Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
维度一：基础题型练
1.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）I feel an urge （express） my different voices，hoping that this wouldn’t offend you.
2.I’d like to invite you to take part in our 3-km race （hold） in our playground this Saturday morning.
3.Ariel found that the swan which buried its neck in its wings seemed （lose） its energy.
4.In my opinion， it is necessary for us （practice） kung fu， because it can help us keep healthy.
5. （solve） this problem， you must combine theory with practice.
6.The next morning， we hurried into the kitchen and looked for Dad， only （find） that he had gone out.
7.My suggestion is that you should take this opportunity （prove） yourself.
维度二：语法与写作
1.上初三时，我的目标是成为全班最好的学生。（动词不定式作表语）
2.为了实现这个目标，我决定像我的同桌一样每天熬夜学习到半夜。（动词不定式作目的状语和宾语）
3.我努力第一个到，最后一个走，却发现我上课总是发困。（动词不定式作定语和结果状语）
4.保持充足的睡眠是很重要的。（动词不定式作真正主语）
5.他建议我制定一个适合我自己的计划。（动词不定式作宾语补足语）
维度三：语法与语篇
用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文。
Not that long ago， my first thought at mealtimes was 1. （eat） at a restaurant.I was eager 2. （try） new restaurants.3. （eat） out was also a social activity，allowing me 4. （enhance） the relationship with my friends.I often ate out until last month，when I came across a cooking app.There are a variety of recipes in the app 5. （choose） from.They are uploaded by users，and offer detailed instructions so that others can follow them step by step.Most of the recipes include photos or videos，which are very useful for beginners.When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try， I discovered that it was not that difficult 6. （make） a simple and tasty dish.In the past few weeks， I’ve thrown myself into home cooking， from boiling noodles in the pot to 7. （fry） steak in the pan.I hardly eat out any more.Not only is cooking at home cheaper， but I can cook exactly what I want.It’s healthier too.No wonder people say nothing beats home cooking！
Now I am good at 8. （cook） a couple of dishes.My plan is 9. （invite） my friends over at the weekend 10. （show） them my new-found skills.I hope that they will like my cooking！
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·山东六校高二下月考）The quality of our seafood has been in the news a lot lately.A new study has found that people who eat seafood are also eating plastic — 11，000 pieces of microplastic per year to be exact.
Researchers at the University of Ghent in Belgium found that seafood eaters are consuming plastic at a concerning rate.
“Per serving of mussels， which contains about 300 grams of mussel meat， you get 300 pieces of plastic inside your body，” researchers wrote.Researchers don’t yet know the implications of eating microplastic， but they worry that it could have negative consequences on our health.
While we don’t know what microplastic does yet to humans， we do know what it does to sea animals.In prior studies， scientists have found that when fish eat microplastics， it prevents their growth and changes their feeding patterns.In fact， fish will stop eating natural sources of nutrients， and only go for plastic.
When you’re done using plastic， a small portion may be recycled.However， more than likely it’s in a landfill or making its way towards the ocean.Once trash hits the water， sea creatures may mistake it for food.This often leads to poisoning or death.If the marine animal gets caught for human consumption， the plastic may very well make its way back to you — on your dinner plate.
According to a study published in Science magazine， eight million tons of plastic go into our waterways every year.The problem is so serious that scientists say that by 2050 the weight of plastic in our oceans will outweigh fish.And just because it’s out of sight doesn’t mean it should be out of mind.
There’s no immediate way to prevent microplastic from ending up in your body.However， you can help reduce the amount of plastic reaching rivers， lakes and oceans in the first place.You can make a difference with your choices every day.Even small changes will add up.While your salmon dinner may contain microplastic， you can help prevent the future generations from having that same problem.
1.What does the underlined word “implications” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（ ）
A.Real functions. B.Possible effects.
C.Logical reasons. D.Potential benefits.
2.What can we learn about microplastics in the oceans？（ ）
A.They make fish grow quickly. B.Fish are sick and tired of them.
C.Fish tend to be addicted to them. D.They don’t affect fish’s eating habits.
3.Which proverb can best summarize the main idea of Paragraph 5？（ ）
A.You get what you pay for. B.There is no smoke without fire.
C.Everything happens for a reason. D.What goes around comes around.
4.What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the last paragraph？（ ）
A.To give us a final warning. B.To appeal to us for action.
C.To offer us a brief summary. D.To send us a gentle reminder.
B
（2024·郑州高二下期末）A scientist has spent forty years studying the Loch Ness monster （尼斯湖水怪）. Why does this mythical monster attract so many people？
Adrian Shine has patrolled （巡逻） lakes by day and night. He’s taken countless photos， and he’s used all the latest technological advances to uncover the mystery behind Loch Ness monster. Twenty-five years ago this week， he led a search of Loch Ness called Operation Deepscan.
Shine may have gone to unusual lengths in his hunt for the Loch Ness monster， but he is far from alone in being attracted by it. Willie Cameron， an expert on the Highland tourism market， says about one million people visit Loch Ness and the surrounding area every year， with the value to the economy worth about ￡25m. And he says more than 85% of them are attracted by the phenomenon of the Loch Ness monster. “Loch Ness has become a brand as big as Elvis Presley， Madonna and Coca-Cola — but by default rather than design，” he says.
So when did the Loch Ness monster gain such mythical status， and what is the fascination with finding it？ Jonathan Downes， director of the Centre for Fortean Zoology， says the legend of the monster dates back to the 6th century， but it was not until the 1930s that it really took off. Since then there has been a number of sightings， with more than a thousand people insisting they have seen creatures in Loch Ness.
Downes says the strange thing about the Loch Ness monster is that although it is “the most iconic mystery creature”， it is actually the one with the least amount of evidence of its existence. So-called physical evidence has turned out to be false， he says. So most of the legend around what lies in Loch Ness comes from stories and sightings.
And Shine has first-hand experience of how unreliable they can be. However， Shine says it is hard to get rid of people’s belief. Lots of locals， too， believe there is something hiding in the loch， according to Cameron. But Shine， who now is still hoping to find out what is behind the mystery， says the beauty of the monster myth is that no one can disprove it. “If Operation Deepscan proved one thing， it is that you can’t kill a legend with science，” he says.
5.The Loch Ness monster was compared to Elvis Presley for .（ ）
A.they both come from the US
B.they’re both extremely famous
C.they’re both based on legend stories
D.they both improved the tourism industry
6.The Loch Ness monster has been widely known by people .（ ）
A.since 100 years ago B.since 90 years ago
C.since 60 years ago D.since 50 years ago
7.According to Jonathan Downes， what’s strange about the Loch Ness monster？（ ）
A.It has worldwide influence. B.It becomes a symbol of an area.
C.It seldom comes out in the daytime. D.It lacks enough proof for its existence.
8.What’s Adrian Shine’s attitude towards the Loch Ness monster？（ ）
A.Curious. B.Puzzled.
C.Doubtful. D.Positive.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·昆明高二下质检）French explorer Jacques Cartier is known mainly for exploring the St.Lawrence River and giving Canada its name.
Like many other European explorers，Jacques Cartier went to North America looking for gold，and perhaps a shortcut to Asia.9.（ ） It became France’s main route into Canada.
Jacques Cartier was born on 31 December 1491 in Brittany， a province of France.In about 1534，the king of France asked him to lead an expedition to the New World in search of riches and a new route to Asia.
10.（ ） There he and his crew explored the land around the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and met Native Americans.When he sailed back to France， he took with him two native Americans.
11.（ ） This time， Cartier sailed deeper into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and into the Saint Lawrence River.The two Native Americans he had taken before had learned French， and they served as guides.About 260 miles inland， Cartier reached the Native American village of Stadacona.Today， the city of Quebec stands near that place.
