life to “translating beautifully”.For him， English is a “scientific” language that demands accuracy， while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a wider range of content.Following this principle， Xu not only keeps faithfulness in sense but beauty in sensibility in his translation.
Through Xu’s translations， time-honored Chinese wisdom has made an impact on Western societies and the world at large.
For instance， when former US president Barack Obama tried to begin a controversial healthcare reform during his presidency， some senators were opposed at first.But after reading the poem titled Fishing in Snow （《江雪》） translated by Xu， one senator was so impressed with the fisherman’s independent， non-conformist （不墨守成规的） thinking that he chose to part with the party line to support Obama， noted NewsChina.
Having made such great achievements， the 100-year-old remains diligent.He lives alone in an old house near Peking University.In his simple room， decorated with traditional Chinese furniture， he maintains a routine.Every day he translates roughly 1，000 words， working till 3 to 4 a.m.， sleeping about 3 hours and getting up at 6 a.m. to continue.
“Translation is a means of communicating with the writer’s soul.A sudden flash of a good word or a good line thrills every inch of my skin，” Xu told NewsChina.
1.What does the article tell us about Xu Yuanchong？（ ）
A.He’s the first winner of The Aurora Borealis Prize.
B.He has translated about 100 Chinese literary works into English.
C.He is widely known for his translated rhymed verse.
D.He has mastered at least three foreign languages.
2.What does the underlined word “fastidious” in Paragraph 5 probably mean？（ ）
A.Particular. B.Satisfied.
C.Inventive. D.Productive.
3.Why was Barack Obama mentioned in the article？（ ）
A.To show Xu’s popularity.
B.To illustrate Xu’s influence.
C.To introduce his reform.
D.To stress Xu’s wisdom.
4.Which of the following can best describe Xu？（ ）
A.Modest and insightful.
B.Considerate and cautious.
C.Creative and open-minded.
D.Dedicated and passionate.
B
（2024·重庆高二下学期月考）The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of Chinese poetry and in the Song Dynasty， the emerging Ci was the mainstream in Chinese literature.However， during the Yuan Dynasty， zaju， or drama， prospered.There were about 100 dramatists who wrote about 500 plays， but most of them were unfortunately lost long ago.
There were several factors that made it possible for drama to develop in this period.Cities grew as a result of the growth of handicrafts and commerce， and people living in cities needed recreation and amusements.It was then possible for singers， story-tellers， actors and actresses to make a living.Scholars and writers who had frowned upon drama were then interested in it， and began to write it， because they wanted to use it as a weapon for attacking the rule they hated.Besides， in the early period of the Yuan Dynasty， imperial examinations were stopped， and Han scholars were no longer able to get government posts， as they were discriminated （歧视） against.They had to live as and among the ordinary people， and therefore they had a good understanding of the ordinary people’s lives and feelings， which gave them rich material for their plays.
The first well-known Yuan dramatist that should be mentioned is Guan Hanqing， who lived in the 13th century.A native of Dadu （now Beijing）， he worked there as a doctor， but was known for the many plays he wrote.His works include tragedies， comedies and historical plays.Some of them describe the life of the people of his day； others are based on historical events.All of them sing praises of the oppressed or expose the evils of the ruling classes.
The Injustice Suffered by Dou E may be Guan’s best-known tragedy.The play praises Dou E’s fighting spirit and exposes and condemns the dark society and unjust legal system.In many of his plays， Guan Hanqing gives truthful pictures of the people’s sufferings under Yuan rule.Realism in his plays is intense and powerful.
5.What does the underlined word “prospered” in the first paragraph mean？（ ）
A.Became popular. B.Became available.
C.Became interesting. D.Became meaningful.
6.What is the author’s purpose of writing the second paragraph？（ ）
A.To introduce a topic.
B.To express an opinion.
C.To provide some facts.
D.To explain some reasons.
7.What made Han scholars get rich material for their plays？（ ）
A.Being looked down upon.
B.Getting government posts.
C.Passing imperial examinations.
D.Getting close to common people.
8.Why did Guan Hanqing write The Injustice Suffered by Dou E？（ ）
A.To criticize social evils.
B.To record historical events.
C.To reflect ordinary people’s lives.
D.To describe the ruling classes’ lives.
Ⅱ.完形填空
（2024·南昌高二下学期期末）I log onto a computer at the doctor’s office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room.There， a robotic nurse 9 me to the device and then takes my blood pressure.Some time later， comes the doctor， who is also a robot.He notes down my 10 and gives me a（n） 11 .I pay for my visit using a credit card and return home without having met another human being.This is my nightmarish vision of the future， which hasn’t happened 12 yet.
I should say I really do like many aspects of 13 .I am a big fan of air conditioning in summer and heaters in winter.But I am writing this because I don’t want machines to 14 .
When I call my dentist’s office and actually get a human being on the line， I am 15 .And when I see the introduction of more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store， I feel like 16 ， “When it comes to cashiers， make mine a（n） 17 ， please！”
After all， human cashiers sometimes 18 you a store coupon for items you are buying.Even more than that， real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children， which can 19 young mothers’ day.A cashier may also show compassion for an elderly person 20 to get that last penny out of his purse.
Machines can be 21 and cost-effective and they often get the job done just fine. 22 they lack an element so important to everyday life.
Call it the spirit， the soul or the heart.It is 23 no machine will ever have.It is human being that encourages us to smile at others， which may be what they need at that moment.
9.（ ）A.tears B.directs
C.follows D.separates
10.（ ）A.signals B.symptoms
C.sculptures D.symbols
11.（ ）A.description B.assumption
C.prescription D.subscription
12.（ ）A.at most B.at last
C.at least D.at intervals
13.（ ）A.commerce B.agriculture
C.literature D.technology
14.（ ）A.cut in B.pass by
C.take over D.go away
15.（ ）A.annoyed B.thrilled
C.discouraged D.disappointed
16.（ ）A.cursing B.laughing
C.shouting D.weeping
17.（ ）A.machine B.human
C.animal D.plant
18.（ ）A.give B.remind
C.bargain D.purchase
19.（ ）A.brighten B.darken
C.strengthen D.widen
20.（ ）A.turning B.happening
C.describing D.struggling
21.（ ）A.urgent B.efficient
C.frequent D.consistent
22.（ ）A.But B.Because
C.Otherwise D.Therefore
23.（ ）A.everything B.nothing
C.anything D.something
Ⅲ.语法填空
Chinese poetry has a very long history. The Book of Songs， 24. first collection of folk songs and poems， was compiled （编纂） before Confucius’ time， for he mentioned the book and asked his students to study it several times. Most of the poems in the book 25. （compose） during the Western Zhou period. 26. was said that the Zhou rulers sent officials to different parts of the country 27. （collect） folk songs. They were then presented to the rulers， 28. tried to judge the feelings and views of the people by them.
