Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.To tell the truth， I didn’t like the geophysicist from the bottom of my heart as he liked finding f with others.
2.He always helps his parents weed the garden， carry out the g and deliver newspapers.
3.He got into a panic when he realised that he couldn’t meet the d .
4.Actually he had got the news already but he p to know nothing about it.
5.O and environment-friendly products are becoming more and more popular among people.
6.In addition to his salary， he has a （奖金） of 6，000 yuan per month.
7.A teacher should know how to give proper （指导） to students in his teaching.
8.The old man has the habit of paying the cheque into his （储蓄金） account.
9.Rainfall has been evenly distributed this year and a good （收成） can be expected.
10.Our teacher always lays stress on honesty as an important （美德）.
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.Don’t be （discourage）， you’ll learn by and by.
2.Under the （guide） of the expert， we have made great progress.
3.Many farms are trying to advertise （organic） grown food for customers.
4.Yesterday I opened a （save） account at the local bank.
5.The officer is said to be serious and demanding， but also （mercy）.
6.Punishment can never be an effective cure for （society） problems.
7.Though I have asked for her （forgive）， but I don’t know whether she will forgive me or not.
8.Don’t raise your hopes too high， or you may be （disappoint） in the end.
9.It took the jury （陪审团） some time to reach the conclusion that the man was （guilt）.
10.She decided to leave the company and handed in her （resign）.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1.无论广告做得多么好，如果产品不适合人们，他们也不可能信服。（however 引导让步状语从句）
， people are unlikely to be persuaded if the product is unsuitable for them.
2.时间一旦被设定就不能更改。（状语从句的省略）
， the time cannot be changed.
3.他的脚受伤了，因此他无法参加比赛了。（so that）
He injured his foot play in the match.
4.希望做那件事的不是经理，而是工人。（not ...but ...）
hoping to do that.
5.读一读这个故事，你就会意识到并不是所有的东西都能用金钱买到。（祈使句＋and＋陈述句）
that not everything can be bought with money.
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A principal is giving a speech 1. theme is “Taking responsibility” at the students’ coming-of-age ceremony.The students are 2. the way to adulthood when they must learn to be responsible for themselves and society， 3. is the foundation that can support their future.
At school， you have 4. （gradual） understood the importance of a well-developed sense of 5. （responsible）.You accept that you are responsible for your successes and your 6. （fail）.As students， you must take your studies seriously and accept responsibility for your own learning.Apart from personal development， 7. （assume） responsibility for your actions is also important for the 8. （better） of society.So， dear students， take your first step into the adult world by accepting your responsibilities，9. that adulthood will be an enjoyable and 10. （reward） experience for both you and those around you.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
I loaded The Ledger in the metal basket of my bicycle I called my tank.Balloon tires （低压轮胎） mobilized the red-black heavy bike I had found on a roadside left for the garbage man.In those days， the papers had to be left on the steps.Some customers requested I put them between the storm door and the front wooden door.
Saturday was collection day.When I knocked on the door， I never knew what I was going to get.Old man Kusek shouted out of the back of his kitchen， “I’ll pay you next week.” I made a note on his card that this was the fifth week in a row he had shouted those same words.
Every week I had cold feet about charging for the newspapers at Mr Schaefer’s house.As soon as I took the first step up， two German Shepherds bolted （突然快跑） against the screen door.Their barking always pushed me one step back from the door.“Don’t worry.They won’t hurt you，” a voice shouted from inside the house.Mr Schaefer came to the door to pay his bill with a dollar clenched （咬紧） between his teeth while he held each dog by their collar.Grabbing the money from his mouth， I turned and ran， thinking those fierce dogs were going to break free and eat me alive.
Every two weeks， Mr Kloch from The Ledger would come to collect the money.After I paid the amount， the rest was mine.Counting the change was the fun part to see how much money I’d made.
My first job as a paperboy taught me about managing money， serving customers， and accepting responsibility.I remember the time when I was in a grocery store with my mother.A family approached us and their little kid pointed at me and shouted，“That’s our paperboy！” I felt proud at that moment and I still do today.
1.What did the author use to do when delivering newspapers？（ ）
A.He rode a second-hand bike.
B.He carried a red-black basket.
C.He was accompanied by two dogs.
D.He stuck the papers in customers’ door.
2.What kind of man was Kusek in the author’s eyes？（ ）
A.He was far too sensitive.
B.He was very responsible.
C.He always broke his promise.
D.He rarely had an aggressive manner.
3.What does the underlined part “had cold feet” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（ ）
A.Got curious. B.Became nervous.
C.Felt sorry. D.Looked confused.
4.What did the author think of his experience of being a paperboy？（ ）
A.He expressed regret over it.
B.He showed no interest in it.
C.He was very grateful for it.
D.He felt embarrassed about it.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
One of the best things you can do for your community is volunteer， but it’s necessary to understand that it comes with the same kind of mission a paid job has.Since you promise to do something， you need to follow it through.5.（ ）
Whether you’re just starting out or you’ve been volunteering for years， think of what you’re doing.Here are some things you need to do if you want to do your best：
Volunteer with a good attitude.You are doing something that you really want to do.So put a smile on your face and show you want to be there.6.（ ）
Follow the rules.7.（ ） Do your best to follow them because they’ve been made for a reason.Periodically go over your job description.If you don’t have a written one， ask your volunteer coordinator whether or not you’re meeting expectations.
8.（ ） If you see something that the volunteer coordinator needs to know about， let him know as soon as possible.Or if you have a better idea of getting the work done faster， share your thoughts with him.It will do good to the cause.
Be flexible.You may be actively doing your given job when you notice something else that needs to be done.9.（ ）
A.Communicate more.
B.Get along with others.
C.You and everyone around you will be happier if you have a positive attitude.
D.Not all volunteers volunteer out of the kindness of their hearts.
E.Someone may have given you a list of rules， either written or spoken.
F.Try to do whatever it is， unless it’s against the rules of your organization.
G.People are depending on you， and you should give your time responsibly.
Ⅲ.完形填空
My daughter Julia and I headed to the school supply section in the shop the other day.Because I struggled with 10 ， I always looked for a perfect planner.I dreamed that I would 11 my procrastination （拖延） with the perfect planner.
Julia 12 a planner and showed it to me.“Mom， this one has a habit tracker.Do your other ones have that？” “No.But that could be really 13 .” I thought of all the good habits I wanted to develop.I asked Julia to put the planner in the cart （手推车）.“I will 14 one， too，” Julia said.
The next day， I filled in the habit-tracker section of my new planner and 15 to make some positive changes.As I drank a glass of water — instead of my usual Diet Coke — I felt 16 .Maybe I’d 17 found the perfect planner to help me get my act together.
One morning， I 18 my planner and realized that I’d grabbed Julia’s 19 .And the first 20 on her habit tracker was “Write in my gratitude journal.” The second one was “Do something nice for others.” Both items were 21 every day that week.Since she was very 22 ， how did she find time to do these things？
When I asked her about it， she said，“Those two habits go together.Writing in my gratitude journal makes me 23 to do nice things for others.”
I realized I’d spent years 24 the perfect planner when what I really needed was a gratitude journal.
10.（ ）A.devotion B.tradition
C.organization D.comparison
11.（ ）A.admit B.explain
C.predict D.end
12.（ ）A.completed B.packed
C.replaced D.selected
13.（ ）A.helpful B.strange
C.expensive D.difficult
14.（ ）A.decorate B.make
C.pass D.get
15.（ ）A.decided B.failed
C.happened D.regretted
16.（ ）A.amused B.excited
C.worried D.confused
17.（ ）A.formally B.personally
C.finally D.immediately
18.（ ）A.discovered B.opened
C.forgot D.shared
19.（ ）A.by luck B.in advance
C.by mistake D.in return
20.（ ）A.task B.result
C.problem D.success
21.（ ）A.asked about B.applied for
C.checked off D.commented on
22.（ ）A.reliable B.kind
C.tired D.busy
23.（ ）A.afford B.want
C.pretend D.hesitate
24.（ ）A.preparing for B.learning from
C.searching for D.dealing with
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mariana and other River Edge Rockers， their community soccer team， dreamed of getting a regulation soccer field.She and her father would attend the Town Council meeting that night.They would also get the whole team there to convince the Council they needed a better field.
When they all arrived at the meeting hall and sat together， Councilwoman Maloof opened the discussion， and Mr Boyd， the Rockers’ manager， spoke first.“Our team currently practices in a tiny school yard， and only when it’s not already booked.”The team nodded immediately.
Mrs Yamagata， owner of Something Sushi， walked to the podium （讲台）.“I believe the town owns an empty lot next to my restaurant，” she said.“Couldn’t that be a soccer field？” The Rockers cheered.
