Section 7 “Race to the Pole”的新知学习环节
课时目标
1.学习并掌握重点语言知识，包括单词、短语及句式等。
2.了解并学习后缀的用法，掌握构词法的相关知识。
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．through the snow with a sledge拖着____________在雪地里跋涉
2.
3．put up a tent 搭______________
4．Captain Cook 库克____________
5．solid dragging _____________跋涉
6．pull on foot gear 穿上步行_________
7．try to dissuade him 试图___________他
二、重点单词——写其形
1．____________ explorers 极地探险家
2．____________ my theory 证明我的说法
3．the ____________ of Africa 非洲大陆
4．a fairy ____________ 童话故事
三、活用单词——悉其变
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
四、拓展构词——明其规(依据规律串记单词)
1．preparation：以“ ation”结尾的名词
①celebration 庆祝；庆典
②expectation 期望
③graduation 毕业；毕业典礼
④consideration 考虑
2．honesty：以“ y”结尾的名词
①difficulty 困难 ②discovery 发现
③modesty 谦虚 ④beauty 美；美丽
五、高级词块——通其用
1．________________ 停止运转，出故障
2．________________ 不理睬；背弃
3．________________ 在……的历史进程中
4．________________ 为……做准备
5．________________ 在去……的路上
6．________________ 因为
7．________________ 取得进步
8．________________ 在(做)某事上有困难
9．________________ 不久；过一会儿
10．________________ 曾经，一度
11．________________ 继续走，继续行进
1．While he was on the way to Antarctica, he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south, too.
在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要去南极洲。
★on the way to (＝on one's way to)在去……的途中
|用|法|感|知|
·(“细节描写”佳句)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
在我们去那个房子的途中，雨下得很大，我们不禁想知道要花多长时间才能到那里。
[归纳点拨]
on the way 即将到来
in the way 挡道
by the way 顺便说一下
in a/one way 在某种程度上
in no way 决不(置于句首时句子用部分倒装)
|应|用|融|会|
(完成句子/句式升级)
①The forecaster says more snow is ______________________.天气预报员说不久还将有降雪。
②The good service made up for the poor food in the hotel ________________________.
酒店良好的服务在某种程度上弥补了其食物的不足。
③________________ can we stand your behaviour any more.
我们决不能再容忍你的行为。
④In his mind, she was in no way to blame.
→In his mind, in no way ________________________________________________.
2．During the polar summer of 1910－1911, both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.
在1910－1911年的极地的夏季，两支队伍都建了食品储备点，为来年的旅程做准备。
★base n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地
|用|法|感|知|
·(“动作描写”写作佳句)On a misty morning in July, they arrived at the base of the mountain, ready for their first climb.
7月一个雾蒙蒙的早晨，他们到达了山的底部，准备开始他们的第一次攀登。
·The decision we made was based on the detailed research that we conducted.
我们所做的决定是基于我们进行的详细研究。
[归纳点拨]
(1)base sth. on/upon sth.以……为基础
be based on/upon 基于，以……为基础
(2)basis n. 基础(多表示抽象意义)
on the basis of 在……的基础上；根据
|应|用|融|会|(完成句子)
①Do you really think enjoyment should ________________________ others' pain
你真的以为快乐应该建立在别人的痛苦之上吗？
②Edison ____________________ scientific experiments.
爱迪生的想法是以科学实验为基础的。
③Don't make your decision ________________ cost alone.
你不要单基于费用来做决定。
★preparation n．预备，准备
|用|法|感|知|
·(“语言学习”主题佳句)I want to improve my language skills in preparation for further study overseas.
我想提高我的语言技能，为出国深造做准备。
·(“细节描写”写作佳句)She calculated they had enough time to prepare a surprise for Mum.
她计算出他们有足够的时间给妈妈准备一个惊喜。
[归纳点拨]
(1)in preparation for ... 为……做准备
make preparations for ... 为……做准备
(2)prepare v. 预备，使有准备
prepare sb.for sth.使某人对某事有所准备
prepare for 为……做准备
prepare (sb.) to do sth. (使某人)准备做某事
(3)prepared adj. 准备好的
be (well) prepared for为……做好准备(表状态)
be prepared to do愿意做……；准备好了做……
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/句型转换)
①Jane has made different desserts in ________ (prepare) for the party.
②Hope for the best, and prepare __________ the worst.
③All the competitors must be fully prepared ____________ (give) the best performance.
④She will need to be well prepared for the task ahead.
→She will need to ______________________________________ the task ahead.
3．First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。
★break down (机器等)停止运转，出故障；身体垮掉；失败；崩溃；拆毁，拆除；分解
|用|法|感|知|
(写出下列句中break down的含义)
①His health broke down under the pressure of work.________________
②The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.________________
③To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it down into parts.________________
④The firemen broke down the wall in order to gain quick access to the building on fire.________________
⑤He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air conditioning system broke down.________________
[归纳点拨]
break into 破门而入，强行闯入(后接宾语)；突然开始(哭、唱等)
break in 闯入；插话，打断
break away from 突然挣脱，摆脱
break out (坏事)突然发生，爆发
break up 分手，结束；(使)破碎；解散；放假
|应|用|融|会|(完成句子)
⑥Learn to relax.If you push yourself too hard，
________________________________________________________________________.
要学会放松。如果你把自己逼得太紧，你可能因为压力而崩溃。
⑦A big fire ____________ when the lightning struck the old house which was full of dry wood.当闪电击中那座满是干木头的老房子时，一场大火爆发了。
⑧The meeting didn't ________________ until deep at night.会议直到深夜才结束。
4．The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.
下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。
★have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
|用|法|感|知|
·(“建议”类佳句)Whether you have difficulty with grammar，or have trouble (in) memorizing new words，you can solve your problem by reading sentences aloud.