The Book of Songs marked the beginning of Chinese literature. Many of the 305 poems in the book deal with lives of the common people， their daily 29. （occupation）， their joys and sorrows， their hard work and duties in wars.
Then in the Warring States period the state of Chu in the south 30. （produce） a great poet — Qu Yuan. He was the first Chinese poet whose name we know. When he saw that his state was approaching ruin and yet he could do nothing to save it， he drowned 31. （he） in the Miluo River near Lake Dongting. His representative work is the Li Sao， which is a long poem 32. （describe） his love for his state and his disappointment 33. its situation.
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.which 2.where 3.to 4.why 5.who 6.in 7.As 8.when 9.whom 10.that
维度二
1.He won the first prize in the English speech contest，which made a bright smile spread across his face.
2.I have actively attended English lectures，from which I gain a good knowledge of British and American culture.
3.Any student who is interested in the activity is welcome to participate.
4.As the old saying goes，“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”
5.After-class activities can give us amusement and help us to relax ourselves， among which playing basketball is my favourite.
6.Our school will hold an activity whose theme is “Traditional Chinese Customs” next Sunday.
维度三
1.where 2.which 3.who/that 4.that/which 5.who 6.that/which 7.that/which 8.that/who 9.which
10.who/that
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名翻译家许渊冲先生在诗歌翻译方面的成就以及他的影响力。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段和第四段可知，许渊冲以他翻译的押韵诗而闻名。
2.A 词义猜测题。根据第五段中的He has dedicated his life ...beauty in sensibility in his translation.可知， 他不仅倡导翻译要忠实于原文的意义，还力求保持翻译出诗歌细腻的美。由此可知，许渊冲对于他的作品很讲究。因此画线词fastidious意为“讲究的，严谨的”。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第六段以及第七段中的For instance可推断，这里举例子是为了阐明许渊冲的作品在西方社会和世界有很大的影响力。
4.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Having made such great achievements， the 100-year-old remains diligent.以及最后一段可推断，许渊冲先生即使100岁高龄还要每天翻译作品，并且他认为翻译是与作者灵魂交流的方式。由此可知，他对翻译事业的奉献和热爱。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了元朝时期杂剧兴盛的原因，并简要介绍了元朝最具代表性的剧作家关汉卿及其代表作《窦娥冤》。
5.A 词义猜测题。根据第一段可知，文章前面提到了唐朝盛行诗，宋朝盛行词，因此元朝应该是“盛行”杂剧。
6.D 段落大意题。根据第二段可知，本段主要分析了杂剧在元朝能够得到快速发展的几个关键因素。
7.D 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，在元朝科举考试被停止，汉族知识分子失去了进入官场的机会；这使得他们跟普通老百姓生活在一起，从而获得了大量创作戏剧的材料。
8.A 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，《窦娥冤》的主题是批判统治阶级并揭露社会的黑暗面。虽然该剧也描述了老百姓和统治阶级的生活，但并非作者创作的主要目的。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要以作者自己的梦境引入话题，讨论了机器人尽管便捷高效、节约成本，也能把很多工作做好，但却是冷冰冰的，并不足以代替人，因为它们没有情感、更没有灵魂。
9.B 根据语境和常识可知，机器人护士把作者领到了仪器旁，然后量了血压。
10.B 根据语境和常识可知，机器人医生记下了作者的症状，并给作者开了处方。
11.C 参见上题解析。
12.C 机器人医生和护士发生在作者的噩梦里，结合常识可知，这样的情境至少到目前为止还没有发生。
13.D 根据下文中的I am a big fan ...in winter.可知，作者对技术的很多方面都真很喜欢。
14.C 根据上文可知，作者认为机器人医生和护士给人看病是噩梦，因此，作者并不希望机器人接管人类的众多工作。
15.B 根据上文可知，作者把机器人问诊看作是噩梦，因此听到人类声音的时候，作者感到非常激动。
16.C 根据语境可知，作者对于一系列人类服务倍感欣慰，所以当作者看到杂货店里有越来越多的自助收银台时，作者此时肯定是不满的，内心希望能见到人工收银，所以他想大喊。
17.B 参见上题解析。
18.A 根据语境可知，人类收银员有时候会给顾客商店优惠券。
19.A 根据语境可知，人类收银员喜欢逗小孩，这会让孩子的母亲非常开心。brighten（使）明亮，（使）快活起来。
20.D 根据语境和常识可知，收银员看到老人颤颤巍巍地从钱包里拿出最后一分钱时，会表示出同情。
21.B 根据常识可知，机器人不仅效率高，还能节约成本，但是它们缺乏人情味。
22.A 参见上题解析。
23.D 根据语境和常识可知，思想、灵魂和同情心是机器所缺乏的东西。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了中国诗歌的发展历史。
24.the 本空后面是序数词，因此这里填入定冠词the。
25.were composed 由于这些诗歌是在西周时期“被创作”，因此用一般过去时的被动语态形式。
26.It It was said that ...是一个固定句型，意为“据说……”。这里it作形式主语。
27.to collect send sb to do sth是固定句式，表示“派某人去做某事”，因此这里应用动词不定式形式。
28.who 前面的rulers是先行词，因此这里填入who引导一个非限制性定语从句。
29.occupations 这里的occupation是一个可数名词，指人们每天从事的工作和活动，需要用复数形式。
30.produced 根据上下文可知，这里需要用一般过去时态。
31.himself drown oneself表示“自溺”，类似的短语有kill oneself。
32.describing 根据语境可知，这里需要一个后置定语，因此应用动词-ing形式。
33.at/with/over disappointment一词与介词at/with/over构成固定搭配，表示“对……的失望”。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
复习定语从句
①Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
②But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
③Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
④Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
⑤Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.
⑥As a result， he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings.
⑦Do you know the girl with/to whom the teacher talked just now？
⑧Knowledge is the wing with which we realise our dreams.