“A soccer field would be a good use for that lot，” Maloof said.“But the town simply doesn’t have the money to build and maintain one.”
“The Rockers can do it！” Mr Boyd spoke up.He began to negotiate with the Council.“If the town lets the Rockers use the vacant lot， we will turn it into a soccer field.”
After some discussion， the Council reached a decision.They approved using that lot for a community soccer field.The team cheered.
The following day， at Something Sushi， the team got together to share ideas for raising money.They finally decided to wash cars for their community.On the day of the car wash， car owners lined up in the middle school parking lot， where six wading pools （塑料浅水池） had been set up.The team began washing carefully.By the end of the day， the Rockers were soaked through （湿透） but excited about raising $750.In the next few days， the Rockers also invited neighbours to donate materials for building the field.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
A week later， the team gathered at the lot， carrying tools purchased with their earnings or donated by neighbours.
Opening day attracted a huge crowd of soccer fans， all amazed by the new field.
Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
基础知识自测
维度一
1.fault 2.garbage 3.deadline 4.pretended 5.Organic 6.bonus 7.guidance 8.savings 9.harvest 10.virtue
维度二
1.discouraged 2.guidance 3.organically 4.savings
5.merciful 6.social 7.forgiveness 8.disappointed
9.guilty 10.resignation
维度三
1.However good an advertisement is
2.Once set
3.so that he was unable to
4.Not the manager but the workers are
5.Read this story， and you will realise
维度四
1.whose 2.on 3.which 4.gradually 5.responsibility 6.failures 7.assuming 8.betterment 9.so 10.rewarding
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了儿时当报童的经历，这段经历让他学会了如何理财、服务客户以及承担责任。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句可知，作者当报童送报时常常骑一辆破旧的二手自行车。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中作者对Kusek的描述可知，每次都说下周给报款的Kusek总是食言。
3.B 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的two German Shepherds ...barking always pushed me one step back from the door可知，作者每周都要去Mr Schaefer家收报款，可是因为他家有两只凶猛的德国牧羊犬，所以作者每次去他家收款都很害怕。get/have cold feet意为“临阵胆怯；畏缩”。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的My first job as a paperboy taught me about managing money， serving customers， and accepting responsibility.和I felt proud at that moment可知，作者非常感激当报童的这段经历。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何做好志愿者工作提出了一些建议。
5.G 上文提到：做志愿者同样有使命，需要负责任。空处为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明负责任的原因，故G项（人们都在依赖你，你应该负责任地付出你的时间）符合语境。
6.C 根据上文可知，本段主要是关于志愿者态度的说明，上文提到面带微笑表现出你想在那里做志愿者，由此可推测此处应表述的是需要积极的态度，C项中的a positive attitude对应上文中的a good attitude。故C项（如果你有积极的态度，你和你周围的每个人会更快乐）符合语境。
7.E 根据上文Follow the rules.可知，本段的建议是遵守志愿者的规则，下文中them指代E项中的a list of rules。故E项（有人可能已经给了你一份规则列表，不管是书面的还是口头的）符合语境。
8.A 本空位于本段开头，根据第三、四、六段开头语可知，本空应选祈使句作为本段的主旨句。根据下文中的let him know as soon as possible和share your thoughts with him可知，本段提到要多和他人分享自己的想法，即多和他人沟通。故A项（多交流）符合语境。
9.F 上文提到你可能在工作过程中注意到有其他的事情需要做，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明如何应对这种情况。故F项（不管这件事是什么，尽量去做，除非它违反了你组织的规定）符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在女儿的影响下，作者决定开始写感恩日志。
10.C 根据下文中的I always looked for a perfect planner可知，“我”做事不够条理，因此“我”一直在寻找一本完美规划簿，“我”梦想着有了它“我”就能结束“我”的拖延症。
11.D 参见上题解析。
12.D 根据上文My daughter Julia and I headed to the school supply section in the shop the other day.可知，到了学习用品区，Julia挑了一本规划簿并拿给“我”看。
13.A 根据下文I thought of all the good habits I wanted to develop.可知，“我”认为规划簿上的习惯追踪将会对“我”很有帮助。
14.D 根据上文I asked Julia to put the planner in the cart （手推车）.可知，Julia说她也想买一本。
15.A 根据上文The next day， I filled in the habit-tracker section of my new planner可知，“我”决定作出一些积极的改变。
16.B 根据下文found the perfect planner ...together可知，“我”感到兴奋不已，或许“我”终于发现了完美的规划簿。
17.C 参见上题解析。
18.B 根据下文中的realized that I’d grabbed Julia’s可知，一天早上，“我”把Julia的规划簿当成是“我”自己的翻开了。
19.C 参见上题解析。
20.A 根据下文的how did she find time to do these things可知，Julia“习惯追踪”上的第一个任务是“写感恩日志”，第二个任务是“做好事”。尽管她很忙，但那一周她每天都会完成这两件事。
21.C 参见上题解析。
22.D 参见第20题解析。
23.B 根据上文Those two habits go together.可知，Julia说写感恩日志让她想做好事。
24.C 根据第一段中的I always looked for a perfect planner.可知，“我”花了很多年去寻找一本完美规划簿，殊不知，“我”需要的只是一本感恩日志。
Ⅳ.
A week later， the team gathered at the lot， carrying tools purchased with their earnings or donated by neighbours.Staring at the unused field of dirt， rocks， and weeds， Mariana thought it was not the soccer field in their dream.But she kicked into action with the others， cleaning up the mess.There was a huge rock in the middle of the field and the team moved it onto a rented truck.However， a gaping hole immediately appeared.With everyone working together they moved enough soil from the field’s edges to fill the hole.
Opening day attracted a huge crowd of soccer fans， all amazed by the new field.Before the game， the Rockers gathered together.They did it.Together they successfully turned an unseemly lot into their field of dreams.Everyone was excited and they decided to get out there hand in hand.Later， as the clock was running out on the 0∶0 score， Mariana kicked the ball hard.When she saw it slip through the opposing goalie’s hands， she realized that her dream had actually come true！
5 / 5Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
Taking responsibility
[1]Honoured guests， teachers and students， it is my pleasure and privilege① to welcome you here today and present my thoughts on this special occasion②.
Students， the time has arrived for you to fully accept your passage③ into adulthood.[2]I have seen you grow from nervous Senior 1 students into confident young adults， who sit before me today， ready to embrace④ the next phase⑤ of your lives. You must be both excited and anxious about the new experiences that are in store for⑥ you.[3]Don’t worry， for you are all responsible young people， well prepared and well equipped to successfully manage the challenges of the years ahead.
[1]it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to welcome ...and present ...。
[2]who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词young adults；形容词短语ready to embrace the next phase of your lives作状语。
[3]for为并列连词，意为“因为，由于”； are all responsible ...， well prepared and well equipped ...是并列谓语。
At school， you have gradually understood the importance of a well-developed sense of responsibility⑦. You accept that you are responsible for⑧ your successes and your failures.[4]Hopefully， you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens⑨ you， but rather as a foundation which will support your future development.A ship without an anchor⑩ is at the mercy of the waves and winds； likewise ， a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.
[4]该句结构较复杂，treat responsibility后面接了两个由介词as引出的短语，由并列结构not ... but ...连接。每个as短语里又含有一个定语从句，that burdens you修饰a weight，而which will support your future development修饰a foundation。
As students， you must take your studies seriously and accept responsibility for your own learning. This means meeting deadlines for your schoolwork， following your teachers’ guidance ， and of course， always aiming for academic excellence. However， your responsibilities go far beyond your studies.[5]As you go through your daily life， you will encounter many difficult situations where things may go wrong . Instead of being quick to blame others， analyse the problem， and if it is indeed your own fault ， be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it. This way， you practise the virtue of courage.[6]Always give your best in whatever you set out to do， however difficult that might be. This way， you practise the virtue of determination. Be honest by saying what you mean and by meaning what you say.This way， you practise the virtue of integrity .Taking responsibility in all aspects of your everyday life， therefore， will help build a strong character.
[5]As引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”；where引导定语从句，修饰抽象名词situations。
[6]whatever引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语；however引导让步状语从句。
Apart from personal development， assuming responsibility for your actions is also important for the betterment of society.Society is an organic whole， and as social beings， we have a responsibility to make a contribution.[7]You may have heard the story of a small boy who tried to save starfish left on the beach after a storm， by throwing them back into the sea.Passers-by told him that he was wasting his time， for he could not possibly save them all. [8]However， the boy was not discouraged ， believing that he could make a difference to the ones that he saved.As a result， the passers-by felt inspired and joined him in saving the starfish.Similarly， the little things you do can make a difference！For example， picking up garbage around your neighbourhood contributes to a cleaner environment.Reporting a speeding car helps ensure road safety.Being energy-efficient leads to savings of our precious natural resources.Doing volunteer work at a local nursing home brings love and warmth to the elderly.Just like the “starfish boy”， you may even inspire people around you to do the same， which is an added bonus .[9]Working together， we have the power to gradually but continuously advance our society.
