Section 4 Focus on Language：The Passive
课时目标
1.掌握被动语态的基本形式。
2.熟记不同时态的被动语态构成并学会在语境中正确使用。
3.掌握主动表示被动含义的特殊用法。
语境中体悟
The Mid Autumn Festival is celebrated on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month.① On that night, it can be seen that the moon is brighter and fuller than any other night.②
The Mid Autumn Festival is celebrated by eating mooncakes.③The mooncakes are delicious.It is liked by all the children.④
At night, a big party is usually held by the families.⑤ They like chatting with each other.Many things are talked about.⑥A lot of nice things will be provided, too.⑦
After dinner, they watch the moon, as in China a full moon is considered as a symbol of family reunion.⑧ The story of Chang'e will be told.⑨ She was made to fly to the moon and live in the Moon Palace.⑩ What a beautiful story!
[语法入门]
句①③④⑤⑥⑧中黑体部分是一般现在时的被动语态，构成形式是is/are ＋ done；
句②中黑体部分是含有情态动词的被动语态，构成形式是can＋be done；
句⑦⑨中黑体部分是一般将来时的被动语态，构成形式是will＋be done；
句⑩中黑体部分是一般过去时的被动语态，构成形式是was＋done。
学案中理清
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词 be 本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。
[自主感知]
①(教材典句)Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family.
②(教材典句)First, the house was cleaned from top to bottom.
③(教材典句)Most of the important Spring Festival traditions are still being practised by people across the country.
④(教材典句)Fireworks were being let off across the city, suddenly lighting up the night sky.
⑤(教材典句)Throughout history, some of the original customs have changed, but the spirit of the festival — the spirit of family — has largely been kept.
⑥(教材典句)I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival, as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible.
[会发现]
句①中使用了________________的被动语态；句②中使用了________________的被动语态；句③中使用了________________的被动语态；句④中使用了________________的被动语态；句⑤中使用了__________________的被动语态；句⑥中使用了________________的被动语态。
[规则点拨]
一、被动语态的基本形式
时态 被动语态构成形式
一般现在时 am/is/are＋done
一般过去时 was/were＋done
一般将来时 be going to/will/shall＋be done
现在进行时 am/is/are＋being done
过去进行时 was/were＋being done
现在完成时 have/has＋been done
过去完成时 had＋been done
含情态动词 情态动词＋be done
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①(2024·浙江1月高考)However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____________ (offer) in smaller packs.
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP ________________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems ...”
③(2021·全国甲卷)It ________________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复)．
④It is reported that another man made satellite ________________ (put) into orbit.
⑤My car________________ (repair) so I have to go to work by bike.
⑥The building ________________ (complete) before I arrived.
⑦The problem ________________ (discuss) at the meeting when the manager turned up.
⑧English Corner ________________ (set) up in our school next week.
二、被动语态的使用场合
使用场合 例句 注意事项
不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者 Do you know when the new railway will be put into use？ 不带by引导的短语
强调动作的承受者；或既关心动作的承受者，又关心动作的执行者 The novel was written by this high school student. 带by引导的短语
表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者 You are warmly invited to a party to be held at the Workers' Club at 7：00 p．m.on May 1st. 不必说明动作的执行者
修辞需要，为了避免更换主语，使句子简练 She stepped onto the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 只有一个主语
在文章标题、公告、科技报告、新闻中 Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity. 用于书面语
[对点练] (完成句子)
①Our school ________________ the center of the city. 我们学校坐落于市中心。
②It is said that their house ________________ last night.
据说，昨晚他们的房子被破门而入了。
③Most of the trees __________________ by those who are eager to become rich.
大部分的树已被那些渴望变富的人砍伐了。
④All the students __________________the inspiring speech.
所有的学生都被这鼓舞人心的演讲鼓舞了。
三、主动形式表示被动意义的情况
1．连系动词如：look，sound，feel，smell，taste，seem，appear, get, grow, keep等可用主动形式表示被动意义。
The dish tastes very good.