不论你是在语法方面有困难，还是记新单词费劲，通过大声地朗读句子你就可以解决你的问题。
·The foreigner had much difficulty in understanding the Chinese sentence.
这个外国人很难理解这个汉语句子。
[归纳点拨]
have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有困难
have difficulty/trouble with sth. 在某事上有困难
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空)
①That day we had no difficulty (in) ________ (find) his new house.
②They had little difficulty ____________ new school life.
③You can't imagine what difficulty she has (in) ____________ (raise) her children.
5．Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.
斯科特上校和两名队员继续向前，到达距离他们其中一个食品储备点不足11英里的地方。
★carry on (with/doing) sth. 继续(做)某事
|用|法|感|知|
·(“细节描写”佳句)They decided to carry on with the plan although there were many difficulties ahead.尽管前方有许多困难，他们还是决定继续执行这个计划。
·If you think you can carry on drinking so much without damaging your health, then you're mistaken.
如果你认为你可以继续喝这么多酒而不损害你的健康，那你就错了。
[归纳点拨]
carry out 实行，执行
carry away 拿走；带走；使着迷
carry off 成功地对付；赢得
carry through 完成；贯彻；使渡过难关
|应|用|融|会|(单句语法填空)
①You'll have an accident if you carry on ____________ (drive) like that.
②His courage and determination carried him ____________.
③Determined to carry ____________ the plan as planned, they made very careful preparations.
1．Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。
本句是以副词then位于句首的完全倒装句，该句的正常语序为：The total darkness of the polar winter came then.。
(1)完全倒装就是将整个谓语置于主语之前。当一些表示方位的介词短语或副词，如up、down、out、in、here、there、over there、off、back、away、in the front of等或表示时间的now、then等副词位于句首，且句子的主语是名词而不是代词时，句子常用完全倒装结构。
(2)完全倒装结构的时态通常只用一般现在时或一般过去时，谓语动词的单复数视后面主语的单复数而定。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
①An old man who had suddenly fallen down lay on the floor.
→On the floor ________________ who had suddenly fallen down.
②A farm lies at the foot of the hill which is surrounded by green trees with a small river flowing through it.
→At the foot of the hill ________________ which is surrounded by green trees with a small river flowing through it.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
③我们的校长站在教室前面。
In the front of the classroom ____________________________.
④门开了，我们的老师进来了。
The door opened and in ________________.
⑤看！我们其余的客人们来了。
Look! There ________________________________________________________.
2．He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他用几队狗拉雪橇，所有的队员都在滑雪板上行进。
句中的had teams of dogs pulling为“have ＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，此处是现在分词作宾语补足语，意为“让/使……保持某种状态，让……一直做某事”(用于否定句时表示“容忍，允许”)。
“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”有三种结构：
(1)have sb.do ...“让某人做……”(sb.与do之间是主谓关系)；
(2)have sth.done“让(他人)为自己做某事；遭遇某事”(sth.与do 之间是动宾关系)；
(3)have sb./sth. doing“让……一直做某事”(sb./sth.与do之间是主谓关系)。
注意：have sth.to do意为“有某事要做”，此时have意为“有”，to do在句中作后置定语。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①There's no need to worry. I will have the car ____________ (wait) outside.
②The boss had her assistant ____________ (go) out to buy some drinks.
③My computer doesn't work and I will have it ____________ (repair) this afternoon.
④I won't have you ____________ (speak) to your parents like that.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
⑤你不喜欢让别人告诉你这些短裤是否好看吗？
Don't you like to ________________________ if the pants look good or not
⑥明天我将请人把门刷上油漆。
I'll ________________________________________________________________________ tomorrow.
⑦很抱歉让你在这儿等这么久。
I'm sorry to ___________________________________________________ here so long.
语法项目—— Suffixes
语境自主感知
①Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.
②The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration.
③... we are unendingly cheerful, but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.
④The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.
⑤He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife Kathleen.
[我的发现]
通过上述例句，你能总结名词、形容词和副词的常见后缀吗？
语法规则点拨
在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀，使之变成一个新词，这种构词的方法叫做派生法。词缀有前缀和后缀两种。一般情况下，加前缀改变词义，加后缀改变词性。我们通常可以根据后缀判断出一个词的词性。
一、名词后缀
1. ability、 ibility表能力、性质 possibility 可能性；probability 可能性
2. al 表动作、人、事物 proposal 建议；criminal 犯罪分子
3. an、 ian、 arian 表各种年龄、派别、主义、职业的人 humanitarian adj.人道主义的；n．人道主义者；historian 历史学家
4. ee 表动作的承受者 trainee 实习生；employee 雇员
5. er/ ar/ ur/ eer/ ier/ or fighter 战士，战斗机；radar 雷达；inventor 发明家；发明者
6. hood 表身份、状况、性质 childhood 儿童期；brotherhood 手足之情
7. ion/ (a)tion表行为、状态 indication 指示；relaxation 放松
8. ism表示……主义、行为、……学、……派 realism 现实主义；tourism 旅游业
9. ist 表从事……工作的人 socialist 社会主义者；dentist 牙科医生
10. (i)ty表行为、性质、状态 unity 团结一致；safety 安全
11. ment 表行为、状态、性质、结果 improvement 改良，进步；government 政府
12. ness 表状态、性质 eagerness 渴望；carelessness 粗心
13. logy/ ology表学科、科目 sociology 社会学；ecology 生态学
14. ship 表状态、状况、身份、技艺、技能 friendship 友谊；partnership 伙伴关系
15. ure表行动或过程、结果等 culture 培养；failure 失败
二、动词后缀
1. en 使变成 harden使变硬；shorten使变短
2. fy 使成……、使……化 purify 净化；simplify 简化
3. ize以……方式对待、……化 realize 实现；organize 组织
三、形容词后缀
1. able 可……的、能……的 acceptable 可接受的；readable 可读(认)的
2. al 具有……性质的、与……有关的 natural 自然的；professional n．专业人员；adj.专业的
3. ant、 ent表 “……的” distant 遥远的；different 不同的
4. ful handful 一把，一撮；mouthful 一口；helpful 有用的；peaceful 和平的
5. ic/ ical scenic 风景的；magical 神奇的
6. ish childish 幼稚的；bookish 书生气的
7. ive 有……性质的、有……作用的 instructive 有教育意义的；protective保护的
8. less 没有……的 jobless 失业的；tireless 不倦的
9. like 有……性质的、像……的 childlike 孩子般的；dreamlike 梦一般的
10. ly 如……的、有……特性的 manly 男子气的；lovely 可爱的
11. ous/ ious famous 著名的；curious 好奇的
12. some troublesome 麻烦的；lonesome 孤独的
13. ward向……的 forward 向前的；upward向上的
14. y 充满……的、有……特性的 clumsy 笨拙的；rainy 下雨的
四、副词后缀
1. ly anxiously 急切地；finally 最终
2. ward、 wards 表方向 upwards 向上；outwards 向外
五、其他
1. ing disturbing 令人不安的；surprising 令人吃惊的
2. ed heated 热烈的；interested 感兴趣的
即时应用体验
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The latest ____________ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____________ (function) structure that is also beautiful.