[7]may have done结构表示对过去情况的推测；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词a small boy；过去分词短语left on the beach after a storm作后置定语，修饰名词starfish；by throwing ... 为“by＋动词-ing形式”构成的介词短语，在句中作状语。
[8]动词-ing短语believing ...作伴随状语；第一个that引导宾语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the ones。
[9]动词-ing短语Working together作状语。
[10]So， dear students， take your first step into the adult world by accepting your responsibilities， so that adulthood will be an enjoyable and rewarding experience for both you and those around you.Sometimes， responsibilities may weigh heavily on you.[11]However， just as the Chinese saying goes， “Jade is good-for-nothing if not carved.”A man cannot be perfected without trials.[12]Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow.I wish you every success in your adult life！
[10]so that引导结果状语从句。
[11]as引导非限制性定语从句；if not carved为条件状语从句的省略，完整句子应为if it is not carved。
[12]本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。
【读文清障】
①privilege n.荣幸；特殊利益vt.给予特权，特别优待
②on this special occasion
在这个特别的场合
③passage n.章节，段落；通道，走廊
④embrace vt.& vi.欣然接受；包含；拥抱
⑤phase n.阶段，时期
⑥in store （for sb） 即将发生（在某人身上），等待着（某人）
⑦a well-developed sense of responsibility 一种高度的责任感
⑧be responsible for 对……负责
⑨burden vt.使担负（沉重或艰难的任务、职责等）；负重
⑩anchor n.锚；给以安全感的人（或物）
vi.& vt.抛锚；使固定
mercy n.仁慈，宽恕
at the mercy of sb/sth
任……处置，对……无能为力
likewise adv.同样地；也，而且
take ...seriously 认真对待……
deadline n.最后期限，截止日期
guidance n.指导；导航
follow sb’s guidance 听从某人的指导
go far beyond 远远超过……，远远不止于……
encounter vt.遭遇；遇到（尤指令人不快或困难的事）
go wrong （情况）出岔子，出差错
instead of 而不是
fault n.过错，责任；弱点，缺点
virtue n.美德；正直的品性；优点
integrity n.诚实正直；完整，完好
betterment n.改进；改善；改良
organic adj.有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的
starfish n.海星，星鱼
discouraged adj.灰心的
make a difference to ...
对……有影响，改变……
garbage n.垃圾；废话
contribute to 有助于，促进；对……作出贡献
lead to 导致，带来；通往
saving n.节省物，节省；储蓄金
bonus n.意外收获；奖金，红利
rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有意义的
weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担
jade n.玉，碧玉
be good-for-nothing
一无是处，不中用；无用之人
sow vt.& vi.（sowed， sown）播种，种
harvest n.收成，收获量；收获季节，收割
vt.& vi.收割，捕猎
【参考译文】
承担责任
尊敬的各位来宾、老师和学生们，我很高兴也很荣幸能够欢迎大家出席今天的典礼，并在这个特殊的时刻分享我的一些想法。
同学们，你们已经到了完全接受自己即将步入成年的时候了。我见证了你们从紧张的高一新生成长为自信的青年。今天，你们坐在我面前，准备好迎接你们生命的下一个阶段。对于即将到来的种种新体验，你们一定感到既兴奋又焦虑。不用担心，因为你们都是负责的年轻人，你们已经作好了充分的准备，能够成功应对未来的挑战。
在学校里，你们已经逐渐认识到具有高度责任感的重要性。你们明白你们应该为自己的成功和失败负责。希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担，而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的行为所左右。
作为学生，你们必须认真对待自己的学业，并且对自己的学习负责。这意味着按时完成作业，听从老师的指导，当然还要永远追求学术上的卓越。然而，你们的责任远远不止学习。在日常生活中，你们会遇到许多困难的情况，在这些情况下事情可能会出错。与其急着责怪旁人，不如分析分析问题。而且如果确实是你们自己的错，就准备好承认错误，然后改正。这样，你们就践行了勇气的美德。无论你们打算做什么，无论会有多困难，都要全力以赴去做。这样，你们就践行了决心的美德。心口如一，言出必行。这样，你们就践行了正直的美德。在你们日常生活的各个方面承担责任，如此一来，将有助于你们塑造坚强的品格。
除了个人发展，为自己的行为承担责任对社会进步也很重要。社会是一个有机的整体，并且作为社会的一员，我们有责任作出贡献。你们可能听说过一个小男孩的故事，他试图把风暴过后留在海滩上的海星扔回海里，以拯救它们。路过的人们告诉他，他是在浪费自己的时间，因为他不可能拯救所有的海星。然而，小男孩并没有气馁，相信自己能影响那些被他救起的海星。结果，路人们受到了启发，纷纷和他一起拯救海星。同样，你所做的一件件小事也能有所影响！ 例如，在你们的邻里周围清理垃圾有助于建设一个更加清洁的环境。举报一辆超速行驶的汽车有助于确保道路安全。节约能源就是节约我们宝贵的自然资源。在一家当地养老院做义工能给老人们带去爱和温暖。就像“海星男孩”一样，你们甚至可能激励你周围的人也这么做，这就是一项额外的收获。如果我们共同努力，我们就有能力逐步而持续地推动我们的社会进步。
所以，亲爱的学生们，将承担责任作为你们迈入成人世界的第一步吧。这样对于你们和你们周围的人来说，成年都将是一段愉快而有益的经历。有时候，责任可能会是你们的一个重担。然而，正如中国谚语所说，“玉不琢，不成器。”一个人不经历考验就不可能完美。今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。祝福你们的成年生活一切顺利！
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.Whom does the speaker deliver the speech to？（ ）
A.Teachers. B.Parents.
C.Senior 1 students. D.Senior 3 students.
2.How do we treat responsibility properly？（ ）
A.We can consider responsibility as a weight which burdens us.
B.We can consider responsibility as a foundation to support our future development.
C.We can consider responsibility as an obstacle to our future development.
D.We can consider responsibility as a challenge to our future development.
3.Which of the following statements is RIGHT？ （ ）
A.As students， we only need take responsibility in our studies.
B.When you admit your mistake bravely， you practise the virtue of determination.
C.You can practise the virtue of integrity by keeping on doing challenging tasks.
D.Taking responsibility contributes to building a strong character.
4.What does the word “betterment” in the fifth paragraph mean？（ ）
A.Improvement. B.Peace.
C.Stability. D.Harmony.
5.What does the story of a boy who threw the starfish back into the sea show？（ ）
A.It shows the starfish deserves saving.
B.It shows the importance of protecting the ocean.
C.It shows anyone can make a difference to the world.
D.It shows the boy is very brave and clever.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）动词＋-ing构成名词
①save→saving 节省物，节省；储蓄金
②understand→understanding 理解
③suffer→suffering 痛苦；苦难
④train→training 训练
⑤say→saying 谚语
⑥warn→warning 警告
⑦park→parking 停车
（2）表示负面情绪的动词-ed形式的形容词
①discouraged 灰心的，泄气的
②frustrated 受挫的，沮丧的
③worried 担心的
④annoyed 恼火的，生气的
⑤depressed 消沉的；沮丧的
⑥disappointed 失望的，沮丧的
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
（1）类比：类比是通过比较两个事物之间的相似特征来论证其中较复杂的事物，这样可以把抽象的事物变得具体，把深奥的道理变得浅显。
请从课文中找出使用类比的句子。
（2）引用：文中使用了引用的修辞手法。在演讲稿中使用谚语或名人名言，可以增加文章的文采和说服力。
请从课文中找出使用引用的句子。
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
mercy n.仁慈，宽恕
【教材原句】 A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds； likewise， a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.
没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的行为所左右。
【用法】
（1）beg/ask for mercy 乞求/请求宽恕 对……怜悯或宽恕 without mercy 残忍地；毫无同情心地 at the mercy of sb/sth 任……处置；对……无能为力 It is/was a mercy that ... 幸运的是…… （2）merciful adj. 宽大的，仁慈的 be merciful to/towards sb 对某人仁慈
【佳句】 At the mercy of the strong wind， the little trees on the top of the mountain couldn’t stand up straight.
在强风肆虐中，山顶上的小树根本无法挺立。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She is a kind-hearted woman and often has mercy people who are in trouble.
