Section 4 Focus on Language：Relative Clauses (2)
课时目标
1.掌握关系副词引导的定语从句的用法，并学会在语境中使用。
2.学会使用关系副词引导的定语从句描述经历过的一段历险故事。
语境中体悟
In April 2017, two giant pandas from China arrived at a zoo in the Netherlands.There, they were welcomed to the Chinese style compound where they were to live①. On 30th, May, after the preparations were complete, the day finally came when the pandas met their fans for the first time②.People were excited — the zoo is the only place in the country where it is possible to see pandas③. In fact, the last time there were pandas in the Netherlands was in 1987.And of course, the main reason why they were so excited④ is that pandas are just so cute!
[语法入门]
①处为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the Chinese style compound，where在从句中作地点状语。
②处为when 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the day，when在从句中作时间状语。
③处为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the only place，where在从句中作地点状语。
④处为why引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the main reason，why在从句中作原因状语。
学案中理清
当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作时间、地点、原因等状语时，应使用关系副词 when、where、why或“介词＋which”。本课主要讲关系副词引导的定语从句。关系副词的作用如下：①指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词；②在从句中充当句子成分——状语，即在从句中起副词的作用；③起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来构成主从复合句。
一、when引导的定语从句
1．当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time、day、year、month、week等)，且在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句要用when引导。如：
It was a time when I was addicted to chatting online with some guys whom I had never seen.
那是一段我沉迷于和一些我从未见过的人在网上聊天的时期。
We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
我们生活在这样一个年代——可以比以往任何时候都更容易获得更多的信息。
2．when可以转化成“介词＋which”的形式。
3．当先行词表示时间，且关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，不能用when，而要用关系代词that 或 which引导定语从句(作宾语时，关系词可省略)。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①I still remember the time ____________________________________.
我仍然记得我初为大学生的那段时光。
②(2023·浙江1月高考)As my car neared it my thoughts drifted back to the moment ________________________ from the spider's web.
当我的车接近它时，我的思绪又回到了我从蜘蛛网中救出鸟的那一刻。
③I'll remember the days ______________________________.
我会记得和你一起度过的那些日子。
二、where引导的定语从句
1．当先行词是表示地点的名词，包括具体地点名词place、school、house等以及抽象地点名词situation(情形)、position(位置)、point(地步)、case(情况)、stage(阶段)等，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句要用where引导。如：
Have you been to the place where Lu Xun once lived？你去过鲁迅的故居吗？
I have reached a stage in my career where I need to decide which way to go.
我的事业到了需要决定何去何从的阶段。
2．where可以转化成“介词＋which”的形式。
3．当先行词表示地点，且关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，不能用where，而要用关系代词that或which引导定语从句(作宾语时，关系词可省略)。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)He picked me up at the bus station ____________________________ four days before.
他在四天前让我下车的汽车站接我。
②His father works in a factory __________________________________.
他的父亲在一家生产手机零件的工厂工作。
③We have reached a point ______________________________.
我们已经到了必须做出改变的地步。
④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The next day my school launched an award presentation ________________________________________________ from my classmates and teachers.
第二天，学校举行了颁奖典礼，同学们和老师们为我鼓掌欢呼。
⑤(2023·浙江1月高考)A professor led students to search for plants on campus, ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
一位教授带领学生们在校园里寻找植物，他向学生们展示了如何识别不同的植物及其用途。
三、why引导的定语从句
1．当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句要用why引导。如：
We don't know the reason why he turned his back on his former boss.
我们不知道他为什么背弃原来的老板。
Do you believe the reason why he was late for the party？你相信他聚会迟到的原因吗？
2．why可以转化成“for＋which”的形式， 且why只能引导限制性定语从句。
3．若先行词为reason，但关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语时，则用that或which引导定语从句。
[对点练]
(1)完成句子
①This is the reason ___________________________________________________.
这就是他这么快离开的原因。
(2)一句多译
你知道他现在不在这儿的原因吗？
② ___________________________________________________
③ ___________________________________________________
[随堂应用体验]
用适当的关系副词完成短文
Dear Kay，
We're having an amazing time here in South Africa.Our accommodation is perfect.It is in a location ①____________ we can watch animals wandering past on their way to the waterhole.Sunset is the time of day ②________ we sit on the balcony and count how many giraffes or antelopes we can see.I guess this is the reason ③____________ this place is so popular.Next week, we are going to fly up to Zambia.That's one of the countries ④________ you can visit the famous Victoria Falls.