2．(2024·全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the __________ (complete) of their journey.
3．(2024·浙江1月高考)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ____________ (criticize) that they lead to waste.
4．(2023·浙江1月高考) Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and ____________ (cheap) as possible, so they haven't given much thought to what they put under them.
5．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____________ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
6．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) Since June 2017, right before the ____________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and __________ (confidence) speaking English.
7．(2022·全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ____________ (meaning)．
8．(2022·全国乙卷) China has a ____________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
Ⅱ.语境填词
1．To our ____________ (astonish), some people break traffic rules regardless of their own safety.
2．The ____________ said an international ____________ offered much money to organise the activity. (organise)
3．Nowadays with the development of society, many ____________ do ____________ work without any pay. (volunteer)
4．In a way, challenges are good for developing our strong characters and I like doing ____________ (challenge) work.
5．The president invited him to his private study for an ____________ (formal) talk before holding a formal meeting.
Section 7 “Race to the Pole”的新知学习环节
课前词汇默写
一、1.雪橇 2.①滑雪板 ②滑雪 3.帐篷 4.船长 5.艰难 6.装备 7.劝阻
二、1.polar 2.prove 3.continent 4.tale
三、1.①explorer ②exploration ③explore
2．①preparation ②prepare
3．①base ②basic ③basically ④based
4．①anxious ②anxiously ③anxiety
5．①ambition ②ambitious
6．①cheer ②cheerful 7.①distant ②distance
8．①honesty ②honest ③honestly
9．①sincerity ②sincere ③sincerely
10．①bravery ②brave ③bravely
五、1.break down 2.turn one's back on 3.in the history of
4．in preparation for ... 5.on the way to 6.because of
7．make progress 8.have difficulty/trouble with/(in) doing sth.
9．after a while 10.at one time 11.carry on
核心词汇突破
1．①on the way ②in a/one way ③In no way
④was she to blame
2．★①be based on ②based his ideas on/upon ③on the basis of
★①preparation ②for ③to give
④make good preparations for
3．①身体垮掉 ②失败 ③分解 ④拆毁 ⑤出故障
⑥you might break down because of pressure ⑦broke out
⑧break up
4．①finding ②with ③raising
5．①driving ②through ③out
重点句式解构
1．①lay an old man ②lies a farm ③stands our headmaster
④came our teacher ⑤come the rest of our guests
2．①waiting ②go ③repaired ④speaking ⑤have somebody tell you ⑥have my door painted ⑦have you waiting
即时应用体验
Ⅰ.1.engineering; functional 2.completion 3.criticism
4．cheaply 5.rarely 6.arrival; confident 7.meaningful
8．responsibility
Ⅱ.1.astonishment 2.organiser; organisation
3．volunteers; voluntary 4.challenging 5.informal
1 / 13(共104张PPT)
Section 7
“Race to the Pole” 的新知学习环节
课时目标
1.学习并掌握重点语言知识，包括单词、短语及句式等。
2.了解并学习后缀的用法，掌握构词法的相关知识。
NO 1
课前词汇默写
NO 2
核心词汇突破
NO 5
课时检测
目 录
NO 3
重点句式解构
NO 4
语法专题突破
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．through the snow with a sledge 拖着_____在雪地里跋涉
No.1 课前词汇默写
滑雪板
雪橇
滑雪
3．put up a tent 搭_____
4．Captain Cook 库克_____
5．solid dragging _____跋涉
6．pull on foot gear 穿上步行_____
7．try to dissuade him 试图_____他
帐篷
船长
艰难
装备
劝阻
二、重点单词——写其形
1．_____ explorers 极地探险家
2．______ my theory 证明我的说法
3．the ________of Africa 非洲大陆
4．a fairy ____ 童话故事
polar
prove
continent
tale
explorer
exploration
explore
preparation
prepare
base
basic
basically
based
anxious
anxiously
anxiety
ambition
ambitious
cheer
cheerful
distant
distance
honesty
honest
honestly
sincerity
sincere
sincerely
bravery
brave
bravely
四、拓展构词——明其规(依据规律串记单词)
1．preparation：以“-ation”结尾的名词
①celebration 庆祝；庆典
②expectation 期望
③graduation 毕业；毕业典礼
④consideration 考虑
2．honesty：以“-y”结尾的名词
①difficulty 困难 ②discovery 发现
③modesty 谦虚 ④beauty 美；美丽
五、高级词块——通其用
1． 停止运转，出故障
2． 不理睬；背弃
3． 在……的历史进程中
4． 为……做准备
5． 在去……的路上
break down
turn one's back on
in the history of
in preparation for ...
on the way to
6． 因为
7． 取得进步
8．____________________________________
在(做)某事上有困难
9． 不久；过一会儿
10． 曾经，一度
11． 继续走，继续行进
because of
make progress
have difficulty/trouble with/(in) doing sth.
after a while
at one time
carry on
No.2 核心词汇突破
1．While he was on the way to Antarctica, he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south, too.