这道菜尝起来很不错。
2．表示主语的内在特征、性质或状态的动词，如：drive, lock, sell, read, wash 等，常用主动形式表示被动含义。
These clothes wash easily.
这些衣服很容易洗。
|名师点津| 上面这些动词如果不强调主语的内在特征、性质或状态，而是强调被动的动作，则要用被动语态。试比较：
The door won't lock.这扇门锁不上。(指门本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked.这扇门不会被锁上的。(指不会有人来锁门)
3．表示开始、结束、运动的动词无被动语态，如：begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, run, move等。
The shop closes at 6：00 p．m.every day.
这家商店每天下午六点关门。
4．不及物动词无被动语态，容易出错的有：appear (出现)，die (死亡), disappear (消失), end (结束), fail (失败), fall (跌倒), happen (发生), last (持续), lie (躺), remain (留下), sit (坐), stand(站)等。
Very little of the house remained after the big fire.
大火之后，这座房子所剩无几。
5．有些短语不能用于被动语态，如：agree with, arrive at, succeed in, happen to, take part in, belong to, break out, come true, take place, run out, come up, come out等。
In my opinion, the dream will come true one day.
我认为，终有一天梦想会成为现实。
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①The meeting ____________ (start) at 9：00 a．m. tomorrow.
②Whether we can have a holiday ____________ (remain) unknown.
③A big fire ____________ (break) out in the forest on April 5th.
④The poem ____________ nicely and it ________________ by my students now.(read)
⑤This kind of shoes ____________ easily, so my son's shoes ________________ twice a week.(wash)
四、主动语态和被动语态的相互变化关系
主语 谓语 宾语
主动语态 动作执行者 主动形式 动作的承受者
被动语态 动作的承受者 be＋过去分词
1.由主动语态变成被动语态时：
(1)把主动句的宾语用作被动句的主语；
(2)把主动句的谓语动词改成“be＋其过去分词”的形式，作被动句的谓语；
(3)把主动句的主语放到介词by后面组成介词短语，在句中作状语，有时候可以省略。
They are planting trees.(主动句)
Trees are being planted (by them)．(被动句)
2．在主动语态里，动词see, make, hear, watch, notice 等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但变为被动语态时，to必须补上。
They made him go there alone.(主动语态)
He was made to go there alone.(被动语态)
3．接双宾语的动词变被动语态。有些动词在主动语态中常接双宾语，即直接宾语(一般指物)和间接宾语(一般指人)。在变为被动语态时，如果间接宾语被提前作主语，那么直接宾语保留不变；如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语前一般要加上相应的介词to或for。
We gave him the letter.
＝He was given the letter by us.
＝The letter was given to him by us.
我们把那封信给他了。
4．将含有“动词＋介词/副词”类短语动词(如 look after, put on, pay attention to)的主动句变为被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词应保留下来。
She often looks after the old.(主动语态)
The old are often looked after by her.(被动语态)
[对点练] (将下列句子改为被动语态)
①We often sing this song.
→
②He broke his leg in the match.
→
③She will sell her house soon.
→
④He is repairing the machine.
→
⑤We must do something to help her.
→
[随堂应用体验]
用所给动词的适当形式补全短文
It ①____________ (know) that April 22nd is annual Earth Day.Many people express their love for the beautiful, blue planet in all kinds of activities.
What we humans depend upon for survival is nature, which ②________________ (destroy) day by day.Air, water and soil ③____________________ (pollute) endlessly by those on behalf of so called progress and development.
If we keep this up, the results could not ④________________ (imagine)．Let's make our efforts to protect the earth and I believe the Mother Earth must ⑤________________ (fill) with beauty and vigour in the near future!