See you soon.
Yours，
David
Section 4 Focus on Language：Relative Clauses (2)
学案中理清
一、[对点练] ①when I first became a college student
②when I rescued the bird ③(which/that) I spent with you
二、[对点练] ①where he had dropped me off
②which/that makes cellphone parts
③where a change is needed
④where I received thunderous applause and cheers
⑤where he showed how to recognize different plants and their usage
三、[对点练] ①why/for which he left so quickly
②Do you know the reason why he is not here now
③Do you know the reason for which he is not here now
[随堂应用体验]
①where ②when ③why ④where
2 / 2(共45张PPT)
Section 4
Focus on Language：Relative Clauses (2)
课时目标
1.掌握关系副词引导的定语从句的用法，并学会在语境中使用。
2.学会使用关系副词引导的定语从句描述经历过的一段历险故事。
课时检测
目 录
语境中体悟
In April 2017, two giant pandas from China arrived at a zoo in the Netherlands.There, they were welcomed to the Chinese-style compound where they were to live①. On 30th, May, after the preparations were complete, the day finally came when the pandas met their fans for the first time②.People were excited — the zoo is the only place in the country where it is possible to see pandas③. In fact, the last time there were pandas in the Netherlands was in 1987.And of course, the main reason why they were so excited④ is that pandas are just so cute!
[语法入门]
①处为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the Chinese-style compound，where在从句中作地点状语。
②处为when 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the day，when在从句中作时间状语。
③处为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the only place，where在从句中作地点状语。
④处为why引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the main reason，why在从句中作原因状语。
学案中理清
当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作时间、地点、原因等状语时，应使用关系副词 when、where、why或“介词＋which”。本课主要讲关系副词引导的定语从句。关系副词的作用如下：①指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词；②在从句中充当句子成分——状语，即在从句中起副词的作用；③起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来构成主从复合句。
一、when引导的定语从句
1．当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time、day、year、month、week等)，且在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句要用when引导。如：
It was a time when I was addicted to chatting online with some guys whom I had never seen.
那是一段我沉迷于和一些我从未见过的人在网上聊天的时期。
We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
我们生活在这样一个年代——可以比以往任何时候都更容易获得更多的信息。
2．when可以转化成“介词＋which”的形式。
3．当先行词表示时间，且关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，不能用when，而要用关系代词that 或 which引导定语从句(作宾语时，关系词可省略)。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①I still remember the time .
我仍然记得我初为大学生的那段时光。
when I first became a college student
②(2023·浙江1月高考)As my car neared it my thoughts drifted back to the moment from the spider's web.
当我的车接近它时，我的思绪又回到了我从蜘蛛网中救出鸟的那一刻。
③I'll remember the days .我会记得和你一起度过的那些日子。
when I rescued the bird
(which/that) I spent with you
二、where引导的定语从句
1．当先行词是表示地点的名词，包括具体地点名词place、school、house等以及抽象地点名词situation(情形)、position(位置)、point(地步)、case(情况)、stage(阶段)等，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句要用where引导。如：
Have you been to the place where Lu Xun once lived？
你去过鲁迅的故居吗？
I have reached a stage in my career where I need to decide which way to go.
我的事业到了需要决定何去何从的阶段。
2．where可以转化成“介词＋which”的形式。
3．当先行词表示地点，且关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，不能用where，而要用关系代词that或which引导定语从句(作宾语时，关系词可省略)。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)He picked me up at the bus station __________________________four days before.
他在四天前让我下车的汽车站接我。
②His father works in a factory .
他的父亲在一家生产手机零件的工厂工作。
③We have reached a point .
我们已经到了必须做出改变的地步。
where he had dropped me off
which/that makes cellphone parts
where a change is needed
④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The next day my school launched an award presentation from my classmates and teachers.
第二天，学校举行了颁奖典礼，同学们和老师们为我鼓掌欢呼。
⑤(2023·浙江1月高考)A professor led students to search for plants on campus, .