②They asked her to be （mercy） to the little girl.
③Having lost engine power， the crew on the boat found themselves the mercy of the wind.
【写美】 句型转换
④It was lucky that she wasn’t seriously hurt and was waiting until the rescue team arrived.（用mercy 改写）
→ she wasn’t seriously hurt and was waiting until the rescue team arrived.
fault n.过错，责任；弱点，缺点
【教材原句】 Instead of being quick to blame others， analyse the problem， and if it is indeed your own fault， be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it.与其急着责怪旁人，不如分析分析问题。而且如果确实是你们自己的错，就准备好承认错误，然后改正。
【用法】
（1）find fault with 对……吹毛求疵；挑……的错 be at fault 有过错；应当负责 be one’s fault 是某人的过错 find fault and make trouble 寻事惹非 （2）faulty adj. 不完美的，有缺陷的；有错误的 faultless adj. 完美无缺的；无缺点的；没有错误的
【佳句】 Life can be greater than before when you are not busy finding fault with it.
如果你不忙于挑剔生活，生活可以比以前更美好。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It is better to make an apology， even though the company is not fault.
②There was not a single thing about her that one could find fault .
③He’s proud of his children and blind to their （fault）.
【写美】 完成句子
④You have been doing excellently and .
你一直做得很好，你的失败不是你的错。
discouraged adj.灰心的
【教材原句】 However， the boy was not discouraged， believing that he could make a difference to the ones that he saved.然而，小男孩并没有气馁，相信自己能影响那些被他救起的海星。
【用法】
（1）be/get discouraged 变得灰心，泄气 （2）discourage sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 （3）discouraging adj. 令人泄气的 discouragement n. 泄气；灰心；使人泄气的人或事物
【佳句】 His words were discouraging， which made many people discouraged.
他的话令人沮丧，这使许多人感到沮丧。
Do not let any failure discourage you， for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.
不要因任何失败而灰心，因为你永远不清楚自己离成功可能有多近。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①To his disappointment， his parents tried to discourage him being an actor.
②It is really （discourage） for us to stand in line for more than one hour and then be told that we can’t see the manager until tomorrow.
③The unfavorable reviews of his first novel were a great （discourage） to him.
【写美】 翻译句子
④他发现自己非但没有泄气，反而充满了成就感。
weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担
【教材原句】 Sometimes， responsibilities may weigh heavily on you.
有时候，责任可能会是你们的一个重担。
【用法】
（1）weigh up 权衡，斟酌 weigh up the pros and cons 权衡利弊 weigh sth against sth 认真考虑某事，权衡某事 （2）weigh （sb） down 使（某人）烦恼，使（某人）忧心忡忡；使（某人）负荷太重 （3）weigh one’s words 推敲；斟酌字句
【佳句】 Something was weighing on her mind.她心事重重。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The responsibility of her new job weighed heavily her mind.
②You’d better weigh the pros and cons before settling on your choice.
③Those costs must be weighed the environmental benefits.
【写美】 完成句子
④I must to avoid any misunderstanding.
我必须字斟句酌以免发生误解。
Part Ⅱ 中频词汇特训
deadline n.最后期限，截止日期
【教材原句】 This means meeting deadlines for your schoolwork， following your teachers’ guidance， and of course， always aiming for academic excellence.
这意味着按时完成作业，听从老师的指导，当然还要永远追求学术上的卓越。
【用法】
deadline for ... ……的最后期限 meet/miss a deadline 按时/未按时完成 before the deadline 在最后期限之前
【佳句】 The deadline for applications is this Friday.
申请截止到本周五。
【练透】 完成句子
①They failed to because their time was limited.
由于时间有限，他们没能如期完成。
②I hope we can finish this work .
我希望我们能在最后期限之前完成这项工作。
guidance n.指导；导航
【用法】
（1）ask/look for some guidance 寻求一些指导 seek guidance from sb 向某人寻求指导 provide guidance 提供指导 under sb’s guidance＝under the guidance of sb 在某人的指导下 （2）guide vt.指导，引导 n.向导，导游 guide sb （to/through/around/sth） 给某人领路（或导游）；指引 （3）guided adj. 有向导的，有导游的
【佳句】 Under your expert guidance， we have had a better command of English than before and have achieved satisfactory results in recent examinations.在您的专业指导下，我们的英语比以前掌握得更好了，并在最近的考试中取得了令人满意的成绩。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He guided the chairwoman the hall to attend the great wedding.
②The plan was drawn up under the chief engineer’s personal （guide）.
③If it had not been your guidance， I wouldn’t have won the prize.
【写美】 句式升级
④We were guided by a local guide and visited the splendid statue.
→ ， we visited the splendid statue.（用with复合结构改写）
→ ， we visited the splendid statue.（用独立主格结构改写）
Part Ⅲ 重点句型解构
句型公式：not ...but ...不是……而是……
【教材原句】 Hopefully， you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens you， but rather as a foundation which will support your future development.
希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担，而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。
【用法】
（1）not ...but ...连接两个并列的成分，表示意思上的转折，not后面接被否定的内容， but后面接被认可的事实。 （2）not ...but ...连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于靠近谓语动词的名词，即遵循“就近一致”原则。
【品悟】 I work not because I have to， but because I want to.我工作不是因为我不得不工作，而是因为我想工作。
【写美】 完成句子
①I realize the secret to success is and how you do it in your life.
我意识到成功的秘诀不在于你出生于何时何地，而在于你在生活中的所作所为。
②Not you but Tom because he is the manager of the department.
不是你而是汤姆要为这个错误负责，因为他是这个部门的经理。
句型公式：so that引导结果状语从句
【教材原句】 So， dear students， take your first step into the adult world by accepting your responsibilities， so that adulthood will be an enjoyable and rewarding experience for both you and those around you.所以，亲爱的学生们，将承担责任作为你们迈入成人世界的第一步吧。这样对于你们和你们周围的人来说，成年都将是一段愉快而有益的经历。
【用法】
（1）so that引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，结果”，主从句之间有时用逗号隔开。 （2）so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中通常有may、might、can、could等情态动词，主从句之间不能用逗号隔开，意为“为的是……；以便于……”。 （3）so that引导目的状语从句时可以与in order that互换，但so that不能置于句首。
【品悟】 We are very interested in Kunming so that we have decided to pay a visit to the city.
我们对昆明很感兴趣，所以我们决定去参观一下这个城市。
【写美】 完成句子/句型转换
①The heavy rain lasted for about a week until the next month.大雨持续了大约一周，结果运动会不得不推迟到下个月。
②While walking， John checked his smartphone， into a tree.
约翰走路时看手机，结果撞到一棵树上了。
③He set out early so that he could arrive there in advance.
→He set out early arrive there in advance.
→He set out early arrive there in advance.
句型公式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句
【教材原句】 Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow.
今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。
【用法】
（1）“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。 （2）“祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”相当于“if＋not＋条件状语从句＋主句”。 （3）“名词短语＋and＋陈述句”也有上述句式功能，名词词组中常含有more、another、further、earlier等词。
【品悟】 Work hard and believe in yourself and you’ll succeed one day.
努力学习，相信自己，总有一天你会成功的。
【写美】 完成句子/一句多译
① you’ll be really tired tomorrow.
现在上床睡觉吧，否则明天你会很累的。
②再给我一个小时，我就把工作做完了。
→ ， and I’ll get the work finished.（祈使句）
→ ， and I’ll get the work finished.（名词短语）
Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.opening 2.speech 3.importance 4.responsibility
5.society 6.first step
第二步
1－5 DBDAC
第三步
2.（1）A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds； likewise， a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.
（2）However， just as the Chinese saying goes， “Jade is good-for-nothing if not carved.”
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①on ②merciful ③at ④It was a mercy that
2.①at ②with ③faults ④your failure is not your fault
3.①from ②discouraging ③discouragement ④Instead of being discouraged， he found himself filled with a sense of achievement.
4.①on ②up ③against ④weigh my words
Part Ⅱ
1.①meet the deadline ②before the deadline
2.①to ②guidance ③for
④With a local guide guiding us； A local guide guiding us
Part Ⅲ
1.①not when or where you were born， but what you are doing ②is responsible for the mistake
2.①so that the sports meeting had to be put off
②so that he knocked ③in order to； so as to
3.①Go to bed now or
②Give me one more hour； One more hour
4 / 11(共112张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Extended reading & Project & Assessment
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Taking responsibility
[1]Honoured guests， teachers and students， it is my pleasure and
privilege① to welcome you here today and present my thoughts on this
special occasion②.