Section 4 Focus on Language：The Passive
学案中理清
[会发现] 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时
过去进行时 现在完成时 含情态动词
一、[对点练] ①be offered ②is designed ③was built
④has been put ⑤is being repaired ⑥had been completed
⑦was being discussed ⑧will be set
二、[对点练] ①is situated in ②was broken into
③have been cut down ④were inspired by
三、[对点练] ①will start ②remains ③broke
④reads; is being read ⑤washes; are washed
四、[对点练] ①This song is often sung (by us)．
②His leg was broken in the match.
③Her house will be sold soon (by her)．
④The machine is being repaired (by him)．
⑤Something must be done (by us) to help her.
[随堂应用体验]
①is known ②has been destroyed ③have been polluted
④be imagined ⑤be filled(共60张PPT)
Section 4
Focus on Language：The Passive
课时目标
1.掌握被动语态的基本形式。
2.熟记不同时态的被动语态构成并学会在语境中正确使用。
3.掌握主动表示被动含义的特殊用法。
语境中体悟
The Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month.① On that night, it can be seen that the moon is brighter and fuller than any other night.②
The Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated by eating mooncakes.③The mooncakes are delicious.It is liked by all the children.④
At night, a big party is usually held by the families.⑤ They like chatting with each other.Many things are talked about.⑥A lot of nice things will be provided, too.⑦
After dinner, they watch the moon, as in China a full moon is considered as a symbol of family reunion.⑧ The story of Chang'e will be told.⑨ She was made to fly to the moon and live in the Moon Palace.⑩ What a beautiful story!
[语法入门]
句①③④⑤⑥⑧中蓝体部分是一般现在时的被动语态，构成形式是is/are ＋ done；
句②中蓝体部分是含有情态动词的被动语态，构成形式是can＋be done；
句⑦⑨中蓝体部分是一般将来时的被动语态，构成形式是will＋be done；
句⑩中蓝体部分是一般过去时的被动语态，构成形式是was＋done。
学案中理清
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词 be 本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。
[自主感知]
①(教材典句)Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family.
②(教材典句)First, the house was cleaned from top to bottom.
③(教材典句)Most of the important Spring Festival traditions are still being practised by people across the country.
④(教材典句)Fireworks were being let off across the city, suddenly lighting up the night sky.
⑤(教材典句)Throughout history, some of the original customs have changed, but the spirit of the festival — the spirit of family — has largely been kept.
⑥(教材典句)I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival, as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible.
[会发现]
句①中使用了___________的被动语态；句②中使用了___________的被动语态；句③中使用了___________的被动语态；句④中使用了____________的被动语态；句⑤中使用了___________的被动语态；句⑥中使用了___________的被动语态。
一般现在时
一般过去时
过去进行时
现在完成时
含情态动词
现在进行时
[规则点拨]
一、被动语态的基本形式
时态 被动语态构成形式
一般现在时 am/is/are＋done
一般过去时 was/were＋done
一般将来时 be going to/will/shall＋be done
现在进行时 am/is/are＋being done
过去进行时 was/were＋being done
现在完成时 have/has＋been done
过去完成时 had＋been done
含情态动词 情态动词＋be done
续表
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①(2024·浙江1月高考)However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ___________ (offer) in smaller packs.
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP ___________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems ...”
be offered
is designed
③(2021·全国甲卷)It ________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复)．
④It is reported that another man-made satellite _____________ (put) into orbit.
⑤My car ________________ (repair) so I have to go to work by bike.
was built
has been put
is being repaired
⑥The building __________________ (complete) before I arrived.
⑦The problem ___________________ (discuss) at the meeting when the manager turned up.
⑧English Corner __________ (set) up in our school next week.
had been completed
was being discussed
will be set
二、被动语态的使用场合
使用场合 例句 注意事项
不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者 Do you know when the new railway will be put into use？ 不带by引导的短语
强调动作的承受者；或既关心动作的承受者，又关心动作的执行者 The novel was written by this high school student. 带by引导的短语
表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者 You are warmly invited to a party to be held at the Workers' Club at 7：00 p．m.on May 1st. 不必说明动作的执行者
修辞需要，为了避免更换主语，使句子简练 She stepped onto the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 只有一个主语
在文章标题、公告、科技报告、新闻中 Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity. 用于书
面语
续表
[对点练] (完成句子)
①Our school ____________ the center of the city.