在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要去南极洲。
★on the way to (＝on one's way to)在去……的途中
|用|法|感|知|
·(“细节描写”佳句)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
在我们去那个房子的途中，雨下得很大，我们不禁想知道要花多长时间才能到那里。
[归纳点拨]
on the way 即将到来
in the way 挡道
by the way 顺便说一下
in a/one way 在某种程度上
in no way 决不(置于句首时句子用部分倒装)
|应|用|融|会|
(完成句子/句式升级)
①The forecaster says more snow is .
天气预报员说不久还将有降雪。
②The good service made up for the poor food in the hotel .
酒店良好的服务在某种程度上弥补了其食物的不足。
on the way
in a/one way
③ can we stand your behaviour any more.
我们决不能再容忍你的行为。
④In his mind, she was in no way to blame.
→In his mind, in no way .
In no way
was she to blame
2．During the polar summer of 1910－1911, both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.
在1910－1911年的极地的夏季，两支队伍都建了食品储备点，为来年的旅程做准备。
★base n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地
|用|法|感|知|
·(“动作描写”写作佳句)On a misty morning in July, they arrived at the base of the mountain, ready for their first climb.
7月一个雾蒙蒙的早晨，他们到达了山的底部，准备开始他们的第一次攀登。
·The decision we made was based on the detailed research that we conducted.
我们所做的决定是基于我们进行的详细研究。
[归纳点拨]
(1)base sth. on/upon sth. 以……为基础
be based on/upon 基于，以……为基础
(2)basis n. 基础(多表示抽象意义)
on the basis of 在……的基础上；根据
|应|用|融|会|(完成句子)
①Do you really think enjoyment should others' pain
你真的以为快乐应该建立在别人的痛苦之上吗？
②Edison scientific experiments.
爱迪生的想法是以科学实验为基础的。
③Don't make your decision cost alone.
你不要单基于费用来做决定。
be based on
based his ideas on/upon
on the basis of
★preparation n．预备，准备
|用|法|感|知|
·(“语言学习”主题佳句)I want to improve my language skills in preparation for further study overseas.
我想提高我的语言技能，为出国深造做准备。
·(“细节描写”写作佳句)She calculated they had enough time to prepare a surprise for Mum.
她计算出他们有足够的时间给妈妈准备一个惊喜。
[归纳点拨]
(1)in preparation for ... 为……做准备
make preparations for ... 为……做准备
(2)prepare v. 预备，使有准备
prepare sb.for sth. 使某人对某事有所准备
prepare for 为……做准备
prepare (sb.) to do sth. (使某人)准备做某事
(3)prepared adj. 准备好的
be (well) prepared for 为……做好准备(表状态)
be prepared to do 愿意做……；准备好了做……
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/句型转换)
①Jane has made different desserts in (prepare) for the party.
②Hope for the best, and prepare the worst.
③All the competitors must be fully prepared (give) the best performance.
④She will need to be well prepared for the task ahead.
→She will need to the task ahead.
preparation
for
to give
make good preparations for
3．First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。
★break down (机器等)停止运转，出故障；身体垮掉；失败；崩溃；拆毁，拆除；分解
|用|法|感|知|
(写出下列句中break down的含义)
①His health broke down under the pressure of work.__________
②The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached._____
③To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it down into parts._____
身体垮掉
失败
分解
④The firemen broke down the wall in order to gain quick access to the building on fire.______
⑤He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system broke down._______
拆毁
出故障
[归纳点拨]
break into 破门而入，强行闯入(后接宾语)；
突然开始(哭、唱等)
break in 闯入；插话，打断
break away from 突然挣脱，摆脱
break out (坏事)突然发生，爆发
break up 分手，结束；(使)破碎；解散；放假
|应|用|融|会|(完成句子)
⑥Learn to relax.If you push yourself too hard, _______________ _______________________.
要学会放松。如果你把自己逼得太紧，你可能因为压力而崩溃。
you might break
down because of pressure
⑦A big fire when the lightning struck the old house which was full of dry wood.
当闪电击中那座满是干木头的老房子时，一场大火爆发了。
⑧The meeting didn't until deep at night.
会议直到深夜才结束。
broke out
break up
4．The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.
下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。
★have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
|用|法|感|知|
·(“建议”类佳句)Whether you have difficulty with grammar，or have trouble (in) memorizing new words，you can solve your problem by reading sentences aloud.不论你是在语法方面有困难，还是记新单词费劲，通过大声地朗读句子你就可以解决你的问题。
·The foreigner had much difficulty in understanding the Chinese sentence.
这个外国人很难理解这个汉语句子。
[归纳点拨]
have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有困难
have difficulty/trouble with sth. 在某事上有困难
|应|用|融|会|(单句语法填空)
①That day we had no difficulty (in) (find) his new house.
②They had little difficulty new school life.
③You can't imagine what difficulty she has (in) (raise) her children.
finding
with
raising
5．Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.
斯科特上校和两名队员继续向前，到达距离他们其中一个食品储备点不足11英里的地方。
★carry on (with/doing) sth. 继续(做)某事
|用|法|感|知|
·(“细节描写”佳句)They decided to carry on with the plan although there were many difficulties ahead.