Students， the time has arrived for you to fully accept your passage③
into adulthood.[2]I have seen you grow from nervous Senior 1 students
into confident young adults， who sit before me today， ready to
embrace④ the next phase⑤ of your lives. You must be both excited and
anxious about the new experiences that are in store for⑥ you.[3]Don’t
worry， for you are all responsible young people， well prepared and well
equipped to successfully manage the challenges of the years ahead.
[1]it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to
welcome ...and present ...。
[2]who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词young adults；形容
词短语ready to embrace the next phase of your lives作状语。
[3]for为并列连词，意为“因为，由于”； are all
responsible ...， well prepared and well equipped ...是并列谓语。
【读文清障】
①privilege n.荣幸；特殊利益vt.给予特权，特别优待
②on this special occasion在这个特别的场合
③passage n.章节，段落；通道，走廊
④embrace vt.& vi.欣然接受；包含；拥抱
⑤phase n.阶段，时期
⑥in store （for sb） 即将发生（在某人身上），等待着（某人）
At school， you have gradually understood the importance of a well-
developed sense of responsibility⑦. You accept that you are responsible
for⑧ your successes and your failures.[4]Hopefully， you have learnt to
treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens⑨ you， but rather as a
foundation which will support your future development.A ship without an
anchor⑩ is at the mercy of the waves and winds； likewise ， a
person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own
careless and thoughtless behaviour.
[4]该句结构较复杂，treat responsibility后面接了两个由介词as引
出的短语，由并列结构not ... but ...连接。每个as短语里又含有一
个定语从句，that burdens you修饰a weight，而which will support your
future development修饰a foundation。
⑦a well-developed sense of responsibility 一种高度的责任感
⑧be responsible for 对……负责
⑨burden vt.使担负（沉重或艰难的任务、职责等）；负重
⑩anchor n.锚；给以安全感的人（或物）
vi.& vt.抛锚；使固定
mercy n.仁慈，宽恕
at the mercy of sb/sth任……处置，对……无能为力
likewise adv.同样地；也，而且
As students， you must take your studies seriously and accept
responsibility for your own learning. This means meeting deadlines for
your schoolwork， following your teachers’ guidance ， and of
course， always aiming for academic excellence. However， your
responsibilities go far beyond your studies.[5]As you go through your
daily life， you will encounter many difficult situations where things
may go wrong . Instead of being quick to blame others， analyse the
problem， and if it is indeed your own fault ， be ready to admit your
mistake and then correct it.
This way， you practise the virtue of courage.[6]Always give your best
in whatever you set out to do， however difficult that might be. This way，
you practise the virtue of determination. Be honest by saying what you
mean and by meaning what you say.This way， you practise the virtue of
integrity .Taking responsibility in all aspects of your everyday life，
therefore， will help build a strong character.
[5]As引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”；where引导定语
从句，修饰抽象名词situations。
[6]whatever引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语；however引导让步
状语从句。
take ...seriously 认真对待……
deadline n.最后期限，截止日期
guidance n.指导；导航
follow sb’s guidance 听从某人的指导
go far beyond 远远超过……，远远不止于……
encounter vt.遭遇；遇到（尤指令人不快或困难的事）
go wrong （情况）出岔子，出差错
instead of 而不是
fault n.过错，责任；弱点，缺点
virtue n.美德；正直的品性；优点
integrity n.诚实正直；完整，完好
Apart from personal development， assuming responsibility for your
actions is also important for the betterment of society.Society is an
organic whole， and as social beings， we have a responsibility to make
a contribution.[7]You may have heard the story of a small boy who tried
to save starfish left on the beach after a storm， by throwing them back
into the sea.Passers-by told him that he was wasting his time， for he
could not possibly save them all.
[8]However， the boy was not discouraged ， believing that he could
make a difference to the ones that he saved.As a result， the passers-by
felt inspired and joined him in saving the starfish.Similarly， the little
things you do can make a difference！For example， picking up garbage
around your neighbourhood contributes to a cleaner
environment.Reporting a speeding car helps ensure road safety.Being
energy-efficient leads to savings of our precious natural resources.Doing volunteer work at a local nursing home brings love and warmth to the elderly. Just like the “starfish boy”， you may even inspire people around you to do the same， which is an added bonus .[9]Working together， we have the power to gradually but continuously advance our society.
[7]may have done结构表示对过去情况的推测；who引导定语从
句，修饰先行词a small boy；过去分词短语left on the beach after a
storm作后置定语，修饰名词starfish；by throwing ... 为“by＋动词-
ing形式”构成的介词短语，在句中作状语。
[8]动词-ing短语believing ...作伴随状语；第一个that引导宾语
从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the ones。
[9]动词-ing短语Working together作状语。
betterment n.改进；改善；改良
organic adj.有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的
starfish n.海星，星鱼
discouraged adj.灰心的
make a difference to ...对……有影响，改变……
garbage n.垃圾；废话
contribute to 有助于，促进；对……作出贡献
lead to 导致，带来；通往
saving n.节省物，节省；储蓄金
bonus n.意外收获；奖金，红利
[10]So， dear students， take your first step into the adult world by
accepting your responsibilities， so that adulthood will be an enjoyable
and rewarding experience for both you and those around
you.Sometimes， responsibilities may weigh heavily on
you.[11]However， just as the Chinese saying goes， “Jade is good-
for-nothing if not carved.”A man cannot be perfected without
trials.[12]Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be
great tomorrow.I wish you every success in your adult life！
[10]so that引导结果状语从句。
[11]as引导非限制性定语从句；if not carved为条件状语从句的省
略，完整句子应为if it is not carved。
[12]本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。
rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有意义的
weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担
jade n.玉，碧玉
be good-for-nothing一无是处，不中用；无用之人
sow vt.& vi.（sowed， sown）播种，种
harvest n.收成，收获量；收获季节，收割
vt.& vi.收割，捕猎
【参考译文】
承担责任
尊敬的各位来宾、老师和学生们，我很高兴也很荣幸能够欢迎大
家出席今天的典礼，并在这个特殊的时刻分享我的一些想法。
同学们，你们已经到了完全接受自己即将步入成年的时候了。我
见证了你们从紧张的高一新生成长为自信的青年。今天，你们坐在我
面前，准备好迎接你们生命的下一个阶段。对于即将到来的种种新体
验，你们一定感到既兴奋又焦虑。不用担心，因为你们都是负责的年
轻人，你们已经作好了充分的准备，能够成功应对未来的挑战。
在学校里，你们已经逐渐认识到具有高度责任感的重要性。你们
明白你们应该为自己的成功和失败负责。希望你们已经学会不把责任
当作困扰你们的重担，而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。没有
锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的行为
所左右。
作为学生，你们必须认真对待自己的学业，并且对自己的学习负
责。这意味着按时完成作业，听从老师的指导，当然还要永远追求学
术上的卓越。然而，你们的责任远远不止学习。在日常生活中，你们
会遇到许多困难的情况，在这些情况下事情可能会出错。与其急着责
怪旁人，不如分析分析问题。而且如果确实是你们自己的错，就准备
好承认错误，然后改正。这样，你们就践行了勇气的美德。无论你们
打算做什么，无论会有多困难，都要全力以赴去做。这样，你们就践
行了决心的美德。心口如一，言出必行。这样，你们就践行了正直的
美德。在你们日常生活的各个方面承担责任，如此一来，将有助于你
们塑造坚强的品格。
除了个人发展，为自己的行为承担责任对社会进步也很重要。社
会是一个有机的整体，并且作为社会的一员，我们有责任作出贡献。
你们可能听说过一个小男孩的故事，他试图把风暴过后留在海滩上的
海星扔回海里，以拯救它们。路过的人们告诉他，他是在浪费自己的
时间，因为他不可能拯救所有的海星。然而，小男孩并没有气馁，相
信自己能影响那些被他救起的海星。结果，路人们受到了启发，纷纷
和他一起拯救海星。同样，你所做的一件件小事也能有所影响！ 例
如，在你们的邻里周围清理垃圾有助于建设一个更加清洁的环境。举
报一辆超
速行驶的汽车有助于确保道路安全。节约能源就是节约我们宝贵的自
然资源。在一家当地养老院做义工能给老人们带去爱和温暖。就像
“海星男孩”一样，你们甚至可能激励你周围的人也这么做，这就是
一项额外的收获。如果我们共同努力，我们就有能力逐步而持续地推
动我们的社会进步。
所以，亲爱的学生们，将承担责任作为你们迈入成人世界的第一
步吧。这样对于你们和你们周围的人来说，成年都将是一段愉快而有
益的经历。有时候，责任可能会是你们的一个重担。然而，正如中国
谚语所说，“玉不琢，不成器。”一个人不经历考验就不可能完美。
今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。祝福你们的成年
生活一切顺利！
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill
in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. Whom does the speaker deliver the speech to？（ ）
A. Teachers. B. Parents.
C. Senior 1 students. D. Senior 3 students.
2. How do we treat responsibility properly？（ ）
A. We can consider responsibility as a weight which burdens us.
B. We can consider responsibility as a foundation to support our future
development.