我们学校坐落于市中心。
②It is said that their house _______________ last night.
据说，昨晚他们的房子被破门而入了。
is situated in
was broken into
③Most of the trees __________________ by those who are eager to become rich.
大部分的树已被那些渴望变富的人砍伐了。
④All the students ________________ the inspiring speech.
所有的学生都被这鼓舞人心的演讲鼓舞了。
have been cut down
were inspired by
三、主动形式表示被动意义的情况
1．连系动词如：look，sound，feel，smell，taste，seem，appear, get, grow, keep等可用主动形式表示被动意义。
The dish tastes very good.
这道菜尝起来很不错。
2．表示主语的内在特征、性质或状态的动词，如：drive, lock, sell, read, wash 等，常用主动形式表示被动含义。
These clothes wash easily.
这些衣服很容易洗。
|名师点津| 上面这些动词如果不强调主语的内在特征、性质或状态，而是强调被动的动作，则要用被动语态。试比较：
The door won't lock.这扇门锁不上。(指门本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked.这扇门不会被锁上的。(指不会有人来锁门)
3．表示开始、结束、运动的动词无被动语态，如：begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, run, move等。
The shop closes at 6：00 p．m.every day.
这家商店每天下午六点关门。
4．不及物动词无被动语态，容易出错的有：appear (出现)，die (死亡), disappear (消失), end (结束), fail (失败), fall (跌倒), happen (发生), last (持续), lie (躺), remain (留下), sit (坐), stand(站)等。
Very little of the house remained after the big fire.
大火之后，这座房子所剩无几。
5．有些短语不能用于被动语态，如：agree with, arrive at, succeed in, happen to, take part in, belong to, break out, come true, take place, run out, come up, come out等。
In my opinion, the dream will come true one day.
我认为，终有一天梦想会成为现实。
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①The meeting _________ (start) at 9：00 a．m. tomorrow.
②Whether we can have a holiday ________ (remain) unknown.
③A big fire ______ (break) out in the forest on April 5th.
④The poem ______ nicely and it ____________ by my students now. (read)
⑤This kind of shoes _______ easily, so my son's shoes __________ twice a week.(wash)
will start
remains
broke
reads
is being read
washes
are washed
四、主动语态和被动语态的相互变化关系
主语 谓语 宾语
主动语态 动作执行者 主动形式 动作的承受者
被动语态 动作的承受者 be＋过去分词
1.由主动语态变成被动语态时：
(1)把主动句的宾语用作被动句的主语；
(2)把主动句的谓语动词改成“be＋其过去分词”的形式，作被动句的谓语；
(3)把主动句的主语放到介词by后面组成介词短语，在句中作状语，有时候可以省略。
They are planting trees.(主动句)
Trees are being planted (by them)．(被动句)
2．在主动语态里，动词see, make, hear, watch, notice 等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但变为被动语态时，to必须补上。
They made him go there alone.(主动语态)
He was made to go there alone.(被动语态)
3．接双宾语的动词变被动语态。有些动词在主动语态中常接双宾语，即直接宾语(一般指物)和间接宾语(一般指人)。在变为被动语态时，如果间接宾语被提前作主语，那么直接宾语保留不变；如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语前一般要加上相应的介词to或for。
We gave him the letter.
＝He was given the letter by us.
＝The letter was given to him by us.
我们把那封信给他了。
4．将含有“动词＋介词/副词”类短语动词(如 look after, put on, pay attention to)的主动句变为被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词应保留下来。
She often looks after the old.(主动语态)
The old are often looked after by her.(被动语态)
[对点练] (将下列句子改为被动语态)
①We often sing this song.
→___________________________
②He broke his leg in the match.