尽管前方有许多困难，他们还是决定继续执行这个计划。
·If you think you can carry on drinking so much without damaging your health, then you're mistaken.如果你认为你可以继续喝这么多酒而不损害你的健康，那你就错了。
[归纳点拨]
carry out 实行，执行
carry away 拿走；带走；使着迷
carry off 成功地对付；赢得
carry through 完成；贯彻；使渡过难关
|应|用|融|会|(单句语法填空)
①You'll have an accident if you carry on (drive) like that.
②His courage and determination carried him .
③Determined to carry the plan as planned, they made very careful preparations.
driving
through
out
No.3 重点句式解构
1．Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。
本句是以副词then位于句首的完全倒装句，该句的正常语序为：The total darkness of the polar winter came then.。
(1)完全倒装就是将整个谓语置于主语之前。当一些表示方位的介词短语或副词，如up、down、out、in、here、there、over there、off、back、away、in the front of等或表示时间的now、then等副词位于句首，且句子的主语是名词而不是代词时，句子常用完全倒装结构。
(2)完全倒装结构的时态通常只用一般现在时或一般过去时，谓语动词的单复数视后面主语的单复数而定。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
①An old man who had suddenly fallen down lay on the floor.
→On the floor who had suddenly fallen down.
②A farm lies at the foot of the hill which is surrounded by green trees with a small river flowing through it.
→At the foot of the hill which is surrounded by green trees with a small river flowing through it.
lay an old man
lies a farm
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
③我们的校长站在教室前面。
In the front of the classroom .
④门开了，我们的老师进来了。
The door opened and in .
⑤看！我们其余的客人们来了。
Look! There .
stands our headmaster
came our teacher
come the rest of our guests
2．He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他用几队狗拉雪橇，所有的队员都在滑雪板上行进。
句中的had teams of dogs pulling为“have ＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，此处是现在分词作宾语补足语，意为“让/使……保持某种状态，让……一直做某事”(用于否定句时表示“容忍，允许”)。
“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”有三种结构：
(1)have sb.do ...“让某人做……”(sb.与do之间是主谓关系)；
(2)have sth.done“让(他人)为自己做某事；遭遇某事”(sth.与do 之间是动宾关系)；
(3)have sb./sth. doing“让……一直做某事”(sb./sth.与do之间是主谓关系)。
注意：have sth.to do意为“有某事要做”，此时have意为“有”，to do在句中作后置定语。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①There's no need to worry. I will have the car (wait) outside.
②The boss had her assistant (go) out to buy some drinks.
③My computer doesn't work and I will have it (repair) this afternoon.
④I won't have you (speak) to your parents like that.
waiting
go
repaired
speaking
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
⑤你不喜欢让别人告诉你这些短裤是否好看吗？
Don't you like to if the pants look good or not
⑥明天我将请人把门刷上油漆。
I'll tomorrow.
⑦很抱歉让你在这儿等这么久。
I'm sorry to here so long.
have somebody tell you
have my door painted
have you waiting
No.4 语法专题突破
语法项目—— Suffixes
语境自主感知
①Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.
②The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration.
③... we are unendingly cheerful, but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.
④The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.
⑤He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife Kathleen.
[我的发现]
通过上述例句，你能总结名词、形容词和副词的常见后缀吗？
语法规则点拨
在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀，使之变成一个新词，这种构词的方法叫做派生法。词缀有前缀和后缀两种。一般情况下，加前缀改变词义，加后缀改变词性。我们通常可以根据后缀判断出一个词的词性。
一、名词后缀
1.-ability、-ibility表能力、性质 possibility 可能性；
probability 可能性
2.-al 表动作、人、事物 proposal 建议；criminal 犯罪分子
3.-an、-ian、-arian 表各种年龄、派别、主义、职业的人 humanitarian adj.人道主义的；
n.人道主义者；
historian 历史学家
4.-ee 表动作的承受者 trainee 实习生；employee 雇员
续表
5.-er/-ar/-ur/-eer/-ier/-or fighter 战士，战斗机；radar 雷达；
inventor 发明家；发明者
6.-hood 表身份、状况、性质 childhood 儿童期；
brotherhood 手足之情
7.-ion/-(a)tion表行为、状态 indication 指示；
relaxation 放松
8.-ism表示……主义、行为、……学、……派 realism 现实主义；
tourism 旅游业
续表
9.-ist 表从事……工作的人 socialist 社会主义者；
dentist 牙科医生
10.-(i)ty表行为、性质、状态 unity 团结一致；
safety 安全
11.-ment 表行为、状态、性质、结果 improvement 改良，进步；
government 政府
12.-ness 表状态、性质 eagerness 渴望；
carelessness 粗心
续表
13.-logy/-ology表学科、科目 sociology 社会学；
ecology 生态学
14.-ship 表状态、状况、身份、技艺、技能 friendship 友谊；
partnership 伙伴关系
15.-ure表行动或过程、结果等 culture 培养；
failure 失败
二、动词后缀
1.-en 使变成 harden使变硬；
shorten使变短
2.-fy 使成……、使……化 purify 净化；
simplify 简化
3.-ize以……方式对待、……化 realize 实现；
organize 组织
三、形容词后缀
1.-able 可……的、能……的 acceptable 可接受的；
readable 可读(认)的
2.-al 具有……性质的、与……有关的 natural 自然的；
professional n．专业人员；
adj.专业的
3.-ant、-ent表 “……的” distant 遥远的；
different 不同的
续表
4.-ful handful 一把，一撮；mouthful 一口；
helpful 有用的；peaceful 和平的
5.-ic/-ical scenic 风景的；magical 神奇的
6.-ish childish 幼稚的；
bookish 书生气的
7.-ive 有……性质的、有……作用的 instructive 有教育意义的；
protective保护的
8.-less 没有……的 jobless 失业的；
tireless 不倦的
9.-like 有……性质的、像……的 childlike 孩子般的；
dreamlike 梦一般的
10.-ly 如……的、有……特性的 manly 男子气的；
lovely 可爱的
续表
续表
11.-ous/-ious famous 著名的；curious 好奇的
12.-some troublesome 麻烦的；
lonesome 孤独的
13.-ward向……的 forward 向前的；upward向上的
14.-y 充满……的、有……特性的 clumsy 笨拙的；rainy 下雨的
四、副词后缀
1.-ly anxiously 急切地；finally 最终
2.-ward、-wards 表方向 upwards 向上；outwards 向外
五、其他
1.-ing disturbing 令人不安的；surprising 令人吃惊的
2.-ed heated 热烈的；interested 感兴趣的
即时应用体验
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The latest (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective (function) structure that is also beautiful.