【我的发现】
1.句③⑤中加黑部分的引导词是关系代词，分别在定语从句中充当 。
2.句①②④⑥中加黑部分的引导词是关系副词，分别在定语从句中充当 状语。
3.句⑦⑧中加黑部分为“ ”引导的定语从句。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.常用的关系代词有that、 which、 who、 whom、 whose、 as，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语。
2.意义及作用
成分 代替人 代替物 代替人或物
主语 who which that
宾语 whom/who（可省略） which （可省略） that （可省略）
定语 whose whose
Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
这里有一些方法可以帮你找到正确的方向。（that在从句中作主语）
Is he the man who/that wants to see you？
他是那个想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man （whom/who/that） I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/who/that在从句中作宾语，可省略）
The package （which/that） you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的那个包裹快要散开了。（which/that在从句中作宾语，可省略）
The girl whose parents are both teachers is working hard.
父母都是教师的那个女孩学习很刻苦。（whose表示那个女孩的，作定语）
He lives in a room whose window faces south.
他住在那个窗户朝南的房间里。（whose表示那个房间的，作定语）
3.定语从句中只能用that不能用which引导的情况
（1）先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
（2）先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
The first thing that we should do is to get some food.
我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
（3）先行词是all、 few、 little、 much、 anything、 nothing、 something等不定代词或由它们修饰时。
Nothing that the teacher does doesn’t influence his students.
老师所做的事情没有不影响到他的学生的。
（4）先行词既有人又有物时。
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很出名。
（5）先行词被the only、 the very、 the same、 the right、 no、 one of等修饰时。
My necklace is not the only thing that’s missing.
我不只是丢了一条项链。
（6）当主句是which、 who、 whom引导的特殊疑问句时，为了避免重复，常用that。
Which is the movie that you like best？
哪部电影是你最喜欢的？
（7）先行词在主句中作表语，或者关系代词本身作从句的表语时宜用that。
China is no longer the country that she was.
中国再也不是原来的那个中国了。
4.定语从句中只能用which不能用that引导的情况
（1）引导词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词位于关系代词前时，只能用which。
The world in which we live is made of matter.
我们生活的世界是由物质组成的。
（2）在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which。
The sun heats the Earth，which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳给予大地热量，这就使植物的生长成为可能。
【即时演练1】 用适当的关系代词填空
①BMI is an internationally recognised measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone has a healthy weight.
②This is the boy father died three years ago.
③Who is the person is standing at the gate？
④He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.
⑤This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our friends.
⑥Those want to go to the computer room write your names here.
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词 先行词 句法功能
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
But like all performances， there are moments when things go wrong.
但就像所有的表演一样，有些时候会出问题。
This is the village where we worked ten years ago.
这就是十年前我们工作过的那个村庄。
Do you know the reason why he is absent？
你知道他缺席的原因吗？
名师点津
关系副词与关系代词的选择
若先行词为一些表示地点的抽象名词，如situation、 point、 stage、 position、 part、 condition、 case等，且引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where或“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果引导词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，用关系代词that/which引导。
I have come to the point where/at which I can’t stand him.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。
He’s got into the situation where/in which he is heavily in debt.
他已经陷入负债累累的境地。
At last he got the position （that/which） he had been dreaming of.
他最终得到了他梦寐以求的那个职位。
【即时演练2】 用适当的关系词填空
①This is the case he’s had all his money stolen.
②The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point he can walk correctly and safely.
③There are several research centers in China a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.
④The time is not far away modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.
⑤Can you help me to think of a reason seems reasonable for my being absent？
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
构成 用法
名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构
数词/形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词 数词还可以被some、 many、 most、 each等不定代词替换
介词（短语）＋关系代词 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换
介词＋关系代词＋名词 关系代词常用which或whose
Recently， I bought an ancient vase， the price of which was very reasonable.
最近，我买了一个古代的花瓶，它的价格很合理。
He has ten cousins， the youngest of whom is very clever.
他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。
We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.
我们正在寻找这本书的主人。
Lily might possibly come， in which case I’ll ask her.
莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。
There is a big window in my room， from which I can see the railway station.
我的房间有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。
名师点津
关系代词前介词选择“三原则”：一看先行词，二看动词，三看意义。
（1）一看先行词，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。
I never forget the day on which I came to this school.
我永远忘不了我来这所学校的那一天。
（2）二看动词，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。
This is the iPad on which I spent 3，000 yuan.
这就是我花了三千元买的苹果平板电脑。
（3）三看意义，即根据定语从句所要表达的意思来确定介词。
This is my pair of glasses without which I cannot see clearly.
这就是我的那副眼镜，没有它我看不清楚。
【即时演练3】 用适当的“介词＋关系代词”结构填空
①100℃ is the temperature water will boil.
②Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.
③Great changes have taken place in the city she grew up.
④They have a friend， the daughter is working in that big company now.
⑤Scientists have many advanced theories about why human beings cry tears， none has been proved.
⑥He wrote many children’s books， nearly half were published in the 1990s.
⑦I met the fruit-pickers， several were university students.
⑧His car， he paid ￡1，000， is now only worth ￡500.
⑨Ashdown forest， we’ll be driving， isn’t a forest any longer.
四、which与as引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
which as
先行词 可以是一个名词或一个句子 只能是句子
位置 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可置于句首、句中，也可置于句末
搭配 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see、 hear、 know、 expect、 remember等
词义 这一点，这件事 正如……，正像……那样
She married again， as we expected.
正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。
He failed in the experiment， which was unexpected.
他试验失败了，这是没有预料到的。
As we all know， paper was invented in China.
众所周知，纸是中国发明的。
【即时演练4】 用适当的关系词填空
①He didn’t pass the exam， we had expected.
②There is lots of air in loose snow， can keep the cold out.
③ is known to all， the Earth goes around the sun.
④“You can’t judge a book by its cover，” the old saying goes.
⑤Everyone knows him likes to talk with him.
⑥He said that he had never seen her before， was not true.
⑦The man I brought the computer from was one of my old friends.
core n.核心；精髓；（水果的）核儿
【教材原句】 The purpose of literary criticism is to get to the core of the text and discover what message the author is attempting to convey.
文学批评的目的是达到文本的核心，发现作者试图传达的信息。
【用法】
to the core 极度地；十足；直至核心
at the core of 处于……中心；成为……的核心
【佳句】 The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane， for example， formed the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8万件物品构成了大英博物馆的核心藏品，大英博物馆于1759年开放。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The apple is rotten the core.
【写美】 完成句子
②To him the family is .
对他来说，家庭是社会的核心。
③From my point of view， economy is .