→_____________________________
This song is often sung (by us).
His leg was broken in the match.
③She will sell her house soon.
→________________________________
④He is repairing the machine.
→____________________________________
⑤We must do something to help her.
→______________________________________
Her house will be sold soon (by her)．
The machine is being repaired (by him)．
Something must be done (by us) to help her.
[随堂应用体验]
用所给动词的适当形式补全短文
It ①________ (know) that April 22nd is annual Earth Day.Many people express their love for the beautiful, blue planet in all kinds of activities.
is known
What we humans depend upon for survival is nature, which ②____
______________ (destroy) day by day.Air, water and soil ③__________
________ (pollute) endlessly by those on behalf of so-called progress and development.
If we keep this up, the results could not ④____________ (imagine). Let's make our efforts to protect the earth and I believe the Mother Earth must ⑤________ (fill) with beauty and vigour in the near future!
has
been destroyed
have been
polluted
be imagined
be filled
课时检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．A dog __________ (raise) by my sister five years ago.
2．Sheep, cows and pigs ______________ (keep) at home as sources of food for around 7,000 years.
3．Two eggs _________ (eat) by the girl every day.
was raised
have been kept
are eaten
4．The GPNP __________ (set) up next year.
5．The fruit ______ (taste) sweet and juicy so it sells well.
6．Look! Food _________________ (prepare) by my mum.We should wait a moment.
7．When I passed by, the trees __________________ (water)．
will be set
tastes
is being prepared
were being watered
8．She said her work ________________ (finish) by the time I arrived so I didn't need to help her.
9．Great changes ___________ (take) place in this small town in the past few years.
10．The leader said this problem _________________ (discuss) in the next meeting.
had been finished
have taken
would be discussed
Ⅱ.将下面句子改为被动语态
1．They set up the oldest zoo in the world in Vienna in 1752.
→__________________________________ in Vienna in 1752.
2．We will hold a big birthday party for her next Monday.
→_____________________________ for her next Monday.
3．We see the boys play football after school every day.
→_______________________ football after school every day.
The oldest zoo in the world was set up
A big birthday party will be held
The boys are seen to play
4．Bob made Mary help him do his homework yesterday.
→_________________________ do his homework yesterday by Bob.
5．We call our Chinese teacher Mr Tan.
→__________________________ Mr Tan.
6．He has offered us a lot of advice on how to make a video.
①___________________ a lot of advice on how to make a video.
②A lot of advice on how to make a video ____________________.
Mary was made to help him
Our Chinese teacher is called
We have been offered
has been offered to us
7．A worker is repairing my computer.
→____________________________ by a worker.
8．I had heard the song sung many times by the time I was ten.
→_______________________ sung many times by the time I was ten.
My computer is being repaired
The song had been heard
9．At this time yesterday I was making a film.
→At this time yesterday _____________________.
10．They promised that they would give me a gift.
①They promised that ________________ a gift.
②They promised that a gift ____________________.
a film was being made
I would be given
would be given to me
Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式完成短文
At present electronic payment ①______________ (apply) widely in Sweden. So far only about 20% of all consumer payment in Sweden ②______________ (make) in cash, compared with an average of 75% in the rest of the world.And even cash has not been offered in many of the country's banks in the past few years.However, not everyone is joyful.
is being applied
has been made
More Internet crimes ③_______________ (cause) because of Sweden's electronic payment up to now.Also, elderly people who use cash ④____
_____________ (ignore) in Sweden now.But certainly cash isn't dead. The Swedish central bank predicts the use of cash ⑤________________ (reduce) fast but still be working in 20 years. Anyway, for more and more consumers, using cash is no longer their habit.
have been caused
are
being ignored
is being reduced
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Interesting festivals in the world
Throwing tomatoes — Spain
Spain takes “tomatoes fights” to a whole new level.But the tomatoes are being thrown, not eaten.The festival takes place during the last Wednesday in August.Trucks (卡车) carry tomatoes into the square.People rush to the tomatoes and throw them into the crowd.