Cartier and his men were among the first Europeans to winter in what is now Canada.12.（ ） After returning to France he reported tales told by the native people of treasures farther inland.
Cartier once again crossed the Atlantic in 1541.13.（ ） When he returned to France in 1542，he was told that they were just the common minerals pyrite （黄铁矿） （fool’s gold） and quartz （石英）.
A.A second voyage came in May 1535.
B.Instead he found the Saint Lawrence River.
C.The bitter cold surprised them， and some of the men died.
D.He made three voyages of exploration in dangerous waters.
E.Cartier was considered one of the most devoted explorers of the period.
F.He explored further and found what he thought were gold and diamonds.
G.In the spring of 1534 Cartier sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to what is now Canada.
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·济南高二下期末）MacArthur’s love for sailing dates back to when she was just 4 years old， when she first got the opportunity to have a try on a boat.“It 14 me that this boat had everything we needed to take us anywhere in the world.And as a child， that opened up everything and made me feel the greatest sense of 15 ，” she explained.
This experience 16 a passion within MacArthur that she wanted to sail around the world.Growing up in the countryside， she had no idea how to 17 it.However， she knew that that was what she wanted to do at some stage.So she acquired knowledge and 18 for years to seek her dream in sailing.Having merely potatoes and beans every day for eight years， she 19 could afford the right equipment.By reaching such 20 goals and asking technical questions about 21 ， MacArthur felt as though she was getting 22 to her ambition.
“The impossible could be possible and 23 high is not necessarily such a crazy thing to do，” she said.And it seems that MacArthur’s 24 to become a sailor went beyond her expectations.At the age of 24， she started to 25 media attention after winning the second place in the Vendée Globe， a single-handed non-stop yacht （帆船） race that went around the world.
Four years later， MacArthur chose to sail for 71 days and 14 hours， 26 more than 26，000 miles.This led her to set a new record. 27 this record has been surpassed （超过），MacArthur is still considered as Britain’s most successful offshore racer.
So when you know where you’re going， you can actually get there — even if it seems 28 ！
14.（ ）A.benefited B.struck
C.taught D.treated
15.（ ）A.wonder B.magic
C.direction D.freedom
16.（ ）A.lighted B.left
C.carried D.invented
17.（ ）A.approach B.gain
C.achieve D.forget
18.（ ）A.made up B.saved up
C.turned up D.picked up
19.（ ）A.eventually B.fortunately
C.gradually D.definitely
20.（ ）A.personal B.financial
C.final D.academic
21.（ ）A.school B.sailing
C.driving D.business
22.（ ）A.further B.deeper
C.closer D.smarter
23.（ ）A.working B.designing
C.meaning D.aiming
24.（ ）A.lesson B.mind
C.confidence D.plan
25.（ ）A.accept B.receive
C.enjoy D.keep
26.（ ）A.including B.reaching
C.covering D.floating
27.（ ）A.After B.When
C.Whether D.While
28.（ ）A.impossible B.constant
C.valuable D.available
Ⅳ.语法填空
China’s new deep-sea manned submersible Fendouzhe set a 29. （nation） diving record of 10，909 meters in the Mariana Trench.Only a few people 30. （visit） the bottom of the Mariana Trench so far.
Four hours after the task started， a group photo of three Chinese divers was sent back， with each one 31. （carry） a food plate in hand.They decided to work for six hours after they reached 32. deepest spot.That spot is known as the Challenger Deep， with a 33. （deep） of over 10，900 meters.The water pressure is 110 kPa， 34. makes designing and operating submersibles difficult.
The cabin covering uses titanium （钛）， a perfect material with high strength that allows the submersible 35. （bear） water pressure at 10，000 meters under the sea.Powered by a battery， Fendouzhe can pick up samples from the surrounding environment 36. its flexible robotic arms， which can work with the accuracy of one centimeter.
Sylvia Earle， former chief scientist of the US NOAA， said that the world is 37. （current） in the greatest age of deep-sea research.China now is leading the world in many aspects of deep-sea 38. （explore）.
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.to express 2.to be held 3.to have lost 4.to practice 5.To solve 6.to find 7.to prove
维度二
1.When I was a junior three student， my aim was to be the best student in my class.
2.To achieve this goal， I decided to stay up to study until midnight like my deskmate.
3.I tried to be the first to arrive and the last to leave， only to find myself always sleepy in class.
4.It was very important to have enough sleep.
5.He advised me to make a plan that/which is suitable for myself.
维度三
1.to eat 2.to try 3.To eat 4.to enhance 5.to choose 6.to make 7.frying 8.cooking 9.to invite 10.to show
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人类不负责任地将塑料丢进海洋，可是，让我们意想不到的是，这些塑料又通过海洋生物回到了我们的餐桌。
1.B 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，作者这里在谈论海鲜中所含塑料微粒对人类所带来的影响。因此画线词意为“可能的影响”。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，海洋中的塑料微粒会影响鱼类的生长、改变它们的饮食习惯；而且，它们可能会放弃原来有营养的食物而喜欢上塑料。
3.D 段落大意题。根据第五段可知，本段主要告诉我们：我们丢弃的塑料最终又回到了我们的餐桌。也就是说去的（goes around）又回来了（comes around）。
4.B 写作意图题。根据最后两段可知，倒数第二段指出我们所面临形势的严峻性，最后一段主要呼吁我们采取实际行动来解决此问题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。尼斯湖水怪被称为世界十大自然之谜之一。本文通过几位专家的观点说明这一怪兽很有可能只是子虚乌有的美丽传说。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者之所以将尼斯湖水怪与Elvis Presley、Madonna 及Coca-Cola等明星及知名品牌并列，是因为他们都具有非常高的知名度与广泛的影响力。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第四段可知，尼斯湖水怪的传说可以追溯到公元6世纪，但是直到20世纪30年代它才真正广为人知。
7.D 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，在Jonathan Downes看来，关于尼斯湖水怪，最为奇怪的是它虽然影响力很大，但是并没有任何证据证明其真正存在。
8.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Adrian Shine根据自己第一手经历认为尼斯湖水怪这一传说是不可靠的，再结合他的讲话可以判断，他对此持怀疑态度。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了法国探险家雅克·卡蒂埃的三次航海探险经历。
9.B 根据空前的Jacques Cartier went to North America looking for gold ...和空后的It became France’s main route into Canada.可知，B项（相反，雅克·卡蒂埃发现了圣劳伦斯河）符合语境，且空后的It指的就是B项中的the Saint Lawrence River。
10.G 根据上文中的In about 1534，the king of France asked him to lead an expedition可推知，在1534年，卡蒂埃横渡大西洋到了现在的加拿大。G项中的时间与上文相符，符合语境。
11.A 根据空后的This time， Cartier sailed deeper into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence ...可推知，在1535年5月，卡蒂埃进行了第二次航行。故A项符合语境。
12.C 根据空前的the first Europeans to winter in what is now Canada可知，C项（加拿大的严寒令卡蒂埃和船员们难以承受，其中一些船员死于严寒）符合语境。
13.F 根据空前的Cartier once again crossed the Atlantic和空后的he was told that they were just the common minerals pyrite （fool’s gold） and quartz可知，1541年卡蒂埃第三次北航，他进一步探险，发现了他认为是黄金和宝石的“宝物”。故F项符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。4岁时的一次坐船经历点燃了麦克阿瑟环游世界的激情，她最终实现了梦想，把不可能变成了可能。
14.B “我”突然想到，这艘船拥有带“我们”到世界上任何地方所需要的一切。It strikes/struck sb that ...为固定句型，意为“某人突然想到……”。
15.D 这一切让麦克阿瑟开阔了眼界，感受到极大的自由感。
16.A 这次经历点燃了她想环游世界的激情。
17.C 她想要环游世界，从小在乡下长大的她不知道如何做到这一点。
18.B 她为此获取知识，攒了多年的钱。
19.A 八年里，她只吃土豆和豆类，终于攒够了钱购买合适的设备。
20.B 这里指做好了经济上和航海知识上的储备，询问的应该是航海技术问题。
21.B 参见上题解析。
22.C 麦克阿瑟觉得她离自己追求的目标越来越近了。
23.D 不可能的事也可能发生，把目标定得高并不一定是一件疯狂的事情。
24.D 麦克阿瑟成为一名航海者的计划似乎超出了她的预期。
25.B 她开始受到媒体的关注。
26.C 四年后，麦克阿瑟选择航行71天14个小时，航程超过26，000英里。
27.D 尽管这一纪录已经被打破，麦克阿瑟仍然被认为是英国最成功的航海赛选手。
28.A 所以当你知道你要去哪里的时候，你实际可以到达那里，即使这看起来是不可能的。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。中国新型深海载人潜水器“奋斗者”在马里亚纳海沟潜水10，909米，创下中国载人深潜新纪录。
29.national 设空处作定语，应用形容词修饰名词短语diving record。故填national。
30.have visited 根据时间状语so far可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语people表示复数意义，助动词用have，故填have visited。
31.carrying 此处是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语each one指代上文的divers，动词carry和divers之间是主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。故填carrying。
32.the 形容词最高级deepest前应用定冠词the。
33.depth 分析句子结构并结合空前的a可知，设空处应用名词，故填depth。
34.which 分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，代指前面整句话，在从句中作主语，故填which。
35.to bear allow sb/sth to do sth允许某人/某物做某事。故填to bear。
36.with 根据语境可知，此处指“用其灵活的机械臂”，应用介词with。
37.currently 设空处作状语，应用副词形式，故填currently。
38.exploration 设空处应用名词作宾语，exploration意为“探索”，为不可数名词。
5 / 6Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
复习动词不定式
①To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
②Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.