2．(2024·全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the (complete) of their journey.
engineering
functional
completion
3．(2024·浙江1月高考)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the (criticize) that they lead to waste.
4．(2023·浙江1月高考) Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and (cheap) as possible, so they haven't given much thought to what they put under them.
criticism
cheaply
5．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
6．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) Since June 2017, right before the _______ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and (confidence) speaking English.
rarely
arrival
confident
7．(2022·全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more (meaning)．
8．(2022·全国乙卷) China has a (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
meaningful
responsibility
Ⅱ.语境填词
1．To our (astonish), some people break traffic rules regardless of their own safety.
2．The said an international offered much money to organise the activity. (organise)
3．Nowadays with the development of society, many__________ do work without any pay. (volunteer)
astonishment
organiser
organisation
volunteers
voluntary
4．In a way, challenges are good for developing our strong characters and I like doing (challenge) work.
5．The president invited him to his private study for an ________(formal) talk before holding a formal meeting.
challenging
informal
No.5 课时检测
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He deserves the highest praise for his (勇气)．
2．She answered all my questions with her usual (诚实)．
3．The nursery is bright and (令人愉快的), with plenty of toys.
bravery
honesty
cheerful
4．The harbour is an important naval (海军的) (基地)．
5．No one will ever know what mix of talent, (雄心), energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.
6．Join a small group bike tour for an evening of (探索) in the heart of Washington, D．C.
7．To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to (遥远的) planets.
base
ambition
exploration
distant
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．As we left we had a photograph (take) together.
2．Doing outdoor exercise really can help keep you _________ (cheer)．
3．The scientists used detailed genetic analysis (prove) the links between them.
taken
cheerful
to prove
4．Perri and Sheila tell their mother-daughter story with _________ (honest), humour, and enthusiasm.
5．It was with (sincere) and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
6．You are so kind to help me.Thank you for your (kind)．
honesty
sincerity
kindness
7．While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that (explore)．
8． (base) on a true story, the novel is popular soon.
9． (anxious), she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn't fit.
10．The elephant heard the (distance) alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed.
exploration
Based
Anxiously
distant
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．He died the hospital.
2．This song an old folk tune.
3．The washing machine seems to have again.
break down， at one time， be based on， in the history of， have difficulty with， carry on， after a while， make progress， in preparation for， on the way to
on the way to
is based on
broken down
4． lectures, I urge you to do some reading.
5．In fact, he may be the greatest project team leader ______________ high tech.
6．Step by step, we are beginning to in the tasks.
7．They their own language, let alone someone else's.
In preparation for
in the history of
make progress
have difficulty with
8． ，I reached the conclusion that something was wrong.
9． I used to go skiing every winter.
10．They will their negotiations next week.
After a while
At one time
carry on
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．He was very funny and all the way.
他非常滑稽，一路上逗我们笑个不停。
2． encouraged all of us.
她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。
had us laughing
Her coming to help
3． into the air.
火箭升空了。
4．Jane used to her school work, but she has improved a lot recently.
简过去在学业上有困难，但是最近已大有进步。
5．They never leave areas .
他们从没离开过居住地。
Up went the rocket
have difficulty with
where they live
Ⅴ.主题微写作
选用框中所给词汇写一段探险故事，要求描写生动、逻辑通顺。
bravery， spirit， anxiously， cheerful， tent， ambition， explore， preparation， a terrible storm， break down， have difficulty in ...， run out of， hopeless situation， carry on
参考范文：
Kart and three climbers had always had an ambition to achieve: to climb and explore Mount Rainier. They made full preparations and set off with confidence. But four days later, they lost themselves and had difficulty in finding correct directions. What's worse, a terrible storm struck the area at night, damaging their tent. In this hopeless situation, all of them nearly broke down. As the captain of the team, Kart had nothing to do but carry on. He cut down trees and set up a simple tent in an open area.
Because they ran out of their supplies, they set out to look for wild vegetables and fruits as food. Inspired by his spirit of bravery, everybody refreshed themselves. At the same time, their families and friends were searching for them anxiously. After ten days, a helicopter appeared and found them. They were rescued! Everybody was cheerful. It is Kart's bravery and courage that saved them.
[语篇综合训练]
完形填空
My PhD project is to protect a tiny species of fish, whose color is greenish. To 1 eggs, Clanwilliam sandfish (沙鱼) swim to 2 tributaries (支流) of the Doring river system in South Africa. Local people say it was once a 3 event: The water seemed to change 4 as thousands of sandfish migrated to the shallower tributaries. Now, 5 ， those numbers have reduced to dangerous levels.
My PhD project at South Africa's University of Cape Town is in 6 with a non-governmental organization in saving sandfish. Human activity, climate change, etc., are drying up the rivers. As newly young sandfish try to 7 to the upstream (上游), they now get 8 in shallow tributaries. The sandfish population has decreased by more than 90% since we began keeping count.
They're now regarded as 9 species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.When the river starts to dry up, we 10 young sandfish and put them into buckets of water, then move them by truck to prepared fish nurseries (鱼种场) 11 by local people. The support from local people is amazing. Once the sandfish are large enough to be less threatened, we will 12 them to the natural ecosystem.