Rolling cheese — England
This festival is celebrated on the last Monday in May — It takes place on Cooper's Hill.A large wheel of cheese is rolled down Cooper's Hill.The festival is actually a race where people run down the hill after the rolling cheese.The first person to cross the finish line at the bottom of the hill wins the cheese.
Burning man — The United States
The Burning Man Festival lasts a week. It is from the Monday before Labor Day to Labor Day (which falls on the first Monday in September in America)．The festival takes place in the Black Rock Desert.The best part of the festival is the burning of a large sculpture of a man.
Pouring water — Thailand
The Songkran Festival is the celebration of the New Year in Thailand.Rather than a single day, Thailand celebrates the New Year from April 13th to April 15th.Thai people run after each other pouring water.Songkran is one of the most important reasons why foreigners travel to the beautiful land.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上四个有趣的节日。
1．Where will you probably go to enjoy one of the festivals above in May
A．Spain. B．England.
C．The United States. D．Thailand.
解析：细节理解题。根据Rolling cheese — England部分中“This festival is celebrated on the last Monday in May”可知，要在五月参加一个节日，可以去英国的滚奶酪节。
√
2．Which festival is held in Black Rock Desert
A．Throwing tomatoes. B．Rolling cheese.
C．Burning man. D．Pouring water.
解析：细节理解题。根据Burning man — The United States部分中“The festival takes place in the Black Rock Desert.”可知，美国的火人节在黑岩石沙漠举办。
√
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The tomatoes are thrown into crowd to eat.
B．Not all the festivals above fall on a single day.
C．Burning a large real man is the best part of the festival.
D．Songkran is the only reason for attracting lots of tourists.
√
解析：细节理解题。结合四个节日的举办时间可知，西班牙的番茄节和英国的滚奶酪节时间为一天，美国的火人节持续一周，泰国的泼水节持续三天，所以选项B符合题意。
4．Where is the passage most probably taken from
A．A tour guide. B．A science report.
C．A story book. D．A fashion magazine.
解析：文章出处题。结合文章的标题Interesting festivals in the world可知，本文介绍的是世界上四个有趣的节日，所以文章可能和旅游有关，因此推断节选自旅游指南。
√
Ⅴ.语法填空
The Duanwu Festival， 1 (know) as the Dragon Boat Festival, is a major traditional Chinese festival, which 2 (celebrate) on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.It enjoys higher popularity in 3 (south) areas, such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Fujian provinces.
4 is said that this traditional Chinese festival is to remember Qu Yuan, 5 was a poet of Chu State and ended his life in Miluo River. The people of Chu State 6 (respect) Qu Yuan very much.When they heard that Qu Yuan died in the river, they rowed the boats fast for Qu Yuan's body.So the dragon boat race has been 7 essential part of the festival.In addition, they threw zongzi into Miluo River to stop fish from 8 (eat) his body.Then zongzi became the 9 (important) food for the festival.
At this festival, adults drink realgar (雄黄) wine and children wear sachet (香囊) 10 health and happiness.People usually say “Wish you safety and good health” to each other instead of “Wish you a happy Dragon Boat Festival”．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国传统节日——端午节的由来和庆祝方式。
1．known 考查非谓语动词。句子主语the Duanwu Festival与know之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词短语作后置定语。be known as意为“作为……而为人所知”。
2．is celebrated 考查动词时态和语态。句子叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；定语从句中，which指代的是先行词a major traditional Chinese festival，与celebrate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填is celebrated。
3．southern 考查形容词。修饰名词areas，应用形容词形式。故填southern。
4．It 考查it的用法。此处为It is said that ...句型，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。故填It。
5．who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Qu Yuan，指人，在从句中作主语。故填who。
6．respected 考查动词时态。根据空前“The people of Chu State”可知，句子叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填respected。
7．an 考查冠词。a part of意为“……的一部分”，且essential以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。
8．eating 考查非谓语动词。stop sb.from doing ...意为“阻止某人做……”，from后面接动名词形式作介词宾语。故填eating。
9．most important 考查形容词最高级。根据句意及空前的“the”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式。故填most important。
10．for 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示目的，意为“为了……”，故填for。UNIT 3 课时检测(四) Focus on Language：The Passive
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．A dog ________________ (raise) by my sister five years ago.