③Here， merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals， which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
④These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.
⑤To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.
⑥The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.
⑦Trading has grown greatly in recent years， and will continue to do so in years to come.
⑧China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes， which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
⑨Hundreds of years on， and with the latest technology in hand， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
【我的发现】
1.以上句子中的黑体部分都用了动词不定式。动词不定式在句①和句⑤中作 ，在句⑦和句⑧中作 ，在句②中作 ，在句⑥中作 ，在句④和句⑨中作 ，在句③中作 。
2.动词不定式的一般式的结构为 ；完成式的结构为 。
一、动词不定式的句法功能
动词不定式在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，它多表示具体的或某次具体行为。
1.作主语
动词不定式作主语可以表示将来特定的某一次具体动作。
To reuse and recycle this kind of waste is to save resources to a large extent.再利用和回收这种垃圾在很大程度上是节约资源。
（2023·1月浙江卷）But no matter when you travel， it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。
名师点津
动词不定式短语作主语时可以组成常用句式“It＋be＋adj.＋of/for sb to do sth”，其中，it是形式主语，动词不定式短语是真正的主语，且当形容词表达事物的特征时，其后用for sb，而当形容词表达人的特征或品质时，其后用of sb。It is generous of him to contribute so much.
他贡献这么多，真是太慷慨了。
It is important for us to live a low carbon life.
对我们来说，过低碳生活很重要。
To predict the future with certainty is impossible.
＝It is impossible to predict the future with certainty.
准确地预测未来是不可能的。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
① （grasp） all is to lose all.
②It is important for us students （work） out on a regular basis.
③It will be beneficial for you （adapt） to the new environment and life.
④You can’t help wondering how hard it was for the people then （put） all those rocks into place.
2.作表语
动词不定式作表语时须放在系动词后面，表示具体动作或将来动作，系动词除be外，还有seem、 appear等。
（1）带wh-疑问词的动词不定式短语可作表语。
（2）句中如果主语部分有实义动词do的各种形式，作表语的动词不定式实际上是do的引申，即表示do所做的内容，这时动词不定式可省略to。
Her wish is to become a teacher.
她的愿望是当一名教师。
Our difficulty is where to find a guide.
我们的困难是到哪里去找向导。
He seems （appears） to be living in the area.
他似乎正住在这个地区。
The least I can do is （to） write to you.
我至少能做到的是给你写信。
【即时演练2】 单句语法填空
①What the plan does is （ensure） a fair pension for all.
②To know everything is （know） nothing.
③There are two tragedies in life.One is not to get your heart’s desire.The other is （get） it.
3.作宾语
英语中有些动词后接另一动词作宾语时，该动词习惯上要用动词不定式形式，而不用动词-ing形式，这类动词（及短语动词）主要有：
三个希望两答应：hope、 wish、 want、 agree、 promise
两个要求莫拒绝：demand、 ask、 refuse
设法学会做决定：manage、 learn、 decide
不要假装在选择：pretend、 choose
What I want to know is when we’re going to get paid.我想知道的是我们什么时候发工资。
He didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry when he heard the words.
听了这些话，他啼笑皆非。
It is necessary for you to learn from others.
你有必要向别人学习。
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The main reason is that your self-control is not strong and you tend （distract） in class.
②If it is convenient for you next Tuesday， I expect （have） a wonderful talk with you.
③Inspired by Dr Yuan， I’m determined （study） hard now.
④To arouse students’ interest in learning English， we’ve planned . （邀请信）
为了激发学生学习英语的兴趣，我们计划举办一次英语戏剧比赛。
4.作定语
动词不定式作定语，通常位于所修饰的词之后，即作后置定语，说明被修饰词的特征。
（1）抽象名词ability、 attempt、 chance、 courage、 decision、 effort、 failure、 promise、 way、 wish等后常接动词不定式作定语。
（2）序数词、形容词最高级或the only/the last/the next等后或被这些词修饰的名词后，也常接动词不定式作定语。
Can you think up a good way to deal with the ever increasing prices？你们能想出一个对付日益上涨的物价的好办法吗？
I’ve got my wife and son to look after.
我还有妻子和儿子需要照顾。
But she gave up the chance to go abroad.
但是她放弃了出国的机会。
Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night？昨晚谁是最后一个离开教室的？
名师点津
（1）如果动词不定式和被修饰词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，则动词不定式多半表示未来的动作，翻译时常须在动词不定式前加“要”字。
（2）在处于动宾关系的情况下，如果动词不定式是不及物动词，其后要加一个结构上或含义上所需的介词。
【即时演练4】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）Cycling is the most economical， sustainable and fun way （explore） the city.
②（2023·1月浙江卷）The last day （cancel） registration and receive a full refund is 15 June.
③I’m glad you’ve got the chance （study） in China and I really do suggest you come.
5.作状语
动词不定式作状语时可以表示目的、结果、原因、条件、方式等。
We went there to see our grandparents.（表示目的）
我们去那里看我们的祖父母。
I am very sorry to hear that.（表示原因）
听到这，我很抱歉。
She hurried home only to find her father dead.（表示结果）
她匆匆赶到家，却发现父亲已经去世了。
He cleared his throat as though to speak.（表示方式）
他清了清喉咙，好像要说话的样子。
名师点津
（1）动词不定式作目的状语除了用to do表示外，还可以用in order to do或so as to do。
（2）动词不定式作结果状语时常常表示一种出乎意料的结果，其前往往有only作为标志。
【即时演练5】 单句语法填空
①The boy worked so hard （make） up for the lost time.
②After the war they left home， never （see） each other again.
③ （live） is to function.That is all there is in living.
④Anxiously， she took the dress out of the package and tried it on， only （find） it didn’t fit.