在我看来，经济是所有问题的核心。
blank adj.空白的；无图画（或韵律、装饰）的；没表情的n.空白；空格
【教材原句】 Blank verse is probably one of the most common and influential forms of English poetry.无韵诗可能是最常见和最有影响的英文诗歌形式之一。
【用法】
go blank （脑子里）突然一片空白
look blank 显出迷茫的神情
a blank sheet of paper 一张白纸
【佳句】 Stunned and paralyzed， Leo couldn’t believe what he thought was a beautiful scene turned out to be just a blank wall.
利奥惊得不能动弹，他不敢相信自己原以为是一个美丽的场景，结果却只是一堵空白的墙。
【练透】 完成句子
①Somehow he had on his face.
不知怎地，他脸上毫无表情。
②All of a sudden， .
突然我的脑子一片空白。
【写美】 翻译句子
③在这页的一边写字，另一边空着。
sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的
【教材原句】 In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children’s feelings.在这些诗歌中，诗人泰戈尔对儿童的情感表现出同情的理解。
【用法】
（1）be sympathetic to/towards sb/sth 同情某人；赞同某事
（2）sympathy n. 同情；赞同
feel/have sympathy for sb 同情某人
in sympathy with 赞同；支持
out of sympathy 出于同情
（3）sympathetically adv. 同情地；赞同地
【佳句】 Jack was sympathetic to poor Bernard， and hence， he resolved to make popcorn to help Bernard out of difficulty.Meanwhile， Jack’s mother was in sympathy with his brilliant idea.
杰克同情可怜的伯纳德，因此，他决定做爆米花来帮助伯纳德摆脱困境。与此同时，杰克的母亲对他的绝妙想法表示赞同。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We are in sympathy your stand on lower taxes.
②After a year we will （sympathy） consider an application for retirement.
【写美】 完成句子
③I ； he brought up his two children on his own.
我很同情他，他独自抚养两个孩子。
④ he gave them shelter for the night.
出于对无家可归的孩子们的同情，他让他们留宿过夜。
⑤He was faced with the similar problem too， so my situation.
他也面临类似的问题，所以他很同情我的处境。
correspondence n.来往信件；通信联系
【教材原句】 Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they entered into personal correspondence.布朗宁爱上了她的诗，然后他们就开始私人通信了。
【用法】
（1）in correspondence with与……有通信联系；与……一致
（2）correspond vi. 相一致；符合；相当于；通信
correspond with sb 与某人通信；与某人符合
【佳句】 Only when what you do is in correspondence with what you say can you get along well with others.
只有当你所做的与你所说的相符时，你才能与他人相处融洽。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①His interest in writing came from a long correspondence a close college friend.
【写美】 同义句转换
②Your account of events does not agree with hers.
→Your account of events does not hers.
→Your account of events is not hers.
句型公式：动词不定式（短语）作后置定语
【教材原句】 Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
泰戈尔是第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的亚洲人。
【用法】
常用动词不定式（短语）作后置定语的情况：
（1）被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；
（2）不定代词something、 nothing、 little等后常用动词不定式作后置定语；
（3）抽象名词way、 chance、 ability、 courage、 opportunity、 wish等后常用动词不定式作后置定语；
（4）被修饰词前有the only、 the very、 the next等词对其进行修饰时。
【品悟】 If you could take my application into consideration， I would cherish the precious opportunity to be a volunteer.
如果您能考虑我的申请，我将珍惜这次成为一名志愿者的宝贵机会。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①You are the only person （go） abroad for further study in our company.
②Will you attend the meeting （hold） tomorrow？
【写美】 完成句子
③Thank you for giving me .
谢谢你给我这次发表演讲的机会。
④It is ， not where you come from or what you are.
重要的是你完成工作的能力，而不是你来自哪里或你是干什么的。
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.定语和主语 2.地点、时间、原因、地点
3.介词＋关系代词
即时演练1
①that/which ②whose ③that ④that ⑤which ⑥who
即时演练2
①where ②where ③where ④when ⑤that/which
即时演练3
①at which ②to which ③in which ④of whom
⑤of which ⑥of which ⑦of whom ⑧for which
⑨through which
即时演练4
①as ②which ③As ④as ⑤that/who ⑥which
⑦who/whom/that
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①to ②the core of society
③at the core of all the problems
2.①a blank expression ②my mind went blank totally
③Write on one side of the page and leave the other side blank.
3.①with ②sympathetically ③felt/had sympathy for/was very sympathetic to/towards him ④Out of sympathy for the homeless children ⑤he was very sympathetic about
4.①with ②correspond with； in correspondence with
5.①to go ②to be held ③the chance to make a speech
④your ability to do the job that matters
8 / 8(共97张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Learning About Language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
复习定语从句
①Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each
other.
②But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
③Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
④Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is
that man is good.
⑤Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.
⑥As a result， he spent many years trying to find a state where people
would follow his teachings.
⑦Do you know the girl with/to whom the teacher talked just now？
⑧Knowledge is the wing with which we realise our dreams.
【我的发现】
1. 句③⑤中加蓝部分的引导词是关系代词，分别在定语从句中充
当 。
2. 句①②④⑥中加蓝部分的引导词是关系副词，分别在定语从句中充
当 状语。
3. 句⑦⑧中加蓝部分为“ ”引导的定语从句。
定语和主语
地点、时间、原因、地点
介词＋关系代词
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1. 常用的关系代词有that、 which、 who、 whom、 whose、 as，在从
句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语。
成分 代替人 代替物 代替人或物
主语 who which that
宾语 whom/who（可省略） which （可省略） that （可省略）
定语 whose whose
Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
这里有一些方法可以帮你找到正确的方向。（that在从句中作主语）
2. 意义及作用
Is he the man who/that wants to see you？
他是那个想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man （whom/who/that） I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/who/that在从句中作宾语，可
省略）
The package （which/that） you are carrying is about to come
unwrapped.
你拿的那个包裹快要散开了。（which/that在从句中作宾语，可
省略）
The girl whose parents are both teachers is working hard.
父母都是教师的那个女孩学习很刻苦。（whose表示那个女孩的，
作定语）
He lives in a room whose window faces south.
他住在那个窗户朝南的房间里。（whose表示那个房间的，作定
语）
3. 定语从句中只能用that不能用which引导的情况
（1）先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the
bookshop.
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
（2）先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
The first thing that we should do is to get some food.
我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
（3）先行词是all、 few、 little、 much、 anything、 nothing、
something等不定代词或由它们修饰时。
Nothing that the teacher does doesn’t influence his students.