C. We can consider responsibility as an obstacle to our future
development.
D. We can consider responsibility as a challenge to our future
development.
3. Which of the following statements is RIGHT？ （ ）
A. As students， we only need take responsibility in our studies.
B. When you admit your mistake bravely， you practise the virtue of
determination.
C. You can practise the virtue of integrity by keeping on doing challenging
tasks.
D. Taking responsibility contributes to building a strong character.
4. What does the word “betterment” in the fifth paragraph mean？（ ）
A. Improvement. B. Peace.
C. Stability. D. Harmony.
5. What does the story of a boy who threw the starfish back into the sea
show？（ ）
A. It shows the starfish deserves saving.
B. It shows the importance of protecting the ocean.
C. It shows anyone can make a difference to the world.
D. It shows the boy is very brave and clever.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）动词＋-ing构成名词
①save→saving 节省物，节省；储蓄金
②understand→understanding 理解
③suffer→suffering 痛苦；苦难
④train→training 训练
⑤say→saying 谚语
⑥warn→warning 警告
⑦park→parking 停车
（2）表示负面情绪的动词-ed形式的形容词
①discouraged 灰心的，泄气的
②frustrated 受挫的，沮丧的
③worried 担心的
④annoyed 恼火的，生气的
⑤depressed 消沉的；沮丧的
⑥disappointed 失望的，沮丧的
2. 美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
（1）类比：类比是通过比较两个事物之间的相似特征来论证其中
较复杂的事物，这样可以把抽象的事物变得具体，把深奥的
道理变得浅显。
请从课文中找出使用类比的句子。
A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and
winds； likewise， a person who has no sense of responsibility is
at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.
（2）引用：文中使用了引用的修辞手法。在演讲稿中使用谚语或
名人名言，可以增加文章的文采和说服力。
请从课文中找出使用引用的句子。
However， just as the Chinese saying goes， “Jade is good-for-
nothing if not carved.”
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
mercy n.仁慈，宽恕
【教材原句】 A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves
and winds； likewise， a person who has no sense of responsibility is at
the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.
没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的
行为所左右。
【用法】
【佳句】 At the mercy of the strong wind， the little trees on the top of
the mountain couldn’t stand up straight.
在强风肆虐中，山顶上的小树根本无法挺立。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She is a kind-hearted woman and often has mercy people who
are in trouble.
②They asked her to be （mercy） to the little girl.
③Having lost engine power， the crew on the boat found
themselves the mercy of the wind.
on
merciful
at
【写美】 句型转换
④It was lucky that she wasn’t seriously hurt and was waiting until the
rescue team arrived.（用mercy 改写）
→ she wasn’t seriously hurt and was waiting until
the rescue team arrived.
It was a mercy that
fault n.过错，责任；弱点，缺点
【教材原句】 Instead of being quick to blame others， analyse the
problem， and if it is indeed your own fault， be ready to admit your
mistake and then correct it.
与其急着责怪旁人，不如分析分析问题。而且如果确实是你们自己的
错，就准备好承认错误，然后改正。
【用法】
（1）find fault with 对……吹毛求疵；挑……的错
be at fault 有过错；应当负责
be one’s fault 是某人的过错
find fault and make trouble 寻事惹非
（2）faulty adj. 不完美的，有缺陷的；有错误的
faultless adj. 完美无缺的；无缺点的；没有错误的
【佳句】 Life can be greater than before when you are not busy finding
fault with it.
如果你不忙于挑剔生活，生活可以比以前更美好。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It is better to make an apology， even though the company is not
fault.
②There was not a single thing about her that one could find
fault .
③He’s proud of his children and blind to their （fault）.
at
with
faults
【写美】 完成句子
④You have been doing excellently and .
你一直做得很好，你的失败不是你的错。
your failure is not your fault
discouraged adj.灰心的
【教材原句】 However， the boy was not discouraged， believing
that he could make a difference to the ones that he saved.然而，小男孩并
没有气馁，相信自己能影响那些被他救起的海星。
【用法】
（1）be/get discouraged 变得灰心，泄气
（2）discourage sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
（3）discouraging adj. 令人泄气的
discouragement n. 泄气；灰心；使人泄气的人或事物
【佳句】 His words were discouraging， which made many people
discouraged.
他的话令人沮丧，这使许多人感到沮丧。
Do not let any failure discourage you， for you can never tell how close
you may be to victory.
不要因任何失败而灰心，因为你永远不清楚自己离成功可能有多近。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①To his disappointment， his parents tried to discourage him
being an actor.
②It is really （discourage） for us to stand in line for
more than one hour and then be told that we can’t see the manager until
tomorrow.
③The unfavorable reviews of his first novel were a
great （discourage） to him.
from
discouraging
discouragement
【写美】 翻译句子
④他发现自己非但没有泄气，反而充满了成就感。
Instead of being discouraged， he found himself filled with a sense of
achievement.
weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担
【教材原句】 Sometimes， responsibilities may weigh heavily on you.
有时候，责任可能会是你们的一个重担。
【用法】
（1）weigh up 权衡，斟酌
weigh up the pros and cons 权衡利弊
weigh sth against sth 认真考虑某事，权衡某事
（2）weigh （sb） down 使（某人）烦恼，使（某人）忧心
忡忡；使（某人）负荷太重
（3）weigh one’s words 推敲；斟酌字句
【佳句】 Something was weighing on her mind.
她心事重重。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The responsibility of her new job weighed heavily her mind.
②You’d better weigh the pros and cons before settling on your
choice.
③Those costs must be weighed the environmental benefits.
on
up
against
【写美】 完成句子
④I must to avoid any misunderstanding.
我必须字斟句酌以免发生误解。
weigh my words
Part Ⅱ 中频词汇特训
deadline n.最后期限，截止日期
【教材原句】 This means meeting deadlines for your schoolwork，
following your teachers’ guidance， and of course， always aiming for
academic excellence.
这意味着按时完成作业，听从老师的指导，当然还要永远追求学术上
的卓越。
【用法】
deadline for ... ……的最后期限
meet/miss a deadline 按时/未按时完成
before the deadline 在最后期限之前
【佳句】 The deadline for applications is this Friday.申请截止
到本周五。
【练透】 完成句子
①They failed to because their time was limited.
由于时间有限，他们没能如期完成。
②I hope we can finish this work .
我希望我们能在最后期限之前完成这项工作。
meet the deadline
before the deadline
guidance n.指导；导航
【用法】
（1）ask/look for some guidance 寻求一些指导
seek guidance from sb 向某人寻求指导
provide guidance 提供指导
under sb’s guidance＝under the guidance of sb 在某人的指导下
（2）guide vt.指导，引导 n.向导，导游
guide sb （to/through/around/sth） 给某人领路（或导游）；指引
（3）guided adj. 有向导的，有导游的
【佳句】 Under your expert guidance， we have had a better
command of English than before and have achieved satisfactory results in
recent examinations.
在您的专业指导下，我们的英语比以前掌握得更好了，并在最近的考
试中取得了令人满意的成绩。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He guided the chairwoman the hall to attend the great wedding.
②The plan was drawn up under the chief engineer’s
personal （guide）.
③If it had not been your guidance， I wouldn’t have won the
prize.
to
guidance
for
【写美】 句式升级
④We were guided by a local guide and visited the splendid statue.
→ ， we visited the splendid statue.
（用with复合结构改写）
→ ， we visited the splendid statue.（用独
立主格结构改写）
With a local guide guiding us
A local guide guiding us
Part Ⅲ 重点句型解构
句型公式：not ...but ...不是……而是……
【教材原句】 Hopefully， you have learnt to treat responsibility not as
a weight that burdens you， but rather as a foundation which will support
your future development.
希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担，而是把它当作支持
你们未来发展的基础。
【用法】
（1）not ...but ...连接两个并列的成分，表示意思上的转折，not
后面接被否定的内容， but后面接被认可的事实。
（2）not ...but ...连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式
取决于靠近谓语动词的名词，即遵循“就近一致”原则。
【品悟】 I work not because I have to， but because I want to.
我工作不是因为我不得不工作，而是因为我想工作。
【写美】 完成句子
①I realize the secret to success is
and how you do it in your life.
我意识到成功的秘诀不在于你出生于何时何地，而在于你在生活中的
所作所为。
②Not you but Tom because he is the
manager of the department.