6.作宾语补足语
（1）动词不定式作宾语补足语时跟在某些及物动词的宾语之后，对宾语作进一步的补充说明，并与该宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这类及物动词常见的有advise、 allow、 ask、 beg、 cause、 command、 inspire、 encourage等。
（2）一些使役动词（如make、 let、 have等）和表示感觉的动词或动词短语（如see、 watch、 observe、 notice、 hear、 feel、 look at、 listen to等）作宾语补足语的动词不定式须省略to。
The lady had the beggar eat with her servants.
那个女士让乞丐和她的仆人们一起吃饭。
The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour.
老师让那个淘气的男孩在那儿站了一个小时。
I noticed the woman leave the party at about 10 o’clock.
我注意到那位女士大约10点钟离开了聚会。
名师点津
在某些表示心理状态的动词（如believe、 find、 consider、 prove、 suppose、 think、 declare等）后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式往往是“to be＋形容词”，这时，这些动词后的to be通常可以省略。
They believe him （to be） innocent.
他们相信他是无辜的。
【即时演练6】 完成句子
①His father doesn’t allow him .
他的爸爸不允许他玩电脑游戏。
②The thief was seen the bus.
有人看见小偷上了公共汽车。
③The policeman observed the man .
警察看见这个人打开了窗户。
二、动词不定式的形式
1.动词不定式的主动形式
一般式 to do
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done
（1）动词不定式的一般式（to do）所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
I noticed him go out.
我看见他出去了。（notice与go out同时发生）
I plan to attend the party to be held tomorrow.
我打算参加明天举行的聚会。（attend的动作在plan后发生）
（2）动词不定式的进行式（to be doing）表示动词不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
They are reported to be working hard.
据报道，他们正努力地工作。（be reported与work同时发生）
I am very glad to be working with you.
我非常乐意与你一起工作。（be glad与work同时发生）
（3）动词不定式的完成式（to have done）表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
I’m very sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.
很抱歉让你久等了。（keep发生在be sorry前）
He is believed to have come.
相信他已经来了。（come发生在believe前）
名师点津
（1）在intended、 expected、 hoped、 promised等动词后常用动词不定式的完成式表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待或计划等。
（2）在seem、 appear等表示看法与想法的动词后常用动词不定式的完成式表示该动作先于另一个动作发生。此结构也常用以it作形式主语的结构代替。
He seems to have bought the new book.
＝It seems that he has bought the new book.
他好像已经买了那本新书。
2.动词不定式的被动形式
动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词与其是被动关系时，动词不定式一般使用被动形式。
形式 构成 意义
一般式 to be done 表示发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生的被动动作
完成式 to have been done 表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作
Sometimes to be understood is not an easy job.
有时被理解并不是一件容易的事。
The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.
那个男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。
No harm seems to have been done.
似乎并没有什么危害发生。（harm是do的承受者，且发生在seem前）
名师点津
want、 need、 require作“需要”讲时，后常接动词不定式的被动形式或动词-ing形式的主动形式。
The house wants repairing/to be repaired.
这座房子需要修理了。
These flowers need watering/to be watered once a day.
这些花需要每天浇一次水。
【即时演练7】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He isn’t feeling well.He appears （catch） a cold.
②He had intended （return） after receiving the first letter from Tess.
③The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle （hear）.
④When her parents came back last night，she .
昨天晚上当她父母回来时，她碰巧正在做作业。
profession n.职业；行业
【教材原句】 Henry Norman Bethune devoted his life and profession to helping people without expecting anything in return.
亨利·诺曼·白求恩把他的生命和职业生涯都用来帮助人们，而不求任何回报。
【用法】
（1）by profession 在职业上；就职业来说
（2）professional adj. 专业的；职业的；职业性的
n. 专业人员；职业运动员
（3）professionally adv. 职业地
【佳句】 ①A software engineer by profession， Steve was a keen lover of the piano.
史蒂夫的职业是软件工程师，他酷爱钢琴。
②After he won the amateur championship he turned professional.
他获得业余比赛的冠军后便转为职业运动员了。
③A doctor who gives away confidential information about patients is not behaving professionally. 医生把病人的私人资料透露出来是违反职业道德的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He dealt with the problem in a highly （profession） way.
②Ville’s wife is Chinese and she is a cook profession.
【写美】 完成句子
③ ， work hard to be the best！
无论你选择什么职业，努力做到最好吧！
④If it’s a legal matter you need .
如果是法律问题，你需要寻求专业建议。
⑤Since they were professionals， the situation .因为他们是专业人士，所以情况得到了专业的处理。
mixture n.混合；结合体；混合物
【教材原句】 Reaching out across the sea is often a mixture of danger and boredom.
远渡重洋往往既危险又无聊。
【用法】
（1）mix vi.& vt.（使）混合；（使）掺和
mix with 与……混合；融合
mix A with B＝mix A and B （together）
把A与B混合起来/融合在一起
mix up 混淆；弄混；弄乱
（2）mixed adj. 混合的；混杂的
have mixed feelings （about sb/sth） （对……）有矛盾的感情
【佳句】 With a mixture of fear and anxiety， Mary started leaving the restaurant to search for her friend.带着恐惧和焦虑，玛丽开始离开餐厅去寻找她的朋友。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I listened to his adventure with a （mix） of amusement and disbelief.
②I don’t like to mix business pleasure.
【写美】 完成句子
③Looking back on his childhood， he .
回顾他的童年，他充满了复杂的感情。
④The reason why I love the city is .
我喜欢这个城市的原因是它是新旧建筑的混合体。
applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏
【教材原句】 The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work.
观众起立为科学家们重要的海洋研究工作鼓掌。
【用法】
（1）applaud for 为……鼓掌/喝彩
（2）applause n. 鼓掌；掌声
gain one’s applause 赢得某人的掌声
burst into thunderous/storming applause 爆发出雷鸣般的掌声
【佳句】 The competitors were sewing and attaching with their skillful hands， during which the classmates were cheering and applauding.选手们用娴熟的双手缝制、粘贴，同学们在一旁欢呼、鼓掌。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①All her teachers and classmates applauded her and there was a wide smile on her face.
②When I finished my performance， the audience burst into （applaud）.
【写美】 完成句子
③His perfect performance .
他精彩的表演赢得了观众的掌声。
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 目的状语
2.to do to have done
即时演练1
①To grasp ②to work ③to adapt ④to put
即时演练2
①（to） ensure ②to know ③to get
即时演练3
①to be distracted ②to have ③to study
④to hold an English Drama Competition
即时演练4
①to explore ②to cancel ③to study
即时演练5
①to make ②to see ③To live ④to find
即时演练6
①to play computer games ②to get on ③open the window
即时演练7
①to have caught ②to return ③to be heard
④happened to be doing her homework
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①professional ②by ③Whatever profession you choose
④to seek professional advice ⑤was handled professionally
2.①mixture ②with ③is full of mixed feelings
④that it is a mixture of old and new buildings
3.①for ②applause ③gained the audience’s applause
7 / 8(共103张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Learning About Language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
复习动词不定式
①To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the
people of early civilisations.
②Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea
routes from west to east.
③Here， merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate
trade deals， which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
④These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at
that time.
⑤To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.
⑥The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across
the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between
China and the rest of the world.
⑦Trading has grown greatly in recent years， and will continue to do so
in years to come.
⑧China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes，
which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future
trade and cultural exchange.
⑨Hundreds of years on， and with the latest technology in hand， the
need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to
reach out across the sea far into the future.