一位教授带领学生们在校园里寻找植物，他向学生们展示了如何识别不同的植物及其用途。
where I received thunderous applause and cheers
where he showed how to recognize different plants and their usage
三、why引导的定语从句
1．当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句要用why引导。如：
We don't know the reason why he turned his back on his former boss.
我们不知道他为什么背弃原来的老板。
Do you believe the reason why he was late for the party
你相信他聚会迟到的原因吗？
2．why可以转化成“for＋which”的形式， 且why只能引导限制性定语从句。
3．若先行词为reason，但关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语时，则用that或which引导定语从句。
[对点练]
(1)完成句子
①This is the reason .
这就是他这么快离开的原因。
why/for which he left so quickly
(2)一句多译
你知道他现在不在这儿的原因吗？
②
③
Do you know the reason why he is not here now
Do you know the reason for which he is not here now
[随堂应用体验]
用适当的关系副词完成短文
Dear Kay，
We're having an amazing time here in South Africa.Our accommodation is perfect.It is in a location ① we can watch animals wandering past on their way to the waterhole.Sunset is the time of day ② we sit on the balcony and count how many giraffes or antelopes we can see.
where
when
I guess this is the reason ③ this place is so popular.Next week, we are going to fly up to Zambia.That's one of the countries ④ you can visit the famous Victoria Falls.
See you soon.
Yours，
David
why
where
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.
2．We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.
3．Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
课时检测
where
when
where
4．There was a long wait at the reception desk, everyone was checking in.
5．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
6．Opposite is a school, you can hear some lovely music.
7．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.
where
when
where
where
8．As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.
9．The loss of big trees was greatest in areas trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.
10．Kate will never forget the years she lived with her home-stay family in China.
when
where
when
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．This is the lab .
这是我们以前做物理实验的实验室。
2．I have forgotten the exact date .
我忘了我参军的确切日期了。
3．My granny was born in the year .
我奶奶出生在第二次世界大战爆发的那一年。
where/in which we used to do physics experiments
when/on which I joined the army
when World War Ⅱ broke out
4．Kunming is a lovely city _____________________________________ ___________.
昆明是一座美丽的城市，一年四季都可以看到鲜花。
5．He couldn't give the teacher a good reason .
他无法给老师一个上学迟到的合理理由。
where/in which flowers are seen all the
why he was late for school
year round
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Four Best Hikes in the UK by Train
The following four best hikes in the UK by train are recommended to try.
Golden Cap on the Southwest Coast Path
The nearest train station: Axminster
The Golden Cap Estate is famous for being the tallest point of the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site. Following the Southwest Coast Path for about 7.5km will take you along Charmouth Beach which is famous for the many fossils (化石) found there.
Aber Falls in the Snowdonia National Park
The nearest train station: Bangor
Aber Falls is an impressive 40m tall waterfall in the Snowdonia National Park. Following the 4km path through Aber Nature Reserve to reach the waterfall you will pass ancient woodlands. Additionally, you'll be able to find a few smaller waterfalls on route.
Conic Hill in the Loch Lomond
The nearest train station: Balloch
The Conic Hill is one of the final parts on the West Highland Way route. After going through ancient woodlands, you'll reach the impressive view of Loch Lomond and its many islands. Covering about 5.5km, the path begins and ends in the small village of Balmaha.
Loch an Eilein in the Cairngorms National Park
The nearest train station: Aviemore
This 7.2km walk passes Loch an Eilein and cuts through the endless ancient forest. The Loch is home to a small island and the beautiful Loch an Eilein Castle (城堡) which dates back to the 13th century. While walking, you can enjoy the sound of birdsong all around you.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了英国四个乘火车旅行的最佳远足。
1．Which place will you choose if you like natural heritage
A．Aber Falls. B．Golden Cap.
C．Conic Hill. D．Loch an Eilein.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据“Golden Cap on the Southwest Coast Path ”部分中的“The Golden Cap Estate is famous for being the tallest point of the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site.”可知，在Golden Cap可以欣赏自然遗产。
2．Which station should you choose if visiting Aber Nature Reserve
A．Axminster. B．Bangor.
C．Balloch. D．Aviemore.