不是你而是汤姆要为这个错误负责，因为他是这个部门的经理。
not when or where you were born，
but what you are doing
is responsible for the mistake
句型公式：so that引导结果状语从句
【教材原句】 So， dear students， take your first step into the adult
world by accepting your responsibilities， so that adulthood will be an
enjoyable and rewarding experience for both you and those around you.
所以，亲爱的学生们，将承担责任作为你们迈入成人世界的第一步
吧。这样对于你们和你们周围的人来说，成年都将是一段愉快而有益
的经历。
【用法】
（1）so that引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，结果”，主从句之间
有时用逗号隔开。
（2）so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中通常有may、might、can、
could等情态动词，主从句之间不能用逗号隔开，意为“为的
是……；以便于……”。
（3）so that引导目的状语从句时可以与in order that互换，但so that不
能置于句首。
【品悟】 We are very interested in Kunming so that we have decided to
pay a visit to the city.
我们对昆明很感兴趣，所以我们决定去参观一下这个城市。
【写美】 完成句子/句型转换
①The heavy rain lasted for about a week
until the next month.
大雨持续了大约一周，结果运动会不得不推迟到下个月。
②While walking， John checked his smartphone，
into a tree.
约翰走路时看手机，结果撞到一棵树上了。
③He set out early so that he could arrive there in advance.
→He set out early arrive there in advance.
→He set out early arrive there in advance.
so that the sports meeting had
to be put off
so that he
knocked
in order to
so as to
句型公式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句
【教材原句】 Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be
great tomorrow.
今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。
【用法】
（1）“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关
系。
（2）“祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”相当于“if＋not＋条
件状语从句＋主句”。
（3）“名词短语＋and＋陈述句”也有上述句式功能，名词词组中
常含有more、another、further、earlier等词。
【品悟】 Work hard and believe in yourself and you’ll succeed one
day.
努力学习，相信自己，总有一天你会成功的。
【写美】 完成句子/一句多译
① you’ll be really tired tomorrow.
现在上床睡觉吧，否则明天你会很累的。
②再给我一个小时，我就把工作做完了。
→ ， and I’ll get the work finished.
（祈使句）
→ ， and I’ll get the work finished.（名词短语）
Go to bed now or
Give me one more hour
One more hour
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. To tell the truth， I didn’t like the geophysicist from the bottom of my
heart as he liked finding f with others.
2. He always helps his parents weed the garden， carry out the g
and deliver newspapers.
ault
arbage
3. He got into a panic when he realised that he couldn’t meet the
d .
4. Actually he had got the news already but he p to know
nothing about it.
5. O and environment-friendly products are becoming more and
more popular among people.
6. In addition to his salary， he has a （奖金） of 6，000
yuan per month.
eadline
retended
rganic
bonus
7. A teacher should know how to give proper （指导） to
students in his teaching.
8. The old man has the habit of paying the cheque into his
（储蓄金） account.
9. Rainfall has been evenly distributed this year and a good
（收成） can be expected.
10. Our teacher always lays stress on honesty as an important
（美德）.
guidance
savings
harvest
virtue
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. Don’t be （discourage）， you’ll learn by and
by.
2. Under the （guide） of the expert， we have made great
progress.
3. Many farms are trying to advertise （organic） grown
food for customers.
4. Yesterday I opened a （save） account at the local bank.
discouraged
guidance
organically
savings
5. The officer is said to be serious and demanding， but also
（mercy）.
6. Punishment can never be an effective cure for （society）
problems.
7. Though I have asked for her （forgive）， but I
don’t know whether she will forgive me or not.
8. Don’t raise your hopes too high， or you may be
（disappoint） in the end.
merciful
social
forgiveness
disappointed
9. It took the jury （陪审团） some time to reach the conclusion that the
man was （guilt）.
10. She decided to leave the company and handed in her
（resign）.
guilty
resignation
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1. 无论广告做得多么好，如果产品不适合人们，他们也不可能信服。
（however 引导让步状语从句）
， people are unlikely to be
persuaded if the product is unsuitable for them.
2. 时间一旦被设定就不能更改。（状语从句的省略）
， the time cannot be changed.
3. 他的脚受伤了，因此他无法参加比赛了。（so that）
He injured his foot play in the match.
However good an advertisement is
Once set
so that he was unable to
4. 希望做那件事的不是经理，而是工人。（not ...but ...）
hoping to do that.
5. 读一读这个故事，你就会意识到并不是所有的东西都能用金钱买
到。（祈使句＋and＋陈述句）
that not everything can be
bought with money.
Not the manager but the workers are
Read this story， and you will realise
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
A principal is giving a speech 1. theme is “Taking
responsibility” at the students’ coming-of-age ceremony.The students
are 2. the way to adulthood when they must learn to be responsible
for themselves and society，3. is the foundation that can
support their future.
whose
on
which
At school， you have 4. （gradual） understood the
importance of a well-developed sense of 5.
（responsible）.You accept that you are responsible for your successes
and your 6. （fail）.As students， you must take your
studies seriously and accept responsibility for your own learning.Apart
from personal development， 7. （assume） responsibility
for your actions is also important for the
gradually
responsibility
failures
assuming
8. （better） of society.So， dear students， take your first
step into the adult world by accepting your responsibilities，9. that
adulthood will be an enjoyable and 10. （reward）
experience for both you and those around you.
betterment
so
rewarding
Ⅰ.阅读理解
I loaded The Ledger in the metal basket of my bicycle I called my
tank.Balloon tires （低压轮胎） mobilized the red-black heavy bike I had
found on a roadside left for the garbage man.In those days， the papers
had to be left on the steps.Some customers requested I put them between
the storm door and the front wooden door.
Saturday was collection day.When I knocked on the door， I never
knew what I was going to get.Old man Kusek shouted out of the back of
his kitchen， “I’ll pay you next week.” I made a note on his card that
this was the fifth week in a row he had shouted those same words.
Every week I had cold feet about charging for the newspapers at Mr
Schaefer’s house.As soon as I took the first step up， two German
Shepherds bolted （突然快跑） against the screen door.Their barking
always pushed me one step back from the door.“Don’t worry.They
won’t hurt you，” a voice shouted from inside the house.Mr Schaefer
came to the door to pay his bill with a dollar clenched （咬紧） between
his teeth while he held each dog by their collar.Grabbing the money from
his mouth， I turned and ran， thinking those fierce dogs were going to
break free and eat me alive.
Every two weeks， Mr Kloch from The Ledger would come to collect
the money.After I paid the amount， the rest was mine.Counting the
change was the fun part to see how much money I’d made.
My first job as a paperboy taught me about managing money，
serving customers， and accepting responsibility.I remember the time
when I was in a grocery store with my mother.A family approached us and
their little kid pointed at me and shouted，“That’s our paperboy！” I
felt proud at that moment and I still do today.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了儿时当报童的经历，这
段经历让他学会了如何理财、服务客户以及承担责任。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了儿时当报童的经历，这
段经历让他学会了如何理财、服务客户以及承担责任。
1. What did the author use to do when delivering newspapers？（ ）
A. He rode a second-hand bike.
B. He carried a red-black basket.
C. He was accompanied by two dogs.
D. He stuck the papers in customers’ door.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句可知，作者当报童
送报时常常骑一辆破旧的二手自行车。
2. What kind of man was Kusek in the author’s eyes？（ ）
A. He was far too sensitive.
B. He was very responsible.
C. He always broke his promise.
D. He rarely had an aggressive manner.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中作者对Kusek的描述可知，
每次都说下周给报款的Kusek总是食言。
3. What does the underlined part “had cold feet” in Paragraph 3
probably mean？（ ）
A. Got curious. B. Became nervous.
C. Felt sorry. D. Looked confused.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的two German
Shepherds ...barking always pushed me one step back from the door可
知，作者每周都要去Mr Schaefer家收报款，可是因为他家有两只凶
猛的德国牧羊犬，所以作者每次去他家收款都很害怕。get/have
cold feet意为“临阵胆怯；畏缩”。
4. What did the author think of his experience of being a paperboy？
（ ）
A. He expressed regret over it.
B. He showed no interest in it.
C. He was very grateful for it.
D. He felt embarrassed about it.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的My first job as a paperboy taught me about managing money， serving customers， and
accepting responsibility.和I felt proud at that moment可知，作者非常
感激当报童的这段经历。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
One of the best things you can do for your community is volunteer，
but it’s necessary to understand that it comes with the same kind of
mission a paid job has.Since you promise to do something， you need to
follow it through.5.（ ）
Whether you’re just starting out or you’ve been volunteering for
years， think of what you’re doing.Here are some things you need to do
if you want to do your best：
Volunteer with a good attitude.You are doing something that you
really want to do.So put a smile on your face and show you want to be
there.6.（ ）
Follow the rules.7.（ ） Do your best to follow them because
they’ve been made for a reason.Periodically go over your job
description.If you don’t have a written one， ask your volunteer
coordinator whether or not you’re meeting expectations.