【我的发现】
1. 以上句子中的黑体部分都用了动词不定式。动词不定式在句①和句
⑤中作 ，在句⑦和句⑧中作 ，在句②中作
，在句⑥中作 ，在句④和句⑨中作 ，在
句③中作 。
2. 动词不定式的一般式的结构为 ；完成式的结构为
。
主语
宾语
宾语
补足语
表语
定语
目的状语
to do
to have
done
一、动词不定式的句法功能
动词不定式在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足
语，它多表示具体的或某次具体行为。
1. 作主语
动词不定式作主语可以表示将来特定的某一次具体动作。
To reuse and recycle this kind of waste is to save resources to a large
extent.
再利用和回收这种垃圾在很大程度上是节约资源。
（2023·1月浙江卷）But no matter when you travel， it’s a good
idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。
名师点津
动词不定式短语作主语时可以组成常用句式“It＋be＋adj.＋of/for sb
to do sth”，其中，it是形式主语，动词不定式短语是真正的主语，且
当形容词表达事物的特征时，其后用for sb，而当形容词表达人的特征
或品质时，其后用of sb。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.
他贡献这么多，真是太慷慨了。
It is important for us to live a low carbon life.
对我们来说，过低碳生活很重要。
To predict the future with certainty is impossible.
＝It is impossible to predict the future with certainty.
准确地预测未来是不可能的。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
① （grasp） all is to lose all.
②It is important for us students （work） out on a regular
basis.
③It will be beneficial for you （adapt） to the new
environment and life.
④You can’t help wondering how hard it was for the people then
（put） all those rocks into place.
To grasp
to work
to adapt
to
put
2. 作表语
动词不定式作表语时须放在系动词后面，表示具体动作或将来动
作，系动词除be外，还有seem、 appear等。
（1）带wh-疑问词的动词不定式短语可作表语。
（2）句中如果主语部分有实义动词do的各种形式，作表语的动词
不定式实际上是do的引申，即表示do所做的内容，这时动词
不定式可省略to。
Her wish is to become a teacher.
她的愿望是当一名教师。
Our difficulty is where to find a guide.
我们的困难是到哪里去找向导。
He seems （appears） to be living in the area.
他似乎正住在这个地区。
The least I can do is （to） write to you.
我至少能做到的是给你写信。
【即时演练2】 单句语法填空
①What the plan does is （ensure） a fair pension
for all.
②To know everything is （know） nothing.
③There are two tragedies in life.One is not to get your heart’s
desire.The other is （get） it.
（to） ensure
to know
to get
3. 作宾语
英语中有些动词后接另一动词作宾语时，该动词习惯上要用动
词不定式形式，而不用动词-ing形式，这类动词（及短语动
词）主要有：
三个希望两答应：hope、 wish、 want、 agree、 promise
两个要求莫拒绝：demand、 ask、 refuse
设法学会做决定：manage、 learn、 decide
不要假装在选择：pretend、 choose
What I want to know is when we’re going to get paid.
我想知道的是我们什么时候发工资。
He didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry when he heard the words.
听了这些话，他啼笑皆非。
It is necessary for you to learn from others.
你有必要向别人学习。
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The main reason is that your self-control is not strong and you
tend （distract） in class.
②If it is convenient for you next Tuesday， I expect
（have） a wonderful talk with you.
③Inspired by Dr Yuan， I’m determined （study） hard
now.
④To arouse students’ interest in learning English， we’ve
planned . （邀请信）
为了激发学生学习英语的兴趣，我们计划举办一次英语戏剧比赛。
to be distracted
to have
to study
to hold an English Drama Competition
4. 作定语
动词不定式作定语，通常位于所修饰的词之后，即作后置定语，说
明被修饰词的特征。
（1）抽象名词ability、 attempt、 chance、 courage、 decision、
effort、 failure、 promise、 way、 wish等后常接动词不定式
作定语。
（2）序数词、形容词最高级或the only/the last/the next等后或被这
些词修饰的名词后，也常接动词不定式作定语。
Can you think up a good way to deal with the ever increasing
prices？
你们能想出一个对付日益上涨的物价的好办法吗？
I’ve got my wife and son to look after.
我还有妻子和儿子需要照顾。
But she gave up the chance to go abroad.
但是她放弃了出国的机会。
Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night？
昨晚谁是最后一个离开教室的？
名师点津
（1）如果动词不定式和被修饰词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，则动词
不定式多半表示未来的动作，翻译时常须在动词不定式前加
“要”字。
（2）在处于动宾关系的情况下，如果动词不定式是不及物动词，其
后要加一个结构上或含义上所需的介词。
【即时演练4】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）Cycling is the most economical， sustainable
and fun way （explore） the city.
②（2023·1月浙江卷）The last day （cancel） registration
and receive a full refund is 15 June.
③I’m glad you’ve got the chance （study） in China and
I really do suggest you come.
to explore
to cancel
to study
5. 作状语
动词不定式作状语时可以表示目的、结果、原因、条件、方式等。
We went there to see our grandparents.（表示目的）
我们去那里看我们的祖父母。
I am very sorry to hear that.（表示原因）
听到这，我很抱歉。
She hurried home only to find her father dead.（表示结果）
她匆匆赶到家，却发现父亲已经去世了。
He cleared his throat as though to speak.（表示方式）
他清了清喉咙，好像要说话的样子。
名师点津
（1）动词不定式作目的状语除了用to do表示外，还可以用in order to
do或so as to do。
（2）动词不定式作结果状语时常常表示一种出乎意料的结果，其前
往往有only作为标志。
【即时演练5】 单句语法填空
①The boy worked so hard （make） up for the lost time.
②After the war they left home， never （see） each other
again.
③ （live） is to function.That is all there is in living.
④Anxiously， she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，
only （find） it didn’t fit.
to make
to see
To live
to find
6. 作宾语补足语
（1）动词不定式作宾语补足语时跟在某些及物动词的宾语之后，
对宾语作进一步的补充说明，并与该宾语构成逻辑上的主谓
关系。这类及物动词常见的有advise、 allow、 ask、 beg、
cause、 command、 inspire、 encourage等。
（2）一些使役动词（如make、 let、 have等）和表示感觉的动词
或动词短语（如see、 watch、 observe、 notice、 hear、
feel、 look at、 listen to等）作宾语补足语的动词不定式须省
略to。
The lady had the beggar eat with her servants.
那个女士让乞丐和她的仆人们一起吃饭。
The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour.
老师让那个淘气的男孩在那儿站了一个小时。
I noticed the woman leave the party at about 10 o’clock.
我注意到那位女士大约10点钟离开了聚会。
名师点津
在某些表示心理状态的动词（如believe、 find、 consider、 prove、
suppose、 think、 declare等）后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式往往是
“to be＋形容词”，这时，这些动词后的to be通常可以省略。
They believe him （to be） innocent.
他们相信他是无辜的。
【即时演练6】 完成句子
①His father doesn’t allow him .
他的爸爸不允许他玩电脑游戏。
②The thief was seen the bus.
有人看见小偷上了公共汽车。
③The policeman observed the man .
警察看见这个人打开了窗户。
to play computer games
to get on
open the window
二、动词不定式的形式
1. 动词不定式的主动形式
一般式 to do
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done
（1）动词不定式的一般式（to do）所表示的动作通常与谓语动词
所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
I noticed him go out.
我看见他出去了。（notice与go out同时发生）
I plan to attend the party to be held tomorrow.
我打算参加明天举行的聚会。（attend的动作在plan后发生）
（2）动词不定式的进行式（to be doing）表示动词不定式的动作与
谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
They are reported to be working hard.
据报道，他们正努力地工作。（be reported与work同时发
生）
I am very glad to be working with you.
我非常乐意与你一起工作。（be glad与work同时发生）
（3）动词不定式的完成式（to have done）表示动词不定式的动作
发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
I’m very sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.