老师所做的事情没有不影响到他的学生的。
（4）先行词既有人又有物时。
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really
well known.
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很出名。
（5）先行词被the only、 the very、 the same、 the right、 no、 one
of等修饰时。
My necklace is not the only thing that’s missing.
我不只是丢了一条项链。
（6）当主句是which、 who、 whom引导的特殊疑问句时，为了避
免重复，常用that。
Which is the movie that you like best？
哪部电影是你最喜欢的？
（7）先行词在主句中作表语，或者关系代词本身作从句的表语时
宜用that。
China is no longer the country that she was.
中国再也不是原来的那个中国了。
4. 定语从句中只能用which不能用that引导的情况
（1）引导词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词位于关系代词前时，只
能用which。
The world in which we live is made of matter.
我们生活的世界是由物质组成的。
（2）在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which。
The sun heats the Earth，which makes it possible for plants to
grow.
太阳给予大地热量，这就使植物的生长成为可能。
【即时演练1】 用适当的关系代词填空
①BMI is an internationally recognised measurement
tool gives an indication of whether someone has a healthy
weight.
②This is the boy father died three years ago.
③Who is the person is standing at the gate？
④He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.
⑤This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our
friends.
⑥Those want to go to the computer room write your names
here.
that/which
whose
that
that
which
who
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词 先行词 句法功能
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
But like all performances， there are moments when things go wrong.
但就像所有的表演一样，有些时候会出问题。
This is the village where we worked ten years ago.
这就是十年前我们工作过的那个村庄。
Do you know the reason why he is absent？
你知道他缺席的原因吗？
名师点津
关系副词与关系代词的选择
若先行词为一些表示地点的抽象名词，如situation、 point、 stage、
position、 part、 condition、 case等，且引导词在从句中作状语，常用
关系副词where或“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果引导词在
从句中作主语、宾语或表语，用关系代词that/which引导。
I have come to the point where/at which I can’t stand him.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。
He’s got into the situation where/in which he is heavily in debt.
他已经陷入负债累累的境地。
At last he got the position （that/which） he had been dreaming of.
他最终得到了他梦寐以求的那个职位。
【即时演练2】 用适当的关系词填空
①This is the case he’s had all his money stolen.
②The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point
he can walk correctly and safely.
③There are several research centers in China a certain disease
called Bird Flu is being studied.
④The time is not far away modern communications will
become widespread in China’s vast countryside.
⑤Can you help me to think of a reason seems reasonable
for my being absent？
where
where
where
when
that/which
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
构成 用法
名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构
数词/形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词 数词还可以被some、 many、 most、 each等不定代词替换
介词（短语）＋关系代词 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换
介词＋关系代词＋名词 关系代词常用which或whose
Recently， I bought an ancient vase， the price of which was very
reasonable.
最近，我买了一个古代的花瓶，它的价格很合理。
He has ten cousins， the youngest of whom is very clever.
他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。
We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.
我们正在寻找这本书的主人。
Lily might possibly come， in which case I’ll ask her.
莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。
There is a big window in my room， from which I can see the railway
station.
我的房间有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。
名师点津
关系代词前介词选择“三原则”：一看先行词，二看动词，三看
意义。
（1）一看先行词，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选
择。
I never forget the day on which I came to this school.
我永远忘不了我来这所学校的那一天。
（2）二看动词，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选
择。
This is the iPad on which I spent 3，000 yuan.
这就是我花了三千元买的苹果平板电脑。
（3）三看意义，即根据定语从句所要表达的意思来确定介词。
This is my pair of glasses without which I cannot see clearly.
这就是我的那副眼镜，没有它我看不清楚。
【即时演练3】 用适当的“介词＋关系代词”结构填空
①100℃ is the temperature water will boil.
②Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return
in the near future.
③Great changes have taken place in the city she grew up.
④They have a friend， the daughter is working in that big
company now.
⑤Scientists have many advanced theories about why human beings cry
tears， none has been proved.
at which
to which
in which
of whom
of which
⑥He wrote many children’s books， nearly half were
published in the 1990s.
⑦I met the fruit-pickers， several were university students.
⑧His car， he paid ￡1，000， is now only worth ￡500.
⑨Ashdown forest， we’ll be driving， isn’t a
forest any longer.
of which
of whom
for which
through which
四、which与as引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
which as
先行词 可以是一个名词或一个句子 只能是句子
位置 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可置于句首、句中，也可置于句末
搭配 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see、 hear、 know、
expect、 remember等
词义 这一点，这件事 正如……，正像……那样
She married again， as we expected.
正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。
He failed in the experiment， which was unexpected.
他试验失败了，这是没有预料到的。
As we all know， paper was invented in China.
众所周知，纸是中国发明的。
【即时演练4】 用适当的关系词填空
①He didn’t pass the exam， we had expected.
②There is lots of air in loose snow， can keep the cold out.
③ is known to all， the Earth goes around the sun.
④“You can’t judge a book by its cover，” the old saying
goes.
⑤Everyone knows him likes to talk with him.
⑥He said that he had never seen her before， was not true.
⑦The man I brought the computer from was one of
my old friends.
as
which
As
as
that/who
which
who/whom/that
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
core n.核心；精髓；（水果的）核儿
【教材原句】 The purpose of literary criticism is to get to the core of
the text and discover what message the author is attempting to convey. 文
学批评的目的是达到文本的核心，发现作者试图传达的信息。
【用法】
to the core 极度地；十足；直至核心
at the core of 处于……中心；成为……的核心
【佳句】 The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane， for
example， formed the core collection of the British Museum which
opened in 1759.
例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8万件物品构成了大英博物馆的核心藏
品，大英博物馆于1759年开放。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The apple is rotten the core.
【写美】 完成句子
②To him the family is .
对他来说，家庭是社会的核心。
③From my point of view， economy is
.
在我看来，经济是所有问题的核心。
to
the core of society
at the core of all the
problems
blank adj.空白的；无图画（或韵律、装饰）的；没表情的n.空
白；空格
【教材原句】 Blank verse is probably one of the most common and
influential forms of English poetry.
无韵诗可能是最常见和最有影响的英文诗歌形式之一。
【用法】
go blank （脑子里）突然一片空白
look blank 显出迷茫的神情
a blank sheet of paper 一张白纸
【佳句】 Stunned and paralyzed， Leo couldn’t believe what he
thought was a beautiful scene turned out to be just a blank wall.