8. （ ） If you see something that the volunteer coordinator
needs to know about， let him know as soon as possible.Or if you have a
better idea of getting the work done faster， share your thoughts with
him.It will do good to the cause.
Be flexible.You may be actively doing your given job when you
notice something else that needs to be done.9.（ ）
A. Communicate more.
B. Get along with others.
C. You and everyone around you will be happier if you have a positive
attitude.
D. Not all volunteers volunteer out of the kindness of their hearts.
E. Someone may have given you a list of rules， either written or spoken.
F. Try to do whatever it is， unless it’s against the rules of your
organization.
G. People are depending on you， and you should give your time responsibly.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何做好志愿者工作提
出了一些建议。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何做好志愿者工作提
出了一些建议。
5. G 上文提到：做志愿者同样有使命，需要负责任。空处为本段最
后一句，应承接上文继续说明负责任的原因，故G项（人们都在依赖
你，你应该负责任地付出你的时间）符合语境。
6. C 根据上文可知，本段主要是关于志愿者态度的说明，上文提到
面带微笑表现出你想在那里做志愿者，由此可推测此处应表述的是需
要积极的态度，C项中的a positive attitude对应上文中的a good
attitude。故C项（如果你有积极的态度，你和你周围的每个人会更快
乐）符合语境。
7. E 根据上文Follow the rules.可知，本段的建议是遵守志愿者的规
则，下文中them指代E项中的a list of rules。故E项（有人可能已经给
了你一份规则列表，不管是书面的还是口头的）符合语境。
8. A 本空位于本段开头，根据第三、四、六段开头语可知，本空应
选祈使句作为本段的主旨句。根据下文中的let him know as soon as
possible和share your thoughts with him可知，本段提到要多和他人分享
自己的想法，即多和他人沟通。故A项（多交流）符合语境。
9. F 上文提到你可能在工作过程中注意到有其他的事情需要
做，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明如何应对这种情况。
故F项（不管这件事是什么，尽量去做，除非它违反了你组织的规
定）符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
My daughter Julia and I headed to the school supply section in the
shop the other day.Because I struggled with 10 ， I always looked for
a perfect planner.I dreamed that I would 11 my procrastination （拖
延） with the perfect planner.
Julia 12 a planner and showed it to me.“Mom， this one has a
habit tracker.Do your other ones have that？” “No.But that could be
really 13 .” I thought of all the good habits I wanted to develop.I
asked Julia to put the planner in the cart （手推车）.“I will 14
one， too，” Julia said.
The next day， I filled in the habit-tracker section of my new planner
and 15 to make some positive changes.As I drank a glass of water —
instead of my usual Diet Coke — I felt 16 .Maybe I’d 17 found
the perfect planner to help me get my act together.
One morning， I 18 my planner and realized that I’d grabbed
Julia’s 19 .And the first 20 on her habit tracker was “Write in
my gratitude journal.” The second one was “Do something nice for
others.” Both items were 21 every day that week.Since she was
very 22 ， how did she find time to do these things？
When I asked her about it， she said，“Those two habits go
together.Writing in my gratitude journal makes me 23 to do nice
things for others.”
I realized I’d spent years 24 the perfect planner when what I
really needed was a gratitude journal.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在女儿的影响下，作者决定开始写
感恩日志。
10. A. devotion B. tradition
C. organization D. comparison
解析： 根据下文中的I always looked for a perfect planner可知，
“我”做事不够条理，因此“我”一直在寻找一本完美规划簿，
“我”梦想着有了它“我”就能结束“我”的拖延症。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在女儿的影响下，作者决定开始写
感恩日志。
11. A. admit B. explain
C. predict D. end
解析： 参见上题解析。
12. A. completed B. packed
C. replaced D. selected
解析： 根据上文My daughter Julia and I headed to the school
supply section in the shop the other day.可知，到了学习用品区，
Julia挑了一本规划簿并拿给“我”看。
13. A. helpful B. strange
C. expensive D. difficult
解析： 根据下文I thought of all the good habits I wanted to
develop.可知，“我”认为规划簿上的习惯追踪将会对“我”很
有帮助。
14. A. decorate B. make C. pass D. get
解析： 根据上文I asked Julia to put the planner in the cart （手推
车）.可知，Julia说她也想买一本。
15. A. decided B. failed
C. happened D. regretted
解析： 根据上文The next day， I filled in the habit-tracker
section of my new planner可知，“我”决定作出一些积极的
改变。
16. A. amused B. excited
C. worried D. confused
解析： 根据下文found the perfect planner ...together可知，
“我”感到兴奋不已，或许“我”终于发现了完美的规划簿。
17. A. formally B. personally
C. finally D. immediately
解析： 参见上题解析。
18. A. discovered B. opened
C. forgot D. shared
解析： 根据下文中的realized that I’d grabbed Julia’s可知，
一天早上，“我”把Julia的规划簿当成是“我”自己的翻开了。
19. A. by luck B. in advance
C. by mistake D. in return
解析： 参见上题解析。
20. A. task B. result
C. problem D. success
解析： 根据下文的how did she find time to do these things可
知，Julia“习惯追踪”上的第一个任务是“写感恩日志”，第二
个任务是“做好事”。尽管她很忙，但那一周她每天都会完成这
两件事。
21. A. asked about B. applied for
C. checked off D. commented on
解析： 参见上题解析。
22. A. reliable B. kind C. tired D. busy
解析： 参见第20题解析。
24. A. preparing for B. learning from
C. searching for D. dealing with
解析： 根据第一段中的I always looked for a perfect planner.可
知，“我”花了很多年去寻找一本完美规划簿，殊不知，“我”
需要的只是一本感恩日志。
23. A. afford B. want
C. pretend D. hesitate
解析： 根据上文Those two habits go together.可知，Julia说写
感恩日志让她想做好事。
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
Mariana and other River Edge Rockers， their community soccer
team， dreamed of getting a regulation soccer field.She and her father
would attend the Town Council meeting that night.They would also get the
whole team there to convince the Council they needed a better field.
When they all arrived at the meeting hall and sat together，
Councilwoman Maloof opened the discussion， and Mr Boyd， the
Rockers’ manager， spoke first.“Our team currently practices in a tiny
school yard， and only when it’s not already booked.”The team
nodded immediately.
Mrs Yamagata， owner of Something Sushi， walked to the podium
（讲台）.“I believe the town owns an empty lot next to my
restaurant，” she said.“Couldn’t that be a soccer field？” The
Rockers cheered.
“A soccer field would be a good use for that lot，” Maloof
said.“But the town simply doesn’t have the money to build and
maintain one.”
“The Rockers can do it！” Mr Boyd spoke up.He began to
negotiate with the Council.“If the town lets the Rockers use the vacant
lot， we will turn it into a soccer field.”
After some discussion， the Council reached a decision.They
approved using that lot for a community soccer field.The team cheered.
The following day， at Something Sushi， the team got together to
share ideas for raising money.They finally decided to wash cars for their
community.On the day of the car wash， car owners lined up in the
middle school parking lot， where six wading pools （塑料浅水池） had
been set up.The team began washing carefully.By the end of the day，
the Rockers were soaked through （湿透） but excited about raising
$750.In the next few days， the Rockers also invited neighbours to donate
materials for building the field.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
A week later， the team gathered at the lot， carrying tools
purchased with their earnings or donated by
neighbours.
Opening day attracted a huge crowd of soccer fans， all amazed
by the new field.
参考范文：
A week later， the team gathered at the lot， carrying tools purchased
with their earnings or donated by neighbours.Staring at the unused field of
dirt， rocks， and weeds， Mariana thought it was not the soccer field in
their dream.But she kicked into action with the others， cleaning up the
mess.There was a huge rock in the middle of the field and the team moved
it onto a rented truck.However， a gaping hole immediately
appeared.With everyone working together they moved enough soil from
the field’s edges to fill the hole.
Opening day attracted a huge crowd of soccer fans， all amazed by
the new field.Before the game， the Rockers gathered together.They did
it.Together they successfully turned an unseemly lot into their field of
dreams.Everyone was excited and they decided to get out there hand in
hand.Later， as the clock was running out on the 0∶0 score， Mariana
kicked the ball hard.When she saw it slip through the opposing goalie’s
hands， she realized that her dream had actually come true！
谢谢观看！