很抱歉让你久等了。（keep发生在be sorry前）
He is believed to have come.
相信他已经来了。（come发生在believe前）
名师点津
（1）在intended、 expected、 hoped、 promised等动词后常用动词不
定式的完成式表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待或计划等。
（2）在seem、 appear等表示看法与想法的动词后常用动词不定式的
完成式表示该动作先于另一个动作发生。此结构也常用以it作形
式主语的结构代替。
He seems to have bought the new book.
＝It seems that he has bought the new book.
他好像已经买了那本新书。
2. 动词不定式的被动形式
动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词与其是被动关系时，动词不定式一
般使用被动形式。
形式 构成 意义
一般式 to be done 表示发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生的被动
动作
完成式 to have been done 表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作
有时被理解并不是一件容易的事。
The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.
那个男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。
No harm seems to have been done.
似乎并没有什么危害发生。（harm是do的承受者，且发生在
seem前）
Sometimes to be understood is not an easy job.
名师点津
want、 need、 require作“需要”讲时，后常接动词不定式的被动形式
或动词-ing形式的主动形式。
The house wants repairing/to be repaired.
这座房子需要修理了。
These flowers need watering/to be watered once a day.
这些花需要每天浇一次水。
【即时演练7】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He isn’t feeling well.He appears （catch） a
cold.
②He had intended （return） after receiving the first letter
from Tess.
③The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle
（hear）.
④When her parents came back last night，she
.
昨天晚上当她父母回来时，她碰巧正在做作业。
to have caught
to return
to
be heard
happened to be doing her
homework
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
profession n.职业；行业
【教材原句】 Henry Norman Bethune devoted his life and profession
to helping people without expecting anything in return. 亨利·诺曼·白求恩
把他的生命和职业生涯都用来帮助人们，而不求任何回报。
【用法】
（1）by profession 在职业上；就职业来说
（2）professional adj. 专业的；职业的；职业性的
n. 专业人员；职业运动员
（3）professionally adv. 职业地
【佳句】 ①A software engineer by profession， Steve was a keen
lover of the piano.
史蒂夫的职业是软件工程师，他酷爱钢琴。
②After he won the amateur championship he turned professional.
他获得业余比赛的冠军后便转为职业运动员了。
③A doctor who gives away confidential information about patients is not
behaving professionally.
医生把病人的私人资料透露出来是违反职业道德的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He dealt with the problem in a highly （profession）
way.
②Ville’s wife is Chinese and she is a cook profession.
professional
by
【写美】 完成句子
③ ， work hard to be the best！
无论你选择什么职业，努力做到最好吧！
④If it’s a legal matter you need .
如果是法律问题，你需要寻求专业建议。
⑤Since they were professionals， the situation
.
因为他们是专业人士，所以情况得到了专业的处理。
Whatever profession you choose
to seek professional advice
was handled
professionally
mixture n.混合；结合体；混合物
【教材原句】 Reaching out across the sea is often a mixture of danger
and boredom.
远渡重洋往往既危险又无聊。
（1）mix vi.& vt.（使）混合；（使）掺和
mix with 与……混合；融合
mix A with B＝mix A and B （together） 把A与B混合起来/融合在
一起
mix up 混淆；弄混；弄乱
（2）mixed adj. 混合的；混杂的
have mixed feelings （about sb/sth） （对……）有矛盾的感情
【用法】
【佳句】 With a mixture of fear and anxiety， Mary started leaving the
restaurant to search for her friend.带着恐惧和焦虑，玛丽开始离开餐厅
去寻找她的朋友。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I listened to his adventure with a （mix） of amusement
and disbelief.
②I don’t like to mix business pleasure.
mixture
with
【写美】 完成句子
③Looking back on his childhood， he .
回顾他的童年，他充满了复杂的感情。
④The reason why I love the city is
.
我喜欢这个城市的原因是它是新旧建筑的混合体。
is full of mixed feelings
that it is a mixture of old and new
buildings
applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏
【教材原句】 The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important
ocean research work.
观众起立为科学家们重要的海洋研究工作鼓掌。
【用法】
（1）applaud for 为……鼓掌/喝彩
（2）applause n. 鼓掌；掌声
gain one’s applause 赢得某人的掌声
burst into thunderous/storming applause 爆发出雷鸣般的掌声
【佳句】 The competitors were sewing and attaching with their skillful
hands， during which the classmates were cheering and applauding.
选手们用娴熟的双手缝制、粘贴，同学们在一旁欢呼、鼓掌。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①All her teachers and classmates applauded her and there was a
wide smile on her face.
②When I finished my performance， the audience burst
into （applaud）.
for
applause
【写美】 完成句子
③His perfect performance .
他精彩的表演赢得了观众的掌声。
gained the audience’s applause
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
1. （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）I feel an urge （express） my
different voices，hoping that this wouldn’t offend you.
2. I’d like to invite you to take part in our 3-km race
（hold） in our playground this Saturday morning.
3. Ariel found that the swan which buried its neck in its wings
seemed （lose） its energy.
to express
to be held
to have lost
4. In my opinion， it is necessary for us （practice）
kung fu， because it can help us keep healthy.
5. （solve） this problem， you must combine theory with
practice.
6. The next morning， we hurried into the kitchen and looked for Dad，
only （find） that he had gone out.
7. My suggestion is that you should take this opportunity
（prove） yourself.
to practice
To solve
to find
to prove
维度二：语法与写作
1. 上初三时，我的目标是成为全班最好的学生。（动词不定式作
表语）
2. 为了实现这个目标，我决定像我的同桌一样每天熬夜学习到半夜。
（动词不定式作目的状语和宾语）
When I was a junior three student， my aim was to be the best student
in my class.
To achieve this goal， I decided to stay up to study until midnight like
my deskmate.
3. 我努力第一个到，最后一个走，却发现我上课总是发困。（动词不
定式作定语和结果状语）
4. 保持充足的睡眠是很重要的。（动词不定式作真正主语）
5. 他建议我制定一个适合我自己的计划。（动词不定式作宾语补
足语）
I tried to be the first to arrive and the last to leave， only to find myself
always sleepy in class.
It was very important to have enough sleep.
He advised me to make a plan that/which is suitable for myself.
维度三：语法与语篇
用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文。
Not that long ago， my first thought at mealtimes was 1.
（eat） at a restaurant.I was eager 2. （try） new
restaurants.3. （eat） out was also a social activity，allowing
me 4.
to eat
to try
To eat
（enhance） the relationship with my friends.I often ate out
until last month，when I came across a cooking app.There are a variety of
recipes in the app 5. （choose） from.They are uploaded
by users，and offer detailed instructions so that others can follow them
step by step.Most of the recipes include photos or videos，which are very
useful for beginners.When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try， I
discovered that it was not that difficult 6.
to enhance
to choose
（make） a simple and tasty dish.In the past few weeks，
I’ve thrown myself into home cooking， from boiling noodles in the pot
to 7. （fry） steak in the pan.I hardly eat out any more.Not
only is cooking at home cheaper， but I can cook exactly what I
want.It’s healthier too.No wonder people say nothing beats home
cooking！
to make
frying
Now I am good at 8. （cook） a couple of dishes.My
plan is 9. （invite） my friends over at the weekend 10.
（show） them my new-found skills.I hope that they will like my
cooking！
cooking
to invite
to
show
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·山东六校高二下月考）The quality of our seafood has been
in the news a lot lately.A new study has found that people who eat seafood
are also eating plastic — 11，000 pieces of microplastic per year to be
exact.
Researchers at the University of Ghent in Belgium found that seafood
eaters are consuming plastic at a concerning rate.