2．Sheep, cows and pigs ________________ (keep) at home as sources of food for around 7,000 years.
3．Two eggs ________________ (eat) by the girl every day.
4．The GPNP ________________(set) up next year.
5．The fruit ____________ (taste) sweet and juicy so it sells well.
6．Look! Food ________________ (prepare) by my mum.We should wait a moment.
7．When I passed by, the trees ________________ (water)．
8．She said her work ________________ (finish) by the time I arrived so I didn't need to help her.
9．Great changes ________________ (take) place in this small town in the past few years.
10．The leader said this problem ________________ (discuss) in the next meeting.
Ⅱ.将下面句子改为被动语态
1．They set up the oldest zoo in the world in Vienna in 1752.
→________________________________ in Vienna in 1752.
2．We will hold a big birthday party for her next Monday.
→________________________ for her next Monday.
3．We see the boys play football after school every day.
→________________________ football after school every day.
4．Bob made Mary help him do his homework yesterday.
→________________________ do his homework yesterday by Bob.
5．We call our Chinese teacher Mr Tan.
→________________________ Mr Tan.
6．He has offered us a lot of advice on how to make a video.
①________________________ a lot of advice on how to make a video.
②A lot of advice on how to make a video ________________________.
7．A worker is repairing my computer.
→________________________________________________________________________ by a worker.
8．I had heard the song sung many times by the time I was ten.
→________________________ sung many times by the time I was ten.
9．At this time yesterday I was making a film.
→At this time yesterday ________________________________________________________________________.
10．They promised that they would give me a gift.
①They promised that ________________ a gift.
②They promised that a gift ________________________________________________________________________.
Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式完成短文
At present electronic payment ①________________ (apply) widely in Sweden. So far only about 20% of all consumer payment in Sweden ②________________ (make) in cash, compared with an average of 75% in the rest of the world.And even cash has not been offered in many of the country's banks in the past few years.However, not everyone is joyful.More Internet crimes ③________________ (cause) because of Sweden's electronic payment up to now.Also, elderly people who use cash ④________________ (ignore) in Sweden now.But certainly cash isn't dead. The Swedish central bank predicts the use of cash ⑤________________ (reduce) fast but still be working in 20 years. Anyway, for more and more consumers, using cash is no longer their habit.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Interesting festivals in the world
Throwing tomatoes — Spain
Spain takes “tomatoes fights” to a whole new level.But the tomatoes are being thrown, not eaten.The festival takes place during the last Wednesday in August.Trucks (卡车) carry tomatoes into the square.People rush to the tomatoes and throw them into the crowd.
Rolling cheese — England
This festival is celebrated on the last Monday in May — It takes place on Cooper's Hill.A large wheel of cheese is rolled down Cooper's Hill.The festival is actually a race where people run down the hill after the rolling cheese.The first person to cross the finish line at the bottom of the hill wins the cheese.
Burning man — The United States
The Burning Man Festival lasts a week. It is from the Monday before Labor Day to Labor Day (which falls on the first Monday in September in America)．The festival takes place in the Black Rock Desert.The best part of the festival is the burning of a large sculpture of a man.
Pouring water — Thailand
The Songkran Festival is the celebration of the New Year in Thailand.Rather than a single day, Thailand celebrates the New Year from April 13th to April 15th.Thai people run after each other pouring water.Songkran is one of the most important reasons why foreigners travel to the beautiful land.
1．Where will you probably go to enjoy one of the festivals above in May
A．Spain. B．England.
C．The United States. D．Thailand.