利奥惊得不能动弹，他不敢相信自己原以为是一个美丽的场景，结果
却只是一堵空白的墙。
【练透】 完成句子
①Somehow he had on his face.
不知怎地，他脸上毫无表情。
②All of a sudden， .
突然我的脑子一片空白。
【写美】 翻译句子
③在这页的一边写字，另一边空着。
a blank expression
my mind went blank totally
Write on one side of the page and leave the other side blank.
sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的
【教材原句】 In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic
understanding of children’s feelings.
在这些诗歌中，诗人泰戈尔对儿童的情感表现出同情的理解。
【用法】
（1）be sympathetic to/towards sb/sth 同情某人；赞同某事
（2）sympathy n. 同情；赞同
feel/have sympathy for sb 同情某人
in sympathy with 赞同；支持
out of sympathy 出于同情
（3）sympathetically adv. 同情地；赞同地
【佳句】 Jack was sympathetic to poor Bernard， and hence， he
resolved to make popcorn to help Bernard out of difficulty.Meanwhile，
Jack’s mother was in sympathy with his brilliant idea.
杰克同情可怜的伯纳德，因此，他决定做爆米花来帮助伯纳德摆脱困
境。与此同时，杰克的母亲对他的绝妙想法表示赞同。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We are in sympathy your stand on lower taxes.
②After a year we will （sympathy） consider an
application for retirement.
with
sympathetically
【写美】 完成句子
③I ； he
brought up his two children on his own.
我很同情他，他独自抚养两个孩子。
④ he gave them shelter for
the night.
出于对无家可归的孩子们的同情，他让他们留宿过夜。
⑤He was faced with the similar problem too， so
my situation.
他也面临类似的问题，所以他很同情我的处境。
felt/had sympathy for/was very sympathetic to/towards him
Out of sympathy for the homeless children
he was very
sympathetic about
correspondence n.来往信件；通信联系
【教材原句】 Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they
entered into personal correspondence.
布朗宁爱上了她的诗，然后他们就开始私人通信了。
【用法】
（1）in correspondence with与……有通信联系；与……一致
（2）correspond vi. 相一致；符合；相当于；通信
correspond with sb 与某人通信；与某人符合
【佳句】 Only when what you do is in correspondence with what you
say can you get along well with others.
只有当你所做的与你所说的相符时，你才能与他人相处融洽。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①His interest in writing came from a long correspondence a
close college friend.
with
【写美】 同义句转换
②Your account of events does not agree with hers.
→Your account of events does not hers.
→Your account of events is not hers.
correspond with
in correspondence with
句型公式：动词不定式（短语）作后置定语
【教材原句】 Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in
Literature.
泰戈尔是第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的亚洲人。
常用动词不定式（短语）作后置定语的情况：
（1）被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级
修饰时；
（2）不定代词something、 nothing、 little等后常用动词不定式作后
置定语；（3）抽象名词way、 chance、 ability、 courage、
opportunity、 wish等后常用动词不定式作后置定语；
（4）被修饰词前有the only、 the very、 the next等词对其进行修饰
时。
【用法】
【品悟】 If you could take my application into consideration， I would
cherish the precious opportunity to be a volunteer. 如果您能考虑我的申
请，我将珍惜这次成为一名志愿者的宝贵机会。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①You are the only person （go） abroad for further study in
our company.
②Will you attend the meeting （hold） tomorrow？
to go
to be held
【写美】 完成句子
③Thank you for giving me .
谢谢你给我这次发表演讲的机会。
④It is ， not where you come
from or what you are.
重要的是你完成工作的能力，而不是你来自哪里或你是干什么的。
the chance to make a speech
your ability to do the job that matters
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
1. I work out every day， benefits my health greatly.
2. I will take you around my hometown， you can enjoy the
lion dance during the Spring Festival.
3. Thanks to the opportunity， Cerveny met the person whom he
always wanted to express his appreciation.
which
where
to
4. The reason I like swimming so much is that it can help build
up my body.
5. Anyone is interested can learn more about the profound
Chinese history.
6. I find it difficult to have a good command of Chinese
calligraphy， which I am extremely interested.
7. is planned， the interview will be held at the gym in our school
this Sunday afternoon.
why
who
in
As
8. It is the occasion we send best wishes and express our thanks
to our dear teachers.
9. Crowds of audience gather around the venues， all of are
watching and cheering for the athletes.
10. It is the most interesting book he has ever read.
when
whom
that
维度二：语法与写作
1. 他在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖，这使他的脸上露出了灿烂的
笑容。
2. 我积极参加了英语讲座，从中了解到英国和美国的文化。
He won the first prize in the English speech contest，which made a
bright smile spread across his face.
I have actively attended English lectures，from which I gain a good
knowledge of British and American culture.
3. 欢迎对该活动感兴趣的任何学生参加。
4. 正如那句老话所说：“只学习，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。”
5. 课外活动可以给我们快乐，帮助我们放松自己，其中打篮球是我的
最爱。
Any student who is interested in the activity is welcome to
participate.
As the old saying goes，“All work and no play makes Jack a dull
boy.”
After-class activities can give us amusement and help us to relax
ourselves， among which playing basketball is my favourite.
6. 我们学校下周日将举行主题为“中国传统习俗”的活动。
Our school will hold an activity whose theme is “Traditional
Chinese Customs” next Sunday.
维度三：语法与语篇
Yangshuo， China
It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before
dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours before， I’d been at home in Hong
Kong，1. I breathed its choking smog.Here， the air was
clean and fresh， even with the rain.
where
I’d skipped nearby Guilin， 2. is a dream place for
tourists 3. seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters
of the Li River 4. are pictured by artists in so many
Chinese paintings.Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those
5. fly to Guilin， it’s only an hour away by car and offers all
the scenery of the better-known city.
which
who/that
that/which
who
Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travellers 6.
was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the
top 10 destinations 7. are famous in the world.And the
town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their
families 8. are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，9.
is a travel company in Hong Kong， says it regularly arranges quick
getaways here for people 10. live in Shanghai and Hong
Kong.
that/which
that/which
that/who
which
who/that
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·南京高二下学期质检）Famous American poet Robert Frost
once said， “Poetry is what gets lost in translation.” Although it is not
impossible to translate poetry， Xu Yuanchong， a well-known Chinese
translator， has striven to convey the beauty of ancient Chinese poetry
throughout his life.
His teacher Qian Zhongshu commented on his poetry translation，
“You are dancing while chained by rhyme and rhythm， but the dance
shows amazing freedom and beauty， which is quite extraordinary.”