“Per serving of mussels， which contains about 300 grams of
mussel meat， you get 300 pieces of plastic inside your body，”
researchers wrote.Researchers don’t yet know the implications of eating
microplastic， but they worry that it could have negative consequences on
our health.
While we don’t know what microplastic does yet to humans， we
do know what it does to sea animals.In prior studies， scientists have
found that when fish eat microplastics， it prevents their growth and
changes their feeding patterns.In fact， fish will stop eating natural
sources of nutrients， and only go for plastic.
When you’re done using plastic， a small portion may be
recycled.However， more than likely it’s in a landfill or making its way
towards the ocean.Once trash hits the water， sea creatures may mistake it
for food.This often leads to poisoning or death.If the marine animal gets
caught for human consumption， the plastic may very well make its way
back to you — on your dinner plate.
According to a study published in Science magazine， eight million
tons of plastic go into our waterways every year.The problem is so serious
that scientists say that by 2050 the weight of plastic in our oceans will
outweigh fish.And just because it’s out of sight doesn’t mean it should
be out of mind.
There’s no immediate way to prevent microplastic from ending up
in your body.However， you can help reduce the amount of plastic
reaching rivers， lakes and oceans in the first place.You can make a
difference with your choices every day.Even small changes will add
up.While your salmon dinner may contain microplastic， you can help
prevent the future generations from having that same problem.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人类不负责任地将塑料丢进海洋，
可是，让我们意想不到的是，这些塑料又通过海洋生物回到了我们
的餐桌。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人类不负责任地将塑料丢进海洋，
可是，让我们意想不到的是，这些塑料又通过海洋生物回到了我们
的餐桌。
1. What does the underlined word “implications” in Paragraph 3
probably mean？（ ）
A. Real functions.
B. Possible effects.
C. Logical reasons.
D. Potential benefits.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，作者这里在谈论海鲜中
所含塑料微粒对人类所带来的影响。因此画线词意为“可能的影
响”。
2. What can we learn about microplastics in the oceans？（ ）
A. They make fish grow quickly.
B. Fish are sick and tired of them.
C. Fish tend to be addicted to them.
D. They don’t affect fish’s eating habits.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，海洋中的塑料微粒会影
响鱼类的生长、改变它们的饮食习惯；而且，它们可能会放弃原来
有营养的食物而喜欢上塑料。
3. Which proverb can best summarize the main idea of Paragraph 5？
（ ）
A. You get what you pay for.
B. There is no smoke without fire.
C. Everything happens for a reason.
D. What goes around comes around.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第五段可知，本段主要告诉我们：我
们丢弃的塑料最终又回到了我们的餐桌。也就是说去的（goes
around）又回来了（comes around）。
4. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the last paragraph？（ ）
A. To give us a final warning.
B. To appeal to us for action.
C. To offer us a brief summary.
D. To send us a gentle reminder.
解析： 写作意图题。根据最后两段可知，倒数第二段指出我们
所面临形势的严峻性，最后一段主要呼吁我们采取实际行动来解决
此问题。
B
（2024·郑州高二下期末）A scientist has spent forty years studying
the Loch Ness monster （尼斯湖水怪）. Why does this mythical monster
attract so many people？
Adrian Shine has patrolled （巡逻） lakes by day and night. He’s
taken countless photos， and he’s used all the latest technological
advances to uncover the mystery behind Loch Ness monster. Twenty-five
years ago this week， he led a search of Loch Ness called Operation
Deepscan.
Shine may have gone to unusual lengths in his hunt for the Loch Ness
monster， but he is far from alone in being attracted by it. Willie
Cameron， an expert on the Highland tourism market， says about one
million people visit Loch Ness and the surrounding area every year， with
the value to the economy worth about ￡25m. And he says more than 85%
of them are attracted by the phenomenon of the Loch Ness monster.
“Loch Ness has become a brand as big as Elvis Presley， Madonna and
Coca-Cola — but by default rather than design，” he says.
So when did the Loch Ness monster gain such mythical status， and
what is the fascination with finding it？ Jonathan Downes， director of the
Centre for Fortean Zoology， says the legend of the monster dates back to
the 6th century， but it was not until the 1930s that it really took off.
Since then there has been a number of sightings， with more than a
thousand people insisting they have seen creatures in Loch Ness.
Downes says the strange thing about the Loch Ness monster is that
although it is “the most iconic mystery creature”， it is actually the one
with the least amount of evidence of its existence. So-called physical
evidence has turned out to be false， he says. So most of the legend
around what lies in Loch Ness comes from stories and sightings.
And Shine has first-hand experience of how unreliable they can be.
However， Shine says it is hard to get rid of people’s belief. Lots of
locals， too， believe there is something hiding in the loch， according to
Cameron. But Shine， who now is still hoping to find out what is behind
the mystery， says the beauty of the monster myth is that no one can
disprove it. “If Operation Deepscan proved one thing， it is that you
can’t kill a legend with science，” he says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。尼斯湖水怪被称为世界十大自然之
谜之一。本文通过几位专家的观点说明这一怪兽很有可能只是子虚
乌有的美丽传说。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。尼斯湖水怪被称为世界十大自然之
谜之一。本文通过几位专家的观点说明这一怪兽很有可能只是子虚
乌有的美丽传说。
5. The Loch Ness monster was compared to Elvis Presley for .
（ ）
A. they both come from the US
B. they’re both extremely famous
C. they’re both based on legend stories
D. they both improved the tourism industry
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者之所以将尼斯湖水
怪与Elvis Presley、Madonna 及Coca-Cola等明星及知名品牌并列，
是因为他们都具有非常高的知名度与广泛的影响力。
6. The Loch Ness monster has been widely known by people .
（ ）
A. since 100 years ago
B. since 90 years ago
C. since 60 years ago
D. since 50 years ago
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段可知，尼斯湖水怪的传说可以
追溯到公元6世纪，但是直到20世纪30年代它才真正广为人知。
7. According to Jonathan Downes， what’s strange about the Loch Ness
monster？（ ）
A. It has worldwide influence.
B. It becomes a symbol of an area.
C. It seldom comes out in the daytime.
D. It lacks enough proof for its existence.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，在Jonathan Downes看
来，关于尼斯湖水怪，最为奇怪的是它虽然影响力很大，但是并没
有任何证据证明其真正存在。
8. What’s Adrian Shine’s attitude towards the Loch Ness monster？
（ ）
A. Curious. B. Puzzled.
C. Doubtful. D. Positive.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Adrian Shine根据自己
第一手经历认为尼斯湖水怪这一传说是不可靠的，再结合他的讲话
可以判断，他对此持怀疑态度。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·昆明高二下质检）French explorer Jacques Cartier is known
mainly for exploring the St.Lawrence River and giving Canada its name.
Like many other European explorers，Jacques Cartier went to North
America looking for gold，and perhaps a shortcut to Asia.9.（ ） It
became France’s main route into Canada.
Jacques Cartier was born on 31 December 1491 in Brittany， a
province of France.In about 1534，the king of France asked him to lead
an expedition to the New World in search of riches and a new route to
Asia.
10. （ ） There he and his crew explored the land around the
Gulf of Saint Lawrence and met Native Americans.When he sailed back to
France， he took with him two native Americans.
11. （ ） This time， Cartier sailed deeper into the Gulf of Saint
Lawrence and into the Saint Lawrence River.The two Native Americans
he had taken before had learned French， and they served as guides.About
260 miles inland， Cartier reached the Native American village of
Stadacona.Today， the city of Quebec stands near that place.
Cartier and his men were among the first Europeans to winter in what
is now Canada.12.（ ） After returning to France he reported tales
told by the native people of treasures farther inland.
Cartier once again crossed the Atlantic in 1541.13.（ ） When
he returned to France in 1542，he was told that they were just the common
minerals pyrite （黄铁矿） （fool’s gold） and quartz （石英）.