2．Which festival is held in Black Rock Desert
A．Throwing tomatoes. B．Rolling cheese.
C．Burning man. D．Pouring water.
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The tomatoes are thrown into crowd to eat.
B．Not all the festivals above fall on a single day.
C．Burning a large real man is the best part of the festival.
D．Songkran is the only reason for attracting lots of tourists.
4．Where is the passage most probably taken from
A．A tour guide. B．A science report.
C．A story book. D．A fashion magazine.
Ⅴ.语法填空
The Duanwu Festival，__1__ (know) as the Dragon Boat Festival, is a major traditional Chinese festival, which __2__ (celebrate) on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.It enjoys higher popularity in __3__ (south) areas, such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Fujian provinces.
__4__ is said that this traditional Chinese festival is to remember Qu Yuan, __5__ was a poet of Chu State and ended his life in Miluo River.The people of Chu State __6__ (respect) Qu Yuan very much.When they heard that Qu Yuan died in the river, they rowed the boats fast for Qu Yuan's body.So the dragon boat race has been __7__ essential part of the festival.In addition, they threw zongzi into Miluo River to stop fish from __8__ (eat) his body.Then zongzi became the __9__ (important) food for the festival.
At this festival, adults drink realgar (雄黄) wine and children wear sachet (香囊) __10__ health and happiness.People usually say “Wish you safety and good health” to each other instead of “Wish you a happy Dragon Boat Festival”．
UNIT 3 课时检测(四)
Ⅰ.1.was raised 2.have been kept 3.are eaten 4.will be set
5．tastes 6.is being prepared 7.were being watered
8．had been finished 9.have taken 10.would be discussed
Ⅱ.1.The oldest zoo in the world was set up
2．A big birthday party will be held 3.The boys are seen to play
4．Mary was made to help him 5.Our Chinese teacher is called
6．①We have been offered ②has been offered to us
7．My computer is being repaired
8．The song had been heard 9.a film was being made
10．①I would be given ②would be given to me
Ⅲ.①is being applied ②has been made ③have been caused
④are being ignored ⑤is being reduced
Ⅳ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上四个有趣的节日。
1．选B 细节理解题。根据Rolling cheese — England部分中“This festival is celebrated on the last Monday in May”可知，要在五月参加一个节日，可以去英国的滚奶酪节。
2．选C 细节理解题。根据Burning man — The United States部分中“The festival takes place in the Black Rock Desert.”可知，美国的火人节在黑岩石沙漠举办。
3．选B 细节理解题。结合四个节日的举办时间可知，西班牙的番茄节和英国的滚奶酪节时间为一天，美国的火人节持续一周，泰国的泼水节持续三天，所以选项B符合题意。
4．选A 文章出处题。结合文章的标题Interesting festivals in the world可知，本文介绍的是世界上四个有趣的节日，所以文章可能和旅游有关，因此推断节选自旅游指南。
Ⅴ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国传统节日——端午节的由来和庆祝方式。
1．known 考查非谓语动词。句子主语the Duanwu Festival与know之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词短语作后置定语。be known as意为“作为……而为人所知”。
2．is celebrated 考查动词时态和语态。句子叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；定语从句中，which指代的是先行词a major traditional Chinese festival，与celebrate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填is celebrated。
3．southern 考查形容词。修饰名词areas，应用形容词形式。故填southern。
4．It 考查it的用法。此处为It is said that ...句型，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。故填It。
5．who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Qu Yuan，指人，在从句中作主语。故填who。
6．respected 考查动词时态。根据空前“The people of Chu State”可知，句子叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填respected。
7．an 考查冠词。a part of意为“……的一部分”，且essential以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。
8．eating 考查非谓语动词。stop sb.from doing ...意为“阻止某人做……”，from后面接动名词形式作介词宾语。故填eating。
9．most important 考查形容词最高级。根据句意及空前的“the”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式。故填most important。
10．for 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示目的，意为“为了……”，故填for。