解析：细节理解题。根据“Aber Falls in the Snowdonia National Park”部分中的“The nearest train station: Bangor”可知，如果去参观Aber Nature Reserve，你应该选择Bangor。
√
3．What do Conic Hill and Loch an Eilein have in common
A．Ancient forest. B．Several islands.
C．Famous castles. D．Beautiful birds.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据“Conic Hill in the Loch Lomond”部分中的“After going through ancient woodlands, you'll reach the impressive view of Loch Lomond and its many islands.”和“Loch an Eilein in the Cairngorms National Park”部分中的“This 7.2km walk passes Loch an Eilein and cuts through the endless ancient forest.”可知，Conic Hill和Loch an Eilein都有古老的森林。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Human beings are part of nature, but for many centuries, we have been living in 1 (complete) man-made environments. Modern cities make our lives quite 2 (comfort), but most people live in a way that is disconnected from other living things and the natural cycles of the earth. A special school in Western Australia is now creating opportunities for everyone to safely experience nature.
Steve Aldridge's school 3 (call) Wild Movement, and it is located near the city of Perth. Children and adults who attend programs at Wild Movement can learn survival skills like gathering food, making shelters, 4 building fires. Some courses offer instruction on using tools, such as knives or bows and arrows. Others are focused on using plants 5 (make) baskets, bags and rope.
However, the skills 6 (teach) there are not the most important part of the programs. 7 mission (任务) of Wild Movement is to provide a space 8 people can develop courage by taking small risks and feel connected with the natural world around 9 (they). When we learn to appreciate nature and make sense of our place in the larger web of life, we can all have a better 10 (understand) of what it means to be human.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西澳大利亚的一所特殊学校正在为每个人创造安全体验自然的机会。
1．completely 考查副词。空处修饰形容词man-made，应用副词形式。
2．comfortable 考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，应用形容词作宾语补足语。
3．is called 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语school和动词call之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语是名词单数形式，be动词用is。
4．and 考查连词。空后的“building fires”和前文之间是并列关系，应用and连接。
5．to make 考查非谓语动词。use sth. to do sth.意为“使用……做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
6．taught 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，且动词teach和skills之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
7．The 考查冠词。由空后“of Wild Movement”可知，此处表示特指，应用定冠词，位于句首，首字母应大写。
8．where 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是a space，表示抽象的地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。
9．them 考查人称代词的宾格。此处作介词around的宾语，应用宾格。
10．understanding 考查名词。由空前的“a”可知，此处应用名词作宾语。have a better understanding of ...意为“对……有更好的理解”。UNIT 5 课时检测(四) Focus on Language：Relative Clauses (2)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Their child is at the stage ____________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
2．We have entered into an age ____________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
3．Self driving is an area ____________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
4．There was a long wait at the reception desk, ____________ everyone was checking in.
5．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____________ the weather may be better.
6．Opposite is a school, ____________ you can hear some lovely music.
7．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ____________ his employees enjoy their work.
8．As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ____________ he should be able to be independent.
9．The loss of big trees was greatest in areas ____________ trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.
10．Kate will never forget the years ____________ she lived with her home stay family in China.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．This is the lab __________________________________________________________.
这是我们以前做物理实验的实验室。
2．I have forgotten the exact date ____________________________________.
我忘了我参军的确切日期了。
3．My granny was born in the year __________________________________.
我奶奶出生在第二次世界大战爆发的那一年。
4．Kunming is a lovely city ____________________________________________________.
昆明是一座美丽的城市，一年四季都可以看到鲜花。
5．He couldn't give the teacher a good reason ______________________________.
他无法给老师一个上学迟到的合理理由。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Four Best Hikes in the UK by Train
The following four best hikes in the UK by train are recommended to try.
Golden Cap on the Southwest Coast Path
The nearest train station: Axminster
The Golden Cap Estate is famous for being the tallest point of the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site. Following the Southwest Coast Path for about 7.5km will take you along Charmouth Beach which is famous for the many fossils (化石) found there.
Aber Falls in the Snowdonia National Park
The nearest train station: Bangor
Aber Falls is an impressive 40m tall waterfall in the Snowdonia National Park. Following the 4km path through Aber Nature Reserve to reach the waterfall you will pass ancient woodlands. Additionally, you'll be able to find a few smaller waterfalls on route.