A. A second voyage came in May 1535.
B. Instead he found the Saint Lawrence River.
C. The bitter cold surprised them， and some of the men died.
D. He made three voyages of exploration in dangerous waters.
E. Cartier was considered one of the most devoted explorers of the period.
F. He explored further and found what he thought were gold and
diamonds.
G. In the spring of 1534 Cartier sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to what is
now Canada.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了法国探险家雅克·卡
蒂埃的三次航海探险经历。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了法国探险家雅克·卡
蒂埃的三次航海探险经历。
9. B 根据空前的Jacques Cartier went to North America looking for
gold ...和空后的It became France’s main route into Canada.可知，B
项（相反，雅克·卡蒂埃发现了圣劳伦斯河）符合语境，且空后的It指
的就是B项中的the Saint Lawrence River。
10. G 根据上文中的In about 1534，the king of France asked him to
lead an expedition可推知，在1534年，卡蒂埃横渡大西洋到了现在的
加拿大。G项中的时间与上文相符，符合语境。
11. A 根据空后的This time， Cartier sailed deeper into the Gulf of
Saint Lawrence ...可推知，在1535年5月，卡蒂埃进行了第二次航
行。故A项符合语境。
12. C 根据空前的the first Europeans to winter in what is now Canada可
知，C项（加拿大的严寒令卡蒂埃和船员们难以承受，其中一些船员
死于严寒）符合语境。
13. F 根据空前的Cartier once again crossed the Atlantic和空后的he
was told that they were just the common minerals pyrite （fool’s gold）
and quartz可知，1541年卡蒂埃第三次北航，他进一步探险，发现了他
认为是黄金和宝石的“宝物”。故F项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·济南高二下期末）MacArthur’s love for sailing dates back
to when she was just 4 years old， when she first got the opportunity to
have a try on a boat.“It 14 me that this boat had everything we
needed to take us anywhere in the world.And as a child， that opened up
everything and made me feel the greatest sense of 15 ，” she
explained.
This experience 16 a passion within MacArthur that she wanted
to sail around the world.Growing up in the countryside， she had no idea
how to 17 it.However， she knew that that was what she wanted to
do at some stage.So she acquired knowledge and 18 for years to seek
her dream in sailing.Having merely potatoes and beans every day for eight
years， she 19 could afford the right equipment.By reaching
such 20 goals and asking technical questions about 21 ，
MacArthur felt as though she was getting 22 to her ambition.
“The impossible could be possible and 23 high is not
necessarily such a crazy thing to do，” she said.And it seems that
MacArthur’s 24 to become a sailor went beyond her
expectations.At the age of 24， she started to 25 media attention after
winning the second place in the Vendée Globe， a single-handed non-stop
yacht （帆船） race that went around the world.
Four years later， MacArthur chose to sail for 71 days and 14
hours， 26 more than 26，000 miles.This led her to set a new
record. 27 this record has been surpassed （超过），MacArthur is
still considered as Britain’s most successful offshore racer.
So when you know where you’re going， you can actually get
there — even if it seems 28 ！
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。4岁时的一次坐船经历点燃了麦克阿
瑟环游世界的激情，她最终实现了梦想，把不可能变成了可能。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。4岁时的一次坐船经历点燃了麦克阿
瑟环游世界的激情，她最终实现了梦想，把不可能变成了可能。
14. A. benefited B. struck
C. taught D. treated
解析： “我”突然想到，这艘船拥有带“我们”到世界上任
何地方所需要的一切。It strikes/struck sb that ...为固定句型，意
为“某人突然想到……”。
15. A. wonder B. magic
C. direction D. freedom
解析： 这一切让麦克阿瑟开阔了眼界，感受到极大的自由
感。
16. A. lighted B. left
C. carried D. invented
解析： 这次经历点燃了她想环游世界的激情。
17. A. approach B. gain
C. achieve D. forget
解析： 她想要环游世界，从小在乡下长大的她不知道如何做
到这一点。
18. A. made up B. saved up
C. turned up D. picked up
解析： 她为此获取知识，攒了多年的钱。
19. A. eventually B. fortunately
C. gradually D. definitely
解析： 八年里，她只吃土豆和豆类，终于攒够了钱购买合适
的设备。
20. A. personal B. financial
C. final D. academic
解析： 这里指做好了经济上和航海知识上的储备，询问的应
该是航海技术问题。
21. A. school B. sailing
C. driving D. business
解析： 参见上题解析。
22. A. further B. deeper
C. closer D. smarter
解析： 麦克阿瑟觉得她离自己追求的目标越来越近了。
23. A. working B. designing
C. meaning D. aiming
解析： 不可能的事也可能发生，把目标定得高并不一定是一
件疯狂的事情。
24. A. lesson B. mind
C. confidence D. plan
解析： 麦克阿瑟成为一名航海者的计划似乎超出了她的预
期。
25. A. accept B. receive C. enjoy D. keep
解析： 她开始受到媒体的关注。
26. A. including B. reaching
C. covering D. floating
解析： 四年后，麦克阿瑟选择航行71天14个小时，航程超过
26，000英里。
27. A. After B. When
C. Whether D. While
解析： 尽管这一纪录已经被打破，麦克阿瑟仍然被认为是英
国最成功的航海赛选手。
28. A. impossible B. constant
C. valuable D. available
解析： 所以当你知道你要去哪里的时候，你实际可以到达那
里，即使这看起来是不可能的。
Ⅳ.语法填空
China’s new deep-sea manned submersible Fendouzhe set a
29. （nation） diving record of 10，909 meters in the
Mariana Trench.Only a few people 30. （visit） the
bottom of the Mariana Trench so far.
Four hours after the task started， a group photo of three Chinese
divers was sent back， with each one 31. （carry） a food
plate in hand.They decided to work for six hours after they reached
32. deepest spot.That spot is known as the Challenger
Deep， with a 33. （deep） of over 10，900 meters.The
water pressure is 110 kPa， 34. makes designing and
operating submersibles difficult.
The cabin covering uses titanium （钛）， a perfect material with
high strength that allows the submersible 35. （bear）
water pressure at 10，000 meters under the sea.Powered by a battery，
Fendouzhe can pick up samples from the surrounding environment
36. its flexible robotic arms， which can work with the
accuracy of one centimeter.
Sylvia Earle， former chief scientist of the US NOAA， said that the
world is 37. （current） in the greatest age of deep-sea
research.China now is leading the world in many aspects of deep-sea
38. （explore）.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。中国新型深海载人潜水器“奋斗
者”在马里亚纳海沟潜水10，909米，创下中国载人深潜新纪录。
29. national 设空处作定语，应用形容词修饰名词短语diving
record。故填national。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。中国新型深海载人潜水器“奋斗
者”在马里亚纳海沟潜水10，909米，创下中国载人深潜新纪录。
30. have visited 根据时间状语so far可知，句子应用现在完成时，主
语people表示复数意义，助动词用have，故填have visited。
31. carrying 此处是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语each
one指代上文的divers，动词carry和divers之间是主谓关系，应用动词-
ing形式作宾语补足语。故填carrying。
32. the 形容词最高级deepest前应用定冠词the。
33. depth 分析句子结构并结合空前的a可知，设空处应用名词，故
填depth。
34. which 分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，代指
前面整句话，在从句中作主语，故填which。
35. to bear allow sb/sth to do sth允许某人/某物做某事。故填to bear。
36. with 根据语境可知，此处指“用其灵活的机械臂”，应用介词
with。
37. currently 设空处作状语，应用副词形式，故填currently。
38. exploration 设空处应用名词作宾语，exploration意为“探索”，
为不可数名词。
谢谢观看！