The data so far show the project has been 13 . We've 14 about 36,000 young sandfish over the past three years. I'm looking forward to 15 those numbers next year.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者详细描述了自己的博士项目——保护一种绿色的小型鱼类，即Clanwilliam sandfish。
1．A.lay B．hide
C．drag D．lie
解析：根据后文的“eggs”以及“Clanwilliam sandfish”并结合选项可知，此处表示沙鱼产卵。
√
2．A.shorter B．quieter
C．shallower D．smaller
解析：根据后文“migrated to the shallower tributarie”可知，此处指游到南非多林河系较浅的支流。
√
3．A.sad B．puzzling
C．moving D．wonderful
解析：根据后文“The water seemed to change as thousands of sandfish migrated to the shallower tributaries.”可知，成千上万的沙鱼迁徙到较浅的支流，水似乎改变了颜色，应是一件奇妙的事。
√
4．A.speed B．colour
C．environment D．climate
解析：根据前文“whose color is greenish”及本句语境可知，成千上万的沙鱼迁徙到较浅的支流，应是水的颜色看起来改变了。
√
5．A.however B．therefore
C．besides D．moreover
解析：根据后文“those numbers have reduced to dangerous levels”可知，这些数字已经降到了危险的水平和前文的成千上万的沙鱼构成转折关系。
√
6．A.relationship B．schedule
C．solution D．cooperation
解析：根据后文“We've about 36,000 young sandfish over the past three years.”可知，作者和这个组织一起拯救了36 000只小沙鱼，所以作者是与这个组织合作。
√
7．A.keep B．lead
C．swim D．turn
解析：根据前文“young sandfish”可知，小沙鱼应该是游向上游。
√
8．A.stuck B．hurt
C．annoyed D．punished
解析：根据前文“Human activity, climate change, etc., are drying up the rivers.”可知，河流干涸，所以小沙鱼被困在了浅水支流里。
√
9．A.balanced B．injured
C．endangered D．changeable
解析：根据前文“The sandfish population has decreased by more than 90% since we began keeping count.”可知，沙鱼的数量已经减少了90%以上，所以是被列为濒危物种。
√
10．A.keep B．control
C．fool D．catch
解析：根据后文“put them into buckets of water”可知，应是捕捉小沙鱼，然后放在水桶里。
√
11．A.repaired B．donated
C．discovered D．required
解析：根据后文“The support from local people is amazing.”可知，当地人的支持是惊人的，所以应是当地人捐赠的养鱼场。
√
12．A.return B．devote
C．sell D．show
解析：根据前文“Once the sandfish are large enough to be less threatened”以及后文“to the natural ecosystem”可知，沙鱼长到不受威胁的程度，应是把它们放回自然生态系统。
√
13．A.serious B．extra
C．successful D．convenient
解析：根据后文“We've about 36,000 young sandfish over the past three years.”可知，作者他们在过去的三年里，拯救了大约36 000只小沙鱼，所以这个项目是成功的。
√
14．A.received B．rescued
C．recorded D．cleared
解析：根据前文“My PhD project at South Africa's University of Cape Town is in with a non-governmental organization in saving sandfish.”可知，作者他们拯救了沙鱼。
√
15．A.resulting from B．adding to
C．talking about D．cutting off
解析：根据前文“My PhD project is to protect a tiny species of fish”可知，作者想要保护沙鱼，所以是期望沙鱼数量的增加。
√UNIT 5 课时检测(七) “Race to the Pole”的新知学习环节
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He deserves the highest praise for his __________ (勇气)．
2．She answered all my questions with her usual ____________ (诚实)．
3．The nursery is bright and ____________ (令人愉快的), with plenty of toys.
4．The harbour is an important naval (海军的) ____________ (基地)．
5．No one will ever know what mix of talent, ____________ (雄心), energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.
6．Join a small group bike tour for an evening of ____________ (探索) in the heart of Washington, D．C.
7．To many people, technology means computers, hand held devices, or vehicles that travel to ____________ (遥远的) planets.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．As we left we had a photograph ____________ (take) together.
2．Doing outdoor exercise really can help keep you ____________ (cheer)．
3．The scientists used detailed genetic analysis ____________ (prove) the links between them.
4．Perri and Sheila tell their mother daughter story with ____________ (honest), humour, and enthusiasm.
5．It was with ____________ (sincere) and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
6．You are so kind to help me.Thank you for your ____________ (kind)．
7．While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that ____________ (explore)．
8．____________ (base) on a true story, the novel is popular soon.
9．____________ (anxious), she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn't fit.
10．The elephant heard the ____________ (distance) alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed.
Ⅲ.选词填空
break down， at one time， be based on， in the history of， have difficulty with， carry on， after a while， make progress， in preparation for， on the way to
1．He died ________________ the hospital.
2．This song ________________ an old folk tune.
3．The washing machine seems to have ____________ again.
4．________________ lectures, I urge you to do some reading.
5．In fact, he may be the greatest project team leader ________________ high tech.
6．Step by step, we are beginning to ______________ in the tasks.
7．They ________________ their own language, let alone someone else's.
8．________________， I reached the conclusion that something was wrong.
9．________________ I used to go skiing every winter.
10．They will ________________ their negotiations next week.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．He was very funny and ________________ all the way.
他非常滑稽，一路上逗我们笑个不停。
2．___________________________________________________ encouraged all of us.
她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。
3．_________________________________________________________ into the air.
火箭升空了。
4．Jane used to ____________________ her school work, but she has improved a lot recently.
简过去在学业上有困难，但是最近已大有进步。
5．They never leave areas ______________________________________________.