Xu has just turned 100 years old.On 1 April， China Translation and
Publishing House published a series of commemorative （纪念的） books
about his life and career to pay tribute to this centenarian.
Since 1978， Xu has published more than 100 translated novels，
anthologies （选集） and plays in Chinese， English and French，
reaching potentially millions of readers at home and abroad.Most
notably， he translated Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English
and French.He is also the first Asian winner of the “Aurora Borealis
Prize” for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature.
Xu is known to be very fastidious in his work.He has dedicated his
life to “translating beautifully”.For him， English is a “scientific”
language that demands accuracy， while Chinese is an “artistic”
language that includes a wider range of content.Following this principle，
Xu not only keeps faithfulness in sense but beauty in sensibility in his
translation.
Through Xu’s translations， time-honored Chinese wisdom has
made an impact on Western societies and the world at large.
For instance， when former US president Barack Obama tried to
begin a controversial healthcare reform during his presidency， some
senators were opposed at first.But after reading the poem titled Fishing in
Snow （《江雪》） translated by Xu， one senator was so impressed with
the fisherman’s independent， non-conformist （不墨守成规的）
thinking that he chose to part with the party line to support Obama， noted
NewsChina.
Having made such great achievements， the 100-year-old remains
diligent.He lives alone in an old house near Peking University.In his
simple room， decorated with traditional Chinese furniture， he maintains
a routine.Every day he translates roughly 1，000 words， working till 3 to
4 a.m.， sleeping about 3 hours and getting up at 6 a.m. to continue.
“Translation is a means of communicating with the writer’s soul.A
sudden flash of a good word or a good line thrills every inch of my
skin，” Xu told NewsChina.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名翻译家许渊冲
先生在诗歌翻译方面的成就以及他的影响力。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名翻译家许渊冲
先生在诗歌翻译方面的成就以及他的影响力。
1. What does the article tell us about Xu Yuanchong？（ ）
A. He’s the first winner of The Aurora Borealis Prize.
B. He has translated about 100 Chinese literary works into English.
C. He is widely known for his translated rhymed verse.
D. He has mastered at least three foreign languages.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段和第四段可知，许渊冲以他翻
译的押韵诗而闻名。
2. What does the underlined word “fastidious” in Paragraph 5 probably
mean？（ ）
A. Particular. B. Satisfied.
C. Inventive. D. Productive.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第五段中的He has dedicated his
life ...beauty in sensibility in his translation.可知， 他不仅倡导翻译
要忠实于原文的意义，还力求保持翻译出诗歌细腻的美。由此可
知，许渊冲对于他的作品很讲究。因此画线词fastidious意为“讲究
的，严谨的”。
3. Why was Barack Obama mentioned in the article？（ ）
A. To show Xu’s popularity.
B. To illustrate Xu’s influence.
C. To introduce his reform.
D. To stress Xu’s wisdom.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段以及第七段中的For instance可
推断，这里举例子是为了阐明许渊冲的作品在西方社会和世界有很
大的影响力。
4. Which of the following can best describe Xu？（ ）
A. Modest and insightful.
B. Considerate and cautious.
C. Creative and open-minded.
D. Dedicated and passionate.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Having made such
great achievements， the 100-year-old remains diligent.以及最后一段
可推断，许渊冲先生即使100岁高龄还要每天翻译作品，并且他认
为翻译是与作者灵魂交流的方式。由此可知，他对翻译事业的奉献
和热爱。
B
（2024·重庆高二下学期月考）The Tang Dynasty was the golden
age of Chinese poetry and in the Song Dynasty， the emerging Ci was the
mainstream in Chinese literature.However， during the Yuan Dynasty，
zaju， or drama， prospered.There were about 100 dramatists who wrote
about 500 plays， but most of them were unfortunately lost long ago.
There were several factors that made it possible for drama to develop
in this period.Cities grew as a result of the growth of handicrafts and
commerce， and people living in cities needed recreation and
amusements.It was then possible for singers， story-tellers， actors and
actresses to make a living.Scholars and writers who had frowned upon
drama were then interested in it， and began to write it， because they
wanted to use it as a weapon for attacking the rule they hated.Besides， in
the early period of the Yuan Dynasty， imperial examinations were
stopped， and Han scholars were no longer able to get government posts，
as they were discriminated （歧视） against.They had to live as and
among the ordinary people， and therefore they had a good understanding
of the ordinary people’s lives and feelings， which gave them rich
material for their plays.
The first well-known Yuan dramatist that should be mentioned is Guan
Hanqing， who lived in the 13th century.A native of Dadu （now
Beijing）， he worked there as a doctor， but was known for the many
plays he wrote.His works include tragedies， comedies and historical
plays.Some of them describe the life of the people of his day； others are
based on historical events.All of them sing praises of the oppressed or
expose the evils of the ruling classes.
The Injustice Suffered by Dou E may be Guan’s best-known
tragedy.The play praises Dou E’s fighting spirit and exposes and
condemns the dark society and unjust legal system.In many of his plays，
Guan Hanqing gives truthful pictures of the people’s sufferings under
Yuan rule.Realism in his plays is intense and powerful.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了元朝时期杂剧兴盛
的原因，并简要介绍了元朝最具代表性的剧作家关汉卿及其代表作
《窦娥冤》。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了元朝时期杂剧兴盛
的原因，并简要介绍了元朝最具代表性的剧作家关汉卿及其代表作
《窦娥冤》。
5. What does the underlined word “prospered” in the first paragraph
mean？（ ）
A. Became popular. B. Became available.
C. Became interesting. D. Became meaningful.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第一段可知，文章前面提到了唐朝盛
行诗，宋朝盛行词，因此元朝应该是“盛行”杂剧。
6. What is the author’s purpose of writing the second paragraph？
（ ）
A. To introduce a topic.
B. To express an opinion.
C. To provide some facts.
D. To explain some reasons.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第二段可知，本段主要分析了杂剧在
元朝能够得到快速发展的几个关键因素。
7. What made Han scholars get rich material for their plays？（ ）
A. Being looked down upon.
B. Getting government posts.
C. Passing imperial examinations.
D. Getting close to common people.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，在元朝科举考试被停
止，汉族知识分子失去了进入官场的机会；这使得他们跟普通老百
姓生活在一起，从而获得了大量创作戏剧的材料。
8. Why did Guan Hanqing write The Injustice Suffered by Dou E？
（ ）
A. To criticize social evils.
B. To record historical events.
C. To reflect ordinary people’s lives.
D. To describe the ruling classes’ lives.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，《窦娥冤》的主题是
批判统治阶级并揭露社会的黑暗面。虽然该剧也描述了老百姓和统
治阶级的生活，但并非作者创作的主要目的。
Ⅱ.完形填空
（2024·南昌高二下学期期末）I log onto a computer at the
doctor’s office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me
into the examination room.There， a robotic nurse 9 me to the device
and then takes my blood pressure.Some time later， comes the doctor，
who is also a robot.He notes down my 10 and gives me a
（n） 11 .I pay for my visit using a credit card and return home
without having met another human being.This is my nightmarish vision of
the future， which hasn’t happened 12 yet.