Conic Hill in the Loch Lomond
The nearest train station: Balloch
The Conic Hill is one of the final parts on the West Highland Way route. After going through ancient woodlands, you'll reach the impressive view of Loch Lomond and its many islands. Covering about 5.5km, the path begins and ends in the small village of Balmaha.
Loch an Eilein in the Cairngorms National Park
The nearest train station: Aviemore
This 7.2km walk passes Loch an Eilein and cuts through the endless ancient forest. The Loch is home to a small island and the beautiful Loch an Eilein Castle (城堡) which dates back to the 13th century. While walking, you can enjoy the sound of birdsong all around you.
1．Which place will you choose if you like natural heritage
A．Aber Falls. B．Golden Cap.
C．Conic Hill. D．Loch an Eilein.
2．Which station should you choose if visiting Aber Nature Reserve
A．Axminster. B．Bangor.
C．Balloch. D．Aviemore.
3．What do Conic Hill and Loch an Eilein have in common
A．Ancient forest. B．Several islands.
C．Famous castles. D．Beautiful birds.
Ⅳ.语法填空
Human beings are part of nature, but for many centuries, we have been living in __1__ (complete) man made environments. Modern cities make our lives quite __2__ (comfort), but most people live in a way that is disconnected from other living things and the natural cycles of the earth. A special school in Western Australia is now creating opportunities for everyone to safely experience nature.
Steve Aldridge's school __3__ (call) Wild Movement, and it is located near the city of Perth. Children and adults who attend programs at Wild Movement can learn survival skills like gathering food, making shelters, __4__ building fires. Some courses offer instruction on using tools, such as knives or bows and arrows. Others are focused on using plants __5__ (make) baskets, bags and rope.
However, the skills __6__ (teach) there are not the most important part of the programs. __7__ mission (任务) of Wild Movement is to provide a space __8__ people can develop courage by taking small risks and feel connected with the natural world around __9__ (they). When we learn to appreciate nature and make sense of our place in the larger web of life, we can all have a better __10__ (understand) of what it means to be human.
UNIT 5 课时检测(四)
Ⅰ.1.where 2.when 3.where 4.where 5.when 6.where
7．where 8.when 9.where 10.when
Ⅱ.1.where/in which we used to do physics experiments
2．when/on which I joined the army
3．when World War Ⅱ broke out
4．where/in which flowers are seen all the year round
5．why he was late for school
Ⅲ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了英国四个乘火车旅行的最佳远足。
1．选B 细节理解题。根据“Golden Cap on the Southwest Coast Path ”部分中的“The Golden Cap Estate is famous for being the tallest point of the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site.”可知，在Golden Cap可以欣赏自然遗产。
2．选B 细节理解题。根据“Aber Falls in the Snowdonia National Park”部分中的“The nearest train station: Bangor”可知，如果去参观Aber Nature Reserve，你应该选择Bangor。
3．选A 细节理解题。根据“Conic Hill in the Loch Lomond”部分中的“After going through ancient woodlands, you'll reach the impressive view of Loch Lomond and its many islands.”和“Loch an Eilein in the Cairngorms National Park”部分中的“This 7.2km walk passes Loch an Eilein and cuts through the endless ancient forest.”可知，Conic Hill和Loch an Eilein都有古老的森林。
Ⅳ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西澳大利亚的一所特殊学校正在为每个人创造安全体验自然的机会。
1．completely 考查副词。空处修饰形容词man made，应用副词形式。
2．comfortable 考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，应用形容词作宾语补足语。
3．is called 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语school和动词call之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语是名词单数形式，be动词用is。
4．and 考查连词。空后的“building fires”和前文之间是并列关系，应用and连接。
5．to make 考查非谓语动词。use sth. to do sth.意为“使用……做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
6．taught 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，且动词teach和skills之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
7．The 考查冠词。由空后“of Wild Movement”可知，此处表示特指，应用定冠词，位于句首，首字母应大写。
8．where 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是a space，表示抽象的地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。
9．them 考查人称代词的宾格。此处作介词around的宾语，应用宾格。
10．understanding 考查名词。由空前的“a”可知，此处应用名词作宾语。have a better understanding of ...意为“对……有更好的理解”。
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