他们从没离开过居住地。
Ⅴ.主题微写作
选用框中所给词汇写一段探险故事，要求描写生动、逻辑通顺。
bravery， spirit， anxiously， cheerful， tent， ambition， explore， preparation， a terrible storm， break down， have difficulty in ...， run out of， hopeless situation， carry on
[语篇综合训练]
完形填空
My PhD project is to protect a tiny species of fish, whose color is greenish. To __1__eggs, Clanwilliam sandfish (沙鱼) swim to __2__ tributaries (支流) of the Doring river system in South Africa. Local people say it was once a __3__ event: The water seemed to change __4__ as thousands of sandfish migrated to the shallower tributaries. Now, __5__， those numbers have reduced to dangerous levels.
My PhD project at South Africa's University of Cape Town is in __6__ with a non governmental organization in saving sandfish. Human activity, climate change, etc., are drying up the rivers. As newly young sandfish try to __7__ to the upstream (上游), they now get __8__ in shallow tributaries. The sandfish population has decreased by more than 90% since we began keeping count. They're now regarded as __9__ species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.When the river starts to dry up, we __10__ young sandfish and put them into buckets of water, then move them by truck to prepared fish nurseries (鱼种场) __11__ by local people. The support from local people is amazing. Once the sandfish are large enough to be less threatened, we will __12__ them to the natural ecosystem.
The data so far show the project has been __13__. We've __14__ about 36,000 young sandfish over the past three years. I'm looking forward to __15__those numbers next year.
1．A.lay B．hide
C．drag D．lie
2．A.shorter B．quieter
C．shallower D．smaller
3．A.sad B．puzzling
C．moving D．wonderful
4．A.speed B．colour
C．environment D．climate
5．A.however B．therefore
C．besides D．moreover
6．A.relationship B．schedule
C．solution D．cooperation
7．A.keep B．lead
C．swim D．turn
8．A.stuck B．hurt
C．annoyed D．punished
9．A.balanced B．injured
C．endangered D．changeable
10．A.keep B．control
C．fool D．catch
11．A.repaired B．donated
C．discovered D．required
12．A.return B．devote
C．sell D．show
13．A.serious B．extra
C．successful D．convenient
14．A.received B．rescued
C．recorded D．cleared
15．A.resulting from B．adding to
C．talking about D．cutting off
UNIT 5 课时检测(七)
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.1.bravery 2.honesty 3.cheerful 4.base 5.ambition
6．exploration 7.distant
Ⅱ.1.taken 2.cheerful 3.to prove 4.honesty 5.sincerity 6.kindness 7.exploration 8.Based 9.Anxiously 10.distant
Ⅲ.1.on the way to 2.is based on 3.broken down
4．In preparation for 5.in the history of 6.make progress
7．have difficulty with 8.After a while 9.At one time
10．carry on
Ⅳ.1.had us laughing 2.Her coming to help
3．Up went the rocket 4.have difficulty with
5．where they live
Ⅴ.参考范文：
Kart and three climbers had always had an ambition to achieve: to climb and explore Mount Rainier. They made full preparations and set off with confidence. But four days later, they lost themselves and had difficulty in finding correct directions. What's worse, a terrible storm struck the area at night, damaging their tent. In this hopeless situation, all of them nearly broke down. As the captain of the team, Kart had nothing to do but carry on. He cut down trees and set up a simple tent in an open area. Because they ran out of their supplies, they set out to look for wild vegetables and fruits as food. Inspired by his spirit of bravery, everybody refreshed themselves. At the same time, their families and friends were searching for them anxiously. After ten days, a helicopter appeared and found them. They were rescued! Everybody was cheerful. It is Kart's bravery and courage that saved them.
[语篇综合训练]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者详细描述了自己的博士项目——保护一种绿色的小型鱼类，即Clanwilliam sandfish。
1．选A 根据后文的“eggs”以及“Clanwilliam sandfish”并结合选项可知，此处表示沙鱼产卵。
2．选C 根据后文“migrated to the shallower tributarie”可知，此处指游到南非多林河系较浅的支流。
3．选D 根据后文“The water seemed to change________ as thousands of sandfish migrated to the shallower tributaries.”可知，成千上万的沙鱼迁徙到较浅的支流，水似乎改变了颜色，应是一件奇妙的事。
4．选B 根据前文“whose color is greenish”及本句语境可知，成千上万的沙鱼迁徙到较浅的支流，应是水的颜色看起来改变了。
5．选A 根据后文“those numbers have reduced to dangerous levels”可知，这些数字已经降到了危险的水平和前文的成千上万的沙鱼构成转折关系。
6．选D 根据后文“We've________ about 36,000 young sandfish over the past three years.”可知，作者和这个组织一起拯救了36 000只小沙鱼，所以作者是与这个组织合作。
7．选C 根据前文“young sandfish”可知，小沙鱼应该是游向上游。
8．选A 根据前文“Human activity, climate change, etc., are drying up the rivers.”可知，河流干涸，所以小沙鱼被困在了浅水支流里。
9．选C 根据前文“The sandfish population has decreased by more than 90% since we began keeping count.”可知，沙鱼的数量已经减少了90%以上，所以是被列为濒危物种。
10．选D 根据后文“put them into buckets of water”可知，应是捕捉小沙鱼，然后放在水桶里。
11．选B 根据后文“The support from local people is amazing.”可知，当地人的支持是惊人的，所以应是当地人捐赠的养鱼场。
12．选A 根据前文“Once the sandfish are large enough to be less threatened”以及后文“to the natural ecosystem”可知，沙鱼长到不受威胁的程度，应是把它们放回自然生态系统。
13．选C 根据后文“We've ________ about 36,000 young sandfish over the past three years.”可知，作者他们在过去的三年里，拯救了大约36 000只小沙鱼，所以这个项目是成功的。
14．选B 根据前文“My PhD project at South Africa's University of Cape Town is in ________ with a non governmental organization in saving sandfish.”可知，作者他们拯救了沙鱼。
15．选B 根据前文“My PhD project is to protect a tiny species of fish”可知，作者想要保护沙鱼，所以是期望沙鱼数量的增加。
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