I should say I really do like many aspects of 13 .I am a big fan of
air conditioning in summer and heaters in winter.But I am writing this
because I don’t want machines to 14 .
When I call my dentist’s office and actually get a human being on
the line， I am 15 .And when I see the introduction of more self-
service checkout stations at the grocery store， I feel like 16 ，
“When it comes to cashiers， make mine a（n） 17 ， please！”
After all， human cashiers sometimes 18 you a store coupon for
items you are buying.Even more than that， real-life cashiers often take an
interest in particularly cute children， which can 19 young mothers’
day.A cashier may also show compassion for an elderly person 20 to
get that last penny out of his purse.
Machines can be 21 and cost-effective and they often get the job
done just fine. 22 they lack an element so important to everyday life.
Call it the spirit， the soul or the heart.It is 23 no machine will
ever have.It is human being that encourages us to smile at others， which
may be what they need at that moment.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要以作者自己的梦境引
入话题，讨论了机器人尽管便捷高效、节约成本，也能把很多工作
做好，但却是冷冰冰的，并不足以代替人，因为它们没有情感、更
没有灵魂。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要以作者自己的梦境引
入话题，讨论了机器人尽管便捷高效、节约成本，也能把很多工作
做好，但却是冷冰冰的，并不足以代替人，因为它们没有情感、更
没有灵魂。
9. A. tears B. directs
C. follows D. separates
解析： 根据语境和常识可知，机器人护士把作者领到了仪器
旁，然后量了血压。
10. A. signals B. symptoms
C. sculptures D. symbols
解析： 根据语境和常识可知，机器人医生记下了作者的症
状，并给作者开了处方。
11. A. description B. assumption
C. prescription D. subscription
解析： 参见上题解析。
12. A. at most B. at last
C. at least D. at intervals
解析： 机器人医生和护士发生在作者的噩梦里，结合常识可
知，这样的情境至少到目前为止还没有发生。
13. A. commerce B. agriculture
C. literature D. technology
解析： 根据下文中的I am a big fan ...in winter.可知，作者对
技术的很多方面都真很喜欢。
14. A. cut in B. pass by
C. take over D. go away
解析： 根据上文可知，作者认为机器人医生和护士给人看病
是噩梦，因此，作者并不希望机器人接管人类的众多工作。
15. A. annoyed B. thrilled
C. discouraged D. disappointed
解析： 根据上文可知，作者把机器人问诊看作是噩梦，因此
听到人类声音的时候，作者感到非常激动。
16. A. cursing B. laughing
C. shouting D. weeping
解析： 根据语境可知，作者对于一系列人类服务倍感欣慰，
所以当作者看到杂货店里有越来越多的自助收银台时，作者此时
肯定是不满的，内心希望能见到人工收银，所以他想大喊。
17. A. machine B. human
C. animal D. plant
解析： 参见上题解析。
18. A. give B. remind
C. bargain D. purchase
解析： 根据语境可知，人类收银员有时候会给顾客商店优
惠券。
19. A. brighten B. darken
C. strengthen D. widen
解析： 根据语境可知，人类收银员喜欢逗小孩，这会让孩子
的母亲非常开心。brighten（使）明亮，（使）快活起来。
20. A. turning B. happening
C. describing D. struggling
解析： 根据语境和常识可知，收银员看到老人颤颤巍巍地从
钱包里拿出最后一分钱时，会表示出同情。
21. A. urgent B. efficient
C. frequent D. consistent
解析： 根据常识可知，机器人不仅效率高，还能节约成本，
但是它们缺乏人情味。
22. A. But B. Because
C. Otherwise D. Therefore
解析： 参见上题解析。
23. A. everything B. nothing
C. anything D. something
解析： 根据语境和常识可知，思想、灵魂和同情心是机器所
缺乏的东西。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Chinese poetry has a very long history. The Book of Songs，
24. first collection of folk songs and poems， was compiled
（编纂） before Confucius’ time， for he mentioned the book and asked
his students to study it several times. Most of the poems in the book
25. （compose） during the Western Zhou period.
26. was said that the Zhou rulers sent officials to different
parts of the country 27. （collect） folk songs. They were
then presented to the rulers， 28. tried to judge the feelings
and views of the people by them.
The Book of Songs marked the beginning of Chinese literature. Many
of the 305 poems in the book deal with lives of the common people， their
daily 29. （occupation）， their joys and sorrows， their
hard work and duties in wars.
Then in the Warring States period the state of Chu in the south
30. （produce） a great poet — Qu Yuan. He was the first
Chinese poet whose name we know. When he saw that his state was
approaching ruin and yet he could do nothing to save it， he drowned
31. （he） in the Miluo River near Lake Dongting. His
representative work is the Li Sao， which is a long poem
32. （describe） his love for his state and his
disappointment 33. its situation.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了中国诗歌的发展历
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了中国诗歌的发展历史。
24. the 本空后面是序数词，因此这里填入定冠词the。
25. were composed 由于这些诗歌是在西周时期“被创作”，因此用
一般过去时的被动语态形式。
26. It It was said that ...是一个固定句型，意为“据说……”。这里
it作形式主语。
27. to collect send sb to do sth是固定句式，表示“派某人去做某
事”，因此这里应用动词不定式形式。
28. who 前面的rulers是先行词，因此这里填入who引导一个非限制
性定语从句。
29. occupations 这里的occupation是一个可数名词，指人们每天从事
的工作和活动，需要用复数形式。
30. produced 根据上下文可知，这里需要用一般过去时态。
31. himself drown oneself表示“自溺”，类似的短语有kill oneself。
32. describing 根据语境可知，这里需要一个后置定语，因此应用动
词-ing形式。
33. at/with/over disappointment一词与介词at/with/over构成固定搭
配，表示“对……的失望”。
谢谢观看！
